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[Powered by Google Translate] [MUSIC kucheza]

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DAVID J. Malan: Hii ni CS50.

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Basi nikawa ambapo wewe ni sasa baadhi ya miaka iliyopita.

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Na nilipokuwa Freshman wakati, mimi si kweli juu ya

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njia hii ya kufanya sayansi ya kompyuta, ya kufanya uhandisi.

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Hakika, nilikwenda katika eneo hili kama concentrator serikali.

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Ningependa kuwa, katika shule ya sekondari, mtoto ambaye

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walipenda mambo kama historia.

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Mimi walipenda sheria ya katiba, aina ya Kiingereza na Hisabati.

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Ni kama aina ya zilizofanyiwa, lakini hakuwa na

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lazima kujua mambo ambayo mimi alikuwa na si

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kufundishwa katika shule ya sekondari.

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Na hivyo mwaka Freshman, nilikuwa hii trepidation ambapo hata

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ingawa mimi walipenda kompyuta, alicheza michezo ya kompyuta na

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kama, mimi bila ya shaka kamwe mawazo ya mwenyewe kama

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kompyuta mtu, mwanasayansi wa kompyuta.

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Na kusema ukweli, nilifikiri rafiki yangu katika shule ya sekondari ambao

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walikuwa kuchukua sayansi ya kompyuta walikuwa kidogo ya geeks.

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Na bado, nilipofika hapa juu ya chuo, kulikuwa na

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kozi hii, CS50.

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>> Na wakati huo, alikuwa na sifa hii ya kweli kuwa

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kitu tahadharini.

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Ilikuwa mwelekeo mzuri.

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Ilikuwa shaka ya fun.

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Lakini alikuwa na kwamba kweli kupata mguu katika mlango.

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Na hata sikuweza kuvuka kizingiti kwamba Freshman mwaka.

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Na mimi akaenda wangu kuwa concentrator serikali, kwenda

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kupitia kama wengi wa prerequisites kama niwezavyo,

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msalaba-kuhesabu mambo kwa gen ed au msingi na kama.

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Na kisha sophomore mwaka, kwa sababu fulani, mimi niliamka

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ujasiri hatua ya mguu katika Sayansi Center B, ambapo ilikuwa CS50.

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maarufu sana kompyuta mwanasayansi kwa jina la Brian

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Kernighan alikuwa akifundisha hapa kwamba mwaka.

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Na hata basi, nilikuwa tayari tu kweli kujaza

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utafiti wangu kwa kuchukua kadi hii darasa kupita / kushindwa.

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Nikaona kuzunguka mimi na mimi figured kila mtu katika hii moja

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gotta kujua njia zaidi kuhusu sayansi ya kompyuta, kuhusu

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programu, kuhusu kompyuta.

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Kila mtu mmoja lazima programu, katika nafasi hii,

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tangu walipokuwa 12.

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Lakini, kwa hakika, kwamba haikuwa hivyo.

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Na hivyo siku ya mwisho kabisa, Jumatatu ya tano ya muhula,

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Je, mimi kuchukua leap na mabadiliko kutoka kupita / kushindwa

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barua daraja na kuishia kubadilisha ukolezi yangu kwamba

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siku hiyo kwa sayansi ya kompyuta.

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>> Sasa, kwamba si lengo letu katika darasa hili, kugeuka wewe wote

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katika sayansi ya kompyuta concentrators, lakini kwa kweli kwa

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kupendekeza kwamba kuna nafasi katika uwanja huu na

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katika maeneo mengine ambayo unaweza kuwa na kabisa unfamiliar

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kutokana na kwamba shule za sekondari kawaida kufuata haki

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kiwango mitaala njia, lakini hawajitokezi katika, katika CS50, ndani ya

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mpya ya maji.

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Na kama wewe ni kukaa hapa leo kufikiri huna

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kweli ni mali, na hivyo kufanya zaidi ya watu kwa haki yako

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kwa upande wako wa kushoto.

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Hakika, mwaka jana, 76% ya wanafunzi katika darasa hili hawakuwa na

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kabla uzoefu.

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Hivyo kinyume na kile wewe kufikiri, zaidi ya watu

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wamekaa kuzunguka hapa leo hawana, kwa kweli, kuwa yoyote kabla

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uzoefu.

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18% wamechukua moja CS darasa, na 6% wamechukua mbili au zaidi.

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Wakati huo huo, tunaomba wanafunzi wetu kila mwaka kwa kuelezea

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wenyewe katika suala la kiwango cha faraja.

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Na hakuna ufafanuzi mmoja wa hii.

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Wewe tu aina ya kujua kama wewe si sana

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starehe katika CS50.

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Na mwaka jana, tulikuwa na 55% katika kipande hii ya kijani pie hapa

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binafsi kuelezea kama wanafunzi chini ya starehe, ambao

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shahiri nilikuwa na wazo nini wao d hata shopped shaka juu ya

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kwamba siku ya kwanza.

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Lakini huo 55% walibaki pamoja nasi mpaka mwisho mrefu, kama alivyofanya

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35% ambao walikuwa mahali fulani katika kati ya wale vizuri zaidi

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na walio chini starehe.

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>> Hivyo, ni nini sayansi ya kompyuta?

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Vizuri katika shule ya sekondari, na kwa kweli kwa ujumla zaidi nje

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kuna siku hizi, kuna hii mtazamo au hii

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mbaya kwamba sayansi ya kompyuta ni programu.

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Na kwamba kabisa hali moja ya sayansi ya kompyuta.

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Lakini programu, lugha yoyote ni, ni kweli tu

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chombo kwamba kompyuta wanasayansi kuzitumia kutatua matatizo, ama

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katika uwanja wa sayansi ya kompyuta au inazidi hizi

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siku katika sayansi ya michezo, sayansi ya asili, katika

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dawa, katika masomo ya sanaa, kuchambua seti kubwa ya data.

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Popote sasa kuna kompyuta na data, kuna

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fursa ya kutumia mafunzo ya kujifunza katika darasa kama CS50.

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>> Basi hebu kutatua tatizo kwamba mwanasayansi kompyuta wanaweza kwenda

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kuhusu utatuzi na kujaribu kuweka baadhi jargon, kuweka baadhi ya

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mfumo wa dhana, kuzunguka kile ili vinginevyo kuwa baadhi

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uungwana abstract wazo.

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Hivyo hii ni simu.

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Huwezi kuona mambo hayo mara nyingi mno, ingawa chuo

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bado inaonekana kuwa haya katika nyumba na mabweni.

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Lakini nyuma katika siku wakati alitaka kutumia simu kama

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hii, kulikuwa hakuna umeme anuani kitabu

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katika simu yako ya mkononi.

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Badala yake, wewe vunjwa up kitu

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inayojulikana kama kitabu cha simu.

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Na vitabu simu hizi alikuwa kurasa kuhusu 1000, kawaida.

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Walikuwa sorted kutoka kwa Z. Na wewe tu alikuwa na kupata

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haki ukurasa kupata mtu wewe ni kuangalia kwa ili

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kupata jina yao na simu zao idadi.

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Sasa ni jinsi gani unaweza kwenda juu ya kuangalia up

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mtu wa kitabu hiki?

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>> Tuseme lengo langu ni kuwapa rafiki yangu, Mike Smith, wito.

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Naam, jinsi gani mimi kwenda juu ya kutafuta Mike Smith?

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Naam, mbinu nzuri sana, kama naive na

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ufanisi, itakuwa kuanza hapa na kuanza flipping kwa

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ukurasa 4 ukurasa wa 5 na ukurasa 6, na kwa aina ya linearly, pamoja

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mstari sawa, kupitia kitabu hiki simu.

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Na hata kama ni gonna kuwa incredibly tedious, kama Mike

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Smith ni katika kitabu hiki, mimi nina gonna hatimaye kufikia naye

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wakati mimi hatimaye flip kwa sehemu S ya kitabu hiki.

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Sasa bila shaka, huna haja ya kuwa na mwanasayansi wa kompyuta kwa

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kujua kwamba hii ni njia ya kijinga ya kutatua tatizo hili.

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Gani binadamu wa kawaida kuwa kufanya?

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Vema.

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Hivyo ungependa flip katikati, kulia.

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Hivyo wewe d flip takribani katikati, angalia hapa, na mimi kuonekana

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kupata mwenyewe katika sehemu M.

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OK, hivyo M ni wazi siyo kile mimi nina kuangalia kwa.

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Na Mike kwa haki, ili kuzungumza, katika sehemu hii.

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Na kama baadhi yenu kuona mbele, tunaweza literally sasa

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kuendelea na machozi tatizo hili katika nusu.

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>> [Applause]

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Wewe kweli haipaswi kuwa hisia.

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Tearing ni chini mshono ni kweli si vigumu.

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watu halisi kufanya hivyo kwa njia hii.

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Lakini, chini ya mshono, sasa tuna matatizo mawili, kila moja ya

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ambayo ni nusu kama kubwa.

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Na tunaweza literally kutupa kwamba nusu ya tatizo mbali.

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Sasa sisi ni kushoto si kwa kurasa 1000 lakini, kusema, 500.

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Hivyo sasa nini mimi?

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Naam, binadamu wa kawaida kwenda takribani katikati tena.

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Na mimi kupata mwenyewe sehemu R.

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Hivyo si kabisa huko.

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Hivyo tena, siwezi machozi tatizo hili katika nusu.

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[Applause]

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Asante.

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Hivyo sasa mimi tu baadhi ya kurasa 250.

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Na naweza kufanya hili tena na tena na tena na kwenda kutoka

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125 chini ya takribani 60-30 to 15 na kadhalika.

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Na hatimaye, mimi itabidi kupata yameshuka kwa moja ya kurasa S juu ya

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ambayo, kama yeye katika kitabu cha simu, Mike Smith lazima.

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>> Sasa, hiyo ni algorithm wazi haki ya kuridhisha,

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na ni algorithm moja ya wakati wa matumizi katika kesi hii.

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Lakini nini tunaweza aina ya kuchukua mbali na kwamba?

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Naam, mbinu ya kwanza, kusahihisha ikiwa ingawa ni naive

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mara, inaweza ilivyoelezwa na mstari huu moja kwa moja.

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Hivyo kama juu ya x-mhimili hapa tunasema hii ni ya kawaida ya

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tatizo, hivyo kama x-mhimili inakwenda upande wa kulia,

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tatizo anapata kubwa.

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Ina maana gani kuwa kubwa katika

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muktadha wa tatizo hili?

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Zaidi ya kurasa katika kitabu cha simu.

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Kuna zaidi kitu tunaweza kupima.

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On y-mhimili, wakati wa kutatua.

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Hivyo kama mhimili huenda juu, ni ikatengeneza inachukua muda zaidi.

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Hivyo kwamba njia ya kwanza ya linearly kutafuta kutoka ukurasa wa 1

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dot dot dot ukurasa 1000 ni utaratibu linear, linear

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algorithm au mchakato.

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Na tunaweza kuelezea ni kwa mstari huu moja kwa moja.

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Kama mimi kuongeza moja zaidi ukurasa wa kitabu cha simu, ni kwenda, katika

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kesi mbaya zaidi, kuchukua mimi moja zaidi ukurasa flip

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kupata Mike Smith.

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Kama mimi kuongeza kurasa 100, 100 zaidi flips au vitengo ya muda.

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>> Sasa, siwezi kuwa kidogo wajanja na hili.

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Sihitaji kwa kweli kugeuka ukurasa mmoja kwa wakati.

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Naweza kufanya mambo kama 2 wakati au 4 kwa wakati.

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Lakini hata hilo si wote kwamba kimsingi bora.

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Hata kama ni 2 kwa wakati, yeah, kwamba aina ya hatua hii

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line chini kidogo, na maana yake ni kwamba inachukua muda kidogo aliyopewa

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idadi sawa ya kurasa.

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Lakini si kimsingi bora.

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Lakini ni nini sisi tu kufanya, na ni nini yote ya kufanya

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instinctively?

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Wewe kweli mafanikio kitu kidogo kama hii,

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wakati logarithmic, ambapo tatizo inaweza kukua na kukua na

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kukua lakini gharama ya kutatua tatizo hilo, wakati

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wanatakiwa kutatua tatizo, haina

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kukua karibu kama kufunga.

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Hii itakuwa Curve logarithmic, logi ya n, ambapo n ni

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tu ukubwa wa tatizo, idadi ya kurasa katika hii

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kitabu cha simu.

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Na nini maana ya hii katika hali halisi?

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Naam, kama tuna kama watu 500 katika chumba hiki hivi sasa,

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au tuseme, kama tuna -

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kuchanganya sitiari, hakufanya hivyo mfano bado mwaka huu -

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hivyo kama tuna 500 kurasa katika kitabu cha simu na sisi mara mbili kwa

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1000, katika mfano huu akili zaidi ya flipping

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na katikati, jinsi wengi zaidi ukurasa machozi gani kuchukua kwenda

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kutoka 500 kurasa 1000?

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Naam, moja tu ya ziada ukurasa machozi.

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Kama wewe mitupu yangu 2000 ukurasa simu kitabu, hakuna mpango mkubwa.

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Mimi tu machozi moja ya ziada wakati.

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>> Hivyo katika muda mfupi, na ukubwa wa tatizo unaweza kukua kwa kasi zaidi

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kuliko gharama ya kweli kutatua hilo.

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Sasa hii ni moja tu vile algorithm.

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Kuna wengine tunaweza kutatua kwa njia sawa.

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Na hivyo kwa nini sio sisi kufanya hili?

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Kama ungependa ucheshi yangu, angalau awkwardly hapa katika Sanders, kwenda

201
00:13:39,650 --> 00:13:42,950
mbele, kila mtu, kama unaweza na kusimama katika mahali.

202
00:13:46,420 --> 00:13:49,040
Kama unaweza kuona kwenye screen hapa, hii ni algorithm,

203
00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:52,110
mchakato, programu ya kompyuta kama wewe, wauawe kwa

204
00:13:52,110 --> 00:13:53,850
binadamu ambayo ina hatua 3 tu.

205
00:13:53,850 --> 00:13:55,010
Sisi ni tayari juu ya hatua ya 1.

206
00:13:55,010 --> 00:13:55,840
Umefanikiwa alisimama.

207
00:13:55,840 --> 00:13:58,120
Na sasa kufikiria mwenyewe namba 1.

208
00:13:58,120 --> 00:13:59,310
Hiyo ni idadi yako ya sasa.

209
00:13:59,310 --> 00:14:00,990
Kila mtu hapa ni namba 1.

210
00:14:00,990 --> 00:14:04,360
Hatua ya 2, jozi mbali na msimamo mtu, kuongeza idadi yako

211
00:14:04,360 --> 00:14:07,155
pamoja, na kisha kupitisha Jumla kama namba yako mpya.

212
00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:18,730
Moja ya unapaswa kukaa chini, kisha kurudia.

213
00:14:29,260 --> 00:14:33,715
>> SPIKA 1: 205.

214
00:14:33,715 --> 00:14:34,210
DAVID J. Malan: Nini hiyo?

215
00:14:34,210 --> 00:14:35,200
SPIKA 1: 205.

216
00:14:35,200 --> 00:14:36,450
DAVID J. Malan: OK.

217
00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:44,605
SPIKA 2: Yeye ana wale wengine.

218
00:14:58,120 --> 00:14:58,780
DAVID J. Malan: 205?

219
00:14:58,780 --> 00:14:59,666
SPIKA 3: Yeah.

220
00:14:59,666 --> 00:15:00,092
DAVID J. Malan: OK.

221
00:15:00,092 --> 00:15:00,518
3.

222
00:15:00,518 --> 00:15:02,040
SPIKA 4: 400.

223
00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:02,350
SPIKA 5: 5.

224
00:15:02,350 --> 00:15:04,640
700.

225
00:15:04,640 --> 00:15:05,890
DAVID J. Malan: zote haki.

226
00:15:09,110 --> 00:15:11,965
Katika hatua hii, wachache zaidi watu lazima amesimama.

227
00:15:14,690 --> 00:15:17,860
Hii ni ambapo anapata zaidi Awkward.

228
00:15:17,860 --> 00:15:18,660
Mtu hapa.

229
00:15:18,660 --> 00:15:19,910
Hapa.

230
00:15:28,490 --> 00:15:31,170
sehemu mbaya ni wewe pia sana maneno kufanya

231
00:15:31,170 --> 00:15:33,830
hesabu mbele ya mamia ya Harvard

232
00:15:33,830 --> 00:15:35,080
undergrads.

233
00:15:40,790 --> 00:15:41,820
OK.

234
00:15:41,820 --> 00:15:43,140
Kidogo ya mdudu hapa.

235
00:15:43,140 --> 00:15:43,490
Sawa.

236
00:15:43,490 --> 00:15:44,490
Nini namba yako?

237
00:15:44,490 --> 00:15:45,390
SPIKA 6: Tisa.

238
00:15:45,390 --> 00:15:45,815
DAVID J. Malan: Nini hiyo?

239
00:15:45,815 --> 00:15:46,330
SPIKA 6: Tisa.

240
00:15:46,330 --> 00:15:47,040
DAVID J. Malan: Tisa.

241
00:15:47,040 --> 00:15:49,740
Sawa.

242
00:15:49,740 --> 00:15:52,388
Nini namba yako?

243
00:15:52,388 --> 00:15:53,780
SPIKA 7: 179.

244
00:15:53,780 --> 00:15:55,570
DAVID J. Malan: 179?

245
00:15:55,570 --> 00:15:56,330
Sawa.

246
00:15:56,330 --> 00:15:56,470
Nzuri.

247
00:15:56,470 --> 00:15:57,280
Hivyo 188.

248
00:15:57,280 --> 00:15:58,430
Hivyo wewe guys wanaweza kukaa chini.

249
00:15:58,430 --> 00:15:59,090
Nini namba yako?

250
00:15:59,090 --> 00:16:00,090
SPIKA 8: 118.

251
00:16:00,090 --> 00:16:02,260
DAVID J. Malan: 118.

252
00:16:02,260 --> 00:16:05,310
Baadhi ya undergrad smart kuanza kufanya math.

253
00:16:05,310 --> 00:16:05,590
Sawa.

254
00:16:05,590 --> 00:16:07,050
118, 188.

255
00:16:07,050 --> 00:16:10,022
Ni kitu gani zaidi tulipata?

256
00:16:10,022 --> 00:16:10,990
SPIKA 9: 71.

257
00:16:10,990 --> 00:16:13,884
DAVID J. Malan: 71.

258
00:16:13,884 --> 00:16:14,310
SPIKA 10: 79.

259
00:16:14,310 --> 00:16:15,510
DAVID J. Malan: 79.

260
00:16:15,510 --> 00:16:17,100
Sawa.

261
00:16:17,100 --> 00:16:18,080
SPIKA 11: 47.

262
00:16:18,080 --> 00:16:19,100
DAVID J. Malan: 47.

263
00:16:19,100 --> 00:16:21,100
Ambayo, kufundisha wafanyakazi, kwamba inatupa ngapi?

264
00:16:24,100 --> 00:16:27,690
705 ni jibu.

265
00:16:27,690 --> 00:16:29,905
Na kwamba, kwa kweli, hasa sahihi.

266
00:16:35,060 --> 00:16:36,970
Hapana, sisi walikuwa kweli kidogo mbali huko.

267
00:16:36,970 --> 00:16:40,435
>> Lakini jinsi lazima hii kuwa na kazi?

268
00:16:40,435 --> 00:16:41,940
Nini tu kilichotokea?

269
00:16:41,940 --> 00:16:45,560
Hivyo, juu ya kila iteration ya algorithm hii, sisi ilianza na

270
00:16:45,560 --> 00:16:48,000
baadhi ya idadi ya watu wakiwa wamesimama, na kwamba alikuwa

271
00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:49,350
jumla ya idadi n mara ya kwanza.

272
00:16:49,350 --> 00:16:51,750
Kisha nusu ya wewe wakaketi, na sisi akaenda n zaidi ya 2.

273
00:16:51,750 --> 00:16:52,830
Kisha nusu ya wewe akaketi.

274
00:16:52,830 --> 00:16:56,310
Tulikwenda n juu ya 4, n juu ya 8, n juu ya 16, na kadhalika,

275
00:16:56,310 --> 00:16:59,080
mpaka, hata kama ni aina ya disintegrated huko

276
00:16:59,080 --> 00:17:02,000
mwisho, katika nadharia, kila mtu alikuwa paired mbali katika balcony na

277
00:17:02,000 --> 00:17:05,780
mezzanine na orchestra hapa, tungekuwa na moja tu lone

278
00:17:05,780 --> 00:17:11,790
mtu amesimama pamoja thamani ya jumla, katika kesi hii, ya 705.

279
00:17:11,790 --> 00:17:14,460
Sasa, ni nini maana kwamba, ingawa, kwa mara ya mbio?

280
00:17:14,460 --> 00:17:16,829
Naam kufikiria kuhusu kama mimi kama binadamu alikuwa amefanya manually.

281
00:17:16,829 --> 00:17:19,819
Ningependa kuanza uungwana naively lakini usahihi na 1,

282
00:17:19,819 --> 00:17:23,740
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, na kadhalika.

283
00:17:23,740 --> 00:17:24,920
Inachukua kabisa baadhi ya wakati.

284
00:17:24,920 --> 00:17:25,980
Hivyo siwezi kufanya vizuri, haki?

285
00:17:25,980 --> 00:17:27,690
Katika shule ya daraja, si tu katika kuhesabu ndio.

286
00:17:27,690 --> 00:17:28,109
Kuhesabu wawiliwawili.

287
00:17:28,109 --> 00:17:30,050
Hivyo 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.

288
00:17:30,050 --> 00:17:31,630
Na kwamba anapata kasi zaidi.

289
00:17:31,630 --> 00:17:34,620
Lakini sasa kimsingi, kwa leveraging ya pamoja

290
00:17:34,620 --> 00:17:37,070
akili ya kila mmoja katika nafasi hii, tunaweza kufikia

291
00:17:37,070 --> 00:17:40,660
kukabiliana na zaidi kama hii, ambapo sasa idadi ya

292
00:17:40,660 --> 00:17:42,450
watu katika chumba hii inaweza mara mbili.

293
00:17:42,450 --> 00:17:45,940
Mwingine watu 700 kutembea ndani ya chumba hiki kwa watu 1,400,

294
00:17:45,940 --> 00:17:49,680
lakini ingekuwa tu kuchukua yetu moja zaidi iteration ya hii

295
00:17:49,680 --> 00:17:50,880
algorithm kutatua.

296
00:17:50,880 --> 00:17:53,170
>> Na hivyo, inazidi siku hizi, wakati sisi tuna hizi kubwa

297
00:17:53,170 --> 00:17:55,860
data anaweka katika Facebook na Google na kama, ni

298
00:17:55,860 --> 00:17:58,710
kutatua matatizo na kidogo ya ufahamu, hii kidogo ya

299
00:17:58,710 --> 00:18:02,280
ujanja, kwamba ni kuruhusu sisi inazidi kufanya mengi,

300
00:18:02,280 --> 00:18:05,150
nguvu zaidi mambo na kompyuta ya leo.

301
00:18:05,150 --> 00:18:07,340
Kama wewe kama hizi aina ya mambo, unaweza kuwa na kuonekana kwenye

302
00:18:07,340 --> 00:18:10,650
Facebook CS50 ya mwenyewe Puzzle Siku kuja Jumamosi hii.

303
00:18:10,650 --> 00:18:12,580
Kama ungependa kushiriki katika kitu kama

304
00:18:12,580 --> 00:18:17,010
hii ambapo wewe, katika timu 2 au 3 au 4 ya 4, napenda

305
00:18:17,010 --> 00:18:20,820
kutatua puzzles baadhi kama vile moja hii, unaweza kusimama nafasi ya

306
00:18:20,820 --> 00:18:23,510
kwa kushinda zawadi ya baadhi fabulous, kati ya ambayo ni Wii na baadhi

307
00:18:23,510 --> 00:18:25,900
zawadi kadi au nyingine Facebook swag.

308
00:18:25,900 --> 00:18:28,660
Jumamosi hii, saa sita mchana ili PM 03:00, kwenda

309
00:18:28,660 --> 00:18:33,440
cs50.net/rsvp kwa vile.

310
00:18:33,440 --> 00:18:35,940
Na hii ni slide online kama Ningependa kucheza karibu.

311
00:18:35,940 --> 00:18:38,010
matatizo mwaka huu utakuwa mpya.

312
00:18:38,010 --> 00:18:40,210
>> Unaweza taarifa ya darasani, pia, wote zaidi

313
00:18:40,210 --> 00:18:41,210
kamera ya mwaka huu.

314
00:18:41,210 --> 00:18:45,180
Hivyo si tu bila shaka zingine katika njia ya kawaida, CS50

315
00:18:45,180 --> 00:18:47,760
pia inaweza kuchukua sehemu katika documentary ya juu

316
00:18:47,760 --> 00:18:50,370
elimu hiyo kuangalia uzoefu transformative

317
00:18:50,370 --> 00:18:53,000
ambayo mwanafunzi anaweza kuwa na siku hizi katika shahada ya kwanza

318
00:18:53,000 --> 00:18:53,870
kozi ya masomo.

319
00:18:53,870 --> 00:18:56,990
Hivyo kuelekea haya, basi, si tu sisi kuwa filming kwa

320
00:18:56,990 --> 00:19:00,170
kwamba, sisi itakuwa sinema kama vile kwa inazidi wetu

321
00:19:00,170 --> 00:19:03,670
online watazamaji, kama vile katika tukio hili watazamaji hapa.

322
00:19:03,670 --> 00:19:05,880
Hivyo sisi kuwakaribisha kwa darasa mwaka huu Harvard wetu

323
00:19:05,880 --> 00:19:08,190
Ugani Shule wanafunzi, Graduate School ya Design,

324
00:19:08,190 --> 00:19:10,470
Elimu, shule ya biashara, Shule ya Kennedy,

325
00:19:10,470 --> 00:19:12,970
shule ya sheria, kama vile idadi ya wanafunzi kutoka

326
00:19:12,970 --> 00:19:16,140
Belmont, Lexington, Newton, na Watertown shule za sekondari.

327
00:19:16,140 --> 00:19:17,120
Karibu yote.

328
00:19:17,120 --> 00:19:20,070
Aidha mwaka huu, unaweza kuwa na habari, Harvard na MIT,

329
00:19:20,070 --> 00:19:22,500
na Berkeley sasa, mnafaidika shirikishi

330
00:19:22,500 --> 00:19:26,020
ushirikiano, mpango kuitwa edX, ambayo ni

331
00:19:26,020 --> 00:19:28,650
mpango wa kufungua elimu kwa wote zaidi

332
00:19:28,650 --> 00:19:31,210
watu online na kimsingi kuanza kufanya

333
00:19:31,210 --> 00:19:34,400
utafiti juu ya wadogo pana sana kama jinsi watu kujifunza.

334
00:19:34,400 --> 00:19:36,920
Na hivyo CS50 itakuwa chuo cha kwanza bila shaka

335
00:19:36,920 --> 00:19:38,790
kushiriki katika mpango wa kuwa vilevile.

336
00:19:38,790 --> 00:19:41,320
Ambayo ina maana utakuwa na upatikanaji wa zana zote zaidi,

337
00:19:41,320 --> 00:19:44,020
maudhui yote zaidi mtaala, video wote zaidi

338
00:19:44,020 --> 00:19:48,190
maudhui kama matokeo, pia, kama ya jana asubuhi,

339
00:19:48,190 --> 00:19:52,210
53,019 watu ambao wamejiandikisha kuchukua CS50 pamoja

340
00:19:52,210 --> 00:19:55,290
na wewe mwaka huu kwenye mtandao.

341
00:19:55,290 --> 00:19:56,530
Hivyo bila -

342
00:19:56,530 --> 00:20:03,800
[Applause]

343
00:20:03,800 --> 00:20:05,680
Hivyo hii ina maana gani, hasa, ni kwamba

344
00:20:05,680 --> 00:20:07,770
kufundisha wafanyakazi na nimetumia kidogo kabisa ya wakati huu wa

345
00:20:07,770 --> 00:20:10,600
majira ya maandalizi kwa ajili ya kuanguka, wote juu ya chuo na mbali, hivyo

346
00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:13,580
kwamba tunaweza kuanza kujenga Corpus ya kuvutia, ya

347
00:20:13,580 --> 00:20:16,130
kulazimisha, ya kujishughulisha maudhui ya elimu kwamba

348
00:20:16,130 --> 00:20:22,490
inalenga, hasa, juu ya conveyances ionekane zaidi ya

349
00:20:22,490 --> 00:20:23,960
uungwana tata nyenzo.

350
00:20:23,960 --> 00:20:26,210
>> Hivyo kwa kuongeza mihadhara kozi na na sehemu

351
00:20:26,210 --> 00:20:28,300
mambo kuitwa walkthroughs, ambayo tutaweza kupitia upya katika tu

352
00:20:28,300 --> 00:20:31,620
kidogo, tutaweza pia kuwa Shorts haya mwaka huu ili kuruhusu

353
00:20:31,620 --> 00:20:33,570
wewe kujihusisha na shaka kutoka pembe tofauti

354
00:20:33,570 --> 00:20:34,520
kabisa.

355
00:20:34,520 --> 00:20:36,540
Basi hebu kutumia hii kama fursa ya kuchukua haraka

356
00:20:36,540 --> 00:20:38,905
Peek saa moja kwamba kujadili wazo hili la binaries.

357
00:20:38,905 --> 00:20:42,220
>> Hivyo katika sayansi ya kompyuta, kuna mambo kuitwa algorithms -

358
00:20:42,220 --> 00:20:44,610
mbili ambazo sisi tu alichukua kuangalia - taratibu hizi kwa

359
00:20:44,610 --> 00:20:45,690
kutatua matatizo.

360
00:20:45,690 --> 00:20:46,770
Lakini mwisho wa siku, unahitaji

361
00:20:46,770 --> 00:20:48,730
kuwakilisha taarifa kwa namna fulani.

362
00:20:48,730 --> 00:20:51,640
Na unahitaji kuiwakilisha katika njia ambayo kompyuta unaweza

363
00:20:51,640 --> 00:20:52,400
kuelewa.

364
00:20:52,400 --> 00:20:54,940
Na hata kama wewe si kweli kuelewa kompyuta na

365
00:20:54,940 --> 00:20:58,150
uko kwamba% 76 hivi sasa, pengine baadhi hazieleweki

366
00:20:58,150 --> 00:21:01,860
hisia kwamba kompyuta kwa namna fulani katika kukabiliana na sekunde 0 1s, binary

367
00:21:01,860 --> 00:21:03,160
mfumo, hivyo kusema.

368
00:21:03,160 --> 00:21:04,480
Sasa kwa nini ni kwamba kesi?

369
00:21:04,480 --> 00:21:07,060
Naam, ni zinageuka wakati kompyuta ya kwanza alikuja juu, ikiwa

370
00:21:07,060 --> 00:21:09,400
unahitajika kwa kuwakilisha taarifa, unaweza kufanya hivyo

371
00:21:09,400 --> 00:21:10,600
na umeme.

372
00:21:10,600 --> 00:21:13,460
Na ingawa hii ni kidogo ya kurahisisha, sana

373
00:21:13,460 --> 00:21:16,190
njia rahisi ya habari kurekodi ni aidha kwa

374
00:21:16,190 --> 00:21:18,000
kugeuka kwamba umeme juu ya -

375
00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:20,460
1 katika binary, hivyo kusema - au kugeuka

376
00:21:20,460 --> 00:21:22,100
kwamba umeme mbali.

377
00:21:22,100 --> 00:21:24,080
>> Hivyo, kama Barry, kama ingekuwa si akili, inaweza sisi dim taa

378
00:21:24,080 --> 00:21:26,000
kikamilifu kwa muda tu?

379
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:29,730
Hii hapa ni sana gratuitous binary 0.

380
00:21:29,730 --> 00:21:33,830
Kama sisi kugeuka taa nyuma juu, sasa Sanders Theatre ni

381
00:21:33,830 --> 00:21:35,860
anayewakilisha thamani binary ya 1.

382
00:21:35,860 --> 00:21:38,710
Kwa bahati mbaya, na kidogo tu moja, pamoja na kuweka moja tu ya

383
00:21:38,710 --> 00:21:41,070
taa, tunaweza tu kuwakilisha nambari mbili katika

384
00:21:41,070 --> 00:21:42,690
dunia, 0 na 1.

385
00:21:42,690 --> 00:21:44,470
Na ni d kuwa nzuri kama kompyuta inaweza kuhesabu

386
00:21:44,470 --> 00:21:45,340
kidogo juu kuliko hiyo.

387
00:21:45,340 --> 00:21:46,370
Lakini kwa kweli wanaweza.

388
00:21:46,370 --> 00:21:49,230
Hivyo basi mimi kuvuta juu ya screen hapa rafiki yetu Nate Hardison

389
00:21:49,230 --> 00:21:52,000
ambaye atatupa kuangalia haraka katika kipindi cha chache tu

390
00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:54,680
dakika hii dhana ya binary.

391
00:21:54,680 --> 00:22:01,870
>> [VIDEO avspelning]

392
00:22:01,870 --> 00:22:03,450
Nate HARDISON: Nyuma wakati wewe kujifunza jinsi ya kusoma na kuandika

393
00:22:03,450 --> 00:22:08,450
namba, wewe kujifunza kuhusu tarakimu 0-9.

394
00:22:08,450 --> 00:22:10,840
Kuandika idadi kubwa kuliko yote 9, wewe kujifunza kwamba wote

395
00:22:10,840 --> 00:22:13,830
mnatakiwa kufanya mara kutumia baadhi ya macho ya tarakimu hizi,

396
00:22:13,830 --> 00:22:21,000
kama katika 52 na 437.

397
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:23,220
Hivyo, njia hii ya kuandika namba ina

398
00:22:23,220 --> 00:22:25,620
jina, decimal nukuu.

399
00:22:25,620 --> 00:22:26,690
Mbona decimal?

400
00:22:26,690 --> 00:22:30,340
Naam, mizizi ya Kilatini ya decimal, decem, maana yake 10.

401
00:22:30,340 --> 00:22:33,190
Na wakati una tarakimu 10 katika nukuu mfumo wako, 10

402
00:22:33,190 --> 00:22:35,290
inakuwa idadi badala maalum.

403
00:22:35,290 --> 00:22:38,950
Hebu tuangalie idadi 437 yaliyoandikwa katika nukuu decimal kwa

404
00:22:38,950 --> 00:22:40,340
kuelewa nini.

405
00:22:40,340 --> 00:22:50,200
>> Tunaweza kwanza kuvunja 437 400 plus 30 katika plus 7.

406
00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:56,050
Tunaweza kuchukua ni mbali zaidi hata hivyo kwamba sisi tumepewa mara 4 100

407
00:22:56,050 --> 00:23:02,990
plus 3 mara 10 plus mara 7 1.

408
00:23:02,990 --> 00:23:05,970
Kumbuka kujifunza kuhusu mahali ndio, mahali makumi,

409
00:23:05,970 --> 00:23:08,050
mahali mamia, na kadhalika?

410
00:23:08,050 --> 00:23:10,990
Hii ni hasa ambapo kwamba linatokana.

411
00:23:10,990 --> 00:23:14,150
Na hatimaye, tunaweza kuona sisi tumepewa rundo la mamlaka ya 10

412
00:23:14,150 --> 00:23:15,770
iliyoingia katika hapa.

413
00:23:15,770 --> 00:23:25,330
Sisi tumepewa mara 4 10-2 plus mara 3 10-1 plus

414
00:23:25,330 --> 00:23:29,580
7 nyakati 10-0.

415
00:23:29,580 --> 00:23:31,330
Hivyo sasa unaweza kuona kwa nini 10 ni maalum

416
00:23:31,330 --> 00:23:33,240
idadi ya nukuu decimal.

417
00:23:33,240 --> 00:23:35,240
Kwa kweli, sisi tumepewa jina kwa ajili yake.

418
00:23:35,240 --> 00:23:38,170
Ni wito wa msingi tangu ni msingi wa exponent

419
00:23:38,170 --> 00:23:39,960
katika hesabu yetu hapa.

420
00:23:39,960 --> 00:23:43,190
>> Nukuu decimal si njia pekee ya kuwakilisha idadi.

421
00:23:43,190 --> 00:23:48,020
Kwa kweli, hata kama sisi kujikwamua digits 2 kupitia 9, tunaweza

422
00:23:48,020 --> 00:23:49,610
bado kuwakilisha yote ya namba ambazo

423
00:23:49,610 --> 00:23:51,620
tunaweza pamoja na decimal.

424
00:23:51,620 --> 00:23:56,220
Hivyo basi, tuna tarakimu mbili, 0 na 1, 2 ni maalum yetu

425
00:23:56,220 --> 00:23:59,070
idadi, msingi wa nukuu mfumo wetu.

426
00:23:59,070 --> 00:24:02,340
jina la mfumo huu nukuu inaitwa binary tangu

427
00:24:02,340 --> 00:24:04,890
kiambishi awali "bi" maana yake 2.

428
00:24:04,890 --> 00:24:08,130
Hivyo badala ya sasa kuwa na mahali ndio na makumi mahali na

429
00:24:08,130 --> 00:24:11,950
kadhalika, sasa tuna nafasi ndio, mahali wawiliwawili, fours

430
00:24:11,950 --> 00:24:15,420
mahali, na kadhalika, kwenda kwa nguvu ya 2.

431
00:24:15,420 --> 00:24:17,320
Basi hebu angalia hili na kufanya baadhi ya kuhesabu kura.

432
00:24:17,320 --> 00:24:22,790
Hivyo, bado ni 0 0, na 1 bado ni 1.

433
00:24:22,790 --> 00:24:25,700
Hata hivyo, sasa kwamba sisi tumepewa mahali wawili-wawili badala ya makumi

434
00:24:25,700 --> 00:24:31,070
mahali, 10 inawakilisha idadi 2.

435
00:24:31,070 --> 00:24:36,240
Ili kupata 3, sisi kuongeza moja kwa kuwa na kupata 11.

436
00:24:36,240 --> 00:24:38,310
4, tangu sasa kuna mahali fours, ni

437
00:24:38,310 --> 00:24:42,520
kuwakilishwa na 100.

438
00:24:42,520 --> 00:24:47,280
Tano ni 101.

439
00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:50,610
6 ni 110.

440
00:24:50,610 --> 00:24:54,470
7 ni 111.

441
00:24:54,470 --> 00:24:56,330
8, tena, ina nafasi yake mwenyewe.

442
00:24:56,330 --> 00:25:00,650
Hivyo ni 1000.

443
00:25:00,650 --> 00:25:01,750
Na nadhani wewe kupata uhakika.

444
00:25:01,750 --> 00:25:03,510
[MWISHO VIDEO avspelning]

445
00:25:03,510 --> 00:25:06,900
>> DAVID J. Malan: Hivyo, hii ni kusema, nini kompyuta kufanya na

446
00:25:06,900 --> 00:25:09,650
nini binary ni kweli si tofauti na kile

447
00:25:09,650 --> 00:25:12,260
tumekuwa kuchukua kwa nafasi kwa baadhi ya miaka, sawa?

448
00:25:12,260 --> 00:25:14,330
Wewe wanadhani shule daraja, wewe kujifunza kuhesabu katika just

449
00:25:14,330 --> 00:25:16,310
mtindo kwamba Nate mapendekezo.

450
00:25:16,310 --> 00:25:18,250
Lakini pengine si kweli mawazo kuhusu hilo tangu,

451
00:25:18,250 --> 00:25:19,990
ukweli kwamba kuna mahali hapa ndio, makumi mahali, na

452
00:25:19,990 --> 00:25:20,490
mamia mahali.

453
00:25:20,490 --> 00:25:21,185
Na kwamba ni pretty holela.

454
00:25:21,185 --> 00:25:24,090
Na hakika, tu kutumia kompyuta hii ya msingi tofauti.

455
00:25:24,090 --> 00:25:27,430
Lakini mwisho wa siku, kwa kweli kimwili kuwakilisha

456
00:25:27,430 --> 00:25:30,100
wazo hili la 0 na 1, wewe ni wazi si tu kugeuka

457
00:25:30,100 --> 00:25:31,630
taa na mbali lazima.

458
00:25:31,630 --> 00:25:33,960
Wewe haja ya kufanya hivyo kwa kiwango cha Finer-grained.

459
00:25:33,960 --> 00:25:36,240
Na kwa Finer-grained, unaweza kukumbuka hii silly

460
00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:38,990
kidogo toy kutoka utoto Willy, Woolly na hawa wadogo

461
00:25:38,990 --> 00:25:40,360
magnetic chembe.

462
00:25:40,360 --> 00:25:43,830
>> Hivyo magnetic chembe ni kitu ambacho unaweza align

463
00:25:43,830 --> 00:25:45,720
katika michache ya pande mbalimbali tofauti, labda

464
00:25:45,720 --> 00:25:47,780
kaskazini-kusini au kaskazini-kusini.

465
00:25:47,780 --> 00:25:50,340
Na hivyo mengi ya incarnations kimwili ya teknolojia

466
00:25:50,340 --> 00:25:53,410
siku hizi ya kwamba matumizi ya binary, kwamba kutumia sekunde 0 na 1s, tu

467
00:25:53,410 --> 00:25:58,190
kuwa magnetism ndani kwamba aligns mambo, up-chini au

468
00:25:58,190 --> 00:26:01,970
chini-juu, na hivyo kuwakilisha 0 au 1,

469
00:26:01,970 --> 00:26:02,750
mtiririko huo.

470
00:26:02,750 --> 00:26:05,360
Hivyo kweli, hebu kuondokana na abstract hapa na

471
00:26:05,360 --> 00:26:07,580
kuangalia ndani ya nini zaidi jadi

472
00:26:07,580 --> 00:26:08,640
kompyuta ngumu kuendesha.

473
00:26:08,640 --> 00:26:10,980
Hii moja hutokea kuwa kubwa kidogo juu ya screen katika kwamba ni

474
00:26:10,980 --> 00:26:12,420
kutoka kompyuta desktop.

475
00:26:12,420 --> 00:26:15,670
Lakini Laptops leo bado wana teknolojia hiyo, lakini ni

476
00:26:15,670 --> 00:26:18,190
hatua kwa hatua kuwa kubadilishwa kwa mambo ya kisasa zaidi kwamba

477
00:26:18,190 --> 00:26:20,490
kuwa kweli sehemu hakuna kusonga mbele.

478
00:26:20,490 --> 00:26:22,440
ndani ya basi, ya gari ngumu.

479
00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:23,610
>> [VIDEO avspelning]

480
00:26:23,610 --> 00:26:26,320
SPIKA 12: gari ngumu ni ambapo PC yako maduka zaidi ya

481
00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:27,870
data ya kudumu.

482
00:26:27,870 --> 00:26:31,600
Ili kufanya hivyo, data husafiri kutoka RAM pamoja na programu

483
00:26:31,600 --> 00:26:35,290
ishara ya kwamba gari ngumu kuwaambia jinsi ya kuhifadhi data hizo.

484
00:26:35,290 --> 00:26:38,000
ngumu kuendesha nyaya kutafsiri ishara wale katika

485
00:26:38,000 --> 00:26:40,130
voltage kushuka.

486
00:26:40,130 --> 00:26:43,700
Hizi kwa upande kudhibiti gari ngumu ya sehemu kusonga, baadhi ya

487
00:26:43,700 --> 00:26:46,750
chache kusonga sehemu kushoto katika kompyuta ya kisasa.

488
00:26:46,750 --> 00:26:49,460
Baadhi ya ishara kudhibiti magari ambayo spins

489
00:26:49,460 --> 00:26:51,300
chuma-coated platters.

490
00:26:51,300 --> 00:26:54,670
Data zako ni kweli kuhifadhiwa kwenye platters hizi.

491
00:26:54,670 --> 00:26:57,810
Ishara nyingine hoja kichwa kusoma kuandika kusoma au

492
00:26:57,810 --> 00:26:59,900
kuandika data kwenye platters.

493
00:26:59,900 --> 00:27:03,520
Mashine hii ni sahihi hivyo kwamba nywele za binadamu hawakuweza

494
00:27:03,520 --> 00:27:06,470
hata kupita kati ya wakuu na platters inazunguka.

495
00:27:06,470 --> 00:27:08,780
Hata hivyo ni kazi zote katika kasi kali.

496
00:27:08,780 --> 00:27:09,520
[MWISHO VIDEO avspelning]

497
00:27:09,520 --> 00:27:11,410
>> DAVID J. Malan: Hivyo, kama sisi sasa kuvuta nini kweli

498
00:27:11,410 --> 00:27:14,300
kinachotokea juu ya platters hayo katika suala la

499
00:27:14,300 --> 00:27:17,470
magnetism, tuna hii ya pili ya inaonekana mbili.

500
00:27:17,470 --> 00:27:17,755
>> [VIDEO avspelning]

501
00:27:17,755 --> 00:27:20,820
SPIKA 13: Hebu kuangalia nini sisi niliona tu katika mwendo wa polepole.

502
00:27:20,820 --> 00:27:23,300
Wakati Pulse mafupi ya umeme ni alimtuma

503
00:27:23,300 --> 00:27:26,520
kusoma kuandika kichwa, flips juu ya sumaku-umeme vidogo kwa

504
00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:28,110
sehemu ya pili.

505
00:27:28,110 --> 00:27:31,320
sumaku inajenga uwanja ambayo inabadilisha polarity wa

506
00:27:31,320 --> 00:27:34,280
vidogo, vidogo sehemu ya chembe chuma ambayo kanzu

507
00:27:34,280 --> 00:27:35,790
uso kila sahani ya.

508
00:27:35,790 --> 00:27:39,090
mfululizo mfano wa haya vidogo kushtakiwa hadi maeneo kwenye disk

509
00:27:39,090 --> 00:27:41,650
inawakilisha kidogo moja ya data katika idadi binary

510
00:27:41,650 --> 00:27:43,680
mfumo kutumika kwa kompyuta.

511
00:27:43,680 --> 00:27:45,977
Sasa, kama sasa ni alimtuma njia moja kwa njia ya kusoma-kuandika

512
00:27:45,977 --> 00:27:49,030
kichwa, eneo ni polarized katika mwelekeo mmoja.

513
00:27:49,030 --> 00:27:51,110
Kama sasa ni kuweka katika mwelekeo kinyume,

514
00:27:51,110 --> 00:27:53,070
ubaguzi ni kuachwa.

515
00:27:53,070 --> 00:27:55,540
Jinsi gani unaweza kupata data mbali disk ngumu?

516
00:27:55,540 --> 00:27:57,270
Tu kubadili mchakato.

517
00:27:57,270 --> 00:27:59,670
Hivyo ni chembe kwenye disk kwamba kupata sasa katika

518
00:27:59,670 --> 00:28:01,190
kichwa kusoma kuandika kusonga mbele.

519
00:28:01,190 --> 00:28:04,090
Kuweka pamoja mamilioni ya makundi haya sumaku na wewe wameweza

520
00:28:04,090 --> 00:28:05,300
got faili.

521
00:28:05,300 --> 00:28:08,600
Sasa, vipande vya faili moja inaweza kutawanyika kila

522
00:28:08,600 --> 00:28:11,140
gari ya platters, aina ya kama fujo ya

523
00:28:11,140 --> 00:28:13,140
karatasi dawati yako.

524
00:28:13,140 --> 00:28:16,680
Hivyo maalum faili ziada anaendelea kufuatilia kwa ambako kila kitu ni.

525
00:28:16,680 --> 00:28:18,560
Je, si wewe unataka alikuwa na kitu kama hicho?

526
00:28:18,560 --> 00:28:19,990
[MWISHO VIDEO avspelning]

527
00:28:19,990 --> 00:28:21,200
>> DAVID J. Malan: Kweli kweli.

528
00:28:21,200 --> 00:28:25,420
Hivyo, tuna uwezo huu wa kuwakilisha taarifa ya idadi,

529
00:28:25,420 --> 00:28:26,310
katika ngazi ya chini sana.

530
00:28:26,310 --> 00:28:29,920
Tuna njia ya kimwili ya anayewakilisha kwamba kitu kimoja.

531
00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:32,710
Lakini kweli hatuwezi kufanya yote kwamba mengi ya riba bado

532
00:28:32,710 --> 00:28:34,580
nyingine kuliko hesabu labda baadhi na hisabati.

533
00:28:34,580 --> 00:28:37,660
Sisi hatuna njia ya kuwakilisha mambo hivi sasa kama

534
00:28:37,660 --> 00:28:40,310
barua alfabeti ili sisi binadamu wanaweza kuwasiliana

535
00:28:40,310 --> 00:28:41,970
kutumia vifaa hivi sawa.

536
00:28:41,970 --> 00:28:45,710
Lakini nashiriki kuna encodings, na mwelekeo wa sekunde 0

537
00:28:45,710 --> 00:28:49,240
1s, kwamba kuwakilisha constructs ngazi za juu kama na b

538
00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:52,740
na c na sentensi nzima na aya na kama.

539
00:28:52,740 --> 00:28:56,070
Na hivyo ASCII, ambayo ni kifupi kwamba inahusu hii

540
00:28:56,070 --> 00:29:00,410
coding mfumo ambapo idadi inawakilisha barua aliyopewa.

541
00:29:00,410 --> 00:29:04,580
>> Kwa mfano, idadi ambayo tunajua kama decimal thamani 65 ni

542
00:29:04,580 --> 00:29:06,980
inajulikana kama barua mtaji wa kompyuta.

543
00:29:06,980 --> 00:29:10,700
thamani decimal ya 97 katika kompyuta inajulikana kama

544
00:29:10,700 --> 00:29:11,980
Herufi za chini.

545
00:29:11,980 --> 00:29:13,070
Na nini kwamba kweli maana?

546
00:29:13,070 --> 00:29:15,520
Naam, hata ingawa Nate wakati uliopita tu kuhesabiwa juu

547
00:29:15,520 --> 00:29:20,460
0-8, kama tulikuwa kuendelea kuhesabu hadi 65 au

548
00:29:20,460 --> 00:29:24,180
zaidi 97, mfano wa sekunde 0 na 1s kwamba atakuwa na

549
00:29:24,180 --> 00:29:27,810
inayotolewa kwenye screen itakuwa nini hasa kompyuta hutumia

550
00:29:27,810 --> 00:29:30,300
kuwakilisha barua katika kofia wote au

551
00:29:30,300 --> 00:29:32,470
barua katika lowercase.

552
00:29:32,470 --> 00:29:35,460
Na kwa kweli, kuna mpango mzima huu.

553
00:29:35,460 --> 00:29:38,170
Hii ni, katika mtazamo wa kwanza, balaa chati ya

554
00:29:38,170 --> 00:29:41,150
encodings, lakini kama wewe mkazo tu kwa nusu haki hapa,

555
00:29:41,150 --> 00:29:45,820
taarifa katika safu hii ya katikati tuna wazo hili la idadi

556
00:29:45,820 --> 00:29:46,860
ikifuatiwa na barua.

557
00:29:46,860 --> 00:29:48,640
Na saa ya juu tuna 32.

558
00:29:48,640 --> 00:29:53,270
Na tabia, char, ambayo 32, integer, inahusu

559
00:29:53,270 --> 00:29:55,220
inaonekana Bar Space tabia.

560
00:29:55,220 --> 00:29:57,350
Wakati wewe hit Bar Space tabia juu ya Laptop yako,

561
00:29:57,350 --> 00:30:00,110
vizuri, nini wewe kweli ni kutuma idadi, muundo

562
00:30:00,110 --> 00:30:02,620
ya sekunde 0 na 1s, mtiririko wa umeme kama wewe,

563
00:30:02,620 --> 00:30:05,630
anayewakilisha wale sekunde 0 na 1s kwamba kompyuta kisha

564
00:30:05,630 --> 00:30:08,190
anatafsiri kama tabia nafasi kwenye screen.

565
00:30:08,190 --> 00:30:10,070
uhakika Moderators ni 33.

566
00:30:10,070 --> 00:30:11,210
Quotes Double ni 34.

567
00:30:11,210 --> 00:30:14,890
Na kama sisi kitabu chini hapa juu ya haki, tunaona kwamba

568
00:30:14,890 --> 00:30:18,840
65 ni kweli, na 97 ni kweli Herufi za chini.

569
00:30:18,840 --> 00:30:21,690
>> Na hivyo sasa kwamba tuna mpango huu encoding, tunaweza kuanza

570
00:30:21,690 --> 00:30:22,920
Spell mambo ya nje.

571
00:30:22,920 --> 00:30:27,180
Hakika, kompyuta kawaida kujieleza katika kiwango

572
00:30:27,180 --> 00:30:29,980
vitengo, si kwa kutumia kidogo ya mtu binafsi, ambayo tena ni si wote

573
00:30:29,980 --> 00:30:33,630
kwamba manufaa tu kuwakilisha taa 0 au 1, juu au mbali, lakini

574
00:30:33,630 --> 00:30:35,390
badala kutumia mchanganyiko wa bits.

575
00:30:35,390 --> 00:30:37,610
Na kitengo cha kawaida zaidi ya kipimo, kama pengine kujua

576
00:30:37,610 --> 00:30:39,370
na au angalau inferred, ni Byte.

577
00:30:39,370 --> 00:30:43,820
Byte ni nane tu bits, sekunde 0 nane au 1s katika mstari.

578
00:30:43,820 --> 00:30:45,950
Hivyo tunaweza kuanza kuzungumzia mambo ya nje.

579
00:30:45,950 --> 00:30:48,990
Na hivyo, kama tunaweza, kwa nini kujaribu hii kidogo kidogo

580
00:30:48,990 --> 00:30:50,440
pamoja hapa.

581
00:30:50,440 --> 00:30:53,630
Je, kuna watu nane katika chumba hiki ambao wangekuwa tayari

582
00:30:53,630 --> 00:30:54,660
kuja kwenye hatua?

583
00:30:54,660 --> 00:30:57,790
Wewe kuwa starehe ya kuonekana kwenye kamera, lakini wewe

584
00:30:57,790 --> 00:30:59,860
si kweli haja ya kujua, vinginevyo, nini

585
00:30:59,860 --> 00:31:01,550
kinachoendelea bado tu.

586
00:31:01,550 --> 00:31:05,080
Mimi naona mtu mmoja kuwa alijitolea zaidi ya hapa.

587
00:31:05,080 --> 00:31:16,220
Mbili, tatu, nne, tano, sita, saba, na vipi kuhusu nane.

588
00:31:16,220 --> 00:31:16,800
Kuja juu juu.

589
00:31:16,800 --> 00:31:20,390
>> Hivyo wewe ni kuhusu kuwakilisha Byte ya watu.

590
00:31:20,390 --> 00:31:26,750
Hebu wewe kuwa mahali 128, wewe 64 ya mahali,

591
00:31:26,750 --> 00:31:28,050
32 ya mahali.

592
00:31:28,050 --> 00:31:30,530
Lakini sisi ni gonna haraka sana na kwa reverse hii.

593
00:31:30,530 --> 00:31:33,030
Hivyo basi mimi kukutana na wewe wote pale.

594
00:31:33,030 --> 00:31:37,230
Na unapaswa kuwa katika nafasi ya 128 wa njia yote juu hapa.

595
00:31:37,230 --> 00:31:39,500
Kiasi kama mahali mamia na maelfu mahali ingekuwa

596
00:31:39,500 --> 00:31:42,050
kuwa mbali zaidi kwa upande wa kushoto, tunataka placeholder kubwa

597
00:31:42,050 --> 00:31:43,600
kuwa hapa juu ya kushoto kama vile.

598
00:31:43,600 --> 00:31:53,090
Tuna 64s wa 32, 16 ya, 8 wa, 4 wa, 2, na 1 ya.

599
00:31:53,090 --> 00:31:53,900
Bora.

600
00:31:53,900 --> 00:31:56,090
Hivyo basi, tuna -

601
00:31:56,090 --> 00:31:58,050
OK, unaweza kunisaidia.

602
00:31:58,050 --> 00:32:00,085
Hivyo basi, tuna - nini jina lako?

603
00:32:00,085 --> 00:32:00,420
Joanne: Joanne.

604
00:32:00,420 --> 00:32:00,830
DAVID J. Malan: Joanne.

605
00:32:00,830 --> 00:32:04,100
Hivyo Joanne na mimi sasa kwenda kushauri guys haya juu ya jinsi sisi

606
00:32:04,100 --> 00:32:05,860
unaweza kwenda katika kuendeleza kitu nje.

607
00:32:05,860 --> 00:32:07,730
Hivyo juu ya migongo ya shuka yao ya karatasi, wana

608
00:32:07,730 --> 00:32:10,160
kidogo kudanganya karatasi ambayo inaenda kuwaambia kama

609
00:32:10,160 --> 00:32:12,590
walikuwa anayewakilisha 0 au 1.

610
00:32:12,590 --> 00:32:15,870
Na kwa nini si kwa unyenyekevu, tutaweza kuwakilisha 0 na tu

611
00:32:15,870 --> 00:32:17,440
amesimama awkwardly.

612
00:32:17,440 --> 00:32:18,220
Nzuri sana.

613
00:32:18,220 --> 00:32:22,060
Au 1 kwa kuongeza mkono wako, anayewakilisha 1.

614
00:32:22,060 --> 00:32:25,430
Na hebu angalia kama hatuwezi Spell nje tabia nne

615
00:32:25,430 --> 00:32:26,250
maneno hapa.

616
00:32:26,250 --> 00:32:30,930
>> Hivyo, kwenda mbele sasa, kujitolea, na nitafanya moja pande zote na

617
00:32:30,930 --> 00:32:33,390
kuongeza mkono wako kama wewe ni 1 au kuweka

618
00:32:33,390 --> 00:32:36,820
chini kama wewe ni 0.

619
00:32:36,820 --> 00:32:42,280
Hiyo, sasa tuna mikono hizi tatu, kitu ambacho idadi,

620
00:32:42,280 --> 00:32:45,670
kila mtu mwingine, ni wao alimwakilisha?

621
00:32:45,670 --> 00:32:45,950
OK.

622
00:32:45,950 --> 00:32:46,290
67.

623
00:32:46,290 --> 00:32:46,910
Kwa nini?

624
00:32:46,910 --> 00:32:47,830
Naam, sanity haraka kuangalia.

625
00:32:47,830 --> 00:32:53,200
Mahali 64, kwa sababu ni 1, hiyo ni kama 1 mara 64 plus 1

626
00:32:53,200 --> 00:32:56,565
mara 2, hivyo ndiyo 66 plus 1 mara 1.

627
00:32:56,565 --> 00:32:58,470
Hiyo ni pamoja na 1, hivyo 67.

628
00:32:58,470 --> 00:33:01,020
Hivyo sasa guys hawa ni pamoja anayewakilisha 67

629
00:33:01,020 --> 00:33:04,110
ambayo inaonekana inawakilisha nini hapa katika ASCII?

630
00:33:04,110 --> 00:33:04,380
OK.

631
00:33:04,380 --> 00:33:05,140
Hivyo c.

632
00:33:05,140 --> 00:33:05,510
Wote haki.

633
00:33:05,510 --> 00:33:07,400
Hivyo sasa hebu kuendelea kwa pande zote mbili.

634
00:33:07,400 --> 00:33:08,940
Kila mtu kwa kuanzia na mikono yao chini.

635
00:33:08,940 --> 00:33:10,590
Na katika pande zote mbili -

636
00:33:10,590 --> 00:33:12,410
kweli kuna mengi si ya jukumu hapa, nadhani, lakini

637
00:33:12,410 --> 00:33:13,130
tutaweza kujifanya.

638
00:33:13,130 --> 00:33:17,690
Hivyo pande zote mbili, kuongeza au kupunguza mikono yako.

639
00:33:17,690 --> 00:33:18,380
>> Wote haki.

640
00:33:18,380 --> 00:33:22,700
Watazamaji, ni nini sisi sasa ni kuonyesha 83.

641
00:33:22,700 --> 00:33:23,910
Hivyo unaweza kufanya hisabati.

642
00:33:23,910 --> 00:33:27,000
Lakini kwa mtu yeyote ambaye ni mkono up, wewe kuongeza katika idadi hiyo

643
00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:27,670
wanaowawakilisha.

644
00:33:27,670 --> 00:33:29,470
Hivyo basi, tuna 83.

645
00:33:29,470 --> 00:33:32,140
Hebu kupanua karatasi ya kudanganya kidogo, na sasa tuna -?

646
00:33:32,140 --> 00:33:34,340
[Inaudible]

647
00:33:34,340 --> 00:33:35,370
DAVID J. Malan: OK.

648
00:33:35,370 --> 00:33:36,740
Hii inaweza kuwa dhahiri ambapo tunakwenda hapa, lakini

649
00:33:36,740 --> 00:33:40,080
hata hivyo, pande zote tatu.

650
00:33:40,080 --> 00:33:40,455
OK.

651
00:33:40,455 --> 00:33:41,730
Raundi ya tatu ni vizuri kwenda chini huko.

652
00:33:41,730 --> 00:33:44,450
Hivyo pande zote tatu, nini idadi ni haya guys sasa

653
00:33:44,450 --> 00:33:45,700
anayewakilisha?

654
00:33:47,940 --> 00:33:48,200
OK.

655
00:33:48,200 --> 00:33:51,770
Nikasikia 53, ambayo sasa inawakilisha?

656
00:33:51,770 --> 00:33:54,550
Kuvutia.

657
00:33:54,550 --> 00:33:58,630
Sasa kwa nini hii aina ya matokeo counter Intuitive, haki?

658
00:33:58,630 --> 00:34:00,890
Kama tunataka kuwakilisha 5 - sisi wote pengine kujua

659
00:34:00,890 --> 00:34:01,770
ambapo hii ni kwenda -

660
00:34:01,770 --> 00:34:05,230
nini si mimi tu kuongeza nafasi 4 na mahali 1 wa?

661
00:34:05,230 --> 00:34:07,340
>> Naam, kutambua kwamba kuna tofauti, kimsingi,

662
00:34:07,340 --> 00:34:09,630
kati ya jinsi ya kompyuta anatafsiri bits haya.

663
00:34:09,630 --> 00:34:13,030
Kama wewe ni kujaribu kuwakilisha idadi 5, kisha kabisa,

664
00:34:13,030 --> 00:34:16,199
sisi tu kuinua mkono namba 4 na kuinua mkono namba 1.

665
00:34:16,199 --> 00:34:17,880
Lakini sisi siyo anayewakilisha namba hapa.

666
00:34:17,880 --> 00:34:20,710
muktadha hapa juu ya hatua ni kwamba sisi ni anayewakilisha

667
00:34:20,710 --> 00:34:22,300
wahusika, au chars.

668
00:34:22,300 --> 00:34:25,139
Na katika muktadha huu ina kompyuta kutambua kwamba,

669
00:34:25,139 --> 00:34:28,780
oh, muundo huu wa bits ni si idadi peke yake, ni

670
00:34:28,780 --> 00:34:31,620
alimwakilisha ngazi za juu dhana, katika kesi hii

671
00:34:31,620 --> 00:34:32,840
alfabeti barua.

672
00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:36,600
Hivyo ukweli kwamba ni sasa anayewakilisha namba 5 na

673
00:34:36,600 --> 00:34:40,550
thamani ya 53 ni kwa sababu katika jambo ASCII sisi

674
00:34:40,550 --> 00:34:44,280
aesthetically kuona kama idadi 5 yenyewe inahitaji

675
00:34:44,280 --> 00:34:45,290
mfano wa sarafu.

676
00:34:45,290 --> 00:34:46,080
Kwa sababu kwa nini?

677
00:34:46,080 --> 00:34:48,780
Naam, ulimwengu tu aliamua kutumia idadi ya chini, 0,

678
00:34:48,780 --> 00:34:51,989
1, 2, 3, kwa nini kuangalia kuwa haki cryptic mambo.

679
00:34:51,989 --> 00:34:54,070
Na kwa kweli, hizi ni wahusika kuwa ni si juu ya

680
00:34:54,070 --> 00:34:56,870
keyboard, maalum misemo ambayo unahitaji katika kompyuta

681
00:34:56,870 --> 00:34:58,800
kufanya mambo ya kuvutia, lakini binadamu kamwe

682
00:34:58,800 --> 00:34:59,880
kweli aina yao.

683
00:34:59,880 --> 00:35:02,080
Hivyo kweli inawakilisha 53 5.

684
00:35:02,080 --> 00:35:08,320
Sasa, kama hundi ya mwisho sanity, nini idadi lazima wao

685
00:35:08,320 --> 00:35:10,356
kuwakilisha katika muda tu?

686
00:35:10,356 --> 00:35:10,752
Watazamaji: 48.

687
00:35:10,752 --> 00:35:11,150
DAVID J. Malan: OK.

688
00:35:11,150 --> 00:35:11,920
Hivyo 48.

689
00:35:11,920 --> 00:35:12,770
Na kwa kweli, kwenda mbele.

690
00:35:12,770 --> 00:35:14,020
Duru nne.

691
00:35:16,510 --> 00:35:20,540
16 plus 32 ni kweli, 48.

692
00:35:20,540 --> 00:35:22,830
Na hivyo duru kubwa ya applause, kama tunaweza, kwa wetu

693
00:35:22,830 --> 00:35:25,382
nane kujitolea hapa.

694
00:35:25,382 --> 00:35:25,870
Shukrani.

695
00:35:25,870 --> 00:35:27,822
Unaweza kuweka hii moja.

696
00:35:27,822 --> 00:35:29,286
Kama wewe -

697
00:35:29,286 --> 00:35:30,536
Vizuri sana kufanyika.

698
00:35:33,140 --> 00:35:34,360
Mwelekeo wowote ni faini.

699
00:35:34,360 --> 00:35:37,950
>> Hivyo, sisi sasa kuwa na njia si tu wa kufikiri kuhusu jinsi ya

700
00:35:37,950 --> 00:35:40,810
kuwakilisha data na alimwakilisha ni kimwili,

701
00:35:40,810 --> 00:35:43,650
lakini pia kufanya mambo ngazi ya juu juu yake.

702
00:35:43,650 --> 00:35:45,640
Hakika, huu ni kwenda kuwa mandhari katika kompyuta

703
00:35:45,640 --> 00:35:48,630
sayansi ya kujenga zaidi na zaidi ya kuvutia tata

704
00:35:48,630 --> 00:35:52,170
mambo juu ya mawazo haki rahisi, katika hii

705
00:35:52,170 --> 00:35:54,040
kesi tu sekunde 0 na 1s.

706
00:35:54,040 --> 00:35:57,270
Katika suala la nini hii ni muhimu, vizuri ingawa katika

707
00:35:57,270 --> 00:35:59,760
Bila shaka kama hii tutaweza kuzingatia misingi na juu ya

708
00:35:59,760 --> 00:36:03,120
programu na juu ya kutatua matatizo ya, unaweza kwenda mbali katika

709
00:36:03,120 --> 00:36:04,970
sayansi ya kompyuta katika idadi yoyote ya maelekezo.

710
00:36:04,970 --> 00:36:07,600
Katika kesi hii hapa, hii ni chati kuwa una

711
00:36:07,600 --> 00:36:11,120
nyuma ukurasa wa mwongozo wako yasiyokuwa rasmi ya CS katika Harvard, mmoja wa

712
00:36:11,120 --> 00:36:12,450
leo mawili ya nakala zake.

713
00:36:12,450 --> 00:36:14,270
Hii inaonyesha wengi mwelekeo tofauti ambayo

714
00:36:14,270 --> 00:36:16,270
unaweza kwenda baada ya shaka kama hii.

715
00:36:16,270 --> 00:36:19,170
Kujifunza juu ya akili bandia, kuhusu graphics,

716
00:36:19,170 --> 00:36:22,230
juu ya kujifunza mashine, kuhusu lugha yenyewe.

717
00:36:22,230 --> 00:36:23,975
Kutambua, pia kwamba kuna bado njia nyingine.

718
00:36:23,975 --> 00:36:26,550
Kuna njia zaidi ya hisabati katika sayansi ya kompyuta.

719
00:36:26,550 --> 00:36:29,020
Kama huna hata uwezo wa kuchukua kitu kama CS50 hii

720
00:36:29,020 --> 00:36:30,930
kuanguka, kuna utangulizi kozi ya spring.

721
00:36:30,930 --> 00:36:33,420
Sayansi ya Kompyuta 1, kwa mfano, bado mwingine

722
00:36:33,420 --> 00:36:35,920
juu ya-njia panda ya dunia hii mpya.

723
00:36:35,920 --> 00:36:38,230
>> Sasa kama kando kwa maslahi ya kutatua matatizo

724
00:36:38,230 --> 00:36:41,380
kuhusiana na kozi, kutambua kwamba CS50 kuweka nje baadhi ya wakati

725
00:36:41,380 --> 00:36:44,405
iliyopita kujaribu kutatua moja ya matatizo haya, tatizo inayojulikana

726
00:36:44,405 --> 00:36:47,500
kama my.harvard, ambayo wengi wa unaweza kutumia kwa kweli

727
00:36:47,500 --> 00:36:48,480
duka kwa ajili ya kozi.

728
00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:51,900
Lakini kama si, angalia chombo kama hiki, kama vile wengine

729
00:36:51,900 --> 00:36:54,130
wazao kwamba baadhi ya wanafunzi yetu ya zamani

730
00:36:54,130 --> 00:36:55,660
na wafanyakazi waumba.

731
00:36:55,660 --> 00:36:57,970
Lakini katika Kozi Harvard, ambayo ni chombo mtandao msingi -

732
00:36:57,970 --> 00:37:00,680
kitu ambacho utakuwa na uwezo wa kubuni na

733
00:37:00,680 --> 00:37:04,610
kupeleka mwenyewe, kama vile bado mambo mengine pia, kwa

734
00:37:04,610 --> 00:37:05,920
mwisho wa muhula.

735
00:37:05,920 --> 00:37:08,890
Kutambua kwamba hii hujenga juu ya kuweka wazi data, katika kesi hii

736
00:37:08,890 --> 00:37:11,350
catalog shaka, na inaruhusu wanafunzi katika kesi hii kwa

737
00:37:11,350 --> 00:37:14,180
kuchunguza data uungwana tata ya kuweka.

738
00:37:14,180 --> 00:37:16,710
>> Sisi akachimba up jana usiku takwimu chache msingi chache

739
00:37:16,710 --> 00:37:18,200
elfu folks ambao wamekuwa wakitumia huu zaidi ya

740
00:37:18,200 --> 00:37:19,380
siku chache zilizopita.

741
00:37:19,380 --> 00:37:22,630
Kama tumekuwa curious kujua jinsi wengi kozi rafiki yako

742
00:37:22,630 --> 00:37:25,900
kweli huwa na duka, vizuri, leo data ni unaonyesha kwamba

743
00:37:25,900 --> 00:37:29,260
7.6 ni wastani wa idadi ya kozi

744
00:37:29,260 --> 00:37:30,470
ununuzi wa mtu orodha.

745
00:37:30,470 --> 00:37:33,730
Na sasa mimi nitakupa, pia, statistic ya wengi

746
00:37:33,730 --> 00:37:36,500
idadi ya kozi juu ya ununuzi orodha ya mtu.

747
00:37:36,500 --> 00:37:38,220
Na sisi wote pengine kujua mtu kama hii.

748
00:37:41,700 --> 00:37:44,610
201 ni rekodi ya mwaka huu.

749
00:37:44,610 --> 00:37:47,220
Sasa baadhi ya wanafunzi wetu wa zamani na wafanyakazi kweli

750
00:37:47,220 --> 00:37:52,210
kuweka pamoja picha ya video kwa kuchora picha kwa ajili yenu ya nini hii

751
00:37:52,210 --> 00:37:55,220
njia ya kompyuta sayansi na CS50 yenyewe ni.

752
00:37:55,220 --> 00:37:58,350
Hebu kwenda mbele na kuvuta, shukrani kwa Mheshimiwa Hahvahd hapa,

753
00:37:58,350 --> 00:38:02,390
video zinazozalishwa na baadhi ya watangulizi yako.

754
00:38:02,390 --> 00:38:04,680
Kama tunaweza kuweka taa kwa ajili hii.

755
00:38:07,860 --> 00:39:08,101
[VIDEO avspelning]

756
00:39:08,101 --> 00:39:11,987
[MWISHO VIDEO avspelning]

757
00:39:11,987 --> 00:39:14,160
>> SPIKA 14: (kuimba) Sisi kuchukua muda wetu na scratch baadhi,

758
00:39:14,160 --> 00:39:17,410
kwa matanzi matukio,, tunaweza mechi, kuandaa kutumia wetu

759
00:39:17,410 --> 00:39:20,370
bash, mrefu hii kuwa alizaa.

760
00:39:20,370 --> 00:39:23,970
Furaha Hacking, baadhi ya milo ya bure, mihadhara ni tu unreal,

761
00:39:23,970 --> 00:39:28,200
haki yetu ni kama mpango kubwa, kuna mambo mengi ya kuabudu.

762
00:39:28,200 --> 00:39:29,784
Nenda, Daudi Malan.

763
00:39:29,784 --> 00:39:31,810
Walkthroughs, mimi si kuziokoa.

764
00:39:31,810 --> 00:39:33,794
Ofisi ya masaa, hakuna mtu s kushindwa.

765
00:39:33,794 --> 00:39:36,274
Ambapo unafikiri wewe coding, mtoto?

766
00:39:36,274 --> 00:39:40,242
Hey, mimi tu alikutana na wewe na huyu ni mwenda wazimu,

767
00:39:40,242 --> 00:39:42,226
lakini hapa ni sababu yetu.

768
00:39:42,226 --> 00:39:44,210
Chukua CS50.

769
00:39:44,210 --> 00:39:48,674
Ni vigumu kwa haki code bila wewe, mtoto.

770
00:39:48,674 --> 00:39:50,658
Lakini hapa ni sababu yetu.

771
00:39:50,658 --> 00:39:52,146
Chukua CS50.

772
00:39:52,146 --> 00:39:56,610
Hey, mimi tu alikutana na wewe na huyu ni mwenda wazimu,

773
00:39:56,610 --> 00:39:58,098
lakini hapa ni sababu yetu.

774
00:39:58,098 --> 00:40:00,082
Chukua CS50.

775
00:40:00,082 --> 00:40:06,530
Na kila kampuni nyota anataka kuajiri mimi, sababu nyingine.

776
00:40:06,530 --> 00:40:08,018
Chukua CS50.

777
00:40:08,018 --> 00:40:12,978
Kabla ya kufika katika maisha yangu, mimi coded hivyo mbaya, mimi coded hivyo

778
00:40:12,978 --> 00:40:15,954
mbaya, mimi coded hivyo, hivyo mbaya.

779
00:40:15,954 --> 00:40:19,922
Kabla ya kufika katika maisha yangu, mimi coded hivyo mbaya

780
00:40:19,922 --> 00:40:22,402
na siwezi kurudi nyuma.

781
00:40:22,402 --> 00:40:37,410
Chukua CS50.

782
00:40:37,410 --> 00:40:40,490
>> DAVID J. Malan: Mimi nilikuwa na wazo kwamba alikuwa anaenda kutokea.

783
00:40:40,490 --> 00:40:44,030
Hivyo, kuangalia mbaya zaidi katika kile uongo mbele.

784
00:40:44,030 --> 00:40:45,980
Hivyo katika suala la matarajio ya kozi hii,

785
00:40:45,980 --> 00:40:48,490
wewe ni kweli wanatarajiwa kuhudhuria au kutazama ya kozi

786
00:40:48,490 --> 00:40:51,600
mihadhara, kuwasilisha kuweka tatizo, kuchukua mbili Quizzes, kuwasilisha

787
00:40:51,600 --> 00:40:52,590
mradi wa mwisho.

788
00:40:52,590 --> 00:40:56,250
Katika suala la darasa, kutambua kwamba maoni yangu katika ufunguzi

789
00:40:56,250 --> 00:40:58,190
kuhusu kupita / kushindwa, kitu ambacho sisi sana kuchukua ili

790
00:40:58,190 --> 00:40:59,310
moyo katika CS50.

791
00:40:59,310 --> 00:41:02,970
Kuna hayatoshi ya utamaduni katika Harvard ya kujaribu

792
00:41:02,970 --> 00:41:04,940
kitu na kuhatarisha kushindwa.

793
00:41:04,940 --> 00:41:07,010
Hakika, tulikuwa na idadi ya wanafunzi, na mimi mwenyewe, katika

794
00:41:07,010 --> 00:41:09,910
fulani, ambao walikuwa na wasiwasi kuhusu kuumiza GPA yako au

795
00:41:09,910 --> 00:41:13,170
kupata B katika kitu kama CS50.

796
00:41:13,170 --> 00:41:16,250
Na fursa ya kuchukua kozi kama hii, na nyingine

797
00:41:16,250 --> 00:41:19,080
gateway kozi katika ngazi ya utangulizi, kupita / kushindwa

798
00:41:19,080 --> 00:41:22,190
ni nafasi sana isiyotumika vizuri katika chuo hiki,

799
00:41:22,190 --> 00:41:22,620
kwa ujumla.

800
00:41:22,620 --> 00:41:25,420
Na hivyo tafadhali kujua hata mimi waliojiunga katika kozi hii

801
00:41:25,420 --> 00:41:28,430
awali kwa ajili ya kupita / kushindwa mikopo peke yake.

802
00:41:28,430 --> 00:41:30,710
Na hata kama mimi kubadili mwisho wa siku, ilikuwa

803
00:41:30,710 --> 00:41:33,280
wale watano wa awali wiki, hadi Jumatatu ya tano ya

804
00:41:33,280 --> 00:41:36,020
muhula ambayo ni cutoff, kwamba kuruhusiwa yangu kwa kweli

805
00:41:36,020 --> 00:41:39,270
kuweka mguu ndani ya maji hizi mpya na kwa kweli kujaribu kitu

806
00:41:39,270 --> 00:41:41,520
sana unfamiliar na wasiwasi sana

807
00:41:41,520 --> 00:41:43,400
kwa ajili yangu kwa wakati.

808
00:41:43,400 --> 00:41:47,130
>> Hivyo katika suala, sasa, ya nini jukumu Anglès mbalimbali kupitia ambayo

809
00:41:47,130 --> 00:41:50,630
wewe unaweza mbinu shaka hii kutumika, hivyo mihadhara, ni juu

810
00:41:50,630 --> 00:41:53,330
wewe kama wewe kushiriki pamoja nasi katika mtu katika ukumbi huu.

811
00:41:53,330 --> 00:41:57,590
Hakika, tunajua kwamba kitakwimu takribani 40% ya wewe

812
00:41:57,590 --> 00:41:59,530
aina ya kuja na kwenda juu ya mwendo wa muhula.

813
00:41:59,530 --> 00:42:03,000
Na 10% ya wewe, sisi kamwe kuona tena baada ya leo.

814
00:42:03,000 --> 00:42:05,400
Na kwamba kikamilifu faini, na kuwa waaminifu.

815
00:42:05,400 --> 00:42:07,810
Moja ya tabia ya kufafanua CS50 ni

816
00:42:07,810 --> 00:42:10,160
kwamba kuna rasilimali hizi wasiohesabika, baadhi ya

817
00:42:10,160 --> 00:42:12,570
ambayo tutaweza kumkasirisha kupitia katika muda tu, ikiwa ni pamoja

818
00:42:12,570 --> 00:42:15,320
mihadhara na sehemu na mambo kuitwa walkthroughs na

819
00:42:15,320 --> 00:42:16,720
masaa ya ofisi na kama.

820
00:42:16,720 --> 00:42:18,890
Na ni zaidi kuliko rasilimali mwanafunzi typical lazima

821
00:42:18,890 --> 00:42:21,580
kuwa na au inaweza kuchukua faida ya kimwili.

822
00:42:21,580 --> 00:42:23,650
Lakini hiyo ni kwa sababu ya mitindo tofauti ya kujifunza kwamba

823
00:42:23,650 --> 00:42:25,370
yoyote mwanafunzi mwili inajidhihirisha.

824
00:42:25,370 --> 00:42:28,120
Na hivyo katika hotuba, jukumu la msingi, kama mimi kuona, ni

825
00:42:28,120 --> 00:42:31,650
si kwa maneno kushinikiza nje uungwana tata nyenzo na

826
00:42:31,650 --> 00:42:34,670
lazima kutoa yote ya ugumu wa

827
00:42:34,670 --> 00:42:36,910
misingi kwamba tutaweza kutafiti hii muhula, lakini

828
00:42:36,910 --> 00:42:39,530
badala ya kufanya mambo kama tumekuwa kufanya hivi sasa tayari,

829
00:42:39,530 --> 00:42:42,350
mifano hii, kuwashirikisha binadamu onstage, kujaribu

830
00:42:42,350 --> 00:42:45,340
kuchora picha ya akili, na pia kujenga, kuthubutu nasema, baadhi

831
00:42:45,340 --> 00:42:46,450
ya haya wakati kukumbukwa.

832
00:42:46,450 --> 00:42:49,200
Hivyo kwamba hata kama wewe mapambano na mada fulani, una

833
00:42:49,200 --> 00:42:51,770
hizi kumbukumbu kama, oh, ingawa alikuwa uungwana

834
00:42:51,770 --> 00:42:54,770
kufikirika, math, mimi yalichuliwa na kubeba 1, kama ni

835
00:42:54,770 --> 00:42:57,510
kweli, mwisho wa siku, si yote tofauti kwa

836
00:42:57,510 --> 00:42:58,920
kitu tayari najua.

837
00:42:58,920 --> 00:43:01,590
Na hivyo jukumu kwamba mihadhara kuwatumikia, aidha katika mtu

838
00:43:01,590 --> 00:43:05,120
hapa katika Sanders au online kwenye video, ni kweli kwa kuweka

839
00:43:05,120 --> 00:43:08,170
hatua ya kiakili kwa wewe kila wiki kwa ajili ya dhana mbalimbali

840
00:43:08,170 --> 00:43:10,240
na matatizo ambayo tutaweza kuwa mbizi katika.

841
00:43:10,240 --> 00:43:13,790
>> Katika suala la dhana ya ngazi ya juu, zaidi ya maneno haya

842
00:43:13,790 --> 00:43:16,340
inaweza kati yake juu ya kichwa yako kwa muda, na hiyo ni faini.

843
00:43:16,340 --> 00:43:18,495
Kwa wale ambao wanatoka katika kozi vizuri zaidi

844
00:43:18,495 --> 00:43:20,150
kujua ya baadhi ya mada hizi.

845
00:43:20,150 --> 00:43:23,150
Lakini kwa kawaida kwa kuwa 10% ya darasa kwa ajili ya ambayo wana

846
00:43:23,150 --> 00:43:25,810
zaidi background, kuchukua AP sayansi ya kompyuta,

847
00:43:25,810 --> 00:43:28,200
programu tangu walipokuwa 12, kutambua kwamba kutakuwa na

848
00:43:28,200 --> 00:43:31,230
fursa katika sehemu na katika tatizo seti kwenda wote

849
00:43:31,230 --> 00:43:34,240
zaidi ndani ya kina ndani ya mada mbalimbali, kujaza chochote

850
00:43:34,240 --> 00:43:36,710
mapengo unaweza kuwa kutoka shule yako high au kabla

851
00:43:36,710 --> 00:43:37,460
background.

852
00:43:37,460 --> 00:43:39,930
Katika suala la lugha, kutambua kwamba lugha gani sisi

853
00:43:39,930 --> 00:43:42,550
kutumia katika CS50 ni kwa kiasi kikubwa katika lisilo

854
00:43:42,550 --> 00:43:43,220
mwisho wa siku.

855
00:43:43,220 --> 00:43:47,090
Sisi kutokea kwa kutumia, kimsingi, lugha inayoitwa C. Kuelekea

856
00:43:47,090 --> 00:43:49,010
mwisho wa muhula, sisi kuanzisha mtandao centric

857
00:43:49,010 --> 00:43:51,110
lugha kama PHP na javascript.

858
00:43:51,110 --> 00:43:54,280
Lakini sisi na wengine inaweza kufundisha kozi kama hii katika yoyote zaidi

859
00:43:54,280 --> 00:43:55,610
kisasa wa ngazi za juu wa lugha.

860
00:43:55,610 --> 00:43:58,520
Chatu na Ruby na wengine ni maarufu kabisa siku hizi.

861
00:43:58,520 --> 00:44:00,970
Kwa sababu kutambua mwisho wa siku, wewe si kujifunza

862
00:44:00,970 --> 00:44:04,180
C. katika kozi hii Wewe si kujifunza PHP au JavaScript.

863
00:44:04,180 --> 00:44:07,140
Wewe ni kujifunza jinsi ya kutatua matatizo, kama mtandao msingi,

864
00:44:07,140 --> 00:44:10,480
kompyuta-msingi, au data-oriented yenyewe, kwa kutumia

865
00:44:10,480 --> 00:44:12,700
haya tu kama zana.

866
00:44:12,700 --> 00:44:14,730
>> Sasa, katika upande wa vifaa, itabidi kutumia

867
00:44:14,730 --> 00:44:16,670
kitu, hatimaye, iitwayo Appliance CS50.

868
00:44:16,670 --> 00:44:19,350
Haijalishi kama una Mac, PC, kompyuta Linux,

869
00:44:19,350 --> 00:44:20,010
au kama.

870
00:44:20,010 --> 00:44:22,510
Itabidi uhuru inapatikana programu kuanzia wiki ijayo

871
00:44:22,510 --> 00:44:25,460
na ambayo kwa kutumia Appliance CS50, virtual

872
00:44:25,460 --> 00:44:28,020
mazingira utakayoitumia kwenye kompyuta yako mwenyewe ili

873
00:44:28,020 --> 00:44:31,120
na wote wa wanafunzi wako kuwa sare Linux desktop

874
00:44:31,120 --> 00:44:31,890
katika kesi hii.

875
00:44:31,890 --> 00:44:34,390
Ni seti tatizo, ingawa, ambayo itabidi kweli kupata

876
00:44:34,390 --> 00:44:35,780
mikono yako chafu katika shaka.

877
00:44:35,780 --> 00:44:37,630
Na mwisho wa siku, ni seti tatizo, mimi

878
00:44:37,630 --> 00:44:39,680
kufikiri, kwamba kweli define ya mwanafunzi

879
00:44:39,680 --> 00:44:41,380
uzoefu katika kozi hii.

880
00:44:41,380 --> 00:44:43,460
Kutambua kwamba wengi wa seti tatizo itakuwa iliyotolewa

881
00:44:43,460 --> 00:44:46,430
katika matoleo mawili, Aidha kiwango kwamba sisi kutarajia na

882
00:44:46,430 --> 00:44:49,550
kuhimiza 90% ya darasa kwa kupiga mbizi katika.

883
00:44:49,550 --> 00:44:51,620
Lakini sisi pia kutolewa seti baadhi tatizo katika

884
00:44:51,620 --> 00:44:52,920
kinachojulikana hacker nyongeza.

885
00:44:52,920 --> 00:44:54,900
Na unajua ni Aidha hacker sababu katika ukurasa wa kila

886
00:44:54,900 --> 00:44:57,840
na watermark inasema hacker Aidha juu yake.

887
00:44:57,840 --> 00:45:00,000
Na kwamba ni kwa ajili ya hii kidemografia mlio na AP

888
00:45:00,000 --> 00:45:02,890
sayansi ya kompyuta na miaka 10 ya programu chini ya ukanda yako

889
00:45:02,890 --> 00:45:05,640
na ni kuangalia na kujaza mapengo hayo na kuwa rasmi zaidi,

890
00:45:05,640 --> 00:45:07,370
badala ya ubinafsi-inamruhusu, mafunzo, pengine.

891
00:45:07,370 --> 00:45:10,410
Kutambua kwamba kuna idadi ya watu sana kikubwa katika

892
00:45:10,410 --> 00:45:13,090
darasa kwamba ina usahihi kwamba lengo moja.

893
00:45:13,090 --> 00:45:14,320
Itabidi tano marehemu siku.

894
00:45:14,320 --> 00:45:16,490
Tatizo ni seti ujumla kutokana Alhamisi, lakini unaweza

895
00:45:16,490 --> 00:45:18,440
kupanua tano ya muda uliopangwa wale kutumia hizi

896
00:45:18,440 --> 00:45:19,700
mambo kuitwa marehemu siku.

897
00:45:19,700 --> 00:45:22,590
Na tutaweza pia kuacha alama yako ya chini mwishoni mwa

898
00:45:22,590 --> 00:45:25,400
muhula kwa maelezo katika mtaala.

899
00:45:25,400 --> 00:45:27,800
>> Lakini mwingine tabia ya kufafanua CS50 juu ya

900
00:45:27,800 --> 00:45:29,830
miaka imekuwa ofisi masaa.

901
00:45:29,830 --> 00:45:32,720
Ni fursa ulizoziona katika kuibua photos kidogo

902
00:45:32,720 --> 00:45:35,850
iliyopita ambayo sisi kukusanya - awali katika dining nyumba

903
00:45:35,850 --> 00:45:37,780
kumbi, kabla ya kuwa katika basement ya Sayansi

904
00:45:37,780 --> 00:45:40,310
Center, na mwaka huu katika Annenberg Hall - nne usiku

905
00:45:40,310 --> 00:45:43,330
wiki kutoka mchana 8:00 mchana kwa 11:00 ambapo itabidi hii sana

906
00:45:43,330 --> 00:45:46,320
sana pamoja na uzoefu wa kazi, wanajitahidi

907
00:45:46,320 --> 00:45:49,300
kupitia, baadhi ya matatizo, lakini kwa msaada mkubwa

908
00:45:49,300 --> 00:45:50,380
muundo katika mahali.

909
00:45:50,380 --> 00:45:53,180
Kwa hakika, njia hii kazi ni wewe utakuwa kuwasili katika Annenberg

910
00:45:53,180 --> 00:45:55,160
kama una baadhi ya swali wakati wa wiki, itabidi kuleta

911
00:45:55,160 --> 00:45:58,060
Laptop yako, itabidi kukaa chini, kunyakua baadhi ya chakula, na wewe utakuwa kuingia

912
00:45:58,060 --> 00:46:01,520
ndani ya CS50 Diskutera, shirika mtandao msingi kwamba mafundisho

913
00:46:01,520 --> 00:46:04,480
wafanyakazi ina maendeleo ambayo itaruhusu wewe post maswali

914
00:46:04,480 --> 00:46:07,910
na kuona kufuata-ups katika jukwaa typical majadiliano

915
00:46:07,910 --> 00:46:10,550
maana, kwa kutumia maandiko na kama na auto kamili kwa

916
00:46:10,550 --> 00:46:11,680
kutafuta data.

917
00:46:11,680 --> 00:46:14,850
Lakini utasikia pia kuwa na uwezo wa wakati wa saa za ofisi

918
00:46:14,850 --> 00:46:16,980
masaa, kuwa maswali yako ilienea kwa

919
00:46:16,980 --> 00:46:18,360
halisi binadamu.

920
00:46:18,360 --> 00:46:21,430
Hakika, lengo ni hatimaye ili moja, sisi kuanza kujenga

921
00:46:21,430 --> 00:46:24,040
juu ya kozi ya muhula Corpus ya hopefully

922
00:46:24,040 --> 00:46:26,970
muhimu kweli kweli habari, ya kawaida majibu ya kawaida

923
00:46:26,970 --> 00:46:29,640
maswali, hivyo kuwa wewe mwenyewe anaweza kutatua matatizo

924
00:46:29,640 --> 00:46:33,490
na kupata unstuck haraka iwezekanavyo, lakini wakati akiwa

925
00:46:33,490 --> 00:46:37,210
kufundisha wafanyakazi, kwa kawaida 20-30 ya wenzake mafundisho na

926
00:46:37,210 --> 00:46:39,660
Bila shaka wasaidizi, juu ya wafanyakazi kwa mara moja.

927
00:46:39,660 --> 00:46:42,420
>> Tutakuwa na kile kinachoitwa Greeter CS50 katika Annenberg.

928
00:46:42,420 --> 00:46:46,710
Na wakati sisi kuamua kwamba, unajua nini, swali hili,

929
00:46:46,710 --> 00:46:48,780
kweli hatuwezi kujibu kwa ufanisi online.

930
00:46:48,780 --> 00:46:49,800
Tunataka kuona kompyuta yako.

931
00:46:49,800 --> 00:46:50,710
Tunataka kuzungumza na wewe mmoja kwa mmoja.

932
00:46:50,710 --> 00:46:51,340
On moja.

933
00:46:51,340 --> 00:46:53,400
Wewe ni kweli wanajitahidi na wewe, kwa hiyo, wanataka kuzungumza

934
00:46:53,400 --> 00:46:56,010
mmoja kwa moja sambamba mtu, wewe utakuwa dispatched

935
00:46:56,010 --> 00:46:58,730
CS50 Greeter, wenzake mafundisho kuikopesha, literally,

936
00:46:58,730 --> 00:47:01,770
iPad kwamba ana majina ya wanafunzi kwa upande mmoja, kufundisha wafanyakazi wa

937
00:47:01,770 --> 00:47:02,790
majina kwa upande mwingine.

938
00:47:02,790 --> 00:47:04,760
Sisi bonyeza jina yako ikifuatiwa na jina la

939
00:47:04,760 --> 00:47:06,860
kufundisha wafanyakazi, na skrini ya kompyuta yako itaanza

940
00:47:06,860 --> 00:47:11,170
blinking akisema tafadhali kwenda kuona Alice au tafadhali kwenda kuona Bob katika

941
00:47:11,170 --> 00:47:11,980
meza wafanyakazi.

942
00:47:11,980 --> 00:47:14,450
Na hivyo kwa njia hii, tutakuwa na uwezo wa kupeleka mambo kama

943
00:47:14,450 --> 00:47:17,610
ufanisi kama iwezekanavyo, kama vile kuongoza wewe kuelekea

944
00:47:17,610 --> 00:47:19,910
ufumbuzi wote kwa urahisi zaidi.

945
00:47:19,910 --> 00:47:22,970
Katika sehemu, haya itakuwa fursa kwa zaidi

946
00:47:22,970 --> 00:47:25,570
ionekane mikono juu ya fursa na moja ya

947
00:47:25,570 --> 00:47:29,040
mafundisho wenzake na 12 hadi 16 au zaidi ya classmates wako katika

948
00:47:29,040 --> 00:47:31,900
ambayo kila wiki tutaweza kuwa na matatizo katika kuweka tatizo

949
00:47:31,900 --> 00:47:33,800
kwamba kuuliza maswali kadhaa wa dhana na

950
00:47:33,800 --> 00:47:35,740
idadi ya maswali ya programu kidogo ukubwa wa kwamba wewe

951
00:47:35,740 --> 00:47:37,690
inaweza kufikiri juu yako mwenyewe, na unaweza kazi yako

952
00:47:37,690 --> 00:47:40,020
mwenyewe, lakini katika mazingira ya sehemu ambapo sisi kazi kwa njia ya

953
00:47:40,020 --> 00:47:42,870
pamoja na baadhi ya matatizo hayo na kwenda wapi

954
00:47:42,870 --> 00:47:44,570
mazungumzo mbalimbali inachukua sisi.

955
00:47:44,570 --> 00:47:48,010
>> Aidha, katika sehemu ya mapenzi una fursa

956
00:47:48,010 --> 00:47:50,450
mapitio ya maoni ya homework kwamba kiunda, yako

957
00:47:50,450 --> 00:47:53,620
wanafunzi, wakati mwingine anonymized, daima kupitia opt-katika

958
00:47:53,620 --> 00:47:55,810
kama ungependa kushiriki kazi ambayo umefanya in.

959
00:47:55,810 --> 00:47:58,030
Hivyo itakuwa kweli kuwa mazungumzo mbili-directional,

960
00:47:58,030 --> 00:48:00,840
fursa ya kazi yako mwenyewe katika zaidi sana

961
00:48:00,840 --> 00:48:04,080
nguvu hisia, badala ya kuangalia PDF au

962
00:48:04,080 --> 00:48:06,920
printout na kufikiri kuhusu hilo kwa sekunde chache na si

963
00:48:06,920 --> 00:48:08,920
lazima absorbing maoni kwamba mafundisho

964
00:48:08,920 --> 00:48:10,150
wafanyakazi zinazotolewa.

965
00:48:10,150 --> 00:48:12,540
Na wewe utakuwa kutumia zana hapa aitwaye CS50 Spaces.

966
00:48:12,540 --> 00:48:15,670
Kwa wale unfamiliar, hii ni lugha inayojulikana kama C saa ya juu

967
00:48:15,670 --> 00:48:17,500
kushoto, na utapata kujua hii wakati juu.

968
00:48:17,500 --> 00:48:19,640
Lakini hii ni shirika la mtandao msingi kwamba tutaweza kutumia katika

969
00:48:19,640 --> 00:48:22,310
sehemu ambayo itawawezesha na 15 wako au hivyo wanafunzi

970
00:48:22,310 --> 00:48:24,100
kuingia kwa mafundisho wenzako katika

971
00:48:24,100 --> 00:48:24,980
mbele ya chumba.

972
00:48:24,980 --> 00:48:26,750
Wewe utakuwa na uwezo wa kuandika code katika dirisha hili.

973
00:48:26,750 --> 00:48:28,720
Wewe utakuwa na uwezo wa kuzungumza kielektroniki, kama wewe si

974
00:48:28,720 --> 00:48:30,930
hasa katika sehemu kwa wakati fulani.

975
00:48:30,930 --> 00:48:33,940
Na yako mafundisho wenzake, linapokuja wakati wa kujadili

976
00:48:33,940 --> 00:48:38,645
Alice au Bob ufumbuzi katika darasa, kufundisha wenzao wanaweza

977
00:48:38,645 --> 00:48:41,380
bonyeza kifungo na voilà, mradi kwenye screen,

978
00:48:41,380 --> 00:48:44,250
chochote kile mwanafunzi imekuwa kazi katika fulani

979
00:48:44,250 --> 00:48:44,990
kumweka katika wakati.

980
00:48:44,990 --> 00:48:47,130
Hivyo kwa wale ambao wamekuwa marafiki ambao wamechukua CS50 katika

981
00:48:47,130 --> 00:48:49,750
uliopita, kutambua kwamba sehemu wamekuwa kiasi kikubwa

982
00:48:49,750 --> 00:48:52,600
rebooted mwaka huu ili kuwa hai zaidi ya yote, wote zaidi

983
00:48:52,600 --> 00:48:55,960
nguvu, na kwa kweli mazungumzo ya pande mbili kati ya mafundisho

984
00:48:55,960 --> 00:48:58,190
wafanyakazi na wanafunzi.

985
00:48:58,190 --> 00:48:59,020
>> Na walkthroughs.

986
00:48:59,020 --> 00:49:01,560
Hivyo kwa seti hizi tatizo, sisi pia kutoa si tu

987
00:49:01,560 --> 00:49:04,210
vipimo yenyewe, ambayo ni jumla ya haki za kina

988
00:49:04,210 --> 00:49:07,380
PDF, lakini pia mambo inayojulikana kama walkthroughs ambapo mtu

989
00:49:07,380 --> 00:49:11,000
mwanachama wa wafanyakazi mafundisho itasababisha kikao kila wiki

990
00:49:11,000 --> 00:49:13,210
kwamba literally matembezi yenu kupitia kuweka tatizo, kutoa

991
00:49:13,210 --> 00:49:15,720
wewe anadokeza na ushauri na pointi kuanzia na ni maana

992
00:49:15,720 --> 00:49:17,250
kuuliza aliuliza mara nyingi sana

993
00:49:17,250 --> 00:49:19,360
swali, wapi mimi kuanza?

994
00:49:19,360 --> 00:49:21,990
Naam, kuanza ama kwa mbizi katika spec juu yake

995
00:49:21,990 --> 00:49:25,100
mwenyewe au kwa kuhudhuria au kuangalia walkthroughs haya.

996
00:49:25,100 --> 00:49:27,420
walkthrough kwanza, kwa kweli, itakuwa hiyo Ijumaa.

997
00:49:27,420 --> 00:49:29,520
Wao utakuwa juu ya Ijumaa, si sana kwa sababu tunadhani utakuwa

998
00:49:29,520 --> 00:49:32,160
wakati maarufu lakini kwa sababu tunaweza basi filamu yao mapema sana

999
00:49:32,160 --> 00:49:34,380
katika wiki ya kupata yao online na mwishoni mwa wiki ili

1000
00:49:34,380 --> 00:49:37,670
na kama siku nyingi kama inawezekana kweli kwamba kushiriki katika

1001
00:49:37,670 --> 00:49:38,390
maudhui kama vile.

1002
00:49:38,390 --> 00:49:40,900
Lakini zaidi juu ya kwamba katika hotuba hii ya Ijumaa.

1003
00:49:40,900 --> 00:49:43,620
>> Sasa katika suala la muundo msaada, wengi

1004
00:49:43,620 --> 00:49:46,430
statistic muhimu ni labda mafundisho 108

1005
00:49:46,430 --> 00:49:47,950
wenzake na wasaidizi shaka kwamba hii

1006
00:49:47,950 --> 00:49:49,730
Bila shaka sasa ina.

1007
00:49:49,730 --> 00:49:52,030
Kama baadhi ya wewe ambao hawana madarasa yanayokinzana wangependa

1008
00:49:52,030 --> 00:49:55,070
kujiunga na mimi hadi hapa juu ya hatua, ni haya guys ambao mapenzi

1009
00:49:55,070 --> 00:49:57,990
hatimaye kweli define uzoefu wako katika shaka.

1010
00:50:06,750 --> 00:50:09,290
Mimi nilikuwa na mengi ya wenzake kufundisha mafundisho yangu madarasa katika

1011
00:50:09,290 --> 00:50:11,650
siku, na mimi kukumbuka sana wale wachache shahiri.

1012
00:50:11,650 --> 00:50:15,590
Lakini hadi sasa, mimi bado kukumbuka miongoni mwa wale wachache, yangu CS50 TF

1013
00:50:15,590 --> 00:50:18,100
ambao kwa kweli imenisaidia kujibu maswali, ambao kwa kweli umesaidia

1014
00:50:18,100 --> 00:50:20,690
mimi wakati mimi nilikuwa wanajitahidi, na kwa kweli alikuwa mshirika katika hii

1015
00:50:20,690 --> 00:50:23,630
uzoefu wa kujifunza dunia mpya sana.

1016
00:50:23,630 --> 00:50:26,410
Katika kidogo, wote wa guys hawa wataungana wewe nje kwa

1017
00:50:26,410 --> 00:50:29,010
keki, ambayo ni mapokeo ya CS50, katika transept ya

1018
00:50:29,010 --> 00:50:30,030
Memorial Hall.

1019
00:50:30,030 --> 00:50:32,320
>> Lakini naomba kwanza kuanzisha wewe Nate

1020
00:50:32,320 --> 00:50:35,820
Hardison, tena, Rob Bowden, na Tommy MacWilliam, hii

1021
00:50:35,820 --> 00:50:37,460
Bila shaka mwaka anaongoza.

1022
00:50:37,460 --> 00:50:39,250
Kama wewe guys ingekuwa kujiunga na mimi hapa katikati.

1023
00:50:45,250 --> 00:50:47,910
Wao wote tayari matamshi baadhi inspirational.

1024
00:50:51,540 --> 00:50:52,550
>> Tommy MACWILLIAM: sikuwa kuandaa kitu chochote

1025
00:50:52,550 --> 00:50:53,665
inspirational.

1026
00:50:53,665 --> 00:50:55,020
Lakini jina langu ni Tommy.

1027
00:50:55,020 --> 00:50:56,140
Mimi nina mwandamizi katika Mather.

1028
00:50:56,140 --> 00:50:57,325
Mimi kusoma sayansi ya kompyuta.

1029
00:50:57,325 --> 00:50:59,490
Mimi kwa kweli msisimko kuwa katika timu ua na kwenda

1030
00:50:59,490 --> 00:51:01,365
kupitia safari CS50 na wewe.

1031
00:51:01,365 --> 00:51:04,010
Nini mimi kweli upendo kuhusu CS50 ni jinsi ni kweli inafundisha

1032
00:51:04,010 --> 00:51:06,040
kufikiri juu ya matatizo katika njia mpya.

1033
00:51:06,040 --> 00:51:08,570
Hii ni kweli kwamba ujuzi gonna kuwa thawabu nyingi bila kujali

1034
00:51:08,570 --> 00:51:09,950
nini shamba kwenda katika.

1035
00:51:09,950 --> 00:51:12,660
Na si tu kwamba, lakini sisi kutoa zaidi bure pipi kuliko yoyote

1036
00:51:12,660 --> 00:51:13,910
nyingine bila shaka juu ya chuo.

1037
00:51:20,088 --> 00:51:22,210
Yeah, na hivyo mimi nina kweli kuangalia mbele kuona nini

1038
00:51:22,210 --> 00:51:23,560
kila mtu hujenga hii muhula.

1039
00:51:23,560 --> 00:51:25,730
Na kama mtu ana maswali yoyote sasa au katika

1040
00:51:25,730 --> 00:51:27,770
muhula, dhahiri jisikie huru kufikia nje kwa mimi na

1041
00:51:27,770 --> 00:51:29,020
Ningependa kuwa na furaha na kusaidia.

1042
00:51:31,450 --> 00:51:31,780
>> Rob Bowden: Hi.

1043
00:51:31,780 --> 00:51:32,530
Mimi nina Rob Bowden.

1044
00:51:32,530 --> 00:51:33,780
Mimi nina mwandamizi katika Kirkland.

1045
00:51:37,900 --> 00:51:39,760
Yeah, hiyo ni haki.

1046
00:51:39,760 --> 00:51:41,930
Sisi sote ni kweli msisimko kwa muhula huu ujao.

1047
00:51:41,930 --> 00:51:43,230
Ni matumaini yetu wewe ni msisimko wote.

1048
00:51:47,710 --> 00:51:49,410
Mimi si kutarajia kwamba.

1049
00:51:49,410 --> 00:51:50,390
Yeah.

1050
00:51:50,390 --> 00:51:52,200
Hivyo sisi kuweka sana juhudi katika kufanya hii

1051
00:51:52,200 --> 00:51:53,370
muhula kubwa kweli kweli.

1052
00:51:53,370 --> 00:51:55,960
Na kwa muda mrefu kama wewe ni tayari kuweka katika juhudi, kuna

1053
00:51:55,960 --> 00:51:57,840
sana unaweza kupata nje ya kozi hii.

1054
00:51:57,840 --> 00:52:00,130
Ah, sisi -

1055
00:52:00,130 --> 00:52:01,380
yeah.

1056
00:52:04,640 --> 00:52:08,300
Unaweza kupata mengi ya furaha nje ya kozi hii.

1057
00:52:08,300 --> 00:52:10,500
Sisi bila kuwa na wafanyakazi wa 108 kama wewe hakuweza kupata kura

1058
00:52:10,500 --> 00:52:11,370
ya furaha nje ya hiyo.

1059
00:52:11,370 --> 00:52:15,300
Hivyo, kujaribu tu ya kushiriki na wewe ni majuto.

1060
00:52:23,190 --> 00:52:23,890
>> Nate HARDISON: Hi, guys.

1061
00:52:23,890 --> 00:52:24,800
Mimi nina Nate.

1062
00:52:24,800 --> 00:52:27,570
Mimi nina preceptor kwa ajili ya kozi.

1063
00:52:27,570 --> 00:52:29,060
Mimi kwa kweli msisimko kuwa hapa pia.

1064
00:52:29,060 --> 00:52:30,960
Huu ni mwaka wangu wa kwanza hapa.

1065
00:52:30,960 --> 00:52:34,210
Natumaini wote kuchukua kozi hii na kufurahia kama vile

1066
00:52:34,210 --> 00:52:35,820
Nimekuwa walifurahia hivyo mbali.

1067
00:52:35,820 --> 00:52:38,570
Na kama wewe milele unataka kujifunza jinsi ya kuhesabu kwa 9 au 10 katika

1068
00:52:38,570 --> 00:52:41,730
binary, kuja kuzungumza na mimi.

1069
00:52:41,730 --> 00:52:43,760
>> DAVID J. Malan: Hivyo katika hatari ya kuacha guys haya hapa

1070
00:52:43,760 --> 00:52:46,980
hatua kidogo awkwardly, hebu whirl kupitia chache tu ya

1071
00:52:46,980 --> 00:52:49,370
mambo ambayo wakisubiri kabla sisi kuahirishwa kwa keki.

1072
00:52:49,370 --> 00:52:50,580
Nini ni kwamba uongo mbele?

1073
00:52:50,580 --> 00:52:53,490
Naam, kama sisi kuchukua kuangalia haraka nyuma katika mwaka wa mwisho, katika tatizo

1074
00:52:53,490 --> 00:52:56,010
kuweka 0, watangulizi yako njiwa katika programu

1075
00:52:56,010 --> 00:52:58,700
lugha inayoitwa Scratch, graphical programu lugha

1076
00:52:58,700 --> 00:53:01,220
utasikia kutumia katika siku ya kwanza ya kozi ya kuanza zoezi hili

1077
00:53:01,220 --> 00:53:04,390
Ijumaa kujifunza dhana baadhi unfamiliar kwa baadhi yenu.

1078
00:53:04,390 --> 00:53:06,750
Lakini kutambua kutakuwa kipengele juu ya hili kwa

1079
00:53:06,750 --> 00:53:08,950
wale wa wewe na background kabla.

1080
00:53:08,950 --> 00:53:11,450
>> Katika tatizo mwaka jana kuweka 2, wanafunzi njiwa katika

1081
00:53:11,450 --> 00:53:14,780
ulimwengu wa cryptography, sanaa ya enciphering au scrambling

1082
00:53:14,780 --> 00:53:17,770
habari, kutekeleza mipango ambayo encrypted data.

1083
00:53:17,770 --> 00:53:21,490
Na kwa kuongeza hacker mwaka jana hawakuwa wanafunzi kuendelea

1084
00:53:21,490 --> 00:53:24,570
kwa ufa au Decode nywila katika mfano

1085
00:53:24,570 --> 00:53:28,090
kompyuta Xe password faili na kuja na algorithms na

1086
00:53:28,090 --> 00:53:31,810
heuristics kwa nguvu brute kuhesabia kile mtu ni

1087
00:53:31,810 --> 00:53:33,640
nywila katika mfumo wa kompyuta mara.

1088
00:53:33,640 --> 00:53:36,630
Mwaka jana, pia, katika tatizo kuweka 3, alifanya wanafunzi impli - katika

1089
00:53:36,630 --> 00:53:37,680
tatizo kuweka 4 - wanafunzi walifanya

1090
00:53:37,680 --> 00:53:39,280
kutekeleza mchezo wa Sudoku.

1091
00:53:39,280 --> 00:53:42,250
Na kwa kuongeza hacker kwamba mwaka alifanya wanafunzi si

1092
00:53:42,250 --> 00:53:45,650
tu kutekeleza jinsi ya kucheza mchezo, lakini kwa kweli solver

1093
00:53:45,650 --> 00:53:47,800
ambapo kompyuta inaweza kutoa, binadamu, na

1094
00:53:47,800 --> 00:53:50,130
mwanga kwa haraka zaidi kuliko ve kutatua

1095
00:53:50,130 --> 00:53:51,420
kwamba tatizo fulani.

1096
00:53:51,420 --> 00:53:54,130
>> Katika tatizo kuweka 5, sisi alifanya forensics, sanaa hii ya

1097
00:53:54,130 --> 00:53:57,020
kurejesha taarifa kwamba ilikuwa ajali au sana

1098
00:53:57,020 --> 00:53:59,320
makusudi ilifutwa kutoka kwa kompyuta.

1099
00:53:59,320 --> 00:54:02,100
Mwaka jana, walimu na mimi strolled kote kampasi

1100
00:54:02,100 --> 00:54:04,990
kuchukua picha ya watu, mahali, na mambo, na kisha

1101
00:54:04,990 --> 00:54:07,830
ajali formatted kadi ya vyombo vya habari juu ya kamera yetu kwamba

1102
00:54:07,830 --> 00:54:08,900
alikuwa na wale picha zote.

1103
00:54:08,900 --> 00:54:09,650
Lakini hakuna tatizo.

1104
00:54:09,650 --> 00:54:13,780
Sisi alifanya sanamu ya kuchunguza mauaji ya kadi hii vyombo vya habari, mitupu nje

1105
00:54:13,780 --> 00:54:16,320
kwa wanafunzi wote katika darasa, na changamoto waandike

1106
00:54:16,320 --> 00:54:20,110
programu kwamba zinalipwa wote wa JPEGs kutoka kadi hiyo.

1107
00:54:20,110 --> 00:54:22,010
Na hii ni kweli moja ya seti favorite yetu tatizo.

1108
00:54:22,010 --> 00:54:24,680
>> Na mimi kuchimbwa up katika barua pepe kutoka kwa mmoja wa watangulizi yako,

1109
00:54:24,680 --> 00:54:27,270
ambayo ilikuwa kubwa fun kusoma wakati mwingine iliyopita.

1110
00:54:27,270 --> 00:54:30,240
Aliandika - hii ni kutoka Matt - dear Daudi, jana yangu

1111
00:54:30,240 --> 00:54:33,710
dada ajali formatted kamera yake SD kadi na kupotea

1112
00:54:33,710 --> 00:54:35,630
thamani ya mwaka wa photos kukumbukwa.

1113
00:54:35,630 --> 00:54:38,710
Yeye kwa bahati mbaya si bora katika inaunga mkono up data yake.

1114
00:54:38,710 --> 00:54:41,230
Lakini hali hii inanikumbusha pset 5, hivyo mimi nilifikiri

1115
00:54:41,230 --> 00:54:44,260
ingekuwa kujaribu kukimbia kadi yake SD kupitia mpango Kuokoa

1116
00:54:44,260 --> 00:54:46,310
kwamba mimi aliandika njia yote nyuma katika Oktoba.

1117
00:54:46,310 --> 00:54:48,550
Hivyo baada ya masaa manne ya kuhesabia nje ya jinsi ya kujenga

1118
00:54:48,550 --> 00:54:51,210
ghafi picha kutoka kadi formatted SD -

1119
00:54:51,210 --> 00:54:53,370
Google imeonekana kuwa pretty haisaidii katika suala hili mpaka

1120
00:54:53,370 --> 00:54:55,480
Suala mimi kilichotokea kwa kuja hela maelekezo yako juu ya

1121
00:54:55,480 --> 00:54:58,070
Internet -

1122
00:54:58,070 --> 00:55:00,490
baada ya kuchezea karibu na baadhi ya hoja amri,

1123
00:55:00,490 --> 00:55:02,320
Mimi imeweza kujenga picha kuchunguza mauaji.

1124
00:55:02,320 --> 00:55:04,490
Na baada ya kufunga na Configuring CS50

1125
00:55:04,490 --> 00:55:07,520
Appliance, mimi imeweza kuendesha image kuchunguza mauaji kupitia yangu

1126
00:55:07,520 --> 00:55:13,110
mpango na kuokoa wote 1027 wa picha dada yangu.

1127
00:55:13,110 --> 00:55:14,340
Haki, Mt.

1128
00:55:14,340 --> 00:55:15,165
>> Hivyo katika year's mwisho -

1129
00:55:15,165 --> 00:55:23,080
[Applause]

1130
00:55:23,080 --> 00:55:25,680
Katika kuweka tatizo mwaka jana 6, sisi aliwapa wanafunzi

1131
00:55:25,680 --> 00:55:29,910
kamusi ya maneno ya Kiingereza 150,000 na changamoto yao

1132
00:55:29,910 --> 00:55:32,570
kuandika kusahihisha Spell kwamba akajibu maswali ya aina

1133
00:55:32,570 --> 00:55:33,930
ni neno hili yameendelezwa vizuri au

1134
00:55:33,930 --> 00:55:35,705
kimakosa kama haraka iwezekanavyo.

1135
00:55:35,705 --> 00:55:38,470
Na katika misingi opt-katika walikuwa wanafunzi kuruhusiwa kisha

1136
00:55:38,470 --> 00:55:41,290
changamoto wanafunzi na posting matokeo yao,

1137
00:55:41,290 --> 00:55:44,200
kiasi cha RAM kwamba walitumia, au idadi ya mizunguko CPU

1138
00:55:44,200 --> 00:55:46,910
sekunde kwamba wao kutumika, hivyo kwamba wanafunzi walikuwa kisha ranked

1139
00:55:46,910 --> 00:55:47,900
kwenye tovuti ya kozi.

1140
00:55:47,900 --> 00:55:51,170
Tena, rena hiari nyanja ya hayo, lakini kubwa fun katika kuwa

1141
00:55:51,170 --> 00:55:54,540
mara nyingi sana bila mwanafunzi kupata nafasi ya namba 10 au kadhalika

1142
00:55:54,540 --> 00:55:57,210
bodi kubwa kwenye tovuti, kwenda mbali na chakula cha jioni, na kisha

1143
00:55:57,210 --> 00:55:59,920
kuja nyuma na kutambua roommate wake alikuwa tu pembeni

1144
00:55:59,920 --> 00:56:03,270
mbele yake au yake juu ya bodi kubwa, na hivyo kumtia mwingine

1145
00:56:03,270 --> 00:56:07,170
mbili au tatu tu masaa moja hadi yake au roommate wake.

1146
00:56:07,170 --> 00:56:08,550
>> Hivyo tunatazamia kwa kitu sawa

1147
00:56:08,550 --> 00:56:09,580
mwaka huu pia.

1148
00:56:09,580 --> 00:56:12,140
Katika tatizo kuweka 7 gani sisi Bad katika mwelekeo wa mtandao

1149
00:56:12,140 --> 00:56:14,840
programu, kwa kweli kutatua matatizo katika milele

1150
00:56:14,840 --> 00:56:18,170
yanazidi kuwa ya kawaida mazingira ya kivinjari.

1151
00:56:18,170 --> 00:56:20,900
Kujua decreasingly gani sisi download programu kwenye Macs na

1152
00:56:20,900 --> 00:56:23,650
PC, lakini inazidi tunafanya yote ndani ya mtandao.

1153
00:56:23,650 --> 00:56:27,530
>> Na kwa kweli mwaka jana, baadhi ya 88% ya miradi ya wanafunzi wa mwisho katika

1154
00:56:27,530 --> 00:56:29,660
Bila shaka walikuwa mtandao msingi.

1155
00:56:29,660 --> 00:56:32,020
Na wale, pia, ni ujuzi kwamba utakuwa unatokana na hii

1156
00:56:32,020 --> 00:56:33,230
darasa na mwisho wa kozi.

1157
00:56:33,230 --> 00:56:36,090
Kwa sababu gani watapata mwishoni shaka ni Fair CS50,

1158
00:56:36,090 --> 00:56:39,060
hii maonyesho yale ya msingi juu ya wazo la haki ya sayansi.

1159
00:56:39,060 --> 00:56:41,750
Lakini katika toleo la haki kufanya wanafunzi wote katika darasa

1160
00:56:41,750 --> 00:56:45,400
kuleta Laptops zao na marafiki zao na familia na wengine

1161
00:56:45,400 --> 00:56:48,310
kwa Northwest Sayansi, jengo kubwa juu ya chuo, kuanzisha

1162
00:56:48,310 --> 00:56:51,030
Laptop zao, kupata chakula, kupata baadhi ya popcorn na kinywaji,

1163
00:56:51,030 --> 00:56:53,990
na kisha kuonyesha miradi yao ya mwisho kwa wote wale katika

1164
00:56:53,990 --> 00:56:57,210
mahudhurio ambaye mwaka jana idadi ya waliohudhuria baadhi 2500

1165
00:56:57,210 --> 00:56:58,320
kutoka katika chuo.

1166
00:56:58,320 --> 00:57:02,100
Na misemo kama hii na kama hii hawakuwa

1167
00:57:02,100 --> 00:57:03,370
kawaida katika haki.

1168
00:57:03,370 --> 00:57:06,590
>> Kuongoza hadi haki ni Hackathon CS50, nafasi

1169
00:57:06,590 --> 00:57:09,350
hop juu ya kichwa cha Harvard Shuttle, chini ya mitaani kwa

1170
00:57:09,350 --> 00:57:12,700
Microsoft saa 8:00, na si kwenda nyumbani hadi 7:00.

1171
00:57:12,700 --> 00:57:16,280
Sisi kumtumikia chakula cha jioni, saa 08:00 kwanza, ya pili ya chakula cha jioni saa 1:00 asubuhi,

1172
00:57:16,280 --> 00:57:18,900
na kwa wale ambao bado amesimama 05:00, je, sisi kutibu kwa

1173
00:57:18,900 --> 00:57:20,400
pancakes saa IHOP.

1174
00:57:20,400 --> 00:57:23,470
Na Hackathon ni nafasi, kama picha hapa,

1175
00:57:23,470 --> 00:57:25,930
kupiga mbizi katika miradi yako ya mwisho, kama kazi

1176
00:57:25,930 --> 00:57:29,470
yako mwenyewe au na marafiki katika mazingira shirikishi,

1177
00:57:29,470 --> 00:57:31,970
ambapo nzima mafundisho wafanyakazi ni kufanya kazi vizuri katika

1178
00:57:31,970 --> 00:57:35,430
usiku na ugavi wa kutosha wa chakula Hong Kong Kichina.

1179
00:57:35,430 --> 00:57:39,550
Katika 05:00 itakuwa vile images kama hizi kuwa kawaida kabisa hii

1180
00:57:39,550 --> 00:57:40,940
mwaka kama vizuri.

1181
00:57:40,940 --> 00:57:44,390
>> Hivyo kama sisi kuahirishwa kwa dakika kwa keki, kumbuka kwamba

1182
00:57:44,390 --> 00:57:48,500
76% ya watu katika chumba hiki hawana uzoefu kabla.

1183
00:57:48,500 --> 00:57:51,090
Na kama kwa muhtasari, ni nini hatimaye mambo katika hii

1184
00:57:51,090 --> 00:57:53,740
Bila shaka si kiasi ambapo wewe kuishia jamaa na yako

1185
00:57:53,740 --> 00:57:57,400
wanafunzi, lakini ambapo katika mwisho wa wiki 11 hadi jamaa na

1186
00:57:57,400 --> 00:57:59,400
mwenyewe katika wiki 0.

1187
00:57:59,400 --> 00:58:01,850
Hii ni CS50.