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[Powered by Google Translate] [Walkthrough] [Tatizo Set 3]

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[Zamyla Chan] [Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]

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[Hii ni CS50.] [CS50.TV]

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Haki wote, welcome kila mtu walkthrough 3.

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Pset 3 ni moja kweli fun.

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Ni mwezi mmoja kwa CS50 kuitwa kinyang'anyiro,

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hivyo kama wewe ve milele kucheza kinyang'anyiro au sawa bodi Boggle mchezo

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kimsingi ni mchezo ambapo una gridi ya barua,

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na katika wakati kura unahitaji kupata kama wengi

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2-barua au maneno tena ambazo zipo kwenye bodi,

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na hivyo kuna sheria fulani kama vile unaweza kutumia tu barua moja

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katika gridi ya taifa, moja block katika gridi ya taifa mara moja, na huwezi kwenda nyuma yake.

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Unaweza tu kujenga barua kwa kuunganisha pamoja barua karibu,

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hivyo hii ni kwenda kuwa pset kweli fun, hivyo hebu angalia toolbox yetu.

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>> Tena, appliance bado ni kuwa updated, ili kuhakikisha

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kila wakati wewe kuingia appliance na haki kufungua terminal yako dirisha

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na katika vituo kufanya Sudo amri yum-y update.

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Hii ni muhimu pia kama unataka kuwa na uwezo wa

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 kukimbia ufumbuzi wafanyakazi, ambayo sisi dhahiri kupendekeza.

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Wakati mwingine ni vizuri mara tu ya kumaliza ya code yako

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mtihani ni dhidi ya ufumbuzi wafanyakazi, kuhakikisha kuwa kila kitu

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wewe kuingia katika ufumbuzi wafanyakazi, chochote kinachotoka huko,

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kitu kimoja kinachotokea kwa kificho yako.

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Haki wote, ili kuhakikisha ya update appliance yako.

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Sasa, pia, tangu sisi ni kushughulika na gridi ya taifa katika kesi hii

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sisi ni kweli kwenda kuwa delving katika arrays 2-dimensional.

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Tumekuwa kushughulikiwa na arrays 1-dimensional,

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lakini sasa tunakwenda kupanua yao ili waweze kuwa na

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nyingi safu kama vile nguzo nyingi.

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Kisha tunakwenda dhahiri kuwa kutumia utendaji katika pset hii,

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kimsingi wito kazi, kutuma vigezo baadhi ya nje

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na kisha kupata thamani ya kurudi nyuma.

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Na katika kinyang'anyiro sisi siyo kuuliza wewe kweli kufanya jambo zima kutoka mwanzo,

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lakini badala yake, sisi ni kweli kutoa kitu kinachoitwa usambazaji kificho,

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hivyo code kazi ambayo tumekuwa tayari imeandikwa kwamba aina ya inaweka

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mifupa ya pset kama vile kutekeleza baadhi ya mambo magumu

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kwamba wewe utakuwa dhahiri kuwa na uwezo wa kusoma na kuelewa juu ya

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lakini hawana haja ya kufanya hivyo bado kabisa.

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>> Kwa haraka juu ya rehash arrays 1-dimensional.

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Arrays ni data miundo kwamba kushikilia maadili mbalimbali ya aina moja,

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na kama ukumbusho, hizi arrays ni sifuri-indexed,

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hivyo zaidi ya wewe pengine ni ukoo na safu kama huu.

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Kama sisi alitaka safu int na urefu 3,

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basi tunaweza initialize ni kwa kuwa na maadili int

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na kisha mabano mraba kuonyesha urefu wake,

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na kisha tunataka hawawajui maadili kwa vipengele maalum ndani ya safu hiyo.

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Hapa tuna safu int na index kwanza katika index 0, 2,

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index 1 ni 4, index 2 ni 6.

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Sema tulitaka safu kubwa na kushikilia maadili mbalimbali.

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Kisha sisi inaweza kuwa na safu 2D.

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Sasa, hii ni sawa na safu yetu 1-dimensional.

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Ni 0 indexed, hivyo hiyo ina maana kwamba safu ya kwanza

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ni indexed ifikapo 0.

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moja ijayo ni saa 1, kisha mmoja ijayo ni saa 2,

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na kisha vile vile tuna safu, na hivyo unaweza kuona kwamba wakati sisi

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kutangaza safu yetu sisi pia-kama tu kabla-sisi unahitajika ukubwa wa safu.

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Sisi pia vile vile zinaonyesha kawaida ambapo bracket kwanza

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inaonyesha jinsi wengi safu una, na ya pili inaonyesha

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wangapi nguzo.

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>> Haki zote, katika pset hii utasikia wanataka kuwa na uwezo wa

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iterate juu ya safu 2D, kuweza kupata kila kipengele

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katika safu hii 2D, hivyo kimsingi unataka kufikia

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wote michanganyiko ya uwezekano wa safu na maadili ya safu.

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Tunataka kufikia mstari 0 katika safu ya 1, 2, na 3.

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Tunataka kufikia safu ya 1 katika safu 0, 1 na 2.

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Tuna kuwa na aina fulani ya muundo kwamba inaruhusu sisi

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iterate juu ya yote ya mistari na wote wa mchanganyiko

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ya nguzo ndani ya kwamba.

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Hapa nina 2D int safu.

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Ina mistari 3 na nguzo 3,

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na hivyo hii ni njia ya haraka ya

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kupata zima 2D safu.

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Mimi kusema safu ya kwanza ni kwenda na 2, 4, na 6,

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aina ya sawa na mfano wa awali katika slide hii.

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Kisha mimi naenda kuwa mstari 2 kuwa 3, 6, 9,

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na kisha mstari 3 ni 4, 8, 12.

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Tuna safu yetu 2D,

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na tunajua kwamba inaonekana kama hii.

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Tuna 2, 4, 6,

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3, 6, 9,

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4, 8, 12.

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Sasa kama sisi kuongeza katika fahirisi,

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hii itakuwa mstari 0.

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Hii itakuwa mstari 1.

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Hii itakuwa mstari 2.

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Vile vile tuna safu 0,

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safu 1, na safu 2.

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Ndiyo.

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[Kiume] gani tatu ni safu, na ambayo moja ni mstari?

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nguzo ni haya ndio,

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hivyo nguzo yako ni haya ndio.

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Hii ni safu 0, na hii ni safu ya 1.

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Hii ni safu ya 2.

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[Kiume] ngapi katika tamko la int kwa meza [3] [3]?

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Wakati wewe ni kutangaza safu 2D kisha namba ya kwanza katika mabano mraba

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ni kwenda kuwa jinsi wengi safu una,

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na kisha moja ya pili ni kwenda kuwa jinsi wengi nguzo.

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>> Kubwa, hivyo tunataka baadhi ya aina ya muundo,

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baadhi ya aina ya kitanzi ambacho kinaenda kutupa kila mchanganyiko iwezekanavyo.

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Sema sisi kuanza kwa kusema-sawa, kupata kitu chochote katika mstari huu-

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hebu tu kuangalia safu hii kwa sasa.

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Hizi ni safu hapa.

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Tunajua kwamba safu yetu index ni kwenda kuwa 0,

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lakini kwa kupata hii kipengele ni katika mstari 0 na safu 0,

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hivyo basi tunataka kupata hiyo na index ya [0] [0].

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Kisha mmoja hii, vile vile, bado ni juu ya safu ya kwanza,

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lakini ni juu ya safu ya pili, hivyo sisi kupata kwamba kwa [0] [1].

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Kisha mmoja wa mwisho itakuwa [0] [2].

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Kila mara tuko katika mstari maalum tunakwenda wanataka

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iterate juu ya yote ya maadili iwezekanavyo safu.

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Hebu kuanza na kwa kitanzi

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kwamba kuanza saa 0, na huenda na urefu wa ngapi safu tuna.

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Hii ni njia ya baiskeli kila mstari.

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Kisha nini tunataka kufanya ni ndani ya kwamba,

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wakati sisi ni saa safu maalum tunataka mzunguko kwa njia zote za nguzo inapatikana,

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hivyo basi tutaweza kuwa na mwingine kitanzi.

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Hebu simu yake j.

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Mimi, j na k ni ya kawaida sana mstari Indexing kitanzi vigezo,

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hivyo unaweza kutumia hizi kama wewe kama.

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Pia jaribu kuepuka basi-kama vigezo hizi ni kawaida kutumika katika matanzi

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kujaribu kuzuia kutumia yao kama majina kama variable kwa mambo mengine katika code yako

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sababu tu ya mkataba ni kawaida kutumia i, j, k na ndani ya kitanzi au fahirisi.

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Okay, basi hapa tuna kwa kitanzi kwamba iterates juu ya yote ya safu.

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Ndipo kila wakati kwamba ni katika mstari tofauti

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tutaweza iterate juu ya yote ya nguzo tofauti.

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Njia hii tunaweza kweli kupata mchanganyiko kila iwezekanavyo

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ya 0, 1, 2 na kwa 0, 1, na 2.

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Hiyo mantiki?

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Kwa njia hii sisi ni uwezo wa kupata zaidi ya kila thamani.

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Sasa, sisi inaweza kuwa amechaguliwa kufanya nguzo ya kwanza pia.

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Ni kweli si jambo muda mrefu kama wewe iterate kupitia

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wote wa nguzo na wote wa safu.

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>> Sasa hebu kufanya kitu kwa maadili haya.

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Hebu sema magazeti.

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Sasa hebu magazeti integers yao

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na kisha variable katika eneo ambalo ni-itakavyo kuwa thamani n meza.

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Sasa maalum mstari index itakuwa i kwa sababu sisi kutumika kwamba kwa iterate kupitia safu yetu,

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na kisha j kwa iterate kupitia nguzo yetu.

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Sasa wacha kufanya 2D.

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Sasa wakati sisi kukimbia 2D ni Prints nje wote wa maadili

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ili kwamba sisi maalum hapo juu,

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hivyo unaweza kuona kwamba huenda kwa njia ya safu yote ya kwanza,

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hivyo ni katika mstari 0, na kisha Prints wote wa maadili ndani ya safu ya kwamba

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na kisha inaendelea.

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Hiyo ni mfano wa njia ya kuwa bila iterate juu ya

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na kufanya vitendo juu ya maadili ndani ya safu 2D.

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Mkuu, sasa, nini tutaweza kuona katika kanuni ya usambazaji ni wengi, kazi

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na hivyo baadhi ya kazi hizi itakuwa bulin kazi

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ambapo wao kurudi bulin na wewe.

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>> Baadhi itakuwa integers, kwa mfano, na hivyo kimsingi kwa

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mapitio utendaji kidogo kimsingi kazi na

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thamani ya kurudi, jina, na ambayo unaweza kutumia simu ya mpango,

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na kisha wao wanaweza kuwa na idadi yoyote ya vigezo.

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Kimsingi wakati wewe piga kazi ndani ya kazi ya pili,

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kimsingi kama wewe ni kusema sasa mimi nataka wewe nitafanya kazi hii,

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una kupita katika maadili fulani, hivyo katika kesi hii kazi yetu foo

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ingekuwa kuchukua integers 2, na ndani ya kazi ambayo kisha

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itakuwa na uwezo wa kuzipata, rejea yao kama x na y.

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mfano sawa ni chini majukumu

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kwamba unaweza kuwa kutumika katika mpango wako crypto,

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na hivyo kimsingi kazi hizo walikuwa tayari imeandikwa kwa ajili yenu,

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lakini kwa kutegemea kurudi aina yao unaweza kuzitumia ndani ya kazi.

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Sema wewe kuwa na kazi ya bulin kuitwa foo.

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Basi unaweza kutumia kwa sababu unajua kwamba itakuwa kuwakilisha bulin.

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Kimsingi wakati simu yake, itakuwa kurejea nyuma bulin,

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hivyo unaweza kutibu kwamba kama hii kuwakilisha bulin.

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Ndani ya hali yako unaweza tu kusema

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ikiwa foo, na kisha kupita katika vigezo wake required,

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5 na 9 kwa mfano, integers 2,

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basi, unajua kwamba atarudi ama kweli au uongo,

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na hivyo basi unaweza kutumia kama hali yako yenyewe.

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Vile vile pia unaweza kusema foo (5, 9) == kweli

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au == uongo au kitu kama hicho,

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lakini kwamba ni kidogo unnecessary kama kazi yenyewe

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tayari inathamini ama kweli au uongo.

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Sisi ni kwenda kuweka hii katika akili wakati tunaona baadhi ya mifano katika code usambazaji.

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>> Okay, kwa nyuma baada ya kinyang'anyiro tuna arrays 2D

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na kuelewa kazi chini ya mikanda yetu.

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Katika kinyang'anyiro kimsingi wewe utaenda kuwa na gridi ya barua,

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na kisha utaenda kusaidia kutekeleza mpango

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ambapo mtumiaji unaweza pembejeo barua tofauti kwamba wao kuona kwenye gridi ya taifa,

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ili pia ina maana kwamba wewe ni pia kwenda na kuteka bodi mchezo.

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Kisha user itakuwa inputting maneno fulani,

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lakini wewe na kuangalia, iwapo maneno hayo ni halali katika kamusi,

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au B, kama kweli zipo katika bodi, inaweza kupatikana katika bodi.

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Kisha katika code usambazaji tutaweza kwenda juu ya kwamba katika pili.

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Utaona nini tayari kwa ajili yenu,

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na kisha ndani ya muundo aliyopewa ya maadili ya usambazaji kuongeza utendaji.

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Kuna baadhi ya kazi ambazo ni kushoto tupu.

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Kuna baadhi ya kazi ambayo wewe tu na kuongeza.

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kazi fulani kwamba wewe ni kwenda kufanya kazi na ni sare,

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hivyo kuwa na kutekeleza kazi ya sare,

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kweli kuchora wote wa barua ubaoni.

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Wewe utaenda kuwa na kutekeleza kazi lookup ambapo wewe na kuangalia

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kama kamba kwamba mtumiaji inputted ni neno halali,

196
00:12:55,000 --> 00:12:59,000
na hivyo basi kama nilivyoeleza hapo awali, kwamba ni pamoja na kama hiyo ni katika kamusi au si

197
00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:03,000
kama vile kama ni halali mchezo hoja.

198
00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:06,000
Kisha utaenda kutekeleza kinyang'anyiro

199
00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:11,000
ambapo katika mchezo kama mtumiaji ni, kwa mfano, kuwa na shida ya kupata yoyote neno

200
00:13:11,000 --> 00:13:16,000
basi wakiwa aina katika "kinyang'anyiro" ndani ya haraka

201
00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:19,000
kisha bodi mchezo kweli rotates 90 °,

202
00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:24,000
kutunza barua hiyo lakini tu kupokezana ° 90 clockwise.

203
00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:27,000
Na kisha hatimaye tunakwenda kushughulikia kesi na unyeti,

204
00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:35,000
kimsingi wakati wote wa maneno katika kamusi ni pamoja na katika code usambazaji

205
00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:38,000
wote ni kuhifadhiwa kama uppercase, lakini tunataka kuruhusu mtumiaji, kwa mfano,

206
00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:41,000
kama wao kuingia katika mchanganyiko wa herufi ndogo na uppercase

207
00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:45,000
Herufi za chini au tu barua basi kama neno kwamba ni halali

208
00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:50,000
basi wanapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa kupata pointi kwa kuwa vilevile.

209
00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:56,000
>> Sawa, hivyo code usambazaji, inaweza kuwa kidogo mgumu wa kupata njia wakati wa kwanza.

210
00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:59,000
Unaweza kutaka kusoma yote na kupata tu moja kwa moja kwa

211
00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:03,000
kuandika mpango wako, lakini tafadhali kusoma mara moja,

212
00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:06,000
kusoma mara mbili, kusoma mara tatu, kusoma tena na tena

213
00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:09,000
ili kuwa na hisia nzuri na unaweza kuhisi kweli starehe

214
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:13,000
kwa kificho, hata kama wewe hatukuandika kazi hizi mwenyewe,

215
00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:17,000
kwamba aina ya kujua nini wao ni kufanya na unaweza kutarajia

216
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:22,000
njia ili wapate kuingiliana na majukumu ya kuwa wewe kutekeleza.

217
00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:25,000
Bila wasiwasi zaidi, hebu kweli kupata katika kanuni hii ya usambazaji,

218
00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:32,000
na mimi itakusaidia guys kufanya maana yake.

219
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:36,000
Nimekuwa tayari kupakuliwa code usambazaji.

220
00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:38,000
Unaweza kufanya hivyo.

221
00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:41,000
Kuna maelekezo katika spec ambapo una kufanya saraka yako mwenyewe kwa pset 3,

222
00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:46,000
na kisha kama nitafanya amri hiyo hupatikana katika spec

223
00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:49,000
basi utakuwa na uwezo wa shusha faili maneno,

224
00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:56,000
ambayo ina kimsingi faili kamusi, kama sisi tu kuangalia kwamba haraka.

225
00:14:56,000 --> 00:15:03,000
Hii kimsingi ina orodha yote ya maneno ambayo itakuwa ni ya kamusi yetu.

226
00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:05,000
>> Okay, hebu kuanza kwa juu.

227
00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:11,000
Pia hapa utasikia taarifa kwamba mtindo mzuri wa kanuni hii ya usambazaji

228
00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:14,000
ni kwa faida yetu kwa sababu tunaweza kuona comments

229
00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:20,000
kwamba kueleza jinsi code ni kuwa kutumika.

230
00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:22,000
Sisi tuna hii, ikiwa ni pamoja na maktaba yetu.

231
00:15:22,000 --> 00:15:25,000
Ona kwamba hapa sisi ni pamoja # <time.h>,

232
00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:29,000
na hivyo maktaba ambayo inaruhusu sisi kuweka wimbo wa muda kwa sababu

233
00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:33,000
katika kinyang'anyiro una kimsingi kuingia katika maneno kama wengi iwezekanavyo

234
00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:36,000
ndani ya frame kupewa muda.

235
00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:38,000
Hapa tuna baadhi ya vigezo.

236
00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:42,000
muda wa mchezo tumekuwa kuweka kwa kuwa sekunde 30.

237
00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:45,000
Sisi tunasema kwamba mwelekeo wa gridi-ni mraba gridi-

238
00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:47,000
ni kwenda kuwa 4 x 4.

239
00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:54,000
Sisi tunasema kwamba kuna maneno, idadi ya maneno katika kamusi,

240
00:15:54,000 --> 00:16:01,000
kwamba mahali popote unaweza tu kuwa na upeo wa barua 29.

241
00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:03,000
Basi hapa kuna faili inayoitwa logi.

242
00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:07,000
Kimsingi sisi mtaenda automating baadhi ya matokeo kutoka code yako,

243
00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:11,000
hivyo si kujaribu kubadilisha kitu cha kufanya na logi sababu tutaweza kuwa kukabiliana na kwamba.

244
00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:14,000
Huna kwa kuelewa kabisa kwamba bado,

245
00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:19,000
lakini tu jaribu kubadilisha kitu cha kufanya na gogo.

246
00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:25,000
Ona kwamba hapa hii gridi variable, ambayo ni safu 2D ya wahusika,

247
00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:27,000
ni alitangaza nje ya kazi yetu kuu,

248
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:29,000
hivyo hii ni kile tunachokiita variable kimataifa.

249
00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:31,000
Kwa sababu sisi ni kushughulika na mchezo hapa,

250
00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:34,000
kama unakumbuka njia yote nyuma scratch

251
00:16:34,000 --> 00:16:36,000
wakati sisi alikuwa na kitu kama alama, kwa mfano,

252
00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:39,000
tulipokuwa kushughulika na mchezo, kwamba alikuwa na kuwa kupatikana kwa

253
00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:43,000
mengi ya scripts mbalimbali, hivyo vile vile, tuna hii variable

254
00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:48,000
kwamba mahitaji ya kuwa kupatikana kwa mengi ya utendaji katika mpango wetu,

255
00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:52,000
hivyo gridi hapa ni safu 2-dimensional kwamba mapenzi kuhifadhi

256
00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:55,000
barua katika mchezo kinyang'anyiro.

257
00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:59,000
Baadaye tutaweza kuona matumizi ya hii baadaye,

258
00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:03,000
lakini basi sisi pia safu ya 2D booleans kuitwa alama,

259
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:07,000
na hivyo kimsingi wakati sisi kwenda katika kuangalia kama neno

260
00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:12,000
ni halali au si tunahitaji kujua kama tumekuwa alitembelea block fulani,

261
00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:15,000
alitembelea barua fulani, na hivyo basi alama kimsingi ni kwenda

262
00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:20,000
vyenye ama kweli au uongo katika index aliyopewa,

263
00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:23,000
hivyo itakuwa hebu kujua kama sisi tumekuwa huko mbele,

264
00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:26,000
kama tumekuwa alitembelea kwamba barua wakati hundi yetu fulani,

265
00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:30,000
na hivyo alama, kama utaona baadaye,

266
00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:41,000
kimsingi hasa kioo gridi ya taifa.

267
00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:46,000
>> Hapa sisi aliamua kwamba tulitaka wetu data wenyewe aina.

268
00:17:46,000 --> 00:17:48,000
Sisi hatukuwa na furaha na kamba tu.

269
00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:51,000
Sisi kwa kweli alitaka kitu kinachoitwa neno,

270
00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:55,000
hivyo tuna hii struct typedef hapa,

271
00:17:55,000 --> 00:17:58,000
na kisha ndani yake ina bulin kuitwa kupatikana,

272
00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:01,000
hivyo kama neno hili imekuwa kupatikana au la.

273
00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:04,000
Basi ina safu ya wahusika,

274
00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:10,000
kimsingi neno halisi kwamba ni.

275
00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:14,000
Sasa basi, neno ni halisi data mpya aina ya kwamba tumekuwa kufanywa,

276
00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:17,000
ili tuweze kuwa na safu ya maneno, kwa mfano,

277
00:18:17,000 --> 00:18:23,000
au tunaweza kufanya neno mpya na kuwa na matukio mbalimbali ya kwao.

278
00:18:23,000 --> 00:18:26,000
Lakini sisi tu moja kamusi, na hivyo ndiyo sababu sisi tu

279
00:18:26,000 --> 00:18:29,000
struct kuwaita kamusi kinyume na struct typedef.

280
00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:34,000
struct ina integer na ukubwa wa kamusi

281
00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:37,000
kama vile array ya maneno, na tena,

282
00:18:37,000 --> 00:18:41,000
sisi kutumia maneno kimataifa variable, ambayo ni yaliyoelezwa hapo juu,

283
00:18:41,000 --> 00:18:46,000
kuwa idadi ya maneno kwamba ni kweli katika kamusi yetu.

284
00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:49,000
Hapa tuna orodha nzima ya prototypes, kazi prototypes,

285
00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:52,000
kimsingi akisema, sawa, sasa unaweza kutarajia kuwa na

286
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:55,000
yote ya kazi hizi baadaye katika mpango.

287
00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,000
Mimi naenda kuwa kazi utupu kuitwa wazi,

288
00:18:57,000 --> 00:19:00,000
kazi bulin kuitwa kutambaa kwamba inachukua katika

289
00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:05,000
kamba na kisha integers 2, nakadhalika, hivyo unaweza kuona haya hapa.

290
00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:09,000
Pia kipengele nice katika gedit ni kwamba pamoja upande hapa

291
00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:14,000
kama wewe kuhakikisha kuwa wewe kuchaguliwa hii tab kazi hapa,

292
00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:18,000
chanzo code tab, basi itakuwa kweli kuonyesha ninyi wote wa kazi

293
00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:20,000
kwa kuwa katika programu yako.

294
00:19:20,000 --> 00:19:24,000
Ni nitakuonyeshea mambo kadhaa ambayo unaweza kutumia.

295
00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:29,000
Kwa mfano, hapa ina kwamba ve defined data aina mpya inayoitwa neno

296
00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:33,000
na kisha baadhi ya kimataifa vigezo kwamba wewe.

297
00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:37,000
Lakini hii ni kazi tab muhimu kabisa kwa sababu unaweza bonyeza na kurudi

298
00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:42,000
na kuruka kwa maeneo maalum katika programu yako.

299
00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:48,000
>> Haki zote, tuko katika hafla kuu sasa.

300
00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:52,000
Wakati mtumiaji inaingia katika amri,

301
00:19:52,000 --> 00:19:55,000
kimsingi wanaweza ama kusema. / kinyang'anyiro,

302
00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:59,000
au wanaweza pia kuingia katika idadi baada ya kuwa na kimsingi zinaonyesha

303
00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:02,000
ambayo bodi wanataka kucheza na.

304
00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:05,000
Kawaida wakati wowote wewe tu kuingia katika hoja moja ya mstari amri

305
00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:09,000
basi tu kwenda kukupa bodi random, lakini kusema kwa madhumuni debugging

306
00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:12,000
wewe unataka kuhakikisha kwamba wewe tu angalia ubao huo tena na tena

307
00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:15,000
basi nini unaweza kufanya ni kusema tu ./scramble1, kwa mfano,

308
00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:19,000
na itakuwa daima kukupa bodi hiyo.

309
00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:21,000
Hapa ni kuhakikisha matumizi sahihi,

310
00:20:21,000 --> 00:20:26,000
hivyo kama mtumiaji inaingia katika zaidi ya 2 hoja mstari amri,

311
00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:29,000
basi itakuwa kuwafundisha juu ya jinsi ya kutumia vizuri mpango

312
00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:34,000
na kisha exit.

313
00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:38,000
Hapa ikiwa argc ni 2, kwamba maana kama mtumiaji ina idadi inputted

314
00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:42,000
ya neno maalum kwamba wanataka kutumia basi

315
00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:47,000
kimsingi wakati mpango baadaye hufanya bodi random

316
00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:51,000
kisha sisi kimsingi ni kutoa ni mbegu, aina ya kama kulazimisha

317
00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:57,000
kutumia thamani fulani.

318
00:20:57,000 --> 00:21:02,000
Ndipo hapa sisi mzigo maneno yetu faili.

319
00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:06,000
Kimsingi kama hawezi kufungua kamusi, kama kitu fulani kitaenda vibaya,

320
00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:08,000
basi atarudi 1.

321
00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:11,000
Sisi initialize gridi ya taifa. Tutaweza kuangalia ndani ya kazi ambayo baadaye.

322
00:21:11,000 --> 00:21:13,000
Sisi kuweka alama kwa 0.

323
00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:18,000
Sisi hesabu wakati mchezo itakuwa mwisho,

324
00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:20,000
hivyo ndiyo sekunde 30, kama sisi kuweka.

325
00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:27,000
Ndipo hapa, tena, ni faili logi, ambayo huna haja ya kubadilisha.

326
00:21:27,000 --> 00:21:33,000
>> Hapa ni nyama ya mpango ambapo tuna wakati (wa kweli) kitanzi,

327
00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:36,000
hivyo taarifa kwamba kama wewe tu wakati (wa kweli) kitanzi na yenyewe

328
00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:39,000
basi itakuwa tu kuendelea kutekeleza chochote ni katika mwili wake,

329
00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:42,000
lakini kama utaona baadaye, sisi kweli kuwa mapumziko

330
00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:46,000
hivyo sisi kweli kuruhusu-tuna baadhi ya njia ya ni kweli kuvunja nje

331
00:21:46,000 --> 00:21:50,000
ya kazi na si utekelezaji milele.

332
00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:52,000
Kwanza kile kinachotokea ni screen itakuwa wazi

333
00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:59,000
ili uweze kuteka bodi mpya, na kisha itakuwa na kazi ya kuitwa kuteka.

334
00:21:59,000 --> 00:22:03,000
Tena, itakuwa ni kuingia, hivyo kimsingi kila wakati kwamba huenda kwa njia ya kitanzi hii

335
00:22:03,000 --> 00:22:06,000
itakuwa kuripoti score na wewe.

336
00:22:06,000 --> 00:22:09,000
Angalia kama mchezo lazima mwisho,

337
00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:12,000
kama wewe ni nje ya muda au la, na kisha kuripoti muda kiasi gani wameondoka

338
00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:15,000
ikiwa ni mchezo bado katika kucheza.

339
00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:19,000
Basi hapa tuna haraka kwa ajili ya neno,

340
00:22:19,000 --> 00:22:21,000
na kisha sisi kuwa na kazi GetString,

341
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:26,000
hivyo ndiyo ambapo mtumiaji kweli pembejeo neno kwa ajili yenu.

342
00:22:26,000 --> 00:22:31,000
Kisha kimsingi kama wameweza kweli aliingia neno, kama si null,

343
00:22:31,000 --> 00:22:38,000
kisha mpango logi yake.

344
00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:41,000
Kisha unataka kuangalia kama unahitaji kinyang'anyiro gridi ya taifa,

345
00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:44,000
hivyo kimsingi kama wao kuingia katika kinyang'anyiro amri, kinyang'anyiro neno,

346
00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:48,000
basi ni kwenda mzunguko 90 °.

347
00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:51,000
Kisha vinginevyo kama si kinyang'anyiro neno

348
00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:57,000
basi nini unataka kufanya ni wewe utakuwa unataka kuangalia kwa neno.

349
00:22:57,000 --> 00:22:59,000
(Kupata (neno) ni kweli tutaweza kwenda katika kazi hiyo baadaye..

350
00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:02,000
Na kisha utasikia wanataka kuangalia ni juu, hivyo kimsingi ni juu ya gridi ya taifa,

351
00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:04,000
na ni katika kamusi?

352
00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:08,000
Na kama ni kesi, basi itakuwa kuongeza alama zako kwa idadi ya herufi

353
00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:12,000
kwamba neno kwamba ni.

354
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:16,000
Hiyo ni kazi yetu kuu huko.

355
00:23:16,000 --> 00:23:19,000
>> Hii hapa ni kimsingi kama code kutoroka,

356
00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:21,000
hivyo huna haja ya kuwa na wasiwasi juu ya kwamba kabisa sana,

357
00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:25,000
lakini kimsingi kila wewe piga wazi itakuwa wazi terminal

358
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:32,000
na kuhamia nyuma mshale na aina ya kufuta chochote ameandika kabla.

359
00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:40,000
Hebu si kwenda kutambaa kabisa bado tu.

360
00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:43,000
Badala yake tutaweza kitabu chini na kuona kazi sare ya hapa,

361
00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:45,000
ambayo ni kazi yako TODO.

362
00:23:45,000 --> 00:23:48,000
Kimsingi una magazeti gridi katika hali yake ya sasa,

363
00:23:48,000 --> 00:23:52,000
hivyo tumekuwa tayari kuchukuliwa huduma ya kweli initializing gridi ya taifa,

364
00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:56,000
na hivyo hawana haja ya kuwa na wasiwasi kuhusu barua ambayo kuweka katika gridi ya taifa

365
00:23:56,000 --> 00:24:01,000
au kitu kama hicho, lakini katika kazi sare ya wewe ni kwenda kutaka

366
00:24:01,000 --> 00:24:04,000
magazeti nje viliomo katika gridi ya taifa.

367
00:24:04,000 --> 00:24:07,000
Basi hapa tuna kazi ya bulin kuitwa kupata,

368
00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:10,000
ambayo tuliona juu katika kazi kuu.

369
00:24:10,000 --> 00:24:17,000
Kama neno alikutwa na pia alikuwa inaonekana up katika kamusi,

370
00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:21,000
kama wote wawili wa alirudi kweli, basi ingekuwa kuongeza score.

371
00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:26,000
Hapa ni kazi kupata ambapo inachukua katika neno kama kamba,

372
00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:32,000
na ina kuwa 2 au zaidi wahusika,

373
00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:36,000
na kisha nini hii haina ni ninayechunguza gridi kwa neno hilo.

374
00:24:36,000 --> 00:24:41,000
Hapa tunaona mfano wa iterating juu ya kila kipengele katika gridi ya taifa

375
00:24:41,000 --> 00:24:47,000
ambapo wao iterate juu ya safu na kisha ndani ya iterate kwamba zaidi ya nguzo.

376
00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:50,000
Hapa kumbuka alama 2D safu kwamba kimsingi maduka ama kweli au uongo

377
00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:52,000
kama sisi tumekuwa na barua kwamba tayari.

378
00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:58,000
Kimsingi hii resets yote ya alama kwa sababu tuko tu kushughulika na alama

379
00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:01,000
kila wakati kwamba sisi ni kuangalia neno maalum.

380
00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:04,000
Ndipo hapa mara moja tumekuwa upya alama zote

381
00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:08,000
ni kweli ninayechunguza kwa neno, na hivyo kutafuta neno

382
00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:13,000
hiyo ambapo sisi kutumia kazi kutambaa, hivyo hebu kwenda nyuma hadi kutambaa

383
00:25:13,000 --> 00:25:16,000
na kuangalia ni.

384
00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:20,000
Nini kutambaa haina ni inachukua katika string kuitwa barua

385
00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:27,000
kama vile kimsingi x na y, ambayo ni kuanzia index

386
00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:33,000
ambapo mtumiaji wa amesema neno ni.

387
00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:38,000
Kimsingi ni hundi ikiwa ni x <0 au> mwelekeo

388
00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:41,000
kimsingi ina maana kwamba index kwamba kweli haipo katika mchezo wetu,

389
00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:43,000
hivyo basi kuwa anarudi uongo.

390
00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:47,000
Kama ve tayari alitembelea barua maalum

391
00:25:47,000 --> 00:26:02,000
kisha ambayo inaenda kurudi uongo kama vile kwa sababu ya utawala katika kinyang'anyiro

392
00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:11,000
ni kwamba wakati una

393
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:14,000
barua hapa, kwa mfano,

394
00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:20,000
unaweza kujiunga barua kwa kwenda juu au kama Ulalo hii,

395
00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:24,000
hivyo kimsingi barua yako ijayo inaweza kuwa wakati wowote wa vitalu haya adjoining,

396
00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:31,000
lakini nini hawezi kufanya, kwa mfano, kwenda barua hii

397
00:26:31,000 --> 00:26:37,000
na kwenda nyuma ya, hivyo unaweza kutumia tu kila barua mara moja.

398
00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:42,000
Kisha kwamba inafanya hisia kwamba hapa ni alama kwamba kama sisi tumekuwa huko mbele,

399
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:47,000
kama alama ni kuweka kweli, basi si kwamba neno halali.

400
00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:49,000
>> Ndipo kile yake ni hundi.

401
00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:53,000
Ni anasema mimi nina kwenda kuangalia kama wakati huu mahali maalum

402
00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:55,000
barua kwamba tunataka ni huko.

403
00:26:55,000 --> 00:26:57,000
Kama siyo, ni anarudi uongo.

404
00:26:57,000 --> 00:27:02,000
Tangu ni tayari checked kwamba kuzuia, basi ni kwenda kuweka alama

405
00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:06,000
katika hatua hiyo maalum kama kweli.

406
00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:09,000
Sasa ni hundi ya kwamba kimsingi kama sisi ni kuendelea

407
00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:13,000
hiyo ina maana kwamba sisi ni kwenda kutafuta barua ya pili

408
00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:18,000
katika neno kwamba mtumiaji ni kujaribu kuwasilisha.

409
00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:20,000
Hapa kukumbuka nyuma na sheria.

410
00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:24,000
Wewe ni kujaribu kuangalia maadili yote ya karibu,

411
00:27:24,000 --> 00:27:28,000
ndio hapo juu, chini, kushoto na haki kama vile diagonals,

412
00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:32,000
na hivyo vile vile wakati sisi mawazo ya iterating juu ya arrays 2D

413
00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:35,000
ambapo tulitaka iterate juu ya kila iwezekanavyo na kuangalia

414
00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:41,000
kila permutation iwezekanavyo kati ya mstari na fahirisi fahirisi safu

415
00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:43,000
hapa tunataka kuangalia kila mchanganyiko inawezekana,

416
00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:49,000
kama ni upande wa kushoto wa barua, moja kwa moja hapo juu, au kwa haki.

417
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:56,000
Hapa tunaona kuwa kitanzi hii hundi ya kushoto

418
00:27:56,000 --> 00:27:58,000
wakati i ni -1.

419
00:27:58,000 --> 00:28:04,000
Wakati ni saa 0 ni hundi katika safu sawa kwamba barua ni katika,

420
00:28:04,000 --> 00:28:08,000
na kisha kama i ni 1, ambayo ni ya thamani yake ya mwisho, basi ni hundi ya haki,

421
00:28:08,000 --> 00:28:10,000
na kisha hiyo haitoshi, haki?

422
00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:13,000
Sisi haja ya kuangalia yote ya maadili wima,

423
00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:19,000
hivyo basi hapa tuna kitanzi kwamba anapata checked kama unaendelea chini ya

424
00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:22,000
katika ngazi moja au zaidi, hivyo basi macho ya kwamba

425
00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:28,000
itakuwa kupata kila moja karibu block kwa A.

426
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:38,000
Hata hivyo, pia hundi block hapa,

427
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:44,000
hivyo basi tunataka kuhakikisha kwamba sisi si kuangalia kwamba moja.

428
00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:51,000
Sasa basi, kwa kweli kuangalia kama maneno uliotangulia ni halali au si

429
00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:56,000
kisha tunataka kufanya mchakato huo kwa ajili ya mapumziko ya neno

430
00:28:56,000 --> 00:29:00,000
barring moja kwamba tumekuwa tayari kufanyika, hivyo basi hapa ni kazi mtangulizi.

431
00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:03,000
Ni wito yenyewe, na tutaweza kupata katika kuwa kidogo baadaye,

432
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:13,000
lakini inafanya mchakato huo kwa masharti yote ya baadae.

433
00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:16,000
Tumekuwa aliongea kuhusu kazi kupata.

434
00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:18,000
Sisi kuelewa nini ni kufanya.

435
00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:23,000
Ni kimsingi kuangalia kama hii neno kwamba mtumiaji alitoa

436
00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:27,000
kweli lipo kwenye bodi na kama ni hoja thamani.

437
00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:29,000
Hapa tuna kazi initialize.

438
00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:33,000
Ona kwamba utupu ni, hivyo si kwenda kuwa kurudi kwetu kitu chochote,

439
00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:36,000
lakini ni tu kwenda kufanya kitu kwa ajili yetu.

440
00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:39,000
>> Hapa mbali ya Wikipedia kuna frequency

441
00:29:39,000 --> 00:29:42,000
kwa kila herufi juu ya alfabeti ya msingi juu ya jinsi mara nyingi

442
00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:45,000
ni kutumika katika lugha ya Kiingereza.

443
00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:50,000
Unaweza kuona kwamba e ni, kwa mfano, moja ya barua maarufu kutumika.

444
00:29:50,000 --> 00:29:52,000
Tunataka populate gridi ya taifa.

445
00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:55,000
Nini kazi hii haina ni populate gridi na barua

446
00:29:55,000 --> 00:30:06,000
aina ya jamaa na frequency yao katika safu hii.

447
00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:11,000
Sasa, hii ni kwa kutumia lugha hii hapa

448
00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:14,000
akisema ukubwa wa masafa,

449
00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:16,000
Ni aina ya kesi tu maalum.

450
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:21,000
Tunaweza kweli matumizi ya kawaida ya masafa, hivyo wakati wewe kweli unataka

451
00:30:21,000 --> 00:30:26,000
kupata urefu wa safu pengine si kwenda kuwa na kutumia ya kawaida ya

452
00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:29,000
lakini badala tu kwa kutumia urefu safu.

453
00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:33,000
Unaweza kuuliza TFS yako ya kuzungumza na wewe kidogo zaidi juu ya kwamba,

454
00:30:33,000 --> 00:30:40,000
lakini tu kujua kwamba hii syntax hapa ni zaidi ya kesi maalum.

455
00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:49,000
Sasa, kwa kila kipengele katika gridi ya taifa

456
00:30:49,000 --> 00:30:53,000
tunataka kufanya barua, na hii ni kwenda kuwa pseudorandom,

457
00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:55,000
hivyo random lakini kabisa.

458
00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:58,000
Kimsingi nini hii haina ni sisi kuweka mbili mpya

459
00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:01,000
na thamani ya kati ya random 0 na 1.

460
00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:03,000
Kulingana na kwamba tunakwenda ramani kwamba,

461
00:31:03,000 --> 00:31:08,000
hivyo kusema kwamba d ni kuweka 0.6, kwa mfano.

462
00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:13,000
Kisha kama d ni 60% katika

463
00:31:13,000 --> 00:31:16,000
basi sisi ni kwenda kuangalia yote ya barua na kupata

464
00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:19,000
jamaa na jinsi mara nyingi wao ni kutumika

465
00:31:19,000 --> 00:31:21,000
nini 60% in

466
00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:24,000
Hii si tu 60% ya alfabeti lakini badala

467
00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:28,000
inachukua hadi nafasi hii kubwa, na kisha b inachukua hadi kiasi hiki,

468
00:31:28,000 --> 00:31:31,000
na kisha e, kwa mfano, itachukua kiasi hiki.

469
00:31:31,000 --> 00:31:35,000
Kulingana na urefu jamaa au masafa

470
00:31:35,000 --> 00:31:39,000
ya barua hizi tunakwenda ramani kwamba thamani random

471
00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:43,000
kati ya 0 na 1 kwa barua maalum.

472
00:31:43,000 --> 00:31:45,000
Hiyo ni nini code hii haina hapa,

473
00:31:45,000 --> 00:31:52,000
na kisha hapa k ni kama mabadiliko ya pamoja ambapo

474
00:31:52,000 --> 00:31:59,000
katika barua tunataka kuwa, na hivyo sisi kuweka tabia katika gridi ya taifa

475
00:31:59,000 --> 00:32:04,000
kuwa k +.

476
00:32:04,000 --> 00:32:07,000
>> Ona kwamba nyuma kufikiri kwa tamaa

477
00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:11,000
tulikuwa na kutumia kazi pande zote ya kukabiliana na kutokuwa sahihi floating-kumweka hapa,

478
00:32:11,000 --> 00:32:14,000
hivyo vile vile tulikuwa kuchukua katika akaunti ya kwamba wakati mwingine

479
00:32:14,000 --> 00:32:18,000
ikifungwa si nini hasa sisi nia yao kuwa,

480
00:32:18,000 --> 00:32:27,000
hivyo tunataka kufanya catch kwa ajili hiyo.

481
00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:32,000
Ndipo hapa sisi kwenda katika faili I / O, kimsingi kusoma na kuandika kwa files,

482
00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:34,000
ambayo utapata ndani ya baadaye lakini sio kabisa bado,

483
00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:39,000
hivyo kimsingi hii kufungua faili kamusi, wasomaji nini katika hilo,

484
00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:42,000
na kisha unaweka ndani ya safu.

485
00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:46,000
Ona kwamba sisi kuweka katika struct kwamba tumekuwa alitangaza, struct kamusi,

486
00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:53,000
na hivyo kamusi ina safu kuitwa maneno yanayohusiana na hayo,

487
00:32:53,000 --> 00:33:00,000
hivyo kile ni kufanya ni kusema kamusi, maneno katika ripoti hii hasa

488
00:33:00,000 --> 00:33:04,000
ni vile vile na thamani.

489
00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:10,000
Kisha sisi ni karibu kumaliza code usambazaji.

490
00:33:10,000 --> 00:33:13,000
Sisi hatimaye kuwa na kazi lookup ambapo una maoni

491
00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:18,000
mwelekezaji juu ya nini kificho kwamba lazima kufanya.

492
00:33:18,000 --> 00:33:21,000
Luke utaangalia juu neno katika kamusi

493
00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:24,000
na kwa muda mrefu kama kama neno kwamba haijawahi kupatikana tayari

494
00:33:24,000 --> 00:33:29,000
kisha bendera ni kama kupatikana hivyo user wanaweza kutumia tena

495
00:33:29,000 --> 00:33:33,000
lakini pia anarudi kufikiri kweli nyuma kazi kuu tena,

496
00:33:33,000 --> 00:33:37,000
anarudi kweli, hivyo anasema kuwa neno ambalo linaweza alifunga.

497
00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:39,000
>> Na kisha hatimaye una kazi kinyang'anyiro,

498
00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:42,000
ambayo ni kazi nyingine ya utupu sababu ni kufanya kitu

499
00:33:42,000 --> 00:33:45,000
lakini si kurudi chochote, ili kile kinyang'anyiro kufanya kazi

500
00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:51,000
ni mzunguko gridi 90 ° clockwise.

501
00:33:51,000 --> 00:33:55,000
Najua kwamba anaweza kuwa kidogo mbaya, lakini ni muhimu kufanya.

502
00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:57,000
Watch mimi kwenda kwa code usambazaji,

503
00:33:57,000 --> 00:33:59,000
lakini pia, jaribu kwenda kwa njia hiyo mwenyewe.

504
00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:04,000
Nini mimi kama kwa kufanya ni ramani ni nje ya kuelewa

505
00:34:04,000 --> 00:34:15,000
nini mpango huu na wote wa kazi hizo kwa kweli kufanya?

506
00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:18,000
Kama ningekuwa kupitia code usambazaji tena,

507
00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:21,000
sasa kwamba mimi aina ya hisia ya nini kinaendelea basi napenda kusema

508
00:34:21,000 --> 00:34:28,000
sisi kuanza na kazi yetu kuu,

509
00:34:28,000 --> 00:34:36,000
na kisha Nadhani kitu cha kwanza ni gani ni wito mzigo,

510
00:34:36,000 --> 00:34:40,000
hivyo kuu wito mzigo, lakini mzigo ni kazi bure,

511
00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:45,000
hivyo basi kile mimi kufanya zinaonyesha kwamba ni kuweka tu arrow moja

512
00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:48,000
akizungumzia mzigo kwa sababu kuu anaiita.

513
00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:56,000
Jambo la pili ni initialize.

514
00:34:56,000 --> 00:34:59,000
Wito Kuu initialize,

515
00:34:59,000 --> 00:35:02,000
na kisha kama sisi kuangalia nyuma katika kazi yetu kuu

516
00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:06,000
Nadhani hii Kilichofuata kwamba itakuwa hivyo,

517
00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:09,000
haki hapa kuna tani ya mambo mbalimbali ambayo ni wito kuu,

518
00:35:09,000 --> 00:35:13,000
lakini sasa hivi mimi tu kulenga ndio kubwa zaidi

519
00:35:13,000 --> 00:35:18,000
husika kwa kificho, hivyo mimi si ikiwa ni pamoja na i au mambo kama hayo.

520
00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:25,000
Kisha kilichofuata kwamba hana ni clears yake,

521
00:35:25,000 --> 00:35:29,000
na wakati huo kuteka,

522
00:35:29,000 --> 00:35:36,000
na hivyo najua kwamba kusogea ni kitu ambacho sisi ni kwenda kufanya.

523
00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:38,000
Hiyo ni kazi sare.

524
00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:44,000
Baadaye tunaona kwamba moja ijayo ni kidogo-

525
00:35:44,000 --> 00:35:57,000
hivyo basi tuna kinyang'anyiro.

526
00:35:57,000 --> 00:36:02,000
Na kisha sisi kupata, hivyo kupata ni kazi nyingine.

527
00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:07,000
Tunaona kwamba kupata ni-kama unakumbuka nyuma ni kazi ya bulin,

528
00:36:07,000 --> 00:36:09,000
hivyo kwamba ni kweli kwenda na kurudi kitu nyuma yetu.

529
00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:18,000
Ndipo hapa mimi zinaonyesha kwamba kwa sisi kuwa na kupata,

530
00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:29,000
na kisha sisi pia Luke.

531
00:36:29,000 --> 00:36:32,000
Lakini basi kukumbuka kwamba pia kuna kazi hii kutambaa

532
00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:35,030
kwamba haionekani wameitwa katika kuu,

533
00:36:35,030 --> 00:36:39,000
hivyo hiyo ina maana kwamba baadhi ya kazi nyingine ni wito kutambaa,

534
00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:41,000
na kama wewe tafuta nyuma kupitia code usambazaji

535
00:36:41,000 --> 00:36:46,000
unaweza kuona kwamba kupata hapa ni moja kwamba anatumia kutambaa,

536
00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:52,000
hivyo basi kupata basi pia Viungo kutambaa,

537
00:36:52,000 --> 00:36:55,090
ambayo ni thamani ya bulin, ambayo anarudi kitu,

538
00:36:55,090 --> 00:36:58,000
hivyo mimi nina akiongeza mwingine kitu, na kisha tangu kutambaa ni kujirudia

539
00:36:58,000 --> 00:37:03,000
pia matanzi nyuma yenyewe.

540
00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:07,000
>> Kisha kama unaweza kuona hapa Nimekuwa kuchora picha ya nini mpango wetu inaonekana kama,

541
00:37:07,000 --> 00:37:10,000
hivyo kuelewa mahusiano kati ya baadhi ya kazi,

542
00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:14,000
na kwenda nyuma na kwamba wewe pia kuona utaratibu wa mchezo

543
00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:24,000
na mantiki ya jinsi gani mpango mchezo ni kwenda kuendelea.

544
00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:27,000
Tumekuwa kusoma code usambazaji.

545
00:37:27,000 --> 00:37:29,000
kazi ya kwanza kwamba wewe ni kwenda kutaka kutekeleza,

546
00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:32,000
au moja ya kazi ya kwamba unataka kutekeleza ni kuteka,

547
00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:37,000
na hivyo hapa kwa kweli kuwa na kidogo ya uhuru na hili.

548
00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:43,000
Tukiangalia wafanyakazi ufumbuzi-

549
00:37:43,000 --> 00:37:54,000
Mimi naenda kufungua dirisha terminal, kwa kweli,

550
00:37:54,000 --> 00:38:05,000
pset3/scramble.

551
00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:09,000
Scratch kwamba. Nadhani haja ya update appliance yangu.

552
00:38:09,000 --> 00:38:12,000
Kama wewe kucheza na ufumbuzi wafanyakazi wa kinyang'anyiro-

553
00:38:12,000 --> 00:38:14,000
maelekezo ni katika spec kwa kuwa-

554
00:38:14,000 --> 00:38:20,000
basi unaweza kuona jinsi wameweza kuchapishwa bodi mchezo,

555
00:38:20,000 --> 00:38:23,000
lakini kimsingi wanachokifanya ni wao kuweka mazingira kati ya tabia ya kila,

556
00:38:23,000 --> 00:38:27,000
lakini una uhuru kidogo kwa hili, hivyo kama unataka magazeti mistari, kwa mfano,

557
00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:31,000
baina yao basi unaweza kufanya hivyo.

558
00:38:31,000 --> 00:38:38,000
Unataka kufikiri nyuma kwa jinsi sisi iterate juu ya mambo yote ya safu 2D,

559
00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:41,000
na utasikia wanataka magazeti hayo, kuhakikisha kwamba una kitanzi yako

560
00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:49,000
na kuwa na magazeti majukumu yako kama kwamba wewe ni uchapishaji ili haki.

561
00:38:49,000 --> 00:38:54,000
Kama unataka iteration yako kitanzi kwa-wakati iterate juu yake

562
00:38:54,000 --> 00:39:03,000
na wewe kutumia fahirisi kuhakikisha kuwa wewe ni katika uchapishaji ili haki.

563
00:39:03,000 --> 00:39:06,000
>> Kushughulika na arrays 2D kwa mara ya kwanza inaweza kuwa utata kidogo,

564
00:39:06,000 --> 00:39:12,000
hivyo hapa kwenye slide hii nimepata alifanya meza kwamba inaonyesha wewe

565
00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:16,000
kwa kila doa kutolewa katika safu 2D nini fahirisi ni,

566
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:19,000
hivyo kama unataka kurejea katika hili kwa ajili ya kuangalia haraka

567
00:39:19,000 --> 00:39:22,000
au kwa ajili ya kumbukumbu au kitu kama hicho basi unaweza kutumia hii.

568
00:39:22,000 --> 00:39:30,000
nguzo ni katika rangi za bluu, na safu ni katika nyekundu.

569
00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:34,000
kazi lookup ni namna mbili.

570
00:39:34,000 --> 00:39:37,000
Luke-na ni bulin kazi-kutuambia

571
00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:43,000
kweli au uongo kwamba neno user-in

572
00:39:43,000 --> 00:39:46,000
unaweza kukubalika kama thamani halali,

573
00:39:46,000 --> 00:39:51,000
na hivyo neno katika kinyang'anyiro ni halali tu

574
00:39:51,000 --> 00:39:56,000
ikiwa ni kupatikana katika kamusi na kama ni kweli kupatikana katika bodi,

575
00:39:56,000 --> 00:40:02,000
na hivyo kumbuka kwamba lookup una kutekeleza hili na wewe mwenyewe,

576
00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:10,000
hivyo unataka kuangalia mambo mawili,

577
00:40:10,000 --> 00:40:16,000
kama ni kweli neno katika kamusi na kama ni kuwa kupatikana tayari.

578
00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:18,940
Kumbuka nyuma kamusi kimataifa variable,

579
00:40:18,940 --> 00:40:24,160
ambayo ni struct kwamba tumekuwa alifanya kwamba kimsingi ina int kuitwa ukubwa

580
00:40:24,160 --> 00:40:27,290
yanayohusiana na hayo kama vile array ya maneno,

581
00:40:27,290 --> 00:40:32,030
ambapo neno ni mpya data aina.

582
00:40:32,030 --> 00:40:36,910
Hivyo kupata, kwa mfano, na ukubwa wa kamusi au safu maneno,

583
00:40:36,910 --> 00:40:39,840
basi nini unaweza kufanya ni kuandika tu 'dictionary.size,'

584
00:40:39,840 --> 00:40:42,580
sawa na njia ambayo wewe ingekuwa tu kutumia yoyote variable nyingine.

585
00:40:42,580 --> 00:40:48,550
Hivyo kama dictionary.size inawakilisha ukubwa wa kamusi,

586
00:40:48,550 --> 00:40:51,450
vile vile, dictionary.words inawakilisha safu.

587
00:40:51,450 --> 00:40:54,690
Hivyo kama alitaka kupata neno fulani ndani ya kamusi,

588
00:40:54,690 --> 00:40:59,020
basi ingekuwa kuongeza index

589
00:40:59,020 --> 00:41:03,130
kwa sababu wewe ingekuwa kusema 'dictionary.words katika index i'

590
00:41:03,130 --> 00:41:06,050
na kisha kufanya kitu kwa kuzingatia kwamba.

591
00:41:06,050 --> 00:41:09,950
Hivyo kujua kwamba kamusi ina ukubwa fulani yanayohusiana na hayo,

592
00:41:09,950 --> 00:41:13,720
kama vile array ya maneno, kwa kuangalia kama kitu ni katika kamusi,

593
00:41:13,720 --> 00:41:16,870
basi ingekuwa kwa interate juu ya kamusi

594
00:41:16,870 --> 00:41:20,610
kuangalia kama neno kwamba ni kupatikana.

595
00:41:20,610 --> 00:41:25,720
>> Sasa, kama unafikiri nyuma kwa hotuba, wakati sisi aliyesema kuhusu njia mbalimbali kutafuta mambo,

596
00:41:25,720 --> 00:41:30,690
basi kumbuka kwamba tafuta linear pengine daima si njia bora ya kwenda.

597
00:41:30,690 --> 00:41:36,600
Lakini ni dhahiri ni njia moja ya kutafuta kitu fulani.

598
00:41:36,600 --> 00:41:39,540
Wakati mwingine unaweza kupata kwamba wewe kutekeleza kazi yako na kupata

599
00:41:39,540 --> 00:41:42,650
linear tafuta kwa mara ya kwanza na kisha kupata mapumziko ya mpango wako kwenda.

600
00:41:42,650 --> 00:41:47,480
Na kisha baadaye unaweza kurudi na kubadilisha njia kwamba wewe kutafuta njia kwa ajili ya neno.

601
00:41:47,480 --> 00:41:52,010
Ili kukabiliana - kimsingi kujua kwamba - kujua jinsi ya kupata

602
00:41:52,010 --> 00:41:55,650
maneno safu ya kamusi, kwamba kukabiliana kuangalia kuona

603
00:41:55,650 --> 00:41:58,190
kama neno kwamba ni kweli katika kamusi au la.

604
00:41:58,190 --> 00:42:06,540
Lakini basi sisi pia haja ya kukabiliana na kwamba neno kwamba ni juu ya bodi.

605
00:42:06,540 --> 00:42:08,540
Na kama hiyo imekuwa kupatikana tayari.

606
00:42:08,540 --> 00:42:12,670
Hivyo sisi tayari kupata kazi, kumbuka.

607
00:42:12,670 --> 00:42:18,310
Inaonyesha su, lakini ni neno gani?

608
00:42:18,310 --> 00:42:22,330
Hii si suala falsafa lakini, badala yake, kuangalia ufafanuzi aina.

609
00:42:22,330 --> 00:42:27,250
Tuna bulin iitwayo 'kupatikana' kama vile array ya wahusika

610
00:42:27,250 --> 00:42:29,570
kwamba inawakilisha kwamba neno.

611
00:42:29,570 --> 00:42:35,940
Hivyo wakati wewe kurudi lookup, wewe unataka kuangalia kama neno kwamba imekuwa kupatikana au la.

612
00:42:35,940 --> 00:42:43,040
Sasa, wakijua kwamba bulin kupatikana - kupatikana ni jina la bulin

613
00:42:43,040 --> 00:42:49,660
hiyo ni kuhusishwa na kila neno - basi, jinsi gani unaweza kupata kwamba variable,

614
00:42:49,660 --> 00:43:01,590
kufikiri nyuma jinsi sisi kupatikana vigezo ndani ya kamusi?

615
00:43:01,590 --> 00:43:05,120
Hivyo hapa tulikuwa na kamusi, na kisha sisi alisema dot kawaida, sawa?

616
00:43:05,120 --> 00:43:08,170
Vile vile, wakati tuna neno na, katika kesi hii, kuwa makini kwa sababu

617
00:43:08,170 --> 00:43:13,340
neno ni tu nyingine yoyote data aina, kama tu int au kamba.

618
00:43:13,340 --> 00:43:19,640
Hivyo unaweza si tu kusema 'neno' isipokuwa hiyo ni jina yake.

619
00:43:19,640 --> 00:43:24,540
Mtakuja kuwa na kutofautiana kwa jina, na kisha mara moja tu na kwamba,

620
00:43:24,540 --> 00:43:29,980
kusema kwamba ni wito foo, kwa mfano, basi unaweza kusema 'foo.found,'

621
00:43:29,980 --> 00:43:39,560
na kwamba atarudi wewe thamani ya bulin ya kwamba neno kwamba imekuwa kupatikana au la.

622
00:43:39,560 --> 00:43:46,960
>> Hivyo basi sehemu ya pili ya pset ni kutekeleza kinyang'anyiro,

623
00:43:46,960 --> 00:43:51,630
ambapo wakati wowote pembejeo user kinyang'anyiro - na ambayo tayari yameshughulikiwa

624
00:43:51,630 --> 00:43:54,280
hapa katika code usambazaji - wewe tu haja ya kutekeleza

625
00:43:54,280 --> 00:44:03,170
kinyang'anyiro kazi ambayo tayari aliwaelekeza wewe kwa mzunguko wa bodi 90 ° clockwise.

626
00:44:03,170 --> 00:44:07,380
Kama kwa spec, maelekezo kusema kwamba bodi rotates 90 ° clockwise

627
00:44:07,380 --> 00:44:16,180
vile kwamba thamani katika gridi ya taifa [0] [0] kisha wahamie kwenye gridi ya Taifa [0] [mwelekeo -1.]

628
00:44:16,180 --> 00:44:38,240
Katika kesi hiyo, kwa kinyang'anyiro, mwelekeo wetu ni 4, hivyo 0-0 ingekuwa basi ramani kwa 0-3.

629
00:44:38,240 --> 00:44:41,210
Hebu kuteka hii nje kuona nini ili kuangalia kama.

630
00:44:41,210 --> 00:44:49,620
Sitakuja kufanya 4 x 4 gridi lakini badala x 3 3 moja.

631
00:44:49,620 --> 00:44:52,470
Hebu kusema hii ni inchi 2D safu.

632
00:44:52,470 --> 00:45:02,040
Mimi tu anaenda tu - wote haki.

633
00:45:02,040 --> 00:45:12,110
Hivyo kusema tunataka kinyang'anyiro hii; tunataka mzunguko ni 90 ° clockwise.

634
00:45:12,110 --> 00:45:22,320
Tunajua kwamba, kama kianzio, thamani katika 0-0, ambayo katika kesi hii ni 0 idadi,

635
00:45:22,320 --> 00:45:28,950
ni kwenda ramani kwa mstari 0, basi safu mwelekeo -1.

636
00:45:28,950 --> 00:45:31,570
Na hivyo kwamba, katika kesi hii, mwelekeo ni 3.

637
00:45:31,570 --> 00:45:37,400
Hivyo basi 0 ingekuwa hoja ya mstari 0, safu 2.

638
00:45:37,400 --> 00:45:41,910
Hivyo tuna 0 idadi huko.

639
00:45:41,910 --> 00:45:45,970
Kimsingi nini tuko kufanya ni sisi ni kuchukua hii,

640
00:45:45,970 --> 00:45:52,840
kimwili kupokezana hivyo basi 2 wangeweza kwenda kona hii,

641
00:45:52,840 --> 00:45:57,620
8 ingekuwa kisha kwenda kona hii, 6 na hii.

642
00:45:57,620 --> 00:46:07,840
Na kisha wengine ni bila kuangalia kama -

643
00:46:07,840 --> 00:46:15,180
Hivyo kwamba ni nini gridi inaonekana kama wakati una mafanikio scrambled yake.

644
00:46:15,180 --> 00:46:17,410
Wakati wewe ni kutekeleza kazi kinyang'anyiro, nini utasikia wanataka kufanya

645
00:46:17,410 --> 00:46:22,520
ni kuona, vizuri, jinsi gani naweza kuchukua nafasi ya maadili haya?

646
00:46:22,520 --> 00:46:26,090
Je, kuna baadhi ya aina ya muundo au aina fulani ya formula kuamua

647
00:46:26,090 --> 00:46:29,900
ambapo index fulani huenda?

648
00:46:29,900 --> 00:46:42,470
Kwa mfano, mimi ili kuangalia kuona kwamba 3-4-5 hapa ni mfululizo.

649
00:46:42,470 --> 00:46:44,650
Ambapo mwingine, ninaona 3-4-5?

650
00:46:44,650 --> 00:46:49,410
Naam mimi kuona hapa.

651
00:46:49,410 --> 00:47:02,360
Vile vile, naona kama 6-7-8 mstari, lakini basi ni kweli safu hapa.

652
00:47:02,360 --> 00:47:07,830
Hiyo ni mfano kwamba mimi kuona sasa hivi, lakini kuna wachache ndio pengine nyingine.

653
00:47:07,830 --> 00:47:11,980
Kulingana na kwamba, kufikiri ya baadhi ya aina ya muundo, baadhi ya aina ya njia.

654
00:47:11,980 --> 00:47:20,290
Mara ve kutambuliwa moja, basi wewe ni kwenda kutaka upya maadili katika gridi ya taifa.

655
00:47:20,290 --> 00:47:25,480
Hivyo gridi 0-0 itakuwa 6, gridi ya 0-1 itakuwa 3.

656
00:47:25,480 --> 00:47:32,990
Lakini kumbuka kwamba you'll - kwa mfano, kama wewe upya hii haki mbali,

657
00:47:32,990 --> 00:47:49,170
kusema kwamba gridi 0-2 inakuwa 0 sasa, basi kupoteza kile 2 alikuwa huko.

658
00:47:49,170 --> 00:47:52,380
Hivyo kufikiri nyuma, ni haitoshi tu reassign haki mbali.

659
00:47:52,380 --> 00:47:56,420
Pengine utasikia wanataka kufanya nakala ya muda ya kitu

660
00:47:56,420 --> 00:48:08,380
kabla ya wewe kweli kuiweka katika mahali sahihi.

661
00:48:08,380 --> 00:48:11,860
>> Jambo la mwisho ni kutekeleza kesi insensitivity.

662
00:48:11,860 --> 00:48:19,310
Kama ukiangalia nyuma, tafuta na doa katika spec ambapo mtumiaji pembejeo kamba.

663
00:48:19,310 --> 00:48:22,700
Kama unakumbuka nyuma, kufikiri nyuma - oh, mimi erased ramani.

664
00:48:22,700 --> 00:48:30,300
Kama unafikiri nyuma kwa ramani ya mpango wako, ni ndani ya kazi kuu,

665
00:48:30,300 --> 00:48:33,850
ili kuangalia kwa ambapo wewe ni kushughulika na kamba user-inputted,

666
00:48:33,850 --> 00:48:38,260
na kisha ndani ya huko, nadhani ya zana kwamba kujifunza kutoka yako

667
00:48:38,260 --> 00:48:43,690
crypto pset, pset 2, na kisha kufikiria njia ambayo unaweza kuwa na uwezo wa

668
00:48:43,690 --> 00:48:48,640
kuruhusu kwa mtumiaji pembejeo kama kesi mchanganyiko.

669
00:48:48,640 --> 00:48:53,980
Hivyo wangeweza kuwa na mchanganyiko wa uppercases na lowercases, lakini kwamba lazima bado kuwa halali.

670
00:48:53,980 --> 00:48:59,770
Katika kamusi, wanakumbuka wakati sisi wazi juu ya kwamba faili, kila neno alikuwa kuhifadhiwa kama uppercase wote.

671
00:48:59,770 --> 00:49:05,880
Lakini hatutaki mtumiaji kuwa na pembejeo uppercase wakati wote.

672
00:49:05,880 --> 00:49:12,150
Je, mtu yeyote kufikiria njia ili tuweze kuwa na uwezo wa kuruhusu user,

673
00:49:12,150 --> 00:49:18,320
ingawa wao inputted wote lowercase, kwa mfano? Yeah?

674
00:49:18,320 --> 00:49:20,540
[Mwanafunzi] Unaweza kufanya hivyo kwa juu?

675
00:49:20,540 --> 00:49:23,470
Yeah, kwa uhakika. Unaweza kufanya hivyo kwa juu.

676
00:49:23,470 --> 00:49:27,670
Hivyo unaweza kubadilisha wote wa barua ya uppercase, na kisha

677
00:49:27,670 --> 00:49:30,950
kwamba njia ya kuhakikisha kwamba kwamba ni kwenda kuwa nakala halisi

678
00:49:30,950 --> 00:49:35,410
wa chochote kupatikana katika kamusi, ikiwa ni katika kamusi.

679
00:49:35,410 --> 00:49:40,910
Mkuu. Tuna kidogo ya kushoto wakati.

680
00:49:40,910 --> 00:49:47,530
>> Hivyo baadhi ya mambo ambayo unaweza kukutana katika pset hii ni haja ya kujua

681
00:49:47,530 --> 00:49:52,400
nini vigezo yako ni katika hatua fulani katika muda.

682
00:49:52,400 --> 00:49:57,000
Kwa sababu katika spec tuna kazi wazi kwamba kimsingi

683
00:49:57,000 --> 00:50:05,500
clears chochote ve inayotolewa juu ya bodi, erases yote na kisha liandike tena juu ya kwamba,

684
00:50:05,500 --> 00:50:10,630
unaweza, wakati wewe kuandika pset yako, si kweli unataka kuwa kutokea.

685
00:50:10,630 --> 00:50:13,810
Kwa sababu utasikia wanataka kuona, sawa, mara moja mimi kuingia katika kinyang'anyiro hiki, kwa mfano,

686
00:50:13,810 --> 00:50:19,720
mara moja mimi kuingia katika kinyang'anyiro, ni nini kufanya na nini ilikuwa ni kabla, tu kwa ajili ya kumbukumbu.

687
00:50:19,720 --> 00:50:24,680
Hivyo basi nini unaweza kutaka kufanya ni kwenda nyuma kazi yako kuu

688
00:50:24,680 --> 00:50:31,530
na maoni nje ya wazi, kwa mfano.

689
00:50:31,530 --> 00:50:34,060
Hivyo basi wakati wewe kuendesha programu yako wakati ujao,

690
00:50:34,060 --> 00:50:45,210
mpango wenu si wazi badala na mapenzi tu kuendelea kuchapa juu ya kwamba.

691
00:50:45,210 --> 00:50:47,210
Kuna baadhi ya njia nyingine ya utatuaji pia.

692
00:50:47,210 --> 00:50:51,500
Nini unaweza kufanya ni unaweza pamoja kauli f magazeti, nadhani.

693
00:50:51,500 --> 00:50:57,460
Jambo moja kwamba nikaona katika psets kwamba mimi graded ilikuwa kwamba watu ni pamoja na kauli f magazeti

694
00:50:57,460 --> 00:51:02,710
kuchapa nje vigezo katika hatua fulani katika muda wa kuweka wimbo.

695
00:51:02,710 --> 00:51:06,820
Lakini tu kuhakikisha kwamba mwishoni, mara moja ya kumaliza kuandika magazeti yako kauli f wote

696
00:51:06,820 --> 00:51:11,610
kwa wewe kuweka wimbo wa mambo, kwamba maoni yao nje, baadaye,

697
00:51:11,610 --> 00:51:15,530
au kuzifuta mara moja ya kumaliza.

698
00:51:15,530 --> 00:51:21,890
Hiyo ni njia nyingine kwamba unaweza kufanya kitu, ungeweza kuandika tu katika taarifa f magazeti

699
00:51:21,890 --> 00:51:26,260
mahali fulani kwamba ni muhimu na kuona, kwa kuzingatia kile terminal Prints nje,

700
00:51:26,260 --> 00:51:28,950
nini variable kwamba alikuwa.

701
00:51:28,950 --> 00:51:33,320
>> Njia nyingine ya kufanya hivyo, kwamba tutaweza kuingia kwa undani zaidi wakati wa hotuba,

702
00:51:33,320 --> 00:51:36,710
ni GDB, ambayo ni chombo debugging.

703
00:51:36,710 --> 00:51:47,270
Kimsingi, wakati wewe kukimbia, hivyo itabidi kwenda katika mpango wako na unaweza kuwa ni mapema

704
00:51:47,270 --> 00:51:51,500
hatua moja kwa wakati badala ya kutathmini kila kitu.

705
00:51:51,500 --> 00:51:54,770
Hivyo basi unaweza kuvunja juu katika hatua kidogo, na kisha kwa kuzingatia njia -

706
00:51:54,770 --> 00:52:00,230
na kisha njiani magazeti mambo na kuona nini maadili ni.

707
00:52:00,230 --> 00:52:07,830
Na kwamba husaidia takwimu nje ambapo mdudu katika code yako inaweza kuwa.

708
00:52:07,830 --> 00:52:12,970
Nini tunaweza kufanya hivi sasa ni kuandika kazi haraka na kisha

709
00:52:12,970 --> 00:52:19,780
kuona jinsi sisi inaweza kuwa na uwezo wa kutumia GDB kuona nini kinaendelea.

710
00:52:19,780 --> 00:52:23,410
Basi hebu na int kuu, na kisha nini sisi kama vigezo kwa kuu?

711
00:52:23,410 --> 00:52:32,690
Tuna int ARG c, na ARG string v

712
00:52:32,690 --> 00:52:44,900
Mimi naenda kuwaokoa hii katika walkthrough kama GDB.z. Wote haki.

713
00:52:44,900 --> 00:52:48,300
Mimi naenda kuwa kurudi 0.

714
00:52:48,300 --> 00:52:59,390
Hivyo jinsi kuhusu hebu kuwa na rahisi kwa kitanzi; hebu kuwa 12.

715
00:52:59,390 --> 00:53:06,750
Hebu pia kuwa int aitwaye counter, na

716
00:53:06,750 --> 00:53:11,910
tunaweza kuanza kwamba ifikapo 0. Sawa.

717
00:53:11,910 --> 00:53:17,760
Hivyo katika kila hatua katika kwa kitanzi, hebu kusema kwamba tunataka kuongeza counter

718
00:53:17,760 --> 00:53:26,980
au kuzidisha hivyo kwa chochote i ni.

719
00:53:26,980 --> 00:53:39,650
Hii ni kazi pretty mfupi.

720
00:53:39,650 --> 00:53:46,290
Hebu kufanya GDB. Oh! Na kisha - Clang ni smart.

721
00:53:46,290 --> 00:54:03,780
Inaniambia kwamba sikuwa pamoja cs50.h.

722
00:54:03,780 --> 00:54:16,160
Wote haki. Hivyo sasa tunataka -

723
00:54:16,160 --> 00:54:32,740
Kweli, sorry guys. Mimi naenda rename faili tu kwa sababu ni kidogo utata.

724
00:54:32,740 --> 00:54:43,630
>> Wote haki. Hivyo sasa ni nini tunataka kufanya ni, tunataka kuanza GDB.

725
00:54:43,630 --> 00:54:51,750
Mimi alisema 'GDB debugging,' hivyo kimsingi ni kwenda kuwa na kuweka kulenga debugging hii,

726
00:54:51,750 --> 00:54:55,540
faili debugging.

727
00:54:55,540 --> 00:54:57,930
Mimi naenda kuweka breakpoint.

728
00:54:57,930 --> 00:55:01,160
Kimsingi, mpango huo kwenda kukimbia mpaka hits saa breakpoint fulani.

729
00:55:01,160 --> 00:55:04,910
Mimi nina kwenda kusema mapumziko katika hafla kuu.

730
00:55:04,910 --> 00:55:12,680
Hivyo sasa mimi naenda kukimbia debugging; hivyo ndani ya GDB siwezi kukimbia code.

731
00:55:12,680 --> 00:55:17,710
Ni mbio mpango, na hata ingawa kuu ilikuwa moja ya mambo ya kwanza kwamba sisi aliandika,

732
00:55:17,710 --> 00:55:20,870
sisi pia kuwa ni pamoja na files; kuna mambo kinachoendelea tayari.

733
00:55:20,870 --> 00:55:25,930
Ina breakpoint katika kuu.

734
00:55:25,930 --> 00:55:29,900
Hebu sema 'ijayo,' ili tuweze kuendelea.

735
00:55:29,900 --> 00:55:33,300
Ni anasema "int counter = 0."

736
00:55:33,300 --> 00:55:39,310
Mimi naenda kusema 'magazeti counter.'

737
00:55:39,310 --> 00:55:42,980
Hii ni ajabu. Hivyo kimsingi tunatarajia counters kuwa 0,

738
00:55:42,980 --> 00:55:46,680
lakini GDB ni hatua moja nyuma, hivyo wakati wowote wewe kusema ijayo,

739
00:55:46,680 --> 00:55:50,350
inasema int counter = 0. Hiyo ni jambo la pili kwamba ni kwenda kutekeleza.

740
00:55:50,350 --> 00:55:56,160
Kisha bonyeza - unaweza kusema karibu tena, au unaweza kusema tu 'n'

741
00:55:56,160 --> 00:56:02,400
na sasa kama wewe magazeti counter, counter ni 0, kama sisi kutarajia.

742
00:56:02,400 --> 00:56:07,570
Kimsingi, ni inajenga aina yake mwenyewe ya vigezo kwa ajili yake, lakini chochote pale -

743
00:56:07,570 --> 00:56:12,120
kama haki hapa; kwamba ni nini counter inawakilisha.

744
00:56:12,120 --> 00:56:15,180
Hivyo nina kwenda kwa bonyeza ijayo, na Mimi nataka kujua nini i ni.

745
00:56:15,180 --> 00:56:21,270
Wewe utakuwa magazeti i, i ni 0, kama sisi kutarajia.

746
00:56:21,270 --> 00:56:25,630
Next tena, ni kuonyesha kwamba ni kwenda kupitia kwa kitanzi tena,

747
00:56:25,630 --> 00:56:32,970
hivyo kama mimi i magazeti, kwa mfano, naona ya kuwa sisi ni juu - kuwa i ni 1 kwa sasa.

748
00:56:32,970 --> 00:56:36,150
Basi hiyo ni njia, kwamba kama wewe kuweka breakpoint katika kazi fulani

749
00:56:36,150 --> 00:56:39,520
na kisha kuendelea kwenda ijayo, na kisha kuangalia nini i ni,

750
00:56:39,520 --> 00:56:45,790
kama una dhana kwamba labda mahali fulani kitu si kinachotokea kama ni lazima,

751
00:56:45,790 --> 00:56:51,340
na mtuhumiwa kuwa labda ni katika index kwanza au index mwisho au kitu,

752
00:56:51,340 --> 00:57:00,110
unaweza kutumia GDB, kuendelea kuchapa i, kuwa na uwezo wa kuangalia nini wale maadili ni.

753
00:57:00,110 --> 00:57:05,830
Hivyo basi, katika GDB, kwa sababu magazeti na ijayo ni vile hoja ya kawaida,

754
00:57:05,830 --> 00:57:11,240
kawaida amri, kama mimi abbreviated ijayo n,

755
00:57:11,240 --> 00:57:22,010
Mimi pia naweza kusema tu p counter; kwamba bado 0.

756
00:57:22,010 --> 00:57:25,610
Kisha mimi bonyeza ijayo. Nataka magazeti counter tena.

757
00:57:25,610 --> 00:57:26,790
Naam, hivyo kwamba bado 0.

758
00:57:26,790 --> 00:57:39,010
>> Na wewe ni aina ya wanashangaa - vizuri, nataka counter kuwa kazi factorial.

759
00:57:39,010 --> 00:57:43,930
Kwa nini - tu katika mbinu ya debugging - kwa nini wapate kuwa kuwa?

760
00:57:43,930 --> 00:57:48,160
Kwa nini ni counter si kuongeza thamani yake?

761
00:57:48,160 --> 00:57:53,100
Kwa nini ni kukaa 0?

762
00:57:53,100 --> 00:57:59,320
Naam, hapa nina - nyuma katika hapa nasema counter counter = x i.

763
00:57:59,320 --> 00:58:02,180
Hivyo basi kama mimi kwenda nyuma mwanzo wa kazi yangu,

764
00:58:02,180 --> 00:58:09,520
Mimi naona kwamba wakati mimi printed i, i ni 0, na nini 0 x chochote?

765
00:58:09,520 --> 00:58:13,700
Ni 0, haki? Hivyo kwamba pengine sababu counter

766
00:58:13,700 --> 00:58:16,960
ni kamwe kwenda kuwa namba nyingine yoyote.

767
00:58:16,960 --> 00:58:21,920
Hivyo basi nini mimi kutaka kufanya ni kwenda nyuma fuction yangu,

768
00:58:21,920 --> 00:58:27,410
kusema, sawa, vizuri kwa kweli, mimi nataka kuanza ni saa 1.

769
00:58:27,410 --> 00:58:32,150
Ni kwamba kwenda kutatua mambo?

770
00:58:32,150 --> 00:58:34,550
Si kabisa, kwa sababu counter bado 0 hapa.

771
00:58:34,550 --> 00:58:42,390
Basi hebu kuweka kwamba kwa 1.

772
00:58:42,390 --> 00:58:49,040
Tunataka kuweka upya debugging wetu chombo, hivyo hebu kujiondoa.

773
00:58:49,040 --> 00:58:54,000
Na kisha nini tunaweza kufanya ni tunaweza GDB debugging tena,

774
00:58:54,000 --> 00:59:05,620
kuweka mapumziko katika kuu, na kisha kukimbia debugging tena, pili, pili, pili.

775
00:59:05,620 --> 00:59:12,520
Hebu hit ijayo mara chache, na kisha tutaweza magazeti counter, kuona kwamba -

776
00:59:12,520 --> 00:59:16,140
hatukuwa usahihi kufanya faili tena.

777
00:59:16,140 --> 00:59:19,500
Hata ingawa sisi iliyopita chanzo code, basi sisi kweli

778
00:59:19,500 --> 00:59:21,660
hawakuwa update executable yetu.

779
00:59:21,660 --> 00:59:27,310
Naamini kwamba unaweza kufanya - yeah.

780
00:59:27,310 --> 00:59:29,880
Ndani ya GDB yenyewe, unaweza kweli kufanya faili.

781
00:59:29,880 --> 00:59:31,880
Hivyo huna kuacha GDB tena.

782
00:59:31,880 --> 00:59:36,180
Unaweza kwenda nyuma ya faili chanzo, ila ni, nyuma katika GDB, unaweza kufanya hivyo tena.

783
00:59:36,180 --> 00:59:40,850
Mkuu. Basi hebu kukimbia debugging.

784
00:59:40,850 --> 00:59:45,900
Tunataka kuanza yake tangu mwanzo kwa sababu tuna executable mpya.

785
00:59:45,900 --> 00:59:54,870
Tunaweza kwenda kwa wanandoa wa nyakati, na kisha magazeti i, magazeti counter, kuendelea.

786
00:59:54,870 --> 00:59:59,090
Wote haki. Hivyo sasa tunaona kwamba counter ni kweli kuongeza thamani yake kama sisi unataka kwa.

787
00:59:59,090 --> 01:00:03,340
>> Hiyo tu kidogo kidogo bite ukubwa mfano wa jinsi unavyoweza kutumia GDB

788
01:00:03,340 --> 01:00:09,700
kuingia code yako, magazeti maadili fulani, bonyeza ujao na kuendelea na mstari unaofuata,

789
01:00:09,700 --> 01:00:12,960
na abbreviate hiyo na magazeti nje.

790
01:00:12,960 --> 01:00:18,690
Ni wazi, code katika kinyang'anyiro ni kidogo ngumu zaidi kuliko kuwa, lakini nini unaweza kufanya

791
01:00:18,690 --> 01:00:26,980
ni kuweka katika breakpoint - unaweza kuweka breakpoint katika kazi yako lookup, kitu kama hicho.

792
01:00:26,980 --> 01:00:29,440
Hiyo wakati wowote itafikia mahali ambapo inahitaji kuangalia kitu juu,

793
01:00:29,440 --> 01:00:37,340
kisha GDB kukimbia kila kitu hadi kufikia hatua ile na basi unaweza kuanza maadili uchapishaji nje.

794
01:00:37,340 --> 01:00:42,030
Kama ni alama katika hatua hii ya uongo au ni kweli?

795
01:00:42,030 --> 01:00:46,580
Kwamba pengine kitu ambacho wewe kutaka kutumia.

796
01:00:46,580 --> 01:00:49,060
GDB, si mkazo sana kuhusu hilo,

797
01:00:49,060 --> 01:00:51,270
kwa sababu sisi kuingia kwa undani zaidi katika hotuba,

798
01:00:51,270 --> 01:00:54,570
lakini mimi tu alitaka basi wewe guys kujua jinsi unaweza kuwa na uwezo wa kutumia

799
01:00:54,570 --> 01:01:00,120
kama wewe ni kupata ilianza na pset na unataka kuelewa

800
01:01:00,120 --> 01:01:05,040
njia bora zaidi kuliko kuweka tu kauli f magazeti na kuchafua mazingira yao yote kwa njia ya code yako.

801
01:01:05,040 --> 01:01:10,430
Kuwa GDB kwa kweli magazeti ni kwa ajili yenu na kuwa na uwezo wa kuweka breakpoints wale

802
01:01:10,430 --> 01:01:12,980
hivyo kuwa mpango wako wanaweza kukimbia hadi hatua fulani

803
01:01:12,980 --> 01:01:21,660
na kisha kuruhusu kweli hatua ndani yake na takwimu nje tatizo pale.

804
01:01:21,660 --> 01:01:29,600
>> Haki. Hivyo basi kama sisi kuangalia nyuma katika kinyang'anyiro, tumekuwa kusoma code usambazaji.

805
01:01:29,600 --> 01:01:35,670
Tumekuwa aliyesema kuhusu njia ya iterate juu ya arrays 2D, na wewe utakuwa dhahiri

806
01:01:35,670 --> 01:01:40,910
kuwa kutaka iterate juu ya safu 2D wakati kuja kuchora mchezo wako gridi ya taifa.

807
01:01:40,910 --> 01:01:45,090
Kuongelea kazi lookup, kuhusu jinsi tunataka kuhakikisha ya wanandoa wa mambo.

808
01:01:45,090 --> 01:01:48,300
Tunataka kuhakikisha kwamba sisi si kwa neno kabla.

809
01:01:48,300 --> 01:01:51,220
Sisi pia wanataka kuhakikisha kwamba ni kweli katika kamusi.

810
01:01:51,220 --> 01:01:54,220
Kisha tuliongea kuhusu kinyang'anyiro, kuhusu jinsi tunataka mzunguko bodi.

811
01:01:54,220 --> 01:01:58,170
Na kujua kwamba unaweza kutaka kufanya nakala ya kitu

812
01:01:58,170 --> 01:02:00,440
kuwa na uwezo wa hoja hiyo.

813
01:02:00,440 --> 01:02:03,250
Hatimaye, sisi aliyesema kuhusu kesi na unyeti, kuhusu jinsi wewe unataka kuhakikisha

814
01:02:03,250 --> 01:02:07,290
kwamba licha ya kila mchanganyiko wa kesi kuwa pembejeo user,

815
01:02:07,290 --> 01:02:10,170
kama ni neno halali katika kamusi,

816
01:02:10,170 --> 01:02:14,400
basi ni kwenda kupatikana kwa usahihi.

817
01:02:14,400 --> 01:02:21,290
Hivyo basi yote ya kwamba pamoja ni pset kinyang'anyiro, na kwamba ni walkthrough 3.

818
01:02:21,290 --> 01:02:29,180
Shukrani kila mtu kwa ajili ya kuja, na bahati nzuri na kinyang'anyiro.

819
01:02:29,180 --> 01:02:32,180
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