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[Powered by Google Translate] [CSS]

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[Joseph Ong - Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]

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[Hii ni CS50. - CS50.TV]

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>> Leo tutaweza kuwa na kuzungumza kuhusu CSS au kuachia Style Sheets.

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>> Basi nini hasa ni CSS?

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Naam, hebu kuvunja CSS mfupi chini katika sehemu 2:

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Kuachia na mashuka Sinema.

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Kuachia ni kidogo ngumu zaidi, na ni kitu tutaweza cover katika video nyingine.

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Lakini kwa starters, Sinema mashuka sana mwanga katika kile CSS gani.

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Inaongeza mitindo ya HTML ya ukurasa wa mtandao,

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mabadiliko ya jinsi ya ukurasa wa mtandao aesthetically inaonekana.

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Hii ina maana kila kitu kutoka font Nakala na nafasi ya yaliyomo kwenye ukurasa

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na mambo mengine ya baridi kama kufanya pembe ya sanduku mviringo au kuongeza vivuli kwa maandishi.

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Unaweza hata kufanya mambo mambo kama kufanya mambo animate kwenye screen.

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>> Hivyo ni jinsi gani sisi kutumia CSS kwa HTML?

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Kuchukua tovuti hii maskini-kuangalia mimi tu aliandika.

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Kama Rob walikuwa kuangalia tovuti hii sasa hivi, yeye d pengine kusema kitu kama,

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"Wow kuanzishwa wangu! Inaonekana kutisha. Yusufu, wewe ni designer kubwa."

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"Kwa kutumia Times default font Helvetica? Ni bora zaidi."

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>> Basi nini inaweza kuwa njia rahisi ya kuomba styling Rob anataka?

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wazi zaidi njia ya kura ya watu awali aliandika CSS

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ilikuwa ni kuweka nini sisi kuwaita style maazimio ya haki katika kipengele yenyewe

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kutumia HTML style sifa.

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tamko style tu lina mali kipengele HTML ya CSS tunataka mabadiliko

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ikifuatiwa na koloni ikifuatiwa na thamani mpya ya mali na semicolon mwishoni.

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Kwa mfano, hebu kusema Rob anataka mpaka nyeusi karibu kuanzishwa kwake.

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Sisi kwanza kuweka sifa style juu div Rob hapa

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kisha ndani ya quotes mbili kuweka tamko CSS:

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"Mpaka: 1px imara nyeusi;"

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Pixel 1 inahusu upana wa mpaka, imara inahusu mtindo wa mpaka,

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na Michezo mwishoni huamua nini rangi ya mpaka ni.

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>> Kama tunataka nyingi mitindo juu ya kipengele, kuandika maazimio haya katika mlolongo.

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Kwa mfano, kama anataka Rob kichwa yake asilia katika Helvetica na background ya bluu

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na zaidi nafasi ya kuzunguka maandishi, tunaweza kufanya hili:

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style = "font-familia: Helvetica; background-color: blue; padding: 5px;"

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semicolon mwisho ni kweli hiari, lakini kwa kawaida watu kuitunza katika msimamo kwa ajili ya.

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>> Tutaweza kuokoa kueleza baadhi ya mali ya baridi na ngumu zaidi CSS

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kwa ajili ya video mwingine.

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Kama una kitu katika akili, tu googling athari unataka ikifuatiwa na CSS

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pengine kukupa matokeo nzuri.

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jambo zuri ni kwamba CSS ni pretty pana,

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hivyo ni tabia mbaya kama kuna kitu chochote unataka kufanya - ndani ya sababu -

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CSS pengine unaweza kufanya hivyo.

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Tunatoa wito aina hii ya styling styling inline.

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mtindo kipengele ni vizuri, katika mstari na tag mwanzo.

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>> Kwa folks ambao kwa kweli kama kuwa na utaratibu,

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unaweza kuanza kupata kidogo peeved saa jinsi messy hii yote inaonekana.

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Kufikiria kama alikuwa na kufanya hili kwa ajili ya kila kipengele kwenye ukurasa,

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pamoja sasa HTML yako na CSS wote ni kuchanganyikana na vitu vingi.

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Jumla, haki?

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Ili kurekebisha hili, watu hatimaye ilianza kuambukizwa juu kwa kutenganisha yao HTML ghafi

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kutoka styling yao CSS kwa kutumia kitu kinachoitwa CSS selectors.

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Selectors CSS hutumiwa kuchagua mambo ambayo maazimio ni kutumiwa.

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selector pamoja na orodha ya matamko CSS ni mara nyingi hujulikana kama utawala CSS.

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Sheria hizi atafukuzwa kati ya vitambulisho wazi na karibu HTML style,

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mara nyingi katika kichwa cha hati.

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>> Ni rahisi kuona kwa mfano,

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hivyo hebu kuanza kwa kujenga rahisi CSS utawala.

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Kwanza, hebu kuweka vitambulisho mtindo katika sehemu ya kichwa cha HTML yetu.

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Ijayo, selector.

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Tutaweza kuanza mbali kwa kutumia moja ya selectors rahisi, alama hash,

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ambayo kuchagua kipengele HTML na ID sifa yake.

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Katika kesi hii tutaweza kuchagua div kwamba inawakilisha kuanzishwa Rob

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kwa kuandika alama hash ikifuatiwa na ID div wa, kuwaibia.

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Sasa maazimio.

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Sisi kuongeza braces wazi na karibu na kuhama maazimio yetu mapema inline juu div Rob

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ndani ya braces haya, kunawirisha,

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na, baridi, Rob intro bado ina mpaka nyeusi kuzunguka bala messy ubaya inline.

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>> Sasa, nini kama sisi alitaka kuchagua ndani h1 ya intro Rob?

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Unaweza kufikiri, "Hebu kuweka ID juu yake na kisha kuondoka mitindo yetu mapema."

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Kwamba kazi, lakini CSS ana njia nyingine ya kuruhusu kuchagua mambo

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kwa kutumia kile tunachokiita combinators kuchanganya selectors rahisi.

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Kwa mfano, tabia whitespace inaweza kutumika kama Combinator

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kutaja matukio yote ya 1 selector kwamba kuishi ndani ya selector mwingine.

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Inaonekana kuwa ngumu zaidi kuliko mengi ni kweli ni.

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Hapa ni mfano.

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Sisi aina # kuwaibia, kuongeza nafasi, na kufuata na h1,

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mwingine selector rahisi kuitwa selector tag kwamba kuchagua aina ya mambo ya

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kama divs au aya.

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nafasi unachanganya wetu 2 selectors rahisi, kutumia maazimio yote CSS

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na braces curly kwa vitambulisho h1 kwamba kuishi ndani ya kipengele na id = "kuwaibia".

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Tu kuwashawishi kwamba ni kazi, mimi itabidi mabadiliko ya rangi font nyeupe, kunawirisha,

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na, tazama, header Rob sasa ni nyeupe.

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>> Yote ya kazi hii unaendelea kuonyesha kwamba kwa kutumia sheria badala ya mitindo inline

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tunaweza kupata safi sana kanuni.

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Kwa kweli, kama hii kuzuia mtindo kuanza kupata kidogo kubwa,

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Siwezi hata kuvuta mitindo haya nje katika faili tofauti kabisa.

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>> Ni pamoja na faili hii mpya kama CSS katika hati hii mimi itabidi kutumia kiungo cha HTML tag.

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Hapa mimi nina kuwaambia ni kwamba mimi nina kuunganisha katika karatasi ya nje style, sifa rel,

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na kubainisha njia ya faili na href sifa yangu.

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Sasa wangu ghafi HTML na CSS ni kupangwa vizuri katika mafaili tofauti kabisa,

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ambayo ni karibu daima njia wabunifu wanapendelea kufanya kazi na HTML na CSS.

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>> Katika kesi wewe wanashangaa, selectors rahisi ni pamoja na ID selectors

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na tag selectors kama wale sisi tu kuona

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pamoja kama darasa selectors kwa ajili ya kuchagua vipengele na darasa fulani,

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sifa selectors kwa ajili ya kuchagua vipengele na sifa nyingine kama aina = "radio"

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kwa ajili ya pembejeo kifungo redio, na pseudoselectors kama hover na kuzingatia

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kwa ajili ya kubainisha styling wakati mwingiliano like mousing juu ya kipengele kutokea.

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>> combinators ya kawaida ni pamoja whitespace kwa watoto wote

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na koma kutofautisha selectors.

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Wengine unaweza kukutana ni pamoja na mshale kwa watoto wa moja kwa moja tu,

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tilde kwa ndugu wote kwamba kutokea baada ya kipengele,

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na ishara pamoja kwa ajili ya ndugu 1 kwamba anakuja mara baada ya kipengele.

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>> Kwa kuchanganya selectors hizi na combinators,

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unaweza kupanua mbalimbali ya styling unaweza kufikia kwenye ukurasa aliyopewa mtandao

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na kuandika CSS kwa ufanisi zaidi.

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Na michache tu ya mistari ya CSS kuona mimi kuandika hapa,

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Siwezi haraka kufanya kitu kama hii kuangalia kama kitu kama hiki.

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>> Mimi nina Yusufu, na hii ni CS50.

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>> [CS50.TV]

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>> Uh, ambapo mimi kuanza?

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Hebu kufanya hivyo bila - [anacheka] Sawa.

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Kuongeza - Hebu mimi kubadili kwamba maneno.

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Ooh. Sorry.