{"captions":[{"content":"[Seminar - ICT4D: Technology for Good]","startTime":0,"duration":2310,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[Joy Ming - Alisa Nguyen - Harvard University]","startTime":2310,"duration":2020,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"[This is CS50. - CS50.TV]","startTime":4330,"duration":2420,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"Hi. My name is Joy Ming. ","startTime":7590,"duration":1950,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"I am a sophomore from Quincy House concentrating in Computer Science","startTime":9540,"duration":4150,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"with a secondary in Global Health and Health Policy.","startTime":13690,"duration":2610,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And my name is Alisa Nguyen. ","startTime":17180,"duration":1480,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"I'm also a sophomore in Quincy House concentrating in Computer Science.","startTime":18660,"duration":3110,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Okay. So today we just wanted to start off by asking you guys a question.","startTime":21770,"duration":5620,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"What does technology mean to you?","startTime":27390,"duration":3200,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Can anyone answer?","startTime":31820,"duration":2220,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[female speaker] Cool computers and mobile phones.","startTime":35110,"duration":2160,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Cool computers and mobile phones.","startTime":37270,"duration":2250,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So basically, the idea is that a lot of technology today,","startTime":42590,"duration":3700,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"what we think about technology comes in the term of Facebook, Google, Microsoft,","startTime":46290,"duration":4720,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"large tech companies that have flashy consumer products.","startTime":51010,"duration":4210,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"But our seminar today is trying to show you alternative ways","startTime":55220,"duration":4220,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"you can use your new CS50 skills to make an impact on the world.","startTime":59440,"duration":4210,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So the title of our seminar is ICT4D: Technology for Good.","startTime":65610,"duration":3620,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"Have you guys ever heard of ICT4D, and do you know what it means?","startTime":69230,"duration":3390,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[chuckling] Okay.","startTime":73640,"duration":3410,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"It stands for Information and Communication Technologies for Development,","startTime":77050,"duration":4080,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and it just refers to the applications of technology to help people around the world.","startTime":81130,"duration":5280,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So they are interdisciplinary initiatives ","startTime":86410,"duration":2890,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to connect people with the resources that they need to improve their own quality of life.","startTime":89300,"duration":5950,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And so ICT4D comes from harnessing the revolutionary power of technology","startTime":96710,"duration":5880,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"through all these different trends,","startTime":102590,"duration":1960,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"so starting from the idea of computing and data processing in the late 1950s","startTime":104550,"duration":4660,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and then incorporating Millennium Development Goals later on","startTime":109210,"duration":3570,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and now currently incorporating the new technology of mobile phones","startTime":112780,"duration":3980,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to be able to find ways to help people in developing countries.","startTime":116760,"duration":4420,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And so we're just going to showcase a couple different ways ICT4D can be used","startTime":121180,"duration":5280,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"in different aspects of society.","startTime":126460,"duration":2600,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"The first one we're going to talk about is healthcare.","startTime":129060,"duration":2580,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Some current ICT4D being used for healthcare can be used for,","startTime":131640,"duration":4900,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"for example, telemedicine, which is doing operations and processes from a distance","startTime":136540,"duration":5740,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"or even providing information for people with disabilities","startTime":142280,"duration":3170,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to be able to communicate with other people.","startTime":145450,"duration":2920,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So another huge area of application is education.","startTime":149950,"duration":3060,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"For this field we have this company called Inveneo,","startTime":153010,"duration":5750,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"which provides low-cost computing hardware and servers","startTime":158760,"duration":4180,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to build up network infrastructures in developing countries.","startTime":162940,"duration":4400,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Another application is in agriculture","startTime":169260,"duration":2700,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"in which different things such as price inequalities,","startTime":171960,"duration":3630,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"the information about the markets,","startTime":175590,"duration":1790,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"the policies and different new production techniques","startTime":177380,"duration":4450,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"can be broadcast to the farmers as well as the consumers.","startTime":181830,"duration":3870,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Oh.","startTime":186560,"duration":1330,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"And open source technologies often overlap with ICT4D.","startTime":190150,"duration":4190,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Open source refers to, like, open source software,","startTime":194340,"duration":3340,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"which means that source code is publicly available so that anybody can edit it.","startTime":197680,"duration":4200,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"You probably use Wikipedia all the time, and you can edit that.","startTime":201880,"duration":4610,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So there's a lot of projects such as Open Data Kit,","startTime":206490,"duration":3400,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"which is a mobile suite of software tools ","startTime":209890,"duration":2590,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"designed to allow for easy data collection and manipulation,","startTime":212480,"duration":3780,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"so people such as community health workers in rural India","startTime":216260,"duration":3500,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"can go out to villages and collect information about their patients","startTime":219760,"duration":3110,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and send that easily to the hospitals.","startTime":222870,"duration":2640,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Another application is through finance.","startTime":227950,"duration":1780,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"For example, Vodafone has a money transfer application","startTime":229730,"duration":3020,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that allows people who don't have access to a bank account","startTime":232750,"duration":2290,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to be able to transfer money, pay their bills, or even add credit to their airtime.","startTime":235040,"duration":4880,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And the next one is environment.","startTime":241460,"duration":2230,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"Different applications for that include an application","startTime":243690,"duration":4060,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that will alert about weather forecasting, so any natural disasters.","startTime":247750,"duration":4630,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"An example is Red Lotus, which is created by a Harvard graduate,","startTime":252380,"duration":6340,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that helps demine various areas.","startTime":258720,"duration":5630,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"ICT4D can also help with government.","startTime":265560,"duration":4050,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"There is this program here in America called Code for America,","startTime":269610,"duration":2820,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"which connects recent graduates with cities to build software tools","startTime":272430,"duration":5590,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that the cities can use to—","startTime":278020,"duration":2600,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"For example, here in Boston there is this project called Adopt-a-Hydrant","startTime":280620,"duration":4600,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that tried to crowdsource the problem of snowed-in fire hydrants","startTime":285220,"duration":5370,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"so that even people in your own neighborhood","startTime":290590,"duration":2110,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"can help unblock those fire hydrants in case of emergencies.","startTime":292700,"duration":4220,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So now that we told you about a lot of different applications of ICT4D,","startTime":298930,"duration":4920,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"we're going to focus on one case study","startTime":303850,"duration":3220,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"looking at health in rural India and trying to brainstorm different ways","startTime":307070,"duration":5170,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that you would try to look at this problem.","startTime":312240,"duration":2820,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And so here, if you could just take some time to read the problem,","startTime":315060,"duration":3550,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"what we want to do is identify some specific problems","startTime":318610,"duration":3990,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that are listed in this case study","startTime":322600,"duration":2130,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and try to find ways that you could possibly think about solving them","startTime":324730,"duration":4300,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"or ways you've heard of solving them.","startTime":329030,"duration":2740,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So if you could take a couple of minutes to read it.","startTime":331770,"duration":2590,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[There are 17 doctors, nurses, or midwives to every 10,000 people.]","startTime":334360,"duration":3000,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[Each patient then is responsible for her or his own healthcare after they leave the hospital.]","startTime":337360,"duration":3000,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[Much of the care provided is decentralized to community health workers]","startTime":340360,"duration":3000,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[who, though trained by a hospital, are often limited in their abilities]","startTime":343360,"duration":3000,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[to provide complete care or interface with hospital records.]","startTime":346360,"duration":3000,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[Most hospitals use paper systems that often get lost or damaged.]","startTime":349360,"duration":3000,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[Paper systems also make it hard to communicate between hospitals,]","startTime":352360,"duration":3000,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[especially in a time of crisis, or keep records for the future.]","startTime":355360,"duration":3000,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"All right. So no need to raise your hand.","startTime":358360,"duration":2510,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Just shout out whatever you see are some potential problems","startTime":360870,"duration":3890,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that are listed in the case study.","startTime":364760,"duration":2860,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[female speaker] It's hard that the hospitals use paper systems","startTime":368970,"duration":3960,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"because if the community workers are traveling far away from the hospital,","startTime":372930,"duration":4500,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"then they can't update information about people in the community or villages real time.","startTime":377430,"duration":7950,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So one of our lovely participants just was talking about","startTime":385380,"duration":4570,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"how the fact the hospitals have to use paper systems,","startTime":389950,"duration":2520,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"which is difficult for community health workers to be able to communicate real time.","startTime":392470,"duration":4520,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So what are some other problems that are listed here?","startTime":396990,"duration":3140,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[male speaker] The fact that there's only 17 doctors to every 10,000 people.","startTime":402150,"duration":4810,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So how do we get those people connected to those doctors and midwives?","startTime":406960,"duration":4020,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So another problem is that there's only 17 doctors per 10,000 people,","startTime":411810,"duration":6150,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"so finding a way to connect the doctors with the people that they're serving.","startTime":417960,"duration":5270,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And so what are some solutions that you could come up with","startTime":425610,"duration":5410,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"for any of those 2 problems that you found?","startTime":431020,"duration":3000,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Any ideas?","startTime":434020,"duration":2260,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[male speaker] Cloud-based computing seems like a pretty palpable idea,","startTime":436280,"duration":4650,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"especially with the sharing of records between different hospitals","startTime":440930,"duration":3500,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and things like that.","startTime":444430,"duration":1220,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"If you have everything recorded digitally","startTime":445650,"duration":3910,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and then you have it maybe in a secure cloud server,","startTime":449560,"duration":3520,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"then it can be easily accessed by anyone, the [inaudible] and whatever","startTime":453080,"duration":6130,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to get into the system. >>Uh-hunh (affirmative).","startTime":459210,"duration":2660,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So one option that was just mentioned was cloud-based computing,","startTime":461870,"duration":3970,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"which would definitely be a good way to store all of the records in a secure manner","startTime":465840,"duration":5270,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and allow access to a lot of different people.","startTime":471110,"duration":3190,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Any other suggestions of different ways?","startTime":474300,"duration":4250,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[female speaker] Maybe health workers can also use mobile phones.","startTime":478550,"duration":5210,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"It would have to be a really user-friendly interface.","startTime":483760,"duration":4010,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"But that could be really helpful for them to keep track of these records","startTime":487770,"duration":5570,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and interact with the cloud-based system. >>Uh-hunh (affirmative).","startTime":493340,"duration":3420,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And so another idea was that community health workers will use mobile phones","startTime":496760,"duration":5640,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to be able to interact with this cloud-based system.","startTime":502400,"duration":3810,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Those are all great ideas, and so we're just going to showcase a couple ideas","startTime":506210,"duration":3480,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"that are being put into practice by various organizations.","startTime":509690,"duration":4280,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And so I guess I'll use my mouse because you can't point.","startTime":513970,"duration":5630,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Raxa is a system that is creating an electronic medical record system for hospitals","startTime":519600,"duration":7260,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that will help consolidate all of the information.","startTime":526860,"duration":3500,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"CommCare is a part of Dimagi, which is creating mobile applications","startTime":530360,"duration":7020,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"for community health workers to be able to communicate the information","startTime":537380,"duration":2940,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to their subcenters or to the hospital.","startTime":540320,"duration":3420,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Jana Care tackles the problem of giving the patients more information","startTime":543740,"duration":4280,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"about their diseases by allowing them to be put in touch with a coach one-on-one","startTime":548020,"duration":6330,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"for diabetes prevention.","startTime":554350,"duration":1910,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"ClickMedix gives the community health workers the tools","startTime":556260,"duration":3770,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to be able to provide care for the villagers.","startTime":560030,"duration":3210,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Partners In Health is using technology to track cholera in Haiti after the earthquake.","startTime":563240,"duration":8550,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And even larger companies like Google and Microsoft","startTime":571790,"duration":3500,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"are also looking at ICT4D as a means of helping the world's problems.","startTime":575290,"duration":5390,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Now we would like to address the problem of access to education in rural areas.","startTime":583550,"duration":5810,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"And we just wanted to showcase a project","startTime":589360,"duration":2930,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that people are working on right now called OLPC.","startTime":592290,"duration":2690,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So if we could just watch this video.","startTime":594980,"duration":2550,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[video playing] One Laptop Per Child. That's our name and our vision.","startTime":602990,"duration":5420,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"We want to create educational opportunities for the world's poorest children","startTime":608410,"duration":3800,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"by providing each and every one with a rugged, low-cost,","startTime":612210,"duration":2910,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"low-power, connected laptop.","startTime":615120,"duration":2620,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And this is that laptop.","startTime":618570,"duration":1950,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Say hello to the XO, a computer unlike any other,","startTime":620520,"duration":3680,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"designed specifically to work in tough conditions and remote areas.","startTime":624200,"duration":3400,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"It comes packed with software and activities to help kids learn,","startTime":627600,"duration":2590,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"explore, create, and share.","startTime":630190,"duration":2610,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"No matter what language they speak or where they live,","startTime":632800,"duration":2080,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"the XO connects them to each other, to the world, and to a brighter future.","startTime":634880,"duration":4670,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"We're a non-profit organization, which makes these kids our mission, not our market.","startTime":639550,"duration":4490,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"That's why wherever the XO goes, there are 5 core principles everyone agrees to.","startTime":644040,"duration":4110,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"First, kids get to keep the laptops.","startTime":648150,"duration":2480,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"They have to be free to take them home and use them whenever they want.","startTime":650630,"duration":2910,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"That's kind of the point.","startTime":653540,"duration":1850,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Second, we're focused on early education, which means kids about 6 to 12 years old.","startTime":655390,"duration":4700,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Third, we have to deal in large numbers of laptops","startTime":660090,"duration":3080,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"so whole classrooms and schools get them at the same time so no one gets left out.","startTime":663170,"duration":5080,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Fourth, kids should have a connection to the Internet","startTime":669590,"duration":2700,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"because there's neat stuff to learn on the Internet.","startTime":672290,"duration":2920,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Fifth and finally, the XO must include free and open source software.","startTime":675210,"duration":3820,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Then the laptop itself can easily grow and adapt with the needs of the child.","startTime":679030,"duration":4470,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So in a nutshell, that's us,","startTime":683500,"duration":1520,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"an organization that makes a small computer to serve a big cause—","startTime":685020,"duration":3570,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"bringing education to children all over the world with One Laptop Per Child.","startTime":688590,"duration":5410,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[♪ music playing on video ♪] [amazon.com/XO]","startTime":694000,"duration":3770,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"We just wanted to ask you guys to assess One Laptop Per Child","startTime":702870,"duration":5030,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"in terms of what are they doing, how are they doing it, ","startTime":707900,"duration":2450,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and positives and negatives that may arise.","startTime":710350,"duration":3040,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"What are they doing?","startTime":713390,"duration":2520,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[male speaker] They're providing a service to a much-needed group. >>Yeah.","startTime":718280,"duration":9170,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So basically, they collaborate with governments of countries","startTime":727450,"duration":3860,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"such as India and Brazil to provide the public school children with free laptops.","startTime":731310,"duration":6560,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Based on that video, do you want to talk about the situation?","startTime":738940,"duration":5350,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[chuckling]","startTime":745880,"duration":2170,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"They mentioned network coverage. What are they doing about that?","startTime":751250,"duration":3710,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[female speaker] I don't think it particularly talked about it,","startTime":754960,"duration":2880,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"but it seems like there would need to be a lot of existing infrastructure,","startTime":757840,"duration":2780,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"especially if they want Internet connection.","startTime":760620,"duration":5100,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Yeah, there needs to be an existing network infrastructure in place for this to really work","startTime":765720,"duration":5640,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"because the laptops do need Internet access.","startTime":771360,"duration":4050,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"What about affordability?","startTime":775410,"duration":2550,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"If you guys have heard about this before, OLPC has actually advertised their laptops","startTime":779110,"duration":4430,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to be only $100 for each laptop,","startTime":783540,"duration":3270,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and there have been a couple of criticisms with that","startTime":786810,"duration":2860,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"because they ended up costing about $250 each.","startTime":789670,"duration":4130,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So the governments sometimes may not have enough money to pay for these.","startTime":793800,"duration":4240,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So they have done a give one, get one campaign","startTime":798040,"duration":3200,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"where you donate money so that somebody else can have a laptop","startTime":801240,"duration":3030,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and then you get an XO laptop for yourself.","startTime":804270,"duration":2790,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"What about the issues around training?","startTime":808130,"duration":2760,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[female speaker] This definitely could be really useful for education,","startTime":810890,"duration":5100,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"but if the kids don't know how to use the laptops, then it's not consistent.","startTime":815990,"duration":6400,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Yeah. So what if the kids don't know how to use laptops in the first place?","startTime":822390,"duration":3160,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"How are they going to learn?","startTime":825550,"duration":2230,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"There isn't really any training provided with the XO laptops.","startTime":827780,"duration":3870,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Okay. So now let's move on to the need.","startTime":834190,"duration":2630,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Do you guys think that this is a pressing issue that we should address?","startTime":836820,"duration":3560,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[female speaker] Yes. >>Yeah. But there is more than one way to address this problem.","startTime":843360,"duration":5160,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So the idea is not questionable whether there is a need for technology for the children","startTime":849610,"duration":7030,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"but whether it's actually addressing it properly. >>Yeah.","startTime":856640,"duration":4270,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So can you think of any other ways that you can address","startTime":862190,"duration":2330,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"the access to education problem?","startTime":864520,"duration":2410,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[female speaker] Maybe it doesn't have to be individualized like laptops","startTime":873540,"duration":3010,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"but still using other technology that would help.","startTime":876550,"duration":7140,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So maybe like a projector in a classroom. >>Yeah.","startTime":883690,"duration":4290,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[female speaker] Not jumping directly into the [inaudible] >>Yeah.","startTime":889180,"duration":4460,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So how effective is the personal laptop in terms of education?","startTime":893640,"duration":3970,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"What if there is a better solution such as a classroom projector","startTime":897610,"duration":4380,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"or a whiteboard or something that the whole class can use?","startTime":901990,"duration":3590,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And some other nontechnical solutions that we were brainstorming","startTime":905580,"duration":4500,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"was possibly the issue of having more teachers to begin with","startTime":910080,"duration":3580,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"if they didn't have enough teachers in their schools;","startTime":913660,"duration":4480,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"having enough books and school supplies in their classrooms as well.","startTime":918140,"duration":4640,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And when we're talking about ICT4D, we also want to address future concerns","startTime":926440,"duration":5270,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that might arise from this solution.","startTime":931710,"duration":2820,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Scalability. ","startTime":937410,"duration":1700,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"By scalability we mean is it possible to distribute all these laptops ","startTime":939110,"duration":4430,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"on a wide scale to whole schools? How easy is that to do?","startTime":943540,"duration":4170,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Maintenance. What if the laptop dies?","startTime":947710,"duration":3090,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"What are you going to do if you didn't know how to use it to begin with?","startTime":950800,"duration":3330,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Sustainability.","startTime":954130,"duration":1450,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Are you using eco-friendly products after the laptop's life cycle has ended?","startTime":955580,"duration":5800,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Yeah.","startTime":962410,"duration":1600,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So that was just a brief overview of a possible solution in ICT4D","startTime":966640,"duration":8180,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that may or may not be actually the best solution in the long term.","startTime":974820,"duration":5400,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So I guess the idea is that technology can be used for good,","startTime":981690,"duration":4250,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"but sometimes it's necessary to critically assess whether or not it is the best solution","startTime":985940,"duration":5980,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and how this solution can be altered to best fit the situation,","startTime":991920,"duration":5170,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"both in the present and in the long term.","startTime":997090,"duration":3020,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So OLPC sometimes is criticized a lot on these 3 aspects,","startTime":1000110,"duration":7120,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"but their mission is a good one.","startTime":1007230,"duration":2360,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And it's hard to say that you don't want to give laptops","startTime":1009590,"duration":1970,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to poor children in developing countries","startTime":1011560,"duration":2780,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"but just to be aware that there are some aspects that you should be critical to.","startTime":1014340,"duration":4840,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And so we talked a lot about different solutions that are existing","startTime":1022200,"duration":5750,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"and different ways, like brainstorm solutions for the problems.","startTime":1027950,"duration":5200,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And so right now we're just going to talk a little bit, I guess,","startTime":1033150,"duration":3179,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"about how you would be able to be a part of the ICT4D community.","startTime":1036329,"duration":6000,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"One way definitely is to learn more.","startTime":1042329,"duration":3161,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Whether it's through classes at Harvard,","startTime":1045490,"duration":3430,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Harvard has a lot of good classes that look at the situation.","startTime":1048920,"duration":3890,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"There's a lot of classes in terms of maybe the anthropology","startTime":1052810,"duration":4810,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"or the sociology of the background of the developing region,","startTime":1057620,"duration":3990,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and there are a lot of classes also that help you with skills","startTime":1061610,"duration":4250,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"that would eventually be able to be applied to our technology.","startTime":1065860,"duration":3610,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Like CS50. >>Like CS50, of course—","startTime":1069470,"duration":2400,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to be able to use the skills that you have now","startTime":1071870,"duration":2060,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to one day create the solutions for the problems in other classes that you're learning.","startTime":1073930,"duration":6060,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Other options are through cross-registering.","startTime":1079990,"duration":2990,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"There is the development lab at MIT, which does good engineering projects","startTime":1082980,"duration":6040,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"for developing countries.","startTime":1089020,"duration":1470,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"There is actually a class for ICT4D at MIT looking at this topic.","startTime":1090490,"duration":5980,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And always just being aware of the learning.","startTime":1096470,"duration":3100,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So there are a lot of resources available even though it's a fairly new field.","startTime":1099570,"duration":5500,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"There are a lot of papers and definitely a lot of ways to learn more about the situation","startTime":1105070,"duration":4950,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and ways that you can help. >>Yeah.","startTime":1110020,"duration":2820,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So just an extension of that is keeping up to date with all the news","startTime":1112840,"duration":3980,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"in the ICT4D community and all the opportunities available.","startTime":1116820,"duration":3170,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So there's a couple of national US email lists that you guys can join.","startTime":1119990,"duration":4810,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"There's a large group at the University of Washington that looks at these issues,","startTime":1124800,"duration":3150,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and it's called Change. So if you want to look that up, that's change.washington.edu.","startTime":1127950,"duration":4400,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And there's also a couple more local email lists.","startTime":1132350,"duration":2610,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"One started at MIT, another at Carnegie Mellon,","startTime":1134960,"duration":2630,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and it's just a nice way to keep up to date with what everybody else is doing.","startTime":1137590,"duration":5800,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And definitely one of the best ways to contribute is to actually contribute to a project.","startTime":1145830,"duration":5110,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And so even with the skills that you have learned in CS50,","startTime":1150940,"duration":3010,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"it is possible to get involved in free and open source software like we were talking about","startTime":1153950,"duration":5680,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"where all of the code is online and they're just looking for people to contribute,","startTime":1159630,"duration":4030,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to mess with their APIs, and to just be a part of their community.","startTime":1163660,"duration":4520,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So there's that, and you can do it through a more structured opportunity","startTime":1168180,"duration":3640,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"like Google Summer of Code, which basically funds you to work on open source software.","startTime":1171820,"duration":6600,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Other opportunities would be to contact various local organizations.","startTime":1178420,"duration":4180,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"If you talk to us, we'll probably be able to help you brainstorm","startTime":1182600,"duration":3500,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"a couple of organizations and areas that you're interested in","startTime":1186100,"duration":3380,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"if you want to be able to contribute through that.","startTime":1189480,"duration":2270,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And eventually we're going to create a more comprehensive list","startTime":1191750,"duration":4850,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"of the various organizations that are looking for awesome Harvard students to be involved,","startTime":1196600,"duration":4970,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"whether it is on the technical side or on the business end.","startTime":1201570,"duration":3870,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"So for example, last summer I was able to use my CS50 skills in India","startTime":1205440,"duration":5060,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to work with a healthcare technology non-profit.","startTime":1210500,"duration":2660,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"I hadn't coded before, but CS50 put me in the mood to be able to contribute a lot","startTime":1213160,"duration":6540,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to a project that was existing and make an impact. >>Yeah.","startTime":1219700,"duration":4820,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And also if you have your own idea as to how to adjust these problems,","startTime":1224520,"duration":3020,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"definitely start your own project.","startTime":1227540,"duration":1810,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"There's a lot of things that you can do here, like the President's Challenge,","startTime":1229350,"duration":2990,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"at MIT they have the $100K Challenge, there's Hack Harvard.","startTime":1232340,"duration":3810,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"There are so many resources around you if you want to get your idea up and running.","startTime":1236150,"duration":5010,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And there's a lot of good stories of Harvard students who have done things like this.","startTime":1242340,"duration":4180,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"One of my friends was working in India working with price inequalities","startTime":1246520,"duration":4110,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and SMS technology to be able to alert farmers about the demands for their products.","startTime":1250630,"duration":5720,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Another friend is working on alerting maternal-child health in India as well","startTime":1256350,"duration":5710,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"and SMS reminders about compliance in medicine.","startTime":1262060,"duration":4020,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"But ideas like that are definitely possible, and there are so many resources","startTime":1266080,"duration":4020,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"to be able to let you do that. >>Yeah.","startTime":1270100,"duration":2980,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"And so, yeah, thanks for coming to our seminar.","startTime":1273080,"duration":5360,"startOfParagraph":true},{"content":"And if you have any questions, definitely—","startTime":1278440,"duration":3560,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Any questions now? ","startTime":1282000,"duration":2090,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Or we'll be free to talk in a less formal setting.","startTime":1284090,"duration":4370,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"But yeah. Any questions you want answered on the camera? [laughter]","startTime":1289530,"duration":6330,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"Yeah. Thank you. >>Thank you. [applause]","startTime":1295860,"duration":5170,"startOfParagraph":false},{"content":"[CS50.TV]","startTime":1301440,"duration":1560,"startOfParagraph":true}]}