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[Powered by Google Translate] [Semina - ICT4D: Teknolojia kwa Mwema]

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>> [Furaha Ming - Alisa Nguyen - Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]

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>> [Hii ni CS50. - CS50.TV]

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>> Hi. Jina langu ni Furaha Ming.

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Mimi ni sophomore kutoka Quincy Nyumba ya kuzingatia katika Sayansi ya Kompyuta

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na sekondari katika Global Health na Sera ya Afya.

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Na jina langu ni Alisa Nguyen.

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Mimi pia sophomore katika Quincy Nyumba ya kuzingatia katika Sayansi ya Kompyuta.

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>> Sawa. Hivyo leo sisi tu alitaka kuanza kwa kuuliza wewe guys swali.

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Je, teknolojia ya maana ya wewe?

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Yeyote anaweza kujibu?

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[Kike msemaji] Cool kompyuta na simu za mkononi.

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Baridi kompyuta na simu za mkononi.

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Hivyo kimsingi, Wazo ni kwamba mengi ya teknolojia ya leo,

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nini tunafikiri kuhusu teknolojia inakuja katika muda wa Facebook, Google, Microsoft,

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kubwa tech makampuni ambayo matumizi ya bidhaa flashy.

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Lakini semina yetu ya leo ni kujaribu kuonyesha njia mbadala

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unaweza kutumia ujuzi wako mpya CS50 kufanya madhara katika dunia.

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>> Hivyo jina la semina yetu ni ICT4D: Teknolojia kwa Good.

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Je, guys milele habari za ICT4D, na unajua nini maana?

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[Chuckling] Sawa.

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Anasimama kwa Teknolojia ya Habari na Mawasiliano kwa ajili ya Maendeleo,

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na ni haki inahusu matumizi ya teknolojia ya kuwasaidia watu duniani kote.

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Hivyo ni interdisciplinary mipango

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kuunganisha watu na rasilimali kwamba wanahitaji kuboresha ubora yao ya maisha.

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Na hivyo ICT4D linatokana na kuimarisha nguvu za mapinduzi ya teknolojia ya

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kupitia mwenendo haya yote tofauti,

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hivyo kuanzia wazo la kompyuta na data usindikaji katika miaka ya 1950 mwishoni

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na kisha kuchanganya Maendeleo ya Milenia ya baadaye

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na sasa sasa kuchanganya teknolojia mpya ya simu za mkononi

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kuwa na uwezo wa kutafuta njia ya kuwasaidia watu katika nchi zinazoendelea.

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>> Na hivyo sisi ni kwenda tu ya kuonyesha wanandoa njia tofauti ICT4D inaweza kutumika

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katika nyanja mbalimbali za jamii.

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moja ya kwanza tunakwenda kuzungumzia ni huduma ya afya.

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ICT4D baadhi sasa kuwa kutumika kwa ajili ya huduma ya afya inaweza kutumika kwa ajili ya,

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kwa mfano, telemedicine, ambayo ni kufanya shughuli na michakato ya kutoka umbali

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au hata kutoa taarifa kwa watu wenye ulemavu

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kuwa na uwezo wa kuwasiliana na watu wengine.

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>> Hivyo eneo jingine kubwa ya maombi ni elimu.

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Kwa ajili ya shamba hii tuna hii kampuni inayoitwa Inveneo,

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ambayo inatoa kwa gharama nafuu kompyuta vifaa na seva

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kujenga miundombinu ya mtandao katika nchi zinazoendelea.

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>> Maombi nyingine ni katika kilimo

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ambayo mambo tofauti kama vile kukosekana kwa usawa wa bei,

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habari kuhusu masoko,

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sera na tofauti mbinu mpya za uzalishaji

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wanaweza kuwa matangazo kwa wakulima kama vile walaji.

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>> Oh.

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Na ya chanzo kikubwa yanafanana na teknolojia ICT4D.

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Chanzo wazi inahusu, kama, programu ya chanzo,

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ambayo ina maana kwamba chanzo kanuni ni hadharani ili mtu yeyote kwamba wanaweza kuuhariri.

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Pengine kutumia Wikipedia wakati wote, na unaweza hariri kwamba.

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Hivyo kuna mengi ya miradi kama vile Kit Open Data,

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ambayo ni Suite ya simu ya zana programu

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iliyoundwa na kuruhusu kwa ajili ya ukusanyaji data rahisi na kudanganywa,

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hivyo watu kama vile wafanyakazi wa afya ya jamii katika vijijini India

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wanaweza kwenda nje ya vijiji na kukusanya taarifa juu ya wagonjwa wao

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na kutuma kwamba kwa urahisi na hospitali.

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>> Maombi nyingine ni kupitia fedha.

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Kwa mfano, Vodafone ina uhamisho fedha maombi

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ambayo inaruhusu watu ambao hawana upatikanaji wa akaunti ya benki

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kuwa na uwezo wa kuhamisha fedha, kulipa bili zao, au hata kuongeza mikopo kwa muda wa maongezi yao.

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>> Na moja ijayo ni mazingira.

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Maombi mbalimbali kwa kuwa ni pamoja na maombi ya

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kwamba itakuwa macho kuhusu utabiri wa hali ya hewa, hivyo yoyote majanga ya asili.

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mfano ni Red Lotus, ambayo ni iliyoundwa na kuhitimu Harvard,

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ambayo husaidia maeneo demine mbalimbali.

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>> ICT4D wanaweza pia kusaidia na serikali.

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Kuna mpango huu hapa Marekani iitwayo Kanuni kwa Marekani,

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ambayo inaunganisha wahitimu na miji kujenga zana programu

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kwamba miji unaweza kutumia ili-

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Kwa mfano, hapa katika Boston kuna mradi huu kuitwa Kupitisha-Hydrant

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kwamba alijaribu crowdsource tatizo la hydrants moto snowed-katika

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hivyo kwamba hata watu katika kitongoji yako mwenyewe

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inaweza kusaidia wale unblock hydrants moto katika kesi ya dharura.

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>> Hivyo sasa kwamba sisi kuambia kuhusu mengi ya maombi mbalimbali ya ICT4D,

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sisi ni kwenda kuzingatia utafiti mmoja kesi

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kuangalia afya vijijini India na kujaribu watafute njia tofauti

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kuwa wewe jaribu kuangalia tatizo hili.

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Na hivyo hapa, kama unaweza tu kuchukua muda wa kusoma tatizo,

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nini tunataka kufanya ni kutambua baadhi ya matatizo maalum

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ambayo ni waliotajwa katika utafiti huu kesi

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na kujaribu kutafuta njia kwamba unaweza uwezekano kufikiria juu ya kuyatatua

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au njia wewe Nimesikia ya kuyatatua.

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Hivyo kama unaweza kuchukua dakika kadhaa ya kusoma.

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[Kuna 17 madaktari, manesi au wakunga kwa kila watu 10,000.]

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[Kila mgonjwa basi ni wajibu kwa ajili yake au huduma ya afya yake mwenyewe baada ya wao kuondoka hospitali.]

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[Mengi ya huduma zinazotolewa ni madaraka kwa wafanyakazi wa afya ya jamii]

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[Ambao, ingawa mafunzo na hospitali, mara nyingi ni mdogo katika uwezo wao]

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[Kutoa huduma kamili au interface na kumbukumbu za hospitali.]

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[Wengi hospitali kutumia mifumo ya karatasi ambayo mara nyingi kupotea au kuharibiwa.]

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[Karatasi mifumo pia kufanya ni vigumu kuwasiliana kati ya hospitali,]

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[Hasa wakati wa mgogoro, au kuweka kumbukumbu kwa ajili ya baadaye.]

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Wote haki. Hivyo hakuna haja ya kuongeza mkono wako.

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Tu kelele nje chochote unaweza kuona ni baadhi ya matatizo ya uwezo

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ambayo ni waliotajwa katika utafiti kesi.

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[Kike msemaji] Ni vigumu kuwa hospitali kutumia mifumo ya karatasi

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kwa sababu kama wafanyakazi wa jamii ni kusafiri mbali mbali na hospitali,

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basi hawawezi update habari juu ya watu katika jamii au vijiji muda halisi.

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Basi mmoja wa washiriki wetu lovely tu alikuwa anazungumza juu ya

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jinsi ukweli hospitali na kutumia mifumo ya karatasi,

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ambayo ni vigumu kwa jamii ya wafanyakazi wa afya kwa kuwa na uwezo wa kuwasiliana muda halisi.

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Kwa hiyo kile ni baadhi ya matatizo mengine ambayo ni waliotajwa hapa?

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[Kiume msemaji] ukweli kwamba kuna madaktari 17 tu kwa kila watu 10,000.

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Hivyo ni jinsi gani sisi kupata wale watu kushikamana na madaktari hao na wakunga?

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Hivyo tatizo lingine ni kwamba kuna madaktari 17 tu kwa kila watu 10,000,

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hivyo kutafuta njia ya kuungana madaktari na watu kwamba wao ni kuwahudumia.

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Na hivyo kile ni baadhi ya ufumbuzi kwamba unaweza kuja na

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kwa yoyote ya matatizo hayo 2 kwamba wewe kupatikana?

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Mawazo yoyote?

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[Kiume msemaji] wingu makao kompyuta inaonekana kama wazo pretty kamatika,

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hasa kwa kugawana wa kumbukumbu kati ya hospitali mbalimbali

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na mambo kama hayo.

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Kama una kila kitu kumbukumbu teknolojia ya kompyuta

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na kisha una hiyo labda katika server salama wingu,

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basi inaweza kwa urahisi na mtu yeyote, [inaudible] na chochote

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kupata ndani ya mfumo. >> Uh-hunh (chanya).

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Hivyo chaguo moja kwamba ilikuwa tu zilizotajwa mara wingu makao kompyuta,

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ambayo ingekuwa dhahiri kuwa njia nzuri ya kuhifadhi wote wa kumbukumbu kwa njia salama

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na kuruhusu upatikanaji wa mengi ya watu tofauti.

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Mapendekezo yoyote nyingine ya njia mbalimbali?

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[Kike msemaji] Labda wafanyakazi wa afya wanaweza pia kutumia simu za mkononi.

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Ingekuwa kwa kuwa kweli interface user-kirafiki.

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Lakini hiyo inaweza kuwa kweli kusaidia kwa ajili yao kwa kuweka wimbo wa kumbukumbu hizi

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na kuingiliana na mfumo wingu makao. >> Uh-hunh (chanya).

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Na hivyo wazo jingine ni kwamba jumuiya ya wafanyakazi wa afya kutumia simu za mkononi

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kuwa na uwezo wa kuingiliana na mfumo huu wingu makao.

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>> Wale wote ni mawazo kubwa, na hivyo sisi ni kwenda tu ya kuonyesha mawazo ya wanandoa

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kuwa ni kuwa kuweka katika vitendo na mashirika mbalimbali.

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Na hivyo mimi nadhani itabidi kutumia panya wangu kwa sababu huwezi uhakika.

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Raxa ni mfumo kwamba ni kujenga mfumo wa elektroniki rekodi matibabu kwa ajili ya hospitali

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ambayo itasaidia kuimarisha wote wa habari.

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CommCare ni sehemu ya Dimagi, ambayo ni kujenga maombi ya simu

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kwa wafanyakazi wa afya ya jamii kuwa na uwezo wa kupashana habari

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kwa subcenters yao au hospitalini.

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Jana Care kukabiliana na tatizo la kuwapatia wagonjwa habari zaidi

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kuhusu magonjwa yao na kuruhusu kwao kwa kuwa na mawasiliano na kocha mmoja kwa mmoja

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kwa ajili ya kuzuia ugonjwa wa kisukari.

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ClickMedix inatoa afya ya jamii wafanyakazi zana

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kuwa na uwezo wa kutoa huduma kwa ajili ya wanakijiji.

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Washirika Katika Afya ya kutumia teknolojia ya kufuatilia kipindupindu nchini Haiti baada ya tetemeko la ardhi.

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Na hata kubwa makampuni kama Google na Microsoft

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ni pia kuangalia ICT4D kama njia ya kusaidia matatizo duniani.

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>> Sasa tungependa ili kukabiliana na tatizo la upatikanaji wa elimu katika maeneo ya vijijini.

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Na sisi tu alitaka kuonyesha mradi

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kwamba watu ni kazi sasa hivi inaitwa OLPC.

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Hivyo kama tunaweza tu kutazama video hii.

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[Video kucheza] One Laptop Per Mtoto. Hiyo ni jina yetu na maono yetu.

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Tunataka kujenga fursa za elimu kwa watoto maskini duniani

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kwa kutoa kila mmoja na kila mmoja pamoja na rugged gharama ya chini,

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chini ya nguvu, kushikamana mbali.

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Na hii ni kwamba mbali.

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Kusema hello XO, kompyuta tofauti yoyote,

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iliyoundwa mahsusi na kazi katika hali ngumu na maeneo ya kijijini.

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Ni huja packed na programu na shughuli kuwasaidia watoto kujifunza,

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kuchunguza, kujenga, na kushiriki.

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Haijalishi lugha wanaongea au wapi wanaishi,

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XO unajumuisha yao kwa kila mmoja, na ulimwengu, na ya baadaye ya mkali.

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Sisi ni shirika lisilo, ambayo inafanya watoto hawa dhamira yetu, si soko letu.

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Hiyo ndiyo sababu popote XO unaendelea, kuna 5 msingi kanuni za kila mtu anakubaliana.

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Kwanza, watoto kupata kushika Laptops.

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Wao kuwa huru kuchukua yao nyumbani na matumizi yao wakati wowote wanataka.

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Hiyo ni aina ya uhakika.

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Pili, sisi ni kulenga elimu mapema, ambayo ina maana watoto kuhusu miaka 6 na 12 ya zamani.

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Tatu, tuna mpango katika idadi kubwa ya Laptops

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hivyo wote madarasa na shule za kupata yao wakati huo huo hivyo hakuna mtu anapata kushoto nje.

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Nne, watoto wanapaswa kuwa na uhusiano na mtandao

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sababu kuna mambo nadhifu kujifunza kwenye mtandao.

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Tano na hatimaye, XO lazima ni pamoja na huru na ya chanzo programu.

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Kisha mbali yenyewe inaweza kukua kwa urahisi na kukabiliana na mahitaji ya mtoto.

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Hivyo kwa kifupi, hiyo ni sisi,

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shirika ambalo hufanya kompyuta ndogo ya kutumikia kubwa kusababisha-

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kuleta elimu kwa watoto duniani kote na One Laptop Per Mtoto.

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[♪ muziki kucheza kwenye video ♪] [amazon.com / XO]

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Sisi tu walitaka kuuliza nyie kutathmini One Laptop Per Mtoto

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katika suala la nini wanafanya, ni jinsi gani wao kufanya hivyo,

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na chanya na hasi ambayo yanaweza kutokea.

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Wanafanya nini?

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[Kiume msemaji] Wao ni kutoa huduma kwa kundi unaohitajika. >> Yeah.

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Hivyo kimsingi, wao kushirikiana na serikali za nchi

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kama vile India na Brazil kutoa watoto wa shule za umma na Laptops bure.

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Kulingana na video hiyo, je, unataka kuzungumza kuhusu hali hiyo?

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[Chuckling]

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Wao zilizotajwa mtandao chanjo. Wanafanya nini kuhusu hilo?

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[Kike msemaji] Mimi sidhani ni hasa kuongea kuhusu hilo,

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lakini inaonekana kama kuna bila haja ya kuwa mengi ya miundombinu iliyopo,

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hasa kama wanataka internet connection.

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Yeah, kuna haja ya kuwa zilizopo mtandao wa miundombinu katika nafasi kwa hii kazi kweli kweli

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Laptops kwa sababu hawana haja ya kupata internet.

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Nini kuhusu uwezo wa kuendesha?

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Kama wewe guys kuwa na habari kuhusu hili kabla, OLPC ina kweli kutangazwa Laptops yao

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kuwa tu $ 100 kwa mbali kila,

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na kumekuwa na michache ya ukosoaji na kwamba

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kwa sababu wao kuishia kugharimu dola 250 kila.

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Hivyo serikali wakati mwingine wanaweza kuwa na fedha za kutosha kulipa kwa ajili ya haya.

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Hivyo wamefanya moja kutoa, kupata moja ya kampeni

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ambapo unaweza kuchangia fedha ili mtu mwingine anaweza kuwa mbali

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na kisha kupata mbali XO mwenyewe.

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Nini kuhusu masuala yanayohusu mafunzo?

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[Kike msemaji] Hii dhahiri inaweza kuwa kweli muhimu kwa ajili ya elimu,

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lakini kama watoto hawajui jinsi ya kutumia Laptops, basi ni si thabiti.

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Yeah. Basi nini kama watoto hawajui jinsi ya kutumia Laptops katika nafasi ya kwanza?

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Jinsi ni wao kwenda kujifunza?

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Kuna si kweli mafunzo yoyote zinazotolewa na Laptops XO.

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Sawa. Hivyo sasa hebu hoja juu ya haja.

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Je, guys kufikiri kuwa hili ni suala kubwa kwamba tunapaswa kuyashughulikia?

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[Kike msemaji] Ndiyo. >> Yeah. Lakini kuna njia zaidi ya moja ya kushughulikia tatizo hili.

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Hivyo wazo si suala kama kuna haja ya teknolojia kwa ajili ya watoto

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lakini kama ni kweli kushughulikia vizuri. >> Yeah.

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Hivyo unaweza kufikiria njia nyingine yoyote kwamba unaweza kushughulikia

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upatikanaji wa elimu tatizo?

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[Kike msemaji] Labda hana mtu mmoja mmoja kama Laptops

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lakini bado kwa kutumia teknolojia nyingine ambayo kusaidia.

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Hivyo labda kama projector darasani. >> Yeah.

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[Kike msemaji] Si kuruka moja kwa moja kwenye [inaudible] >> Yeah.

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Hivyo ni jinsi ufanisi ni mbali binafsi katika suala la elimu?

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Nini kama kuna ufumbuzi bora kama vile Projector darasani

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au ubao mweupe au kitu ambacho darasa zima unaweza kutumia?

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Na baadhi nyingine nontechnical ufumbuzi kwamba tulikuwa kuchangia mawazo

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ilikuwa uwezekano suala la kuwa na walimu zaidi kwa kuanza na

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kama hawakuwa na walimu wa kutosha katika shule zao;

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kuwa na vitabu vya kutosha na vifaa vya shule katika madarasa yao kama vile.

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Na wakati tunazungumzia ICT4D, sisi pia wanataka kushughulikia malalamiko ya baadaye

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ambayo inaweza kutokea kutokana na ufumbuzi huu.

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Scalability.

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Kwa maana sisi ni scalability inawezekana kusambaza haya Laptops wote

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kwa kiasi kikubwa kwa shule nzima? Jinsi rahisi ni kwamba kufanya?

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Matengenezo. Nini kama akifa mbali?

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Je, ni wewe kwenda kufanya kama wewe hakujua jinsi ya kutumia hiyo kuanza na?

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Endelevu.

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Ni wewe kutumia bidhaa eco-kirafiki baada ya maisha mbali ya mzunguko kumalizika?

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Yeah.

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Hivyo kwamba mara tu maelezo mafupi ya ufumbuzi inawezekana katika ICT4D

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kwamba wanaweza au kuwa kweli suluhisho bora kwa muda mrefu.

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Hivyo mimi nadhani wazo ni kwamba teknolojia inaweza kutumika kwa ajili ya mema,

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lakini wakati mwingine ni muhimu kwa kina kutathmini kama au ni ufumbuzi bora

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na jinsi ufumbuzi hii inaweza kubadilishwa ili kufaa hali hiyo,

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wote kwa sasa na kwa muda mrefu.

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Hivyo OLPC wakati mwingine ni kukosoa mengi juu ya masuala haya ya 3,

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lakini kazi yao ni moja nzuri.

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Na ni vigumu kusema kwamba hutaki kutoa Laptops

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kwa watoto maskini katika nchi zinazoendelea

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lakini tu kwa kuwa na ufahamu kwamba kuna baadhi ya mambo ambayo unapaswa kuwa muhimu kwa.

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>> Na hivyo sisi aliongea mengi kuhusu ufumbuzi tofauti kwamba ni iliyopo

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na njia tofauti, kama bongo ufumbuzi kwa matatizo.

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Na hivyo sasa hivi sisi ni kwenda tu kuzungumza kidogo, mimi nadhani,

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kuhusu jinsi gani itakuwa na uwezo wa kuwa sehemu ya jamii ICT4D.

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Moja ya njia ya dhahiri ni ya kujifunza zaidi.

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Kama ni kwa njia ya madarasa katika Harvard,

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Harvard ina mengi ya madarasa nzuri kwamba kuangalia hali.

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Kuna mengi ya madarasa katika suala la labda anthropolojia

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au sosiolojia ya background ya kanda zinazoendelea,

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na kuna mengi ya madarasa pia kwamba kukusaidia na ujuzi

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kwamba ingekuwa hatimaye kuwa na uwezo wa kutumika kwa teknolojia yetu.

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Kama CS50. >> Kama CS50, bila shaka-

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kuwa na uwezo wa kutumia ujuzi kwamba una sasa

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kwa siku moja kujenga ufumbuzi kwa matatizo katika madarasa mengine kwamba wewe ni kujifunza.

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Chaguzi nyingine ni kwa njia ya msalaba-kusajili.

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Kuna maabara ya maendeleo katika MIT, ambayo haina miradi ya uhandisi nzuri

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kwa nchi zinazoendelea.

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Ni kweli kuna darasa kwa ajili ya ICT4D katika MIT kuangalia mada hii.

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Na daima tu kuwa na ufahamu wa kujifunza.

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Hivyo kuna mengi ya rasilimali zilizopo hata kama ni shamba haki mpya.

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Kuna mengi ya magazeti na dhahiri mengi ya njia ya kujifunza zaidi kuhusu hali

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na njia ambazo unaweza kusaidia. >> Yeah.

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Hivyo tu ya ugani ya kwamba ni kutunza hadi sasa na habari kila

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katika jamii ICT4D na fursa zote zilizopo.

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Hivyo kuna michache ya kitaifa orodha ya barua pepe ya Marekani kwamba wewe guys unaweza kujiunga.

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Kuna kundi kubwa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Washington kwamba inaonekana katika masuala haya,

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na ni kuitwa lugha. Hivyo kama unataka kuangalia kuwa juu, hiyo ni change.washington.edu.

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Na pia kuna wanandoa zaidi mitaa email orodha.

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Ilianza saa moja MIT, mwingine katika Carnegie Mellon,

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na ni njia tu nzuri ya kuendelea hadi tarehe na nini kila mtu mwingine ni kufanya.

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Na dhahiri moja ya njia bora ya kuchangia ni kweli kuchangia katika mradi huo.

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Na hivyo hata kwa ujuzi kwamba wamejifunza katika CS50,

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inawezekana kushiriki katika programu huru na ya chanzo kama sisi walikuwa wanazungumza juu ya

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ambapo wote wa kanuni ni online na wao ni kuangalia tu kwa watu kuchangia,

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kwa fujo na APIs zao, na tu kuwa sehemu ya jamii zao.

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Hivyo kuna kuwa, na unaweza kufanya hivyo kwa kupitia nafasi zaidi iliyoundwa

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kama Google majira ya Kanuni, ambayo kimsingi finansierar wewe kazi juu ya programu ya chanzo.

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Fursa nyingine itakuwa kuwasiliana na mashirika mbalimbali ya ndani.

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Kama wewe kuzungumza na sisi, tutaweza pengine kuwa na uwezo wa kukusaidia bongo

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michache ya mashirika na maeneo kwamba wewe ni nia ya

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kama unataka kuwa na uwezo wa kuchangia kwa njia hiyo.

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Na hatimaye tunakwenda kuunda orodha pana zaidi

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wa mashirika mbalimbali ambayo ni kuangalia kwa wanafunzi kushangaza Harvard kushiriki,

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kama ni upande wa kiufundi au tarehe ya mwisho ya biashara.

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Hivyo kwa mfano, jana majira ya joto nilikuwa na uwezo wa kutumia ujuzi wangu CS50 nchini India

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kufanya kazi na teknolojia ya huduma ya afya mashirika yasiyo ya faida.

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Mimi nilikuwa na si coded kabla, lakini CS50 kuweka kwangu katika mood kuwa na uwezo wa kuchangia mengi

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kwa mradi huo ambao zilizopo na kufanya madhara. >> Yeah.

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Na pia kama una wazo yako mwenyewe kama jinsi ya kurekebisha matatizo haya,

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dhahiri kuanza mradi yako mwenyewe.

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Kuna mengi ya mambo ambayo unaweza kufanya hapa, kama changamoto ya Rais,

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katika MIT wana changamoto $ 100k, kuna Hack Harvard.

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Kuna rasilimali nyingi karibu na wewe kama unataka kupata wazo yako juu na kukimbia.

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Na kuna mengi ya hadithi nzuri ya wanafunzi Harvard ambao wamefanya mambo kama hii.

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Mmoja wa marafiki zangu alikuwa akifanya kazi katika India kufanya kazi na kukosekana kwa usawa wa bei

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na SMS teknolojia ya kuwa na uwezo wa tahadhari ya wakulima kuhusu mahitaji kwa ajili ya bidhaa zao.

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Rafiki mwingine ni kazi ya kuwatahadharisha Afya ya mtoto katika India kama vile

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na SMS kuwakumbusha kuhusu kufuata katika dawa.

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Lakini mawazo kama kwamba ni dhahiri iwezekanavyo, na kuna watu wengi rasilimali

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kuwa na uwezo wa basi wewe kufanya hivyo. >> Yeah.

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>> Na hivyo, yeah, shukrani kwa kuja semina yetu.

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Na kama una maswali yoyote, dhahiri-

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Maswali yoyote sasa?

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Au tutaweza kuwa huru kuzungumza katika hali isiyo rasmi.

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Lakini yeah. Maswali yoyote unataka akajibu kwenye kamera? [Kicheko]

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Yeah. Asante. >> Asante. [Makofi]

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>> [CS50.TV]