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>> [MUSIC]

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>> DAVID J. Malan: Kull dritt.

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Allura dan huwa CS50 u dan
hija t-tmiem ta 'ġimgħa 10.

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Allura xi wħud minnkom tista raw dan
diġà, iżda ma jkunu ċċirkolati tard

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huwa oġġett li ħsibt I d taqra
silta minn u mbagħad nuruk

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tlieta minuta video li ż-żebgħa
l-istess stampa.

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Kien verament storja jmissu, I
ħsieb, ta 'dan intersezzjoni tal-

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dinja reali ma ġenwinament konvinċenti
użi ta 'teknoloġija.

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>> Allura l-artikolu kien intitolat, "A boy
oversleeps fuq ferrovija, tuża Google Maps

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biex isibu familja 25 snin wara. "U l-
ewwel koppja ta 'paragrafi kienu,

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"Meta Saroo kellu ħames snin huwa mar
ma ħuh anzjani scrounge għall

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bidla fuq ferrovija tal-passiġġieri
fil-belt madwar sagħtejn

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minn Hometown żgħar tiegħu.

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Saroo saret għajjien u hopped fuq
ferrovija fil-qrib fejn hu maħsub tiegħu

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brother kien, allura waqgħet rieqda.

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Meta hu woke up kien fil Calcutta,
kważi 900 mil bogħod.

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Saroo ppruvaw isibu mod tiegħu
lura, iżda ma kienx jaf

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l-isem ta 'Hometown tiegħu.

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U bħala boy illitterati ċkejkna fil vast
belt sħiħa tat-tfal huwa kellu minsija

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prattikament l-ebda ċans ta 'jkollna dar.

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>> Huwa kien tifel triq għal filwaqt sakemm
aġenzija adozzjoni lokali hooked

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lilu up ma 'koppja Awstraljan
li wassluh biex

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jgħixu fil Hobart, Tasmania.

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Saroo mċaqalqa hemm, tgħallmu
Ingliż, u kiber.

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Imma hu qatt ma waqfet tfittex
familja tiegħu u Hometown tiegħu.

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>> Għexieren ta 'snin wara, huwa skopra Google
Dinja u binarji segwiti.

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U li jagħti lilu nnifsu raġġ preskritt
ibbażata fuq kemm hu maħsub li kien

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rieqed u kif fast hu maħsub il-ferrovija
kien għaddej, kien jaf li ntlaqgħet kibret

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fi klima sħuna, kien jaf hu tkellem
Ħindi bħala tifel, u hu d qallek

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li hu dehru qishom
kien mill East India.

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>> Fl-aħħarnett, wara snin ta 'għorik
-ritratti bis-satellita, huwa

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rikonoxxuti ta 'postijiet familjari ftit.

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U wara chat ma 'amministratur
ta 'l-belt fil-qrib

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Facebook page, induna
HED sab dar. "

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>> Allura hawnhekk allura hu l-video javżak
li tale mill-perspettiva tiegħu.

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>> [Daqq video]

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>> -It kellu 26 sena ilu u I kien
biss dwar li jduru ħamsa.

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Aħna qbilna li l-istazzjon tal-ferrovija u
aħna telgħu abbord ferrovija flimkien.

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My brother biss qal jien ser jibqgħu
hawn u jien ser jiġu lura.

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U I maħsub biss, ukoll, inti taf, I
tista 'ukoll biss tmur torqod u

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allura hu ser tqum biss me up.

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U meta I jinxtegħel l-għada, il-
ġarr kollu kien vojt fuq runaway

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ferrovija, ferrovija ghost tieħu
me I ma nafx fejn.

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>> I kien adottat out lejn l-Awstralja
għal familja Awstraljan.

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U omm kienet imżejjen kamra tiegħi ma
il-mappa ta 'l-Indja, li hija

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jitqiegħdu ħdejn komodina tiegħi.

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I woke up kull filgħodu jaraw li mappa,
u għalhekk, hija tip ta 'żamm l-

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memorji ħajjin.

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>> Nies jgħidu, inti qed tipprova
isibu labra fil haystack.

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Saroo, int qatt ser issib lilha.

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I d jkollhom fwawar tal-postijiet li
I użati biex tmur, il-fwawar

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ta 'uċuh tal-familja tiegħi.

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Ma kien hemm l-immaġni ta 'ommi seduta
isfel ma saqajn tagħha qasmu

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biss jaraw cry tagħha.

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Life huwa biss hekk iebes.

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Dan kien teżor tiegħi.

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>> U I kienet tfittex fil-Google Map u
realizzati hemm Google Earth ukoll.

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F'dinja fejn inti tista zoom in I
beda jkollhom dawn il-ħsibijiet u

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liema possibbiltajiet li
din tista 'tagħmel għalija.

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I qal li myself, ukoll, inti taf,
inti stajt ltqajna l-fotografiku

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memorji u postijiet familjari fejn int
minn u inti taf liema

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il-belt qisu.

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Dan jista 'jkun applikazzjoni li inti
tista 'tuża biex issib triqtek lura.

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>> Ħsibt, ukoll, I ser jitqiegħdu tikka fuq
Istazzjon tal-Ferrovija Calcutta fl f'raġġ

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linja li inti għandek tkun tiftix
madwar il-qasam.

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I sab dawn il-binarji tal-ferrovija.

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U bdejt wara dan u Wasalt biex
stazzjon tal-ferrovija li kien jirrifletti l-

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istess immaġni li kien fil-memorji tiegħi.

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>> Kollox mqabbla.

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I maħsub biss, yep.

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Naf fejn jien ser.

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Jien biss ser let-mappa li I
jkollhom in my head li twassal lili u jieħdu me

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lura għall Hometown tiegħi.

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>> Wasalt għall-tarġa tal-bieb tad-dar
li kien I twieled u mixi madwar

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madwar ħmistax meters
l-kantuniera.

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Kien hemm tliet onorevoli wieqfa barra
maġenb xulxin.

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U l-wieħed nofs intensifikati l quddiem.

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U I maħsub biss, din
huwa ommok.

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Hija waslet quddiem, hi hugged lili, u aħna
kien hemm għal madwar ħames minuti.

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>> Hija grabbed naħa tiegħi u hi ħa nagħmel
l-dar u ltqajna fuq it-telefon u hi

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rang sister tiegħi u brother tiegħi li jgħidu
li brother tiegħek biss kollha tal-

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f'daqqa deher bħal ghost.

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>> U allura l-familja kienet
mill-ġdid mill-ġdid.

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Kollox kollu tajjeb.

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I jgħinu ommi out.

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Hija ma jkollhom jiġu slaving bogħod.

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Hija tista 'twassal il-bqija ta'
ħajja tagħha fil-paċi.

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>> Kien labra fil haystack,
iżda l-labra kien hemm.

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Kollox hemm.

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Kollox għandna fid-dinja
huwa l-vit ta 'buttuna.

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Imma inti ħadthom qbilna li jkollhom ir-rieda u
id-determinazzjoni li jixtiequ dan.

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>> [Daqq video END]

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>> Allura storja verament ħelwa.

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U fil-fatt tfakkarni ta pjuttost
suġġett li kien jkollna pjuttost ftit

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ta 'attenzjoni tal tard fil-Crimson,
aktar nazzjonalment b'mod ġenerali.

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Speċjalment bħala MOOCs qed tieħu
l-istadju ta tard.

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MOOCs huma dawn massiva u miftuħa
korsijiet online li CS50 hija waħda.

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>> U n-nies jitkellmu dwar kif,
Pereżempju, l-istudji umanistiċi ma humiex verament

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ilaħħqu jew mhumiex kważi bħala
Vogue kif darba kienu.

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U nixtieq ninkoraġġukom guys, ħafna
bħal Jonathan ma nhar it-Tnejn, biex jaħsbu

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dwar kif inti ħruġ 50, u nafu
diġà madwar 50% tal inti mhux se

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tkompli fuq biex tieħu l-kompjuter ieħor
kors tax-xjenza, u li l-totalment

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multa u mistennija.

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Għaliex wieħed mill-għanijiet komprensivi
ta 'klassi bħal dan huwa verament li

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inti s-setgħa guys ma biss
fehim ta 'kif kollha ta' dan il-għalf

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jaħdem u kif din id-dinja
ta 'xogħlijiet teknoloġija.

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>> B'tali mod li meta inti lura fil tiegħek stess
dinjiet, kemm jekk huwa pre-med jew

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Jekk huwa l-umanistiċi l-
xjenzi soċjali jew f'xi qasam ieħor

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kollox, li inti guys huma jġibu
xi sofistikati tekniku għall-mejda u

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jgħinu biex jagħmlu deċiżjonijiet intelliġenti meta
niġu għall-użu ta 'u

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introduzzjoni ta 'teknoloġija
fis-dinja tiegħek.

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>> Per eżempju I kien mfakkra ta tard
wisq ta 'tnejn mill-undergraduate

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klassijiet I ħa sentejn ilu, li kienu
użi sempliċi bħal dawn ta 'teknoloġija

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imma qatt tant konvinċenti.

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Ewwel Nights ma Professur Tom Kelly
jekk inti ħadt il-klassi.

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Huwa klassi fuq il-mużika klassika fuq
F'dan l-istadju hawn fejn inti titgħallem

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ftit xi ħaġa dwar il-mużika.

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Huwa fil-fatt Ewwel Nights li CS50
mislufa l-idea ta 'binarji għal dawk

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inqas komdi fl bejn
u aktar komdi.

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>> Fil-ħin tiegħi kellhom binarji differenti
għat-tfal bi assolutament ebda mużika

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esperjenza simili me, u mbagħad gidjien li
kienu jwettqu peress li kienu

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ħames snin.

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U dik il-klassi, per eżempju, biss kellhom
websajt bħal ħafna xi oħra, iżda

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kien website li inti permess li
jesploraw mużika fuqha u play lura

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clips mużikali minn klassi, mill-web,
u biss użu tat-teknoloġija fil-ħafna

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b'mod uniformi.

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>> Snin oħra wara li klassi I
verifikati, essenzjalment, fl-iskola grad,

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Anthro 1010, Introduzzjoni
biex Arkeoloġija hawn.

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Kien aqwa.

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U waħda mill-aktar konvinċenti għadhom super
ovvju, retrospettivament, l-użi ta '

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software kienet li l-professuri fl-
dik il-klassi użat Google Earth.

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Konna seduta madwar il-triq
f'xi sala lecture.

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U inti ma tista 'tivvjaġġa, per eżempju,
lejn il-Lvant Nofsani sa l-ħaffer li wieħed

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mill-professuri kienet għadha kemm toħroġ lura fuq,
imma stajna nagħmlu li kważi mill

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jtajru madwar fil-Google Earth u
tħares lejn għasfur għajnejn-dawl fiż-

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ħaffer sit hu kien irritornat
minn ġimgħa ilu.

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>> So I jinkoraġġixxi inti guys,
speċjalment fl-istudji umanistiċi, li jmorru

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lura għal dawk id-dipartimenti wara dan
klassi jġibu proġetti finali tiegħek

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miegħek jew ideat tal tiegħek, u ara
biss dak li tista 'tagħmel biex infuse tiegħek

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oqsma stess fil umanistika jew lil hinn
bi ftit ta 'dan it-tip ta'

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ħaġa li konna esplorati
hawn fil CS50.

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>> Allura ma 'dak stampa miżbugħa, ħasbu
aħna'd jippruvaw jindirizzaw żewġ affarijiet illum.

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Wieħed, jippruvaw jagħtuk sens ta '
fejn inti tista 'tmur wara 50.

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U b'mod partikolari, jekk inti tagħżel li
jindirizzaw proġett web ibbażat kif inhu

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oerhört komuni, kif inti tista 'tmur
dwar it-teħid off kollha ta 'l-CS50

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roti ta 'taħriġ u għaddejjin hemmhekk fuq
tiegħek stess u ma jkollhom jiddependu fuq

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PDF jew speċifikazzjoni ta 'pset?

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00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:50,510
Ma jkollhom jiddependu fuq CS50
appliance aktar.

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Imma tista 'verament pull lilek innifsek
mill bootstraps tiegħek.

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>> Ma 'dak imsemmi, C-imsejsa finali
proġetti huma milqugħa.

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Affarijiet li jużaw l-istand għall-
librerija portabbli

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grafika huma milqugħa.

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Aħna biss jafu li statistikament ħafna
nies gidma off proġetti fil-PHP u

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00:08:03,240 --> 00:08:07,860
Python u Ruby u MySQL u oħrajn
ambjenti, hekk aħna ser bias xi wħud

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rimarki tagħna lejn dik.

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>> Iżda ħarsa lura malajr.

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Allura aħna ħa għall mogħtija fil pset7 l-
teżisti fatt li $ _SESSION.

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Dan kien globali super, globali,
firxa assoċjattiva.

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U dan xi let you do?

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Funzjonalment, x'inhu l-
karatteristika dan jagħtina?

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Yeah?

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Sabiex jittraċċjaw il-utent ID.

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U dan għaliex hu utli?

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Biex ikunu kapaċi li jaħżen ġewwa ta 'dan super
JHarvard globali jew [? Scroobs?]

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jew Malan tal user ID meta hu
jew jżur sit.

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>> Eżattament.

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Allura inti ma għandekx log
fl-ġdid u għal darb'oħra.

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Ikun dinja verament lame wide web
jekk kull darba li inti għafast rabta

172
00:08:47,170 --> 00:08:50,780
fuq sit bħal Facebook jew kull darba
inti għafast fuq email fil Gmail inti

173
00:08:50,780 --> 00:08:54,060
kellhom jerġgħu jawtentikaw li jipprova li
huwa għadu int u mhux roommate tiegħek

174
00:08:54,060 --> 00:08:56,700
li jistgħu jkunu mixi sa tiegħek
kompjuter fl-assenza tiegħek.

175
00:08:56,700 --> 00:08:59,640
>> Allura aħna nużaw SESSJONI għal ftit
ftakar min int.

176
00:08:59,640 --> 00:09:01,830
U kif dan huwa implimentat
taħt il-barnuża?

177
00:09:01,830 --> 00:09:07,720
Kif ma 'websajt li juża, l-
protokoll li web browsers u s-servers

178
00:09:07,720 --> 00:09:12,060
jitkellmu, kif ma HTTP, li huwa
protokoll mingħajr stat, ejja ngħidu.

179
00:09:12,060 --> 00:09:15,510
>> U billi mingħajr stat I mean, ladarba inti
konnessjoni ma 'websajt, tniżżel xi

180
00:09:15,510 --> 00:09:19,650
HTMLs, xi JavaScript, xi CSS, tiegħek
icon browser waqfiet għażil.

181
00:09:19,650 --> 00:09:23,420
Inti ma jkollhom konnessjoni kostanti
għall-server tipikament.

182
00:09:23,420 --> 00:09:24,170
Thats it.

183
00:09:24,170 --> 00:09:26,290
M'hemm l-ebda stat miżmum
kontinwament.

184
00:09:26,290 --> 00:09:30,510
Allura kif qed SESSION implimentata b'tali
b'tali mod li kull darba li inti tagħmel żjara

185
00:09:30,510 --> 00:09:32,860
paġna ġdida, il-websajt jiftakar
min int?

186
00:09:32,860 --> 00:09:36,150

187
00:09:36,150 --> 00:09:38,195
X'hemm-implimentazzjoni sottostanti
dettall?

188
00:09:38,195 --> 00:09:40,810

189
00:09:40,810 --> 00:09:41,490
Shout out.

190
00:09:41,490 --> 00:09:43,270
Huwa kelma waħda.

191
00:09:43,270 --> 00:09:43,640
>> Cookies.

192
00:09:43,640 --> 00:09:44,190
Kull dritt.

193
00:09:44,190 --> 00:09:44,800
Allura cookies.

194
00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:45,900
Ukoll, kif huma cookies użati?

195
00:09:45,900 --> 00:09:48,870
Aħna ser tfakkar li cookie huwa ġeneralment
biss biċċa informazzjoni.

196
00:09:48,870 --> 00:09:51,590
U huwa spiss każwali big
numru, iżda mhux dejjem.

197
00:09:51,590 --> 00:09:55,420
U cookie hija mħawla fuq hard tiegħek
drive jew RAM kompjuter tiegħek sabiex

198
00:09:55,420 --> 00:09:59,070
li kull darba li inti tirrevedi l-istess
website, browser tiegħek ifakkar lill-

199
00:09:59,070 --> 00:10:01,650
server, I am utent 1234567.

200
00:10:01,650 --> 00:10:03,570
I am utent 1234567.

201
00:10:03,570 --> 00:10:07,590
>> U sakemm il-server ikun mfakkar
dak l-utent 1234567 hija

202
00:10:07,590 --> 00:10:11,300
JHarvard, il-websajt se biss wieħed jassumi
li inti min inti tgħidli int.

203
00:10:11,300 --> 00:10:14,230
U tfakkar li qed nippreżentaw dawn il-cookies
tip ta 'fil-forma ta'

204
00:10:14,230 --> 00:10:15,510
stand idejn virtwali.

205
00:10:15,510 --> 00:10:20,530
Huwa mibgħuta fil-headers HTTP biss biex
ifakkar lill-server li inti li dan

206
00:10:20,530 --> 00:10:21,620
jaħseb inti.

207
00:10:21,620 --> 00:10:23,320
>> Of course, hemm theddida.

208
00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:27,530
What theddida ma dan jiftħilna biex jekk
aħna qed essenzjalment jużaw it-tip ta 'klabb

209
00:10:27,530 --> 00:10:30,110
jew mekkaniżmu park ta 'divertiment
għall ftakar li aħna?

210
00:10:30,110 --> 00:10:32,630

211
00:10:32,630 --> 00:10:36,170
>> Jekk inti kopja cookie xi ħadd u hijack
sessjoni tagħhom, biex ngħidu hekk, inti

212
00:10:36,170 --> 00:10:39,670
jista jippretendux li huma xi ħadd ieħor u l-
websajt aktar probabbli huwa biss se

213
00:10:39,670 --> 00:10:40,150
nemmnu li inti.

214
00:10:40,150 --> 00:10:41,030
Allura aħna ser terga 'lura għal dan.

215
00:10:41,030 --> 00:10:44,240
Minħabba l-ieħor tema għal-lum lil hinn
empowerment huwa wkoll jitkellem

216
00:10:44,240 --> 00:10:48,170
dwar id-dinja ħafna scary ngħixu
u biss kemm ta 'dak li tagħmel fuq

217
00:10:48,170 --> 00:10:51,480
il-web, kemm ta 'dak li nagħmlu anke
fuq cell phones tiegħek illum jista 'jkun

218
00:10:51,480 --> 00:10:55,170
tracked verament minn kulħadd bejn
inti u l-punt B.

219
00:10:55,170 --> 00:10:56,240
>> U Ajax, recall.

220
00:10:56,240 --> 00:10:58,740
Ħarisna biss fil-qosor għal dan,
għalkemm inti stajt ilhom jużawha

221
00:10:58,740 --> 00:11:02,660
indirettament pset8 għaliex inti qed tuża
Google Maps u għax int

222
00:11:02,660 --> 00:11:03,830
jużaw Google Earth.

223
00:11:03,830 --> 00:11:07,780
Google Maps u Google Earth ma
tniżżel il-dinja kollha għall tiegħek

224
00:11:07,780 --> 00:11:10,490
desktop, ovvjament, il-
mument li inti tagħbija pset8.

225
00:11:10,490 --> 00:11:15,020
Hija biss downloads kwadru tad-dinja
jew kwadru akbar tad-dinja.

226
00:11:15,020 --> 00:11:18,910
U mbagħad kull darba li inti tip ta 'steer
barra mill-firxa tista 'tinnota -

227
00:11:18,910 --> 00:11:21,790
speċjalment jekk fuq konnessjoni bil-mod - inti
tista 'tara xi griż għal mument

228
00:11:21,790 --> 00:11:26,440
jew daqsxejn ta 'xbihat fuzzy bħala l-
downloads kompjuters aktar bħal madum,

229
00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:29,190
aktar 'xbihat bħal dawn mill-
dinja jew l-earth.

230
00:11:29,190 --> 00:11:34,620
>> U Ajax huwa ġeneralment it-teknika
mill-websajts li qed jagħmlu dan.

231
00:11:34,620 --> 00:11:39,250
Ladarba inti teħtieġ aktar tal-mappa, tiegħek
browser huwa ser tuża Ajax, li huwa

232
00:11:39,250 --> 00:11:42,240
nnifisha ma tkunx lingwa jew teknoloġija,
huwa biss ta 'teknika.

233
00:11:42,240 --> 00:11:47,390
Hu l-użu ta 'JavaScript biex mur jiksbu
aktar informazzjoni minn server li

234
00:11:47,390 --> 00:11:52,320
jippermetti browser tiegħek li tmur tikseb x'hemm li
il-lvant jew x'hemm fil-punent ta '

235
00:11:52,320 --> 00:11:55,110
x'hemm inkella bħalissa
qed jintwera f'dan il-pjan.

236
00:11:55,110 --> 00:11:58,520
Allura dan huwa suġġett li ħafna minnkom
se jiltaqgħu direttament jew

237
00:11:58,520 --> 00:12:01,180
indirettament permezz ta 'proġetti finali jekk inti
jagħżlu li jagħmlu xi ħaġa li

238
00:12:01,180 --> 00:12:05,020
bl-istess mod dinamiku li l-ġbid data
minn xi parti terza website.

239
00:12:05,020 --> 00:12:07,390
>> Allura aħna ħadthom ltqajna verament eċċitanti
l-Erbgħa li jmiss quddiem.

240
00:12:07,390 --> 00:12:12,280
Quiz waħda, l-informazzjoni li għaliha
huwa fuq CS50.net diġà.

241
00:12:12,280 --> 00:12:17,530
Jafu li se jkun hemm sessjoni ta 'reviżjoni
din ġejjin it-Tnejn fil 05:30.

242
00:12:17,530 --> 00:12:21,010
Id-data u l-ħin huwa diġà stazzjonati
fuq CS50.net f'dak About karta.

243
00:12:21,010 --> 00:12:22,940
U ma let us know inti
xi mistoqsijiet.

244
00:12:22,940 --> 00:12:25,230
Pset8 sadanittant diġà
fil-idejk.

245
00:12:25,230 --> 00:12:29,210
>> U let me biss jindirizzaw wieħed FAQ
biex isalva folks xi stress.

246
00:12:29,210 --> 00:12:32,530
Għall-parti l-kbira ħafna tal-chatter
naraw fil ħinijiet tal-uffiċċju u ħafna ta '

247
00:12:32,530 --> 00:12:36,950
l-bugs naraw rrapportati fuq Iddiskuti huma
tabilħaqq bugs fil-kodiċi ta 'student.

248
00:12:36,950 --> 00:12:41,360
Imma meta inti stajt jiltaqgħu magħhom xi ħaġa
bħall-Dinja Google plug-in jiġġarrfu

249
00:12:41,360 --> 00:12:44,310
jew lanqas taħdem u int
kunfidenti mhuwiex inti, mhuwiex

250
00:12:44,310 --> 00:12:48,530
[? chamad?] kwistjoni, mhuwiex
bug inti introdott fil-

251
00:12:48,530 --> 00:12:49,820
kodiċi ta 'distribuzzjoni.

252
00:12:49,820 --> 00:12:51,250
>> Jirrealizzaw FYI -

253
00:12:51,250 --> 00:12:53,130
dan huwa tip ta 'pjan Z -

254
00:12:53,130 --> 00:12:57,100
li l-aħħar darba aħna użati din il-problema
stabbiliti u aħna dam fis simili

255
00:12:57,100 --> 00:13:01,520
kwistjonijiet, hemm linja tal-kodiċi fil-
service.js li essenzjalment huwa dan,

256
00:13:01,520 --> 00:13:03,580
li tgħid, dawwar bini fuq.

257
00:13:03,580 --> 00:13:07,100
U jaħdmu madwar l-aħħar darba aħna
għamlet dan fi, għal darb'oħra, każijiet kantuniera fejn

258
00:13:07,100 --> 00:13:11,660
istudenti biss ma setgħux jiksbu l-darn
ħaġa għax-xogħol huwa bidla vera li falza

259
00:13:11,660 --> 00:13:12,940
f'dik il-linja waħda tal-kodiċi.

260
00:13:12,940 --> 00:13:15,520
U inti ser issib jekk inti tfittex
permezz service.js.

261
00:13:15,520 --> 00:13:19,990
>> I ma jirrakkomandaw dan għaliex inti se
joħolqu l-pajsaġġ aktar għerja

262
00:13:19,990 --> 00:13:21,720
ta 'Cambridge, Massachusetts.

263
00:13:21,720 --> 00:13:24,930
Dan se litteralment flatten dinja tiegħek
hekk li kull ma għandek tara huma l-tagħlim

264
00:13:24,930 --> 00:13:28,610
fellows u l-assistenti kors fuq
l-orizzont u l-ebda bini.

265
00:13:28,610 --> 00:13:31,980
Iżda tirrealizza għal kwalunkwe raġuni l-
Google Earth plug-in jidher li għadu

266
00:13:31,980 --> 00:13:35,290
Buggy sena wara, sabiex dan
jista 'jkun jonqsu tiegħek jiffrankaw.

267
00:13:35,290 --> 00:13:38,915
Hekk milli jirrikorru għal tiċrit, jirrikorru
għat-tidwir bini off jekk taf

268
00:13:38,915 --> 00:13:41,980
huwa l-plug-in li mhux jikkooperaw
fuq Mac tiegħek jew PC.

269
00:13:41,980 --> 00:13:46,060
Iżda, dan huwa għal darb'oħra l-aħħar għażla jekk
int żgur mhuwiex bug.

270
00:13:46,060 --> 00:13:46,890
>> Allura l-Hackathon.

271
00:13:46,890 --> 00:13:48,950
Koppja ta 'teasers biss
li inti tikseb eċċitati.

272
00:13:48,950 --> 00:13:50,640
Kellna pjuttost RSVPs ftit.

273
00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:54,230
U biss li żebgħa stampa ta 'dak
jistenna, ħsibt I d jagħtuk ftit

274
00:13:54,230 --> 00:13:56,858
sekondi sejħa lura ta 'din xbihat
mill-aħħar sena.

275
00:13:56,858 --> 00:14:00,850
>> [MUSIC]

276
00:14:00,850 --> 00:14:02,240
>> DAVID J. Malan: Stenna, oh.

277
00:14:02,240 --> 00:14:05,410
Aħna anke jkollhom litterali CS50 tagħna shuttles.

278
00:14:05,410 --> 00:14:17,920
>> [MUSIC]

279
00:14:17,920 --> 00:14:20,620
>> DAVID J. Malan: Allura dak hu jistenna
inti f'termini tal-Hackathon.

280
00:14:20,620 --> 00:14:24,180
U dan se jkun opportunità, li
ikunu ċari, li ma tibda finali tiegħek

281
00:14:24,180 --> 00:14:27,730
proġetti iżda sabiex tkompli taħdem fuq
proġetti finali tiegħek flimkien

282
00:14:27,730 --> 00:14:30,210
klassi u l-persunal u l-lottijiet ta 'ikel.

283
00:14:30,210 --> 00:14:34,340
U għal darb'oħra, jekk int imqajjem 05:00
aħna ser tieħu inti fl-triq għall IHOP.

284
00:14:34,340 --> 00:14:37,075
>> Il-fiera CS50, sadanittant, hija l-qofol
għall-klassi intiera fejn

285
00:14:37,075 --> 00:14:41,160
inti ser iġġib laptops tiegħek u l-ħbieb,
forsi anke l-familja għall-kamra fuq il-kampus

286
00:14:41,160 --> 00:14:44,530
fl-triq li juru proġetti tiegħek
fuq laptops, fuq tabelli tall

287
00:14:44,530 --> 00:14:47,570
bħal dan ma 'lottijiet ta' ikel u l-ħbieb
u mużika fl-isfond,

288
00:14:47,570 --> 00:14:49,250
kif ukoll ħbieb tagħna mill-industrija.

289
00:14:49,250 --> 00:14:52,760
Kumpaniji bħal Facebook u Microsoft
u Google u Amazon u għenieqed ta '

290
00:14:52,760 --> 00:14:55,750
oħrajn sabiex jekk ikunu interessati fil biss
smigħ dwar id-dinja reali jew

291
00:14:55,750 --> 00:14:59,570
chat ma 'folks madwar dinja reali
internship jew full opportunitajiet time,

292
00:14:59,570 --> 00:15:01,950
taf li xi wħud mill-ħbieb tagħna
mill-industrija se jkun hemm.

293
00:15:01,950 --> 00:15:04,970
U l-koppja ta 'stampi nistgħu
żebgħa hawn huma kif ġej.

294
00:15:04,970 --> 00:15:24,400
>> [MUSIC]

295
00:15:24,400 --> 00:15:24,920
>> DAVID J. Malan: Kull dritt.

296
00:15:24,920 --> 00:15:27,060
Allura li mbagħad hija l-fiera CS50.

297
00:15:27,060 --> 00:15:31,780
Mela ejja issa jipproċedi li tgħid storja
li verament se inti s-setgħa nisperaw

298
00:15:31,780 --> 00:15:33,230
għal affarijiet bħall-proġetti finali.

299
00:15:33,230 --> 00:15:36,940
Allura wieħed mill-ftit affarijiet ftit li żerriegħa tiegħek
f'moħħu, jew għal proġetti finali

300
00:15:36,940 --> 00:15:40,470
jew eżatt iktar ġenerali għal proġetti li
inti tista 'tiddeċiedi li jindirizzaw wara

301
00:15:40,470 --> 00:15:45,720
il-kors, dawn huma kollha dokumentati
fuq manual.cs50.net fejn il-CS50

302
00:15:45,720 --> 00:15:48,010
manwali fejn għandna lottijiet ta '
tekniki dokumentati.

303
00:15:48,010 --> 00:15:51,080
>> U dan huwa biss notazzjoni shorthand għal
qal li teżisti fil-

304
00:15:51,080 --> 00:15:55,190
affarijiet dinjija imsejħa SMS biex email
gateways, li huwa mod fancy ta '

305
00:15:55,190 --> 00:15:58,180
qal, hemm servers fid-dinja
li jafu kif jistgħu jikkonvertu emails li

306
00:15:58,180 --> 00:15:59,230
messaġġi.

307
00:15:59,230 --> 00:16:02,450
Mela jekk għal proġett finali tiegħek inti tixtieq
biex joħolqu xi tip ta 'themed mobbli

308
00:16:02,450 --> 00:16:06,650
servizz li jippermetti li inti biex twissi ħbieb
jew utenti għal avvenimenti fuq il-kampus

309
00:16:06,650 --> 00:16:10,290
jew dak li jiġi notifikat fil-Sala D
li bil-lejl jew kull karatteristika twissija SIS,

310
00:16:10,290 --> 00:16:15,150
jafu li huwa sempliċi kemm jibagħtu
email kif ma PHPMailer li inti

311
00:16:15,150 --> 00:16:18,735
jista jkunu użaw għall pset7 jew rajna
qosor fil-ġimgħa jew hekk ilu, li

312
00:16:18,735 --> 00:16:20,440
indirizzi bħal dan.

313
00:16:20,440 --> 00:16:26,040
>> U fil-fatt inti tista 'test dan jassumi
ħabib tiegħek għandu SMSs mingħajr limitu

314
00:16:26,040 --> 00:16:28,310
pjan u inti ma tridx
li tgħaddihom $ 0.10.

315
00:16:28,310 --> 00:16:31,920
Imma jekk inti tibgħat email lil ħabib tiegħek
li inti taf li jkollhom Verizon jew

316
00:16:31,920 --> 00:16:35,870
AT & T li jużaw Gmail u biss tibgħatu lill
numru tat-telefon tagħhom fi kwalunkwe il-

317
00:16:35,870 --> 00:16:38,980
sub dominju hemm, tinduna
se jibgħat messaġġ test.

318
00:16:38,980 --> 00:16:41,570
>> Iżda din hija waħda minn dawk l-affarijiet
li tkun attenta ta '.

319
00:16:41,570 --> 00:16:47,430
Jekk inti troll permezz CS50-sena li għaddiet
videos naħseb li kien, a orribbli,

320
00:16:47,430 --> 00:16:51,660
orribbli, bug orribbli I kiteb fil-kodiċi
ended up jintbagħtu madwar 20,000 test

321
00:16:51,660 --> 00:16:55,410
messaġġi ħajjin li tagħna
studenti fil-klassi.

322
00:16:55,410 --> 00:16:57,970
U biss minħabba xi ħadd ndunat li
kienu jkollna test multipli

323
00:16:57,970 --> 00:17:01,860
messaġġi minn lili ma għandi l-
mezzi suffiċjenti biex hit Kontroll C malajr

324
00:17:01,860 --> 00:17:03,210
u stop dak il-proċess.

325
00:17:03,210 --> 00:17:06,200
Kontroll C, inti recall, huwa ħabib tiegħek
f'każijiet ta 'loop infinita.

326
00:17:06,200 --> 00:17:10,900
Allura beware il-poter għadna kemm mogħti
lilek pjuttost irresponsabbli, aktar

327
00:17:10,900 --> 00:17:12,950
probabbli, ibbażata fuq l-esperjenza tiegħi stess.

328
00:17:12,950 --> 00:17:15,400
Imma dak li fuq il-web u għandha
kien hemm għal xi żmien.

329
00:17:15,400 --> 00:17:15,810
>> Kull dritt.

330
00:17:15,810 --> 00:17:17,064
Allura textmarks.com.

331
00:17:17,064 --> 00:17:18,040
Allura dan huwa websajt.

332
00:17:18,040 --> 00:17:20,829
U hemm għenieqed ta 'oħrajn hemmhekk
kif ukoll li konna attwalment użati

333
00:17:20,829 --> 00:17:24,050
bħala klassi għas-snin li jkunu jistgħu
biex jirċievu messaġġi.

334
00:17:24,050 --> 00:17:27,869
Sfortunatament, jibagħtu messaġġi huwa
faċli li tibgħat emails bħal dik.

335
00:17:27,869 --> 00:17:30,730
Jirċievu l-ftit diffiċli, speċjalment
jekk inti tixtieq li jkollhom waħda minn

336
00:17:30,730 --> 00:17:34,610
dawk il-kodiċijiet qosra sexy thats biss
ħames jew sitt ċifri diġitali twal.

337
00:17:34,610 --> 00:17:37,720
>> Allura per eżempju, għal snin inti ħadthom ġiet
tista 'tibgħat messaġġ ta' test - u inti

338
00:17:37,720 --> 00:17:39,200
tista 'tipprova dan ukoll -

339
00:17:39,200 --> 00:17:41,900
għal 41,411.

340
00:17:41,900 --> 00:17:44,300
U dak l-numru tat-telefon għall-
dan istartjar partikolari.

341
00:17:44,300 --> 00:17:48,130
U jekk inti tibgħat messaġġ lil 41,411 -

342
00:17:48,130 --> 00:17:51,190
I ser biss jiktbu up hawn, hekk 41411 -

343
00:17:51,190 --> 00:17:54,290
u mbagħad jibgħathom messaġġ
simili SBOY għall Shuttle Boy.

344
00:17:54,290 --> 00:17:56,370
U mbagħad it-tip fil xi ħaġa
bħal Mather quad.

345
00:17:56,370 --> 00:17:59,360
Allura inti tibgħat messaġġ test li
għal dak in-numru tat-telefon.

346
00:17:59,360 --> 00:18:02,630
Fi ftit sekondi għandek tikseb lura
'risposta mill-Shuttle CS50

347
00:18:02,630 --> 00:18:06,210
Servizz Boy, li hija l-shuttle
software iskedar li aħna kellna out

348
00:18:06,210 --> 00:18:07,290
hemm fuq il-web għal xi żmien.

349
00:18:07,290 --> 00:18:09,450
U ser tirreaġixxi
inti permezz ta 'messaġġ test.

350
00:18:09,450 --> 00:18:13,410
>> Minħabba dak li għamilna bħala klassi, bħala
programmer, huwa li tikteb software,

351
00:18:13,410 --> 00:18:18,760
konfigurati kont liberu tagħna ma 'test
marki li jisimgħu għal messaġġi mibgħuta

352
00:18:18,760 --> 00:18:20,770
li SBOY fil dak in-numru.

353
00:18:20,770 --> 00:18:25,210
U dak li jagħmlu huwa jgħaddu dawk test
messaġġi għall-website PHP bbażati fuq tagħna bħala

354
00:18:25,210 --> 00:18:27,420
Parametri HTTP qal, hawn.

355
00:18:27,420 --> 00:18:30,380
Dan l-utent ma 'dan in-numru tat-telefon
bagħtitlek dan il-messaġġ test.

356
00:18:30,380 --> 00:18:31,850
Tagħmel miegħu dak li trid.

357
00:18:31,850 --> 00:18:35,180
>> Allura aħna kiteb xi softwer li malli
jirċievi string simili SBOY Mather

358
00:18:35,180 --> 00:18:38,420
quad, aħna parse.

359
00:18:38,420 --> 00:18:41,210
Aħna insemmu fejn l-ispazji
huma bejn il-kliem.

360
00:18:41,210 --> 00:18:44,220
U aħna bħala klassi tiddeċiedi
kif tirrispondi għal dan.

361
00:18:44,220 --> 00:18:47,335
U jekk inti tipprova li issa, per eżempju,
għandek tara, permezz risposta f '

362
00:18:47,335 --> 00:18:51,470
ftit sekondi, il-ftit shuttles jmiss se
mill Mather għall-quad jekk ikun hemm.

363
00:18:51,470 --> 00:18:52,260
U hemm waqfiet oħra.

364
00:18:52,260 --> 00:18:56,060
Tista 'tip fil BOYLSTON jew ieħor
waqfiet fuq il-kampus, u dan għandu

365
00:18:56,060 --> 00:18:57,760
jirrikonoxxu dawn il-kliem.

366
00:18:57,760 --> 00:18:58,590
>> Allura parse.com.

367
00:18:58,590 --> 00:19:01,630
Dan huwa servizz ieħor li aħna kont qed
tipponta xi studenti lejn għal

368
00:19:01,630 --> 00:19:04,390
proġetti finali li isbaħ
f'dak huwa b'xejn għal

369
00:19:04,390 --> 00:19:05,660
ammont raġonevoli ta 'użu.

370
00:19:05,660 --> 00:19:08,820
U jekk immur parse.com tkun taf tara
li din hija alternattiva li

371
00:19:08,820 --> 00:19:13,230
attwalment jkollhom xi ħaġa simili
stess database MySQL tiegħek.

372
00:19:13,230 --> 00:19:14,490
U franchement, huwa biss
tip ta 'mesmerizing.

373
00:19:14,490 --> 00:19:17,450
Dan huwa x'hemm ġewwa tal-
sħaba anke fuq ġurnata imdardra.

374
00:19:17,450 --> 00:19:21,580
>> Allura parse.com jippermettilek li tagħmel
mazz ta 'affarijiet interessanti.

375
00:19:21,580 --> 00:19:23,610
U hemm alternattivi oħra
għal dan hemmhekk.

376
00:19:23,610 --> 00:19:26,870
Per eżempju, inti tista 'tużahom
kif database tiegħek aħħar lura.

377
00:19:26,870 --> 00:19:28,980
Allura inti m'għandekx bżonn li jkollhom
a web hosting kumpanija.

378
00:19:28,980 --> 00:19:31,180
Inti ma għandekx bżonn li jkollhom
database MySQL.

379
00:19:31,180 --> 00:19:32,850
Tista 'tuża minflok aħħar lura tagħhom.

380
00:19:32,850 --> 00:19:36,350
>> Jekk int tagħmel proġett mobbli għall-
Android jew IOS jew bħalhom, jafu li

381
00:19:36,350 --> 00:19:39,776
teżisti affarijiet bħal servizzi push
sabiex inti tista timbotta allerti lill-ħbieb tiegħek

382
00:19:39,776 --> 00:19:41,390
jew screens dar tiegħek utenti ".

383
00:19:41,390 --> 00:19:43,600
U allura mazz ta 'ieħor
karatteristiċi kif ukoll.

384
00:19:43,600 --> 00:19:47,200
>> Mela jekk għandek interess, check out dawn
websajts u websajts bħal dawn

385
00:19:47,200 --> 00:19:50,720
għal ftit tara kemm popli oħra "
spallejn inti tista 'toqgħod fuq biex tagħmel

386
00:19:50,720 --> 00:19:53,350
software verament jibred tiegħek stess.

387
00:19:53,350 --> 00:19:56,690
>> Issa f'termini ta 'awtentikazzjoni, l-FAQ,
hija kif taħseb fil-fatt jiggarantixxu

388
00:19:56,690 --> 00:20:01,220
li l-utenti tiegħek huma nies fuq il-kampus,
Studenti Harvard jew tal-fakultà jew staff?

389
00:20:01,220 --> 00:20:05,350
Allura CS50 għandha awtentikazzjoni tagħha stess
servizz li jissejjaħ CS50 ID.

390
00:20:05,350 --> 00:20:09,940
Tmur f'dak URL u inti tista 'tirrestrinġi tiegħek
websajt li ħadd ma 'Harvard

391
00:20:09,940 --> 00:20:11,340
ID, per eżempju.

392
00:20:11,340 --> 00:20:12,550
Allura nafu li nistgħu jimmaniġġaw dan.

393
00:20:12,550 --> 00:20:15,280
You guys m'għandhomx ikunu fil-negozju
ta 'tgħid, x'hemm Harvard ID tiegħek?

394
00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:16,160
X'hemm PIN Harvard tiegħek?

395
00:20:16,160 --> 00:20:17,550
Let me issa tagħmel xi ħaġa magħha.

396
00:20:17,550 --> 00:20:18,740
Aħna ser tagħmel kollha ta 'dak.

397
00:20:18,740 --> 00:20:21,710
U dak li aħna ser jagħtuk lura huwa
isem ta 'xi ħadd u l-indirizz email, imma

398
00:20:21,710 --> 00:20:23,010
mhux xejn sensittivi.

399
00:20:23,010 --> 00:20:26,240

400
00:20:26,240 --> 00:20:30,380
>> App fuq mezz mowbajl, jista 'jkun
magħmula biex jaħdmu fuq apparat mobbli, iżda

401
00:20:30,380 --> 00:20:32,630
huwa pjuttost mhux iddisinjat għal dak.

402
00:20:32,630 --> 00:20:35,640
Allura inti ser jispiċċaw infiq trivjali non
ammont ta 'ħin jagħmel dan.

403
00:20:35,640 --> 00:20:38,040
So I se jiskoraġġixxu
dik ir-rotta għal issa.

404
00:20:38,040 --> 00:20:41,570
Dan huwa verament maħsuba għal
applikazzjonijiet web ibbażat.

405
00:20:41,570 --> 00:20:42,650
>> Allura web hosting.

406
00:20:42,650 --> 00:20:44,450
Hekk jekk inti ma bbenefikawx fuq
homepage il-kors tal -

407
00:20:44,450 --> 00:20:46,610
u hawn fejn aħna ser tibda storja -

408
00:20:46,610 --> 00:20:50,900
web hosting hija kollha dwar il-ħlas għall-
normalment servizz, jospita server proprjetà

409
00:20:50,900 --> 00:20:54,800
minn xi ħadd ieħor fuq il-web li għandha
Indirizz IP, u inti mbagħad titqiegħed tiegħek

410
00:20:54,800 --> 00:20:55,880
website fuqha.

411
00:20:55,880 --> 00:20:58,620
U li normalment jagħtuk email
kontijiet u databases

412
00:20:58,620 --> 00:21:00,160
u fatturi oħra bħal dawn.

413
00:21:00,160 --> 00:21:02,930
>> Kun af li jekk inti ma tridx li attwalment
jħallsu għal tali, tmur f'dak URL

414
00:21:02,930 --> 00:21:06,280
hemm u CS50 attwalment għandha non-profitt
kont li tista 'tuża biex

415
00:21:06,280 --> 00:21:11,490
attwalment ma http://project
ġewwa tal-appliance

416
00:21:11,490 --> 00:21:12,470
għall-proġett finali tiegħek.

417
00:21:12,470 --> 00:21:16,465
Jekk inti fil-fatt tixtieq li tkun xi ħaġa
simili, isawyouharvard.com,

418
00:21:16,465 --> 00:21:19,730
inti tista 'tixtri dak l-isem tad-dominju - għalkemm
mhux li wieħed partikolari - u

419
00:21:19,730 --> 00:21:24,070
allura inti tista 'tmur dwar tospita dan fuq
server web pubbliku bħal nistgħu noffru

420
00:21:24,070 --> 00:21:25,170
inti guys permezz hawnhekk.

421
00:21:25,170 --> 00:21:27,240
>> U fil-fatt jekk mhux familjari,
jekk inti stajt qatt kienet li

422
00:21:27,240 --> 00:21:30,590
isawyouharvard.com, wieħed, jmorru hemm.

423
00:21:30,590 --> 00:21:37,310
Iżda tnejn, jafu li dan kien żgħażagħ
isem mara mill Tej Biex Toor Too tnejn

424
00:21:37,310 --> 00:21:41,550
snin ilu, tliet snin ilu, li kien
CS50 alumni li ġara ġurnata jew tnejn

425
00:21:41,550 --> 00:21:46,280
qabel il-fiera CS50 bagħtet email
mal-lista tagħha postali dar u voila.

426
00:21:46,280 --> 00:21:49,770
Jumejn wara mill-fiera CS50, hija kellha
mijiet ta 'utenti kollha creeping fuq

427
00:21:49,770 --> 00:21:53,240
xulxin fuq il-websajt tagħha u
qal kif dawn kienu raw

428
00:21:53,240 --> 00:21:55,250
tagħha jew lilu fuq il-kampus.

429
00:21:55,250 --> 00:21:57,600
Allura li wieħed mill favorit CS50 tal
stejjer ta 'suċċess minn

430
00:21:57,600 --> 00:21:59,650
a finali proġett CS50.

431
00:21:59,650 --> 00:22:04,090
>> Allura kif do you go dwar it-tqegħid ta 'websajt
bħal dik fuq l-internet?

432
00:22:04,090 --> 00:22:07,140
Ukoll, hemm ftit bħal
ingredjenti hawn.

433
00:22:07,140 --> 00:22:09,310
Allura wieħed, ikollok biex jixtru isem ta 'dominju.

434
00:22:09,310 --> 00:22:12,440
Hemm għenieqed ta 'postijiet fil-
id-dinja minn fejn inti tista '

435
00:22:12,440 --> 00:22:13,940
jixtru isem ta 'dominju.

436
00:22:13,940 --> 00:22:16,660
U per eżempju, wieħed li nirrakkomandaw
biss għaliex dan huwa popolari

437
00:22:16,660 --> 00:22:18,855
u huwa irħis huwa msejjaħ
namecheap.com.

438
00:22:18,855 --> 00:22:22,860
Iżda int tista 'tmur godaddy.com u
għexieren ta 'oħrajn hemmhekk.

439
00:22:22,860 --> 00:22:24,420
Tista 'taqra fuq reviżjonijiet.

440
00:22:24,420 --> 00:22:26,250
>> Iżda għall-parti l-kbira dan ma
kwistjoni mingħand min int

441
00:22:26,250 --> 00:22:27,720
jixtru isem ta 'dominju.

442
00:22:27,720 --> 00:22:30,780
U huma jvarjaw fil-prezz u
dawn ivarjaw fl suffiss.

443
00:22:30,780 --> 00:22:37,140
Is-suffissi bħal. Com,. Nett,
. Org,. IO,. Tv, dawk

444
00:22:37,140 --> 00:22:38,650
attwalment jvarjaw fil-prezz.

445
00:22:38,650 --> 00:22:43,630
Imma jekk ridna li tagħmel xi ħaġa simili
cats.com nistgħu mmorru għal din il-websajt,

446
00:22:43,630 --> 00:22:44,280
ikklikkja Search.

447
00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:46,370
Preżumibbilment tittieħed dan wieħed.

448
00:22:46,370 --> 00:22:50,170
Imma apparentement, catsagainst.com
huwa disponibbli.

449
00:22:50,170 --> 00:22:52,100
pluscats.com hija disponibbli.

450
00:22:52,100 --> 00:22:53,780
Lovecats, catscorner, dampcats.net.

451
00:22:53,780 --> 00:22:56,320

452
00:22:56,320 --> 00:22:59,135
Kollha ta 'dan nisperaw psewdo
saltwarjament iġġenerat.

453
00:22:59,135 --> 00:23:04,670
Jekk inti tixtieq cats.pw, $ 1500 biss,
li huwa daqsxejn insane.

454
00:23:04,670 --> 00:23:08,100
Allura xi ħadd verament maħtuf kollha
l-ismijiet ta 'dominju tal-qtates relatati hawn għal

455
00:23:08,100 --> 00:23:09,840
prezzijiet li jvarjaw.

456
00:23:09,840 --> 00:23:12,360
>> Bħala twarrib, ejja ara.

457
00:23:12,360 --> 00:23:13,710
Min għandu cats.com?

458
00:23:13,710 --> 00:23:16,290
Kun af li inti guys jkollhom mill-
għad-dispożizzjoni tiegħek pjuttost

459
00:23:16,290 --> 00:23:17,540
jikkmanda sofistikati issa.

460
00:23:17,540 --> 00:23:20,592
Like I tista tip litteralment
min hu cats.com?

461
00:23:20,592 --> 00:23:23,730
U minħabba l-mod l-internet huwa
strutturat inti tista 'attwalment tara li

462
00:23:23,730 --> 00:23:25,440
rreġistrat dan.

463
00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:30,240
Apparentement din il-persuna [inaudible]
użu ta 'servizz prokura.

464
00:23:30,240 --> 00:23:33,900
Sabiex min jippossjedi cats.com ma tridx
id-dinja tkun taf min huma.

465
00:23:33,900 --> 00:23:36,610
Allura dawn ħadthom reġistrata jekk permezz
xi servizz privatezza każwali.

466
00:23:36,610 --> 00:23:39,100
Imma kultant inti fil-fatt
jiksbu sidien attwali.

467
00:23:39,100 --> 00:23:41,420
>> U dan huwa li jgħidu, speċjalment jekk int
jwettaq xi istartjar u int

468
00:23:41,420 --> 00:23:44,640
verament tixtieq xi isem ta 'dominju u int
lesti li jħallsu xi ħadd ieħor għal

469
00:23:44,640 --> 00:23:48,050
dan, inti tista 'figura kuntatt
informazzjoni b'dan il-mod.

470
00:23:48,050 --> 00:23:49,940
>> Iżda wkoll interessanti hija din.

471
00:23:49,940 --> 00:23:53,380
Let me iscroll sa dan il-porzjon.

472
00:23:53,380 --> 00:23:55,330
Allura dan huwa dak l-istess output.

473
00:23:55,330 --> 00:23:56,990
U dan huwa biss tacky.

474
00:23:56,990 --> 00:24:00,740
Allura apparentement cats.com jista 'jkun
tiegħek għall-prezz dritt.

475
00:24:00,740 --> 00:24:03,170
Imma x'hemm interessanti hawn
hija li l-servers ta 'ismijiet -

476
00:24:03,170 --> 00:24:06,040
dan huwa abbuż total ta 'dak l-isem
server suppost li tkun - l-isem tiegħek

477
00:24:06,040 --> 00:24:08,876
server huwa mhux suppost ikunu
thisdomainforsale.com.

478
00:24:08,876 --> 00:24:11,050
Jekk aħna effettivament jagħżlu xi ħaġa simili -

479
00:24:11,050 --> 00:24:15,181
ejja jagħżlu xi ftit aktar
leġittimu bħal, li huwa google.com,

480
00:24:15,181 --> 00:24:17,030
u iscroll up here.

481
00:24:17,030 --> 00:24:18,280
So here -

482
00:24:18,280 --> 00:24:20,600

483
00:24:20,600 --> 00:24:21,740
x'ġara hemmhekk?

484
00:24:21,740 --> 00:24:22,480
Interessanti.

485
00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:25,290
Lil hinn min hu -

486
00:24:25,290 --> 00:24:26,610
ejja jżommha ewlenin aktar baxxi.

487
00:24:26,610 --> 00:24:28,370
>> Min hu mit.edu?

488
00:24:28,370 --> 00:24:28,810
OK.

489
00:24:28,810 --> 00:24:29,900
Dan huwa utli.

490
00:24:29,900 --> 00:24:31,400
Allura dan huwa dak I kien jittama għal.

491
00:24:31,400 --> 00:24:33,930
Użu leġittimu tas-servizz DNS.

492
00:24:33,930 --> 00:24:36,750
Servers ta 'ismijiet hawn jindikaw
dan li ġej.

493
00:24:36,750 --> 00:24:40,880
Dan huwa mod ta 'tgħid MIT, kull meta
xi ħadd fid-dinja, kull fejn

494
00:24:40,880 --> 00:24:46,950
huma, tipi fil mit.edu u hits Daħħal,
laptop tiegħek, kemm jekk Mac jew PC, se

495
00:24:46,950 --> 00:24:51,830
b'xi eventwalment insemmu li l-
nies fid-dinja li jafu dak li l-

496
00:24:51,830 --> 00:24:58,130
Indirizz IP huwa għal mit.edu jew kwalunkwe mill-
sub domains fil mit.edu jew kwalunkwe ta '

497
00:24:58,130 --> 00:25:01,660
dawn is-servers hawn - u fil-fatt
Dehra infrastruttura mits huwa

498
00:25:01,660 --> 00:25:03,370
pretty robusti kif tista 'tistenna.

499
00:25:03,370 --> 00:25:07,050
Huma għandhom servers ismijiet multipli
li hija tajba għall redundancy.

500
00:25:07,050 --> 00:25:09,840
U fil-fatt, jidher li dawn huma globalment
mqassma madwar id-dinja.

501
00:25:09,840 --> 00:25:13,250
A mazz ta 'dawk jidhru li huma fl-Istati Uniti,
koppja fl-Asja, wieħed fl-Ewropa, tnejn

502
00:25:13,250 --> 00:25:14,540
fl x'imkien ieħor.

503
00:25:14,540 --> 00:25:18,000
>> Iżda l-punt hawnhekk huwa li DNS li
aħna kont qed tieħu għall mogħtija u

504
00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:21,990
ġeneralment deskritti bħala mejda Excel big
li għandha indirizzi IP u dominju

505
00:25:21,990 --> 00:25:25,890
ismijiet huwa attwalment pjuttost sofistikati
servizz ġerarkiku sabiex fil-

506
00:25:25,890 --> 00:25:29,170
dinja hemm attwalment numru finit
ta 'servers li essenzjalment jafu fejn

507
00:25:29,170 --> 00:25:32,880
kollha tal-. coms huma jew kollha
l. xbieki huma, kollha tal-

508
00:25:32,880 --> 00:25:34,650
. Orgs huma, u oħrajn.

509
00:25:34,650 --> 00:25:37,820
>> Allura meta inti tmur quddiem u jixtru dominju
Isem minn post bħal Isem Cheap jew

510
00:25:37,820 --> 00:25:41,450
Mur Daddy jew kwalunkwe websajt oħra, wieħed ta '
il-passi ewlenin li inti ser ikollok tagħmel

511
00:25:41,450 --> 00:25:45,180
inti, jekk inti tagħmel dan anki għal finali tiegħek
proġett, hu li tgħid ir-reġistratur

512
00:25:45,180 --> 00:25:49,020
minn min inti qed jixtru l-dominju
isem, li fid-dinja jaf tiegħek

513
00:25:49,020 --> 00:25:52,310
indirizzi IP websajt tal, li
servers isem tiegħek huma.

514
00:25:52,310 --> 00:25:55,750
>> Mela jekk inti tuża, per eżempju CS50 tal
hosting kont - aħna jiġri li jkollhom

515
00:25:55,750 --> 00:25:57,760
dan il-kont permezz dreamhost.com
li huwa

516
00:25:57,760 --> 00:25:59,560
popolari web hosting kumpanija -

517
00:25:59,560 --> 00:26:03,530
dawn se jgħidlek li għandek jixtru
dominju tiegħek u għid-dinja li

518
00:26:03,530 --> 00:26:09,410
server isem tad-dominju tiegħek hija
ns1.dreamhost.com, ns2.dreamhost.com,

519
00:26:09,410 --> 00:26:11,470
u ns3.dreamhost.com.

520
00:26:11,470 --> 00:26:12,600
>> Imma thats it.

521
00:26:12,600 --> 00:26:15,480
Buying isem ta 'dominju ifisser jagħtihom
il-flus u jkollna sjieda tal-

522
00:26:15,480 --> 00:26:17,190
dominju, iżda huwa aktar simili
kiri għalkemm.

523
00:26:17,190 --> 00:26:20,060
Inti ġġibu għal sena u allura dawn bill
inti recurringly għall-bqija tal-

524
00:26:20,060 --> 00:26:22,130
ħajja tiegħek sakemm inti tikkanċella
l-isem tad-dominju.

525
00:26:22,130 --> 00:26:24,510
U allura inti jgħidulhom li
l-servers ta 'ismijiet huma.

526
00:26:24,510 --> 00:26:26,190
Iżda mbagħad inti qed isir ma '
reġistratur tiegħek.

527
00:26:26,190 --> 00:26:30,130
U minn hemm inti ser jinteraġixxu biss ma
web hosting kumpanija tiegħek, li

528
00:26:30,130 --> 00:26:32,030
fil-każ CS50 se jkun DreamHost.

529
00:26:32,030 --> 00:26:36,080
Iżda għal darb'oħra, aktar dokumentazzjoni se jkun
provduti lilek jekk inti tiddeċiedi li jmorru

530
00:26:36,080 --> 00:26:37,170
dik ir-rotta.

531
00:26:37,170 --> 00:26:40,750
>> Mela jekk inti tagħmel dan wara l-kors tal-
aħħar, sempliċement googling web hosting

532
00:26:40,750 --> 00:26:42,830
kumpanija ser idur up eluf
ta 'għażliet.

533
00:26:42,830 --> 00:26:45,720
U nixtieq ġeneralment ninkoraġġukom biex
titlob lill-ħbieb li jistgħu jkunu użaw

534
00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:49,350
kumpanija qabel jekk huma jirrakkomandaw
minnhom u kellhom esperjenza tajba.

535
00:26:49,350 --> 00:26:52,680
>> Għaliex hemm ħafna ta 'fly bil-lejl
web hosting kumpaniji, bħal Guy fl

536
00:26:52,680 --> 00:26:55,220
kantina tiegħu ma 'server
li għandha l-indirizz IP.

537
00:26:55,220 --> 00:26:58,980
Huwa għandu xi RAM żejda u hard disk
ispazju u biss tbiegħ web hosting

538
00:26:58,980 --> 00:27:02,380
kontijiet anke jekk m'hemm l-ebda mod li
server tista 'timmaniġġja mijiet ta'

539
00:27:02,380 --> 00:27:04,050
utenti jew eluf ta 'utenti.

540
00:27:04,050 --> 00:27:06,260
Allura tirrealizza inti se tikseb
dak li inti tħallas għall.

541
00:27:06,260 --> 00:27:09,510
>> Għal pjuttost filwaqt li għall-dar personali tiegħi
paġna - u dan kien totalment aċċettabbli

542
00:27:09,510 --> 00:27:11,830
minħabba I kien, bħal, tnejn
viżitaturi fix-xahar -

543
00:27:11,830 --> 00:27:14,990
I kien tħallas, bħal, $ 2.95 fix-xahar.

544
00:27:14,990 --> 00:27:17,230
U jien pretty żgur kien
fil-kantina ta 'xi ħadd.

545
00:27:17,230 --> 00:27:20,800
Iżda għal darb'oħra, inti ma tieħux bilfors
kwalunkwe garanziji ta 'uptime jew

546
00:27:20,800 --> 00:27:21,840
iskalabbiltà.

547
00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:24,560
Għalhekk għal darb'oħra, int tipikament tfittex
fuq xi ħaġa aktar minn dak.

548
00:27:24,560 --> 00:27:26,220
>> Ukoll, dak dwar SSL?

549
00:27:26,220 --> 00:27:27,690
Allura x'hemm SSL jintuża?

550
00:27:27,690 --> 00:27:30,320
Ejja issa jibdew imexxu fil-
direzzjonijiet ta 'sigurtà u affarijiet li

551
00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:32,330
jistgħu jagħmlu ħsara lilna.

552
00:27:32,330 --> 00:27:36,890
Speċjalment kif inti venture
fuq tiegħek.

553
00:27:36,890 --> 00:27:41,650
>> X'hemm SSL, jew x'hemm SSL jintuża?

554
00:27:41,650 --> 00:27:42,660
Sigurtà, OK.

555
00:27:42,660 --> 00:27:44,000
Allura huwa użat għas-sigurtà.

556
00:27:44,000 --> 00:27:44,640
X'ifisser dan?

557
00:27:44,640 --> 00:27:47,170
Għalhekk stands għall Secure Socket Layer.

558
00:27:47,170 --> 00:27:52,330
U huwa indikat minn URL
li tibda bi https:/.

559
00:27:52,330 --> 00:27:58,410
Ħafna minna probabbilment qatt ittajpjat
https:/, iżda inti ser spiss isibu li

560
00:27:58,410 --> 00:28:03,000
browser tiegħek huwa dirottati mill HTTP
HTTPS sabiex kollox ikun hemm

561
00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:04,260
wara encrypted.

562
00:28:04,260 --> 00:28:10,810
>> FYI, bl-użu SSL teħtieġ tipikament li
għandek indirizz IP uniku.

563
00:28:10,810 --> 00:28:13,940
U tipikament tikseb l-indirizz IP uniku
inti għandek bżonn tħallas web hosting

564
00:28:13,940 --> 00:28:15,850
kumpanija ftit dollari aktar fix-xahar.

565
00:28:15,850 --> 00:28:19,850
Allura jirrealizzaw dan huwa faċilment
implimentati dawn il-jiem billi jixtru IP

566
00:28:19,850 --> 00:28:22,930
indirizz u permezz ta 'xiri x'hemm
imsejjaħ 'ċertifikat SSL.

567
00:28:22,930 --> 00:28:26,520
Iżda jirrealizzaw li ma ġejjin
f'xi spiża addizzjonali.

568
00:28:26,520 --> 00:28:30,880
U, kif aħna ser nippruvaw biża fi ftit
bit, huwa lanqas neċessarjament 100%

569
00:28:30,880 --> 00:28:34,040
protettiv ta 'kwalunkwe huwa
inti qed tipprova tipproteġi.

570
00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:38,620
>> Allura għas-sigurtà, I d ħsibt I d
do tip ta 'segue każwali hawn.

571
00:28:38,620 --> 00:28:42,820
Kif taf inti tista mis lecture CS50 tal
videos, tim tal-produzzjoni tagħna kien

572
00:28:42,820 --> 00:28:46,770
fan bħala I jkollhom ta 'teħid tassew sbieħ
fotografija tal-kampus, u mill-ajru

573
00:28:46,770 --> 00:28:48,370
fotografija aktar reċentement.

574
00:28:48,370 --> 00:28:51,450
Jekk inti qatt tfittex up u tara
xi ħaġa li jtajru bil-kamera ftit,

575
00:28:51,450 --> 00:28:53,410
jista 'effettivament ikun CS50.

576
00:28:53,410 --> 00:28:55,830
U I maħsub biss I d jaqsmu minuta ta '
xi wħud mill-footage it-tim għandu

577
00:28:55,830 --> 00:28:59,450
miġbura, partikolarment fir inħarsu biex
-semestru rebbiegħa u jaqgħu li jmiss.

578
00:28:59,450 --> 00:29:03,320
Jekk kwalunkwe inti għandek knack għall
fotografija, videography, nixtiequ

579
00:29:03,320 --> 00:29:05,570
imħabba li inti tikseb involut
wara l-kwinti.

580
00:29:05,570 --> 00:29:07,595
Iżda aktar fuq dawk id-dettalji fil-ġimgħa.

581
00:29:07,595 --> 00:29:18,560
>> [MUSIC]

582
00:29:18,560 --> 00:29:20,750
>> DAVID J. Malan: Jinstabx hemm
korsa tal-golf minjatura fuq il-quċċata ta '

583
00:29:20,750 --> 00:29:22,754
l-istadium li aħna qatt ma kien jaf dwar.

584
00:29:22,754 --> 00:30:06,150
>> [MUSIC]

585
00:30:06,150 --> 00:30:08,440
>> DAVID J. Malan: Tista 'tara l-
kontorn tal-drone hemmhekk.

586
00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:24,160
>> [MUSIC]

587
00:30:24,160 --> 00:30:26,280
>> DAVID J. Malan: L-aqwa parti hawn
huwa, tara l-jogger fuq ix-xellug.

588
00:30:26,280 --> 00:30:52,900
>> [MUSIC]

589
00:30:52,900 --> 00:30:56,920
>> DAVID J. Malan: Eżempju ieħor ta 'dak
inti tista 'tagħmel ma' teknoloġija li l-

590
00:30:56,920 --> 00:30:58,900
biss tanġenzjalment, franchement,
relatati mas-sigurtà.

591
00:30:58,900 --> 00:31:01,710
Imma ħsibt li tkun aktar
mod divertenti ta 'biss qal, sigurtà.

592
00:31:01,710 --> 00:31:07,780
Mela ejja ara jekk ma nkunux nistgħu biża inti guys
issa ma mhux biss daqsxejn ta 'ftit

593
00:31:07,780 --> 00:31:10,590
theddid, iżda wkoll sottostanti
fehim ta 'liema dawn it-theddidiet

594
00:31:10,590 --> 00:31:13,830
huma tant li timxi 'l quddiem tista'
jiddeċiedu kif u jekk jiddefendu

595
00:31:13,830 --> 00:31:17,290
yourself kontra dawn l-affarijiet u fuq
inqas li tkun konxja minnhom kif inti

596
00:31:17,290 --> 00:31:20,530
jagħmlu deċiżjonijiet dwar jekk jew le
jibgħat dik email, jekk jew le li log

597
00:31:20,530 --> 00:31:24,920
f'dak website, jekk jew le li
użu li Wi-Fi aċċess cyber kafetterija

598
00:31:24,920 --> 00:31:28,210
punt sabiex tkun taf dak li l-
theddid huma tabilħaqq madwarek.

599
00:31:28,210 --> 00:31:30,990
>> Allura Jonathan imsemmi xi ħaġa
bħal dan nhar it-Tnejn.

600
00:31:30,990 --> 00:31:32,220
Huwa kellu xi sparatura screen tieqa.

601
00:31:32,220 --> 00:31:33,630
Dan huwa wieħed ta 'Mac.

602
00:31:33,630 --> 00:31:36,850
Kemm inti qatt installati
software fuq Mac tiegħek jew PC?

603
00:31:36,850 --> 00:31:38,420
Ovvjament kulħadd.

604
00:31:38,420 --> 00:31:41,590
Kemm inti taw ħafna ħsieb
l-ittajpjar fl password tiegħek

605
00:31:41,590 --> 00:31:43,030
meta imqanqla?

606
00:31:43,030 --> 00:31:44,740
I mean, anki I ma, franchement.

607
00:31:44,740 --> 00:31:48,730
Allura ftit minna huma tajbin
fil jkunu paranojde.

608
00:31:48,730 --> 00:31:50,490
Iżda jikkunsidraw dak li int
fil-fatt tagħmel hawn.

609
00:31:50,490 --> 00:31:53,280
>> Fuq Mac jew PC tipiċi għandek
kont amministratur.

610
00:31:53,280 --> 00:31:56,450
U tipikament int l-unika waħda li jużaw
a laptop inqas dawn il-jiem.

611
00:31:56,450 --> 00:31:59,780
Allura kont tiegħek, Malan jew JHarvard
jew kwalunkwe huwa, huwa l-

612
00:31:59,780 --> 00:32:00,830
kont amministratur.

613
00:32:00,830 --> 00:32:03,530
U dak li tfisser hija li inti
għerq aċċess għall-kompjuter tiegħek.

614
00:32:03,530 --> 00:32:06,180
Inti tista 'tinstalla xi ħaġa li trid,
tħassar xejn trid.

615
00:32:06,180 --> 00:32:10,800
>> U tipikament dawn il-jiem, minħabba
deċiżjonijiet tad-disinn datata minn snin ilu,

616
00:32:10,800 --> 00:32:14,560
l-aktar mod software gets installat
huwa bħala amministratur.

617
00:32:14,560 --> 00:32:18,180
U anki jekk Mac tiegħek jew PC jkollha talanqas
gotten intelliġenti biżżejjed fuq l-

618
00:32:18,180 --> 00:32:22,010
snin ma 'l-aħħar incarnations ta
Mac OS u Windows għal ma jmorrux tiegħek

619
00:32:22,010 --> 00:32:26,130
username awtomatika bħala l-
amministratur, meta inti tniżżel xi

620
00:32:26,130 --> 00:32:29,160
programm ġdid off-internet u jippruvaw
jinstallaw dan, int probabbilment se

621
00:32:29,160 --> 00:32:30,880
li tkun imħeġġa għal password tiegħek.

622
00:32:30,880 --> 00:32:34,790
Iżda l-qabda tkun f'dak il-punt, int
litteralment għoti-ċwievet ta 'tiegħek

623
00:32:34,790 --> 00:32:38,620
kompjuter fuq għal dak kollu każwali
programm inti biss jitniżżel u

624
00:32:38,620 --> 00:32:41,590
jippermettu li jinstallaw
tkun xi tkun trid.

625
00:32:41,590 --> 00:32:45,050
>> U kif Jonathan allużjoni għal, tirrealizza
li jista 'jgħid li trid

626
00:32:45,050 --> 00:32:49,350
tinstalla software tiegħek li inti kura
dwar, Spotify jew iTunes jew kwalunkwe

627
00:32:49,350 --> 00:32:50,900
huwa inti qed tipprova jinstallaw.

628
00:32:50,900 --> 00:32:54,710
Imma int litteralment fidu l-awtur
jew awturi tas-softwer biex

629
00:32:54,710 --> 00:32:57,570
biss tagħmel dak il-programm
suppost tagħmel.

630
00:32:57,570 --> 00:33:02,320
>> Iżda m'hemm assolutament xejn
waqfien programmi l-aktar fuq l-aktar

631
00:33:02,320 --> 00:33:06,910
sistemi joperaw minn tħassar files,
minn uploading għal xi kumpanija tal

632
00:33:06,910 --> 00:33:10,040
website, mill-trejjix madwar,
għall encrypting affarijiet.

633
00:33:10,040 --> 00:33:12,970
U għal darb'oħra, konna tip ta 'mibnija
infrastruttura sħiħa fuq

634
00:33:12,970 --> 00:33:14,930
is-snin fuq il-fiduċja.

635
00:33:14,930 --> 00:33:18,690
U hekk tirrealizza li inti stajt biss ġew
fidu nies bl-addoċċ u bl-addoċċ

636
00:33:18,690 --> 00:33:20,050
kumpaniji għall-aktar parti.

637
00:33:20,050 --> 00:33:24,860
>> U Jonathan allużjoni għall wisq, xi kultant
dawk il-kumpaniji nfushom huma tip ta '

638
00:33:24,860 --> 00:33:26,410
xjentement malizzjużi, id-dritt?

639
00:33:26,410 --> 00:33:30,200
Sony maqbuda ħafna ta 'flack ftit snin
ilu għall-installazzjoni dak li kien jissejjaħ

640
00:33:30,200 --> 00:33:33,220
kit rootkit fuq il-kompjuters tan-nies
mingħajr l-għarfien tagħhom.

641
00:33:33,220 --> 00:33:36,570
U l-gist ta 'dan kien li meta inti
xtraw CD per eżempju li huma

642
00:33:36,570 --> 00:33:40,050
ma riedx li inti tkun kapaċi li kopja jew
RIP il-mużika off ta ', l-CD kieku

643
00:33:40,050 --> 00:33:42,600
jinstallaw, mingħajr ma jkunu jafu tiegħek,
rootkit fuq il-kompjuter tiegħek.

644
00:33:42,600 --> 00:33:46,020
Rootkit jfisser biss software li timxi
bħala amministratur li potenzjalment

645
00:33:46,020 --> 00:33:47,260
ma affarijiet ħżiena.

646
00:33:47,260 --> 00:33:50,780
>> Imma fost l-affarijiet dan il-ħaġa
ma ma kien hid innifsu.

647
00:33:50,780 --> 00:33:53,660
Allura xi wħud minnkom jista 'jkun pjuttost sofistikati
mal-kompjuter tiegħek u jafu, ukoll, I

648
00:33:53,660 --> 00:33:57,310
tista 'biss tiftaħ il-Manager Task jew il-
Monitor Attività u I tista 'tfittex fil-livelli kollha

649
00:33:57,310 --> 00:33:59,150
tal-programmi msemmija arcanely
li huma running.

650
00:33:59,150 --> 00:34:01,760
U jekk xejn jistenna suspettużi
I ser biss joqtlu jew iħassarha.

651
00:34:01,760 --> 00:34:02,980
Imma dak hu l-rootkit għamlet.

652
00:34:02,980 --> 00:34:07,070
Huwa qal essenzjalment, jekk running Task
Manager, ma jurux yourself.

653
00:34:07,070 --> 00:34:08,500
>> Allura l-software kien hemm.

654
00:34:08,500 --> 00:34:12,710
U biss jekk int verament, verament ħares
hard inti tista 'anki ssib.

655
00:34:12,710 --> 00:34:15,670
U dan sar fl-isem
ta 'protezzjoni kopja.

656
00:34:15,670 --> 00:34:18,230
Iżda biss jimmaġina liema jista
ġew magħmula mod ieħor.

657
00:34:18,230 --> 00:34:19,699
>> Issa f'termini ta 'tipproteġi lilek innifsek.

658
00:34:19,699 --> 00:34:22,190
A lott ta 'websajts huma wonderfully
gracious fis-sens li jpoġġu dawn

659
00:34:22,190 --> 00:34:26,480
ikoni katnazz fuq il-homepage tagħhom li
ifisser li l-websajt hija sigura.

660
00:34:26,480 --> 00:34:28,870
Dan huwa mill bankofamerica.com
dalgħodu.

661
00:34:28,870 --> 00:34:32,239
Allura dak li ma icon katnazz ftit
hemm jfissirx li jmiss għall-Sign In buttuna?

662
00:34:32,239 --> 00:34:35,699

663
00:34:35,699 --> 00:34:36,790
>> Assolutament xejn.

664
00:34:36,790 --> 00:34:39,560
Dan ifisser xi ħadd jaf kif jużah
Photoshop biex jagħmlu stampa ta '

665
00:34:39,560 --> 00:34:40,590
icon katnazz.

666
00:34:40,590 --> 00:34:44,449
Bħal pjuttost litteralment, il-fatt li huwa
hemm huwa maħsub li jkun pożittiv

667
00:34:44,449 --> 00:34:46,880
sinjal lill-utent simili,
ooh, websajt sigura.

668
00:34:46,880 --> 00:34:50,449
I għandu fiduċja din il-websajt u issa
tip username tiegħi u password.

669
00:34:50,449 --> 00:34:53,870
U dan kien konvenzjonali għal
snin, sa ftit ilu daqs dalgħodu.

670
00:34:53,870 --> 00:34:56,949
>> Iżda jikkunsidraw l-drawwiet li
dan huwa jkollna lilna fis.

671
00:34:56,949 --> 00:35:00,600
Ikkunsidra l-messaġġ impliċitu li kollha
ta 'dawn il-banek f'dan il-każ kienu

672
00:35:00,600 --> 00:35:01,830
jibgħat magħna għal ħafna snin.

673
00:35:01,830 --> 00:35:05,160
Jekk tara katnazz, allura tassigura.

674
00:35:05,160 --> 00:35:05,340
Kull dritt?

675
00:35:05,340 --> 00:35:10,520
>> Allura kif tista 'tisfrutta b'mod abbużiv din is-sistema
ta 'fiduċja jekk int l-Guy ħażina?

676
00:35:10,520 --> 00:35:14,100
Poġġi katnazz fuq il-websajt tiegħek, u
loġikament, l-utenti kienu

677
00:35:14,100 --> 00:35:17,260
kundizzjonati għas-snin li tassumi
katnazz mezzi siguri.

678
00:35:17,260 --> 00:35:19,310
U għandu mnejn attwalment tkun sigura.

679
00:35:19,310 --> 00:35:24,810
Inti jista 'jkollhom wonderfully sigura
SSL konnessjoni HTTPS għal

680
00:35:24,810 --> 00:35:26,452
website foloz. com.

681
00:35:26,452 --> 00:35:30,150
U l-ebda wieħed inkella fid-dinja tista 'tara
li int ser idejn lilu jew lilha

682
00:35:30,150 --> 00:35:32,790
username u password
għall-kont tiegħek.

683
00:35:32,790 --> 00:35:35,110
>> Dan għalkemm, forsi, huwa
ftit aktar rassikuranti.

684
00:35:35,110 --> 00:35:38,600
Allura dan huwa skrin shot mill-aqwa
tal-browser tiegħi dalgħodu

685
00:35:38,600 --> 00:35:39,910
bankofamerica.com.

686
00:35:39,910 --> 00:35:43,270
U avviż hawn wisq we
jkollu ikona katnazz.

687
00:35:43,270 --> 00:35:48,040
Xi jfisser f'dan il-kuntest
fil Chrome inqas?

688
00:35:48,040 --> 00:35:49,520
>> Allura dan issa qiegħda tuża SSL.

689
00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:51,220
Allura dan huwa attwalment ħaġa aħjar.

690
00:35:51,220 --> 00:35:54,250
U l-fatt li Chrome qed tagħmilha
aħdar huwa maħsub biex tiġbed l-attenzjoni tagħna

691
00:35:54,250 --> 00:35:56,750
l-fatt li dan huwa
mhux biss fuq SSL.

692
00:35:56,750 --> 00:36:01,400
Din hija kumpanija li xi ħadd
hemm vverifikat huwa attwalment

693
00:36:01,400 --> 00:36:02,520
bankofamerica.com.

694
00:36:02,520 --> 00:36:05,970
U dan ifisser li l-Bank tal-Amerika,
meta jixtru hekk imsejħa SSL tagħhom

695
00:36:05,970 --> 00:36:09,680
ċertifikat, każwali essenzjalment big,
numri kemmxejn każwali li jimplimentaw

696
00:36:09,680 --> 00:36:14,710
sigurtà għalihom, huma kienu
ivverifikat minn xi terza indipendenti

697
00:36:14,710 --> 00:36:15,570
parti li jgħid, yep.

698
00:36:15,570 --> 00:36:19,240
Dan huwa effettivament il-CEO tal-Bank of
Amerika jippruvaw jixtru iċ-ċertifikat.

699
00:36:19,240 --> 00:36:23,290
Chrome għalhekk se fiduċja li
awtorità ta 'ċertifikazzjoni u jgħidu fil

700
00:36:23,290 --> 00:36:25,265
aħdar, dan huwa bankofamerica.com.

701
00:36:25,265 --> 00:36:27,997
U Bank of America jħallas biss ftit
mijiet ta 'dollari għal dik jew ftit

702
00:36:27,997 --> 00:36:30,800
elf bħala kuntrarju għal
ftit għexieren ta 'dollari.

703
00:36:30,800 --> 00:36:34,940
>> Iżda hawnhekk ukoll, kemm għandek qatt
ruħu b'mod differenti minħabba

704
00:36:34,940 --> 00:36:38,576
il-URL fil-browser tiegħek hija
aħdar minflok iswed?

705
00:36:38,576 --> 00:36:39,900
Dritt?

706
00:36:39,900 --> 00:36:40,600
Allura ftit minna.

707
00:36:40,600 --> 00:36:42,115
U li tajjeb li jkun paranojde.

708
00:36:42,115 --> 00:36:45,910
Iżda anke dakinhar, dawk minnkom li anki
avviż dawn l-affarijiet, do inti fil-fatt

709
00:36:45,910 --> 00:36:50,720
tieqaf qtugħ fi bqija żgura
website jekk il-URL mhuwiex ħadra?

710
00:36:50,720 --> 00:36:53,380
Kull dritt, hekk probabbilment le, id-dritt?

711
00:36:53,380 --> 00:36:56,740
Mill-inqas ħafna minna, jekk mhuwiex aħdar,
aktar probabbli int biss ser

712
00:36:56,740 --> 00:36:57,440
li jkun simili, tkun xi tkun.

713
00:36:57,440 --> 00:36:58,950
Bħal, nixtieq li log fis dan is-sit.

714
00:36:58,950 --> 00:37:00,200
C'est pourquoi jien hawn.

715
00:37:00,200 --> 00:37:02,390
Jien ser log fil xorta.

716
00:37:02,390 --> 00:37:04,500
>> Bħala twarrib, Chrome huwa ftit
aħjar dwar dan.

717
00:37:04,500 --> 00:37:07,990
Iżda hemm ħafna ta 'browsers simili
Firefox per eżempju, għall-inqas għal

718
00:37:07,990 --> 00:37:12,190
xi żmien, fejn dik ikona katnazz
huwa, inti tista 'attwalment jagħmlu l-ebda

719
00:37:12,190 --> 00:37:13,250
ikona tal tiegħek.

720
00:37:13,250 --> 00:37:17,480
Let me ara dak l-aħħar verżjoni
ta 'Firefox Dehra.

721
00:37:17,480 --> 00:37:20,040
Hekk jekk immorru CS50.net.

722
00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:21,580
>> OK, hekk li ħadthom gotten aħjar kif ukoll.

723
00:37:21,580 --> 00:37:24,970
Dak li l-browsers użati biex tagħmel huwa simili,
hawnhekk per eżempju [? SAAs huwa?]

724
00:37:24,970 --> 00:37:25,790
crest up here.

725
00:37:25,790 --> 00:37:29,240
Dik hija l-favoriti hekk imsejħa
icon għal websajt.

726
00:37:29,240 --> 00:37:30,190
Snin ilu -

727
00:37:30,190 --> 00:37:34,720
attwalment mhux dak twil ilu - li ftit
tarka kien ikun id-dritt

728
00:37:34,720 --> 00:37:36,560
hawn jmiss għall-URL.

729
00:37:36,560 --> 00:37:40,300
Minħabba li xi wħud ġenju iddeċieda li
se biss ħarsa pretty classy li jkollhom

730
00:37:40,300 --> 00:37:43,150
dritt tiegħek logo grafiku
jmiss URL tiegħek.

731
00:37:43,150 --> 00:37:45,310
U d-disinn għaqli, li attwalment
huwa pjuttost konvinċenti.

732
00:37:45,310 --> 00:37:47,240
>> Allura dak li ma bidu Guy ħażina tagħmel?

733
00:37:47,240 --> 00:37:50,500
Huma bdew jinbidlu favoriti tagħhom
ikoni, jew icon default tagħhom għal

734
00:37:50,500 --> 00:37:55,250
homepage tkun mhux ħotba
iżda katnazz, li kellu

735
00:37:55,250 --> 00:37:56,600
assolutament l-ebda tifsira.

736
00:37:56,600 --> 00:37:59,760
Minbarra icon favoriti tagħhom
kien katnazz hija ma kellha ebda

737
00:37:59,760 --> 00:38:01,250
indikazzjonijiet ta 'sigurtà.

738
00:38:01,250 --> 00:38:04,040
>> Allura l-lezzjonijiet hawn huma
koppja I think.

739
00:38:04,040 --> 00:38:07,820
Waħda hija li hemm attwalment xi
mekkaniżmi sew intenzjonijiet għall

740
00:38:07,820 --> 00:38:12,850
tagħlim us-utenti dwar is-sigurtà anke
jekk inti lanqas ma kienu konxji aħdar

741
00:38:12,850 --> 00:38:15,110
fisser jew dak saħansitra HTTPS fisser.

742
00:38:15,110 --> 00:38:19,130
Iżda jekk dawk il-mekkaniżmi tikseb lilna fis
l-drawwa ħażina ta 'websajts fidu

743
00:38:19,130 --> 00:38:23,390
meta naraw dawk is-sinjali pożittivi,
dawn qed faċilment abbużati kif rajna

744
00:38:23,390 --> 00:38:26,480
ftit mument ilu ma 'xi ħaġa
iblah bħal dan.

745
00:38:26,480 --> 00:38:29,100
>> Allura sessjoni ħtif tidħol fis
play, kif għidna qabel,

746
00:38:29,100 --> 00:38:30,510
ma cookies per eżempju.

747
00:38:30,510 --> 00:38:32,130
U dak ma dan fil-fatt jfisser?

748
00:38:32,130 --> 00:38:35,930
Ukoll mas-sessjoni ħtif din hija kollha
dwar serqet cookies xi ħadd.

749
00:38:35,930 --> 00:38:39,860
Mela jekk jien jiftħu Chrome hawn, għal
eżempju, u I jiftħu l-Ispettur

750
00:38:39,860 --> 00:38:41,550
stabbiliti hawn u mmur
l-Tab Network -

751
00:38:41,550 --> 00:38:42,830
u aħna ghamilt dan qabel -

752
00:38:42,830 --> 00:38:48,900
u mmur xi ħaġa simili
http://facebook.com jidħlu, kollu kemm hu

753
00:38:48,900 --> 00:38:52,280
mazz ta 'għalf tmur madwar l-iskrin
għaliex ta 'l-immaġni u CSS u

754
00:38:52,280 --> 00:38:53,490
JavaScript fajls.

755
00:38:53,490 --> 00:38:59,420
>> Imma jekk jien tħares lejn dan wieħed hawn avviż
li Facebook huwa tassew wieħed tħawwil

756
00:38:59,420 --> 00:39:02,310
jew aktar cookies fuq tiegħi
browser dritt hawn.

757
00:39:02,310 --> 00:39:05,610
Allura dawn huma essenzjalment l-idejn
timbri li jirrappreżentaw me.

758
00:39:05,610 --> 00:39:08,580
U issa nisperaw browser tiegħi se
tippreżenta din darb'oħra u għal darb'oħra meta

759
00:39:08,580 --> 00:39:10,560
reivedut din il-websajt.

760
00:39:10,560 --> 00:39:15,810
Iżda dan biss huwa sikur, għidna
koppja ġimgħat ilu, jekk inti qed tuża SSL.

761
00:39:15,810 --> 00:39:18,860
>> Iżda anke SSL innifsu jista
jkunu kompromessi.

762
00:39:18,860 --> 00:39:21,800
Ikkunsidra wara kollox il-mod kif jaħdem SSL.

763
00:39:21,800 --> 00:39:28,860
Meta browser tiegħek jgħaqqad għal remote
server permezz https:/, storja twila fil-qosor,

764
00:39:28,860 --> 00:39:30,110
kriptografija hija involuta.

765
00:39:30,110 --> 00:39:34,750
Huwa mhux bħala sempliċi kemm Caesar jew
Visionaire jew saħansitra DES, DES minn

766
00:39:34,750 --> 00:39:36,110
filwaqt li lura fl pset2.

767
00:39:36,110 --> 00:39:37,410
Huwa aktar sofistikata minn dik.

768
00:39:37,410 --> 00:39:39,110
Huwa sejjaħ kriptografija ċavetta pubblika.

769
00:39:39,110 --> 00:39:42,845
Imma verament kbir u verament każwali
numri huma użati biex ġirja

770
00:39:42,845 --> 00:39:47,125
informazzjoni bejn il-punt A, inti,
u l-punt B, bħal facebook.com.

771
00:39:47,125 --> 00:39:52,570
>> Iżda l-problema hija, kemm minna darb'oħra
qatt tip https:/ biex tibda

772
00:39:52,570 --> 00:39:55,790
konnessjoni websajt tagħna
f'dak modalità sikur?

773
00:39:55,790 --> 00:40:00,900
I mean, kemm inti anki
tip http://facebook.com?

774
00:40:00,900 --> 00:40:02,290
Kull dritt, jekk inti, tixtieq, bonjour.

775
00:40:02,290 --> 00:40:03,510
Inti ma għandekx bżonn li tagħmel dan
aktar, id-dritt?

776
00:40:03,510 --> 00:40:05,190
Il-browser se figura hija out.

777
00:40:05,190 --> 00:40:08,070
>> Iżda ħafna minna do tabilħaqq
biss it-tip facebook.com.

778
00:40:08,070 --> 00:40:10,960
Għaliex jekk aħna qed tuża browser, l-
browsers gotten intelliġenti biżżejjed mill

779
00:40:10,960 --> 00:40:14,920
2013 biex jassumi li kieku inti qed tuża
browser, inti tip indirizz, inti

780
00:40:14,920 --> 00:40:18,550
probabilment jridu li jkollhom aċċess għaliha ma
via email jew messaġġ instant.

781
00:40:18,550 --> 00:40:21,250
You tfisser HTTP u Port 80.

782
00:40:21,250 --> 00:40:22,970
Dawk il-konvenzjonijiet ġew adottati.

783
00:40:22,970 --> 00:40:24,830
>> Imma kif jaħdem ridirezzjoni?

784
00:40:24,830 --> 00:40:26,170
Ukoll, avviż x'jiġri hawn.

785
00:40:26,170 --> 00:40:27,590
Jekk immur lura għall Chrome -

786
00:40:27,590 --> 00:40:31,920
u ejja jagħmlu dan incognito
modalità hekk li kollha tal tiegħi

787
00:40:31,920 --> 00:40:33,620
cookies huma tintrema.

788
00:40:33,620 --> 00:40:38,130
U let me go hawn biex,
għal darb'oħra, facebook.com.

789
00:40:38,130 --> 00:40:39,490
U ejja naraw x'jiġri.

790
00:40:39,490 --> 00:40:43,372
>> Ifakkar li l-ewwel talba kienet
tabilħaqq biss għall facebook.com.

791
00:40:43,372 --> 00:40:46,580
Imma dak li kien ir-rispons li sibt?

792
00:40:46,580 --> 00:40:48,520
Ma kienx ta '200 OK.

793
00:40:48,520 --> 00:40:53,550
Kien 300, jew 301, li huwa
idawwru me javżak biex tmur

794
00:40:53,550 --> 00:40:59,050
http://www.facebook.com, li hija
fejn Facebook trid lili biex tmur.

795
00:40:59,050 --> 00:41:01,900
Iżda mbagħad jekk inħarsu lejn it-talba li jmiss,
u Rajna dan qabel,

796
00:41:01,900 --> 00:41:04,370
avviż liema tieni risposta tagħhom.

797
00:41:04,370 --> 00:41:10,280
Speċifikament li trid lili issa biex
mur għall-verżjoni SSL ta 'Facebook.

798
00:41:10,280 --> 00:41:11,800
>> Allura hawnhekk hija opportunità.

799
00:41:11,800 --> 00:41:15,440
Din hija karatteristika utli wonderfully
ta 'ftit il-web u HTTP.

800
00:41:15,440 --> 00:41:19,570
Jekk l-utent aħħari bħal Facebook trid lili
biex jibqgħu fuq il-verżjoni sigur ta 'tagħhom

801
00:41:19,570 --> 00:41:20,850
website, kbir.

802
00:41:20,850 --> 00:41:23,130
Huma ser jagħtu direzzjoni ġdida me għall myself.

803
00:41:23,130 --> 00:41:25,250
U so I ma jkollhom saħansitra
jaħsbu dwar dan.

804
00:41:25,250 --> 00:41:29,200
>> Imma x'jiġri jekk bejn punt A u B,
bejnek u Facebook, hemm xi

805
00:41:29,200 --> 00:41:32,220
Guy ħażina, hemm xi sistema
amministratur fil-Harvard li l kurjużi

806
00:41:32,220 --> 00:41:34,240
biex tara li l-ħbieb tiegħek huma.

807
00:41:34,240 --> 00:41:36,760
Jew hemm xi -

808
00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:38,340
snin ilu, dan użati għall-ħoss crazy -

809
00:41:38,340 --> 00:41:41,950
imma hemm xi entità tal-gvern bħal
l-NSA li fil-fatt interessati

810
00:41:41,950 --> 00:41:44,390
fil li int poking fuq Facebook.

811
00:41:44,390 --> 00:41:45,910
Fejn hi l-opportunità hemmhekk?

812
00:41:45,910 --> 00:41:49,305
Well, sakemm xi ħadd ikollu biżżejjed
tekniċi sofistikati u jkollhom aċċess

813
00:41:49,305 --> 00:41:53,350
għan-netwerk attwali tiegħek fuq Wi-Fi
jew xi wire fiżiku,

814
00:41:53,350 --> 00:41:54,570
dak li jista 'jagħmlu?

815
00:41:54,570 --> 00:41:57,520
>> Ukoll, jekk dawn qed fuq l-istess netwerk kif
inti u jkunu jafu xi ħaġa dwar

816
00:41:57,520 --> 00:42:02,050
TCP / IP DNS indirizzi u u IP u kif
kollha li x-xogħlijiet, jekk dak

817
00:42:02,050 --> 00:42:05,970
bniedem fin-nofs, jekk dak Nazzjonali
Aġenzija tas-Sigurtà, tkun xi

818
00:42:05,970 --> 00:42:11,480
jista 'jkun, imma dak jekk dik l-entità sempliċiment
twieġeb iktar malajr minn Facebook biex

819
00:42:11,480 --> 00:42:15,820
talba HTTP tiegħek u jgħid,
oh, I am Facebook.

820
00:42:15,820 --> 00:42:19,300
Jimxi 'l quddiem, u hawn l-
HTML għall facebook.com.

821
00:42:19,300 --> 00:42:20,720
>> Kompjuters li huma pretty darn fast.

822
00:42:20,720 --> 00:42:25,990
Allura inti tista 'tikteb programm jimxi fuq
server bħal nsa.gov li meta

823
00:42:25,990 --> 00:42:29,790
jisma talba mill inti għal
facebook.com, malajr ħafna wara l-

824
00:42:29,790 --> 00:42:34,000
xeni gets-għemil facebook.com reali
perfettament [? esque?] sigura

825
00:42:34,000 --> 00:42:38,290
Konnessjoni SSL bejn NSA u bejn
Facebook, jkollna HTML ħafna

826
00:42:38,290 --> 00:42:42,670
sikur għall-paġna login, u mbagħad
l-server NSA biss twieġeb lilek

827
00:42:42,670 --> 00:42:44,942
ma 'paġna login għal facebook.com.

828
00:42:44,942 --> 00:42:49,120
>> Issa kemm inti anki l-avviż
li inti qed tuża Facebook fuq HTTP

829
00:42:49,120 --> 00:42:53,375
xorta f'dak il-punt għaliex inti ħadthom
aċċidentalment konness ma nsa.gov u

830
00:42:53,375 --> 00:42:53,870
ma Facebook?

831
00:42:53,870 --> 00:42:54,980
Il-URLs li ma nbidilx.

832
00:42:54,980 --> 00:42:57,040
Kollha ta 'dan qed isir
wara l-kwinti.

833
00:42:57,040 --> 00:42:59,470
Iżda ħafna minna, myself inklużi,
probabbilment ma avviż

834
00:42:59,470 --> 00:43:00,800
tali dettall minuri.

835
00:43:00,800 --> 00:43:05,510
>> Allura inti jista 'jkollok perfettament operabbli
konnessjoni bejn inti u dak li

836
00:43:05,510 --> 00:43:08,660
taħseb hija Facebook, iżda hemm
bniedem fin-nofs-hekk imsejħa.

837
00:43:08,660 --> 00:43:12,480
U dan huwa terminu ġenerali għall-bniedem fil-
l-attakk nofs fejn ikollok xi

838
00:43:12,480 --> 00:43:17,670
entità bejnek u l-punt B li jinsab
b'xi manipulazzjoni, serqet, jew

839
00:43:17,670 --> 00:43:18,960
jaraw id-data tiegħek.

840
00:43:18,960 --> 00:43:22,750
Għalhekk anki SSL mhix surefire, speċjalment
jekk inti kont qed tricked fis

841
00:43:22,750 --> 00:43:26,790
ma ddawwar fuq minħabba kif dawn
mekkaniżmi sottostanti attwalment jaħdmu.

842
00:43:26,790 --> 00:43:30,670
>> Allura lezzjoni llum wisq allura hija jekk inti
verament tixtieq li tkun paranojde -

843
00:43:30,670 --> 00:43:32,110
u anke hawn hemm theddid -

844
00:43:32,110 --> 00:43:37,112
inti għandek verament jibda jkollna fis
l-vizzju ta 'ittajpjar fl https://www

845
00:43:37,112 --> 00:43:39,850
kwalunkwe isem tad-dominju inti
attwalment jimpurtahom.

846
00:43:39,850 --> 00:43:41,820
>> U bħala aside wisq hemm
għadhom theddida oħra ma

847
00:43:41,820 --> 00:43:43,410
fir-rigward sessjoni ħtif.

848
00:43:43,410 --> 00:43:47,440
Ħafna drabi meta inti l-ewwel żjara ta '
websajt bħal facebook.com, sakemm il-

849
00:43:47,440 --> 00:43:51,050
server ġie kkonfigurat biex ngħid li
li timbru idejn li tefa 'fuq inti

850
00:43:51,050 --> 00:43:56,140
bieraħ għandhom jiżguraw nnifisha, tiegħek
browser tista 'tajjeb ħafna', fuq

851
00:43:56,140 --> 00:44:00,620
affarijiet li jżuru bħal facebook.com
google.com, twitter.com, browser tiegħek

852
00:44:00,620 --> 00:44:04,280
jista 'jkun tippreżenta li timbru idejn biss
li jiġu slapped isfel u qal, l-ebda.

853
00:44:04,280 --> 00:44:05,660
Użu SSL.

854
00:44:05,660 --> 00:44:07,030
>> Iżda huwa tard wisq f'dak il-punt.

855
00:44:07,030 --> 00:44:10,940
Jekk inti diġà mibgħuta naħa tiegħek
timbru, cookie tiegħek, fil-ċar ma '

856
00:44:10,940 --> 00:44:15,180
ebda SSL, inti għandek qasma tat-tieni
vulnerabbiltà fejn xi ħadd xamm

857
00:44:15,180 --> 00:44:19,530
traffiku tiegħek, jekk roommate jew NSA,
jistgħu mbagħad jużaw l-istess cookie, u

858
00:44:19,530 --> 00:44:23,860
bi ftit ta 'sofistikati tekniċi,
tippreżentah bħala tiegħu jew tagħha stess.

859
00:44:23,860 --> 00:44:25,930
>> Attakk ieħor inti tista '
ma ħsibt dwar.

860
00:44:25,930 --> 00:44:30,120
Dan huwa wieħed verament fuqek jekk inti screw
dan up bil-miktub xi websajt li

861
00:44:30,120 --> 00:44:31,580
b'xi użi SQL.

862
00:44:31,580 --> 00:44:34,610
Allura hawnhekk, per eżempju, huwa skrin
shot ta login Harvard.

863
00:44:34,610 --> 00:44:36,380
U dan huwa eżempju ġenerali
ta 'xi ħaġa ma'

864
00:44:36,380 --> 00:44:37,480
username u password.

865
00:44:37,480 --> 00:44:38,440
Super komuni.

866
00:44:38,440 --> 00:44:41,310
Mela ejja nassumu li SSL jeżisti u
hemm l-ebda bniedem fin-nofs jew

867
00:44:41,310 --> 00:44:41,920
xi ħaġa bħal dik.

868
00:44:41,920 --> 00:44:45,660
Issa aħna qed jiffokaw fuq li l-server
kodiċi li inti tista 'tikteb.

869
00:44:45,660 --> 00:44:49,830
>> Well, meta I tip fil username u
password, ejja ngħidu li s-servizz PIN

870
00:44:49,830 --> 00:44:51,740
hija implimentata fil-PHP.

871
00:44:51,740 --> 00:44:53,990
U inti jista 'jkollok xi kodiċi
fuq dak server bħal dan.

872
00:44:53,990 --> 00:44:57,740
Niżżel l-isem l-utent mill-super post
globali u jiksbu l-password, u mbagħad

873
00:44:57,740 --> 00:45:01,130
jekk dawn qed jużaw xi pset7 bħal
kodiċi hemm funzjoni query

874
00:45:01,130 --> 00:45:01,820
li tista 'tagħmel dan.

875
00:45:01,820 --> 00:45:06,320
Agħżel Star mill-utenti fejn username
daqs dik u password huwa egwali għal dak.

876
00:45:06,320 --> 00:45:08,120
>> Li jistenna, fl-ewwel daqqa t'għajn,
totalment raġonevoli.

877
00:45:08,120 --> 00:45:11,090
Dan huwa sintattikament kodiċi PHP valida.

878
00:45:11,090 --> 00:45:13,160
Loġikament hemm xejn
ħażin ma 'dan.

879
00:45:13,160 --> 00:45:15,710
Preżumibbilment hemm xi linji aktar li
fil-fatt jagħmlu xi ħaġa ma 'l-

880
00:45:15,710 --> 00:45:18,150
riżultat li taqa 'lura
mid-database.

881
00:45:18,150 --> 00:45:20,580
Iżda dan huwa vulnerabbli għal
-raġuni li ġejja.

882
00:45:20,580 --> 00:45:23,760
>> Avviż li, bħal ċittadin tajba,
I poġġew fil-kwotazzjonijiet, single

883
00:45:23,760 --> 00:45:25,380
kwotazzjonijiet, l-isem utent.

884
00:45:25,380 --> 00:45:26,980
U nressaq fil kwotazzjonijiet uniku
l-password.

885
00:45:26,980 --> 00:45:28,830
U li l-ħaġa tajba għaliex qed
mhux suppost ikunu numri.

886
00:45:28,830 --> 00:45:30,660
Tipikament dawn qed tmur biex tkun test.

887
00:45:30,660 --> 00:45:32,290
Hekk jien jikkwota minnhom bħal kordi.

888
00:45:32,290 --> 00:45:37,470
>> U jekk I issa tavvanza aktar dak jekk -
u stajt jitneħħa l-balal mill-

889
00:45:37,470 --> 00:45:38,870
PIN servizz temporanju -

890
00:45:38,870 --> 00:45:41,650
jekk dak I jippruvaw log fl bħala
President [? Scroob?]

891
00:45:41,650 --> 00:45:52,540
imma I jsostnu li password tiegħi huwa
12345 "JEW '1 '= '1, u avviż

892
00:45:52,540 --> 00:45:53,830
dak I m'għamlux.

893
00:45:53,830 --> 00:45:56,140
I ma tagħlaq l-oħra
kwotazzjoni waħda.

894
00:45:56,140 --> 00:45:58,500
Għaliex jien pretty qawwija
hawnhekk bħala l-Guy ħażina.

895
00:45:58,500 --> 00:46:01,870
U jien jekk wieħed jassumi li qed int
ma tantx tajba mal tiegħek

896
00:46:01,870 --> 00:46:03,450
PHP u MySQL kodiċi.

897
00:46:03,450 --> 00:46:06,740
Jien guessing li int ma iċċekkjar
għall-preżenza tal-kwotazzjonijiet.

898
00:46:06,740 --> 00:46:11,190
>> Allura dak li ġara biss huwa li meta tiegħek
utent ikun ittajpjat f'dak string,

899
00:46:11,190 --> 00:46:15,060
il-mistoqsija int ser
joħolqu tidher bħal dan.

900
00:46:15,060 --> 00:46:18,180
U l-istorja twila fil-qosor, jekk inti u
xi ħaġa flimkien jew inti jew xi ħaġa

901
00:46:18,180 --> 00:46:21,740
flimkien dan se jirritorna
ringiela mid-database.

902
00:46:21,740 --> 00:46:26,570
Minħabba li huwa dejjem l-
każ li 1 huwa ugwali għal 1.

903
00:46:26,570 --> 00:46:30,400
>> U biss għaliex inti ma tantiċipa
li l-utenti tiegħek, tajba jew ħżiena, jista

904
00:46:30,400 --> 00:46:35,340
jkollhom apostrophe fl-isem tagħhom inti
ħolqu mistoqsija SQL li għadu

905
00:46:35,340 --> 00:46:39,040
valida, u se terġa 'lura issa aktar riżultati
milli jista 'jkollok maħsub.

906
00:46:39,040 --> 00:46:42,340
U hekk dan Guy bad issa għandha potenzjalment
illoggjat għal server tiegħek

907
00:46:42,340 --> 00:46:47,060
minħabba database tiegħek huwa jirritorna fila
anke jekk hu jew hi għandha l-ebda idea dak li

908
00:46:47,060 --> 00:46:49,410
[? ?] Password attwali Scroob huwa.

909
00:46:49,410 --> 00:46:50,640
>> Oh, I realizzati typo hawn.

910
00:46:50,640 --> 00:46:53,260
I għandu stajt qal password ugwali
12345 bħall-preċedenti

911
00:46:53,260 --> 00:46:54,990
Eżempju jew 1 huwa ugwali għal 1.

912
00:46:54,990 --> 00:46:56,400
I ser jiffissaw dak online.

913
00:46:56,400 --> 00:46:59,960
>> Allura għaliex ma għandna inti tuża l-mistoqsija
funzjoni ma trade marks in kwistjoni?

914
00:46:59,960 --> 00:47:04,000
Waħda mill-affarijiet l-funzjoni query
ma ghalik huwa li tiżgura li

915
00:47:04,000 --> 00:47:07,660
meta inti tgħaddi fl-argumenti wara l-
virgoli hawn bħal din li l-mistoqsija

916
00:47:07,660 --> 00:47:10,330
Li l-fatt mibgħuta lill-
database tidher bħal dan.

917
00:47:10,330 --> 00:47:13,830
A lott uglier li tħares lejn, iżda lura
slashes ġew awtomatikament

918
00:47:13,830 --> 00:47:19,030
inserit sabiex jevitaw preċiżament li
attakk injezzjoni li I wera

919
00:47:19,030 --> 00:47:20,270
mument ilu.

920
00:47:20,270 --> 00:47:24,930
>> Issa gost XKCD li ħsibt I d pull
up hawnhekk li nisperaw issa għandu jkun

921
00:47:24,930 --> 00:47:28,546
ftit tinftiehem aktar
huwa dan wieħed hawn.

922
00:47:28,546 --> 00:47:39,460

923
00:47:39,460 --> 00:47:40,265
>> A ftit?

924
00:47:40,265 --> 00:47:42,370
Forsi għandna bżonn ftit aktar
diskussjoni dwar dan.

925
00:47:42,370 --> 00:47:47,810
Allura dan huwa jalludi għal kid ftit
jismu Bobby li b'xi mod ħa

926
00:47:47,810 --> 00:47:52,250
vantaġġ ta 'websajt li huwa biss
fidu li dak l-utent ikun ittajpjat

927
00:47:52,250 --> 00:47:55,100
fil mhuwiex, fil-fatt, il-kodiċi SQL,
iżda huwa fil-fatt string.

928
00:47:55,100 --> 00:47:56,830
>> Issa inti tista 'tfakkar li drop -

929
00:47:56,830 --> 00:48:00,190
inti tista raw dan - mezzi qatra
tħassar tabella, tħassar database.

930
00:48:00,190 --> 00:48:02,235
Mela jekk inti jsostnu illi
ismek huwa Robert "; droptabl

931
00:48:02,235 --> 00:48:03,485
estudentsomething,]

932
00:48:03,485 --> 00:48:06,340

933
00:48:06,340 --> 00:48:09,370
inti tista 'tajjeb ħafna trick-database
mhux biss fis-iċċekkjar li int

934
00:48:09,370 --> 00:48:13,530
tabilħaqq Robert, iżda wkoll semicolon
jipproċedi li tinżel l-tabella.

935
00:48:13,530 --> 00:48:17,560
>> U hekk attakki injezzjoni SQL jistgħu
attwalment tkun theddida għax dan

936
00:48:17,560 --> 00:48:20,740
fejn inti tista 'tħassar data ta' xi ħadd,
inti tista 'tagħżel aktar minn datas

937
00:48:20,740 --> 00:48:23,440
maħsuba, inti tista 'daħħal
jew jaġġornaw id-dejta.

938
00:48:23,440 --> 00:48:26,520
U inti tista 'attwalment tara dan dwarhom fis
eżerċizzju dar, mhux għall malizzjużi

939
00:48:26,520 --> 00:48:29,730
skopijiet iżda biss għall istruzzjoni,
huwa kwalunkwe ħin int imħeġġa biex log

940
00:48:29,730 --> 00:48:35,180
fis-website, speċjalment xi tip ta '
ħafna pubbliku, website mhux popolari ħafna,

941
00:48:35,180 --> 00:48:38,630
jippruvaw qtugħ fl bħala John O'Reilly
jew xi ħadd bl-

942
00:48:38,630 --> 00:48:39,740
apostrophe fl-isem tagħhom.

943
00:48:39,740 --> 00:48:42,990
Jew litteralment biss tip apostrophe,
hit Ikteb, u tara x'jiġri.

944
00:48:42,990 --> 00:48:47,990
>> U ħafna drabi traġikament, in-nies
ma sanitizzati inputs tagħhom u

945
00:48:47,990 --> 00:48:51,690
għamel żgur li l-affarijiet bħall-kwotazzjonijiet
jew semicolons huma maħruba.

946
00:48:51,690 --> 00:48:54,430
Liema huwa għaliex pset7 nagħtu
inti din il-funzjoni query.

947
00:48:54,430 --> 00:48:59,510
Imma ma jifhmu eżattament taħt
dak li qed tagħmel għalik.

948
00:48:59,510 --> 00:49:01,800
>> Allura ma 'dak imsemmi, igawdu jużaw
il-web din il-ġimgħa.

949
00:49:01,800 --> 00:49:04,660
U aħna se tara inti nhar it-Tnejn.

950
00:49:04,660 --> 00:49:06,180
>> Fl-CD50 jmiss.

951
00:49:06,180 --> 00:49:18,614
>> [MUSIC]