1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:11,210 >> [Halisi kucheza] 2 00:00:11,210 --> 00:00:14,640 >> SPIKA 1: zote haki, kuwakaribisha nyuma na CS50. 3 00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:18,190 Hii ni mwisho wa wiki nane, na karibu Halloween. 4 00:00:18,190 --> 00:00:22,460 Ofisi kesho usiku masaa itakuwa ndio scariest bado, na si kwa sababu 5 00:00:22,460 --> 00:00:23,460 ya Halloween. 6 00:00:23,460 --> 00:00:28,600 >> Lakini kumbuka kwamba, je, kutambua kwamba tatizo kuweka sita, kuangalia Spell 7 00:00:28,600 --> 00:00:32,340 kuweka tatizo, ni maarufu kwa kuwa, kwa ajili ya wengi wanafunzi, changamoto kubwa, 8 00:00:32,340 --> 00:00:36,010 hakika miongoni mwa tatizo C seti, na kwa kweli, kwa ujumla. 9 00:00:36,010 --> 00:00:39,250 Na mimi kutaja hii tu kwa sababu hii ni wiki ambapo mengi ya watu kupata 10 00:00:39,250 --> 00:00:42,840 hasa alisisitiza na kujaribu tu kupata damn Spell kusahihisha kazi. 11 00:00:42,840 --> 00:00:45,640 Na jambo moja napenda moyo ni kwamba, kama utaona leo, na 12 00:00:45,640 --> 00:00:49,670 Jumatatu, tunaanza hit hii kilele wiki hii ambapo, sasa, mambo kuwa 13 00:00:49,670 --> 00:00:52,370 kidogo zaidi ya ukoo, zaidi kidogo kupatikana, kama sisi mpito kutoka 14 00:00:52,370 --> 00:00:56,120 amri line mazingira katika C na mtandao msingi mazingira katika PHP. 15 00:00:56,120 --> 00:00:59,805 >> Na hivyo ningependa moyo, hata kama wewe ni kweli mwishoni yaani yako katika 16 00:00:59,805 --> 00:01:02,785 kujaribu kupata seti p kufanya kazi, ikiwa hiyo ni kweli uko katika nafasi, au 17 00:01:02,785 --> 00:01:05,770 mwenyewe kupata katika, kufanya kujaribu madarakani kwa njia hiyo. 18 00:01:05,770 --> 00:01:08,280 Kwa sababu mimi nadhani wewe utakuwa kabisa radhi, na kabisa kujivunia wewe mwenyewe, 19 00:01:08,280 --> 00:01:12,300 kama kweli kuishia kuwa sehemu ya Bila shaka, sehemu C, juu ya kuwa juu, 20 00:01:12,300 --> 00:01:13,310 kama yanayokusumbua, kumbuka. 21 00:01:13,310 --> 00:01:14,120 Hivyo si kwamba kuwatisheni. 22 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:18,010 Hiyo tu maana ya moyo kukaa hadi kwamba saa ya ziada ili 23 00:01:18,010 --> 00:01:19,820 kupata Spell kuangalia kazi. 24 00:01:19,820 --> 00:01:22,730 >> Na kama wewe, kutambua kwamba hii ni ya hiari, kabisa. 25 00:01:22,730 --> 00:01:25,720 Lakini tuna kinachojulikana kubwa bodi kwamba alikwenda kuishi asubuhi hii. 26 00:01:25,720 --> 00:01:29,950 Kama ya asubuhi hii, mimi nilikuwa atop kubwa bodi, ambayo ni kipimo cha jinsi 27 00:01:29,950 --> 00:01:34,450 kiasi RAM na kiasi gani mbio wakati mpango wako Speller inahitaji. 28 00:01:34,450 --> 00:01:35,890 Lakini nimepata tangu wameyakimbia makazi yao. 29 00:01:35,890 --> 00:01:37,910 Mimi nina sasa idadi unlucky 13. 30 00:01:37,910 --> 00:01:41,460 Na nini utaona hapa ni, Daudi Kaufman, na Lauren, na Adam, na 31 00:01:41,460 --> 00:01:44,130 Yasoni, na wengine ni sasa atop bodi kubwa. 32 00:01:44,130 --> 00:01:47,480 >> Kama ukiangalia zaidi ya hapo katika haki, sisi sote tuna mzuri 33 00:01:47,480 --> 00:01:49,890 utekelezaji wa kawaida angalau - 34 00:01:49,890 --> 00:01:51,640 kurudi idadi ya maneno katika kamusi. 35 00:01:51,640 --> 00:01:54,690 Na katika kila moja ya nguzo hizi, itabidi kuona ni kiasi gani kila mmoja wetu RAM 36 00:01:54,690 --> 00:01:58,370 utekelezaji ni kutumia, ni kiasi gani mbio wakati ni kuchukua kutekeleza 37 00:01:58,370 --> 00:02:01,450 mzigo, dhidi ya hundi, dhidi ya ukubwa na kupakua, na kisha, 38 00:02:01,450 --> 00:02:02,490 taarifa mbio wakati. 39 00:02:02,490 --> 00:02:05,990 Hivyo tu kuwahakikishia Elmer, na Patrick, na Linda, na mtu mwingine 40 00:02:05,990 --> 00:02:09,210 ambaye anakuja baada yenu, kuna kabisa hakuna aibu katika kuwa na kuelekea 41 00:02:09,210 --> 00:02:10,590 chini ya bodi kubwa. 42 00:02:10,590 --> 00:02:13,950 Kama kitu, kwamba maana got kazi, na ni sahihi, lakini ni 43 00:02:13,950 --> 00:02:18,480 si lazima kama ufanisi, nafasi au wakati-busara, kama inaweza kuwa. 44 00:02:18,480 --> 00:02:19,430 >> Hivyo, kabisa hiari. 45 00:02:19,430 --> 00:02:22,630 Lakini maana ya kuwa karoti ya aina hivyo kwamba wakati wewe ni kazi ya p yako 46 00:02:22,630 --> 00:02:25,960 kuweka, wewe ni hivyo fahari ya wewe mwenyewe, got ni kazi, wewe baada ya kubwa 47 00:02:25,960 --> 00:02:28,920 bodi, nimepata idadi nzuri kwa kweli, kwenda kwa chakula cha jioni, unaweza kuja 48 00:02:28,920 --> 00:02:31,810 nyuma, na roommates yako ina kuwili wewe nje ya bodi kubwa. 49 00:02:31,810 --> 00:02:34,910 Naam, ni wakati, katika hatua hiyo, kwenda nyuma ya bodi ya kuchora ili 50 00:02:34,910 --> 00:02:36,160 re-changamoto bodi kubwa. 51 00:02:36,160 --> 00:02:39,330 Kama ukiangalia spec, maelekezo kwa interfacing na 52 00:02:39,330 --> 00:02:41,480 bodi kubwa sasa ni posted. 53 00:02:41,480 --> 00:02:44,870 >> Hivyo michache ya ups vichwa - 54 00:02:44,870 --> 00:02:48,410 moja, kabla ya pendekezo kwa ajili ya fainali mradi huu ni kutokana Jumatatu ijayo. 55 00:02:48,410 --> 00:02:51,060 Kuona hii spec juu ya kozi tovuti kwa ajili ya nini maana. 56 00:02:51,060 --> 00:02:54,450 Ni kweli tu kawaida lakini walidhani kukasirishwa na barua pepe kati ya wewe na wako 57 00:02:54,450 --> 00:02:58,410 TF, kweli tu kupata mambo kuanza, mazungumzo kuanza, hata ingawa 58 00:02:58,410 --> 00:03:02,110 zaidi ya wewe hawajawahi hata imeandikwa mtandao ukurasa kabla, hata sijui nini 59 00:03:02,110 --> 00:03:04,850 unaweza, jinsi nguvu, kutekeleza mradi wako wa mwisho. 60 00:03:04,850 --> 00:03:07,250 Kwenda kwenye imani kwamba utasikia kujua jinsi ya kufanya zaidi ya wachache kabisa 61 00:03:07,250 --> 00:03:08,410 mambo katika wiki chache. 62 00:03:08,410 --> 00:03:12,900 Hivyo tu kuanza mchakato huu kwa spec ya kuchunguza mawazo iwezekanavyo. 63 00:03:12,900 --> 00:03:16,030 >> Pia, ni nini tunatarajia kuwakaribisha kufanya ni - tuna mila, kwa miaka mingi 64 00:03:16,030 --> 00:03:18,840 sasa, katika shaka, ya mwenyeji hii - store.cs50.net. 65 00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:20,010 Kila kitu ni kuuzwa kwa gharama. 66 00:03:20,010 --> 00:03:23,460 Na ni kweli tu nafasi ya kuvaa CS50, kama ungependa kufanya 67 00:03:23,460 --> 00:03:24,920 kwamba, saa na kozi ya. 68 00:03:24,920 --> 00:03:27,990 Kwa mfano, kuna mambo kama vile fulana kwamba unaweza kuwa na kuonekana 69 00:03:27,990 --> 00:03:29,880 kwenda kuzunguka chuo, mashati. 70 00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:33,960 Na kisha, sisi pia kukaribisha wanafunzi kwa kuwasilisha miundo ya kuwa immortalized katika 71 00:03:33,960 --> 00:03:35,330 Kuhifadhi CS50. 72 00:03:35,330 --> 00:03:39,910 >> Kwa mfano, mmoja wa mwaka jana favorites kwamba mapenzi, labda, sasa 73 00:03:39,910 --> 00:03:41,860 yanaakisiwa na wewe ni hii moja hapa. 74 00:03:41,860 --> 00:03:45,390 75 00:03:45,390 --> 00:03:46,820 Maarufu sana bidhaa. 76 00:03:46,820 --> 00:03:51,020 Hivyo kama ungependa kushiriki katika hii, tutaweza kuweka fomu hivi karibuni, katika 77 00:03:51,020 --> 00:03:54,240 cs50.net/design, ambayo unaweza upload picha kwamba umefanya katika 78 00:03:54,240 --> 00:03:56,990 Illustrator, au Photoshop, au baadhi ya programu kama hiyo. 79 00:03:56,990 --> 00:03:59,850 Na kama wewe ni ukoo na aina hii ya specifikationer, sisi unataka kwa 80 00:03:59,850 --> 00:04:05,010 kuwa picha PNG, angalau 200 dots kwa inchi, na wachache zaidi ya saizi ya kwamba wengi, 81 00:04:05,010 --> 00:04:07,680 na chini ya 10 megabaiti. 82 00:04:07,680 --> 00:04:11,260 Kwa maelezo zaidi, tu email kozi ya vichwa katika heads@cs50.net kama 83 00:04:11,260 --> 00:04:13,910 ungependa kushiriki katika hili. 84 00:04:13,910 --> 00:04:20,920 >> Haki ya wote, hivyo leo, hakuna zaidi C. Hivyo sisi kuanza kuvuta nyuma tabaka ya 85 00:04:20,920 --> 00:04:24,900 internet, mtandao, na jinsi gani unaweza kweli kuanza kuandika programu kwa ajili ya 86 00:04:24,900 --> 00:04:26,420 hii mazingira tofauti. 87 00:04:26,420 --> 00:04:31,420 Hivyo hasa, hebu kuuliza, kwanza, suala la - 88 00:04:31,420 --> 00:04:36,070 basi mimi kupata sisi ukoo wetu kuchora programu zaidi ya hapa. 89 00:04:36,070 --> 00:04:42,702 Hebu pose swali la, jinsi gani kazi ya mtandao. 90 00:04:42,702 --> 00:04:43,560 >> [? MWANAFUNZI: Magic. ?] 91 00:04:43,560 --> 00:04:44,010 >> SPIKA 1: Magic. 92 00:04:44,010 --> 00:04:44,940 OK. 93 00:04:44,940 --> 00:04:45,880 Nzuri jibu. 94 00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:49,460 Hivyo tutaweza kuanza kuna leo, na kuona kama hatuwezi kufanya hivyo kidogo kidogo kichawi 95 00:04:49,460 --> 00:04:50,880 ndani ya saa moja. 96 00:04:50,880 --> 00:04:53,850 Hebu jaribu kuwaambia ni katika muktadha wa hadithi. 97 00:04:53,850 --> 00:04:58,480 >> Hivyo wewe ni mashabiki wa kwenda facebook.com, au reddit.com, au 98 00:04:58,480 --> 00:04:59,780 chochote siku hizi. 99 00:04:59,780 --> 00:05:02,590 Na hivyo nini kweli yanatokea wakati aina katika kitu kama 100 00:05:02,590 --> 00:05:07,020 facebook.com, na hit Enter, katika Chrome, au Firefox, au IE, au Safari, 101 00:05:07,020 --> 00:05:09,050 au chochote kivinjari uko kweli kufanya? 102 00:05:09,050 --> 00:05:11,500 Tunaweza kuwaambia hadithi hii, labda sentensi kwa sentensi? 103 00:05:11,500 --> 00:05:14,770 Nini moja ya mambo ya kwanza kwamba kinachotokea wakati hit Enter, baada ya 104 00:05:14,770 --> 00:05:15,876 kuandika facebook.com? 105 00:05:15,876 --> 00:05:17,780 >> [? MWANAFUNZI:? Wako] kompyuta hufanya ombi HTTP. 106 00:05:17,780 --> 00:05:18,260 >> SPIKA 1: OK. 107 00:05:18,260 --> 00:05:21,900 Hivyo kompyuta yako inafanya - tutaweza kuiita - ombi HTTP. 108 00:05:21,900 --> 00:05:22,940 Sasa nini maana gani? 109 00:05:22,940 --> 00:05:27,980 Naam, sisi sote kuwa pengine kuonekana au typed, kwa miaka sasa, H-T-T-P mara nyingi 110 00:05:27,980 --> 00:05:29,186 ikifuatiwa na koloni, kufyeka, kufyeka. 111 00:05:29,186 --> 00:05:30,340 Hivyo ni nini? 112 00:05:30,340 --> 00:05:33,980 >> Naam, HTTP ni HyperText Uhamisho Itifaki. 113 00:05:33,980 --> 00:05:37,360 Na kwamba ni njia tu ya dhana ya kusema, ni lugha ya kwamba mtandao browsers, 114 00:05:37,360 --> 00:05:42,460 kama Chrome na wengine, na seva ya mtandao, kama facebook.com, kuzungumza na 115 00:05:42,460 --> 00:05:43,100 mmoja na mwingine. 116 00:05:43,100 --> 00:05:46,730 Na ni haki rahisi, Kiingereza oriented lugha. 117 00:05:46,730 --> 00:05:48,140 Ni karibu kama kanuni Pseudo. 118 00:05:48,140 --> 00:05:51,820 >> Na ni njia ya mteja, kama tutaweza kuiita - browser - 119 00:05:51,820 --> 00:05:53,150 kuwasiliana na seva. 120 00:05:53,150 --> 00:05:56,230 Na tu kama katika mgahawa, wakati wewe, mteja, kukaa meza 121 00:05:56,230 --> 00:05:59,630 na kisha kuamuru kitu mbali ya orodha ya server, server kwamba 122 00:05:59,630 --> 00:06:02,720 kwenda kuleta nyuma kitu, chochote ni ombi. 123 00:06:02,720 --> 00:06:04,270 Moja katika dunia ya kompyuta. 124 00:06:04,270 --> 00:06:04,970 browser - 125 00:06:04,970 --> 00:06:05,610 mteja - 126 00:06:05,610 --> 00:06:07,890 ni kwenda kufanya ombi, na basi, hopefully kupata nyuma 127 00:06:07,890 --> 00:06:09,120 kitu kutoka server. 128 00:06:09,120 --> 00:06:11,660 Na kitu ambacho ni, ngazi ya juu, ukurasa wa mtandao. 129 00:06:11,660 --> 00:06:15,040 Katika ngazi ya chini kidogo, ni faili imeandikwa katika mwingine 130 00:06:15,040 --> 00:06:17,160 lugha inayoitwa HTML - 131 00:06:17,160 --> 00:06:18,920 HyperText ghafi lugha. 132 00:06:18,920 --> 00:06:20,720 Lakini zaidi juu ya kwamba katika muda tu. 133 00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:22,470 >> Hivyo HyperText Transfer Itifaki - 134 00:06:22,470 --> 00:06:23,450 HTTP - 135 00:06:23,450 --> 00:06:26,050 hiyo ni kuwa na itifaki browser na matumizi ya kompyuta. 136 00:06:26,050 --> 00:06:27,830 Naam, ni nini itifaki, hasa? 137 00:06:27,830 --> 00:06:29,280 Naam, unaweza kufikiria kama lugha. 138 00:06:29,280 --> 00:06:32,580 Lakini kama mimi kufikia nje kwa watazamaji wetu hapa, jambo la kawaida kwa binadamu sisi 139 00:06:32,580 --> 00:06:35,928 je ni, wakati sisi kusalimiana mtu, Nasema, hi, jina langu ni David. 140 00:06:35,928 --> 00:06:37,320 >> [? MWANAFUNZI: Hi,] jina langu ni Dipty?. 141 00:06:37,320 --> 00:06:39,000 >> SPIKA 1: "Hi, jina langu ni Dipty, "yeye anajibu. 142 00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:43,530 Na hivyo tumekuwa alikuwa huu haki holela mwingiliano wa kupeana mikono, kama ni 143 00:06:43,530 --> 00:06:45,730 mara nyingi mkataba wa binadamu katika nchi nyingi. 144 00:06:45,730 --> 00:06:47,380 Na kwamba itifaki, haki? 145 00:06:47,380 --> 00:06:50,680 Mimi aina ya ulioanzishwa ni kwa kupanua yangu mkono, badala awkwardly, juu ya hatua 146 00:06:50,680 --> 00:06:51,610 ya Sanders hapa. 147 00:06:51,610 --> 00:06:54,670 Yeye alitambua, oh, mimi wameweza kujipatia kuomba kwa mkono inaonekana. 148 00:06:54,670 --> 00:06:58,170 Na hivyo yeye alijibu ombi kwamba na kwa kweli kutambua hilo. 149 00:06:58,170 --> 00:07:01,860 kutambua, ACK, ni kweli maneno ya kawaida sana katika ulimwengu wa 150 00:07:01,860 --> 00:07:04,060 mitandao, kwa server kukiri mteja. 151 00:07:04,060 --> 00:07:07,720 Basi, sisi aina ya kukamilika kwamba shughuli, na machachari juu. 152 00:07:07,720 --> 00:07:10,010 Hivyo kwamba ni kweli nini kinatokea chini ya Hood pia. 153 00:07:10,010 --> 00:07:13,450 >> Basi mimi kufanya hivyo zaidi kidogo kitaalam chini ya Hood. 154 00:07:13,450 --> 00:07:16,900 Mimi nina kwenda juu hapa kwa dirisha terminal. 155 00:07:16,900 --> 00:07:19,950 Dirisha hili terminal hutokea kwa kuwa juu yangu Mac, lakini unaweza kufanya aina hiyo 156 00:07:19,950 --> 00:07:21,760 ya kitu katika appliance CS50. 157 00:07:21,760 --> 00:07:24,750 Na mimi nina kweli kwenda kutumia mpango kwamba sisi si kweli kutumika kwa ajili ya 158 00:07:24,750 --> 00:07:26,300 sana wakati muhula wote. 159 00:07:26,300 --> 00:07:27,430 Lakini ni kuitwa Telnet. 160 00:07:27,430 --> 00:07:31,880 >> Nyuma katika siku, Telnet alikuwa mpango kwamba unaweza kutumika kuungana na 161 00:07:31,880 --> 00:07:34,910 seva ya mbali, kwa kuangalia barua pepe yako au kufanya kitu kama hicho. 162 00:07:34,910 --> 00:07:38,460 Kwa sasa, sisi ni kwenda kutumia umri huu shule mpango, Telnet, na kujifanya 163 00:07:38,460 --> 00:07:39,830 kuwa browser. 164 00:07:39,830 --> 00:07:41,550 Na mimi nina kwenda mbele na kufanya yafuatayo - ngoja 165 00:07:41,550 --> 00:07:42,800 kuongeza font yangu kawaida. 166 00:07:42,800 --> 00:07:48,080 >> Na mimi nina kwenda kusema, Telnet kwa server inayoitwa www.facebook.com, lakini 167 00:07:48,080 --> 00:07:50,980 hasa, Telnet na bandari 80. 168 00:07:50,980 --> 00:07:52,070 Tutaweza kurudi kwa hii. 169 00:07:52,070 --> 00:07:56,630 Lakini kwa sasa, kujua kwamba wengi huduma kwenye mtandao ni kutambuliwa 170 00:07:56,630 --> 00:07:58,170 kipekee na idadi fulani. 171 00:07:58,170 --> 00:07:59,460 Katika kesi hiyo, ni 80. 172 00:07:59,460 --> 00:08:02,910 Sasa wengi wa una pengine kamwe typed 80 kabla. 173 00:08:02,910 --> 00:08:08,540 Lakini katika hali halisi, kama mimi kwenda kwa kivinjari na kuvuta, kwa mfano, 174 00:08:08,540 --> 00:08:16,500 http://www.facebook.com/-- 175 00:08:16,500 --> 00:08:18,460 hiyo ni auto-kamili, hiyo ni si historia yangu - 176 00:08:18,460 --> 00:08:23,070 haki ya wote, hivyo kwa sasa, sisi kwenda kwa koloni kufyeka 80. 177 00:08:23,070 --> 00:08:26,270 >> Hivyo mimi kudai kuwa hata kama wewe wameweza pengine kamwe typed hii kabla, na 178 00:08:26,270 --> 00:08:30,310 koloni 80 baada ya facebook.com, hopefully, ni bado kwenda kufanya kazi. 179 00:08:30,310 --> 00:08:32,220 Na kwa kweli, unaendelea na facebook.com. 180 00:08:32,220 --> 00:08:34,860 Hivyo zinageuka kuwa 80 imekuwa thabiti. 181 00:08:34,860 --> 00:08:36,690 Hakuna wa binadamu yetu kuwa alikuwa na aina hiyo kwa miaka. 182 00:08:36,690 --> 00:08:41,350 Sababu browsers, kwa default, tu kudhani kwamba idadi unataka kutumia 183 00:08:41,350 --> 00:08:44,620 wakati wito hadi server hivyo kusema ni, kwa kweli, 80. 184 00:08:44,620 --> 00:08:47,340 Kwa sababu kwa muda mrefu hadithi fupi, seva unaweza kufanya njia zaidi kuliko tu 185 00:08:47,340 --> 00:08:48,320 kutumika hadi kurasa za mtandao. 186 00:08:48,320 --> 00:08:50,030 >> Wanaweza kukabiliana na ujumbe papo. 187 00:08:50,030 --> 00:08:51,230 Wanaweza kutuma barua pepe. 188 00:08:51,230 --> 00:08:54,410 Kuna kura ya huduma ambazo wanaweza kukimbia kwenye server moja. 189 00:08:54,410 --> 00:08:57,590 Hivyo hizi namba - katika kesi hii, 80 - kipekee kubainisha mmoja wa wale 190 00:08:57,590 --> 00:09:01,830 huduma, ambayo ni HTTP, mtandao itifaki kuliko server 191 00:09:01,830 --> 00:09:03,210 ili kweli msaada. 192 00:09:03,210 --> 00:09:07,250 Lakini naweza kuigiza ombi hili sasa, textually, kwa kutumia hii shule ya zamani 193 00:09:07,250 --> 00:09:08,240 Telnet mpango. 194 00:09:08,240 --> 00:09:12,940 Hivyo nina kwenda kwa kimsingi sasa kujifanya kuwa browser na kusema HTTP 195 00:09:12,940 --> 00:09:16,620 kwa kutuma, na keyboard yangu, hasa amri kwamba Chrome tu alijua jinsi 196 00:09:16,620 --> 00:09:18,260 kutuma kwa ajili yangu magically. 197 00:09:18,260 --> 00:09:19,910 >> Hivyo nina kwenda mbele na kugonga kuingia. 198 00:09:19,910 --> 00:09:22,000 Taarifa kwamba ni kujaribu 31.13.69.32. 199 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:26,110 13 Je, ni kwamba? 200 00:09:26,110 --> 00:09:27,440 Hivyo ni anwani ya IP. 201 00:09:27,440 --> 00:09:30,790 Sasa hata kama wewe si pia familiar na ugumu wa wale, wewe 202 00:09:30,790 --> 00:09:33,420 pengine maana ya jumla kuwa mambo haya zipo. 203 00:09:33,420 --> 00:09:34,650 Na anwani ya IP - 204 00:09:34,650 --> 00:09:36,620 Itifaki ya internet anwani - 205 00:09:36,620 --> 00:09:40,970 ni kitambulisho kipekee kwa ajili ya kompyuta ya mtandao. 206 00:09:40,970 --> 00:09:43,040 Hii ni kidogo ya kurahisisha kwa sasa. 207 00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:47,490 >> Lakini kila kompyuta kwenye mtandao ina kipekee IP, kiasi kama kila 208 00:09:47,490 --> 00:09:53,600 nyumba katika, kusema, Marekani ina kipekee anwani ya posta, kitu kama 123 209 00:09:53,600 --> 00:09:55,820 Kuu Street, katika Anytown, USA. 210 00:09:55,820 --> 00:09:56,540 Hivyo kitu kama hicho. 211 00:09:56,540 --> 00:09:58,330 Na kwamba, pia, ni kurahisisha. 212 00:09:58,330 --> 00:10:01,470 Lakini anwani hizi kwamba sisi katika ya posta dunia na anwani hizi 213 00:10:01,470 --> 00:10:04,940 kwamba sisi katika dunia ya kompyuta kipekee kutambua seva ili wakati 214 00:10:04,940 --> 00:10:09,030 kutuma ujumbe kwao juu ya mtandao, au wakati wewe kuweka barua katika 215 00:10:09,030 --> 00:10:10,500 umri wa shule ya mailbox - 216 00:10:10,500 --> 00:10:12,100 ya posta mail - 217 00:10:12,100 --> 00:10:16,940 huduma anajua jinsi ya kupata kwamba ombi, au kwamba barua, ili 218 00:10:16,940 --> 00:10:18,110 lengo mpokeaji. 219 00:10:18,110 --> 00:10:21,390 >> Sasa kompyuta yangu, kwa namna fulani, ana haki ya figured kuwa Facebook ya kipekee ya IP 220 00:10:21,390 --> 00:10:23,820 ni 31.13.69.32. 221 00:10:23,820 --> 00:10:25,170 Kwa kweli, kwamba pengine unaweza kubadilika. 222 00:10:25,170 --> 00:10:27,780 Facebook pengine ina IP nyingi anwani, kwa sababu wao kabisa 223 00:10:27,780 --> 00:10:29,150 na zaidi ya moja server. 224 00:10:29,150 --> 00:10:30,810 Lakini kwamba kilichotokea kwa sisi magically. 225 00:10:30,810 --> 00:10:35,070 Kwa kweli, ndani ya siri jina la server nimekuwa inaonekana kushikamana 226 00:10:35,070 --> 00:10:40,270 kwa inaitwa star.c10r.facebook.com, chochote kile. 227 00:10:40,270 --> 00:10:42,960 Ni tu chochote mfumo Msimamizi katika Facebook aliamua 228 00:10:42,960 --> 00:10:46,510 wito huu server fulani kwamba mimi ilikuwa kiasi fulani nasibu alimtuma. 229 00:10:46,510 --> 00:10:48,630 >> Hivyo sasa kama uhusiano wangu si wakati muafaka nje, mimi nina kwenda 230 00:10:48,630 --> 00:10:50,210 kujifanya kuwa kwamba browser. 231 00:10:50,210 --> 00:10:54,590 Mimi nina kwenda kusema kupata nafasi ya mbele kufyeka nafasi. 232 00:10:54,590 --> 00:10:58,220 Na mimi naenda kwa kujifanya kuwa akizungumza HTTP toleo 1.1, ambayo ni 233 00:10:58,220 --> 00:10:59,880 moja kwamba wengi browsers kutumia. 234 00:10:59,880 --> 00:11:03,980 Na mimi nina hasa kwenda kutaja kwa server, kwa njia ya, mimi nataka 235 00:11:03,980 --> 00:11:06,280 tovuti anajulikana kwa dunia kama facebook.com. 236 00:11:06,280 --> 00:11:09,000 Kuingia, kuingia. 237 00:11:09,000 --> 00:11:11,390 Na sasa, taarifa ya nini kilichotokea. 238 00:11:11,390 --> 00:11:16,400 >> server, waiter, imejibu kwa amri yangu, au ombi langu, na 239 00:11:16,400 --> 00:11:17,720 mwingine ujumbe wa matini. 240 00:11:17,720 --> 00:11:20,720 Sasa tena, katika dunia ya browsers kama Chrome na Safari, ungekuwa si 241 00:11:20,720 --> 00:11:21,990 kuona hii, kama binadamu. 242 00:11:21,990 --> 00:11:24,770 Microsoft na Google tu kuficha haya maelezo kutoka kwetu. 243 00:11:24,770 --> 00:11:29,580 Lakini Facebook ina alijibu kwa jibu, pia katika HTTP lugha. 244 00:11:29,580 --> 00:11:33,250 Taarifa kuna kanuni hapa, 302, ambayo kweli ina umuhimu maalum na 245 00:11:33,250 --> 00:11:34,110 mkataba. 246 00:11:34,110 --> 00:11:36,030 Kupatikana, hivyo kwamba ni angalau kuahidi. 247 00:11:36,030 --> 00:11:39,160 >> Lakini inaonekana Facebook ni kuwaambia yangu, mm-mm, hutaki 248 00:11:39,160 --> 00:11:40,190 nini akaomba. 249 00:11:40,190 --> 00:11:42,810 Wewe badala wanataka leo maalum, ambayo ni 250 00:11:42,810 --> 00:11:45,680 facebook.com / unsupportedbrowser. 251 00:11:45,680 --> 00:11:50,350 Hivyo katika ngazi ya juu, ni nini Facebook itaonekana kuwa kufanya hapa? 252 00:11:50,350 --> 00:11:51,410 Ni imetuma yangu. 253 00:11:51,410 --> 00:11:53,420 Hivyo Facebook hapendi ukweli kwamba mimi nina kujifanya 254 00:11:53,420 --> 00:11:54,770 kuwa hii browser nyingine. 255 00:11:54,770 --> 00:11:57,700 Na hivyo ni imetuma mimi na tovuti fulani. 256 00:11:57,700 --> 00:11:59,820 >> Mimi kwa kweli curious, sasa, nini jambo hili inaonekana kama. 257 00:11:59,820 --> 00:12:04,420 Nivuke na kwamba katika Chrome hivyo sisi unaweza kuona nini wanataka mimi kuona. 258 00:12:04,420 --> 00:12:07,060 Hivyo sasa wameweza kweli aliyenituma nyuma Facebook kwa sababu wameweza barabara, 259 00:12:07,060 --> 00:12:08,360 oh, una browser mkono. 260 00:12:08,360 --> 00:12:10,260 Sisi siyo hata kwenda kuonyesha kwamba ukurasa. 261 00:12:10,260 --> 00:12:12,920 Basi hebu kwenda mbele na kuona kama hatuwezi kurekebisha hii. 262 00:12:12,920 --> 00:12:14,280 >> Mimi nina kwenda kuwa na kudanganya kidogo. 263 00:12:14,280 --> 00:12:16,350 Na zaidi juu ya hili katika wiki ijayo. 264 00:12:16,350 --> 00:12:18,120 Lakini mimi nina kwenda kufanya jambo moja hapa. 265 00:12:18,120 --> 00:12:20,590 Na mimi itabidi kueleza kabla ya muda mrefu. 266 00:12:20,590 --> 00:12:24,320 Nipe muda tu kwa kudanganya, na wow wewe. 267 00:12:24,320 --> 00:12:28,190 Hivyo basi mimi kupata hii. 268 00:12:28,190 --> 00:12:29,110 OK. 269 00:12:29,110 --> 00:12:30,690 Mimi itabidi kueleza nini mimi kufanya katika muda tu. 270 00:12:30,690 --> 00:12:32,810 Mimi nina kwenda mbele na kufuta hii uhusiano, na kujaribu hii tena. 271 00:12:32,810 --> 00:12:38,440 >> Kupata kufyeka HTTP 1.1 jeshi www.facebook.com user-kikali. 272 00:12:38,440 --> 00:12:43,880 273 00:12:43,880 --> 00:12:44,560 OK. 274 00:12:44,560 --> 00:12:46,820 Sasa mimi akadai kuwa Chrome. 275 00:12:46,820 --> 00:12:50,920 Hivyo zinageuka kuwa wakati browser atatuma ombi server, ni tu 276 00:12:50,920 --> 00:12:51,595 mfumo wa heshima. 277 00:12:51,595 --> 00:12:54,840 Kama mimi kusema mimi nina Chrome, Facebook kudhani mimi nina Chrome. 278 00:12:54,840 --> 00:12:58,560 Na njia ambayo mimi kutambuliwa mwenyewe kama Chrome ni kwa hili 279 00:12:58,560 --> 00:13:00,360 atrociously mrefu kamba. 280 00:13:00,360 --> 00:13:03,240 Kimsingi, kila browser wazalishaji katika dunia na 281 00:13:03,240 --> 00:13:06,470 aliamua, vizuri, toleo hili la hii kivinjari kwenye mfumo huu wa uendeshaji mapenzi 282 00:13:06,470 --> 00:13:09,740 kuwa string user-wakala kwamba inaonekana kama kwamba fujo mambo huko. 283 00:13:09,740 --> 00:13:12,110 Na Mozilla ni huko kwa kihistoria sababu. 284 00:13:12,110 --> 00:13:15,160 >> Lakini taarifa jinsi gani taarifa mimi nina kinachovuja na facebook.com bila hata 285 00:13:15,160 --> 00:13:16,030 magogo in 286 00:13:16,030 --> 00:13:18,910 Mimi nina kuwaambia Marko kwamba ni Mac kwamba mimi nina kutumia. 287 00:13:18,910 --> 00:13:23,590 Mimi kumwambia kwamba ni Intel msingi Mac mbio Mac OS 10.8.5. 288 00:13:23,590 --> 00:13:27,870 Kama kando, habari hii ni ya kwenda kwa kila tovuti ya kwamba wewe kutembelea na 289 00:13:27,870 --> 00:13:28,500 browser yako. 290 00:13:28,500 --> 00:13:31,360 Pretty innocuous hadi sasa, lakini anapata juicier kidogo. 291 00:13:31,360 --> 00:13:33,920 >> Taarifa kwamba, kama sisi kusoma mbali kutosha, Mimi nina kutumia Chrome toleo 292 00:13:33,920 --> 00:13:38,060 30.0.1599.101. 293 00:13:38,060 --> 00:13:42,410 Lakini sasa, taarifa kwamba majibu si mbaya kama ilivyokuwa kabla. 294 00:13:42,410 --> 00:13:44,840 Ambapo ni Facebook kuwaambia yangu ya kwenda sasa? 295 00:13:44,840 --> 00:13:49,140 Ni akiniambia, tena, tovuti ya - 296 00:13:49,140 --> 00:13:50,720 ni kuwaambia mimi ni wakiongozwa kudumu. 297 00:13:50,720 --> 00:13:54,200 Vizuri, ambapo heck hakuwa Facebook kwenda? 298 00:13:54,200 --> 00:13:56,100 >> Yeah, hivyo ni tofauti hila. 299 00:13:56,100 --> 00:14:01,680 Lakini sikia, hapa, kwamba tovuti ina kweli walihamishwa kwa HTTPS. 300 00:14:01,680 --> 00:14:05,210 Hivyo muda mrefu hadithi fupi, hii ni njia mojawapo kwamba Facebook ni utekelezaji kwamba mimi 301 00:14:05,210 --> 00:14:08,890 kweli kuishia katika toleo salama ya tovuti yao, moja hiyo kwa kutumia 302 00:14:08,890 --> 00:14:09,660 encryption - 303 00:14:09,660 --> 00:14:12,730 ngumu zaidi kuliko sisi encryption kuongelea kwa p seti mbili, lakini 304 00:14:12,730 --> 00:14:14,520 encryption hata hivyo. 305 00:14:14,520 --> 00:14:17,110 >> Sasa katika hatua hii anapata ngumu kwa ajili yangu na spoof mtandao wao 306 00:14:17,110 --> 00:14:18,230 kuomba kutumia Telnet. 307 00:14:18,230 --> 00:14:20,210 Kwa sababu kama wao ni kuwaambia mimi kutumia SSL - 308 00:14:20,210 --> 00:14:23,050 Kiambishi awali HTTPS ni nini ina maana kwamba - 309 00:14:23,050 --> 00:14:25,590 kama uko akiniambia kutumia cryptography, hakuna njia mimi naenda 310 00:14:25,590 --> 00:14:28,610 manually kusimba ujumbe wangu mbele nyote hapa, na kujaribu 311 00:14:28,610 --> 00:14:29,770 kufikiri jinsi ya kufanya hivyo. 312 00:14:29,770 --> 00:14:31,150 Ni tu kwenda kupata magumu zaidi. 313 00:14:31,150 --> 00:14:33,150 Lakini kwamba ni nini browser ni kufanya kwa ajili yenu. 314 00:14:33,150 --> 00:14:36,230 >> Hebu angalia kama hatuwezi kufanya hii kidogo zaidi tu, basi, na tovuti 315 00:14:36,230 --> 00:14:38,700 si kwamba wanatarajia tuwe kama salama. 316 00:14:38,700 --> 00:14:43,310 Hebu kwenda, kusema, harvard.edu juu ya bandari 80. 317 00:14:43,310 --> 00:14:44,550 Kuingia. 318 00:14:44,550 --> 00:14:48,170 Haki ya wote, hivyo kupata mkwaju HTTP 1.1. 319 00:14:48,170 --> 00:14:49,730 Na nini hii kufyeka kwanza maana? 320 00:14:49,730 --> 00:14:53,120 Tu kuwa wazi, kwa nini Mimi kuendelea kuandika kwamba? 321 00:14:53,120 --> 00:14:54,790 >> Naam kawaida, wakati wewe aina URL - 322 00:14:54,790 --> 00:14:57,610 na kwa bahati mbaya, browsers kawaida kuficha hii siku hizi - 323 00:14:57,610 --> 00:15:00,850 kawaida, wakati wa kwenda harvard.edu, kwamba URL rasmi 324 00:15:00,850 --> 00:15:02,560 haina mwisho katika kufyeka. 325 00:15:02,560 --> 00:15:07,350 Sababu mkwaju moja inaashiria sehemu gani ya kuendesha gari kwa bidii? 326 00:15:07,350 --> 00:15:08,990 mizizi ya gari ngumu. 327 00:15:08,990 --> 00:15:11,260 Sisi katika appliance si kweli alikuwa na kufikiri juu ya hili, kwa sababu tuko 328 00:15:11,260 --> 00:15:12,930 daima katika folder Yohana Harvard. 329 00:15:12,930 --> 00:15:14,690 Lakini faili lake ni katika folder mwingine. 330 00:15:14,690 --> 00:15:17,980 Na folder kwamba katika mizizi ya Appliance ya kuendesha gari kwa bidii, ili kuzungumza, 331 00:15:17,980 --> 00:15:18,980 hata kama ni virtual. 332 00:15:18,980 --> 00:15:21,660 Hivyo mkwaju moja kama hii ina maana mizizi ya gari ngumu. 333 00:15:21,660 --> 00:15:25,650 Ni kama C backslash koloni, au ni mizizi ya kiasi yako, juu ya Mac OS. 334 00:15:25,650 --> 00:15:28,740 >> Lakini Chrome, na browsers nyingine hizi siku, waliopata user-kirafiki, na 335 00:15:28,740 --> 00:15:30,300 wao kujificha kwamba kufyeka kabisa. 336 00:15:30,300 --> 00:15:32,620 Lakini hiyo ina maana kwamba wote katika ujumbe wangu textual - 337 00:15:32,620 --> 00:15:36,570 nipe mizizi ya harvard.edu 's Mzee, ni kwamba, 338 00:15:36,570 --> 00:15:38,120 default ukurasa yenyewe. 339 00:15:38,120 --> 00:15:39,900 Hivyo basi mimi kwenda mbele na hit kuingia. 340 00:15:39,900 --> 00:15:43,650 Napenda kuwakumbusha jeshi kwamba mimi nataka www.harvard.edu, tu katika kesi kuna 341 00:15:43,650 --> 00:15:45,880 tovuti nyingine wanaoishi katika hiyo ya kimwili server. 342 00:15:45,880 --> 00:15:46,080 >> OK. 343 00:15:46,080 --> 00:15:47,700 Harvard got kidogo papara na mimi. 344 00:15:47,700 --> 00:15:49,390 Basi hebu kufanya hivyo tena, kwa kasi zaidi. 345 00:15:49,390 --> 00:15:55,560 Kupata kufyeka HTTP 1.1 jeshi www.harvard.edu user-wakala - 346 00:15:55,560 --> 00:15:58,080 Mimi guessing server yetu wala huduma kama mengi juu ya hili - 347 00:15:58,080 --> 00:15:59,566 Kuingia, kuingia. 348 00:15:59,566 --> 00:15:59,962 Whew. 349 00:15:59,962 --> 00:16:01,700 Oh damn it, ombi mbaya. 350 00:16:01,700 --> 00:16:02,080 OK. 351 00:16:02,080 --> 00:16:05,310 Basi nini kinaendelea hapa - 352 00:16:05,310 --> 00:16:07,800 hello, harvard.edu. 353 00:16:07,800 --> 00:16:10,280 Kwa nini ni kufanya - kuvutia. 354 00:16:10,280 --> 00:16:11,710 Oh, sawa. 355 00:16:11,710 --> 00:16:14,830 >> Hivyo kile Harvard ni sasa kufanya - na sisi ni kwenda haraka Nanhe mbali ya 356 00:16:14,830 --> 00:16:17,100 njia hii, kwa sababu itakuja kupata tedious haraka - 357 00:16:17,100 --> 00:16:21,270 taarifa kwamba ni kweli Harvard compressing majibu yake na mimi, ambayo 358 00:16:21,270 --> 00:16:22,140 si bora. 359 00:16:22,140 --> 00:16:25,780 Kwa sababu mimi, inaonekana, kama binadamu, wala kujua jinsi ya decompress bits kwamba 360 00:16:25,780 --> 00:16:27,280 wamepelekwa mimi USITUMIE. 361 00:16:27,280 --> 00:16:31,500 Na wao ni umeonyesha kuwa ni takataka huko, kwa sababu wao ni zeros na ndio, 362 00:16:31,500 --> 00:16:33,190 lakini wao siyo ASCII wahusika. 363 00:16:33,190 --> 00:16:36,090 Wao ni chati ya zeros na wale ambao wamekuwa USITUMIE kuchukua 364 00:16:36,090 --> 00:16:37,050 nafasi chini. 365 00:16:37,050 --> 00:16:39,010 >> Hivyo haraka sana, napenda kuona kama mimi anaweza kupona hapa. 366 00:16:39,010 --> 00:16:41,590 Hebu jaribu, labda, mwingine chuo kabisa. 367 00:16:41,590 --> 00:16:50,450 mit.edu wa kupata mkwaju HTTP kufyeka 1.1 jeshi www.mit.edu user-wakala koloni huko. 368 00:16:50,450 --> 00:16:51,600 Asante, MIT. 369 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:52,630 OK. 370 00:16:52,630 --> 00:16:55,750 Hivyo hapa tuna ukurasa wa mtandao. 371 00:16:55,750 --> 00:16:58,840 >> Hivyo hii ni lugha ya inayojulikana kama HTML - 372 00:16:58,840 --> 00:17:00,400 HyperText ghafi lugha. 373 00:17:00,400 --> 00:17:03,390 Mimi tu scrolling nyuma hadi katika muda wa kupata sana 374 00:17:03,390 --> 00:17:04,810 ncha ya juu ya ukurasa huu. 375 00:17:04,810 --> 00:17:07,440 Na taarifa jinsi MIT imejibu ombi langu. 376 00:17:07,440 --> 00:17:08,520 200 ni nzuri. 377 00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:10,630 200 njia kila kitu ni halisi OK. 378 00:17:10,630 --> 00:17:13,390 Na kwamba kanuni ya hali ya kwamba sisi binadamu kwa kweli kamwe 379 00:17:13,390 --> 00:17:14,670 kuona, kwa njia nzuri. 380 00:17:14,670 --> 00:17:16,140 Sababu ina maana yote ni sawa. 381 00:17:16,140 --> 00:17:19,369 >> Taarifa kwamba MIT ni taarifa yangu, hey, server sisi ni mbio inaitwa 382 00:17:19,369 --> 00:17:23,849 Apache, ambayo ni maarufu sana wazi chanzo bure mtandao server. 383 00:17:23,849 --> 00:17:25,589 Wanakimbia, inaonekana, UNIX, ambayo ni 384 00:17:25,589 --> 00:17:27,130 mfumo wa uendeshaji kama Linux. 385 00:17:27,130 --> 00:17:30,660 Taarifa kwamba wao inaonekana updated mtandao wao katika ukurasa a.m. 04:00, 386 00:17:30,660 --> 00:17:32,400 Greenwich Mean Time. 387 00:17:32,400 --> 00:17:34,990 >> Taarifa ya wanandoa wa maelezo mengine. 388 00:17:34,990 --> 00:17:37,910 Wao ni kurudi, na mimi, text / html. 389 00:17:37,910 --> 00:17:39,800 Hivyo tutaweza kuona nini maana ya katika muda tu. 390 00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:45,460 Wameweza inaonekana kunipa 14,717 ka thamani ya HTML. 391 00:17:45,460 --> 00:17:48,180 Na baadhi nyingine, zaidi ya Kisufi habari ni katika huko. 392 00:17:48,180 --> 00:17:49,920 >> Lakini hii ni ambapo anapata kuvutia. 393 00:17:49,920 --> 00:17:52,580 Hii ni jinsi ya kufanya ukurasa wa mtandao. 394 00:17:52,580 --> 00:17:57,860 Hii ni jinsi ya kufanya ukurasa wa mtandao ambao cheo katika tab, katika browser yako, ni 395 00:17:57,860 --> 00:18:00,590 MIT hyphen Massachusetts Taasisi ya Teknolojia. 396 00:18:00,590 --> 00:18:06,300 Na hakika, kama sisi kwenda nyuma ya Chrome na kutembelea www.mit.edu, taarifa kwamba, 397 00:18:06,300 --> 00:18:09,680 kwa hakika, katika cheo hapa, ni MIT dash Massachusetts 398 00:18:09,680 --> 00:18:11,260 Taasisi dot, dot, dot. 399 00:18:11,260 --> 00:18:16,490 Na sasa taarifa, pia, kama mimi click haki au kudhibiti bonyeza desktop hapa, 400 00:18:16,490 --> 00:18:17,960 na kwenda View Ukurasa Chanzo - 401 00:18:17,960 --> 00:18:20,870 angalau katika Chrome, ingawa kila browser gani hii kupitia njia fulani - 402 00:18:20,870 --> 00:18:22,140 hapa ni kwamba faili moja. 403 00:18:22,140 --> 00:18:25,140 >> Hutokea kwa kuwa rangi coded, au syntax yalionyesha. 404 00:18:25,140 --> 00:18:28,590 Lakini tu kama na kanuni yako C kwamba ilikuwa si colorized na wewe, ilikuwa ni 405 00:18:28,590 --> 00:18:31,810 colorized na gedit, vile vile ni maamuzi tu Chrome 406 00:18:31,810 --> 00:18:33,130 hii prettier kusoma. 407 00:18:33,130 --> 00:18:37,110 Lakini hii ni mambo ambayo tutaweza karibuni kuwa kuandika. 408 00:18:37,110 --> 00:18:38,840 Hivyo kwamba ni endgame. 409 00:18:38,840 --> 00:18:42,020 server imejibu na kwamba habari, kama wewe alijibu 410 00:18:42,020 --> 00:18:43,660 kwa mkono wako kwa makubaliano yetu. 411 00:18:43,660 --> 00:18:47,280 Lakini kile kingine lazima kwenda juu katika kati ya wale hatua? 412 00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:53,430 >> Naam, wakati mimi aina katika, katika kesi hii ya mwisho, www.mit.edu na hit Enter, sisi 413 00:18:53,430 --> 00:18:56,390 kujua ni kuzungumza na bandari 80 moja kwa moja, bandari 414 00:18:56,390 --> 00:18:57,780 tu kuwa idadi hiyo. 415 00:18:57,780 --> 00:19:00,710 Lakini wapi IP kwenda? 416 00:19:00,710 --> 00:19:05,045 Jinsi ni kompyuta yangu kuhesabia nje nini Anwani ya IP ya mit.edu ni? 417 00:19:05,045 --> 00:19:07,720 418 00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:10,840 >> Naam, ni zamu nje, katika dunia hii, kuna ni mambo kuitwa DNS server. 419 00:19:10,840 --> 00:19:14,500 Na napenda kwenda mbele na kuteka picha ya haraka zaidi ya hapa. 420 00:19:14,500 --> 00:19:17,680 Na hii itabidi mchoro nje, katika mbaya suala, nini kinaendelea. 421 00:19:17,680 --> 00:19:21,510 Hivyo tutaweza kujifanya kama hii ni laptop yangu hapa, katika Sanders. 422 00:19:21,510 --> 00:19:24,650 Na ina Wi-Fi, hivyo ni kushikamana wirelessly kwa kitu fulani. 423 00:19:24,650 --> 00:19:26,060 >> Nini ni kushikamana na kweli? 424 00:19:26,060 --> 00:19:27,990 Naam, mahali fulani katika hapa, kuna kitu juu ya 425 00:19:27,990 --> 00:19:29,240 ukuta na antena baadhi. 426 00:19:29,240 --> 00:19:30,725 Na kwamba wito hatua upatikanaji - 427 00:19:30,725 --> 00:19:31,560 AP. 428 00:19:31,560 --> 00:19:34,190 Wireless upatikanaji wa uhakika, wireless router - kuiita chochote unataka. 429 00:19:34,190 --> 00:19:36,230 Lakini wao ni wote juu ya chuo hicho, na wale Antena kidogo. 430 00:19:36,230 --> 00:19:38,100 Yetu ni yaliyotolewa na Cisco, kawaida. 431 00:19:38,100 --> 00:19:42,480 Na hivyo kwa namna fulani, kompyuta yangu ni kuzungumza na kwamba hatua wireless kupata, 432 00:19:42,480 --> 00:19:45,580 mahali fulani hapa katika Sanders, au downstairs, au nje. 433 00:19:45,580 --> 00:19:50,030 >> Wakati huo huo, jambo hii ina mengi ya waya kimwili kwenda, pengine, 434 00:19:50,030 --> 00:19:52,175 Sayansi Center, ambayo tutaweza kuteka kama hii. 435 00:19:52,175 --> 00:19:54,200 Haina kweli kuangalia kama hiyo. 436 00:19:54,200 --> 00:19:55,200 Kwamba kweli inaonekana mengi zaidi. 437 00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:59,170 Hivyo Center Sayansi ina rundo zima ya kompyuta ndani yake kwamba 438 00:19:59,170 --> 00:20:02,320 ni namna fulani ya kimwili kushikamana na kila ya kupata pointi haya juu ya chuo. 439 00:20:02,320 --> 00:20:06,440 Na wale kompyuta kimwili, tutaweza kuwaita ruta, au gateways. 440 00:20:06,440 --> 00:20:09,450 >> router, kama jina lake anapendekeza, ni kusudi katika maisha ni njia 441 00:20:09,450 --> 00:20:10,310 habari. 442 00:20:10,310 --> 00:20:14,150 Inachukua bits baadhi, kutoka kompyuta, kama pembejeo, na takwimu za nje na ambapo 443 00:20:14,150 --> 00:20:15,640 bits wale upelekwe. 444 00:20:15,640 --> 00:20:19,910 Hivyo katika kesi ya ombi langu kwa mit.edu, ni kweli pretty rahisi. 445 00:20:19,910 --> 00:20:24,620 Ombi langu huja katika kutoka browser yangu, juu ya Wi-Fi, kwa uhakika kupata, basi, 446 00:20:24,620 --> 00:20:27,080 kupitia cable baadhi, katika router katika Kituo cha Sayansi. 447 00:20:27,080 --> 00:20:29,810 Na kwa namna fulani, router katika Kituo cha Sayansi ya takwimu za nje 448 00:20:29,810 --> 00:20:31,510 kwamba MIT ni kwamba njia. 449 00:20:31,510 --> 00:20:34,080 Na mimi naenda kusonga mbele wale bits, nina kwenda kwa njia ya bits wale, 450 00:20:34,080 --> 00:20:36,670 chini ya barabara, chini Misa Ave,. kwa MIT. 451 00:20:36,670 --> 00:20:42,030 Lakini jinsi gani kompyuta yangu kujua nini IP hata mara? 452 00:20:42,030 --> 00:20:45,660 >> Vizuri zinageuka kuwa mahali fulani hapa kuna seva - 453 00:20:45,660 --> 00:20:48,330 na mimi nina kwenda kuteka ni haki abstractly - 454 00:20:48,330 --> 00:20:49,710 kama DNS server - 455 00:20:49,710 --> 00:20:51,220 Domain Jina System. 456 00:20:51,220 --> 00:20:51,960 Haya si ruta. 457 00:20:51,960 --> 00:20:56,050 Hizi ni aina tofauti ya seva kusudi lake katika maisha ni kutafsiri 458 00:20:56,050 --> 00:21:04,340 jeshi majina, kama www.mit.edu, ili IP anwani, kama 1.2.3.4 Hivyo DNS server 459 00:21:04,340 --> 00:21:05,240 kufanya hasa kwamba. 460 00:21:05,240 --> 00:21:08,320 Unaweza kufikiri wao kama kuwa kubwa Mbegu, au kweli, kama Excel kubwa 461 00:21:08,320 --> 00:21:09,750 kuwasilisha na nguzo mbili. 462 00:21:09,750 --> 00:21:12,120 Moja ni mwenyeji majina, mmoja ni IP. 463 00:21:12,120 --> 00:21:15,020 Na wao tu kubadilisha moja kwa mengine, katika mwelekeo aidha. 464 00:21:15,020 --> 00:21:16,830 >> Sasa katika hali halisi, ni kidogo ngumu zaidi kuliko hiyo. 465 00:21:16,830 --> 00:21:22,070 Lakini hiyo ni jinsi kompyuta yangu, random yangu Mac au PC juu ya meza hii hapa, anajua 466 00:21:22,070 --> 00:21:27,590 kile kitambulisho kipekee ni kwa ajili ya www.mit.edu, au Facebook, au 467 00:21:27,590 --> 00:21:29,680 harvard.edu, kwa jambo hilo. 468 00:21:29,680 --> 00:21:33,520 Lakini bila shaka, kuna ukamilifu ya Misa Ave hapa. 469 00:21:33,520 --> 00:21:37,390 Na kisha, sisi kupata MIT, ambayo hii ni kweli zaidi ya kulazimisha. 470 00:21:37,390 --> 00:21:39,230 Kwamba utakuwa MIT. 471 00:21:39,230 --> 00:21:41,580 Na hivyo, pia, kuwa baadhi ya watumishi. 472 00:21:41,580 --> 00:21:45,770 Na kwa namna fulani kuwa wired, au wireless, uhusiano na Harvard. 473 00:21:45,770 --> 00:21:48,830 Na bila shaka, tunaweza kwenda mbali zaidi chini ya barabara kuliko MIT, na kuzungumza na 474 00:21:48,830 --> 00:21:50,470 yoyote zaidi ya kompyuta katika dunia. 475 00:21:50,470 --> 00:21:52,060 >> Lakini hebu angalia kama hatuwezi kuona kwamba. 476 00:21:52,060 --> 00:21:54,810 Hebu nirejee nyuma kwa Terminal yangu dirisha kwa muda tu. 477 00:21:54,810 --> 00:22:00,170 Na hebu kudhani kwamba mimi figured nini anwani ya IP ni kwa mit.edu 478 00:22:00,170 --> 00:22:02,700 kama Telnet figured nje kabla, na browser yangu unaweza wazi 479 00:22:02,700 --> 00:22:03,960 takwimu ni nje kwa ajili yangu. 480 00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:06,970 Na mimi nina kwenda kukimbia mpango mwingine, katika dirisha hili Terminal, iitwayo 481 00:22:06,970 --> 00:22:10,320 traceroute, hazieleweki njia ya kutoka hapa - 482 00:22:10,320 --> 00:22:13,760 halisi, hii meza - kwa www.mit.edu. 483 00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:14,750 Hebu angalia nini kinatokea. 484 00:22:14,750 --> 00:22:16,690 Hebu kweli kuogopa ukubwa wa herufi. 485 00:22:16,690 --> 00:22:17,430 OOP. 486 00:22:17,430 --> 00:22:18,790 Hakuna, nilitaka mshangao wewe. 487 00:22:18,790 --> 00:22:19,110 >> OK. 488 00:22:19,110 --> 00:22:20,870 Hivyo hapa sisi kwenda. 489 00:22:20,870 --> 00:22:22,880 Hebu kwenda mbele na kukimbia hii hapa. 490 00:22:22,880 --> 00:22:26,410 Na kile Mimi nilikuwa naona wakati iliyopita, na sisi ni kuona tena sasa, hii ni 491 00:22:26,410 --> 00:22:29,980 pato - traceroute www.mit.edu. 492 00:22:29,980 --> 00:22:33,380 Taarifa, katika mstari wa kwanza, mpango huu kweli figured kuwa MIT 493 00:22:33,380 --> 00:22:35,730 IP ni namba hii hapa. 494 00:22:35,730 --> 00:22:38,060 Na sasa, nini kinaendelea kati yetu na wao? 495 00:22:38,060 --> 00:22:44,110 >> Hivyo mstari huu hapa, katika mstari mmoja, na hii mstari hapa, katika safu mbili, na kisha, 496 00:22:44,110 --> 00:22:46,335 safu tatu - nini kufanya kila moja ya haya mistari pengine kuwakilisha? 497 00:22:46,335 --> 00:22:49,010 498 00:22:49,010 --> 00:22:50,225 Maeneo, pointi, uhakika. 499 00:22:50,225 --> 00:22:53,520 Wao ni kuitwa humle, conceptually. 500 00:22:53,520 --> 00:22:56,230 Lakini kimwili, ni zipi? 501 00:22:56,230 --> 00:22:57,130 Wao uko ruta. 502 00:22:57,130 --> 00:22:59,820 >> Sisi tu, kwa kweli, moja kipande ya vifaa hapa kuzungumza juu ya hivi sasa. 503 00:22:59,820 --> 00:23:00,560 Wao uko ruta. 504 00:23:00,560 --> 00:23:01,800 Hivyo jambo hili hapa - 505 00:23:01,800 --> 00:23:02,990 mambo jina - 506 00:23:02,990 --> 00:23:06,700 lakini hii pengine ni mashine ya chumba, MR, katika Kituo cha Sayansi. 507 00:23:06,700 --> 00:23:08,680 Ni gateway, aka router. 508 00:23:08,680 --> 00:23:11,160 Hii ni baadhi tu ya simu kipekee kwamba mtu alikuja na kwa ajili yake. 509 00:23:11,160 --> 00:23:13,120 Na ni ndani ya harvard.edu. 510 00:23:13,120 --> 00:23:16,290 Na kwamba ni anwani ya IP ya router kwamba hiyo, tena, pengine katika 511 00:23:16,290 --> 00:23:17,860 Kituo cha Sayansi, misingi ya jina lake. 512 00:23:17,860 --> 00:23:21,440 Hii safu ya pili inawakilisha mwingine router ambayo haina jina la utani 513 00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:23,980 inaonekana - jina jeshi - ni tu ana anwani ya IP. 514 00:23:23,980 --> 00:23:28,070 >> Hivyo muda mrefu hadithi fupi, kupata data kutoka pointi na B, kuna zaidi ya 515 00:23:28,070 --> 00:23:31,400 Router Harvard, na router MIT, na Google router, 516 00:23:31,400 --> 00:23:32,640 na Facebook router. 517 00:23:32,640 --> 00:23:37,300 Kuna kadhaa, mamia, maelfu ya ruta kati ya hatua yoyote na yeyote 518 00:23:37,300 --> 00:23:38,710 uhakika B kwenye mtandao. 519 00:23:38,710 --> 00:23:41,710 Lakini kwa kawaida, unaweza kupata data kutoka hatua moja hadi nyingine katika 520 00:23:41,710 --> 00:23:43,210 wachache kuliko humle 30. 521 00:23:43,210 --> 00:23:47,930 Kwa maneno mengine, wewe tu na mkono data hadi 30 au wachache ruta vile. 522 00:23:47,930 --> 00:23:49,720 Na ni kawaida wengi wachache zaidi ya hiyo. 523 00:23:49,720 --> 00:23:50,970 >> Vizuri, hebu angalia nini kinatokea hapa. 524 00:23:50,970 --> 00:23:54,460 Katika mstari wa tatu, sisi hit router kuitwa Kituo cha Sayansi ya msingi lango 525 00:23:54,460 --> 00:23:56,580 kitu au nyingine. 526 00:23:56,580 --> 00:23:58,970 Katika mstari wa 4, tuna mpaka lango - 527 00:23:58,970 --> 00:24:00,670 hizi ni baadhi tu ya fumbo Vifupisho - 528 00:24:00,670 --> 00:24:02,530 pia ndani ya harvard.edu. 529 00:24:02,530 --> 00:24:04,160 Hapa mwingine lango mpaka. 530 00:24:04,160 --> 00:24:09,070 Na kisha, kwa ghafla, Ho, sisi kuonekana kuwa katika New York City. 531 00:24:09,070 --> 00:24:12,030 >> Hivyo ni zamu nje - na mimi niko katika inferring tu kutoka jina jeshi. 532 00:24:12,030 --> 00:24:12,970 Hii inaweza kuwa kupotosha. 533 00:24:12,970 --> 00:24:13,830 Inaweza kuwa ni chini ya barabara. 534 00:24:13,830 --> 00:24:15,030 Ni ngumu kusema - 535 00:24:15,030 --> 00:24:21,960 lakini hii inaweza kutumika kama ufunuo kwamba umbali mfupi kati ya mbili 536 00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:25,730 pointi kwenye internet ni si lazima line moja kwa moja. 537 00:24:25,730 --> 00:24:29,380 Kama tunafikiri ya mfupi kama ya haraka njia, msongamano angalau 538 00:24:29,380 --> 00:24:32,070 njia, inawezekana kabisa - ingawa hatuwezi kuwa na uhakika - 539 00:24:32,070 --> 00:24:37,090 kwamba data ni kusafiri heshima umbali kati ya safu tano na sita. 540 00:24:37,090 --> 00:24:42,000 >> Sasa kwa bahati mbaya MIT, au mtu, got kidogo binafsi kujihami, na wameweza 541 00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:43,700 ilianza kupuuza maombi yetu. 542 00:24:43,700 --> 00:24:47,380 Ruta wale wamekuwa kimeundwa kupuuza maombi ya fomu ambao ni 543 00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:48,900 wewe, wewe ni nani, wewe ni nani. 544 00:24:48,900 --> 00:24:51,650 Basi hebu angalia kama hatuwezi kufanya hivyo na mtu zaidi ya vyama vya ushirika. 545 00:24:51,650 --> 00:24:56,260 Hivyo Stanford ina desturi nzuri ya kuwa zaidi kidogo ya uwazi. 546 00:24:56,260 --> 00:24:57,820 Basi hebu angalia nini kinatokea hapa. 547 00:24:57,820 --> 00:24:59,080 >> Tena, pretty fumbo. 548 00:24:59,080 --> 00:25:01,040 Lakini sisi kuanza, tena, katika mashine ya chumba katika Sayansi 549 00:25:01,040 --> 00:25:01,990 Center, katika mstari mmoja. 550 00:25:01,990 --> 00:25:02,660 Hivyo kwamba ni vizuri. 551 00:25:02,660 --> 00:25:05,240 Wengi wa seva alifanya jibu, ikiwa ni pamoja na Stanford. 552 00:25:05,240 --> 00:25:07,940 Hivyo taarifa tulikwenda kutoka chumba mashine katika Kituo cha Sayansi, na baadhi ya 553 00:25:07,940 --> 00:25:11,770 bila majina router mahali pengine, na mwingine Kituo cha Sayansi ya lango, na mpaka 554 00:25:11,770 --> 00:25:13,970 gateway, na kisha, kwa kitu hapa - 555 00:25:13,970 --> 00:25:14,620 nox.org. 556 00:25:14,620 --> 00:25:19,330 Hii ni Crossroads Kaskazini, sana maarufu peering uhakika ambapo kura 557 00:25:19,330 --> 00:25:21,080 wa nyaya, kura ya ISPs - 558 00:25:21,080 --> 00:25:23,220 watoa huduma ya hisa - kuungana katika. 559 00:25:23,220 --> 00:25:25,470 Hapa mwingine IP Nameless hapa. 560 00:25:25,470 --> 00:25:27,530 Hapa mwingine server vile. 561 00:25:27,530 --> 00:25:29,910 >> Lakini hii ni ya kuvutia. 562 00:25:29,910 --> 00:25:33,750 Ambapo ni router katika mstari nane, pengine? 563 00:25:33,750 --> 00:25:36,030 Hivyo ni pengine katika Washington, DC. 564 00:25:36,030 --> 00:25:40,290 Na siwezi aina ya shuhudu kwamba hypothesis wakati huu. 565 00:25:40,290 --> 00:25:45,230 Kwa sababu kwa muda gani itachukua sisi kwenda kutoka Kituo cha Sayansi na router hii 566 00:25:45,230 --> 00:25:46,370 katika safu ya saba? 567 00:25:46,370 --> 00:25:49,820 Naam, haya milisekunde vipimo juu ya upande wa kulia hapa ni 568 00:25:49,820 --> 00:25:51,960 makadirio ya wakati huo. 569 00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:54,610 >> Kuna tatu wao kwa sababu mpango, traceroute, anajaribu kila 570 00:25:54,610 --> 00:25:58,010 router mara tatu, ili tu unaweza kupata wastani Visual wa idadi. 571 00:25:58,010 --> 00:26:00,230 Lakini inaonekana inachukua sita milisekunde kupata 572 00:26:00,230 --> 00:26:01,840 kwa mstari router saba ya. 573 00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:05,470 Lakini jinsi ya kufunga unaweza, inaonekana, wewe kusafiri, kama wewe ni kidogo, kati ya 574 00:26:05,470 --> 00:26:09,520 Boston na Washington DC? 575 00:26:09,520 --> 00:26:14,180 14 milisekunde ni muda mrefu kama inachukua kwa kuwa ujumbe wa papo, kwa kuwa 576 00:26:14,180 --> 00:26:18,870 barua pepe, kwa kuwa ombi la mtandao ukurasa wa kusafiri kati ya hapa na Washington DC. 577 00:26:18,870 --> 00:26:23,970 >> Kama mimi kwenda zaidi, na router namba 10, mji gani mimi inaonekana katika sasa? 578 00:26:23,970 --> 00:26:24,810 Hivyo, Houston. 579 00:26:24,810 --> 00:26:27,350 Na hii ni corroborated na kuruka kwa wakati. 580 00:26:27,350 --> 00:26:28,730 Ni kweli polepole kupata Houston. 581 00:26:28,730 --> 00:26:33,960 Inachukua milisekunde 47 kupata kutoka Boston kwa Houston katika kesi hii. 582 00:26:33,960 --> 00:26:37,120 Na kama sisi kuangalia zaidi, LAX - 583 00:26:37,120 --> 00:26:41,430 inaonekana kama sisi ni kupata na Stanford aina ya njia hii, kwa kwenda kwa njia LA. 584 00:26:41,430 --> 00:26:43,170 Lakini nina inferring kwamba kutoka LAX. 585 00:26:43,170 --> 00:26:46,390 geeks huwa kutumia namba ya uwanja wa ndege kwa ruta majina hapa. 586 00:26:46,390 --> 00:26:48,600 Na hii ni aina ya thabiti na dhana kwamba. 587 00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:50,260 82 milliseconds. 588 00:26:50,260 --> 00:26:54,720 >> Basi, sisi inaonekana kwenda kwa mwingine LAX, mwingine LA router na kisha, baadhi ya 589 00:26:54,720 --> 00:26:59,530 Nameless mmoja, na kisha hatimaye, cryptic jina kwenye mtandao Stanford, au 590 00:26:59,530 --> 00:27:04,670 karibu lazimishwa, stanford.edu, ni 90 milisekunde mbali, au 6 591 00:27:04,670 --> 00:27:06,170 pamoja na masaa kwa ndege. 592 00:27:06,170 --> 00:27:09,360 Hivyo hii ni jinsi ya data kufunga safari kwenye mtandao. 593 00:27:09,360 --> 00:27:11,410 Na ni mambo sisi kabisa kuchukua kwa nafasi siku hizi. 594 00:27:11,410 --> 00:27:13,950 Wakati wewe ni kuwa baadhi Gchat na mtu, na ujumbe ni tu 595 00:27:13,950 --> 00:27:16,940 kuonekana, fikiria tu jinsi kasi kwamba kinachofanyika. 596 00:27:16,940 --> 00:27:21,540 Na kuibua, ni kweli yanatokea katika aina hiyo ya kiwango. 597 00:27:21,540 --> 00:27:25,620 >> Hivyo kati ya pointi moja na 18, katika kesi hii, kuna 598 00:27:25,620 --> 00:27:26,890 mambo badala ya ruta. 599 00:27:26,890 --> 00:27:30,140 Je, ni baadhi ya mashine kwenye mtandao kwamba wanaweza kuzuia trafiki 600 00:27:30,140 --> 00:27:31,610 kutoka kupata njia? 601 00:27:31,610 --> 00:27:31,950 >> MWANAFUNZI: mpenyo. 602 00:27:31,950 --> 00:27:32,910 >> SPIKA 1: Basi, mpenyo. 603 00:27:32,910 --> 00:27:36,260 Na tuna mpenyo binafsi vile kwamba Mac au PC yako mwenyewe unaweza kuweka 604 00:27:36,260 --> 00:27:37,540 trafiki ndani au nje. 605 00:27:37,540 --> 00:27:38,990 Harvard ana mpenyo. 606 00:27:38,990 --> 00:27:40,820 MIT labda ana mpenyo. 607 00:27:40,820 --> 00:27:44,400 Na Stanford haina, kama kufanya yote ya hisa watoa huduma ambao wenyewe 608 00:27:44,400 --> 00:27:49,260 haya ruta katika kati ya pointi na B. Lakini gani milele kuacha kufikiria, 609 00:27:49,260 --> 00:27:52,710 au huduma, jinsi firewall kazi. 610 00:27:52,710 --> 00:27:56,380 Vizuri tayari, tuna jengo msingi vitalu na ambayo kwa mhandisi 611 00:27:56,380 --> 00:27:57,700 kwamba jibu. 612 00:27:57,700 --> 00:27:59,090 >> Kama ungekuwa firewall - 613 00:27:59,090 --> 00:28:03,740 na hebu tuseme kwamba wewe ni mahali fulani kati ya uhakika A na B. hatua 614 00:28:03,740 --> 00:28:06,080 cable ni kuja ndani yenu, na kwenda nje ya wewe. 615 00:28:06,080 --> 00:28:11,160 Hivyo una uwezo wa kiteknolojia kuangalia yote ya bahasha ya 616 00:28:11,160 --> 00:28:14,200 habari kwamba ni inapita kati ya wewe na mtu mwingine. 617 00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:17,280 Kwa maneno mengine, wale ujumbe wa kupata nilikuwa manually kuandika, unaweza kufikiria 618 00:28:17,280 --> 00:28:21,060 yao kama kuandika kumbuka haraka kwa mtu, kuweka anwani ya IP ya 619 00:28:21,060 --> 00:28:24,810 mpokeaji, na idadi ya bandari ya mpokeaji, juu ya bahasha hii, basi, 620 00:28:24,810 --> 00:28:28,520 kuandika IP yako mwenyewe na anuani yako mwenyewe bandari ya simu katika mkono juu kushoto 621 00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:30,230 kona kama wewe ungekuwa barua. 622 00:28:30,230 --> 00:28:32,520 Basi, wewe kutuma nje wirelessly. 623 00:28:32,520 --> 00:28:37,130 Na ni kwa namna fulani husafiri, kupitia ruta, kupitia waya, wirelessly, 624 00:28:37,130 --> 00:28:39,190 chini ya barabara ya MIT. 625 00:28:39,190 --> 00:28:43,520 >> Hivyo kama wewe ni firewall, jinsi ya kufanya wewe kuacha kwamba kutoka yanatokea? 626 00:28:43,520 --> 00:28:49,710 Ungefanya nini kama p yako ijayo kuweka alikuwa kutekeleza firewall? 627 00:28:49,710 --> 00:28:53,980 Je, mimi kuacha watu wote kutoka Harvard milele kuzungumza na mit watu tena? 628 00:28:53,980 --> 00:28:55,870 >> [? MWANAFUNZI: Wewe] kubadili barua?. 629 00:28:55,870 --> 00:28:56,450 >> SPIKA 1: Wewe nini? 630 00:28:56,450 --> 00:28:58,140 >> [? MWANAFUNZI: Reverse]? barua mapema. 631 00:28:58,140 --> 00:28:59,290 >> SPIKA 1: Reverse barua - nini maana? 632 00:28:59,290 --> 00:29:01,130 >> [? MWANAFUNZI: Send] yake? nyuma kwa mtumaji. 633 00:29:01,130 --> 00:29:01,780 >> SPIKA 1: Send nyuma. 634 00:29:01,780 --> 00:29:01,990 OK. 635 00:29:01,990 --> 00:29:05,720 Hivyo unaweza kukataa virtual bahasha, aina ya kwa kufanya kurudi 636 00:29:05,720 --> 00:29:06,660 mtumaji kwa namna fulani. 637 00:29:06,660 --> 00:29:08,370 Hivyo uhakika, kwamba ni nini tunataka kufikia. 638 00:29:08,370 --> 00:29:09,440 Lakini hebu mbizi undani kidogo. 639 00:29:09,440 --> 00:29:10,460 Je, mimi kufanya hivyo? 640 00:29:10,460 --> 00:29:13,950 >> Kama pembejeo na tatizo hili - kama mimi nina firewall, na mimi nina ufanisi 641 00:29:13,950 --> 00:29:18,020 amesimama kati ya pointi na B, na Mimi ni mtu katikati kwamba anapata kuangalia 642 00:29:18,020 --> 00:29:21,240 ndani ya bahasha hii, na kisha kuamua kama kutuma nyuma 643 00:29:21,240 --> 00:29:25,030 Harvard au kuruhusu kuendelea, nini ni mimi, firewall, naenda 644 00:29:25,030 --> 00:29:26,280 kutaka kuangalia? 645 00:29:26,280 --> 00:29:29,030 646 00:29:29,030 --> 00:29:29,975 >> Nadhani habari hiyo hapa. 647 00:29:29,975 --> 00:29:30,550 >> [? MWANAFUNZI: wapi ni] kuja kutoka?. 648 00:29:30,550 --> 00:29:32,360 >> SPIKA 1: wapi ni kuja kutoka. 649 00:29:32,360 --> 00:29:36,410 Hivyo kama chanzo IP anwani - idadi kidogo juu hapa - 650 00:29:36,410 --> 00:29:38,430 ni mali ya IP Harvard - 651 00:29:38,430 --> 00:29:40,220 na mimi unaweza kweli kujua kwamba na uwezekano mkubwa. 652 00:29:40,220 --> 00:29:45,540 Zaidi ya anwani ya IP Harvard wa kuanza na 140.247 dot dot kitu 653 00:29:45,540 --> 00:29:48,810 kitu, au 128.103 dot kitu dot kitu. 654 00:29:48,810 --> 00:29:51,450 Harvard anamiliki chunks wale ya anwani ya IP. 655 00:29:51,450 --> 00:29:55,200 >> Naam, kama mimi kuona anwani kwamba IP kama mtumaji, naweza tu kutuma nyuma. 656 00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:57,380 Katika hali halisi, internet haina bother kupoteza muda 657 00:29:57,380 --> 00:29:58,460 kutuma bits nyuma. 658 00:29:58,460 --> 00:30:02,480 Ni tu halisi matone pakiti kwa kufuta hiyo, kwa ufanisi. 659 00:30:02,480 --> 00:30:04,190 Hivyo kile kingine naweza kuangalia ingawa? 660 00:30:04,190 --> 00:30:10,520 Tuseme kwamba nataka basi watu katika Harvard ziara mit.edu, na kuvuta 661 00:30:10,520 --> 00:30:13,230 Nje, na kuangalia video katika MIT, na kama. 662 00:30:13,230 --> 00:30:17,970 Lakini mimi sitaki binadamu katika Harvard emailing mtu yeyote katika MIT. 663 00:30:17,970 --> 00:30:23,810 Jinsi gani mimi kuruhusu trafiki kutoka Harvard kwa MIT, kupitia mtandao, lakini disallow 664 00:30:23,810 --> 00:30:24,700 kitu kama barua pepe? 665 00:30:24,700 --> 00:30:25,840 >> [? MWANAFUNZI:?] Bandari ya simu. 666 00:30:25,840 --> 00:30:28,650 >> SPIKA 1: idadi bandari - kwamba ni nyingine tu kingo tuna. 667 00:30:28,650 --> 00:30:31,880 Tuna anwani ya IP, ambayo sisi tu leveraged, au tuna bandari ya simu, 668 00:30:31,880 --> 00:30:34,870 ambapo 80, sisi alisema, kipekee kubainisha mtandao trafiki. 669 00:30:34,870 --> 00:30:37,430 Sasa mimi bila kutarajia wewe kujua hii - baadhi ya unaweza tayari kujua 670 00:30:37,430 --> 00:30:38,210 kutoka uzoefu - 671 00:30:38,210 --> 00:30:41,860 nini idadi hiyo ni kutumika kwa barua pepe, kwa kawaida? 672 00:30:41,860 --> 00:30:43,080 Ni mara nyingi 25. 673 00:30:43,080 --> 00:30:48,520 25 inahusu SMTP, ambayo ni pepe uhamisho itifaki ya kwamba unaweza kuwa na 674 00:30:48,520 --> 00:30:51,270 alikuwa na kuanzisha wakati fulani, kama wewe ni kutumia Eudora, au Outlook, au 675 00:30:51,270 --> 00:30:52,120 kitu kama hicho. 676 00:30:52,120 --> 00:30:53,190 Ni mwingine tu idadi - 677 00:30:53,190 --> 00:30:54,100 25. 678 00:30:54,100 --> 00:30:58,934 >> Telnet, ambayo sisi walikuwa kutumia kabla, anatumia 23. 679 00:30:58,934 --> 00:30:59,770 FTP - 680 00:30:59,770 --> 00:31:03,750 faili uhamisho itifaki, kama wameweza milele kusikia ya kwamba mmoja - inatumia 21. 681 00:31:03,750 --> 00:31:07,430 HTTPS, toleo salama wa HTTP, ambayo tutaweza kurudi 682 00:31:07,430 --> 00:31:10,130 kabla ya muda mrefu, anatumia 443. 683 00:31:10,130 --> 00:31:14,240 Hivyo dunia ina rundo zima la idadi ya kwamba correlate pakiti - 684 00:31:14,240 --> 00:31:17,760 badala yake, correlate huduma kwa wale idadi halisi. 685 00:31:17,760 --> 00:31:19,400 Hivyo kwamba ni firewall wote ni kufanya. 686 00:31:19,400 --> 00:31:23,330 Ni kuchukua kuangalia ndani ya hii virtual bahasha, na kisha kuamua Naam au siyo 687 00:31:23,330 --> 00:31:26,230 kwa mbele pamoja, msingi juu ya wale viungo. 688 00:31:26,230 --> 00:31:29,720 >> Sasa nini inaweza Harvard wazi kufanya kupata zamani firewall hii basi? 689 00:31:29,720 --> 00:31:33,620 Kama unataka kuwa na uwezo wa kutuma ujumbe kwa mit lakini si kuwa wanaona, 690 00:31:33,620 --> 00:31:38,050 vizuri, unaweza spoof anwani yako ya IP, na kwa namna fulani tu kuwa dhana ya kutosha, kujua 691 00:31:38,050 --> 00:31:41,400 jinsi ya kuandika C kificho, na kuandika mwenyewe mtandao wa mpango kwamba mabadiliko ya 692 00:31:41,400 --> 00:31:41,860 kampuni ya anwani. 693 00:31:41,860 --> 00:31:45,820 Tatizo ni unaweza kabisa kutuma data anonymously, lakini kama unataka 694 00:31:45,820 --> 00:31:49,850 kupata aina yoyote ya jibu, kama kuona MIT Mzee, ni wazi, hii anwani 695 00:31:49,850 --> 00:31:50,870 mahitaji ya kuwa sahihi. 696 00:31:50,870 --> 00:31:52,780 Vinginevyo, unaweza kusema kitu unataka, wewe si kwenda kwa 697 00:31:52,780 --> 00:31:53,930 kusikia nyuma kutoka kwao. 698 00:31:53,930 --> 00:31:57,130 Lakini hizi ni moja tu ya aina ya mashambulizi ya kwamba tunaweza kutuma. 699 00:31:57,130 --> 00:31:59,240 >> Lakini zinageuka wakati sisi kutuma hizi ujumbe - na basi la kufanya 700 00:31:59,240 --> 00:32:00,485 Mfano wa hili. 701 00:32:00,485 --> 00:32:04,020 Ni zamu nje, kama nina ujumbe kwamba Nataka kupeleka, siyo tu alimtuma katika 702 00:32:04,020 --> 00:32:04,920 moja bahasha. 703 00:32:04,920 --> 00:32:08,760 Kwa ajili ya ufanisi, hasa wakati files wewe ni kuomba au 704 00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:13,570 wewe ni kupata majibu ni kubwa hasa, nini TCP/IP-- 705 00:32:13,570 --> 00:32:16,330 Itifaki ya Kudhibiti Urushaji / Internet Itifaki - ni tu dhana 706 00:32:16,330 --> 00:32:19,630 njia ya kusema kile mitandao programu ya kompyuta na kufanya - ni wao 707 00:32:19,630 --> 00:32:23,770 kuchukua ujumbe kama hii, na wao ukate juu katika vipande - 708 00:32:23,770 --> 00:32:25,540 hebu sema vipande vinne. 709 00:32:25,540 --> 00:32:29,740 >> Na kama mimi sasa kata hii juu katika hapa, kata hii juu katika hapa, nini wangu 710 00:32:29,740 --> 00:32:34,270 kompyuta ni kisha kwenda kufanya ni ni kwenda kuchukua kipande moja na kuiweka 711 00:32:34,270 --> 00:32:35,700 katika bahasha. 712 00:32:35,700 --> 00:32:39,130 713 00:32:39,130 --> 00:32:41,100 Haki zote, na napenda kupata - 714 00:32:41,100 --> 00:32:41,630 hebu angalia. 715 00:32:41,630 --> 00:32:43,150 Ni kwenda kuchukua moja. 716 00:32:43,150 --> 00:32:46,490 Ni kwenda kuchukua mwingine bahasha, na ni kwenda kuweka sehemu ya pili 717 00:32:46,490 --> 00:32:49,530 ya ujumbe huu katika hapa. 718 00:32:49,530 --> 00:32:51,370 Wote haki. 719 00:32:51,370 --> 00:32:55,226 Ni kwenda kuchukua tatu sehemu, kuiweka katika hapa. 720 00:32:55,226 --> 00:32:57,410 Labda wakati ujao tutaweza tu kufanya sehemu mbili. 721 00:32:57,410 --> 00:33:00,010 Na tutaweza kuchukua sehemu ya nne, na kuiweka katika hapa. 722 00:33:00,010 --> 00:33:02,140 >> Na nini, sasa, ina kuwa imeandikwa juu ya haya bahasha - 723 00:33:02,140 --> 00:33:04,700 ambayo tutaweza kujifanya kufanya, kwa mara ya ajili, na si kweli kuandika nje. 724 00:33:04,700 --> 00:33:07,760 Nini mahitaji ya kuwa imeandikwa juu ya kila mmoja haya bahasha nne, pamoja na ujumbe wangu 725 00:33:07,760 --> 00:33:08,320 kwa mtu? 726 00:33:08,320 --> 00:33:09,290 >> [? MWANAFUNZI:] ili?. 727 00:33:09,290 --> 00:33:10,270 >> SPIKA 1: Hivyo, utaratibu. 728 00:33:10,270 --> 00:33:13,740 Nahitaji si tu anwani ya IP na bandari ya idadi, kama sisi tu kujadiliwa, mimi 729 00:33:13,740 --> 00:33:17,606 sasa haja ya simu mlolongo wa aina fulani kusema, hii ni pakiti moja, hii 730 00:33:17,606 --> 00:33:19,840 ni mbili, hii ni tatu, hii ni nne. 731 00:33:19,840 --> 00:33:20,980 Na hii ni kweli ni muhimu. 732 00:33:20,980 --> 00:33:23,690 Kwa sababu internet, ni zamu nje, ni kweli pretty uhakika. 733 00:33:23,690 --> 00:33:26,080 Ruta wanaweza kupata msongamano. 734 00:33:26,080 --> 00:33:27,615 Nyaya wanaweza kupata kuzidiwa - 735 00:33:27,615 --> 00:33:28,860 kurahisisha - 736 00:33:28,860 --> 00:33:32,650 lakini, pamoja na bits kwamba vile kile ruta kufanya ni tone tu pakiti. 737 00:33:32,650 --> 00:33:35,540 >> Kwa maneno mengine, kama internet ni tu kweli msongamano, unaweza kupata 738 00:33:35,540 --> 00:33:37,000 tatu kati ya pakiti wale wanne. 739 00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:40,000 Lakini kama una kitambulisho kipekee juu ya kila mmoja wao, wewe utakuwa kujua kwamba wewe ni 740 00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:42,510 kukosa pakiti namba nne ya nne. 741 00:33:42,510 --> 00:33:45,310 Hivyo unaweza kuuliza guy katika mengine mwisho wa kutuma upya yake. 742 00:33:45,310 --> 00:33:47,900 Lakini kuchukua kwamba haina kutokea, hebu angalia nini kinaweza kutokea. 743 00:33:47,900 --> 00:33:50,780 >> Hivyo kama mimi unataka kutuma ujumbe kwa - ambao ungependa kupokea ujumbe wangu 744 00:33:50,780 --> 00:33:52,235 kutoka katika mtandao? 745 00:33:52,235 --> 00:33:53,630 Vipi kuhusu mtu wa karibu juu mbele. 746 00:33:53,630 --> 00:33:55,490 Brian, ni? 747 00:33:55,490 --> 00:33:56,430 Wote haki. 748 00:33:56,430 --> 00:33:57,280 Wewe kukaa huko. 749 00:33:57,280 --> 00:33:58,820 Mimi naenda kukutumia. 750 00:33:58,820 --> 00:34:01,100 Na kitu kuhusu internet ni kwamba waweze hata 751 00:34:01,100 --> 00:34:02,020 kufuata njia hiyo. 752 00:34:02,020 --> 00:34:02,990 >> Hivyo hapa mimi kwenda. 753 00:34:02,990 --> 00:34:06,470 Mimi kutuma ujumbe, kipande moja ya nne. 754 00:34:06,470 --> 00:34:06,940 Kuwa router. 755 00:34:06,940 --> 00:34:08,469 Tu basi watu wengine kukabiliana nayo. 756 00:34:08,469 --> 00:34:10,310 Kuna kwenda. 757 00:34:10,310 --> 00:34:12,790 Tutaweza kutoa hii na wewe, na tutaweza kutoa hii na wewe. 758 00:34:12,790 --> 00:34:14,000 Na tutaweza kuona jinsi ya haraka - 759 00:34:14,000 --> 00:34:16,500 wangapi milisekunde inachukua kupata ujumbe huu kwa Brian. 760 00:34:16,500 --> 00:34:20,820 761 00:34:20,820 --> 00:34:23,940 Kila mtu anapata kushiriki leo. 762 00:34:23,940 --> 00:34:25,130 Wote haki. 763 00:34:25,130 --> 00:34:27,130 Brian ina moja, na wawili. 764 00:34:27,130 --> 00:34:29,279 Kama mtu anataka kuwa - 765 00:34:29,279 --> 00:34:30,230 >> [? MWANAFUNZI: zote nne. ?] 766 00:34:30,230 --> 00:34:30,980 >> SPIKA 1: Yeye ana zote nne. 767 00:34:30,980 --> 00:34:32,480 Hivyo hakuna mtu alichagua kuacha pakiti. 768 00:34:32,480 --> 00:34:32,900 Hiyo ni baridi. 769 00:34:32,900 --> 00:34:33,330 Hiyo ni sawa. 770 00:34:33,330 --> 00:34:34,380 Hivyo Brian sasa ina zote nne. 771 00:34:34,380 --> 00:34:36,219 Kama unataka kwenda mbele na reassemble wale kwa ajili yetu. 772 00:34:36,219 --> 00:34:39,360 773 00:34:39,360 --> 00:34:40,320 Najua, sisi ni kujifanya. 774 00:34:40,320 --> 00:34:45,090 Hivyo kwa sababu wakati wa - 775 00:34:45,090 --> 00:34:45,929 tuna nne. 776 00:34:45,929 --> 00:34:48,909 Hivyo, OK, kufungua mmoja wao. 777 00:34:48,909 --> 00:34:49,360 OK. 778 00:34:49,360 --> 00:34:51,699 Hiyo ni moja ya nne ya ujumbe wangu kwenu. 779 00:34:51,699 --> 00:34:52,949 Sasa, kufungua pili. 780 00:34:52,949 --> 00:34:58,190 781 00:34:58,190 --> 00:35:01,985 Hii inaweza kuwa funny, mwisho, mimi tu na Brian. 782 00:35:01,985 --> 00:35:04,320 Haki wote, nimepata mbili. 783 00:35:04,320 --> 00:35:09,110 >> Hivyo katika huo huo, sisi kimwili alifanya hii kwa mkasi, lakini yote ni 784 00:35:09,110 --> 00:35:12,360 inachukua kipande mambo haya katika kompyuta ni ya kupeleka baadhi ya 785 00:35:12,360 --> 00:35:15,930 bits katika pakiti moja, katika moja virtual bahasha, baadhi ya sarafu katika 786 00:35:15,930 --> 00:35:19,160 mwingine, baadhi katika mwingine, na baadhi katika nne, na kisha, basi kompyuta 787 00:35:19,160 --> 00:35:21,570 kuamua, kulingana na wale idadi, katika utaratibu gani una 788 00:35:21,570 --> 00:35:24,166 kwa concatenate yao. 789 00:35:24,166 --> 00:35:26,270 Na Brian, labda, tu moja kwamba unaweza kuona hili. 790 00:35:26,270 --> 00:35:29,010 ujumbe nimetuma kwa ubongo - kwa sababu ya Bila shaka, internet ni kujazwa na 791 00:35:29,010 --> 00:35:30,260 hizi, ni - 792 00:35:30,260 --> 00:35:33,080 793 00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:34,500 ndiyo. 794 00:35:34,500 --> 00:35:35,330 >> Hivyo kwamba ni ujumbe. 795 00:35:35,330 --> 00:35:36,700 Na Brian unaweza hutegemea kwamba sasa. 796 00:35:36,700 --> 00:35:38,640 Hivyo alichukua, ni wazi, wakati wa kufanya hivyo. 797 00:35:38,640 --> 00:35:41,680 Lakini hiyo ni kweli kile kinachotokea, kama routing data kwa njia ya 798 00:35:41,680 --> 00:35:43,290 watazamaji kwa njia hii. 799 00:35:43,290 --> 00:35:47,320 Lakini kuna, tena, idadi ya pointi, ruta, ngome, na nyingine 800 00:35:47,320 --> 00:35:50,700 mambo kama hayo kati ya pointi na Na B. badala tu ya hadithi 801 00:35:50,700 --> 00:35:54,740 maneno, nilifikiri ningependa vuta hadi hii video kwamba baadhi ya marafiki zetu, kutoka 802 00:35:54,740 --> 00:35:59,510 Erikson, miaka ya nyuma, kwa kweli kuweka pamoja kwamba anaelezea 803 00:35:59,510 --> 00:36:00,480 jinsi hii matendo yote. 804 00:36:00,480 --> 00:36:02,380 Na ni juu ya 10 au hivyo dakika ya muda mrefu. 805 00:36:02,380 --> 00:36:04,065 Basi hebu kukupa, sasa, Warriors ya Net. 806 00:36:04,065 --> 00:36:09,282 807 00:36:09,282 --> 00:37:09,720 >> [Halisi kucheza] 808 00:37:09,720 --> 00:37:14,990 >> NARRATOR: Kwa mara ya kwanza katika historia, watu na mashine ni 809 00:37:14,990 --> 00:37:18,600 kufanya kazi pamoja, kwa kutambua ndoto - 810 00:37:18,600 --> 00:37:22,550 nguvu kuunganisha kwamba anajua hakuna kijiografia mipaka, bila ya 811 00:37:22,550 --> 00:37:26,050 kuzingatia kwa jamii, rangi imani, au - 812 00:37:26,050 --> 00:37:31,000 enzi mpya ambapo mawasiliano kweli huleta watu pamoja. 813 00:37:31,000 --> 00:37:34,420 Hii ni alfajiri ya wavu. 814 00:37:34,420 --> 00:37:38,240 815 00:37:38,240 --> 00:37:40,070 Unataka kujua jinsi kazi? 816 00:37:40,070 --> 00:37:44,605 Bonyeza hapa kwa kuanza yako safari katika wavu. 817 00:37:44,605 --> 00:37:47,930 818 00:37:47,930 --> 00:37:51,080 >> Sasa nini hasa kilichotokea wakati clicked juu ya kiungo kwamba? 819 00:37:51,080 --> 00:37:53,320 Wewe kuanza mtiririko wa habari. 820 00:37:53,320 --> 00:37:56,950 Habari hii husafiri chini ndani yako binafsi pepe chumba, wakati Mheshimiwa 821 00:37:56,950 --> 00:38:01,805 Fedha za IP yake, maandiko hayo, na kurejesha katika njia yake. 822 00:38:01,805 --> 00:38:03,790 >> Kila pakiti ni mdogo katika ukubwa wake. 823 00:38:03,790 --> 00:38:08,010 chumba pepe lazima kuamua jinsi ya kugawanya habari, na jinsi ya 824 00:38:08,010 --> 00:38:09,170 kufunga yake. 825 00:38:09,170 --> 00:38:13,390 Sasa mfuko inahitaji studio zenye muhimu vile habari 826 00:38:13,390 --> 00:38:19,492 kama anwani mtumaji, anwani receiver ya, na aina ya pakiti ni. 827 00:38:19,492 --> 00:38:34,940 828 00:38:34,940 --> 00:38:38,680 >> Kwa sababu hii pakiti hasa ni kwenda nje kwenye mtandao, pia 829 00:38:38,680 --> 00:38:42,570 anapata anuani kwa seva wakala, ambayo ina kazi maalum, 830 00:38:42,570 --> 00:38:44,410 kama tutaweza kuona baadaye. 831 00:38:44,410 --> 00:38:50,070 pakiti sasa ilizindua kwenye yako ndani ya eneo mtandao, au LAN. 832 00:38:50,070 --> 00:38:53,990 Mtandao huu ni kutumika kuunganisha kila kompyuta za mitaa, ruta, 833 00:38:53,990 --> 00:38:57,940 Printers, nakadhalika kwa habari kubadilishana ndani ya kuta ya kimwili ya 834 00:38:57,940 --> 00:38:59,160 jengo. 835 00:38:59,160 --> 00:39:04,130 LAN ni mahali pretty ulafi, na kwa bahati mbaya, ajali 836 00:39:04,130 --> 00:39:05,425 yanaweza kutokea. 837 00:39:05,425 --> 00:39:14,460 838 00:39:14,460 --> 00:39:18,050 >> barabara kuu ya LAN ni packed na kila aina ya habari. 839 00:39:18,050 --> 00:39:22,070 Hizi ni IP pakiti, Novell, pakiti AppleTalk pakiti - 840 00:39:22,070 --> 00:39:24,500 wao ni kwenda kinyume trafiki, kama kawaida. 841 00:39:24,500 --> 00:39:29,250 router mitaa wasomaji kushughulikia na, kama ni lazima, akanyanyua pakiti kwenye 842 00:39:29,250 --> 00:39:31,710 mtandao mwingine. 843 00:39:31,710 --> 00:39:33,570 Ah, router - 844 00:39:33,570 --> 00:39:37,490 ishara ya udhibiti katika inaonekana disorganized dunia. 845 00:39:37,490 --> 00:39:38,480 >> Router: Whoops, pole juu ya hilo. 846 00:39:38,480 --> 00:39:39,965 Hebu kuweka hii moja hapa, hii moja hapa. 847 00:39:39,965 --> 00:39:40,460 Hii hatua ya hapa. 848 00:39:40,460 --> 00:39:40,955 Hii hatua moja hapa. 849 00:39:40,955 --> 00:39:41,945 Mimi si kama huyu. 850 00:39:41,945 --> 00:39:42,935 Hebu hoja hii moja. 851 00:39:42,935 --> 00:39:43,925 Hii moja inakwenda hapa. 852 00:39:43,925 --> 00:39:45,410 [Inaudible] 853 00:39:45,410 --> 00:39:46,400 Kuweka mwingine jangle hapa. 854 00:39:46,400 --> 00:39:46,895 Hebu kuweka hii moja hapa. 855 00:39:46,895 --> 00:39:47,885 Nah, nitakwenda na kwamba. 856 00:39:47,885 --> 00:39:48,700 Hebu kuweka kwamba mtu hapa. 857 00:39:48,700 --> 00:39:49,930 >> NARRATOR: Kuna yeye ni - 858 00:39:49,930 --> 00:39:55,770 utaratibu, asiyejali, methodical, kihafidhina, na wakati mwingine, sio kabisa 859 00:39:55,770 --> 00:39:56,975 juu kwa kasi. 860 00:39:56,975 --> 00:40:00,090 Lakini angalau yeye ni halisi, kwa sehemu kubwa. 861 00:40:00,090 --> 00:40:01,243 >> Router: Weka kwamba mtu zaidi ya hapo. 862 00:40:01,243 --> 00:40:04,694 Kwamba mmoja anakwenda, kwamba moja huenda huko, na moja hii inakwenda huko. 863 00:40:04,694 --> 00:40:05,680 Naam, mtu mwingine huenda huko. 864 00:40:05,680 --> 00:40:06,173 Kwamba huenda hapa. 865 00:40:06,173 --> 00:40:07,423 [Inaudible] 866 00:40:07,423 --> 00:40:14,570 867 00:40:14,570 --> 00:40:18,670 >> NARRATOR: pakiti kuondoka router, wao kufanya njia zao katika 868 00:40:18,670 --> 00:40:24,090 kampuni intranet na kichwa kwa ajili ya kubadili router. 869 00:40:24,090 --> 00:40:28,120 kidogo ufanisi zaidi kuliko router, kubadili router ina kasi na huru 870 00:40:28,120 --> 00:40:31,970 na pakiti ya IP, deftly routing yao pamoja njia yao - 871 00:40:31,970 --> 00:40:34,720 digital Pinball mchawi, kama wewe. 872 00:40:34,720 --> 00:40:35,290 >> Router WASHA: Hapa sisi kwenda. 873 00:40:35,290 --> 00:40:36,020 Hapa anakuja mtu mwingine. 874 00:40:36,020 --> 00:40:36,950 Na ni mwingine. 875 00:40:36,950 --> 00:40:37,406 Kuangalia hii, mama. 876 00:40:37,406 --> 00:40:38,320 Hapa unaendelea. 877 00:40:38,320 --> 00:40:39,235 Whoop, kuzunguka nyuma. 878 00:40:39,235 --> 00:40:40,660 Hey, huko, huko. 879 00:40:40,660 --> 00:40:41,135 Juu ya wa kushoto. 880 00:40:41,135 --> 00:40:42,090 Juu ya haki. 881 00:40:42,090 --> 00:40:42,480 Juu ya wa kushoto. 882 00:40:42,480 --> 00:40:42,820 Juu ya haki. 883 00:40:42,820 --> 00:40:43,490 Got it. 884 00:40:43,490 --> 00:40:43,800 Hiyo inakuja. 885 00:40:43,800 --> 00:40:45,170 Shina, yeye alama. 886 00:40:45,170 --> 00:40:45,860 Ni kwenda. 887 00:40:45,860 --> 00:40:48,270 Hey Wayne, kuangalia nje, hapa anakuja mwingine mmoja. 888 00:40:48,270 --> 00:40:49,520 Oh, hapa sisi kwenda. 889 00:40:49,520 --> 00:40:52,920 890 00:40:52,920 --> 00:40:56,330 >> NARRATOR: pakiti kufika katika zao marudio, wao ni ilichukua na 891 00:40:56,330 --> 00:41:01,250 mtandao interface, tayari kuwa kutumwa kwa ngazi ya pili - 892 00:41:01,250 --> 00:41:04,340 katika kesi hii, wakala. 893 00:41:04,340 --> 00:41:08,750 wakala kutumiwa na makampuni mengi kama aina ya mtu katikati ili 894 00:41:08,750 --> 00:41:11,570 kupunguza mzigo kwenye mtandao wao uhusiano, na kwa ajili ya 895 00:41:11,570 --> 00:41:15,350 sababu za usalama pia. 896 00:41:15,350 --> 00:41:19,420 Kama unaweza kuona, pakiti yote ni ya ukubwa mbalimbali, 897 00:41:19,420 --> 00:41:21,770 kutegemea juu ya bidhaa zao. 898 00:41:21,770 --> 00:41:37,960 899 00:41:37,960 --> 00:41:45,110 >> wakala kuufungua pakiti na inaonekana kwa anuani ya mtandao, au URL. 900 00:41:45,110 --> 00:41:49,500 Kutegemeana kama anwani ni kukubalika, pakiti ni kutumwa kwenye 901 00:41:49,500 --> 00:41:50,750 internet. 902 00:41:50,750 --> 00:41:56,940 903 00:41:56,940 --> 00:42:01,970 >> Kuna, hata hivyo, baadhi ya anwani ambayo wala kukutana kwa idhini ya 904 00:42:01,970 --> 00:42:03,090 wakala - 905 00:42:03,090 --> 00:42:05,893 kwamba ni kusema, au ushirika usimamizi wa miongozo. 906 00:42:05,893 --> 00:42:09,100 907 00:42:09,100 --> 00:42:13,710 Hizi ni papo kushughulikiwa. 908 00:42:13,710 --> 00:42:15,620 Tutaweza kuwa hakuna wa kwamba. 909 00:42:15,620 --> 00:42:19,227 Kwa wale ambao kufanya hivyo, ni juu ya barabara tena. 910 00:42:19,227 --> 00:42:29,950 911 00:42:29,950 --> 00:42:32,313 >> Next up, firewall. 912 00:42:32,313 --> 00:42:36,500 913 00:42:36,500 --> 00:42:40,225 firewall ushirika mtumishi madhumuni ya mbili. 914 00:42:40,225 --> 00:42:44,350 Ni kuzuia baadhi ya mambo badala nasty kutoka internet kuja katika 915 00:42:44,350 --> 00:42:48,460 intranet, na inaweza pia kuzuia nyeti ushirika habari kutoka 916 00:42:48,460 --> 00:42:53,380 tumwa kwenye mtandao. 917 00:42:53,380 --> 00:42:57,340 >> Mara baada ya kupitia firewall, router inaongea pakiti na sehemu yake kwenye 918 00:42:57,340 --> 00:43:01,216 barabara nyembamba sana, au Bandwidth, kama sisi kusema. 919 00:43:01,216 --> 00:43:06,830 Ni wazi, barabara si mpana kutosha kuchukua yao wote. 920 00:43:06,830 --> 00:43:10,870 >> Sasa unaweza kushangaa kwa nini kinatokea kwa kila wale pakiti ambayo hatuwezi kufanya hivyo 921 00:43:10,870 --> 00:43:11,950 njiani. 922 00:43:11,950 --> 00:43:16,540 Naam, wakati Mheshimiwa IP haina kupokea kukiri kwamba pakiti imekuwa 923 00:43:16,540 --> 00:43:22,940 kupokea kutokana na muda, yeye tu hutuma pakiti badala. 924 00:43:22,940 --> 00:43:29,360 Sasa tuko tayari kuingia dunia wa internet, buibui mtandao wa 925 00:43:29,360 --> 00:43:33,670 unahusiana mitandao ambayo span dunia yetu nzima. 926 00:43:33,670 --> 00:43:39,360 Hapa, ruta na swichi kuanzisha viungo kati ya mitandao. 927 00:43:39,360 --> 00:43:42,740 >> Sasa wavu ni tofauti kabisa mazingira kuliko utapata ndani ya 928 00:43:42,740 --> 00:43:44,900 kuta kinga ya LAN yako. 929 00:43:44,900 --> 00:43:47,340 Nje hapa, ni Wild West - 930 00:43:47,340 --> 00:43:50,540 mengi ya nafasi, mengi ya fursa, mengi ya mambo ya 931 00:43:50,540 --> 00:43:53,130 kuchunguza, na sehemu ya kwenda. 932 00:43:53,130 --> 00:43:57,620 Shukrani kwa kudhibiti kidogo sana na udhibiti, kupata mawazo mapya yenye rutuba 933 00:43:57,620 --> 00:44:01,530 udongo kushinikiza ya bahasha ya uwezekano wao. 934 00:44:01,530 --> 00:44:05,240 Lakini kwa sababu ya uhuru huu, hatari fulani pia lurk. 935 00:44:05,240 --> 00:44:10,860 Hutaweza kujua wakati utasikia kukutana dreaded Ping ya kifo, maalum 936 00:44:10,860 --> 00:44:15,610 toleo la kawaida Ping ombi ambayo idiot baadhi mawazo juu kwa fujo na 937 00:44:15,610 --> 00:44:18,500 wanyofu majeshi. 938 00:44:18,500 --> 00:44:23,760 >> njia pakiti wetu kuchukua inaweza kuwa via satellite, mistari ya simu, waya, 939 00:44:23,760 --> 00:44:25,650 au hata trans-oceanic cable. 940 00:44:25,650 --> 00:44:29,860 Hawana daima kuchukua haraka sana, au mfupi, njia iwezekanavyo. 941 00:44:29,860 --> 00:44:33,560 Lakini wao kupata kuna hatimaye. 942 00:44:33,560 --> 00:44:38,410 Labda hiyo ndiyo sababu ni wakati mwingine aitwaye duniani kote kusubiri. 943 00:44:38,410 --> 00:44:42,710 Lakini wakati kila kitu ni kazi vizuri, unaweza kukwepa duniani 944 00:44:42,710 --> 00:44:47,110 mara tano zaidi ya saa tone ya kofia, literally - 945 00:44:47,110 --> 00:44:51,520 na wote kwa gharama ya wito wa ndani, au chini. 946 00:44:51,520 --> 00:44:55,260 >> Karibu na mwisho wa safari yetu, tutaweza kupata mwingine firewall. 947 00:44:55,260 --> 00:44:58,450 948 00:44:58,450 --> 00:45:02,740 Kutegemeana na mtazamo wako kama data ya pakiti, firewall inaweza kuwa 949 00:45:02,740 --> 00:45:06,930 ngome ya usalama, au adui dreaded. 950 00:45:06,930 --> 00:45:11,710 Yote inategemea ambayo upande uko na nini nia yako ni. 951 00:45:11,710 --> 00:45:15,590 >> firewall ni iliyoundwa na basi katika pakiti tu wale 952 00:45:15,590 --> 00:45:18,060 kwamba kufikia vigezo wake. 953 00:45:18,060 --> 00:45:22,450 Firewall hii ni kazi kwenye bandari ya 80 na 25. 954 00:45:22,450 --> 00:45:26,880 Majaribio yote ya kuingia kwa kupitia nyingine bandari ni kufungwa kwa biashara. 955 00:45:26,880 --> 00:45:40,500 956 00:45:40,500 --> 00:45:48,470 >> Bandari 25 ni kutumika kwa pakiti pepe, wakati bandari 80 ni mlango kwa 957 00:45:48,470 --> 00:45:50,755 pakiti kutoka katika mtandao kwa mtandao wa kompyuta. 958 00:45:50,755 --> 00:45:54,060 959 00:45:54,060 --> 00:45:58,230 Ndani ya Firewall, pakiti ni kupimwa vizuri zaidi. 960 00:45:58,230 --> 00:46:02,190 Baadhi ya pakiti kufanya hivyo kwa urahisi kwa njia forodha, wakati wengine 961 00:46:02,190 --> 00:46:04,760 kuangalia tu kidogo ya kutatanisha. 962 00:46:04,760 --> 00:46:08,390 >> afisa firewall siyo rahisi fooled, kama vile wakati huu Ping ya 963 00:46:08,390 --> 00:46:14,430 kifo pakiti anajaribu kujificha yenyewe kama pakiti ya kawaida Ping. 964 00:46:14,430 --> 00:46:14,740 >> Firewall: Next. 965 00:46:14,740 --> 00:46:15,214 OK. 966 00:46:15,214 --> 00:46:15,688 Kwenda juu. 967 00:46:15,688 --> 00:46:16,162 Hiyo ni sawa. 968 00:46:16,162 --> 00:46:16,636 Hakuna tatizo. 969 00:46:16,636 --> 00:46:17,584 Kuwa na siku nzuri. 970 00:46:17,584 --> 00:46:18,532 Kuwa nje hapa. 971 00:46:18,532 --> 00:46:20,315 Bye. 972 00:46:20,315 --> 00:46:23,870 >> NARRATOR: Kwa wale bahati pakiti kutosha kufanya hivyo hii mbali, 973 00:46:23,870 --> 00:46:25,920 safari ni karibu zaidi. 974 00:46:25,920 --> 00:46:28,940 975 00:46:28,940 --> 00:46:35,380 Ni tu lineup ya interface kuchukuliwa juu katika mtandao wa kompyuta. 976 00:46:35,380 --> 00:46:40,700 >> Siku hizi mtandao wa kompyuta wanaweza kukimbia juu ya wengi mambo, kutoka mainframe, na webcam, 977 00:46:40,700 --> 00:46:41,910 kwa kompyuta dawati yako. 978 00:46:41,910 --> 00:46:44,630 Au kwa nini friji yako? 979 00:46:44,630 --> 00:46:48,750 Na kuanzisha sahihi, unaweza kupata nje kama una makings kwa 980 00:46:48,750 --> 00:46:51,570 kuku cacciatore, au kama una kwenda ununuzi. 981 00:46:51,570 --> 00:46:54,870 Kumbuka, hii ni asubuhi ya wavu. 982 00:46:54,870 --> 00:46:56,360 Karibu kila kitu inawezekana. 983 00:46:56,360 --> 00:47:00,540 984 00:47:00,540 --> 00:47:05,540 >> Mmoja mmoja, pakiti ni kupokea, kufunguliwa, na unpacked. 985 00:47:05,540 --> 00:47:09,550 986 00:47:09,550 --> 00:47:11,900 habari wao vyenye - 987 00:47:11,900 --> 00:47:14,370 kwamba ni, ombi lako kwa habari - 988 00:47:14,370 --> 00:47:17,520 ni kutumwa kwenye mtandao server maombi. 989 00:47:17,520 --> 00:47:24,650 990 00:47:24,650 --> 00:47:33,750 >> pakiti yenyewe ni recycled, tayari kutumika tena, na kujazwa na yako 991 00:47:33,750 --> 00:47:46,830 aliomba habari, ufumbuzi, na kutuma nje, kwa njia yake ya nyuma na wewe, nyuma 992 00:47:46,830 --> 00:47:56,950 nyuma firewall, ruta, na juu ya kupitia kwenye mtandao, kwa nyuma kupitia 993 00:47:56,950 --> 00:48:08,430 firewall yako ya ushirika, na juu yako interface, tayari ugavi yako 994 00:48:08,430 --> 00:48:11,060 kivinjari na habari wewe zilizoombwa - 995 00:48:11,060 --> 00:48:14,320 996 00:48:14,320 --> 00:48:17,236 kwamba ni, filamu hii. 997 00:48:17,236 --> 00:48:22,870 998 00:48:22,870 --> 00:48:27,590 >> Radhi na juhudi zao na kuamini katika ulimwengu bora, muaminifu wetu 999 00:48:27,590 --> 00:48:33,840 data pakiti wapanda mbali blissfully katika machweo ya siku nyingine, kujua 1000 00:48:33,840 --> 00:48:37,135 kikamilifu, wao aliwahi mabwana zao vizuri. 1001 00:48:37,135 --> 00:48:40,080 1002 00:48:40,080 --> 00:48:43,695 Sasa ni kwamba mwisho wa furaha? 1003 00:48:43,695 --> 00:48:47,910 1004 00:48:47,910 --> 00:48:49,890 >> SPIKA 1: Kwamba, basi, ni jinsi ya internet kazi. 1005 00:48:49,890 --> 00:48:53,360 Kupitia tatizo kuweka saba je kuelewa huu na je 1006 00:48:53,360 --> 00:48:55,830 kujifunza kidogo ya HTML, PHP, na zaidi. 1007 00:48:55,830 --> 00:48:58,590 Zaidi juu ya kuwa katika vipimo ambayo kwenda nje ya Ijumaa. 1008 00:48:58,590 --> 00:49:00,310 Na sisi kuona juu ya Jumatatu. 1009 00:49:00,310 --> 00:49:02,763