1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:12,510

2
00:00:12,510 --> 00:00:13,870
>> Rob: All wa kulia.

3
00:00:13,870 --> 00:00:16,770
Karibu sehemu ya kwanza.

4
00:00:16,770 --> 00:00:17,480
Mimi nina Rob.

5
00:00:17,480 --> 00:00:18,806
>> JOSEPH: mimi nina Joseph.

6
00:00:18,806 --> 00:00:21,540
>> Rob: Hivyo tutaweza kupiga mbizi haki in

7
00:00:21,540 --> 00:00:23,420
Jambo la kwanza majadiliano juu ya
ni appliance.

8
00:00:23,420 --> 00:00:27,150
Hivyo hopefully zaidi ya wewe na
kupakuliwa tayari.

9
00:00:27,150 --> 00:00:37,180
Lakini unaweza kuona maelekezo
katika cs50.net/appliance.

10
00:00:37,180 --> 00:00:38,430
Oh mungu, sasa mimi nina binafsi fahamu.

11
00:00:38,430 --> 00:00:44,590

12
00:00:44,590 --> 00:00:45,430
Mimi bado kusikia.

13
00:00:45,430 --> 00:00:47,232
>> JOSEPH: Wow, inaonekana kama
ni disoriented.

14
00:00:47,232 --> 00:00:52,460
>> Rob: Kwa hiyo baadhi ya watu wamekuwa kuwa
masuala na hayo, hivyo si kusubiri hadi

15
00:00:52,460 --> 00:00:54,940
dakika ya mwisho ya kuweka tatizo kwa
kujaribu na kutatua Appliance na

16
00:00:54,940 --> 00:00:56,320
kutafuta kwamba siyo kazi.

17
00:00:56,320 --> 00:00:59,010
>> JOSEPH: Na kama kitu si kazi
na unahitaji msaada, unaweza kwenda

18
00:00:59,010 --> 00:01:03,390
cs50.net/discussion ambapo sisi
na jukwaa ambapo

19
00:01:03,390 --> 00:01:04,110
unaweza kutuma maswali yako.

20
00:01:04,110 --> 00:01:06,655
Na tutaweza kupata yao hatimaye.

21
00:01:06,655 --> 00:01:07,490
>> Rob: All wa kulia.

22
00:01:07,490 --> 00:01:12,180
Hivyo hii ni nini Appliance
inaonekana kama.

23
00:01:12,180 --> 00:01:15,480
Tena, ni tu kabisa tofauti
mfumo wa uendeshaji kukimbia ndani ya

24
00:01:15,480 --> 00:01:19,440
chochote mfumo wa uendeshaji ninyi
ni mbio juu ya mbali.

25
00:01:19,440 --> 00:01:24,450
Na mambo kuu itabidi
kutumia ni gedit.

26
00:01:24,450 --> 00:01:28,050
Hivyo hopefully hii ina tayari
kuwa tovuti ukoo.

27
00:01:28,050 --> 00:01:29,470
terminal.

28
00:01:29,470 --> 00:01:31,890
>> Na unaweza pia kukimbia Chrome
ndani ya appliance.

29
00:01:31,890 --> 00:01:33,860
Kumekuwa na michache ya watu
ambao wana taarifa internet

30
00:01:33,860 --> 00:01:35,390
si kazi katika appliance.

31
00:01:35,390 --> 00:01:38,090
Na baadhi yao tu kudhani
kuwa kuna hawatakiwi kuwa na

32
00:01:38,090 --> 00:01:39,190
internet katika appliance.

33
00:01:39,190 --> 00:01:40,750
Lakini ndiyo, kuna zinatakiwa
kuwa internet.

34
00:01:40,750 --> 00:01:44,000

35
00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:46,410
>> Mimi itabidi kusema sasa hivi, lakini haina
kweli maana ya kitu chochote.

36
00:01:46,410 --> 00:01:50,680
Kama internet si kazi,
hii ni nini huwa na haja

37
00:01:50,680 --> 00:01:52,180
kuendesha kurekebisha.

38
00:01:52,180 --> 00:01:55,602
Kama wewe ni kuwa masuala ya biashara, wala
kukumbuka, tu baada ya juu

39
00:01:55,602 --> 00:01:57,560
Kujadili, na tutaweza kusema, kukimbia hiyo.

40
00:01:57,560 --> 00:02:00,420
Lakini internet lazima kufanya kazi.

41
00:02:00,420 --> 00:02:06,650
>> Hivyo tu kitu kingine - yeah, hakuna kitu
mwingine ni kweli husika.

42
00:02:06,650 --> 00:02:08,979
Lakini mimi nilitaka uhakika kwamba -

43
00:02:08,979 --> 00:02:13,290
kuona katika hii chini kulia kona.

44
00:02:13,290 --> 00:02:16,530
Hivyo kila mmoja Vifaa yako lazima
na anwani ya IP.

45
00:02:16,530 --> 00:02:22,350
Na baadaye katika muhula, hii IP
anwani itakuwa muhimu zaidi wakati

46
00:02:22,350 --> 00:02:27,230
wewe ni kufanya kazi kwenye mtandao p-set, kwa sababu
wewe utakuwa na uwezo wa kupata

47
00:02:27,230 --> 00:02:32,310
tovuti wewe ni kazi ya kutoka yako
Chrome ndani kwa kutumia anwani ya IP hii.

48
00:02:32,310 --> 00:02:35,400
>> Lakini kile Mimi kama kutumia anwani ya IP
kwa - na huna kwa kufanya hivyo, mimi

49
00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:37,460
nataka tu kwa uhakika ni nje -

50
00:02:37,460 --> 00:02:39,540
ni hapa.

51
00:02:39,540 --> 00:02:42,910
Hivyo hii ni dirisha terminal juu ya
Mac yangu, hii si katika

52
00:02:42,910 --> 00:02:44,580
Appliance wakati wote.

53
00:02:44,580 --> 00:02:47,190
Na unaweza kuangalia juu ya nini
amri hii gani.

54
00:02:47,190 --> 00:02:51,855
Lakini mimi nina kwenda SSH moja kwa moja
kwa Appliance yangu.

55
00:02:51,855 --> 00:02:53,410
Mimi sijui nini IP ni.

56
00:02:53,410 --> 00:02:54,300
>> JOSEPH: 168 -

57
00:02:54,300 --> 00:02:56,080
>> 168.224.1.0.

58
00:02:56,080 --> 00:02:59,950
>> Rob: Kwa hiyo mara moja mimi nina done
na hii, kuingia ndani

59
00:02:59,950 --> 00:03:05,450
Sasa, kimsingi, hii ni sawa na
terminal dirisha ndani ya Appliance yangu.

60
00:03:05,450 --> 00:03:10,280
Basi, mimi pretty much kwa kweli kamwe kazi
kutoka ndani ya Appliance yenyewe.

61
00:03:10,280 --> 00:03:12,550
I just daima kuwa ni mbio
katika background kupunguzwa

62
00:03:12,550 --> 00:03:15,890
na SSHed ndani yake.

63
00:03:15,890 --> 00:03:24,270
>> suala hilo na hii ni wewe si kwenda
kuwa na uwezo wa kutumia gedit kwa urahisi

64
00:03:24,270 --> 00:03:25,600
moja kwa moja kutokana na hili.

65
00:03:25,600 --> 00:03:31,500
Lakini kama unataka kuwa baridi halisi
hacker, basi unapaswa kupata kutumika kwa

66
00:03:31,500 --> 00:03:34,220
amri line mhariri wa maandishi anyway.

67
00:03:34,220 --> 00:03:39,620
Hivyo VIM na Emacs na Nano, yote haya
ni njia mbadala mbalimbali.

68
00:03:39,620 --> 00:03:41,560
Nano huelekea kuwa rahisi.

69
00:03:41,560 --> 00:03:45,006
Na nadhani hana
syntax mwangaza.

70
00:03:45,006 --> 00:03:47,620
Oh, hapana, ni kabisa gani.

71
00:03:47,620 --> 00:03:49,870
Hivyo unaweza kutumia Nano, kwa sababu
kwamba moja rahisi sana.

72
00:03:49,870 --> 00:03:52,000
>> Unaweza kuona amri zote hizi
chini.

73
00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:54,750
Hii kidogo karoti mfano.

74
00:03:54,750 --> 00:03:57,620
Kama hawajaona hivyo kabla, itabidi
pengine kuona ni mengi sasa.

75
00:03:57,620 --> 00:04:02,350
Ni kwa ujumla maana yake kudhibiti karoti,
kama chini kushoto ya keyboard yako

76
00:04:02,350 --> 00:04:04,130
kudhibiti tabia.

77
00:04:04,130 --> 00:04:07,260
Hivyo hapa ni kuwaambia yangu chini hapa -

78
00:04:07,260 --> 00:04:08,710
oh, siyo kukatwa kama mimi zoom in

79
00:04:08,710 --> 00:04:11,040
Hivyo Kudhibiti, X ni jinsi
Mimi nina kwenda exit.

80
00:04:11,040 --> 00:04:14,710
Na inasema naweza kugonga Y kwa
Ndiyo, kwa ajili ya kuokoa, N kwa Hapana

81
00:04:14,710 --> 00:04:17,190
Hivyo kwamba ni Nano.

82
00:04:17,190 --> 00:04:22,860
>> VIM na Emacs huwa na kuwa kidogo zaidi
ngumu na balaa.

83
00:04:22,860 --> 00:04:28,840
Lakini unaweza kupata kutumika kwa hiyo,
na kisha utasikia kupenda.

84
00:04:28,840 --> 00:04:30,590
Hivyo hiyo ni kwamba.

85
00:04:30,590 --> 00:04:31,720
>> JOSEPH: Hakuna haja ya kufanya hivyo.

86
00:04:31,720 --> 00:04:31,840
>> Rob: Yeah.

87
00:04:31,840 --> 00:04:37,510
Wewe ni huru kutumia gedit kwa
salio ya muhula.

88
00:04:37,510 --> 00:04:40,630
Hivyo yoyote appliance-kuhusiana maswali?

89
00:04:40,630 --> 00:04:42,820
Au je, una mawazo yoyote juu ya kile kingine
mahitaji ya kuwa amesema kuhusu kuhusu

90
00:04:42,820 --> 00:04:43,610
appliance?

91
00:04:43,610 --> 00:04:43,996
Ndiyo.

92
00:04:43,996 --> 00:04:47,720
>> SPIKA 1: Wakati SSHed ndani yako
kitu, alikuwa password Crimson?

93
00:04:47,720 --> 00:04:48,390
>> Rob: Yeah.

94
00:04:48,390 --> 00:04:50,170
password kwa kila kitu pretty much
katika Appliance ni kwenda

95
00:04:50,170 --> 00:04:52,473
kuwa Crimson.

96
00:04:52,473 --> 00:04:56,517
>> SPIKA 2: kufunga kama IDE halisi
juu ya appliance, kazi?

97
00:04:56,517 --> 00:04:59,200

98
00:04:59,200 --> 00:05:07,290
>> Rob: Mimi kufikiria Eclipse gani kuwa na
Fedora version, katika kesi ambayo, ndiyo,

99
00:05:07,290 --> 00:05:08,420
unaweza kufanya hivyo.

100
00:05:08,420 --> 00:05:10,875
Ni pengine si kweli thamani yake.

101
00:05:10,875 --> 00:05:11,742
>> SPIKA 2: OK.

102
00:05:11,742 --> 00:05:15,924
Hivyo pengine rahisi kama nilitaka
kutumia Eclipse, tu kutumia asili na

103
00:05:15,924 --> 00:05:17,646
kisha upload -

104
00:05:17,646 --> 00:05:21,090
>> Rob: Oh, kwamba ni pia pengine rahisi.

105
00:05:21,090 --> 00:05:24,046
Lakini unaweza kupata kazi
ndani ya appliance.

106
00:05:24,046 --> 00:05:27,740
>> JOSEPH: Na kwa kamera, swali
mara, unaweza kufunga mwingine

107
00:05:27,740 --> 00:05:29,490
IDE ndani ya Appliance?

108
00:05:29,490 --> 00:05:31,520
>> Rob: Eclipse kuwa
mfano wa IDE.

109
00:05:31,520 --> 00:05:34,800

110
00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:36,050
Nyingine yoyote maswali Appliance?

111
00:05:36,050 --> 00:05:38,250

112
00:05:38,250 --> 00:05:38,680
Sawa.

113
00:05:38,680 --> 00:05:44,920
>> Hivyo tutakuwa na sasa hoja juu ya mstari amri
interface yanayohusiana na mambo, hivyo CLI.

114
00:05:44,920 --> 00:05:47,990
Na tena, Mimi tu kwenda kufanya kazi katika
hapa, kwa sababu hii ni sawa na

115
00:05:47,990 --> 00:05:52,780
kufanya kazi ndani ya dirisha terminal
ndani ya appliance.

116
00:05:52,780 --> 00:05:54,160
Vipi kwamba font kuangalia?

117
00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:55,970
Ni kwamba kubwa ya kutosha?

118
00:05:55,970 --> 00:05:57,000
Sawa.

119
00:05:57,000 --> 00:06:02,480
>> Hivyo kuna mengi ya amri hiyo
unapaswa kupata pretty kutumika

120
00:06:02,480 --> 00:06:04,490
katika muhula.

121
00:06:04,490 --> 00:06:09,480
kubwa mbili kwa punde ni ls, orodha
files katika orodha hii; na

122
00:06:09,480 --> 00:06:11,380
cd, hivyo kubadili directory.

123
00:06:11,380 --> 00:06:18,390
Hivyo siwezi mabadiliko ya desktop na kisha
mfano ya kawaida sana ni cd kwa

124
00:06:18,390 --> 00:06:22,550
directory na mara moja ls
nini katika directory.

125
00:06:22,550 --> 00:06:25,540
>> Watu pia wakati mwingine hawana kutambua
kuwa kukamilika kwa Tab ni kitu.

126
00:06:25,540 --> 00:06:28,370
Hivyo kama cd, VH, na kisha mimi kugonga Tab.

127
00:06:28,370 --> 00:06:30,790
Mimi karibu kamwe aina nje
jambo nzima.

128
00:06:30,790 --> 00:06:32,920
Na kisha kama mimi kuweka kupiga Tab
tena, itabidi moja kwa moja

129
00:06:32,920 --> 00:06:33,670
kuanza listing kwa ajili yangu.

130
00:06:33,670 --> 00:06:37,000
Ili niweze cd vhosts, mwenyeji wa ndani.

131
00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:39,880
Na kwamba itakuja tu -

132
00:06:39,880 --> 00:06:43,380
katika kesi wewe si habari mrefu
kabla, directory ni neno lingine

133
00:06:43,380 --> 00:06:45,170
kwa folder.

134
00:06:45,170 --> 00:06:49,930
Hivyo sasa kama unaweza kuona -

135
00:06:49,930 --> 00:06:51,810
hebu kuleta kwamba juu.

136
00:06:51,810 --> 00:06:55,380
>> Hivyo sasa kama unaweza kuona katika mabano, wewe
kuona kidogo tilde, kufyeka, vhost,

137
00:06:55,380 --> 00:06:56,810
kufyeka, jeshi ndani.

138
00:06:56,810 --> 00:07:00,040
Hivyo tilde, kwamba inahusu
nyumbani directory yangu.

139
00:07:00,040 --> 00:07:03,090
Ni directory uko
katika wakati SSH in

140
00:07:03,090 --> 00:07:05,660
Ni directory uko katika wakati
wewe kufungua terminal.

141
00:07:05,660 --> 00:07:08,650
Ni wapi kuanza.

142
00:07:08,650 --> 00:07:13,110
Na hivyo mimi nina ndani ya nyumba directory yangu,
na mimi nina ndani ya vhost

143
00:07:13,110 --> 00:07:14,475
directory ndani ya nyumba directory yangu.

144
00:07:14,475 --> 00:07:19,670
Na kisha mimi nina ndani ya mitaa
mwenyeji wa directory ndani ya hiyo.

145
00:07:19,670 --> 00:07:23,740
>> Kwa hiyo baadhi ya mambo mengine muhimu kwa cd -

146
00:07:23,740 --> 00:07:29,220
au vizuri, kwa ujumla, hivyo dot daima
inahusu saraka ya sasa.

147
00:07:29,220 --> 00:07:31,130
Cd, dot ni amri pretty hauna maana.

148
00:07:31,130 --> 00:07:35,150
Lakini hiyo ni kubadilika kwa
saraka ya sasa.

149
00:07:35,150 --> 00:07:38,230
moja muhimu zaidi katika suala la
cd ni dot, dot, ambayo ni

150
00:07:38,230 --> 00:07:40,220
tu kwenda juu directory moja.

151
00:07:40,220 --> 00:07:43,360
>> Na kutambua kwamba hizi -

152
00:07:43,360 --> 00:07:48,610
Nataka kusema Majina bandia, lakini haya
alama, dot, na dot, dot, wale kazi

153
00:07:48,610 --> 00:07:51,740
kwa pretty much amri yoyote wewe ni
kwenda kuwa na mawazo ya mbio.

154
00:07:51,740 --> 00:07:55,370
Hivyo kama cd ni pengine ambapo wewe utakuwa na
kutumia zaidi, lakini haya si

155
00:07:55,370 --> 00:07:56,780
mambo ambayo tu cd anaelewa.

156
00:07:56,780 --> 00:07:59,980
Ni pretty much kitu mzima yako
amri line anaelewa.

157
00:07:59,980 --> 00:08:01,932
mengi ya mipango ya kuelewa
dot na dot, nukta.

158
00:08:01,932 --> 00:08:04,830

159
00:08:04,830 --> 00:08:09,090
>> Hivyo nyingine muhimu wale - cd, dash.

160
00:08:09,090 --> 00:08:13,460
Hivyo kwamba ni kwenda kuleta mimi
directory mwisho kwamba nilikuwa in

161
00:08:13,460 --> 00:08:15,980
Hivyo wakati mwingine mimi itabidi kufanya kitu kama,
oh, mimi nina kazi katika hapa.

162
00:08:15,980 --> 00:08:21,110
Na mimi kuona baadhi kosa na kitu, na
Nitakwenda kuchunguza ni kwa kwenda

163
00:08:21,110 --> 00:08:24,020
baadhi directory random mahali fulani.

164
00:08:24,020 --> 00:08:25,260
Na mimi sijui kama kutakuwa na
napenda huko.

165
00:08:25,260 --> 00:08:25,720
Ni mapenzi.

166
00:08:25,720 --> 00:08:27,615
Hivyo basi mimi kufanya chochote mimi nataka
katika saraka hii.

167
00:08:27,615 --> 00:08:28,950
Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah.

168
00:08:28,950 --> 00:08:31,770
Na mimi nilikuwa kama, sawa, nataka
kurudi nyuma ambapo mimi nilikuwa.

169
00:08:31,770 --> 00:08:34,490
cd, dash, na huleta haki yangu nyuma.

170
00:08:34,490 --> 00:08:39,970
>> Hivyo nina kwenda kutupa mengi
haya wewe leo.

171
00:08:39,970 --> 00:08:43,730
Mimi si wanatarajia kukariri
wao wote.

172
00:08:43,730 --> 00:08:46,170
Ni aina ya tu kujua
kwamba zipo.

173
00:08:46,170 --> 00:08:48,690
Na kisha baadaye wakati uko kama,
hmm, nataka kwenda nyuma ya

174
00:08:48,690 --> 00:08:51,870
directory kwamba nilikuwa tu katika, oh, kusubiri,
kitu kama hicho lipo.

175
00:08:51,870 --> 00:08:53,980
Huwezi kuwa na aina tu katika
directory nzima tena.

176
00:08:53,980 --> 00:08:56,090
>> JOSEPH: Na hatimaye wewe tu
matumizi yao tena na tena, na

177
00:08:56,090 --> 00:08:57,830
kutakuwa na kuwa misuli kumbukumbu.

178
00:08:57,830 --> 00:09:00,090
>> Rob: Yeah.

179
00:09:00,090 --> 00:09:02,930
Hivyo ni jinsi nilivyosema hapo kabla, kwamba tilde
ni nyumbani saraka yako.

180
00:09:02,930 --> 00:09:04,820
Ili niweze cd, tilde.

181
00:09:04,820 --> 00:09:07,280
Lakini mimi si hata kuwa na
kufanya hivyo kama mimi tu -

182
00:09:07,280 --> 00:09:09,760
Nitakwenda nyuma directory hivyo
si mfano pointless.

183
00:09:09,760 --> 00:09:14,560
Lakini kama mimi tu kufanya cd, hilo pia ni
sawa, kwenda nyumbani directory yangu.

184
00:09:14,560 --> 00:09:18,380

185
00:09:18,380 --> 00:09:19,880
Mimi amri, K.

186
00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:24,015
>> JOSEPH: Unaweza pia aina ya wazi,
neno, na ni lazima wazi ni.

187
00:09:24,015 --> 00:09:28,650
>> Rob: Na nadhani pia Kudhibiti,
L pia hufanya.

188
00:09:28,650 --> 00:09:29,690
Hivyo kura ya njia tofauti.

189
00:09:29,690 --> 00:09:34,070
Nadhani kuna baadhi ya tofauti ambapo
wazi na Kudhibiti, L mapenzi tu

190
00:09:34,070 --> 00:09:37,280
kweli kuiondoa juu na
Mimi bado unaweza kitabu nyuma.

191
00:09:37,280 --> 00:09:40,580
Amri, K literally kuharibu
kila kitu, na

192
00:09:40,580 --> 00:09:42,960
hawezi kitabu nyuma juu.

193
00:09:42,960 --> 00:09:45,530
Kwa uchache sana, kwamba
jinsi kazi katika iTerm2.

194
00:09:45,530 --> 00:09:48,690
Sijui jinsi mambo mengine -

195
00:09:48,690 --> 00:09:49,360
oh.

196
00:09:49,360 --> 00:09:55,450
>> Pamoja na SSHing, hivyo kama wewe ni juu ya Windows,
wewe ni kwenda na kushusha putty

197
00:09:55,450 --> 00:10:02,360
ili SSH tangu Windows haina
na kama kujengwa katika SSH chombo.

198
00:10:02,360 --> 00:10:06,150
Kutoka Macs, unaweza tu SSH moja kwa moja
kutoka dirisha terminal.

199
00:10:06,150 --> 00:10:08,755

200
00:10:08,755 --> 00:10:09,690
OK.

201
00:10:09,690 --> 00:10:11,840
Maswali?

202
00:10:11,840 --> 00:10:19,260
>> Pamoja na ls, hivyo kitu kuzoea
na zaidi ya amri hizi ni -

203
00:10:19,260 --> 00:10:20,060
vizuri, mimi itabidi kufanya moja.

204
00:10:20,060 --> 00:10:21,310
Ls, dash, l.

205
00:10:21,310 --> 00:10:26,330
Hivyo dash, l ni nini tunakwenda
kuwaita bendera ya ls.

206
00:10:26,330 --> 00:10:30,770
Na mengi ya amri hizi na bendera
kuwa unaweza kupita kwao.

207
00:10:30,770 --> 00:10:35,020
Hivyo katika kesi hii, dash, l ni bendera
kwamba anasema ni kunipa full

208
00:10:35,020 --> 00:10:37,850
orodha ya habari zote
ya files haya.

209
00:10:37,850 --> 00:10:44,790
>> Hivyo tunaona hapa kwamba desktop mara
tarehe Julai 30 saa 00:54.

210
00:10:44,790 --> 00:10:47,160
Mkono mara iliyopita katika Septemba 6.

211
00:10:47,160 --> 00:10:52,350
Hizi ni ukubwa wa sasa na
ka ya directories haya.

212
00:10:52,350 --> 00:10:54,412
Huna kuelewa
haya yote.

213
00:10:54,412 --> 00:11:00,380
>> Mambo haya upande wa kushoto, haya ya drwx,
kwamba itakuwa zaidi husika

214
00:11:00,380 --> 00:11:02,290
baadaye wakati una kukabiliana na -

215
00:11:02,290 --> 00:11:05,900
kwamba ina nini na nani ana ruhusa
kuangalia files haya.

216
00:11:05,900 --> 00:11:09,880
Na hivyo kama wewe walikuwa si user tu juu ya
kompyuta hii, itakuwa na uwezo wa

217
00:11:09,880 --> 00:11:13,345
kusema, OK, mimi inapaswa kuwa moja tu
kuruhusiwa kuangalia faili hili au mimi nina

218
00:11:13,345 --> 00:11:14,870
kwenda kuruhusu kila mtu
kuangalia faili hii.

219
00:11:14,870 --> 00:11:17,710
Hivyo mtu mwingine kwenye kompyuta yangu
unaweza kuangalia faili hii.

220
00:11:17,710 --> 00:11:22,190

221
00:11:22,190 --> 00:11:25,600
Mimi wala hata kujua jambo hili -
nini hii nini?

222
00:11:25,600 --> 00:11:26,840
>> JOSEPH: Mimi nina uhakika kabisa, kwa kweli.

223
00:11:26,840 --> 00:11:27,705
>> Rob: No wazo.

224
00:11:27,705 --> 00:11:30,530
>> JOSEPH: Lakini kama hamjui, kuna
amri ya kusaidia ambayo unaweza kutumia

225
00:11:30,530 --> 00:11:31,680
kuwaambia nini pato maana yake.

226
00:11:31,680 --> 00:11:33,780
Na kama aina katika mtu
kabla ya amri -

227
00:11:33,780 --> 00:11:35,000
hivyo M-A-N. Rob: Man.

228
00:11:35,000 --> 00:11:37,690
Hivyo mtu ni mtu mwingine
kwamba ni muhimu sana.

229
00:11:37,690 --> 00:11:39,540
Na mtu, ls.

230
00:11:39,540 --> 00:11:47,320
Hivyo kurasa mtu, na wote
amri kwamba wewe ni kwenda kutumia

231
00:11:47,320 --> 00:11:50,330
katika mstari amri, na pia kuwa na
kazi ambayo itakuwa husika

232
00:11:50,330 --> 00:11:52,530
na C. Hivyo unaweza mwanadamu -

233
00:11:52,530 --> 00:11:53,720
na mimi kupuuzwa 3.

234
00:11:53,720 --> 00:11:57,410
Lakini man 3 printf ni kwenda kuleta
up C toleo la printf.

235
00:11:57,410 --> 00:12:01,030
Lakini kama mimi tu kufanya mtu printf, hii ni
kwenda kuleta up amri printf

236
00:12:01,030 --> 00:12:03,540
kinachotokea katika mstari amri.

237
00:12:03,540 --> 00:12:05,730
>> Hivyo mtu, ls.

238
00:12:05,730 --> 00:12:09,030
kurasa mtu anaweza kuwa na pretty
balaa.

239
00:12:09,030 --> 00:12:12,770
Hapa, ingawa, utaona orodha hii
wa wote wa bendera haya ls

240
00:12:12,770 --> 00:12:14,300
anaelewa.

241
00:12:14,300 --> 00:12:17,876
Hivyo kama sisi kwenda dash, l, na -

242
00:12:17,876 --> 00:12:19,300
Mimi tu kwenda kwa kutupa hii saa wewe.

243
00:12:19,300 --> 00:12:23,050
Lakini ili kutafuta, unataka
kwa kwanza kugonga swali

244
00:12:23,050 --> 00:12:24,780
alama au kufyeka kifungo.

245
00:12:24,780 --> 00:12:26,040
Hivyo kufyeka.

246
00:12:26,040 --> 00:12:29,000
>> Na kisha naweza kutafuta
kwa chochote mimi nataka.

247
00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:33,780
Hivyo nina kwenda kwa kufyeka kwa dash, l.

248
00:12:33,780 --> 00:12:35,110
Na kuna ilikuwa.

249
00:12:35,110 --> 00:12:37,450
Hivyo kutumia muda mrefu orodha format.

250
00:12:37,450 --> 00:12:40,060
Kwamba haina msaada me kufikiri nini
safu husika maana, lakini mimi

251
00:12:40,060 --> 00:12:44,480
kudhani mahali fulani katika hapa
itakuwa kueleza kwamba.

252
00:12:44,480 --> 00:12:48,740
Hivyo matumizi mtu kurasa kwa ajili ya amri yoyote
kwamba si mara moja kuelewa.

253
00:12:48,740 --> 00:12:51,080
>> Mimi nina uhakika pretty unaweza hata mtu, mtu.

254
00:12:51,080 --> 00:12:53,070
interface kwa online
vyombo kumbukumbu.

255
00:12:53,070 --> 00:12:57,700

256
00:12:57,700 --> 00:13:03,570
Oh, moja ya mwisho moja kwamba labda kidogo
husika ni ls, dash.

257
00:13:03,570 --> 00:13:08,490
Hivyo taarifa kama mimi tu kufanya ls,
Mimi kupata files haya matano.

258
00:13:08,490 --> 00:13:11,480
Kama mimi kufanya ls, dash,, mimi
kupata files mengi zaidi.

259
00:13:11,480 --> 00:13:15,350
Kwa hiyo, jambo katika kawaida kati ya haya yote
files mpya ni dot kabla.

260
00:13:15,350 --> 00:13:21,220
>> Hivyo mkataba ni kwamba faili kwamba
huanza na dot ni siri.

261
00:13:21,220 --> 00:13:25,300
Hivyo huna wanataka kuona faili kwamba, wewe
hawataki kuwa ni fujo na

262
00:13:25,300 --> 00:13:26,750
directory yako ya nyimbo.

263
00:13:26,750 --> 00:13:30,020
Ni tu wakati wewe wazi kuuliza,
haki ya wote, ls, dash, unionyeshe.

264
00:13:30,020 --> 00:13:32,830
a anasimama kwa mafaili yote,
pamoja na wale siri.

265
00:13:32,830 --> 00:13:37,260

266
00:13:37,260 --> 00:13:39,270
Kwa hiyo baadhi ya amri nyingine.

267
00:13:39,270 --> 00:13:41,323
Oh, maswali katika hatua hiyo?

268
00:13:41,323 --> 00:13:41,746
Ndiyo.

269
00:13:41,746 --> 00:13:45,914
>> SPIKA 3: Wakati wa kufanya ls,
a, nini dot, dot?

270
00:13:45,914 --> 00:13:46,870
>> Rob: Oh.

271
00:13:46,870 --> 00:13:48,780
Hivyo hii ni nini nilikuwa kuzungumza juu.

272
00:13:48,780 --> 00:13:50,890
Ni kitu kimoja ambapo
Naweza kama cd, dot, dot.

273
00:13:50,890 --> 00:13:56,790
Basi kitaalam, dot na dot, dot ni
files ambazo zipo katika kila moja

274
00:13:56,790 --> 00:14:03,620
directory ambapo dot file inahusu
kwa saraka ya sasa.

275
00:14:03,620 --> 00:14:06,930
Basi, ikiwa mimi cd, dot, mimi nina kwenda tu
kukaa katika directory.

276
00:14:06,930 --> 00:14:10,870
Na dot, dot siku zote ni
uliopita directory moja ngazi ya juu.

277
00:14:10,870 --> 00:14:18,200
Basi, ikiwa mimi kwenda katika magogo na ls, dash, al,
Mimi utaona dot, dot. cd dot, dot

278
00:14:18,200 --> 00:14:20,390
huleta mimi directory uliopita.

279
00:14:20,390 --> 00:14:24,530

280
00:14:24,530 --> 00:14:25,780
Yeah.

281
00:14:25,780 --> 00:14:27,160

282
00:14:27,160 --> 00:14:28,110
OK.

283
00:14:28,110 --> 00:14:33,070
>> Hivyo mwingine pretty muhimu
amri ni rm.

284
00:14:33,070 --> 00:14:35,650
Hivyo kwamba ni nini tunakwenda
kutumia kuondoa.

285
00:14:35,650 --> 00:14:38,100
Na napenda kwa kweli kufanya mwingine
amri ya kwanza.

286
00:14:38,100 --> 00:14:39,610
Hivyo mkdir.

287
00:14:39,610 --> 00:14:42,770
Mkdir ni jinsi gani unaweza
kujenga directories.

288
00:14:42,770 --> 00:14:47,530
Na mimi itabidi kuunda saraka la muda
na kwenda katika directory kwamba muda.

289
00:14:47,530 --> 00:14:49,590
Na kama ilivyotarajiwa, ni tupu.

290
00:14:49,590 --> 00:14:53,680
Lakini kama mimi ls, dash,, mimi bado kuwa dot
na dot, dot, kwa sababu dot inahusu

291
00:14:53,680 --> 00:14:54,480
saraka ya sasa.

292
00:14:54,480 --> 00:14:56,170
Na dot, dot inahusu
directory uliopita.

293
00:14:56,170 --> 00:14:58,700
Na hizo zote zipo bila kujali
directory wewe ni in

294
00:14:58,700 --> 00:15:01,910

295
00:15:01,910 --> 00:15:09,010
>> Na hii ni lazima kabisa
amri, lakini kugusa.

296
00:15:09,010 --> 00:15:11,880
Mimi tu kutumia, kwa sababu ni
njia rahisi kujenga files.

297
00:15:11,880 --> 00:15:16,180
Hivyo kugusa, kugusa b, c kugusa ni
kwenda kujenga files tatu kuitwa,

298
00:15:16,180 --> 00:15:17,845
b, na c kwamba ni tupu kabisa.

299
00:15:17,845 --> 00:15:20,450

300
00:15:20,450 --> 00:15:24,980
Hivyo hatua ya mimi kujenga wale walio katika
nafasi ya kwanza ni hivyo tu kwamba rm ni

301
00:15:24,980 --> 00:15:26,250
jinsi gani tunaweza kuondoa yao.

302
00:15:26,250 --> 00:15:27,850
Hivyo rm.

303
00:15:27,850 --> 00:15:30,960
Ni kwenda kuuliza mimi, kuondoa
mara kwa mara tupu file a?

304
00:15:30,960 --> 00:15:33,170
Na basi mimi itabidi kusema Ndiyo.

305
00:15:33,170 --> 00:15:39,090
>> Basi, ikiwa mimi kujua kwa uhakika kwamba nataka
kufuta faili kwamba bila ya kuwa na kuwa na

306
00:15:39,090 --> 00:15:44,500
ilisababisha, kuondoa mara kwa mara file tupu?,
kisha rm, dash, f ni kwenda kuwa

307
00:15:44,500 --> 00:15:48,230
bendera kwamba anasema, nguvu kuondoa bila
hata kusababisha yangu, oh, ni wewe

308
00:15:48,230 --> 00:15:49,710
uhakika unataka kufuta faili?

309
00:15:49,710 --> 00:15:50,810
Ndiyo, mimi nina uhakika.

310
00:15:50,810 --> 00:15:56,050
Hivyo rm, dash, fb mapenzi tu
kufanya hivyo bila kuuliza.

311
00:15:56,050 --> 00:15:57,950
>> Basi hebu kufanya baadhi directories zaidi.

312
00:15:57,950 --> 00:16:03,670
mkdir, tmp2, cd, tmp2,
kugusa, kugusa b.

313
00:16:03,670 --> 00:16:04,300
OK.

314
00:16:04,300 --> 00:16:08,180
Basi sasa mimi unataka kuondoa
tmp2 kama directory.

315
00:16:08,180 --> 00:16:10,316
Hivyo rm tmp2.

316
00:16:10,316 --> 00:16:12,920
Huwezi kuondoa tmp2,
ni directory.

317
00:16:12,920 --> 00:16:21,370
Hivyo suala hapa ni kwamba rm haina
mara moja kazi ya directories.

318
00:16:21,370 --> 00:16:26,530
Ni tu maana kwa files kama
files mashirika yasiyo ya directory.

319
00:16:26,530 --> 00:16:30,800
>> Na hivyo nini tunaweza kufanya
hapa ni rm, dash, r.

320
00:16:30,800 --> 00:16:35,160
Kwamba anasimama kwa ajili recursively, ambayo inaweza
maana yoyote kwa wewe bado.

321
00:16:35,160 --> 00:16:38,280
Lakini wakati kupata kujirudia,
kutakuwa na maana zaidi.

322
00:16:38,280 --> 00:16:43,540
Hivyo rm, dash, r, tmp2 ni kwenda
recursively kwenda katika directory hiyo.

323
00:16:43,540 --> 00:16:45,540
Hivyo kushuka katika saraka ya tmp2?

324
00:16:45,540 --> 00:16:47,330
Ndiyo, hebu kwenda katika hiyo.

325
00:16:47,330 --> 00:16:49,360
Je, tunataka kuondoa tmp2 /?

326
00:16:49,360 --> 00:16:49,745
Ndiyo.

327
00:16:49,745 --> 00:16:51,830
Je, tunataka kuondoa tmp2 / b?

328
00:16:51,830 --> 00:16:52,840
Ndiyo.

329
00:16:52,840 --> 00:16:55,170
Sasa tunataka kuondoa
directory tmp2?

330
00:16:55,170 --> 00:16:56,040
Ndiyo.

331
00:16:56,040 --> 00:16:58,410
Na hivyo sasa directory
na kila kitu ndani ya

332
00:16:58,410 --> 00:16:59,660
yake imekuwa kuondolewa.

333
00:16:59,660 --> 00:17:02,850

334
00:17:02,850 --> 00:17:07,250
>> Kuna kitaalam amri rmdir
kwamba unaweza kutumia ili kuondoa

335
00:17:07,250 --> 00:17:11,670
directories, lakini kazi tu
juu ya directories tupu anyway.

336
00:17:11,670 --> 00:17:14,109
Na kuona kwamba, hebu tu
kufanya mkdir, tmp2 tena.

337
00:17:14,109 --> 00:17:15,940
Tmp2, kugusa.

338
00:17:15,940 --> 00:17:16,800
OK.

339
00:17:16,800 --> 00:17:22,770
Basi, ikiwa mimi kujaribu kuondoa dirtmp2, kutakuwa na
kusema, directory si tupu.

340
00:17:22,770 --> 00:17:29,540
Basi, mimi pretty much kamwe kutumia kuondoa
dir amri anyway, kwa sababu rm, dash,

341
00:17:29,540 --> 00:17:35,140
r kazi ya directories tupu
na mashirika yasiyo ya tupu directories.

342
00:17:35,140 --> 00:17:37,760
>> Na pia, ikiwa mimi si unataka kuwa na
kwenda kwa kuwa mchakato mzima wa

343
00:17:37,760 --> 00:17:40,720
kushuka katika directory na
kuondoa kila faili ya mtu binafsi, rm,

344
00:17:40,720 --> 00:17:44,190
dash, rf, tmp2.

345
00:17:44,190 --> 00:17:45,670
Na sasa ni gone.

346
00:17:45,670 --> 00:17:51,220
>> Kitu kuwa makini
kuhusu ni rm, dash, rf.

347
00:17:51,220 --> 00:17:53,660
Na kukutisha mimi hata aina yake,
kwa sababu kama mimi ajali

348
00:17:53,660 --> 00:17:55,090
hit Enter au kitu.

349
00:17:55,090 --> 00:18:02,735
Hivyo rm, dash, rf, tilde ingekuwa, bila
kusababisha yangu, f haina haraka

350
00:18:02,735 --> 00:18:05,670
yangu, itakuwa moja kwa moja kuondoa
nyumba yangu nzima directory na

351
00:18:05,670 --> 00:18:06,780
kila kitu ndani yake.

352
00:18:06,780 --> 00:18:11,460
Hivyo unaweza kufikiri kwamba
kitu kijinga kufanya.

353
00:18:11,460 --> 00:18:12,830
Na vizuri, ni.

354
00:18:12,830 --> 00:18:18,600
>> Lakini inaweza kutokea kwa urahisi sana na
ajali kama, kusema, nilitaka kuondoa

355
00:18:18,600 --> 00:18:21,640
slash yangu, vhost directory.

356
00:18:21,640 --> 00:18:26,610
Na tu katika kuandika haraka,
Mimi ajali ya kufanya hivyo.

357
00:18:26,610 --> 00:18:31,880
Hiyo kuondoa recursively wote yangu
nyumbani directory na vhost directory

358
00:18:31,880 --> 00:18:35,450
katika saraka hii hasa kwamba tu
hutokea kwa haipo hivi sasa.

359
00:18:35,450 --> 00:18:39,520
Lakini hii bado ingekuwa kuondoa
nyumba yangu nzima directory.

360
00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:43,090
Angalau kwa kutokuwa na f,
itakuwa haraka mimi kwanza.

361
00:18:43,090 --> 00:18:45,670
Na ningependa kuwa kama, oh, hakuna, mimi
hawataki kufanya hivyo.

362
00:18:45,670 --> 00:18:50,570
Lakini watu, kufyeka, ikiwa ni pamoja na
mimi huwa na kupata ndani ya

363
00:18:50,570 --> 00:18:53,090
tabia ya daima rf-ing.

364
00:18:53,090 --> 00:18:58,713
Hata files mara kwa mara kwamba naweza tu rm,
c, mimi huwa tu rm, dash, rf, c.

365
00:18:58,713 --> 00:19:01,330
Tu kuwa makini wakati uko rf-ing.

366
00:19:01,330 --> 00:19:03,160
>> SPIKA 4: Je, C nini?

367
00:19:03,160 --> 00:19:11,570
>> Rob: C ni mimi nina kuzungumza juu ya kwamba C file
katika saraka hii, kwamba rm, c.

368
00:19:11,570 --> 00:19:15,730
>> JOSEPH: Na zaidi hatari, kama matumizi ya
nyota, lina maana ya kila kitu katika

369
00:19:15,730 --> 00:19:16,450
directory.

370
00:19:16,450 --> 00:19:20,040
Basi nini mimi kawaida huwa na kufanya ni mimi
kwenda katika directory na mimi nataka

371
00:19:20,040 --> 00:19:21,510
kuondoa mafaili yote huko.

372
00:19:21,510 --> 00:19:23,640
Hivyo rm, dash, rf, Nyota.

373
00:19:23,640 --> 00:19:25,700
>> Rob: Yeah.

374
00:19:25,700 --> 00:19:26,780
Rm, dash, rf, Nyota.

375
00:19:26,780 --> 00:19:29,530
>> JOSEPH: Na kama wewe si makini
nini directory uko katika -

376
00:19:29,530 --> 00:19:33,340
Mimi si katika temp, lakini mimi nilikuwa ajali
katika nyumba directory yangu,

377
00:19:33,340 --> 00:19:35,450
basi mimi itabidi kuondoa kila kitu
katika nyumba directory yangu.

378
00:19:35,450 --> 00:19:39,095
Na nimekuwa kweli amefanya kwamba kabla, na
Nadhani umefanya kosa hii kabla au

379
00:19:39,095 --> 00:19:40,640
Jay amefanya hiyo kabla.

380
00:19:40,640 --> 00:19:42,480
>> Rob: Nimekuwa ajali kuondolewa -

381
00:19:42,480 --> 00:19:44,480
hivyo kupuuza amri hiyo kwa kidogo.

382
00:19:44,480 --> 00:19:45,800
>> JOSEPH: Si furaha.

383
00:19:45,800 --> 00:19:52,650
>> Rob: Kwa hiyo katika slash bin directory ni
kundi la binary files ambapo kutakuwa

384
00:19:52,650 --> 00:19:54,840
kuwa ndio ukoo kama Clang.

385
00:19:54,840 --> 00:20:00,740
Naam, Clang na kimsingi yote haya
mambo ambayo mimi nina mbio katika amri

386
00:20:00,740 --> 00:20:02,060
line ni katika hii slash bin directory.

387
00:20:02,060 --> 00:20:03,090
>> JOSEPH: Kama ls ni katika hapa.

388
00:20:03,090 --> 00:20:06,285
>> Rob: Kwa hiyo nukta, kufyeka, ls bila
orodha saraka hii.

389
00:20:06,285 --> 00:20:08,120
>> JOSEPH: Rm ni pia katika saraka hii.

390
00:20:08,120 --> 00:20:12,770
>> Rob: Mimi ajali rm, rf-ed bin,
ambayo kuondolewa amri yoyote mimi naweza

391
00:20:12,770 --> 00:20:14,380
uwezekano wa milele wanataka.

392
00:20:14,380 --> 00:20:18,085
Basi mimi tu reinstall
Appliance mpya katika hatua hiyo.

393
00:20:18,085 --> 00:20:20,170
>> JOSEPH: Hivyo kuwa makini sana wakati
matumizi ya amri hii.

394
00:20:20,170 --> 00:20:21,120
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]?

395
00:20:21,120 --> 00:20:22,640
>> Rob: Ndiyo.

396
00:20:22,640 --> 00:20:24,135
Hiyo pia tabia mbaya kupata ndani.

397
00:20:24,135 --> 00:20:27,920

398
00:20:27,920 --> 00:20:30,170
Kama taarifa, mimi nina sasa -

399
00:20:30,170 --> 00:20:33,580
vizuri, unaweza taarifa, lakini
yangu zoom-katika labda unaweza.

400
00:20:33,580 --> 00:20:35,360
Hivyo mimi nina sasa mzizi @ appliance.

401
00:20:35,360 --> 00:20:39,790
Hivyo jharvard ni user tunataka
wewe daima kutumia.

402
00:20:39,790 --> 00:20:43,820
Mzizi ni user ambayo ina ruhusa
kufanya kabisa kitu chochote.

403
00:20:43,820 --> 00:20:50,260
>> Hivyo taarifa wakati mimi nina jharvard,
kama mimi kujaribu cd -

404
00:20:50,260 --> 00:20:52,461
nini directory hiyo?

405
00:20:52,461 --> 00:20:53,980
Oh, mzizi ni mfano mzuri.

406
00:20:53,980 --> 00:20:54,950
Hivyo cd, mizizi.

407
00:20:54,950 --> 00:20:56,030
Ruhusa kukataliwa.

408
00:20:56,030 --> 00:21:00,060
Kwa sababu kama sisi kuangalia orodha hii -

409
00:21:00,060 --> 00:21:02,410
na tena, huna kwa
kabisa kuelewa hili.

410
00:21:02,410 --> 00:21:09,210
Lakini dashes hawa watatu akisema
kwamba si basi nyingine yoyote

411
00:21:09,210 --> 00:21:11,120
user katika saraka hii.

412
00:21:11,120 --> 00:21:14,540
Na directory hutokea kwa
kumilikiwa na user mizizi.

413
00:21:14,540 --> 00:21:20,310
>> Hivyo ukweli kwamba mimi ni jharvard na hakuna
mtu ambaye si mizizi kuruhusiwa kuingia katika

414
00:21:20,310 --> 00:21:23,490
saraka hii, hiyo ina maana kwamba mimi nina
kwenda kupata ruhusa alikanusha wakati mimi

415
00:21:23,490 --> 00:21:25,160
kujaribu cd ndani yake.

416
00:21:25,160 --> 00:21:31,370
Hivyo wakati mimi mizizi, nina ruhusa ya
kufanya kabisa kitu chochote, ikiwa ni pamoja na

417
00:21:31,370 --> 00:21:34,660
kufuta muhimu
kwa Appliance na

418
00:21:34,660 --> 00:21:36,640
kuharibu jambo nzima.

419
00:21:36,640 --> 00:21:41,240
>> Hivyo ni tabia mbaya ya kupata katika
tu waliopotea karibu yako

420
00:21:41,240 --> 00:21:43,650
mfumo wa uendeshaji kama mizizi.

421
00:21:43,650 --> 00:21:46,520
Mimi kufanya hivyo anyway.

422
00:21:46,520 --> 00:21:48,710
Maswali?

423
00:21:48,710 --> 00:21:52,230
Na mimi itabidi exit mzizi, kukaa kama jharvard.

424
00:21:52,230 --> 00:21:54,510
OK.

425
00:21:54,510 --> 00:21:55,820
>> Amri zaidi husika.

426
00:21:55,820 --> 00:22:03,975
Hivyo kwenda nyuma katika temp yetu,
mv amri anasimama kwa hoja.

427
00:22:03,975 --> 00:22:05,450
Unaweza hoja.

428
00:22:05,450 --> 00:22:07,610
Sasa tunataka kuiita b,
hivyo sasa ni kuitwa b.

429
00:22:07,610 --> 00:22:10,650
Au labda tunataka hoja
b up directory moja.

430
00:22:10,650 --> 00:22:12,730
Hivyo sasa directory hii tupu.

431
00:22:12,730 --> 00:22:15,410
Mimi itabidi kurudi nyumbani directory yangu, na
tunaona kwamba b ni katika hapa, kwa sababu

432
00:22:15,410 --> 00:22:19,230
nyumbani directory mara moja directory kutoka
directory kwamba b alikuwa in

433
00:22:19,230 --> 00:22:24,710

434
00:22:24,710 --> 00:22:26,580
>> Kuna pia linganisha.

435
00:22:26,580 --> 00:22:33,210
Hivyo cp ni nakala sehemu super,
dot, maandishi.

436
00:22:33,210 --> 00:22:35,750
Naweza kuwaita ni s, dot, maandishi.

437
00:22:35,750 --> 00:22:39,780
Sasa tuna wote sehemu super,
dot, Nakala; na s, dot, maandishi.

438
00:22:39,780 --> 00:22:41,340
Hii pia kazi juu ya directories.

439
00:22:41,340 --> 00:22:44,040

440
00:22:44,040 --> 00:22:46,560
Mimi RF-ed faili moja.

441
00:22:46,560 --> 00:22:48,200
Hivyo cp -

442
00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:51,710
vizuri, kwanza hebu jaribu cp, TMP, tmp2.

443
00:22:51,710 --> 00:22:53,220
Hivyo omitting directory TMP.

444
00:22:53,220 --> 00:22:57,440
Hivyo sawa na RM, tabia default
ni kwa si kazi ya directories.

445
00:22:57,440 --> 00:23:01,570
>> Na tena, sawa na RM, default
tabia - vizuri, kupata ni kufanya kazi

446
00:23:01,570 --> 00:23:04,230
na directories ni, dash-r mbali.

447
00:23:04,230 --> 00:23:09,240
Hivyo nakala recursively temp
directory katika tmp2.

448
00:23:09,240 --> 00:23:13,700
Na hivyo sasa tuna wote TMP na tmp2,
na kwamba si kwamba msaada tangu TMP

449
00:23:13,700 --> 00:23:16,814
ilikuwa tupu katika nafasi ya kwanza.

450
00:23:16,814 --> 00:23:18,660
Tmp2.

451
00:23:18,660 --> 00:23:22,680
>> Sasa hebu nakala TMP katika tmp2.

452
00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:27,900
Na sisi kuona kwamba tmp2 pia ina faili
a, kwa sababu directory na

453
00:23:27,900 --> 00:23:32,220
kila kitu ndani ya kwamba
directory ilipelekwa.

454
00:23:32,220 --> 00:23:36,000
Na kwamba wanaweza kuwa fulani na manufaa
kama, wanasema wewe ni kufanya kazi

455
00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:38,860
juu ya tatizo kuweka moja -

456
00:23:38,860 --> 00:23:41,320
au kweli, baadaye seti tatizo ni
muhimu zaidi, kwa sababu kuna

457
00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:43,660
itakuwa rundo zima
ya files na mambo.

458
00:23:43,660 --> 00:23:47,010
>> Lakini unataka tu, kwa ajili ya kupasuliwa
pili, wewe ni kama, sawa, mimi nina

459
00:23:47,010 --> 00:23:50,210
kwenda kujaribu kitu tofauti.

460
00:23:50,210 --> 00:23:57,860
Napenda tu nakala pset1 yangu yote
directory katika pset1 Backup ili kwamba kama

461
00:23:57,860 --> 00:24:01,490
Mimi kuishia screwing mambo up, siwezi
kurudi nyuma katika directory yangu ziada.

462
00:24:01,490 --> 00:24:07,340
Kuna njia sahihi zaidi ya
versioning inaunga mkono juu code yako, lakini

463
00:24:07,340 --> 00:24:10,610
hii ni mara njia ya haraka tu kufanya
kuhakikisha kuwa nakala ya kitu

464
00:24:10,610 --> 00:24:11,860
kwamba wewe ni kuhusu kurekebisha.

465
00:24:11,860 --> 00:24:16,974

466
00:24:16,974 --> 00:24:27,090
>> Hivyo echo ni pia amri moja-off kwamba
aina ya sillily tu magazeti kwa

467
00:24:27,090 --> 00:24:31,540
amri line nini hasa
alitaka kurudia.

468
00:24:31,540 --> 00:24:32,680
Hivyo echo hi.

469
00:24:32,680 --> 00:24:35,420
Tutaweza tu magazeti hi.

470
00:24:35,420 --> 00:24:38,030
Echo hujambo dunia.

471
00:24:38,030 --> 00:24:39,800
Tutaweza magazeti hujambo dunia.

472
00:24:39,800 --> 00:24:44,350
Kuja katika matumizi ya wakati
kuanza kuchanganya amri.

473
00:24:44,350 --> 00:24:48,300
>> Na tena, wala kutarajia wewe kabisa
kuelewa hili bado, lakini ni

474
00:24:48,300 --> 00:24:49,910
kitu kuona.

475
00:24:49,910 --> 00:24:52,470
Na kisha kama wewe ni googling kwa mifano
au wewe kutambua unataka kufanya

476
00:24:52,470 --> 00:24:55,030
kitu, inaweza kuwa na manufaa.

477
00:24:55,030 --> 00:24:59,020
Hivyo basi, kama mfano,
hivyo ls, dash, l.

478
00:24:59,020 --> 00:25:01,160
Hivyo hapa naona pato
ya ls, dash, l.

479
00:25:01,160 --> 00:25:06,560
Na mimi kusema, OK, nataka
kuhifadhi kwamba katika faili.

480
00:25:06,560 --> 00:25:11,620
Yote ya pato hii hapa, nataka
kuweka katika faili tofauti.

481
00:25:11,620 --> 00:25:16,080
>> Hivyo hii kidogo zaidi ya ishara
ni nini tunakwenda kwa simu.

482
00:25:16,080 --> 00:25:18,570
Sisi ni imetuma
pato katika faili.

483
00:25:18,570 --> 00:25:21,680
Hebu piga file blah, kwa sababu hiyo
nini mimi huwa daima simu yake.

484
00:25:21,680 --> 00:25:26,430
Hivyo sasa tunaona tuna
faili blah hapa.

485
00:25:26,430 --> 00:25:30,270
Na kama mimi kufungua it up, mimi utaona ni
hasa pato na amri

486
00:25:30,270 --> 00:25:31,990
kwamba mimi tu mbio.

487
00:25:31,990 --> 00:25:36,020
Na vile vile, unaweza -

488
00:25:36,020 --> 00:25:41,260
kama hii ilikuwa pato faili, hii
ni kupata mawazo kutoka kwa file.

489
00:25:41,260 --> 00:25:45,790

490
00:25:45,790 --> 00:25:47,050
Ni nini amri hiyo I -

491
00:25:47,050 --> 00:25:49,620
>> JOSEPH: Nadhani unaweza kutumia
kidogo au zaidi, pengine.

492
00:25:49,620 --> 00:25:53,031
>> Rob: Lakini vipi kuhusu tu chini blah?

493
00:25:53,031 --> 00:25:53,930
Mimi sijui.

494
00:25:53,930 --> 00:25:57,870
Kama wewe kuja katika hali hii, kama
kuna psets kwamba ni muhimu kwa ajili ya.

495
00:25:57,870 --> 00:25:59,950
>> JOSEPH: Unaweza bomba ndani echo.

496
00:25:59,950 --> 00:26:02,920
Bomba file katika echo kuona.

497
00:26:02,920 --> 00:26:04,060
>> Rob: Ni bomba.

498
00:26:04,060 --> 00:26:04,860
>> JOSEPH: Sorry.

499
00:26:04,860 --> 00:26:06,190
>> Rob: All wa kulia.

500
00:26:06,190 --> 00:26:12,720
Hivyo hii ni pato kwa file.

501
00:26:12,720 --> 00:26:18,700
Hii ni kupata Nakala kutoka faili
na mkono ni juu ya mpango huo.

502
00:26:18,700 --> 00:26:20,560
Na utapata pia kuona guy hii.

503
00:26:20,560 --> 00:26:24,410
Hivyo hii ni aina ya kufanya wote kwa mara moja.

504
00:26:24,410 --> 00:26:28,310
Na kwa kweli, mimi itabidi kuanzisha mbili mpya
amri tu kufanya matumizi yake.

505
00:26:28,310 --> 00:26:33,060
>> Historia ni amri Handy kwamba ni
kwenda magazeti nje orodha ya

506
00:26:33,060 --> 00:26:34,940
kitu chochote nimekuwa milele kukimbia amri line.

507
00:26:34,940 --> 00:26:38,290
Hivyo tunaona hapa kila kitu nina
mbio muda wote huu.

508
00:26:38,290 --> 00:26:39,540
Kura ya ls ya.

509
00:26:39,540 --> 00:26:41,570

510
00:26:41,570 --> 00:26:48,470
>> Na amri nyingine muhimu ni Grep kwamba
lengo lake ni kutafuta juu ya

511
00:26:48,470 --> 00:26:52,060
Nakala kutafuta sampuli, vizuri,
kuangalia kwa lolote

512
00:26:52,060 --> 00:26:53,310
unataka kuangalia.

513
00:26:53,310 --> 00:26:59,770
Na hivyo matumizi Handy hapa ni, kusema
tunataka kunyakua historia.

514
00:26:59,770 --> 00:27:03,860
Na mimi nataka kuangalia kwa amri
ambapo mimi - nini

515
00:27:03,860 --> 00:27:05,000
muhimu moja kwa kuangalia?

516
00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:06,898
>> JOSEPH: [inaudible]?

517
00:27:06,898 --> 00:27:09,710
>> Rob: Au hebu tu kuangalia kwa wote
kugusa, kwa sababu yoyote.

518
00:27:09,710 --> 00:27:13,850
Hivyo hii ni nini itakuwa kuangalia kama.

519
00:27:13,850 --> 00:27:15,560
Na huna kabisa
kuelewa kwamba.

520
00:27:15,560 --> 00:27:20,570
Lakini wazo ni hapa, historia ni kutoa
pato sawa ilivyokuwa hapa

521
00:27:20,570 --> 00:27:25,030
ambapo ni uchapishaji nje nzima
historia ya kila kitu nimekuwa milele kukimbia.

522
00:27:25,030 --> 00:27:27,030
Sisi ni kisha kupita kwamba -

523
00:27:27,030 --> 00:27:30,230
hivyo badala ya uchapishaji ni kwa screen,
tunataka kupita kwamba kwa

524
00:27:30,230 --> 00:27:34,640
amri Grep ambayo ni kuangalia kwa
matukio yote ya neno kugusa.

525
00:27:34,640 --> 00:27:40,280
>> Na hivyo kwa kutumia mchanganyiko wa
historia zana na Grep, naona, OK,

526
00:27:40,280 --> 00:27:44,820
hapa ni amri zote za nimekuwa milele
kukimbia, na hapa ni moja kwa kiasi fulani ya kawaida.

527
00:27:44,820 --> 00:27:45,510
Sisi ni chini.

528
00:27:45,510 --> 00:27:47,930
Na ni pia kunipa amri
I just mbio kwamba alikuwa

529
00:27:47,930 --> 00:27:51,240
neno kugusa ndani yake.

530
00:27:51,240 --> 00:27:58,500
Lakini bomba ni kitu pretty muhimu
kwa kuchanganya programu mbalimbali.

531
00:27:58,500 --> 00:28:04,670
Na kwa kweli, ni njia ya mkato kwa let
me pato historia ya faili blah, na

532
00:28:04,670 --> 00:28:10,190
napenda Grep kutumia faili blah
kama nini nataka kuangalia juu.

533
00:28:10,190 --> 00:28:13,460
Hivyo bomba ni njia ya mkato
kwa amri hizo mbili.

534
00:28:13,460 --> 00:28:13,950
Ndiyo.

535
00:28:13,950 --> 00:28:15,306
>> SPIKA 4: [inaudible]?

536
00:28:15,306 --> 00:28:16,556
>> Rob: Ndiyo.

537
00:28:16,556 --> 00:28:20,142

538
00:28:20,142 --> 00:28:21,110
Je, ni -

539
00:28:21,110 --> 00:28:21,858
Oh.

540
00:28:21,858 --> 00:28:24,820
Hebu mtihani.

541
00:28:24,820 --> 00:28:29,170
Hivyo paka, mbwa, samaki.

542
00:28:29,170 --> 00:28:33,770
Hivyo nataka Grep.

543
00:28:33,770 --> 00:28:37,680
Dash, r, tena, ni kwenda kuwa
recursively, hivyo nataka kuteremka chini ya

544
00:28:37,680 --> 00:28:38,870
wote directories.

545
00:28:38,870 --> 00:28:43,210
Nataka recursively Grep kwa wote -
na napenda muda kupata

546
00:28:43,210 --> 00:28:44,460
hii nje ya njia.

547
00:28:44,460 --> 00:28:48,650

548
00:28:48,650 --> 00:28:50,740
Kupuuza mimi.

549
00:28:50,740 --> 00:28:51,360
OK.

550
00:28:51,360 --> 00:28:56,740
>> Hivyo nataka muda Grep kwa
matukio yote ya neno samaki.

551
00:28:56,740 --> 00:29:00,510
Na hivyo hapa nini mimi kufanya ni grepping
recursively kwa neno samaki.

552
00:29:00,510 --> 00:29:05,410
Na nyota ina maana ya hayo yote,
files katika saraka hii.

553
00:29:05,410 --> 00:29:08,930
Na hivyo alinipa Ruhusa imekataliwa,
kwa sababu hairuhusiwi kusoma kwamba

554
00:29:08,930 --> 00:29:10,060
hasa file.

555
00:29:10,060 --> 00:29:14,040
Lakini ni kupatikana samaki katika faili, mtihani.

556
00:29:14,040 --> 00:29:18,450
>> Mimi naweza pia kusema, hasa, mimi tu
wanataka kuangalia katika file blah, katika

557
00:29:18,450 --> 00:29:19,580
kesi ambayo itakuwa si kupata kitu chochote.

558
00:29:19,580 --> 00:29:20,990
Mimi nataka tu kuangalia katika faili, mtihani.

559
00:29:20,990 --> 00:29:22,240
Ni mtapata samaki.

560
00:29:22,240 --> 00:29:25,980

561
00:29:25,980 --> 00:29:29,260
Hiyo ni amri pretty muhimu
kujua kwa ujumla.

562
00:29:29,260 --> 00:29:31,640
Kuna baadhi ya njia mbadala kwa Grep
kwamba wanatakiwa kuwa zaidi

563
00:29:31,640 --> 00:29:36,780
programu ya kirafiki, lakini mimi huwa
bado kuanguka nyuma Grep.

564
00:29:36,780 --> 00:29:38,030
Maswali?

565
00:29:38,030 --> 00:29:39,965

566
00:29:39,965 --> 00:29:40,919
OK.

567
00:29:40,919 --> 00:29:42,520
>> Je, kuna amri nyingine?

568
00:29:42,520 --> 00:29:45,270
Oh.

569
00:29:45,270 --> 00:29:48,370
Moja tu-off moja kwamba mimi daima
kupata kuwa na furaha ni cal.

570
00:29:48,370 --> 00:29:55,610
Hivyo taarifa wakati mimi niko katika hii nzuri
full-screen mode, mimi sina juu kama

571
00:29:55,610 --> 00:29:56,720
toolbar au kitu chochote.

572
00:29:56,720 --> 00:29:59,530
Hivyo cal tu anatoa me nzuri kidogo
kalenda hiyo ni haki

573
00:29:59,530 --> 00:30:02,380
sasa kukatwa, mimi kudhani.

574
00:30:02,380 --> 00:30:04,770
Lakini nzuri amri kidogo.

575
00:30:04,770 --> 00:30:06,540
>> JOSEPH: Ni [inaudible].

576
00:30:06,540 --> 00:30:09,170
Amri nyingine ambayo unaweza kuwa
kuonekana ni pamoja na Clang na kufanya.

577
00:30:09,170 --> 00:30:11,180
Tutaweza kwenda juu yao katika
undani zaidi baadaye.

578
00:30:11,180 --> 00:30:13,400
Lakini kama wewe tumekuwa kazi
Pset, unapaswa kuwa na

579
00:30:13,400 --> 00:30:15,160
ukoo na hayo.

580
00:30:15,160 --> 00:30:16,640
>> Rob: All wa kulia.

581
00:30:16,640 --> 00:30:18,520
Maswali juu ya mstari amri mambo?

582
00:30:18,520 --> 00:30:22,450

583
00:30:22,450 --> 00:30:23,260
Sawa.

584
00:30:23,260 --> 00:30:27,416
Hivyo basi hoja juu ya baadhi
C-kuhusiana mambo ya ajabu.

585
00:30:27,416 --> 00:30:28,666
Vigezo math.

586
00:30:28,666 --> 00:30:39,078

587
00:30:39,078 --> 00:30:40,060
OK.

588
00:30:40,060 --> 00:30:45,230
Hivyo tu kama sisi tulikuwa na math katika Scratch,
unaweza pia kutumia math katika C.

589
00:30:45,230 --> 00:30:49,270
>> Kabla ya sisi kupata kwamba kabisa,
hivyo vigezo.

590
00:30:49,270 --> 00:30:53,920
Kumbuka kwamba wakati wowote kutangaza
variable kama int x au kuelea y, wewe

591
00:30:53,920 --> 00:30:56,710
na kuwapa aina kabla ya
jina kutofautiana.

592
00:30:56,710 --> 00:31:03,020
Hivyo aina tumeona hadi sasa ni int,
kuelea, mara mbili, kwa muda mrefu muda mrefu, ambayo mimi

593
00:31:03,020 --> 00:31:06,150
si kweli kujua kama tumekuwa
kuonekana kwamba hadi sasa.

594
00:31:06,150 --> 00:31:07,700
>> Kuna baadhi ya wale wengine.

595
00:31:07,700 --> 00:31:09,990
Tumekuwa kuona char.

596
00:31:09,990 --> 00:31:13,920
Kuna fupi, ambayo ni kama ni
kinyume cha muda mrefu kwa muda mrefu ambapo ni

597
00:31:13,920 --> 00:31:16,650
ndogo kuliko integer.

598
00:31:16,650 --> 00:31:18,580
Sisi pia kuonekana kamba.

599
00:31:18,580 --> 00:31:23,070
Kwa hiyo kile ni maalum kuhusu kamba?

600
00:31:23,070 --> 00:31:25,350
Kwa nini mimi kusema ni
si kabisa kama int?

601
00:31:25,350 --> 00:31:27,030
>> SPIKA 4: Ni kweli haina kuwepo.

602
00:31:27,030 --> 00:31:27,990
>> Rob: Yeah.

603
00:31:27,990 --> 00:31:31,820
Hivyo sababu tu tuna string
ni kwa sababu wakati wa kufanya

604
00:31:31,820 --> 00:31:33,215
hash, ni pamoja na cs50.h.

605
00:31:33,215 --> 00:31:36,530

606
00:31:36,530 --> 00:31:42,670
Na tutaweza kuona mifano ya hili baadaye -
oh, hiyo haina kushughulikia kwamba vizuri -

607
00:31:42,670 --> 00:31:46,160
ambapo cs50.h ni kufanya kitu
pamoja na mistari ya aina

608
00:31:46,160 --> 00:31:49,230
def, char nyota, kamba.

609
00:31:49,230 --> 00:31:53,280
>> Na ili kusema kwamba sisi kufanya hata
kujua nini nyota char ni bado.

610
00:31:53,280 --> 00:31:56,770
Lakini hii ni kusema tunataka kamba.

611
00:31:56,770 --> 00:32:00,250
Sehemu yoyote tumekuwa kutumia kamba, wewe
wangeweza kutumia char nyota,

612
00:32:00,250 --> 00:32:04,670
ambayo kwa kweli ni aina hiyo
ipo katika C lugha.

613
00:32:04,670 --> 00:32:06,680
Lakini tutaweza kupata hiyo.

614
00:32:06,680 --> 00:32:07,860
Oh, na huenda haki ya nyuma.

615
00:32:07,860 --> 00:32:10,170
Nadhifu.

616
00:32:10,170 --> 00:32:15,370
>> Kitu hivyo sawa na bool
ambapo kweli na uongo.

617
00:32:15,370 --> 00:32:22,510
Hiyo ni kweli kujengwa katika aina katika C.
Badala yake, ni tu, je, hii na

618
00:32:22,510 --> 00:32:23,740
thamani zero?

619
00:32:23,740 --> 00:32:26,200
Kisha tutaweza tu kufikiria
kuwa ni ya uongo.

620
00:32:26,200 --> 00:32:27,350
Je hii kuwa thamani -

621
00:32:27,350 --> 00:32:30,530
vizuri, je, hii na yoyote
thamani ya kwamba ni si sifuri?

622
00:32:30,530 --> 00:32:32,200
Kisha tutaweza kufikiria kuwa ni kweli.

623
00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:35,940
Hivyo moja ni kweli, wawili ni kweli,
kitu chochote nonzero ni kweli.

624
00:32:35,940 --> 00:32:38,710

625
00:32:38,710 --> 00:32:42,790
Basi hizo hizo.

626
00:32:42,790 --> 00:32:47,624
Maswali juu ya kutangaza vigezo na
aina kutofautiana na yote hayo?

627
00:32:47,624 --> 00:32:48,100
Yeah.

628
00:32:48,100 --> 00:32:52,384
>> SPIKA 4: Kwa muda mrefu kwa muda mrefu, katika kitabu,
alisema alikuwa na kuwa kwa muda mrefu kwa muda mrefu int.

629
00:32:52,384 --> 00:32:54,288
Lakini tu kwa muda mrefu kwa muda mrefu kazi?

630
00:32:54,288 --> 00:32:58,210

631
00:32:58,210 --> 00:33:01,470
>> Rob: Kwa hiyo modifiers aina hizi.

632
00:33:01,470 --> 00:33:04,170
Hivyo int x.

633
00:33:04,170 --> 00:33:07,710
Ili tuweze pia kusema unsigned int x.

634
00:33:07,710 --> 00:33:09,640
Tunaweza kusema short int x.

635
00:33:09,640 --> 00:33:12,570
Tunaweza kusema kwa muda mrefu kwa muda mrefu int x.

636
00:33:12,570 --> 00:33:17,250
Lakini pretty much yeyote mambo hayo mimi
tu alisema, unsigned int, short int,

637
00:33:17,250 --> 00:33:21,480
muda mrefu muda mrefu int, unaweza kujikwamua ya
int na itakuwa tu kudhani

638
00:33:21,480 --> 00:33:22,510
kwamba maana int.

639
00:33:22,510 --> 00:33:26,045
Hivyo unsigned x, ambayo ina maana ya -

640
00:33:26,045 --> 00:33:29,400
unajua jinsi ya kawaida na int,
unaweza kusema x sawa na hasi 3?

641
00:33:29,400 --> 00:33:31,636
Pamoja na unsigned int, huwezi.

642
00:33:31,636 --> 00:33:34,480
>> JOSEPH: Na tena, kwa kamera,
Swali ni kuwa, nini tofauti

643
00:33:34,480 --> 00:33:37,796
kati ya muda mrefu muda mrefu int
na tu muda mrefu?

644
00:33:37,796 --> 00:33:38,410
>> Rob: Yeah.

645
00:33:38,410 --> 00:33:42,850
Hivyo mimi karibu kamwe
kuandika muda mrefu muda mrefu int.

646
00:33:42,850 --> 00:33:44,100
Nitaandika muda mrefu kwa muda mrefu.

647
00:33:44,100 --> 00:33:47,770

648
00:33:47,770 --> 00:33:50,636
>> JOSEPH: maswali yoyote?

649
00:33:50,636 --> 00:33:51,886
>> Rob: OK.

650
00:33:51,886 --> 00:33:56,180

651
00:33:56,180 --> 00:34:02,390
Hivyo silly kidogo kumbukumbu ya kwamba ni jinsi gani
sisi kutangaza kutofautiana na initialize

652
00:34:02,390 --> 00:34:04,450
kutofautiana na kutangaza mwingine
kutofautiana na initialize

653
00:34:04,450 --> 00:34:05,870
yote katika hatua moja.

654
00:34:05,870 --> 00:34:09,370
Hivyo tamko la kutofautiana na
initialization variable hawana

655
00:34:09,370 --> 00:34:11,120
kwa lakini inaweza kuwa juu ya mstari huo.

656
00:34:11,120 --> 00:34:15,409

657
00:34:15,409 --> 00:34:20,060
>> Hivyo tuna kiwango operators math
kwamba wewe ni kutumika kwa -

658
00:34:20,060 --> 00:34:22,199
plus, minus, kugawanya, mara kwa mara.

659
00:34:22,199 --> 00:34:24,389
Kuna pia modulo, ambayo tutaweza kuona.

660
00:34:24,389 --> 00:34:29,060
Kuna si, angalau katika
C, kujengwa kwa nguvu

661
00:34:29,060 --> 00:34:31,765
exponentiation kareti operator.

662
00:34:31,765 --> 00:34:33,770
Naam, kuna kareti operator,
lakini siyo nguvu.

663
00:34:33,770 --> 00:34:34,239
>> JOSEPH: Lakini si exponentiation,
ndiyo.

664
00:34:34,239 --> 00:34:36,210
>> Rob: Je, si kutumia kareti
kudhani kwamba maana yake ni

665
00:34:36,210 --> 00:34:39,980
kama squared au chochote.

666
00:34:39,980 --> 00:34:42,289
Hivyo baadhi ya mambo ya kuweka katika
akili juu ya mgawanyiko.

667
00:34:42,289 --> 00:34:46,282

668
00:34:46,282 --> 00:34:48,880
Mimi itabidi kusimama.

669
00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:51,315
Hivyo alitangaza initialize jibu.

670
00:34:51,315 --> 00:34:54,670
Hivyo sisi ni kusema kuelea jibu
sawa na 1 kugawanywa na 10.

671
00:34:54,670 --> 00:34:57,500
Magazeti jibu kwa maeneo mawili decimal.

672
00:34:57,500 --> 00:35:02,180
>> Na hii ni aina ya kitu ambayo mimi
ingekuwa mtu printf kufikiri kwamba

673
00:35:02,180 --> 00:35:05,110
nini heck haina%, dot, 2f maana yake nini?

674
00:35:05,110 --> 00:35:07,930
Na kwamba tu ina maana, vizuri,
kupuuza 0.2.

675
00:35:07,930 --> 00:35:10,420
Na%, f ni nini sisi kutumia
magazeti kwa kuelea.

676
00:35:10,420 --> 00:35:15,370
0.2 ni kusema, magazeti kwamba
kuelea kwa maeneo mawili decimal.

677
00:35:15,370 --> 00:35:19,600
Hivyo mpango huu mdudu, na unaweza
tumeona hii kabla ya katika baadhi

678
00:35:19,600 --> 00:35:20,870
CS kabla ya kozi.

679
00:35:20,870 --> 00:35:22,170
Lakini ni nini kwamba mdudu?

680
00:35:22,170 --> 00:35:23,050
>> SPIKA 5: Zero.

681
00:35:23,050 --> 00:35:24,130
>> Rob: Yeah.

682
00:35:24,130 --> 00:35:29,630
Hivyo wakati sisi kusema, jibu ni sawa na
1 kugawanywa na 10, tunataka

683
00:35:29,630 --> 00:35:31,610
kujibu kuwa 0.1.

684
00:35:31,610 --> 00:35:37,450
Lakini 1 kugawanywa na 10, 1 ni
integer, 10 ni integer.

685
00:35:37,450 --> 00:35:41,060
Na hivyo wakati sisi kufanya integer kugawanywa na
integer, tunakwenda kupata nyuma

686
00:35:41,060 --> 00:35:42,190
integer.

687
00:35:42,190 --> 00:35:43,660
Hivyo 1 kugawanywa na 10 ni 0.1.

688
00:35:43,660 --> 00:35:46,760
>> Tangu inahitaji kutupa integer,
ni tu kwenda kutupa kwamba

689
00:35:46,760 --> 00:35:49,410
mahali decimal na kusema kwamba
jibu ni 0.

690
00:35:49,410 --> 00:35:55,314
Na hivyo wakati sisi magazeti kujibu hapa,
ni kwenda magazeti 0.00.

691
00:35:55,314 --> 00:35:58,430
>> JOSEPH: Na kama note, ni kweli
kumtupia mbali nini baada ya

692
00:35:58,430 --> 00:35:59,390
decimal uhakika.

693
00:35:59,390 --> 00:36:03,180
Hivyo kama wewe badala yake alikuwa 6 kugawanywa na 10,
unaweza kufikiri kwamba ingekuwa kukupa

694
00:36:03,180 --> 00:36:05,200
0.6 na basi ingekuwa pande zote hadi 1.

695
00:36:05,200 --> 00:36:10,520
Lakini kwa kweli, kile kinachotokea wakati ni aina
kazi yake ni kwamba matone ni nini

696
00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:11,470
baada ya uhakika decimal.

697
00:36:11,470 --> 00:36:13,020
Hivyo 0.6 gani kuwa 0.

698
00:36:13,020 --> 00:36:13,370
>> Rob: Yeah.

699
00:36:13,370 --> 00:36:15,160
Na tutaweza kusema Truncate kwa ajili hiyo.

700
00:36:15,160 --> 00:36:21,760
Hivyo wakati wowote kutupwa int,
decimal ni truncated.

701
00:36:21,760 --> 00:36:23,980
Hivyo fix kwa kuwa - kuna
kweli mbili.

702
00:36:23,980 --> 00:36:27,890
Na mimi nina kwenda kufanya hivyo pili, kwa sababu
hii ni moja ya kurekebisha rahisi sana.

703
00:36:27,890 --> 00:36:32,670
>> Hivyo fix moja ni kutumia ikifungwa
katika mgawanyiko.

704
00:36:32,670 --> 00:36:34,720
Na kwa kweli, wewe tu na
kufanya mmoja wao kuelea.

705
00:36:34,720 --> 00:36:37,400
Lakini ni kiasi fulani wazi tu
kufanya wote wawili ikifungwa.

706
00:36:37,400 --> 00:36:41,170
Hivyo 1.0 kugawanywa na 10.0 ni
kugawa ikifungwa mbili.

707
00:36:41,170 --> 00:36:43,970
Hivyo jibu kuishia kuwa
kuelea, na hivyo utakuwa

708
00:36:43,970 --> 00:36:48,050
usahihi magazeti 0.10 hapa.

709
00:36:48,050 --> 00:36:52,220
>> Kitu ambacho si kazi vizuri
kuhusu, yaani, vizuri, hakika, ilikuwa ni rahisi

710
00:36:52,220 --> 00:36:56,240
kutosha kubadilisha 1 kwa
kuelea kwa kufanya hivyo 1.0.

711
00:36:56,240 --> 00:37:02,180
Lakini nini kama badala tulikuwa integers mbili
kama int x sawa na 1 na int y

712
00:37:02,180 --> 00:37:05,660
sawa na 10, na kisha tulitaka
ya kufanya x kugawanywa na y?

713
00:37:05,660 --> 00:37:10,420
Hivyo si rahisi tu
kufanya x.0 au kitu.

714
00:37:10,420 --> 00:37:12,790
>> Hivyo fix kwa kuwa ni akitoa.

715
00:37:12,790 --> 00:37:19,780
Hivyo akitoa ni njia C kubadili
kutoka kwa mmoja variable ya aina nyingine.

716
00:37:19,780 --> 00:37:22,320
Hivyo hapa, 1 ni integer.

717
00:37:22,320 --> 00:37:27,050
Na kwa kuweka kuelea hii mbele ya
yake, sisi ni akitoa 1 kwa kuelea.

718
00:37:27,050 --> 00:37:30,350
Na hivyo hii itakuwa kubadilisha
1-1.0.

719
00:37:30,350 --> 00:37:33,380
Na hii kubadilisha
10-10.0.

720
00:37:33,380 --> 00:37:36,790
>> Na kisha mambo kuishi vile vile kwa
toleo la awali sisi tu ilionyesha

721
00:37:36,790 --> 00:37:42,190
ambapo, kama ilivyotarajiwa, sisi kupata 0.10
na kutakuwa na magazeti kwamba.

722
00:37:42,190 --> 00:37:44,120
Na tunaweza kufanya hivyo kwa
vigezo, pia.

723
00:37:44,120 --> 00:37:47,376
Kwa hiyo tunaweza kusema, kuelea x
kugawanywa na kuelea y.

724
00:37:47,376 --> 00:37:48,626
>> JOSEPH: maswali yoyote?

725
00:37:48,626 --> 00:37:54,182

726
00:37:54,182 --> 00:38:00,090
>> Rob: Hivyo tu kama katika math mara kwa mara,
tuna operator kuendelezwa.

727
00:38:00,090 --> 00:38:06,960
Hivyo katika math darasani, wewe ni zaidi uwezekano
kuiita utaratibu wa shughuli.

728
00:38:06,960 --> 00:38:09,890
Hapa, rasmi mrefu ni
operator kuendelezwa.

729
00:38:09,890 --> 00:38:15,230
Lakini operator precedence, au zaidi
operators, ni kama ungependa kutarajia.

730
00:38:15,230 --> 00:38:22,660
>> Hivyo tu kama katika math, mara 2 10 ni
kwenda kuwa makundi karibu zaidi kuliko

731
00:38:22,660 --> 00:38:25,410
hii 10 kugawanywa na 2 na kisha 2.

732
00:38:25,410 --> 00:38:29,745
utaratibu wa shughuli, itakuwa kufanya 2
mara 10, 10 kugawanywa na 2, na kisha

733
00:38:29,745 --> 00:38:32,720
kutakuwa na kufanya 20 plus 5 plus 2.

734
00:38:32,720 --> 00:38:37,020
Hivyo ni kama ilivyotarajiwa, na unaweza kutumia
mabano kwa maneno kikundi.

735
00:38:37,020 --> 00:38:41,063
Huwezi kutumia mabano mraba
kwa maneno kikundi.

736
00:38:41,063 --> 00:38:41,544
Yeah?

737
00:38:41,544 --> 00:38:43,468
>> SPIKA 5: Je, unaweza kweli
tu kwenda nyuma pili moja?

738
00:38:43,468 --> 00:38:47,316
Je, unaweza kutupwa int kwa kamba?

739
00:38:47,316 --> 00:38:53,330
>> Rob: Kwa hiyo katika C, unaweza kutupwa kitu chochote
unataka kitu chochote unataka.

740
00:38:53,330 --> 00:38:55,600
Hiyo haina maana ni
jambo zuri la kufanya.

741
00:38:55,600 --> 00:38:59,760
Hivyo wakati wewe kutupwa int kwa
kamba, hiyo ina maana -

742
00:38:59,760 --> 00:39:03,240
na tutaweza kupata katika hili
zaidi kabisa -

743
00:39:03,240 --> 00:39:03,720
>> JOSEPH: Mengi baadaye.

744
00:39:03,720 --> 00:39:06,840
>> Rob: Mimi hakutaka kusema mengi baadaye,
hivyo mimi alijaribu kubadili uamuzi wangu.

745
00:39:06,840 --> 00:39:13,370
Tutaweza kupata ndani yake mengi vizuri zaidi
baadaye ambapo kweli wakati una

746
00:39:13,370 --> 00:39:14,810
kamba kutofautiana -

747
00:39:14,810 --> 00:39:17,160
hivyo kamba inaweza kuwa kiholela
muda mrefu, sawa?

748
00:39:17,160 --> 00:39:21,850
Na tumekuwa kusema kwamba int ni
ka nne na muda mrefu muda mrefu ni nane

749
00:39:21,850 --> 00:39:23,620
ka na kuelea ni ka nne.

750
00:39:23,620 --> 00:39:29,520
Hivyo kamba, kama int, ina tu
idadi fulani ya ka yake.

751
00:39:29,520 --> 00:39:31,800
Na kwamba itakuwa ka nne.

752
00:39:31,800 --> 00:39:34,750
>> Lakini kamba inaweza kuwa pretty
kiholela kwa muda mrefu, sawa?

753
00:39:34,750 --> 00:39:40,190
Hivyo hujambo dunia tayari, kama kwamba ni 10
wahusika au chochote, kwamba tayari

754
00:39:40,190 --> 00:39:42,670
kwenda kuwa juu ya 4 ka
Mimi inaweza kufaa katika kamba.

755
00:39:42,670 --> 00:39:51,140
Na hivyo ni jinsi gani masharti kweli kazi ni kwamba
wao ni ambapo katika kumbukumbu kamba kwamba

756
00:39:51,140 --> 00:39:52,380
ni kuwa naendelea.

757
00:39:52,380 --> 00:39:57,290
>> Na hivyo zaidi ya hapa, wakati mimi kusema string x
sawa na hujambo dunia, ndani ya x ni

758
00:39:57,290 --> 00:40:01,840
kusema tu, oh, hello dunia ni kuhifadhiwa
katika eneo hili hasa katika kumbukumbu.

759
00:40:01,840 --> 00:40:07,060
Hivyo kama sisi kujaribu kutupwa integer kwa
kamba, kisha sisi ni kujaribu kutafsiri

760
00:40:07,060 --> 00:40:10,500
baadhi ya sehemu random ya kumbukumbu
kama kamba.

761
00:40:10,500 --> 00:40:14,465
Na kwamba karibu kila mara mapumziko mambo.

762
00:40:14,465 --> 00:40:17,040
>> JOSEPH: Lakini kama confuses
wewe, tutaweza kuwa na kufunika

763
00:40:17,040 --> 00:40:17,550
zaidi katika kina baadaye.

764
00:40:17,550 --> 00:40:17,850
>> Rob: Yeah.

765
00:40:17,850 --> 00:40:20,540
Hii ni wapi utaenda
kupata katika kuyatumia.

766
00:40:20,540 --> 00:40:25,485
Na kwamba ni chunk kubwa
ya wiki mbili ya kozi hii.

767
00:40:25,485 --> 00:40:28,275
>> SPIKA 6: Je, ni kazi kama vitu
katika lugha nyingine au si kweli?

768
00:40:28,275 --> 00:40:34,050
>> Rob: Kwa hiyo katika lugha nyingine, vitu
itakuwa kuwakilishwa kwa kutumia kuyatumia.

769
00:40:34,050 --> 00:40:37,070

770
00:40:37,070 --> 00:40:38,793
Ni si kitu kimoja, ingawa.

771
00:40:38,793 --> 00:40:42,110

772
00:40:42,110 --> 00:40:42,910
Mawazo yoyote?

773
00:40:42,910 --> 00:40:43,760
>> JOSEPH: Hapana

774
00:40:43,760 --> 00:40:44,185
No mawazo.

775
00:40:44,185 --> 00:40:44,980
>> Rob: OK.

776
00:40:44,980 --> 00:40:46,994
>> JOSEPH: Next.

777
00:40:46,994 --> 00:40:48,255
>> Rob: Tu kwenda na kwamba.

778
00:40:48,255 --> 00:40:48,670
Sawa.

779
00:40:48,670 --> 00:40:51,120
Hivyo modulo.

780
00:40:51,120 --> 00:40:53,900
Tu kama sisi na plus, minus,
kugawanya, na kuzidisha.

781
00:40:53,900 --> 00:40:56,720
Hivyo modulo ni moja unaweza
kuwa na kuona mbele.

782
00:40:56,720 --> 00:40:59,540
Na tu anasema, kutoa
mimi salio ya.

783
00:40:59,540 --> 00:41:02,850
Hivyo 55% 10.

784
00:41:02,850 --> 00:41:06,840
salio ya kufanya 55 kugawanywa
na 10 itakuwa 5.

785
00:41:06,840 --> 00:41:09,630
Hivyo 55% 10 ni 5.

786
00:41:09,630 --> 00:41:12,260
Na 3% 5 itakuwa 3.

787
00:41:12,260 --> 00:41:14,180
8% 8 itakuwa 0.

788
00:41:14,180 --> 00:41:15,903
16% 15 itakuwa 1.

789
00:41:15,903 --> 00:41:20,670
>> JOSEPH: Jambo moja kukumbuka na hii,
pia, ni wanaweza kufanya kazi kama ilivyotarajiwa

790
00:41:20,670 --> 00:41:22,700
kama wewe kutumia namba hasi.

791
00:41:22,700 --> 00:41:26,215
Hasi 5% 4, baadhi ya watu
kufikiri kwamba ni -

792
00:41:26,215 --> 00:41:28,890

793
00:41:28,890 --> 00:41:33,808
gani unafikiri hasi
5% 4 itakuwa?

794
00:41:33,808 --> 00:41:34,792
>> SPIKA 5: One.

795
00:41:34,792 --> 00:41:37,920
>> JOSEPH: Kwa hiyo baadhi ya watu wanasema moja,
baadhi ya watu wanasema hasi moja.

796
00:41:37,920 --> 00:41:38,450
Lakini ni nini -

797
00:41:38,450 --> 00:41:40,820
>> Rob: Mimi bila hata kuwa
alisema mmoja wa wale.

798
00:41:40,820 --> 00:41:42,370
>> JOSEPH: Two, sorry.

799
00:41:42,370 --> 00:41:43,240
Baadhi ya watu wanasema -

800
00:41:43,240 --> 00:41:43,450
>> Rob: Tatu.

801
00:41:43,450 --> 00:41:43,800
>> JOSEPH: Tatu?

802
00:41:43,800 --> 00:41:44,890
>> Rob: Negative -

803
00:41:44,890 --> 00:41:45,950
nini - hasi tano -

804
00:41:45,950 --> 00:41:47,100
>> JOSEPH: Tatu, tatu, tatu.

805
00:41:47,100 --> 00:41:48,450
Sorry.

806
00:41:48,450 --> 00:41:51,910
Kwa sababu modulo, kwa ujumla, wakati wameweza
kuonekana mahali pengine, ni kawaida maana

807
00:41:51,910 --> 00:41:54,000
kurudi idadi chanya, sawa?

808
00:41:54,000 --> 00:42:01,160
>> Rob: Hivyo wakati sisi kusema katika math, 10% ya,
wao huwa na nataka kukupa -

809
00:42:01,160 --> 00:42:05,980
kama sisi Mod na 10, basi tunatarajia
kupata idadi kati ya 0 na 9.

810
00:42:05,980 --> 00:42:09,860
Katika hapa, kwamba si kesi hiyo
kupata idadi hasi akarudi.

811
00:42:09,860 --> 00:42:15,898
>> JOSEPH: Kwa hiyo hasi 5%
4 itakuwa mbaya 1.

812
00:42:15,898 --> 00:42:19,325
>> Rob: Lakini ni nadra kuwa wewe ni mod-ing
idadi hasi kwa kuanzia.

813
00:42:19,325 --> 00:42:25,490

814
00:42:25,490 --> 00:42:25,970
Ruka hii.

815
00:42:25,970 --> 00:42:27,314
>> JOSEPH: Yeah.

816
00:42:27,314 --> 00:42:29,420
>> Rob: Meh.

817
00:42:29,420 --> 00:42:29,990
OK.

818
00:42:29,990 --> 00:42:36,400
Hivyo jambo moja mwisho kwa uhakika kuhusu
ikifungwa ni ni tabia hatari,

819
00:42:36,400 --> 00:42:39,850
lakini ikifungwa ni si halisi
uwakilishi.

820
00:42:39,850 --> 00:42:46,190
Hivyo kurejea ka tena, kumbuka
kwamba int ni daima ka nne na a

821
00:42:46,190 --> 00:42:47,830
kuelea ni daima ka nne.

822
00:42:47,830 --> 00:42:51,340
Basi mfano Lucas ni nzuri.

823
00:42:51,340 --> 00:42:55,730
>> Hivyo kufikiri ya 1 kugawanywa na 3.

824
00:42:55,730 --> 00:42:57,800
Hivyo 0.3333333.

825
00:42:57,800 --> 00:43:03,540
Kama mimi tu na bits 32, jinsi gani
Mimi kuhifadhi 0.33333 hasa?

826
00:43:03,540 --> 00:43:07,250
Na labda, kwa sababu yoyote, unaweza kusema,
yote ya haki, vizuri, hebu sema tu

827
00:43:07,250 --> 00:43:13,210
kwamba hii hasa 1011001, hebu
tu kusema kwamba lazima 0.333333.

828
00:43:13,210 --> 00:43:16,960
Naam, una idadi mahususi ya
bits hizo, hivyo ni vigumu

829
00:43:16,960 --> 00:43:22,550
kuwakilisha kila moja hatua floating
thamani kutokana na bits 32 tu.

830
00:43:22,550 --> 00:43:25,580
>> Naam, ni vigumu kuwakilisha yoyote
thamani yaliyo hatua kutokana na usio -

831
00:43:25,580 --> 00:43:28,480
vizuri, kutokana na idadi yoyote mahususi ya bits.

832
00:43:28,480 --> 00:43:38,265
Hivyo suala hapa ni vizuri, wakati sisi kutumika
magazeti kwa maeneo mawili decimal,

833
00:43:38,265 --> 00:43:42,000
hatukuwa usahihi kupata jibu 0.10.

834
00:43:42,000 --> 00:43:47,510
Lakini chini ya Hood, ni kweli
kuwa kuhifadhiwa karibu kama inawezekana kwa

835
00:43:47,510 --> 00:43:51,790
0.10 kama bits wale wanaweza kuwakilisha.

836
00:43:51,790 --> 00:43:53,200
Je, hii ni juu ya slide ijayo?

837
00:43:53,200 --> 00:43:53,830
Au siyo?

838
00:43:53,830 --> 00:43:54,660
>> JOSEPH: Yeah, ni kwamba.

839
00:43:54,660 --> 00:43:55,750
>> Rob: Blegh, blegh.

840
00:43:55,750 --> 00:43:57,760
>> JOSEPH: Yeah, unaweza tu
kuvuta maelezo juu kidogo.

841
00:43:57,760 --> 00:43:59,700
>> Rob: Mimi tu kwenda kuvuta
katika siku ya mwisho juu ya hilo.

842
00:43:59,700 --> 00:44:00,950
Oh gosh wangu, kwamba [inaudible].

843
00:44:00,950 --> 00:44:06,089

844
00:44:06,089 --> 00:44:08,300
Hivyo idadi hiyo.

845
00:44:08,300 --> 00:44:12,300
Hiyo ni nini itakuwa kuchapishwa
kama sisi kukimbia mpango huo.

846
00:44:12,300 --> 00:44:20,340
Na taarifa kwamba si kweli mpango mkubwa
kama sisi ni tu kujali juu ya kama

847
00:44:20,340 --> 00:44:21,920
2:58 maeneo decimal.

848
00:44:21,920 --> 00:44:26,700
Kama sisi tu awali kuchapishwa 0.10,
na kwamba ni kwa nini tuliona kitu kibaya.

849
00:44:26,700 --> 00:44:31,380
Lakini mara sisi kuanza kupata katika
halisi, idadi halisi kwamba ni

850
00:44:31,380 --> 00:44:35,660
anayewakilisha, tunaona kwamba hawawezi
hasa kuwakilisha 0.1.

851
00:44:35,660 --> 00:44:40,900
>> Na sehemu ya tatizo hapa ni kama,
yote ya haki, kwamba ni sawa, lakini, vizuri,

852
00:44:40,900 --> 00:44:46,120
kwanza, nini kama sisi alivyojaribu kufanya
jibu ni sawa na ni sawa na 0.1?

853
00:44:46,120 --> 00:44:49,200
Ni kwamba kwenda na kurudi kweli au uongo?

854
00:44:49,200 --> 00:44:51,850
Na hivyo ni vigumu kusema.

855
00:44:51,850 --> 00:44:53,330
Nadhani ni kweli ili kurudi kweli.

856
00:44:53,330 --> 00:44:55,265
Je, ni ya kwanza -

857
00:44:55,265 --> 00:44:56,180
Mimi sijui.

858
00:44:56,180 --> 00:45:00,090
jibu ni mara moja kuanza kushughulika
na maadili ya hatua floating, wewe pretty

859
00:45:00,090 --> 00:45:05,150
sana haipaswi kutumia usawa
kwa sababu ya kutokuwa sahihi hii.

860
00:45:05,150 --> 00:45:09,470
>> Na kwa wote mnajua, ni mia
mahali decimal kwamba

861
00:45:09,470 --> 00:45:13,670
yaliyo hatua hakuwa na uwezo
kwa usahihi kushughulikia.

862
00:45:13,670 --> 00:45:18,180
Na hivyo usawa tu kushindwa hata
ingawa idadi - kama ungalikuwa

863
00:45:18,180 --> 00:45:24,450
kutumia idadi kamili, idadi lazima
wamekuwa sawa.

864
00:45:24,450 --> 00:45:27,790
Ni katika kipindi cha kama 50
mahesabu ya kutumia hizi yaliyo

865
00:45:27,790 --> 00:45:30,270
maadili uhakika, makosa unaweza kujenga
juu na juu na juu, na

866
00:45:30,270 --> 00:45:31,125
mambo tu kupata vibaya.

867
00:45:31,125 --> 00:45:33,870
>> JOSEPH: Na kumekuwa na kweli
mifano maarufu ya kinachotokea hii.

868
00:45:33,870 --> 00:45:37,190
Kama NASA wahandisi waliopata hii
makosa, na kusababisha makombora kulipuka katika

869
00:45:37,190 --> 00:45:38,665
hewa baada ya wao tumekuwa ilizindua.

870
00:45:38,665 --> 00:45:41,490
Na kura ya masuala kama hayo.

871
00:45:41,490 --> 00:45:41,956
Hivyo yeah.

872
00:45:41,956 --> 00:45:45,218
>> SPIKA 6: Baada ya kusema 0.3 f,
gani butu ya yale mengine?

873
00:45:45,218 --> 00:45:46,468
Au gani pande zote juu au chini?

874
00:45:46,468 --> 00:45:48,800

875
00:45:48,800 --> 00:45:50,200
>> Rob: Je printf pande zote ni?

876
00:45:50,200 --> 00:45:52,180
>> JOSEPH: Nadhani truncates printf.

877
00:45:52,180 --> 00:45:52,640
>> Rob: OK.

878
00:45:52,640 --> 00:45:59,890
Ili tuweze vile vile kwenda katika kinyume
mwelekeo wa hii ambapo, katika kesi hii,

879
00:45:59,890 --> 00:46:03,320
karibu inaweza kuwakilisha
0.1 alikuwa pamoja na idadi hii.

880
00:46:03,320 --> 00:46:06,820
karibu ni kuwa na uwezo wa
kuwakilisha 0.2 ni katika kinyume

881
00:46:06,820 --> 00:46:11,420
mwelekeo, .199999996356
au kitu.

882
00:46:11,420 --> 00:46:17,480
Hivyo kama sisi akaenda katika mwelekeo wa
mambo, basi printf 0.3 f atarudi

883
00:46:17,480 --> 00:46:20,866
1.99 badala ya 2.00.

884
00:46:20,866 --> 00:46:22,960
>> JOSEPH: Na mimi nina kabisa
uhakika juu ya hilo.

885
00:46:22,960 --> 00:46:25,430
Unaweza kutaka kuandika kidogo, kidogo
mpango wa kuangalia tu.

886
00:46:25,430 --> 00:46:29,370
>> Rob: Ingawa, sisi ni uhakika wa nini ni kwamba
kama walijaribu kuwafukuza kwamba

887
00:46:29,370 --> 00:46:33,660
int, na akitoa kwa int ni kwenda
kusababisha kwa butu decimal, kama

888
00:46:33,660 --> 00:46:38,140
wewe kujaribu kutupwa 1.9999999
kwa int, utapata 1.

889
00:46:38,140 --> 00:46:41,440
Na hivyo unapaswa ujumla kutumia
kazi pande zote katika maktaba math.

890
00:46:41,440 --> 00:46:44,190

891
00:46:44,190 --> 00:46:45,440
Maswali?

892
00:46:45,440 --> 00:46:47,660

893
00:46:47,660 --> 00:46:48,982
OK.

894
00:46:48,982 --> 00:46:54,000
>> JOSEPH: Kwa hiyo kuhamia kwenye hali ya
na maneno Boolean.

895
00:46:54,000 --> 00:46:58,120
Hivyo kuwa na hizi kuona mbele.

896
00:46:58,120 --> 00:47:07,420
Na kwa kweli, basi mimi kuhakikisha yangu
kompyuta ni katika format hapa.

897
00:47:07,420 --> 00:47:08,670
Nafasi.

898
00:47:08,670 --> 00:47:10,630

899
00:47:10,630 --> 00:47:13,870
Sorry, tunakwenda kuwa na kushughulika
kidogo na cutoff pembezoni.

900
00:47:13,870 --> 00:47:15,830
>> Lakini yeah, you guys tumeona
hii kabla ya katika Scratch.

901
00:47:15,830 --> 00:47:19,930
Hivyo haki hii hapa ni kujieleza
ambayo hutumiwa katika

902
00:47:19,930 --> 00:47:21,250
taarifa masharti.

903
00:47:21,250 --> 00:47:23,930
Hivyo kujibu zaidi ya sifuri mapenzi
nawaambia kweli au uongo.

904
00:47:23,930 --> 00:47:26,530
Na hawa ni kweli ni muhimu, kwa sababu
wao kuruhusu sisi kuanzisha

905
00:47:26,530 --> 00:47:28,670
mantiki katika kanuni yetu.

906
00:47:28,670 --> 00:47:32,820
>> Hivyo kwa mfano, hii ni programu ya
Imeandikwa katika Scratch kwamba anauliza user

907
00:47:32,820 --> 00:47:36,980
kwa integer na anawaambia kama
integer kwamba wao hakuwapeni

908
00:47:36,980 --> 00:47:38,690
chanya au hasi idadi.

909
00:47:38,690 --> 00:47:42,980
Na kubadilika juu ya hapa kuona ni
wewe kwanza magazeti nje taarifa,

910
00:47:42,980 --> 00:47:43,870
nipe integer.

911
00:47:43,870 --> 00:47:45,980
Na kisha waombe kwa ajili ya integer.

912
00:47:45,980 --> 00:47:49,870
>> Na kisha kutumia mantiki masharti juu ya
hapa kuangalia kama idadi hiyo

913
00:47:49,870 --> 00:47:52,030
ilikuwa kwa kweli ni kubwa kuliko sufuri au la.

914
00:47:52,030 --> 00:47:58,960
Kwa hiyo hapa tuna kujieleza Boolean
ndani ya masharti Kama taarifa.

915
00:47:58,960 --> 00:48:00,660
Je, kuna maswali yoyote?

916
00:48:00,660 --> 00:48:03,030
Je, kuna maswali yoyote kuhusu hilo?

917
00:48:03,030 --> 00:48:03,950
OK.

918
00:48:03,950 --> 00:48:06,140
>> Hivyo kuna zaidi ya
zaidi ya, bila shaka.

919
00:48:06,140 --> 00:48:10,385
Unaweza kujenga maneno Boolean
kutumia zaidi ya aina ya mambo

920
00:48:10,385 --> 00:48:11,150
kudhani ya katika math.

921
00:48:11,150 --> 00:48:12,370
Hivyo zaidi ya.

922
00:48:12,370 --> 00:48:13,740
Kwamba lazima kuwa chini ya.

923
00:48:13,740 --> 00:48:14,990
Sorry.

924
00:48:14,990 --> 00:48:18,520

925
00:48:18,520 --> 00:48:19,760
Na nafasi.

926
00:48:19,760 --> 00:48:22,971
>> Rob: Hasha wewe kuondoka.

927
00:48:22,971 --> 00:48:23,620
>> JOSEPH: All wa kulia.

928
00:48:23,620 --> 00:48:25,950
Hivyo zaidi ya, chini ya, zaidi ya
kuliko au sawa na, chini ya

929
00:48:25,950 --> 00:48:27,070
kuliko au sawa na.

930
00:48:27,070 --> 00:48:31,980
Sisi kutumia usawa mara mbili kwa kuangalia kwa
usawa, kwa sababu moja ni sawa na njia

931
00:48:31,980 --> 00:48:32,810
kazi, haki?

932
00:48:32,810 --> 00:48:33,140
Ndiyo.

933
00:48:33,140 --> 00:48:37,130
Na kisha tunaweza pia si sawa na
kutumia Moderators chapa, sawa.

934
00:48:37,130 --> 00:48:41,530
>> Na alama hii mshangao alama unaweza
pia inaweza kupanuliwa ili kama unataka

935
00:48:41,530 --> 00:48:44,050
Geuza aina yoyote ya Boolean
kujieleza, unaweza kufanya hivyo.

936
00:48:44,050 --> 00:48:48,530
Hivyo hii itakuwa kutathmini kwa kweli
tu kama jibu ni chini ya

937
00:48:48,530 --> 00:48:51,240
zaidi kuliko au sawa na sifuri.

938
00:48:51,240 --> 00:48:53,950
Maswali yoyote juu ya hilo?

939
00:48:53,950 --> 00:48:55,180
OK.

940
00:48:55,180 --> 00:48:58,840
>> Hivyo unaweza pia kuchanganya haya
maneno kwa kutumia mantiki Na na

941
00:48:58,840 --> 00:48:59,790
mantiki Or.

942
00:48:59,790 --> 00:49:03,530
Hivyo hii ni haki na ishara,
ambayo inapaswa kuwa Shift, 7.

943
00:49:03,530 --> 00:49:07,720
Na hii ni bomba ishara, ambayo ni
si kesi ya chini L. Ni moja

944
00:49:07,720 --> 00:49:09,440
hiyo ni haki juu ya Enter muhimu yako.

945
00:49:09,440 --> 00:49:12,870
Hivyo kutumia wawili hawa kwa mfano
mantiki na mantiki Or.

946
00:49:12,870 --> 00:49:18,180
>> Hivyo hii itakuwa tu kurudi kweli kama jibu
ni moja, mbili, tatu, au minne.

947
00:49:18,180 --> 00:49:23,030
Na hii tu kurudi kweli kama jibu
ni zaidi ya hapo kila upande.

948
00:49:23,030 --> 00:49:26,190
Hivyo si moja, mbili, tatu, au minne.

949
00:49:26,190 --> 00:49:28,385
Na namna gani kutumia
kwamba katika kujieleza -

950
00:49:28,385 --> 00:49:29,990
>> Rob: Au zero au tano.

951
00:49:29,990 --> 00:49:32,200
>> JOSEPH: Zero au tano.

952
00:49:32,200 --> 00:49:32,380
Sorry.

953
00:49:32,380 --> 00:49:33,320
Ndiyo, ndiyo, ndiyo.

954
00:49:33,320 --> 00:49:34,180
OK.

955
00:49:34,180 --> 00:49:38,980
Na juu ya hapa sasa, njia hiyo hiyo
bila kutumia maneno hayo, ndogo

956
00:49:38,980 --> 00:49:42,000
upande usemi wa Kama masharti
taarifa, ungekuwa pia kutumia

957
00:49:42,000 --> 00:49:47,800
njia sawa na tu kuweka ndani ya
mabano ya taarifa Kama.

958
00:49:47,800 --> 00:49:54,020
Hivyo printf hii tu moto kama jibu
ni moja, mbili, tatu, au minne.

959
00:49:54,020 --> 00:49:56,002
Maswali yoyote juu ya kuchanganya
maneno?

960
00:49:56,002 --> 00:50:00,450

961
00:50:00,450 --> 00:50:04,240
>> Hivyo kuna mwingine masharti
kujenga sisi kuwaita Kama / Else.

962
00:50:04,240 --> 00:50:08,120
Hivyo kimsingi, hii sasa ina maana, OK, Kama
kitu nilitaka kuangalia hakuwa

963
00:50:08,120 --> 00:50:11,600
kweli, basi kwenda Else na
kufanya kwamba hatua nyingine.

964
00:50:11,600 --> 00:50:15,570
Hivyo katika kesi hii, nilimuuliza
user kwa integer.

965
00:50:15,570 --> 00:50:17,790
Ni integer zaidi zero?

966
00:50:17,790 --> 00:50:18,310
Ndiyo?

967
00:50:18,310 --> 00:50:20,100
Vizuri, basi ilichukua
idadi chanya.

968
00:50:20,100 --> 00:50:22,320
Kama siyo, basi ni lazima kuwa na
wamekuwa hasi au sifuri.

969
00:50:22,320 --> 00:50:27,530
Hivyo ilichukua namba hasi
au sifuri katika kesi hii.

970
00:50:27,530 --> 00:50:29,235
Ndiyo.

971
00:50:29,235 --> 00:50:30,485
Au sifuri.

972
00:50:30,485 --> 00:50:36,320

973
00:50:36,320 --> 00:50:39,300
>> Na kisha sisi pia kuwa Kama / Mwingine,
Kama na mwingine.

974
00:50:39,300 --> 00:50:45,640
Hivyo hii unatuwezesha kutekeleza mlolongo wa
mambo tu kama ndio kwanza kushindwa.

975
00:50:45,640 --> 00:50:49,540
Hivyo katika kesi hii, sasa sisi ni kufanya
moja mwisho pick sifuri.

976
00:50:49,540 --> 00:50:53,080
Hivyo kama wao wala ilichukua chanya wala
namba hasi, basi ni lazima

977
00:50:53,080 --> 00:50:53,640
yamechukua sifuri.

978
00:50:53,640 --> 00:50:56,720
Hivyo tu inakwenda chini
mlolongo kama hii.

979
00:50:56,720 --> 00:50:59,960
>> Hivyo mfano wa jinsi
Kama ni tofauti na -

980
00:50:59,960 --> 00:51:02,590
Kama / Else ni tofauti na
tu mlolongo wa ikiwa.

981
00:51:02,590 --> 00:51:07,680
Na hii ni swali la kawaida kwamba
watu kuuliza ni vizuri, kama kupata kama

982
00:51:07,680 --> 00:51:11,265
95 katika CS50, itakuwaje hii
mpango kukuambia?

983
00:51:11,265 --> 00:51:12,600
>> SPIKA 5: You got A.

984
00:51:12,600 --> 00:51:13,490
>> JOSEPH: Ndiyo.

985
00:51:13,490 --> 00:51:14,960
You got kila moja
mmoja wa wale haki.

986
00:51:14,960 --> 00:51:17,130
You got A, wewe got B, wewe
got C na D, sawa?

987
00:51:17,130 --> 00:51:19,770
Hivyo yote haya kupata tathmini
katika utaratibu.

988
00:51:19,770 --> 00:51:23,570
Hivyo wakati 95 ni zaidi ya 90, ni
pia zaidi ya 80, pia ni

989
00:51:23,570 --> 00:51:25,790
zaidi ya 70, na ni
pia zaidi ya 60.

990
00:51:25,790 --> 00:51:27,620
Hivyo got wale wote darasa.

991
00:51:27,620 --> 00:51:31,630
Na mimi kudhani wewe ungekuwa
tu wanataka A.

992
00:51:31,630 --> 00:51:34,060
>> njia ya kurekebisha kwamba ni kuchukua nafasi ya
wale walio na Else / Kama 's.

993
00:51:34,060 --> 00:51:37,540
Hivyo katika hali hii, anaona kwamba 95 ni
zaidi ya 90, na kisha ni gani

994
00:51:37,540 --> 00:51:38,885
kutathmini wengine
wa taarifa.

995
00:51:38,885 --> 00:51:41,900

996
00:51:41,900 --> 00:51:43,150
Maswali yoyote kuhusu hilo?

997
00:51:43,150 --> 00:51:48,580

998
00:51:48,580 --> 00:51:52,470
>> Hivyo kuna aina nyingine masharti ya
muundo kwamba sisi hapa ambayo sisi

999
00:51:52,470 --> 00:51:53,390
kuwaita taarifa kubadili.

1000
00:51:53,390 --> 00:51:57,390
Hivyo hii utapata kimsingi kuangalia
nini thamani ya idadi ya kuweka

1001
00:51:57,390 --> 00:51:59,000
katika taarifa kubadili ni.

1002
00:51:59,000 --> 00:52:03,200
Hivyo katika hali hii, sisi ni byte
juu ya n, na sisi ni kusema, oh, kama n ni

1003
00:52:03,200 --> 00:52:04,710
moja, kisha magazeti taarifa hiyo.

1004
00:52:04,710 --> 00:52:07,910
Na kisha kuvunja, ambayo ina maana exit
nje ya taarifa kubadili.

1005
00:52:07,910 --> 00:52:12,670
>> Kama siyo moja, basi, vizuri,
hatimaye kuangalia yote ya kesi hizo.

1006
00:52:12,670 --> 00:52:16,280
Na hivyo hundi kama ni moja au mbili au
tatu, na prints ipasavyo.

1007
00:52:16,280 --> 00:52:19,780
Na nini keyword hii default hapa chini
njia ni kama hawakuwa kuingia yoyote

1008
00:52:19,780 --> 00:52:21,690
ya hizo, basi sema batili.

1009
00:52:21,690 --> 00:52:25,910
Basi hebu kusema naomba kwa ajili ya n na
user anitiaye nne.

1010
00:52:25,910 --> 00:52:29,470
Naam, ni mechi hakuna kesi hizo,
hivyo itakuwa magazeti nini katika

1011
00:52:29,470 --> 00:52:30,540
sehemu default.

1012
00:52:30,540 --> 00:52:31,180
Ndiyo, swali?

1013
00:52:31,180 --> 00:52:32,614
>> SPIKA 5: Je, unaweza kutumia Boolean
maneno badala ya

1014
00:52:32,614 --> 00:52:33,570
moja, mbili, au tatu?

1015
00:52:33,570 --> 00:52:36,940
>> JOSEPH: Kwa hiyo swali ni je, unaweza kutumia
Maneno Boolean badala ya moja,

1016
00:52:36,940 --> 00:52:37,940
mbili, na tatu?

1017
00:52:37,940 --> 00:52:40,520
Na katika C, naamini
hawezi kufanya hivyo.

1018
00:52:40,520 --> 00:52:44,320
Lakini katika lugha nyingine, ambayo unaweza
kukutana mwishoni mwa

1019
00:52:44,320 --> 00:52:46,460
muhula kama JavaScript, unaweza.

1020
00:52:46,460 --> 00:52:50,050
Naam, ingekuwa compute kwanza
kwamba thamani na kisha kutumia katika

1021
00:52:50,050 --> 00:52:50,650
kubadili kauli.

1022
00:52:50,650 --> 00:52:50,930
Yeah?

1023
00:52:50,930 --> 00:52:54,760
>> Rob: Kwa hiyo sehemu ya faida ya kubadili
kauli ni kufikiria kama alifanya hivyo

1024
00:52:54,760 --> 00:52:58,680
kama Kama / Else, hivyo kama ikiwa n sawa na
sawa na moja au chochote.

1025
00:52:58,680 --> 00:53:00,300
Mwingine / Kama n sawa na sawa na mbili, chochote.

1026
00:53:00,300 --> 00:53:01,960
Mwingine / Kama n sawa na sawa na tatu.

1027
00:53:01,960 --> 00:53:05,930
Hivyo njia mpango huo kukimbia ni
itakuwa sequentially kwenda chini orodha hiyo

1028
00:53:05,930 --> 00:53:07,500
na kuangalia, ni n moja?

1029
00:53:07,500 --> 00:53:08,040
Nope.

1030
00:53:08,040 --> 00:53:09,070
Ni n mbili?

1031
00:53:09,070 --> 00:53:09,490
Nope.

1032
00:53:09,490 --> 00:53:10,940
Ni n tatu?

1033
00:53:10,940 --> 00:53:11,710
Yeah.

1034
00:53:11,710 --> 00:53:12,610
Kufanya hivyo.

1035
00:53:12,610 --> 00:53:15,270
>> Ambapo pamoja na kauli kubadili, ni
kweli na uwezo wa kukusanya kuwa ni

1036
00:53:15,270 --> 00:53:16,360
kweli haraka.

1037
00:53:16,360 --> 00:53:19,550
Na kwa haraka kama ni anasema kubadili, ni
anasema, wote haki, n ni mbili, mimi

1038
00:53:19,550 --> 00:53:23,060
mara moja kwenda Rukia ambapo
Mimi zinatakiwa kuanza utekelezaji.

1039
00:53:23,060 --> 00:53:26,080
Mimi si kwenda kuangalia kwanza,
ni n moja, ni n mbili?

1040
00:53:26,080 --> 00:53:28,860
Ni anaweza kwa mara moja kuanza kufanya
nini ni zinatakiwa kufanya.

1041
00:53:28,860 --> 00:53:33,830
>> Na kwa sababu hiyo, haiwezi
kuchukua hali ya Boolean.

1042
00:53:33,830 --> 00:53:36,480
Au pengine itakuwa ni kufanya
mtiririko, kama, sawa, ni n

1043
00:53:36,480 --> 00:53:37,820
zaidi ya sifuri?

1044
00:53:37,820 --> 00:53:41,140
Mwingine ni n zaidi ya 10 au chochote.

1045
00:53:41,140 --> 00:53:44,780
>> JOSEPH: Katika kesi hiyo, kama wewe kutumika
Kama / Mwingine, Kama, basi kubadili ingekuwa

1046
00:53:44,780 --> 00:53:47,792
kukimbia takriban mara tatu
kwa kasi zaidi kuliko Kama / Mwingine, Kama.

1047
00:53:47,792 --> 00:53:53,060

1048
00:53:53,060 --> 00:53:56,040
Tunaweza kuandaa kubadili kwa vile
njia kwamba hatuna kuvunja

1049
00:53:56,040 --> 00:53:57,520
baada ya kila moja ya matukio.

1050
00:53:57,520 --> 00:54:00,960
Hivyo katika kesi hii, mimi nina partitioning
idadi ambayo sisi kuchagua katika moja na

1051
00:54:00,960 --> 00:54:04,250
wawili kuwa si idadi kubwa na
tatu kuwa idadi kubwa.

1052
00:54:04,250 --> 00:54:08,290
>> Hivyo katika kesi hii, kama n ni moja au mbili,
hit kesi na basi itakuwa

1053
00:54:08,290 --> 00:54:10,640
kuanguka kwa sababu
hakuna mapumziko.

1054
00:54:10,640 --> 00:54:11,610
Na itakuwa kuishia hapa.

1055
00:54:11,610 --> 00:54:15,360
Hivyo kama sisi kuchukua moja, itakuwa kufanya printf
na kisha kuvunja hivyo kwamba hakuna

1056
00:54:15,360 --> 00:54:17,610
hii ni kunyongwa.

1057
00:54:17,610 --> 00:54:21,870
Na bila shaka, kama wanaingia katika tatu
au kitu kingine, basi itakuwa ruka

1058
00:54:21,870 --> 00:54:25,320
wale na si kwenda huko, na ni
nitafanya badala

1059
00:54:25,320 --> 00:54:27,490
sambamba line.

1060
00:54:27,490 --> 00:54:29,390
Je, kuna maswali yoyote kuhusu hilo?

1061
00:54:29,390 --> 00:54:29,780
Ndiyo?

1062
00:54:29,780 --> 00:54:32,642
>> SPIKA 4: Je, wewe kupata kosa kama wewe
alikuwa na mapumziko baada ya kesi moja lakini

1063
00:54:32,642 --> 00:54:34,550
hawakuwa na kitu kwa ajili yake nini?

1064
00:54:34,550 --> 00:54:37,820
>> JOSEPH: Kwa hiyo swali ni gani unaweza kupata
kosa kama una mapumziko baada ya

1065
00:54:37,820 --> 00:54:39,730
kesi moja lakini kuna kitu cha kufanya?

1066
00:54:39,730 --> 00:54:41,520
Na jibu ni hapana.

1067
00:54:41,520 --> 00:54:43,172
Wewe si kweli kupata makosa.

1068
00:54:43,172 --> 00:54:44,590
Yeah, mm hmm.

1069
00:54:44,590 --> 00:54:54,540
>> Hivyo kama aina ya mabadiliko kidogo hapa,
Mimi naenda kuweka printf hapa.

1070
00:54:54,540 --> 00:54:55,790
Whoops.

1071
00:54:55,790 --> 00:55:00,994

1072
00:55:00,994 --> 00:55:04,880
Hivyo gani hii magazeti kama
Mimi kuweka moja katika kama pembejeo?

1073
00:55:04,880 --> 00:55:07,530

1074
00:55:07,530 --> 00:55:07,770
Yeah.

1075
00:55:07,770 --> 00:55:10,360
Ni waliniambia hakuwa na kuchukua
idadi kubwa mara mbili, sawa?

1076
00:55:10,360 --> 00:55:13,500
Kwa sababu itakuwa hit kwamba kesi ya kwanza,
itakuwa si kuvunja, na ingekuwa kuanguka

1077
00:55:13,500 --> 00:55:15,730
kwa njia ya kesi ya pili.

1078
00:55:15,730 --> 00:55:16,950
Maswali yoyote kuhusu hilo?

1079
00:55:16,950 --> 00:55:18,280
>> Rob: Je, una swali jingine?

1080
00:55:18,280 --> 00:55:20,840
>> JOSEPH: OK, baridi.

1081
00:55:20,840 --> 00:55:22,400
Sawa.

1082
00:55:22,400 --> 00:55:25,780
Kwa hiyo, kuna kitu kingine sisi kuwaita
ternary operator ambayo kimsingi ni

1083
00:55:25,780 --> 00:55:29,010
mbadala syntax kwa kufanya
Kama na kisha mwingine.

1084
00:55:29,010 --> 00:55:30,470
Na inakuwezesha kufanya hayo yote juu ya mstari mmoja.

1085
00:55:30,470 --> 00:55:34,110
Hivyo katika mpango huu, hasa
Mimi nina kuuliza user kwa n.

1086
00:55:34,110 --> 00:55:37,190
Na kama n ni zaidi ya 100, nawaambia
nao ilichukua idadi kubwa.

1087
00:55:37,190 --> 00:55:39,560
Mwingine mimi kuwaambia wao
ilichukua idadi ndogo.

1088
00:55:39,560 --> 00:55:43,030
>> Ili tuweze kutumia hii syntax kweli kwa muda mrefu,
kamba, S, na kisha kuangalia kama n ni

1089
00:55:43,030 --> 00:55:45,260
zaidi ya 100 na kuwapa
yake ipasavyo.

1090
00:55:45,260 --> 00:55:49,450
Lakini tunaweza kufanya hii zaidi mafupi
kwa kutumia hii ternary operator syntax

1091
00:55:49,450 --> 00:55:52,090
ambayo inahusisha swali
alama na koloni.

1092
00:55:52,090 --> 00:55:55,070
Hivyo swali ni kimsingi
kuuliza swali, sawa?

1093
00:55:55,070 --> 00:55:56,625
>> Rob: Labda kuvuta juu ya hilo.

1094
00:55:56,625 --> 00:55:57,372
>> JOSEPH: Ndiyo.

1095
00:55:57,372 --> 00:56:00,210
Nzuri uhakika.

1096
00:56:00,210 --> 00:56:02,550
Hivyo hii ni operator ternary.

1097
00:56:02,550 --> 00:56:06,100
Mimi kwanza kuuliza swali,
ni n zaidi ya 100?

1098
00:56:06,100 --> 00:56:09,770
Kama ni, basi mimi nitafanya kwanza
sehemu kabla ya koloni.

1099
00:56:09,770 --> 00:56:13,360
Kama siyo, basi mimi nitafanya
sehemu ya pili baada ya koloni.

1100
00:56:13,360 --> 00:56:16,640
Hivyo kama n ni zaidi ya 100,
kisha ni tar juu na unaweka

1101
00:56:16,640 --> 00:56:18,360
kwamba katika kamba s.

1102
00:56:18,360 --> 00:56:22,170
Kama n ni chini ya 100, ni tar chini
na kisha unaweka kwamba katika kamba s.

1103
00:56:22,170 --> 00:56:30,186
Hivyo kwamba condense chunk hii kubwa
chini katika tu kwamba mstari mmoja.

1104
00:56:30,186 --> 00:56:32,010
>> SPIKA 5: Je, kuwa maarufu?

1105
00:56:32,010 --> 00:56:36,070
>> JOSEPH: Ndiyo, ni maarufu kabisa kwa
mambo ambapo kimsingi unataka

1106
00:56:36,070 --> 00:56:38,700
wala zoezi msingi
aina fulani ya hali hiyo.

1107
00:56:38,700 --> 00:56:43,110
Na katika kesi hii, sisi kujaribu
hawawajui thamani kwa kamba s.

1108
00:56:43,110 --> 00:56:44,840
Siyo hivyo -

1109
00:56:44,840 --> 00:56:47,670
Mimi nadhani si kweli wanapendelea
katika kesi nyingine.

1110
00:56:47,670 --> 00:56:49,390
Lakini ni muhimu hasa
kwa ajili ya zoezi hili.

1111
00:56:49,390 --> 00:56:54,490
>> Rob: Hiyo ni mfano pretty kawaida
ambapo una baadhi variable kwamba

1112
00:56:54,490 --> 00:56:58,200
wewe ni kwenda kusema, kama kitu, kuweka
variable hii thamani moja; mwingine, kuweka

1113
00:56:58,200 --> 00:56:59,810
variable hii thamani mwingine.

1114
00:56:59,810 --> 00:57:03,360
Na kwamba ni mazingira
ambapo kutumia ternary.

1115
00:57:03,360 --> 00:57:05,220
>> JOSEPH: Na wewe kuokoa
kura ya mistari, sawa?

1116
00:57:05,220 --> 00:57:08,090
Na tu hufanya code yako arguably
kidogo zaidi someka.

1117
00:57:08,090 --> 00:57:08,635
Ndiyo, swali?

1118
00:57:08,635 --> 00:57:12,384
>> SPIKA 6: Kwa ternary, unaweza kwenda,
kamba s usawa s, alama swali?

1119
00:57:12,384 --> 00:57:15,280
Na kisha unaweza kuwa na kusema,
chaguzi tano tofauti.

1120
00:57:15,280 --> 00:57:18,310
Na kulingana na nini idadi ya n
mara, unaweza kuchagua mmoja wa wale?

1121
00:57:18,310 --> 00:57:22,210
>> JOSEPH: Kwa hiyo swali ni, kuna
aina ya syntax ambapo unaweza kufanya string

1122
00:57:22,210 --> 00:57:25,910
s ni sawa na n, na kisha kuwa na zaidi ya miaka miwili
chaguzi baada ya kwamba alama swali?

1123
00:57:25,910 --> 00:57:29,740
Na jibu rahisi ni hapana, kuna si
kweli njia nzuri ya kufanya hivyo isipokuwa

1124
00:57:29,740 --> 00:57:33,850
unataka kiota nyingi ternary
operators ndani ya kila mmoja.

1125
00:57:33,850 --> 00:57:38,050
>> Unaweza kufanya kama n zaidi ya 100,
swali, na kisha mwingine

1126
00:57:38,050 --> 00:57:41,850
ternary operator, n zaidi ya 50,
swali alama, na kiota njia hiyo.

1127
00:57:41,850 --> 00:57:45,240
Lakini katika mazingira, kanuni yako ni
kupata aina ya unreadable na messy,

1128
00:57:45,240 --> 00:57:47,920
na inaweza kuwa bora tu kwenda kwa
Taarifa Kama / Else katika hatua hiyo.

1129
00:57:47,920 --> 00:57:54,530
>> Rob: Na pia, kama upande note, PHP
kimakosa kutekeleza ternary

1130
00:57:54,530 --> 00:57:58,053
operator kama kwamba ternaries Furushi
hawana hata kazi kama ni lazima.

1131
00:57:58,053 --> 00:57:58,840
>> JOSEPH: Yeah.

1132
00:57:58,840 --> 00:58:01,170
Hivyo anapata kidogo utata,
hasa wakati wa kwenda

1133
00:58:01,170 --> 00:58:02,145
kwa lugha mbalimbali.

1134
00:58:02,145 --> 00:58:04,810
>> Rob: Ni utata wa kutosha kwamba
lugha ni makosa juu yake.

1135
00:58:04,810 --> 00:58:08,030

1136
00:58:08,030 --> 00:58:11,510
>> JOSEPH: Hivyo kweli, tu kufafanua,
haina kila mtu kujua kwamba

1137
00:58:11,510 --> 00:58:13,900
% S gani juu ya hapa?

1138
00:58:13,900 --> 00:58:15,650
Maswali yoyote kuhusu hilo?

1139
00:58:15,650 --> 00:58:19,760
Nadhani tu kwa ajili ya kamera,% s
kimsingi unatuwezesha kuweka placeholder

1140
00:58:19,760 --> 00:58:20,790
kwa kamba.

1141
00:58:20,790 --> 00:58:23,920
Na kisha mwishoni, sisi bayana kwamba
variable tunataka kuweka ndani ya hii

1142
00:58:23,920 --> 00:58:25,500
mmiliki mahali ni s.

1143
00:58:25,500 --> 00:58:27,730
Hivyo kwamba kimsingi inachukua s
na kuiweka katika hapa.

1144
00:58:27,730 --> 00:58:32,130
Na kisha itakuwa magazeti nje, ilichukua
juu au ilichukua idadi ndogo.

1145
00:58:32,130 --> 00:58:33,770
OK.

1146
00:58:33,770 --> 00:58:36,970
>> Hivyo loops kuruhusu kufanya mambo
katika mwendo mviringo, sawa?

1147
00:58:36,970 --> 00:58:40,300
Unaweza kuwa wamekutana hii katika
Scratch katika mfumo wa milele matanzi

1148
00:58:40,300 --> 00:58:45,650
au kurudia mpaka au Rudia hasa
idadi ya nyakati.

1149
00:58:45,650 --> 00:58:47,540
Hivyo hii ni kwa nini ni nzuri kwa ajili yetu?

1150
00:58:47,540 --> 00:58:51,500
Naam, katika C, hebu sema tuna hii
wimbo kutekelezwa katika Scratch kwamba

1151
00:58:51,500 --> 00:58:53,450
kuimba, hii ni wimbo
kwamba hauna mwisho.

1152
00:58:53,450 --> 00:58:55,710
Ni tu unaendelea na kuendelea na
juu ya milele na milele.

1153
00:58:55,710 --> 00:58:59,395
Naam, unaweza si kweli kufanya mpango
ambayo ina idadi ya usio wa printf

1154
00:58:59,395 --> 00:59:00,850
kauli katika yake, sawa?

1155
00:59:00,850 --> 00:59:04,900
>> Hivyo katika hali hii hasa, kwa njia moja
kwamba unaweza kufanya kazi hii na

1156
00:59:04,900 --> 00:59:09,330
kufanya hivyo magazeti milele ni kwa
badala yake kutumia Wakati kitanzi.

1157
00:59:09,330 --> 00:59:13,640
Hivyo Wakati kitanzi nitafanya nini
katika mwili wa braces mawili ambayo

1158
00:59:13,640 --> 00:59:17,250
ni yake kulingana na kile
hali ni.

1159
00:59:17,250 --> 00:59:21,170
Hivyo katika mfano huu fulani kabla ya, kama
tunataka magazeti hii milele, nini

1160
00:59:21,170 --> 00:59:23,590
Tunaweza kufanya?

1161
00:59:23,590 --> 00:59:25,190
Naam, hakika, right?

1162
00:59:25,190 --> 00:59:32,290
>> Hivyo hii aina ya unachanganya wazo
baadhi ya kujieleza Boolean

1163
00:59:32,290 --> 00:59:33,610
pamoja na kitanzi.

1164
00:59:33,610 --> 00:59:35,780
Na sisi kujifunza kuhusu Boolean
maneno mapema.

1165
00:59:35,780 --> 00:59:39,650
Hivyo wakati wowote hali ndani ya
kwamba Wakati bado kweli, kitanzi hii

1166
00:59:39,650 --> 00:59:41,480
nitafanya juu na juu tena na tena.

1167
00:59:41,480 --> 00:59:44,640
Na katika kesi hii, kama sisi tu ugavi
kwa kweli, hii husababisha usio

1168
00:59:44,640 --> 00:59:49,310
kitanzi ambayo Prints wimbo na juu
na juu ya kama sisi taka kabla ya bila

1169
00:59:49,310 --> 00:59:52,410
kuwa na mpango ambayo ina usio
idadi ya kauli printf, ambayo ni

1170
00:59:52,410 --> 00:59:55,220
haiwezekani.

1171
00:59:55,220 --> 00:59:57,810
>> Hivyo zaidi compellingly, ingawa,
unaweza kutumia kwa

1172
00:59:57,810 --> 00:59:59,710
kutofautiana na hali hiyo.

1173
00:59:59,710 --> 01:00:04,420
Basi hebu kusema tunataka kurudia
maneno, kabisa loopy, mara 10.

1174
01:00:04,420 --> 01:00:08,380
Basi nini unaweza kufanya na Wakati kitanzi ni
unaweza kwanza initialize kukabiliana na

1175
01:00:08,380 --> 01:00:10,860
variable nje ya
Wakati kitanzi hadi 10.

1176
01:00:10,860 --> 01:00:14,360
Na kisha kimsingi, kila wakati unaweza kwenda
kupitia Wakati kitanzi, magazeti nje

1177
01:00:14,360 --> 01:00:19,090
taarifa na kisha kupunguza
kukabiliana na kutofautiana mpaka mwisho,

1178
01:00:19,090 --> 01:00:23,020
wakati fulani, mara moja sisi Ondoa mimi kutosha
mara kwa mara, 1 kutoka mimi mara ya kutosha -

1179
01:00:23,020 --> 01:00:27,290
na tu kufafanua, mimi minus minus
maana mimi ni sawa na mimi minus 1.

1180
01:00:27,290 --> 01:00:31,280
>> Hiyo kimsingi kuleta mimi chini ya
mahali ambapo mara moja mimi kugonga zero, hii

1181
01:00:31,280 --> 01:00:35,260
hali ni kweli tena na
hivyo exits nje ya kitanzi.

1182
01:00:35,260 --> 01:00:37,045
Hivyo kabisa loopy tu Prints mara 10.

1183
01:00:37,045 --> 01:00:39,550

1184
01:00:39,550 --> 01:00:41,080
Maswali yoyote kuhusu Wakati kitanzi?

1185
01:00:41,080 --> 01:00:44,580

1186
01:00:44,580 --> 01:00:46,790
OK.

1187
01:00:46,790 --> 01:00:50,550
>> Kwa hiyo, kuna njia hiyo tunaweza kufanya nini sisi tu
alivyofanya katika namna zaidi mafupi na

1188
01:00:50,550 --> 01:00:51,715
kile tunachokiita Kwa kitanzi.

1189
01:00:51,715 --> 01:00:55,750
Hivyo kitanzi Kwa lina
initialization, hali, na

1190
01:00:55,750 --> 01:00:58,950
update, kama tulikuwa kabla ya
katika kitanzi hii Wakati.

1191
01:00:58,950 --> 01:00:59,890
Hivyo basi tuangalie.

1192
01:00:59,890 --> 01:01:02,900
Katika hili kitanzi Wakati, tulikuwa na
initialization, wakati huo tulikuwa na

1193
01:01:02,900 --> 01:01:04,260
sharti kwamba sisi checked.

1194
01:01:04,260 --> 01:01:06,450
Na wakati huo tulikuwa na update
hatua ya juu.

1195
01:01:06,450 --> 01:01:10,060
>> Na kitanzi Kwa maana, hii kimsingi inachukua
mambo haya matatu na unabadilika ni

1196
01:01:10,060 --> 01:01:11,370
chini katika mstari mmoja.

1197
01:01:11,370 --> 01:01:15,130
Hivyo jambo la kwanza kwamba hana katika
Kwa kitanzi ni initialization.

1198
01:01:15,130 --> 01:01:19,090
Na kisha kufanya semicolon, na kisha
kufanya hali, ambayo ni mimi

1199
01:01:19,090 --> 01:01:22,200
zaidi ya zero huenda zaidi ya hapo,
na kisha update hatua.

1200
01:01:22,200 --> 01:01:26,470
Hivyo hii anapata kutumbuiza katika
mwisho kabisa ya kitanzi mwili.

1201
01:01:26,470 --> 01:01:28,790
Hivyo programu hizi mbili ni
kimsingi sawa.

1202
01:01:28,790 --> 01:01:31,960

1203
01:01:31,960 --> 01:01:33,870
>> Maswali yoyote?

1204
01:01:33,870 --> 01:01:37,000
Kwa hiyo kile ni tofauti moja
kati ya hizi mbili?

1205
01:01:37,000 --> 01:01:38,000
Je, mtu yeyote uhakika ni nje?

1206
01:01:38,000 --> 01:01:40,480
Ni inaweza kuwa kidogo hila.

1207
01:01:40,480 --> 01:01:41,930
Ni tu tofauti ndogo sana.

1208
01:01:41,930 --> 01:01:42,330
Ndiyo?

1209
01:01:42,330 --> 01:01:49,008
>> SPIKA 5: Wewe bila kuwa na uwezo wa kutumia
Mimi variable nje ya Kwa kitanzi

1210
01:01:49,008 --> 01:01:49,962
[Inaudible]?

1211
01:01:49,962 --> 01:01:50,900
>> JOSEPH: Hasa.

1212
01:01:50,900 --> 01:01:53,550
Hivyo hii ni kitu tutaweza kupata
baadaye kuitwa wigo kutofautiana.

1213
01:01:53,550 --> 01:01:56,610
Lakini kimsingi, hii int mimi maisha
nje ya kitanzi hii Wakati.

1214
01:01:56,610 --> 01:01:59,800
Hivyo mara hii kitanzi Wakati ni kufanyika
utekelezaji, mimi utakuwa na uwezo wa kutumia Mimi baadaye

1215
01:01:59,800 --> 01:02:00,880
juu ya katika mpango.

1216
01:02:00,880 --> 01:02:05,430
>> Ambapo pamoja na hii kwa kitanzi, hii mimi int
ni scoped ndani ya hii Kwa kitanzi.

1217
01:02:05,430 --> 01:02:10,240
Na kwa sababu ni ndani ya sehemu hii
ya kitanzi Kwa maana, kwamba kuanza

1218
01:02:10,240 --> 01:02:13,200
katika mabano na mwisho kwa
brace curly zaidi ya hapo.

1219
01:02:13,200 --> 01:02:16,120
Jambo lolote la alitangaza ndani ya
hapa haiwezi kutumiwa nje.

1220
01:02:16,120 --> 01:02:20,420
Basi, ikiwa mimi kujaribu kutumia mimi nje, itabidi
niambie, ishara undeclared.

1221
01:02:20,420 --> 01:02:22,420
Na kimsingi, napenda
kuwa na uwezo wa matumizi yake.

1222
01:02:22,420 --> 01:02:28,460
>> Rob: Na pia, miaka 10 iliyopita, katika
literally kesi zote, braces curly ni

1223
01:02:28,460 --> 01:02:31,140
nini kutumiwa kuamua
wigo wa kutofautiana.

1224
01:02:31,140 --> 01:02:37,240
Hivyo huko, int mimi ni sawa na 10
ni alitangaza ndani ya hii

1225
01:02:37,240 --> 01:02:38,520
seti ya braces curly.

1226
01:02:38,520 --> 01:02:42,530
Na hivyo basi muda mrefu kama wewe kujaribu kutumia mimi
kabla ya brace hii curly, ni nzuri.

1227
01:02:42,530 --> 01:02:47,090

1228
01:02:47,090 --> 01:02:51,460
Unaweza kuona pale unapoandika kufanya, wewe
kuona dash, dash, magonjwa ya zinaa, sawa, c99.

1229
01:02:51,460 --> 01:02:57,100
>> Hivyo, ambayo ni toleo ya baadaye ya C kwamba
GCC imetekeleza kwamba pia inatoa

1230
01:02:57,100 --> 01:02:58,740
njia ya mkato hii.

1231
01:02:58,740 --> 01:03:03,505
Hivyo hii kutumika si kuruhusiwa katika C. Na
unaweza kuona kwa nini, kwa sababu hii int

1232
01:03:03,505 --> 01:03:07,600
Mimi ni nje ya brace hii curly lakini
ni bado inaonekana kuwa katika

1233
01:03:07,600 --> 01:03:09,750
wigo wa braces haya curly.

1234
01:03:09,750 --> 01:03:14,120
Lakini hili ni jambo rahisi sana,
na hivyo ni ugani nzuri.

1235
01:03:14,120 --> 01:03:15,370
>> JOSEPH: maswali yoyote?

1236
01:03:15,370 --> 01:03:17,550

1237
01:03:17,550 --> 01:03:19,260
OK.

1238
01:03:19,260 --> 01:03:22,820
Basi nini muhimu zaidi ni kwamba wakati mwingine
unataka aina ya mabadiliko katika

1239
01:03:22,820 --> 01:03:23,410
kitanzi yako, sawa?

1240
01:03:23,410 --> 01:03:26,350
Hawataki tu lazima magazeti
kabisa loopy wakati wote, wewe

1241
01:03:26,350 --> 01:03:28,650
wanataka kuhesabu chini kutoka
10 au kitu.

1242
01:03:28,650 --> 01:03:32,010
Na hivyo unaweza kutumia kukabiliana na variable
ndani ya kitanzi kama vizuri.

1243
01:03:32,010 --> 01:03:35,530
Na katika kesi hii, mpango huu tu
makosa chini kutoka 10 njia yote chini.

1244
01:03:35,530 --> 01:03:39,260
Na ni nini si magazeti?

1245
01:03:39,260 --> 01:03:42,790
Haina magazeti sifuri,
haki, kwa sababu wakati -

1246
01:03:42,790 --> 01:03:45,460
Ndiyo, pia haina magazeti 11.

1247
01:03:45,460 --> 01:03:49,200
>> Hivyo hana magazeti zero, kwa sababu wakati
Mimi ni sifuri, kumbuka, kutathmini

1248
01:03:49,200 --> 01:03:52,170
hali ya kabla ya unaendelea
kutekeleza kitanzi mwili.

1249
01:03:52,170 --> 01:03:56,820
Na wakati mimi ni zero, hii ni uongo, hivyo
haina magazeti nje kuhesabu chini

1250
01:03:56,820 --> 01:04:00,200
zero, ni tu Prints nje kuhesabu
chini ya 10 njia yote chini ya 1.

1251
01:04:00,200 --> 01:04:03,420
Kama sisi kweli alitaka magazeti sifuri,
kisha tunataka kuweka ishara sawa

1252
01:04:03,420 --> 01:04:04,750
baada ya hii zaidi ya ishara.

1253
01:04:04,750 --> 01:04:09,400

1254
01:04:09,400 --> 01:04:10,130
OK.

1255
01:04:10,130 --> 01:04:16,410
>> Hivyo njia moja ya kufanya mchango uthibitisho, ambayo
ni wakati kuuliza user kufanya

1256
01:04:16,410 --> 01:04:18,620
kitu, unataka kuhakikisha kuwa
kufuata maelekezo yako, ni kutumia

1257
01:04:18,620 --> 01:04:19,400
Wakati kitanzi, sawa?

1258
01:04:19,400 --> 01:04:22,990
Hivyo katika kesi hii, mimi nina kuuliza
kwa idadi chanya na basi mimi nina

1259
01:04:22,990 --> 01:04:23,810
kusubiri kwa ajili ya pembejeo.

1260
01:04:23,810 --> 01:04:28,210
>> Na kisha I checked Wakati pembejeo ni
chini ya sifuri, kuendelea kuuliza yao.

1261
01:04:28,210 --> 01:04:32,100
Hivyo muda mrefu kama wao nipe namba
kwamba ni si chanya, kuendelea kuuliza,

1262
01:04:32,100 --> 01:04:33,600
kuendelea kuuliza, kuendelea kuuliza.

1263
01:04:33,600 --> 01:04:35,860
Lakini ni nini aina ya weird kuhusu hili?

1264
01:04:35,860 --> 01:04:38,570
Au nini haionekani mojawapo kuhusu
muundo huu hapa hapa?

1265
01:04:38,570 --> 01:04:44,282

1266
01:04:44,282 --> 01:04:44,758
Mtu yeyote?

1267
01:04:44,758 --> 01:04:45,234
Ndiyo?

1268
01:04:45,234 --> 01:04:47,614
>> SPIKA 6: Wewe ni kurudia
maelekezo ya mara mbili.

1269
01:04:47,614 --> 01:04:48,100
>> JOSEPH: Haki.

1270
01:04:48,100 --> 01:04:50,090
Hivyo tuna kauli mbili printf
hapa, sawa?

1271
01:04:50,090 --> 01:04:53,440
Kwa hiyo, kuna njia tunaweza kupata hii tu
chini ya moja ambayo ingeweza kufanya yetu

1272
01:04:53,440 --> 01:04:57,170
code rahisi kusoma na a
kidogo zaidi safi.

1273
01:04:57,170 --> 01:05:00,180
Na kisha sisi bila kuwa na
kuwa Kupata katika mara mbili kama vizuri.

1274
01:05:00,180 --> 01:05:03,740
Na njia moja unaweza kufanya hivyo ni
kwa kutumia Do-Wakati kitanzi.

1275
01:05:03,740 --> 01:05:07,670
>> Na Do-Wakati kitanzi kimsingi ni
aina mbalimbali za Wakati kitanzi ambapo

1276
01:05:07,670 --> 01:05:11,460
chochote ni ndani ya braces curly
anapata kunyongwa angalau mara moja.

1277
01:05:11,460 --> 01:05:14,840
Hivyo katika hapa, mimi kutangaza, int
pembejeo, nje ya kwanza.

1278
01:05:14,840 --> 01:05:18,100
Na kisha mimi tu kusema, kufanya hivyo
maelekezo wakati pembejeo

1279
01:05:18,100 --> 01:05:19,140
ni chini ya sifuri.

1280
01:05:19,140 --> 01:05:20,530
Hivyo hits Je kwanza.

1281
01:05:20,530 --> 01:05:24,190
Ni siku zote kutekeleza hii angalau
mara moja, hivyo daima kuuliza user

1282
01:05:24,190 --> 01:05:25,960
kwa ajili ya pembejeo angalau mara moja.

1283
01:05:25,960 --> 01:05:29,390
Na kisha kutathmini pembejeo kwamba,
na unaendelea katika mduara.

1284
01:05:29,390 --> 01:05:30,135
Ndiyo, swali?

1285
01:05:30,135 --> 01:05:32,602
>> SPIKA 6: Je, kuna njia ya kufanya hivyo
[Inaudible] aina, kama kama wewe kusema,

1286
01:05:32,602 --> 01:05:34,268
GetString, na mtu [inaudible]

1287
01:05:34,268 --> 01:05:35,220
kuna njia ya [inaudible]

1288
01:05:35,220 --> 01:05:40,060
>> JOSEPH: Kwa hiyo swali ni, kuna
njia ya kufanya mchango uthibitisho kama mtumiaji

1289
01:05:40,060 --> 01:05:41,850
haina kuweka katika haki
aina ya kutofautiana?

1290
01:05:41,850 --> 01:05:44,460
Hivyo kama sisi kuomba kwa ajili ya int na wao
kutupa kamba badala yake.

1291
01:05:44,460 --> 01:05:49,110
Na katika kazi ambayo sisi kutekeleza
kwa ajili yenu, GetInt, GetString katika yote ya

1292
01:05:49,110 --> 01:05:52,680
kazi hizo, kwa kweli tayari
kufanya aina ya msingi ya aina pembejeo

1293
01:05:52,680 --> 01:05:54,120
uthibitisho chini ya kofia.

1294
01:05:54,120 --> 01:05:57,390
Hivyo kama wewe ni kutumia kazi kwamba sisi
alitoa wewe, si kweli kuwa kwa.

1295
01:05:57,390 --> 01:06:01,380
>> Lakini kama unataka kuangalia zaidi katika jinsi
unaweza kweli kufanya hivyo, unaweza kuangalia

1296
01:06:01,380 --> 01:06:03,360
chini ya kofia faili I/O--

1297
01:06:03,360 --> 01:06:07,990
faili, kiwango I / O kazi
kama kusoma kutoka pembejeo kiwango na

1298
01:06:07,990 --> 01:06:08,580
kiwango pato.

1299
01:06:08,580 --> 01:06:10,630
Na unaweza kupata hali nzuri zaidi
jinsi unavyoweza kufanya hivyo.

1300
01:06:10,630 --> 01:06:13,670
>> Rob: One suala hilo, ingawa, ni hasa
kwa mfano wewe

1301
01:06:13,670 --> 01:06:17,070
akasema, unatarajia string
na mimi kuingia int.

1302
01:06:17,070 --> 01:06:20,110
Jinsi gani unaweza kuwaambia tofauti
kati ya makusudi kutaka

1303
01:06:20,110 --> 01:06:23,130
kamba 123 dhidi ya kutaka int 123?

1304
01:06:23,130 --> 01:06:29,230
Hivyo kamba, ni pretty much hakuna
uthibitisho, ni tu chochote

1305
01:06:29,230 --> 01:06:31,600
aliingia utakuwa kutafsiri
kama kamba.

1306
01:06:31,600 --> 01:06:35,790
>> Int ni rahisi, kwa sababu hakuna jambo
pembejeo kuchukua kutoka kwa mtumiaji, wewe ni

1307
01:06:35,790 --> 01:06:37,470
daima kuchukua kamba.

1308
01:06:37,470 --> 01:06:40,650
Na hivyo string kwamba unaweza kisha
kuangalia, ni yote haya

1309
01:06:40,650 --> 01:06:44,218
kweli numeric tarakimu?

1310
01:06:44,218 --> 01:06:45,170
>> JOSEPH: OK.

1311
01:06:45,170 --> 01:06:46,420
Maswali yoyote kuhusu Do-Wakati kitanzi?

1312
01:06:46,420 --> 01:06:49,170
>> Rob: Oh, na hii pia ni -

1313
01:06:49,170 --> 01:06:55,130
kurejea wigo, kwa kiasi fulani ya kawaida
makosa ni kujaribu kutumia baadhi ya mitaa

1314
01:06:55,130 --> 01:06:59,540
variable kutoka ndani ya hii Do-Wakati
kitanzi ndani ya hali hii.

1315
01:06:59,540 --> 01:07:02,850
Na kwa kweli, kama sisi tu got kuondoa
hii na kusema, int pembejeo ni sawa na

1316
01:07:02,850 --> 01:07:06,990
GetInt, kisha compiler itakuwa kelele katika
yetu, kwa sababu pembejeo haipo

1317
01:07:06,990 --> 01:07:08,900
nje ya wigo wa
haya braces curly.

1318
01:07:08,900 --> 01:07:10,792
>> JOSEPH: Na hii ndiyo maana sisi
haja lineup hii hapa.

1319
01:07:10,792 --> 01:07:13,620

1320
01:07:13,620 --> 01:07:14,630
OK.

1321
01:07:14,630 --> 01:07:17,530
Hivyo unaweza pia kuvunja nje ya
kitanzi mapema kama unataka.

1322
01:07:17,530 --> 01:07:21,240
Hivyo hii ni njia tofauti ya
kutekeleza kile ambacho sisi tu kutekelezwa.

1323
01:07:21,240 --> 01:07:24,340
Na badala ya kutumia hali
ndani ya mabano, sisi ni kutumia

1324
01:07:24,340 --> 01:07:26,920
Kama taarifa ndani ya mwili
ya Do-Wakati kitanzi.

1325
01:07:26,920 --> 01:07:30,000
>> Na kimsingi, wakati pembejeo ni hatimaye
zaidi ya sifuri, sisi

1326
01:07:30,000 --> 01:07:31,000
kuvunja nje ya kitanzi.

1327
01:07:31,000 --> 01:07:33,420
Na hivyo tutakuwa kwenda wote
njia ya chini hapa.

1328
01:07:33,420 --> 01:07:37,920
Na unaweza kuona kwamba hii ingekuwa
pengine kuliko katika hii

1329
01:07:37,920 --> 01:07:39,870
mazingira, kwa sababu ni kidogo
kidogo safi na kidogo

1330
01:07:39,870 --> 01:07:41,380
kidogo rahisi kusoma.

1331
01:07:41,380 --> 01:07:45,210
Wakati huu, aina ya
na mistari ya ziada katika hiyo.

1332
01:07:45,210 --> 01:07:47,890
Ni kidogo tu uglier,
Nadhani, kwa maana.

1333
01:07:47,890 --> 01:07:48,530
Ndiyo, swali?

1334
01:07:48,530 --> 01:07:52,178
>> SPIKA 4: Je, kuvunja tu kupata
wewe nje ya seti moja ya braces?

1335
01:07:52,178 --> 01:07:53,080
>> JOSEPH: Haki.

1336
01:07:53,080 --> 01:07:58,100
Hivyo, swali ni kuvunja tu
kupata nje ya kitanzi moja?

1337
01:07:58,100 --> 01:07:59,280
Na jibu ni ndiyo.

1338
01:07:59,280 --> 01:08:04,290
Hivyo kama una Furushi Kwa tanzi, kwa
mfano, kama mimi na Kwa int mimi ni sawa na 0

1339
01:08:04,290 --> 01:08:09,040
mpaka 10 na kisha Kwa int J sawa na 0
mpaka 10, kama mimi kuvunja nje ya ndani

1340
01:08:09,040 --> 01:08:12,310
kitanzi, mimi bado kwenda
kwa kitanzi nje.

1341
01:08:12,310 --> 01:08:15,760
Hivyo itabidi kuweka kufanya
shughuli nje.

1342
01:08:15,760 --> 01:08:17,640
Maswali yoyote kuhusu hilo?

1343
01:08:17,640 --> 01:08:18,000
Ndiyo?

1344
01:08:18,000 --> 01:08:21,760
>> SPIKA 5: Lakini kuvunja kazi tu
kwa braces curly, si kwa ajili ya wengine

1345
01:08:21,760 --> 01:08:22,230
kauli?

1346
01:08:22,230 --> 01:08:22,700
[Inaudible]

1347
01:08:22,700 --> 01:08:27,620
>> JOSEPH: Kwa hiyo swali ni kuvunja
kazi tu kwa loops kinyume na

1348
01:08:27,620 --> 01:08:29,014
taarifa nyingine kama Kama?

1349
01:08:29,014 --> 01:08:32,950
Na ndiyo, kwamba ni kesi, kwa sababu
wewe ni kuvunja nje ya kitanzi, haki,

1350
01:08:32,950 --> 01:08:33,630
katika akili.

1351
01:08:33,630 --> 01:08:37,215
>> Rob: Katika idadi kubwa ya kesi, ni
hii ni aina ya Kama kitu,

1352
01:08:37,215 --> 01:08:37,660
kisha kuvunja.

1353
01:08:37,660 --> 01:08:41,580
Hivyo huna kuvunja kuomba
Kama kwamba ni Kumalizika kwa mpango kuzunguka.

1354
01:08:41,580 --> 01:08:45,250
Na pia, hii si mengi ya kitanzi,
lakini kumbuka kwamba swichi ni pia

1355
01:08:45,250 --> 01:08:46,340
kuvunjwa nje ya na mapumziko.

1356
01:08:46,340 --> 01:08:48,390
Tuliona mapumziko zinatumika
na swichi kabla ya.

1357
01:08:48,390 --> 01:08:52,189
>> JOSEPH: Na unaweza pia matumizi yao
katika Wakati loops na Kwa matanzi.

1358
01:08:52,189 --> 01:08:54,560
Maswali yoyote?

1359
01:08:54,560 --> 01:08:55,830
OK.

1360
01:08:55,830 --> 01:08:57,779
Hivyo up ya pili ni kazi.

1361
01:08:57,779 --> 01:09:01,500
Basi unaweza kutumika mmoja wa hawa BYOB
vitalu katika Scratch mradi wako.

1362
01:09:01,500 --> 01:09:04,569
Na hii kimsingi inaruhusu
kufafanua seti ya

1363
01:09:04,569 --> 01:09:05,680
maelekezo ya kufuatwa.

1364
01:09:05,680 --> 01:09:09,569
>> Na nini maana na kwamba ni hebu fikiria
nyuma math, haki, algebra.

1365
01:09:09,569 --> 01:09:13,370
Una nini sisi kuwaita kazi ya x,
baadhi variable, na hebu sema hii

1366
01:09:13,370 --> 01:09:16,080
kazi ni f ya x sawa na x pamoja na 5.

1367
01:09:16,080 --> 01:09:20,410
Hivyo unaweza kufikiria f ya x kama hii nyeusi
sanduku kwamba inachukua 15 na kisha

1368
01:09:20,410 --> 01:09:22,590
inazalisha 20.

1369
01:09:22,590 --> 01:09:26,630
>> Hivyo zaidi kwa ujumla, kazi ni
kitu kwamba inachukua baadhi ya pembejeo na

1370
01:09:26,630 --> 01:09:27,880
kisha hutoa baadhi mazao.

1371
01:09:27,880 --> 01:09:31,920

1372
01:09:31,920 --> 01:09:32,960
Na kwa nini ni kazi nzuri?

1373
01:09:32,960 --> 01:09:35,189
Wao ni nzuri kwa sababu idadi ya.

1374
01:09:35,189 --> 01:09:40,470
Hivyo gani mtu unataka kuchukua kumchoma
nini shirika inamaanisha nini?

1375
01:09:40,470 --> 01:09:42,630
Katika suala la kwa nini kazi ni msaada?

1376
01:09:42,630 --> 01:09:43,090
Ndiyo?

1377
01:09:43,090 --> 01:09:44,735
>> SPIKA 4: Ni inafanya yako
code zaidi someka.

1378
01:09:44,735 --> 01:09:45,399
>> JOSEPH: Haki.

1379
01:09:45,399 --> 01:09:47,670
Hivyo moja ya mambo ni inafanya
code yako zaidi someka, sawa?

1380
01:09:47,670 --> 01:09:53,710
Badala ya kuwa na kama int x sawa na x
mara x mara x, naweza kuwa na mchemraba wa x,

1381
01:09:53,710 --> 01:09:57,190
ambayo ni zaidi someka na zaidi
kueleweka kwa msomaji.

1382
01:09:57,190 --> 01:10:01,150
>> Shirika ni pia katika suala la
kugawanyika up code yako katika manageable

1383
01:10:01,150 --> 01:10:05,610
sehemu, ili badala ya kujaribu
kutekeleza yote haya katika moja ya muda mrefu sehemu

1384
01:10:05,610 --> 01:10:09,070
katika kuu, unaweza aina ya mgawanyiko it up
ndani ya kama, OK, hebu kuandika kazi

1385
01:10:09,070 --> 01:10:11,910
hadi utengenezaji wa mchemraba kitu, hebu kuandika
kazi ya mraba kitu.

1386
01:10:11,910 --> 01:10:15,950
Kwa njia hiyo unaweza kupasuliwa juu katika vidogo,
sehemu kidogo kwamba unaweza kukabiliana na

1387
01:10:15,950 --> 01:10:18,944
kinyume na kujaribu kukabiliana na
tatizo kubwa wote mara moja.

1388
01:10:18,944 --> 01:10:21,806
>> Rob: Au hata kidogo, sehemu kidogo kwamba
wewe na mpenzi unaweza kukabiliana na.

1389
01:10:21,806 --> 01:10:22,283
>> JOSEPH: Yeah.

1390
01:10:22,283 --> 01:10:23,855
>> Rob: Kwa hiyo badala ya wote
wewe ni kujaribu implant moja

1391
01:10:23,855 --> 01:10:27,170
kazi kwa wakati mmoja.

1392
01:10:27,170 --> 01:10:28,800
>> JOSEPH: Kurahisisha.

1393
01:10:28,800 --> 01:10:30,050
Mtu unataka kuchukua nadhani?

1394
01:10:30,050 --> 01:10:33,080

1395
01:10:33,080 --> 01:10:33,410
Ndiyo?

1396
01:10:33,410 --> 01:10:34,675
>> SPIKA 5: Zaidi marudio.

1397
01:10:34,675 --> 01:10:35,260
>> JOSEPH: Haki.

1398
01:10:35,260 --> 01:10:39,210
Hivyo suala moja ambalo unaweza kufanya na
kurahisisha ni kwamba ni aina ya juu ya

1399
01:10:39,210 --> 01:10:42,520
mistari hiyo kama re-usability ni kwamba
mara moja mimi kuandika cube kazi, naweza

1400
01:10:42,520 --> 01:10:45,410
kutumia tu kwamba tena na tena na tena
tena katika mpango wangu badala ya kuandika

1401
01:10:45,410 --> 01:10:49,610
x mara x mara x juu ya na
tena na tena.

1402
01:10:49,610 --> 01:10:52,980
Na kurahisisha hapa pia tu
maana inafanya code aina yako ya

1403
01:10:52,980 --> 01:10:55,900
rahisi Debug mara moja kupasuliwa
up huu katika kazi.

1404
01:10:55,900 --> 01:10:58,250
Kwa sababu kisha unaweza localize ambapo
matatizo yako aina ya ni.

1405
01:10:58,250 --> 01:11:00,910

1406
01:11:00,910 --> 01:11:02,160
Maswali yoyote?

1407
01:11:02,160 --> 01:11:04,200

1408
01:11:04,200 --> 01:11:06,540
>> Hivyo wazo mwingine ni uchukuaji, sawa?

1409
01:11:06,540 --> 01:11:07,390
Hii nyeusi sanduku.

1410
01:11:07,390 --> 01:11:11,360
Kama unajua nini GetInt gani
kupokea pembejeo kutoka kwa mtumiaji?

1411
01:11:11,360 --> 01:11:12,510
Sisi si kweli niliwaambia, sawa?

1412
01:11:12,510 --> 01:11:15,670
Wote tumekuwa kuambia ni GetInt gani
hasa nini anasema ni gani.

1413
01:11:15,670 --> 01:11:18,440
Hivyo hata kama hatuna kukuambia jinsi
kazi, bado kujua.

1414
01:11:18,440 --> 01:11:21,670
>> Hivyo katika kesi hii Hasa, hii ni
kazi quadruple ambayo haina

1415
01:11:21,670 --> 01:11:24,520
mambo mbalimbali ya pembejeo
kuzalisha pato.

1416
01:11:24,520 --> 01:11:28,050
Na unaweza mara nne idadi
kwa kuzidisha ni na watu wanne.

1417
01:11:28,050 --> 01:11:30,790
Au unaweza kile tunachokiita
kidogo kuhama ni na mbili.

1418
01:11:30,790 --> 01:11:32,960
Na tutaweza cover hii
kidogo baadaye.

1419
01:11:32,960 --> 01:11:36,570
Na hakuna haja ya kujua jinsi hii
kazi kweli kazi kwa muda mrefu kama

1420
01:11:36,570 --> 01:11:37,640
kazi kama ilivyoelezwa.

1421
01:11:37,640 --> 01:11:40,740
>> Hivyo chini ya kofia, mimi inaweza kuwa
kama, kurudi mara pembejeo

1422
01:11:40,740 --> 01:11:41,690
nane kugawanywa na mbili.

1423
01:11:41,690 --> 01:11:42,510
Na bila kujua, sawa?

1424
01:11:42,510 --> 01:11:44,970
Wote unahitaji kujua ni
haina nini anasema.

1425
01:11:44,970 --> 01:11:48,070
Hivyo kwamba ni jambo muhimu
kuhusu kufikirika tu.

1426
01:11:48,070 --> 01:11:52,910
>> Na kitu kingine ni aina ya wazo hili
ya localizing code yako moja

1427
01:11:52,910 --> 01:11:54,280
sehemu fulani.

1428
01:11:54,280 --> 01:11:57,450
Hivyo kama una tatizo, unaweza kufanya si
na kwenda wote juu ya kanuni yako kujaribu

1429
01:11:57,450 --> 01:11:58,730
kurekebisha ambapo tatizo ni.

1430
01:11:58,730 --> 01:12:00,990
Hivyo katika kesi hii, mimi kutekelezwa
mchemraba makosa.

1431
01:12:00,990 --> 01:12:02,820
Nilidhani cube ilikuwa kuzidisha
na tatu.

1432
01:12:02,820 --> 01:12:05,760
>> Hivyo katika kesi hii, hii ni programu ya moja
kwamba tu ina kuzidisha na tatu

1433
01:12:05,760 --> 01:12:06,750
kila mahali.

1434
01:12:06,750 --> 01:12:10,910
Na kuna mpango mwingine ambayo ina
factored cube nje katika kazi.

1435
01:12:10,910 --> 01:12:14,040
Na hivyo sasa kama nataka kurekebisha makosa yangu
hapa, nina kurekebisha kila line moja

1436
01:12:14,040 --> 01:12:15,620
wa kanuni katika mpango huu.

1437
01:12:15,620 --> 01:12:19,190
Wakati kwa upande mwingine, kama mimi kutumia
kazi, mimi tu haja ya kubadili

1438
01:12:19,190 --> 01:12:20,650
nini ilikuwa na makosa katika sehemu moja.

1439
01:12:20,650 --> 01:12:25,330

1440
01:12:25,330 --> 01:12:28,730
>> Hivyo katika sayansi ya kompyuta, sisi
kuwaita pembejeo na mazao.

1441
01:12:28,730 --> 01:12:31,640
Pembejeo walioitwa vigezo au
hoja, na matokeo walioitwa

1442
01:12:31,640 --> 01:12:32,950
kurudi maadili.

1443
01:12:32,950 --> 01:12:39,000
Na tutaona jinsi hii inatusaidia aina
ya kufafanua kazi katika pili.

1444
01:12:39,000 --> 01:12:41,430
Hivyo hii ni ufafanuzi kazi
kwa cubing.

1445
01:12:41,430 --> 01:12:45,110
Hivyo inachukua pembejeo, na kisha
kuirudisha kwamba wakati idadi

1446
01:12:45,110 --> 01:12:47,020
yenyewe mara tatu.

1447
01:12:47,020 --> 01:12:48,020
Basi hebu kuvunja hii.

1448
01:12:48,020 --> 01:12:53,090
>> Hivyo tuna kazi header, ambayo
kimsingi lina mambo matatu.

1449
01:12:53,090 --> 01:12:56,050
Hivyo tuna vigezo, ambayo
ni, kama nilivyosema hapo kabla,

1450
01:12:56,050 --> 01:12:57,680
pembejeo katika kazi hii.

1451
01:12:57,680 --> 01:12:59,300
Na basi sisi kutoa kazi jina.

1452
01:12:59,300 --> 01:13:00,740
Katika kesi hiyo, ni wito mraba.

1453
01:13:00,740 --> 01:13:03,860
Na kisha sisi bayana ni aina gani
ya thamani ya kurudi ni.

1454
01:13:03,860 --> 01:13:06,760
>> Hivyo katika kesi hii, mchemraba yangu kazi
inachukua katika integer na pia

1455
01:13:06,760 --> 01:13:07,890
anarudi integer.

1456
01:13:07,890 --> 01:13:11,510
Basi, ikiwa mimi kupita katika mbili, mbili ni integer,
kuirudisha nane kwangu, ambayo

1457
01:13:11,510 --> 01:13:13,250
ni integer.

1458
01:13:13,250 --> 01:13:15,420
Hivyo kurudi jina aina vigezo.

1459
01:13:15,420 --> 01:13:16,670
Maswali kuhusu hilo?

1460
01:13:16,670 --> 01:13:19,440

1461
01:13:19,440 --> 01:13:24,230
>> Na kisha kurudi thamani ni kweli
fulani mwishoni mwa kwa kusema kurudi

1462
01:13:24,230 --> 01:13:27,540
na kisha kurudi chochote
ina thamani ya kurudi.

1463
01:13:27,540 --> 01:13:30,940
Hivyo katika kesi hii, kama sisi kuweka yote
pamoja, kazi inachukua katika

1464
01:13:30,940 --> 01:13:35,100
vigezo, ni wito kitu, na
kuirudisha kitu ambacho ni aina

1465
01:13:35,100 --> 01:13:36,350
kwamba tunasema ni kwenda kuwa.

1466
01:13:36,350 --> 01:13:39,830

1467
01:13:39,830 --> 01:13:41,080
Maswali yoyote?

1468
01:13:41,080 --> 01:13:43,710

1469
01:13:43,710 --> 01:13:45,080
>> Hivyo ni jinsi gani sisi kutumia kazi?

1470
01:13:45,080 --> 01:13:49,230
Naam, sisi kuandika kazi na kisha
sisi kutumia katika mpango wetu, sawa?

1471
01:13:49,230 --> 01:13:51,565
Basi, mimi kuitwa kuwa ni mchemraba, na
kisha naweza kutumia mraba.

1472
01:13:51,565 --> 01:13:54,200
>> Lakini ni nini muhimu kutambua
ni kwamba mambo utaratibu.

1473
01:13:54,200 --> 01:13:58,100
Kama mimi na mchemraba chini kuu, ni
kwenda kukimbia katika mchemraba.

1474
01:13:58,100 --> 01:14:00,360
Na katika hatua hii, kuna kitu
aitwaye cube katika mpango, na ni

1475
01:14:00,360 --> 01:14:02,550
tu kwenda kuwa kama mimi na
sijui nini mchemraba ni.

1476
01:14:02,550 --> 01:14:05,060
>> Hivyo atakuambia, thabiti
tamko la kazi.

1477
01:14:05,060 --> 01:14:06,690
Hiyo ni hitilafu ambayo inaonyesha up.

1478
01:14:06,690 --> 01:14:10,230
Na hivyo katika kesi hii, mchemraba ni chini ya
kuu, hivyo si kwenda

1479
01:14:10,230 --> 01:14:12,006
kujua kuhusu hilo.

1480
01:14:12,006 --> 01:14:14,724
>> SPIKA 5: Hivyo kuu ni kawaida
kazi mwisho defined?

1481
01:14:14,724 --> 01:14:17,290
>> JOSEPH: Kwa hiyo swali ni,
ni kuu kawaida mwisho

1482
01:14:17,290 --> 01:14:18,170
kitu kwamba Ningependa kufafanua?

1483
01:14:18,170 --> 01:14:19,730
Na hakuna.

1484
01:14:19,730 --> 01:14:22,280
Ni kwa sababu sisi kawaida kama kuu
kwa kuwa saa ya juu, right?

1485
01:14:22,280 --> 01:14:24,640
Kwa sababu hiyo jambo la kwanza
unataka programu ya kufungua

1486
01:14:24,640 --> 01:14:25,640
mpango wa kuona.

1487
01:14:25,640 --> 01:14:29,950
Na hivyo ni jinsi gani sisi kutatua suala hili la sisi
wanataka kuu kwa kuwa saa ya juu, lakini

1488
01:14:29,950 --> 01:14:33,750
kazi kwamba tunataka, tunataka yao
kuwa chini ya kuu bado kuwa na uwezo wa kutumia

1489
01:14:33,750 --> 01:14:34,930
yao ndani ya kuu?

1490
01:14:34,930 --> 01:14:36,870
>> Naam, sisi kutumia kile tunachokiita
kazi mfano.

1491
01:14:36,870 --> 01:14:40,830
Basi nini kazi mfano kimsingi
ni ni ni ya kwanza inachukua nini

1492
01:14:40,830 --> 01:14:45,060
sahihi au kazi header
ya nini tunataka kutekeleza chini

1493
01:14:45,060 --> 01:14:47,420
hapa, na sisi kuiweka katika
juu ya mpango huo.

1494
01:14:47,420 --> 01:14:51,400
>> Hivyo katika kesi hii, tunasema kwamba, vizuri,
baadaye katika mpango wetu, tunakwenda

1495
01:14:51,400 --> 01:14:55,010
kufanya ahadi ya kutekeleza mpango huu
kazi kuitwa int mchemraba, ambayo inachukua

1496
01:14:55,010 --> 01:14:56,260
integer pembejeo.

1497
01:14:56,260 --> 01:15:00,870
Basi sasa, kwa sababu ni juu ya kuu,
kuu, ni kwenda kusema, oh, vizuri,

1498
01:15:00,870 --> 01:15:03,910
baadaye katika mpango, kwamba kinaendelea kuwa
huko ili niweze rejea, hivyo mimi itabidi

1499
01:15:03,910 --> 01:15:05,230
tu basi ni kwenda kupitia kwa sasa.

1500
01:15:05,230 --> 01:15:07,660
>> Na kisha chini,
sisi kutekeleza mraba.

1501
01:15:07,660 --> 01:15:11,180
Na kisha kuu tu kusema,
vizuri, itakuwa aina ya kiungo

1502
01:15:11,180 --> 01:15:12,250
haya alama mbili pamoja.

1503
01:15:12,250 --> 01:15:14,320
Na tutaweza cover yale ambayo
maana baadaye.

1504
01:15:14,320 --> 01:15:17,090
Na hivyo utakuwa kujua kwamba hii ni
cube kazi ambayo ni lazima kutumia.

1505
01:15:17,090 --> 01:15:19,630

1506
01:15:19,630 --> 01:15:23,383
>> Rob: [inaudible] kuhusu kutaka
kuu kwa chini au

1507
01:15:23,383 --> 01:15:24,880
juu, nimeona zote mbili.

1508
01:15:24,880 --> 01:15:28,630
Kuna mambo ambayo tu kama
kuweka kuu chini.

1509
01:15:28,630 --> 01:15:32,520
Lakini mara moja mradi anapata hasa
kubwa, kwa kawaida kuu ni katika

1510
01:15:32,520 --> 01:15:34,290
faili yote peke yake.

1511
01:15:34,290 --> 01:15:38,170
Na katika hatua hiyo, kama
int cube line ingekuwa -

1512
01:15:38,170 --> 01:15:42,460
ndani ya stdio.h ni rundo
ya mistari kama hiyo int

1513
01:15:42,460 --> 01:15:44,010
cube int pembejeo line.

1514
01:15:44,010 --> 01:15:50,170
>> Na hivyo wale prototypes ni mambo
huwa na kuweka katika header files, katika

1515
01:15:50,170 --> 01:15:52,140
ambayo uhakika, haijalishi.

1516
01:15:52,140 --> 01:15:54,700
Naam, haijalishi.

1517
01:15:54,700 --> 01:15:56,070
Wale daima kwenda juu.

1518
01:15:56,070 --> 01:15:59,490
Na kama kuu ni si file yote yake mwenyewe,
huna na wasiwasi juu ya kuweka

1519
01:15:59,490 --> 01:16:02,360
kazi ya mtu binafsi prototypes
katika faili.

1520
01:16:02,360 --> 01:16:05,370
>> JOSEPH: Na tutaweza kupata kidogo
kidogo baadaye wakati Rob kuanza kuzungumza

1521
01:16:05,370 --> 01:16:06,380
kuhusu kuandaa.

1522
01:16:06,380 --> 01:16:09,480
Na hivyo kuna pia tofauti
kati ya parameter na hoja.

1523
01:16:09,480 --> 01:16:12,500
Na parameter ni yale tu
sisi kuwaita pembejeo hizi wakati

1524
01:16:12,500 --> 01:16:13,820
sisi kufafanua kazi.

1525
01:16:13,820 --> 01:16:16,950
Na sisi kuiita hoja wakati sisi
kweli kupita katika kazi.

1526
01:16:16,950 --> 01:16:19,600
>> Hivyo katika kesi hii, ni parameter,
kama sisi alisema kabla.

1527
01:16:19,600 --> 01:16:24,130
Na wakati sisi kweli matumizi yake zaidi ya hapo,
mchemraba wa x, kisha x yenyewe ni

1528
01:16:24,130 --> 01:16:25,910
kile tunachokiita hoja
kufanya kazi mchemraba.

1529
01:16:25,910 --> 01:16:28,150
>> Rob: Kwa hiyo hoja parameter ni -

1530
01:16:28,150 --> 01:16:33,270
kuna tofauti hii, sana
kuchanganyikiwa kwa kubadilishana.

1531
01:16:33,270 --> 01:16:37,090
Katika hatua hii, mimi, ni kama moja ya
maneno hayo kwamba wakati mimi kuona nje katika

1532
01:16:37,090 --> 01:16:41,190
pori, siwezi kusaidia lakini mara
swali kama wao ni kutumia katika

1533
01:16:41,190 --> 01:16:44,120
mazingira sahihi, kwa sababu
tofauti ni hila kutosha kwamba tu

1534
01:16:44,120 --> 01:16:45,500
kila mtu huelekea -

1535
01:16:45,500 --> 01:16:48,530
Mimi karibu daima kusema hoja
bila kujali nini maana.

1536
01:16:48,530 --> 01:16:51,230

1537
01:16:51,230 --> 01:16:54,630
>> JOSEPH: Na kazi pia ni muhimu
kwa nini sisi kuwaita madhara.

1538
01:16:54,630 --> 01:16:59,230
Hivyo kazi inaweza kuchukua hakuna pembejeo, na
inaweza pia kuzalisha hakuna matokeo.

1539
01:16:59,230 --> 01:17:03,280
Hivyo katika kesi fulani, mimi ni
kufafanua subroutine kwamba hana

1540
01:17:03,280 --> 01:17:03,970
kurudi thamani.

1541
01:17:03,970 --> 01:17:07,730
Na ili bayana kwamba, sisi kutumia
kile tunachokiita utupu zaidi ya hapa.

1542
01:17:07,730 --> 01:17:10,890
Na hivyo upande wa athari za kazi hii
ni kwamba tu Prints mambo

1543
01:17:10,890 --> 01:17:11,920
nje kwa ukurasa.

1544
01:17:11,920 --> 01:17:13,840
Haina kweli kuchukua yoyote
pembejeo, na haina

1545
01:17:13,840 --> 01:17:15,360
kweli kuzalisha matokeo yoyote.

1546
01:17:15,360 --> 01:17:18,230
>> Lakini hali hii inaweza kuwa na manufaa kwa maana
kama unataka, kwa mfano, utatuzi

1547
01:17:18,230 --> 01:17:21,530
kitu katika mpango wako, kama unataka
kuandika subroutine kidogo kwamba

1548
01:17:21,530 --> 01:17:25,160
Prints nje, hebu sema, yaliyomo
ya kumbukumbu au kitu.

1549
01:17:25,160 --> 01:17:29,800
Na hivyo madhara haya ni wakati mwingine
muhimu nje ya mazingira ya

1550
01:17:29,800 --> 01:17:33,010
ya tu kama pembejeo na mazao.

1551
01:17:33,010 --> 01:17:34,260
Maswali yoyote?

1552
01:17:34,260 --> 01:17:37,270

1553
01:17:37,270 --> 01:17:44,240
>> Na kukomesha sehemu fulani,
gani mpango huu nini?

1554
01:17:44,240 --> 01:17:47,420
Mimi nitakupa guys michache ya
sekunde ya kusoma kwa njia hiyo.

1555
01:17:47,420 --> 01:17:52,720

1556
01:17:52,720 --> 01:17:56,880
Katika ngazi ya msingi sana, nini tunataka
kusema ni kwamba swaps x na y, sawa?

1557
01:17:56,880 --> 01:18:00,090
>> Hivyo ni jinsi wengi wenu kwa kweli nadhani
hii kubadilishana x na y?

1558
01:18:00,090 --> 01:18:02,160
Kuongeza mkono wako.

1559
01:18:02,160 --> 01:18:02,760
Hakuna mtu yeyote.

1560
01:18:02,760 --> 01:18:03,070
OK.

1561
01:18:03,070 --> 01:18:06,720
Ambaye anadhani kwamba itakuwa
si kubadilishana x na y?

1562
01:18:06,720 --> 01:18:09,120
Na jumla ya kwamba alikuwa
si chumba chote.

1563
01:18:09,120 --> 01:18:10,440
Kwa hiyo baadhi ya watu ni uhakika.

1564
01:18:10,440 --> 01:18:10,920
OK.

1565
01:18:10,920 --> 01:18:11,630
Hiyo ni nafuu.

1566
01:18:11,630 --> 01:18:16,450
>> Basi hebu kwenda kwa njia ya kile kinachotokea wakati
kweli kuwaita kazi kwanza katika

1567
01:18:16,450 --> 01:18:18,320
Ili kujibu swali hili.

1568
01:18:18,320 --> 01:18:21,430
Hivyo hii ni nini kumbukumbu
aina ya inaonekana kama.

1569
01:18:21,430 --> 01:18:23,860
Hii ni aina ya kama mfano wa kuigwa rahisi
ya kile kumbukumbu inaonekana kama wakati

1570
01:18:23,860 --> 01:18:24,800
wewe kuendesha programu.

1571
01:18:24,800 --> 01:18:27,270
Hivyo kuna kitu kinachoitwa
stack hapa chini na

1572
01:18:27,270 --> 01:18:28,330
kitu kinachoitwa chungu.

1573
01:18:28,330 --> 01:18:30,950
Na hizi kukua kwa
katikati ya kumbukumbu.

1574
01:18:30,950 --> 01:18:33,860
>> Hivyo katika kesi fulani, wakati
wewe piga kazi, ni

1575
01:18:33,860 --> 01:18:35,680
anapata kuweka kwenye stack.

1576
01:18:35,680 --> 01:18:38,900
Na kisha chochote zilizomo katika
kazi anakaa katika kile sisi wito kwamba

1577
01:18:38,900 --> 01:18:40,550
kazi ya stack frame.

1578
01:18:40,550 --> 01:18:44,500
Na hivyo kupata nzuri taswira ya
hii, let's - kwa mfano, tulikuwa na

1579
01:18:44,500 --> 01:18:45,960
mpango kuu mapema.

1580
01:18:45,960 --> 01:18:47,820
Na ndani ya kuu, sisi kuitwa mraba.

1581
01:18:47,820 --> 01:18:50,650
Hivyo kuu bila kwanza kwenda kwenye stack
sura, kwa sababu ni kazi ya kwanza

1582
01:18:50,650 --> 01:18:51,640
hiyo kuitwa.

1583
01:18:51,640 --> 01:18:55,740
>> Na kisha wakati kipande inaitwa ndani ya
kuu, anapata kuweka juu ya kuu

1584
01:18:55,740 --> 01:18:57,790
ndani ya kumbukumbu.

1585
01:18:57,790 --> 01:19:02,090
Basi nini wewe utakuwa taarifa hapa ni kwamba mchemraba
ina vigezo yake mwenyewe na yake

1586
01:19:02,090 --> 01:19:02,950
mwenyewe na wananchi.

1587
01:19:02,950 --> 01:19:06,720
Hivyo wakati wewe kweli kupita kitu
kazi, vigezo kwamba

1588
01:19:06,720 --> 01:19:09,910
anapata ni nakala ya nini
kupita katika kutoka kuu.

1589
01:19:09,910 --> 01:19:14,140
>> Na kwa aina ya kueleza hii, hebu
kutembea kwa njia ya mpango huo.

1590
01:19:14,140 --> 01:19:16,960
Hivyo tuna stack, hii ni
tu stack sehemu.

1591
01:19:16,960 --> 01:19:21,240
Na nini cha kufanya ni sisi kwanza initialize
x na y kwa moja na mbili.

1592
01:19:21,240 --> 01:19:22,400
Hivyo tuna haya masanduku kidogo.

1593
01:19:22,400 --> 01:19:25,310
Wao wamekaa katika stack kuu ya
sura juu ya stack.

1594
01:19:25,310 --> 01:19:26,580
Wao vyenye moja na mbili.

1595
01:19:26,580 --> 01:19:28,820
>> Sasa sisi kuwaita wabadilishane.

1596
01:19:28,820 --> 01:19:33,940
Nini kinatokea ni sisi kupita x na y ndani ya
wabadilishane, na kubadilishana inajenga nakala yake mwenyewe

1597
01:19:33,940 --> 01:19:36,520
ya vigezo wale kutumia ndani ya
ya sura yake stack.

1598
01:19:36,520 --> 01:19:39,920
Hivyo sasa zaidi ya hapo, tuna, ambayo
ina thamani kwamba x nayo; na b,

1599
01:19:39,920 --> 01:19:41,620
ambayo ina thamani kwamba y alikuwa.

1600
01:19:41,620 --> 01:19:42,670
Hivyo moja, mbili.

1601
01:19:42,670 --> 01:19:47,130
>> Na wewe utakuwa taarifa kwamba hii ni tofauti
kutoka x na y ndani ya kuu.

1602
01:19:47,130 --> 01:19:51,390
Hivyo sisi sasa kujenga muda
kutofautiana kwa vyenye.

1603
01:19:51,390 --> 01:19:56,100
Sisi kuweka sawa b, hivyo
mabadiliko kutoka mmoja hadi miwili.

1604
01:19:56,100 --> 01:19:59,340
Na kisha sisi kuweka b sawa
kwa temp, ambayo ni moja.

1605
01:19:59,340 --> 01:20:01,640
>> Na kisha sasa sisi exit nje
wa kazi hii.

1606
01:20:01,640 --> 01:20:04,310

1607
01:20:04,310 --> 01:20:07,410
Wakati exit nje ya kazi,
stack frame anapata popped mbali stack.

1608
01:20:07,410 --> 01:20:08,270
Tunasema kushinikiza.

1609
01:20:08,270 --> 01:20:12,750
Kushinikiza frame stack kwenye stack
na pop kama off stack.

1610
01:20:12,750 --> 01:20:16,080
Na hivyo kile kinachotokea ni kwamba kila kitu
ilikuwa katika stack frame aina ya tu

1611
01:20:16,080 --> 01:20:17,280
huenda juu katika moto.

1612
01:20:17,280 --> 01:20:19,180
Na ili haipo tena.

1613
01:20:19,180 --> 01:20:20,470
>> Lakini je, sisi taarifa?

1614
01:20:20,470 --> 01:20:23,690
Sisi kamwe kweli iliyopita
maadili ya x na y, sawa?

1615
01:20:23,690 --> 01:20:26,530
Hivyo wale walikaa ndani kuu.

1616
01:20:26,530 --> 01:20:29,900
Na kwa kupita mambo katika wabadilishane, sisi
kweli kamwe iliyopita maadili hayo.

1617
01:20:29,900 --> 01:20:31,260
Na nini sisi wito huu?

1618
01:20:31,260 --> 01:20:33,040
Tunatoa wito kupita hii kwa thamani.

1619
01:20:33,040 --> 01:20:36,860
>> Hivyo katika C, wakati kupita mambo katika
kazi, hupita yao kwa thamani na

1620
01:20:36,860 --> 01:20:40,160
hufanya nakala yao kwa ajili ya
kazi kwa kutumia.

1621
01:20:40,160 --> 01:20:43,980
Na tutaweza kujifunza kuhusu kitu kinachoitwa
akipita ya kumbukumbu baadaye, lakini hiyo ni

1622
01:20:43,980 --> 01:20:45,390
Kwa njia hiyo unaweza kutatua tatizo hili.

1623
01:20:45,390 --> 01:20:47,080
Lakini sisi si na wasiwasi juu ya
kwamba mpaka baadaye.

1624
01:20:47,080 --> 01:20:52,200
>> Rob: Na kwa kweli, kwamba mrefu, kupita
kwa kumbukumbu, hivyo C haina hata

1625
01:20:52,200 --> 01:20:54,270
akipita inayozungumzia.

1626
01:20:54,270 --> 01:20:56,760
C peke ina akipita thamani.

1627
01:20:56,760 --> 01:20:59,630
Hakuna jambo gani wewe, wewe ni daima
kupita nakala ya kitu fulani.

1628
01:20:59,630 --> 01:21:03,395
Ni kwamba tu, kama mimi aina ya zilizotajwa
kwamba kabla ya kuyatumia kwa

1629
01:21:03,395 --> 01:21:07,690
na kwamba string ni kweli tu nne
ka akizungumzia mahala fulani katika kumbukumbu.

1630
01:21:07,690 --> 01:21:11,890
>> Naam, kama mimi na kamba hii na ni
akiniambia kwamba ni ambapo kamba -

1631
01:21:11,890 --> 01:21:15,470
vizuri, kama mimi na pointer hii hii
mahali katika kumbukumbu, kisha siwezi kupita

1632
01:21:15,470 --> 01:21:19,160
nakala ya pointer kwa kazi, na
kazi ambayo bado anajua ambapo katika

1633
01:21:19,160 --> 01:21:19,780
kumbukumbu ni.

1634
01:21:19,780 --> 01:21:22,950
Hivyo wote ya kuyatumia haya ni akizungumzia
sehemu moja katika kumbukumbu, na

1635
01:21:22,950 --> 01:21:26,460
kwamba ni jinsi gani tunakwenda kuwa na uwezo
kurekebisha mambo zaidi ya

1636
01:21:26,460 --> 01:21:29,852
sasa stack frame.

1637
01:21:29,852 --> 01:21:31,040
>> JOSEPH: Je, unataka kufanya kuandaa?

1638
01:21:31,040 --> 01:21:31,820
>> Rob: Hapana, ni 5:30.

1639
01:21:31,820 --> 01:21:32,910
>> JOSEPH: OK.

1640
01:21:32,910 --> 01:21:35,040
Ni 5:30.

1641
01:21:35,040 --> 01:21:35,360
OK.

1642
01:21:35,360 --> 01:21:39,280
Hivyo sisi itafikia kuandaa mimi nadhani katika
sehemu ya pili, au sehemu yako

1643
01:21:39,280 --> 01:21:42,795
kiongozi katika hatua hiyo.

1644
01:21:42,795 --> 01:21:43,272
Na -

1645
01:21:43,272 --> 01:21:44,630
>> Rob: maswali yoyote?

1646
01:21:44,630 --> 01:21:46,760
>> JOSEPH: maswali yoyote?

1647
01:21:46,760 --> 01:21:47,150
Ndiyo?

1648
01:21:47,150 --> 01:21:52,469
>> SPIKA 5: Matumizi ya masharti kutoka CS50, yoyote
kazi ambayo tunataka kutumia kwa

1649
01:21:52,469 --> 01:21:53,880
hizo, utakuwa kama kazi C.

1650
01:21:53,880 --> 01:21:59,050
CS50 hana wamekwenda katika na
alifanya yoyote ya ziada.

1651
01:21:59,050 --> 01:22:01,850
>> Rob: Sahihi.

1652
01:22:01,850 --> 01:22:08,155
Yoyote ya C kama [inaudible], wewe
atatumia wale juu ya masharti yetu.

1653
01:22:08,155 --> 01:22:12,400
>> JOSEPH: Na jambo moja la mwisho nataka
kutaja ni kwamba tuna style mwongozo

1654
01:22:12,400 --> 01:22:13,130
kwa darasa hili.

1655
01:22:13,130 --> 01:22:13,360
>> Rob: Oh, yeah.

1656
01:22:13,360 --> 01:22:15,270
>> JOSEPH: Hivyo kama umefanya kuja kutoka
programu background kabla,

1657
01:22:15,270 --> 01:22:17,750
kuwa na mikataba fulani wakati
wewe ni kuandika code kama kuweka

1658
01:22:17,750 --> 01:22:20,950
braces juu ya mstari huo au fulani
njia ya indenting

1659
01:22:20,950 --> 01:22:22,240
au kutaja vigezo yako.

1660
01:22:22,240 --> 01:22:26,870
Katika darasa hili, tunataka kufuata
style mwongozo maalum kwa sababu tu,

1661
01:22:26,870 --> 01:22:31,100
vizuri, kama kwenda nje na kufanya kazi katika
viwanda, wewe kwenda kutarajiwa

1662
01:22:31,100 --> 01:22:34,780
kwa kufuata mtindo kiongozi wa
kampuni ya saa ambayo kwenda.

1663
01:22:34,780 --> 01:22:38,040
>> Kama kwa mfano, Facebook nadhani
ina aina fulani ya kutaja

1664
01:22:38,040 --> 01:22:38,760
mkataba.

1665
01:22:38,760 --> 01:22:42,570
Na kuna tofauti kati ya ngamia
casing vigezo na tu kama

1666
01:22:42,570 --> 01:22:44,610
kujitenga kwao na underscores.

1667
01:22:44,610 --> 01:22:52,170
Na pia, nadhani suala muhimu zaidi, kama
kwa mfano, indentation, sawa?

1668
01:22:52,170 --> 01:22:56,440
>> Sisi braces curly kuanza ambapo
hali ni, na wao

1669
01:22:56,440 --> 01:22:57,730
ni juu ya mstari wa pili.

1670
01:22:57,730 --> 01:23:01,230
Na sisi pia kuweka braces curly katika
hata kama ni line moja tu.

1671
01:23:01,230 --> 01:23:06,100
Na mara nyingi, kuna njia ya kufanya
ni wapi unaweza kuondoka braces haya

1672
01:23:06,100 --> 01:23:08,380
mbali kama ni line moja tu
chini ya kauli Kama.

1673
01:23:08,380 --> 01:23:12,070
Lakini katika darasa hili, tunataka kufuata
style mwongozo maalum tu ili kupata

1674
01:23:12,070 --> 01:23:13,550
kutumika kwa kuwa aina ya kitu.

1675
01:23:13,550 --> 01:23:16,410
>> Rob: Yeah, na Sinema 50 ni kwenda
kutekeleza mwongozo mtindo huu, na sisi ni

1676
01:23:16,410 --> 01:23:18,080
kwenda kutumia Sinema 50
kwa daraja code yako.

1677
01:23:18,080 --> 01:23:25,150
Hivyo hufanya mambo rahisi kwa sisi na
hopefully haipaswi kufanya mambo ambayo

1678
01:23:25,150 --> 01:23:30,120
mbaya zaidi kwa ajili yenu kutokana na
style sanifu haipaswi kuwa

1679
01:23:30,120 --> 01:23:31,460
unrealistic.

1680
01:23:31,460 --> 01:23:36,000
>> JOSEPH: Na hatimaye, ili kupata style
mwongozo, kwenda manual.cs50.net/style.

1681
01:23:36,000 --> 01:23:37,725
Na yeah.

1682
01:23:37,725 --> 01:23:40,575
>> SPIKA 4: Je, wewe kwenda kutekeleza
wahusika yoyote kwa line?

1683
01:23:40,575 --> 01:23:42,480
>> Rob: Ndiyo.

1684
01:23:42,480 --> 01:23:45,405
>> JOSEPH: Sorry, guys.

1685
01:23:45,405 --> 01:23:47,680
>> Rob: Hiyo ni kama mmoja wa wale tu.

1686
01:23:47,680 --> 01:23:50,420
Katika hatua hii, mimi sawa na 120.

1687
01:23:50,420 --> 01:23:52,460
Mimi nina OK na kusema 120
wahusika kwa kila mstari.

1688
01:23:52,460 --> 01:23:53,830
Naelewa kuna kuwa baadhi ya kikomo.

1689
01:23:53,830 --> 01:23:57,130
Nadhani 80 ni ndogo sana, lakini
sisi ni kutekeleza hilo.

1690
01:23:57,130 --> 01:24:00,260
>> JOSEPH: Binafsi, nadhani kwa
C, wahusika 80 ni zaidi OK.

1691
01:24:00,260 --> 01:24:04,160
Mara baada ya kuanza kupata nyingine
lugha kama JavaScript na PHP, si

1692
01:24:04,160 --> 01:24:08,860
hivyo busara na kikomo tu
kwa wahusika 80.

1693
01:24:08,860 --> 01:24:09,260
OK.

1694
01:24:09,260 --> 01:24:12,780
Naam, hilo ndilo sehemu super.

1695
01:24:12,780 --> 01:24:14,750
Je, mtu yeyote wanataka pipi?

1696
01:24:14,750 --> 01:24:16,000
>> SPIKA 4: Ndiyo.

1697
01:24:16,000 --> 01:24:18,667