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>> DAVID MALAN: Now that our course's
home page has gotten a bit more

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complex, it's probably time to start
organizing related files into

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subdirectories.

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Allow me to propose this.

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For the course's home page, we can
leave index.php, lectures.php,

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week0.php, and week1.php in the
same directory as always.

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But let me propose that inside of a
directory called includes, we put

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files that we might like to include,
namely helpers.php.

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Meanwhile in templates, let me propose
that we put footer.php and header.php.

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>> Now with those files and subdirectory,
how do we require them

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in our actual code?

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Well, inside of index.php, notice that
it suffices to now require not

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helpers.php alone but
includes/helpers.php.

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In other words, because the includes
subdirectory is in the same directory

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that index.php is, it suffices simply
to have this relative path of

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includes/helpers.php.

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>> Meanwhile in helpers.php, notice that
we have to get at the template a

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little bit differently.

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Inside of render, I'll still declare
path, but I'll assign it a value of

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underscore underscore DIR underscore
underscore, which is a special global

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constant that represents the directory
inside of which helpers.php itself is.

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I'll then concatenate onto that using
the dot operator the following--

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slash dot dot slash templates slash and
then concatenate further onto that

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the name of the temple
followed by .php.

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>> In other words, if the template we're
trying to get at is header.php, path

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will take on a value that's equal to the
current directory that helpers.php

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is slash dot dot to go up one level in
that tree, /templates/header.php.

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In other words, in this way are all of
our URLs effectively relative to

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wherever we might put these
files on our hard drive.

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Nothing is hard coded absolutely.

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>> Now the rest of render is the same.

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I continue to check whether
that path exists.

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I extract the keys into local
variables, and I require

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the template itself.

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So all that I've done ultimately is
reorganize my code, nothing that the

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user will actually see.

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