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>> [MUSIC KUCHEZA]

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>> -Alright!

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>> -Hii Ni CS50.

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>> -Hii Ni CS50.

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>> -Hii Ni CS50.

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[MUSIC - Iggy AZALEA, "FANCY"]

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>> -My Kumbukumbu favorite kutoka CS50
ilikuwa wakati mimi akaenda puzzle Day.

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>> -Probably Tu wakati
alitumia kazi katika seti tatizo

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na rafiki yangu na watu ambao Wold
hatimaye kuwa blockmates yangu.

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>> -My Bora ya kumbukumbu kutoka kwa
CS50 ni hackathon.

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-The CS50 hackathon.

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>> -Hackathon.

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>> -Hackathon.

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-Hackathon.

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-The Hackathon

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-Rob Bowden.

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Tu kila kitu juu yake.

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>> [MUSIC - Iggy AZALEA, "FANCY"]

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>> Favorite kumbukumbu -My ni wakati mimi nilikuwa juu ya
hatua na mimi na jukumu kifahari

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ya nodi [? katika Wanaohusishwa?]
[? Orodha. ?]

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>> -Wakati Sisi wote got bure Dropbox nafasi na
Daudi alikuwa kama, angalia chini ya viti yako.

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Na ilikuwa kama, nafasi kwa kila mtu!

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>> [MUSIC - Iggy AZALEA, "FANCY"]

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>> Ushauri -My kwa yoyote
mwanafunzi zinazoingia ingekuwa

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kuwa kwa kweli kazi juu ya
P-seti na marafiki.

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>> Masaa -Office ni mengi sana rafiki yako.

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>> -Make Zaidi ya uzoefu wako
na kukutana na watu kama wengi kama unaweza.

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>> -Don't Kuwa na hofu ya kuomba msaada.

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-Start P-seti mapema katika wiki.

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-I Kufikiri jambo kubwa ni kwa
kuchukua faida ya rasilimali zote

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kwamba CS50 ina.

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>> -Go Kwa masaa ya ofisi mapema katika wiki.

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>> -Definitely Kuangalia kaptula.

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>> -Don't Akhiri juu yako P-seti.

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-Make Uhakika wewe kupata kundi kubwa
ya watu kufanya kazi juu ya P-seti na.

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Unaweza kuwa na mengi ya furaha
na kupata kazi kufanyika pamoja.

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>> -Don't Kuwa na hofu ya kushinikiza mwenyewe.

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Kwenda kwa hacker toleo wakati mwingine.

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>> Mambo -Andika juu ya karatasi kabla ya
Je, umewahi kugusa kompyuta yako.

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>> -CS50 Ni kweli kubwa katika
kutoa njia ya kupata msaada.

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>> -My Kipande moja ya ushauri ni usingizi.

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Ina mtu yeyote alisema kuwa?

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Usingizi, kwa uhakika.

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Ni rahisi si kufanya, lakini
nimepata kufanya hivyo, nadhani.

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>> -I Kusema kweli kuwa tayari kiakili
kwa sababu wewe ni kwenda kupenda.

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[MUSIC - Iggy AZALEA, "FANCY"]

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>> -Hii Ni CS50.

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>> -Hii Ni CS50.

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>> -Hii Ni CS50.

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[MUSIC - Iggy AZALEA, "FANCY"]

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>> -Hii Ni CS50.

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>> [Makofi]

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>> DAVID J. Malan: Hivyo hii ni CS50
na hii ni mwisho wa Wiki 0.

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Na kwamba alikuwa tu baadhi
ya wafanyakazi CS50 ambao

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wakisubiri wewe si tu katika sehemu
na masaa ya ofisi, lakini,

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pia, hii mwishoni mwa wiki ijayo
katika CS50 Puzzle Day.

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Ambayo, tena, ni si
wote kuhusu programu.

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Hakika, ni inatarajiwa kuwa wewe
si kuwa na mpango chochote,

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lakini badala kutatua matatizo kwa kutumia
wits na marafiki pamoja na wewe.

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>> Sisi ataungana na baadhi
ya marafiki zetu katika Facebook--

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kama kujiandikisha here-- ambao
kwa miaka kadhaa iliyopita,

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na kweli imekuwa kuandika
changamoto hizi na sisi.

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Na hivyo, watakuwa ndio
hatimaye mbio Puzzle Day.

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Na hivyo, utakuwa changamoto
kwa usahihi aina ya mambo

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na matatizo ambayo folks katika
Facebook kama kufikiria.

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Hivyo kwamba ni kesho.

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Kujiandikisha katika cs50.harvard.edu/register.

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>> Sasa neno juu ya wanandoa
ya wafanyakazi hasa.

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Hii hapa ni Ansel Duff,
ambao ni kweli moja

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ya ushirikiano waandishi wa haya binary
balbu kuwa tuliona juu ya Jumatano,

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katika Mbali na CS50 ya mwenyewe Dan Bradley.

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Ansel Duff pia ilikuwa zamani
freshman advisee wa mgodi Miaka 3 iliyopita

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na yeye kweli hata kujengwa lectern huu.

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Yeye ni gone juu ya kufanya
uhandisi sayansi na zaidi.

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Sasa, picha yake hapa ni kweli
Ansel Miaka 3 iliyopita katika CS50 hackathon

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wakati yeye alikopa mmoja wetu
balloons, kukwama kwa mbali yake,

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na, kwa ajili ya 12 baadhi ya isiyo ya kawaida
masaa, ililenga katika mradi wake wa mwisho,

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kuchukua mapumziko tu kufungua
mifuko ya pipi katika hackathon.

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>> Lakini huyo mtu akaenda juu ya hivi karibuni zaidi kwa
kutumia huu majira zamani na sisi,

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tangu CS50 kwa wafanyakazi wake, na
sasa wanafunzi muhula huu,

89
00:04:05,270 --> 00:04:06,770
ina yake mwenyewe printer 3D.

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Na kwa kifupi Printers 3D ni
kifaa kwamba inaonekana kabisa kama hii.

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You kujaza kwa spool plastiki
kwamba ni melted chini na kifaa

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na wewe kujenga mambo
literally kutoka chochote.

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Mengi kama printer Inkjet, unaweza kuanza
mate nje dots kidogo ya plastiki

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kwamba fomu pamoja na
kuunda vitu kwa ujumla.

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Na hivyo Ansel kwa mfano, mapema
huu majira ya joto, ina iPhone 5

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na aliamua yeye kweli alitaka
kumwongezea it up juu ya dawati lake.

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Lakini yeye hakutaka
kwenda nje na kununua kitu

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kutoka duka Apple au kama, hivyo yeye
alikaa chini na kuanza kuchora kitu fulani.

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Alichukua vipimo chache
kama kwa jinsi nene

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na jinsi pana iPhone yake,
alivuta picha hii hapa,

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aliamua kwamba alitaka
kuwa na 75 shahada ya Tilt

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kama ilikuwa staring katika
naye juu ya dawati lake huko.

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Yeye kisha akageuka hii, kwa kutumia
programu, ndani ya 3D CAD mfano

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kwamba inaonekana kidogo
kitu kama hiki.

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Na kisha aliendelea,
hatimaye, kwa kweli kujenga yake.

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Hivyo kwa kweli, kama yoyote ya wewe hapa, labda
katika mstari kwamba mimi unaweza kutupa kwa, na

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an-- kuna tuna folks na iPhone
5, na hapa tuna mbili zaidi.

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>> Sasa, si kwa kuwa outdone, CS50 ya mwenyewe
Cheng Gong pia kuweka nje huu majira ya joto

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kujenga mambo wachache kabisa, na
kwa kweli, kwa sababu ya kuwa ni bado

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wazi, imekuwa polepole
uchapishaji jeshi la tembo

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na kufafanua mikono na vigogo.

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michache ya ambayo ni kweli hapa kama
mtu yeyote bila sasa like-- tembo.

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Haki wote,. lakini kile Cheng pia alifanya
kwa ajili yetu ni yeye kindly sana kuanzisha kamera

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kwa sababu kwamba tembo,
amini au si,

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inachukua baadhi ya mbili na
masaa nusu na magazeti.

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Hata kusimama iPhone alichukua
saa moja na nusu na magazeti.

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Na nini Cheng alikwenda mbele na alifanya
ilianzishwa nzuri kamera mbele

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ya printer hii 3D, zingine kwa ajili ya saa
na nusu kama kubuni Ansel ya kuchapishwa.

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Sisi zinazoshikiliwa baadhi sexy
muziki kwa hivyo ili

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kukupa hii kwa kuangalia
jinsi ya uchapishaji 3D kazi.

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Na hata kama hii
ni kweli katika plastiki,

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kutambua kwamba kama hili ni eneo
ya riba na wewe kimasomo,

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kuna folks, kati ya
yao Jennifer Lewis hapa

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katika Shule ya
Engineering, ambao ni kweli

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kazi ya uchapishaji 3D
malengo ya plastiki.

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Lakini hata, inazidi,
vifaa vya kibiolojia kutatua

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matatizo ya kisaikolojia kwa binadamu.

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Lakini hapa ni kidogo
kitu kutoka CS50.

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>> [LOUD mitambo noises]

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DAVID J. Malan: Ni haina sauti
kitu kama hicho katika hali halisi,

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lakini ni baridi sana kwa kuangalia ni
kwa kasi kwamba, na kwa kuwa sauti.

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>> Sasa, juu ya Jumatano, jinsi
gani sisi kwanza kupata hapa?

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Sisi kuanza kuzungumza juu ya kompyuta
sayansi na sisi aliuliza ni kitu gani.

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Na ni juu ya idadi ya mambo, na
kuna maelekezo mengi tofauti

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katika ambayo unaweza kichwa
baada ya kozi kama CS50.

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Kwa kweli, kama wewe ilichukua moja
ya viongozi wale unofficial

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kwa CS nje, kijitabu kwamba
tumekuwa zinazotolewa, kama wewe ni

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kufikiri ya kuchukua tu CS50,
au labda kufanya sekondari,

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au labda hata kuzingatia
katika CS, je, flip kupitia hiyo.

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Na utaona mchoro
kuelekea mwisho kwamba

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inaonyesha wewe maelekezo mbalimbali
katika CS kuwa unaweza kwenda mbali katika.

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>> Lakini kwa leo, tutaweza kuzingatia, tena, juu ya
kweli moja ya maoni ya msingi,

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labda, ambapo una
pembejeo kwa matatizo,

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una matokeo kutoka
matatizo, na una

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algorithms ambayo kwa kujenga
wale matokeo kutoka pembejeo hizo.

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Na mfano mmoja kama ulikuwa wa
Bila shaka, hii kitabu cha simu hapa.

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Na sisi kutumika kama mfano kwenda
njia ya algorithm kwamba ilikuwa sahihi.

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Na kisha mtu mwingine ilikuwa
sahihi, lakini kasi kidogo.

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Na kisha mtu mwingine kwamba alikuwa kidogo
makubwa zaidi, lakini kimsingi

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kasi zaidi.

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>> Right, hii ya simu kitabu sisi
alidai alikuwa kuhusu 1,000 kurasa.

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Na mara ngapi alifanya nina
na machozi kitabu cha simu katika nusu

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kupata mtu kama Mike Smith,
maximally, katika 1000 ukurasa kitabu?

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Hivyo, 10 kutoa au kuchukua.

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Na hivyo mara moja mimi akararua jambo hili katika
nusu, au tu, zaidi maturely,

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imegawanywa katika nusu, ni tu
10 kurasa kati ya 1,000.

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Na kama wewe extrapolate, kidogo
kubadili pesa kwa kitabu cha simu,

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lakini kama hii kitabu ya simu na baadhi ya 4
bilioni kurasa ndani yake, hivyo kabisa

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unwieldy kimwili, jinsi wengi
mara gani unaweza kugawanya bilioni 4

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ukurasa simu kitabu katika nusu?

163
00:08:01,460 --> 00:08:03,035
Hivyo ni kweli 32, kutoa au kuchukua.

164
00:08:03,035 --> 00:08:07,090
Na hivyo mara 32 tu, nje
ya kurasa bilioni 4, unaweza

165
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kupata mtu kama Mike Smith.

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Na kwamba ni ufanisi.

167
00:08:09,740 --> 00:08:12,130
Hiyo ni algorithm nzuri, daresay.

168
00:08:12,130 --> 00:08:14,480
>> Lakini basi sisi wakiongozwa kutoka kwamba
kujaribu kurasimisha yake.

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Na mimi mapendekezo kanuni hii pseudocode.

170
00:08:16,100 --> 00:08:17,800
Pseudocode code ni si kitu chochote rasmi.

171
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Si jambo la kukariri.

172
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Ni kitu tu kueleza
haki intuitively kutumia lugha ya Kiingereza,

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au lugha yoyote kwa kweli, kwamba
zinaonyesha mawazo yako kwa ufupi.

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Lakini nini muhimu kuhusu
pseudocode code ni kwamba

175
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kujaribu wanatarajia yote ya
kesi inawezekana kwamba inaweza kutokea.

176
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Na hakika, katika pseudocode hii
code, kulikuwa na kweli kesi tatu

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00:08:33,080 --> 00:08:34,700
kila wakati mimi kugawanywa kitabu cha simu.

178
00:08:34,700 --> 00:08:36,006
Mike inaweza kuwa kwa upande wa kushoto.

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Mike inaweza kuwa na haki.

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Au huenda kuwa na haki juu ya ukurasa mimi nina juu ya.

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Au nne kona kesi, hivyo kusema.

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mazingira mbaya inaweza kuwa moja
which-- kile kinachotokea?

183
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Mike si tu katika
kitabu cha simu wakati wote.

184
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>> Na wakati mipango crash-- wakati Mac
na PC programu kwamba guys kukimbia

185
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kwenye kompyuta yako wakati mwingine
hangs au quits bila kutarajia,

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00:08:56,400 --> 00:08:59,770
kwamba kwa ujumla ina maana kwamba baadhi
programu, baadhi ya binadamu kama wewe hivi karibuni,

187
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tu Star up na alifanya baadhi ya makosa.

188
00:09:01,650 --> 00:09:05,207
Labda hakuwa wanatarajia kwamba labda kuna
hakuna Mike Smith katika kitabu cha simu.

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Na kama wewe si kweli kuandika
code kwa kushughulikia hali kama hiyo,

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00:09:08,040 --> 00:09:09,890
kwa ujumla haitabiriki
mambo yanaweza kutokea.

191
00:09:09,890 --> 00:09:10,960
Mashine yako inaweza kufungia.

192
00:09:10,960 --> 00:09:11,730
Ni inaweza reboot.

193
00:09:11,730 --> 00:09:12,889
mpango unaweza kuacha.

194
00:09:12,889 --> 00:09:14,722
Na hivyo yote haya
stupidities kuwa unaweza kufanya hivyo

195
00:09:14,722 --> 00:09:18,030
kuwa wamekutana katika halisi yako
maisha tu kwa kutumia kompyuta,

196
00:09:18,030 --> 00:09:20,710
itakuwa inazidi kuwa tu
alielezea mbali na Intuition hii

197
00:09:20,710 --> 00:09:24,920
na ufahamu huu wa nini ni
kweli kinachoendelea chini ya Hood.

198
00:09:24,920 --> 00:09:27,329
>> Sasa hebu jaribu kuangalia
tatizo zaidi kwa ujumla.

199
00:09:27,329 --> 00:09:29,120
Badala ya kuchukua
mahudhurio katika mahali kama

200
00:09:29,120 --> 00:09:32,230
hii, ambayo itakuwa polepole kabisa
kufanya moja, mbili, tatu, nne.

201
00:09:32,230 --> 00:09:34,070
Au labda mbili, nne, sita, nane.

202
00:09:34,070 --> 00:09:36,080
Hebu kuzingatia, badala yake, juu ya
jinsi sisi tupate kurasimisha

203
00:09:36,080 --> 00:09:39,400
algorithm ya mchakato na
ambayo sisi inaweza kuchukua mahudhurio.

204
00:09:39,400 --> 00:09:42,290
Na njiani, hebu kuanza
kutumia baadhi ya majina

205
00:09:42,290 --> 00:09:47,130
kwamba tutaweza kutumia leo wakati sisi kweli
kuanza programu katika lugha.

206
00:09:47,130 --> 00:09:50,910
Kwa hiyo mimi kukupa sasa hivi, dakika nne video
kwamba sisi kuweka pamoja na marafiki zetu

207
00:09:50,910 --> 00:09:52,820
kutoka TED, shirika.

208
00:09:52,820 --> 00:09:56,380
Ambapo sisi hutolewa script na
wao kuletwa wahamasishaji yao kubeba,

209
00:09:56,380 --> 00:10:00,970
na kweli kuundwa P2
uhuishaji wa nini algorithm ni.

210
00:10:00,970 --> 00:10:02,776
Kama tunaweza dim taa.

211
00:10:02,776 --> 00:10:06,664
>> [MUSIC KUCHEZA]

212
00:10:06,664 --> 00:10:17,890

213
00:10:17,890 --> 00:10:19,140
NARRATOR: Nini algorithm?

214
00:10:19,140 --> 00:10:21,620
Katika sayansi ya kompyuta,
algorithm ni seti

215
00:10:21,620 --> 00:10:24,840
maelekezo ya kutatua
baadhi ya tatizo hatua kwa hatua.

216
00:10:24,840 --> 00:10:27,310
Kwa kawaida, algorithms ni
kunyongwa kwa kompyuta,

217
00:10:27,310 --> 00:10:29,365
lakini sisi binadamu kuwa algorithms kama vizuri.

218
00:10:29,365 --> 00:10:31,240
Kwa mfano, jinsi gani
wewe kwenda juu ya kuhesabu

219
00:10:31,240 --> 00:10:32,990
idadi ya watu katika chumba?

220
00:10:32,990 --> 00:10:36,840
Naam, kama wewe ni kama mimi, wewe d pengine
kumweka katika kila mtu mmoja kwa wakati

221
00:10:36,840 --> 00:10:38,370
na kuhesabu kutoka sifuri.

222
00:10:38,370 --> 00:10:41,200
Moja, mbili, tatu, nne, na kadhalika.

223
00:10:41,200 --> 00:10:42,410
Naam, hiyo ni algorithm.

224
00:10:42,410 --> 00:10:45,820
Kwa kweli, hebu jaribu kueleza ni
kidogo zaidi rasmi katika pseudocode code.

225
00:10:45,820 --> 00:10:48,940
Kiingereza-kama syntax kwamba
inafanana na lugha ya programu.

226
00:10:48,940 --> 00:10:50,880
>> Hebu n sawa 0.

227
00:10:50,880 --> 00:10:55,210
Kwa kila mtu katika chumba,
kuweka n sawa na n plus 1.

228
00:10:55,210 --> 00:10:56,790
Jinsi ya kutafsiri pseudocode?

229
00:10:56,790 --> 00:10:59,490
Naam line moja anatangaza,
hivyo kusema, variable

230
00:10:59,490 --> 00:11:02,880
kuitwa n na initializes
thamani yake kwa 0 Hii tu

231
00:11:02,880 --> 00:11:05,080
ina maana kwamba katika
mwanzo wa kompyuta yetu,

232
00:11:05,080 --> 00:11:07,910
jambo ambalo tuko
kuhesabu ina thamani ya 0.

233
00:11:07,910 --> 00:11:10,860
Baada ya yote, kabla ya sisi kuanza kuhesabu
sisi si kuhesabiwa chochote bado.

234
00:11:10,860 --> 00:11:13,580
Wito variable hii
n ni tu mkataba.

235
00:11:13,580 --> 00:11:15,130
Mimi naweza kuwa na kuitwa ni zaidi ya kitu chochote.

236
00:11:15,130 --> 00:11:17,460
Sasa line demarks mbili
mwanzo wa kitanzi,

237
00:11:17,460 --> 00:11:20,550
mlolongo wa hatua kwamba mapenzi
kurudia baadhi ya idadi ya nyakati.

238
00:11:20,550 --> 00:11:24,130
Hivyo katika mfano wetu, sisi ni hatua
kuchukua ni kuhesabu watu katika chumba.

239
00:11:24,130 --> 00:11:26,260
Chini ya line mbili ni line
tatu ambayo inaeleza

240
00:11:26,260 --> 00:11:28,400
hasa jinsi tutaweza kwenda juu ya kuhesabu kura.

241
00:11:28,400 --> 00:11:31,720
indentation ina maana kwamba
ni line tatu kwamba kurudia.

242
00:11:31,720 --> 00:11:35,190
Hivyo, pamoja na pseudocode code ni
Usemi huu ni wa kwamba baada ya kuanzia saa 0

243
00:11:35,190 --> 00:11:38,940
kwa kila mtu katika
chumba tutaweza kuongeza n na 1

244
00:11:38,940 --> 00:11:41,310
Sasa ni algorithm hii ni sahihi?

245
00:11:41,310 --> 00:11:42,820
Naam hebu bang juu yake kidogo.

246
00:11:42,820 --> 00:11:45,520
>> Je, ni kazi kama kuna
watu wawili katika chumba?

247
00:11:45,520 --> 00:11:46,420
Hebu angalia.

248
00:11:46,420 --> 00:11:48,500
Katika mstari mmoja sisi initialize kwa 0 n.

249
00:11:48,500 --> 00:11:51,910
Kwa kila moja ya watu hawa wawili,
sisi kisha increment n na 1.

250
00:11:51,910 --> 00:11:55,570
Hivyo katika safari ya kwanza kwa njia
kitanzi, sisi update n 0-1.

251
00:11:55,570 --> 00:11:59,320
On safari ya pili kwa kuwa
huo kitanzi, sisi update n 1-2.

252
00:11:59,320 --> 00:12:02,850
Na hivyo, na hii algorithm ya
mwisho, n ni 2, ambayo

253
00:12:02,850 --> 00:12:04,950
kweli mechi ya simu
ya watu katika chumba.

254
00:12:04,950 --> 00:12:06,040
Hadi sasa, hivyo nzuri.

255
00:12:06,040 --> 00:12:07,870
>> Vipi kuhusu kesi kona ingawa?

256
00:12:07,870 --> 00:12:11,090
Tuseme kwamba kuna watu 0
katika room-- zaidi ya mimi, ambaye ni

257
00:12:11,090 --> 00:12:12,420
kufanya kuhesabu kura.

258
00:12:12,420 --> 00:12:15,380
Katika mstari mmoja, sisi tena initialize kwa 0 n.

259
00:12:15,380 --> 00:12:17,810
Wakati huu ingawa, line
tatu haina nitafanya wakati wote

260
00:12:17,810 --> 00:12:19,610
tangu kuna si mtu katika chumba hicho.

261
00:12:19,610 --> 00:12:23,540
Na hivyo n bado 0, ambayo kwa hakika mechi
idadi ya watu katika chumba.

262
00:12:23,540 --> 00:12:24,670
Pretty rahisi, sawa?

263
00:12:24,670 --> 00:12:27,880
Lakini kuhesabu watu moja kwa wakati mmoja
ni pretty ufanisi, pia, hakuna?

264
00:12:27,880 --> 00:12:29,160
Hakika tunaweza kufanya vizuri zaidi.

265
00:12:29,160 --> 00:12:33,440
Kwa nini si watu wawili kuhesabu wakati huo,
badala ya kuhesabu moja, mbili, tatu,

266
00:12:33,440 --> 00:12:36,470
nne, tano, sita, saba,
nane, na kadhalika.

267
00:12:36,470 --> 00:12:39,106
Kwa nini si kuhesabu mbili, nne,
sita, nane, na kadhalika?

268
00:12:39,106 --> 00:12:40,670
Ni hata sauti kasi zaidi.

269
00:12:40,670 --> 00:12:41,940
Na hakika ni.

270
00:12:41,940 --> 00:12:44,490
>> Hebu kueleza optimization hii
katika pseudocode code.

271
00:12:44,490 --> 00:12:46,040
Hebu n sawa 0.

272
00:12:46,040 --> 00:12:50,760
Kwa kila jozi ya watu katika
chumba, kuweka n sawa na n plus 2.

273
00:12:50,760 --> 00:12:52,360
Pretty mabadiliko rahisi, sawa?

274
00:12:52,360 --> 00:12:56,560
Badala ya watu kuhesabu moja kwa wakati mmoja,
sisi badala kuhesabu yao mbili kwa wakati.

275
00:12:56,560 --> 00:12:59,240
Algorithm huu, hivyo,
mara mbili kwa haraka kama mwisho.

276
00:12:59,240 --> 00:13:00,530
Lakini ni sahihi?

277
00:13:00,530 --> 00:13:01,160
Hebu angalia.

278
00:13:01,160 --> 00:13:03,580
Je, ni kazi kama kuna
watu wawili katika chumba?

279
00:13:03,580 --> 00:13:05,800
Katika mstari mmoja, sisi initialize kwa 0 n.

280
00:13:05,800 --> 00:13:09,160
Kwa maana hiyo jozi moja ya watu,
sisi kisha increment n na 2.

281
00:13:09,160 --> 00:13:11,910
Na hivyo kwa algorithm hii ya
mwisho n ni 2, ambayo

282
00:13:11,910 --> 00:13:13,910
kweli mechi ya simu
ya watu katika chumba.

283
00:13:13,910 --> 00:13:16,610
>> Tuseme ya kwamba kuna
watu zero katika chumba hicho.

284
00:13:16,610 --> 00:13:19,080
Katika mstari mmoja sisi initialize kwa 0 n.

285
00:13:19,080 --> 00:13:21,260
Kama kabla, line tatu
haina nitafanya hivyo wote

286
00:13:21,260 --> 00:13:25,270
tangu kuna si jozi yoyote ya watu
katika chumba, na hivyo n bado 0.

287
00:13:25,270 --> 00:13:27,840
Ambayo kwa hakika mechi
idadi ya watu katika chumba.

288
00:13:27,840 --> 00:13:30,520
Lakini nini kama kuna
watu watatu katika chumba?

289
00:13:30,520 --> 00:13:32,380
Ni kwa jinsi gani nauli hii algorithm?

290
00:13:32,380 --> 00:13:35,710
Hebu angalia, katika mstari mmoja,
sisi initialize kwa 0 n.

291
00:13:35,710 --> 00:13:39,140
Kwa jozi wa watu hao,
sisi kisha increment n na 2.

292
00:13:39,140 --> 00:13:40,050
Lakini basi nini?

293
00:13:40,050 --> 00:13:42,340
Kuna si mwingine full
jozi ya watu katika chumba,

294
00:13:42,340 --> 00:13:44,430
hivyo line mbili tena inatumika.

295
00:13:44,430 --> 00:13:48,790
Na hivyo kwa mwisho algorithm hii,
n bado ni ya 2 ambayo ni si sahihi.

296
00:13:48,790 --> 00:13:52,070
Hakika algorithm hii alisema kwa
kuwa buggy kwa sababu ina makosa.

297
00:13:52,070 --> 00:13:54,070
>> Hebu kurekebisha pamoja na baadhi ya
mpya pseudocode code.

298
00:13:54,070 --> 00:13:56,110
Hebu n sawa 0.

299
00:13:56,110 --> 00:14:00,790
Kwa kila jozi ya watu katika
chumba, kuweka N sawa na n plus 2.

300
00:14:00,790 --> 00:14:05,410
Kama mtu mmoja bado unpaired,
kuweka N sawa na n plus 1.

301
00:14:05,410 --> 00:14:09,340
Ili kutatua tatizo hili hasa, tumekuwa
ilianzisha katika line nne hali,

302
00:14:09,340 --> 00:14:12,120
inayojulikana kama
tawi, kwamba tu executes

303
00:14:12,120 --> 00:14:14,890
kama kuna mtu mmoja sisi
hakuweza jozi na mwingine.

304
00:14:14,890 --> 00:14:17,140
Na hivyo sasa, kama
kuna moja, au tatu,

305
00:14:17,140 --> 00:14:21,550
au idadi yoyote isiyo ya kawaida ya watu katika chumba,
algorithm hii sasa hesabu yao.

306
00:14:21,550 --> 00:14:22,810
Je, tunaweza kufanya hata bora zaidi?

307
00:14:22,810 --> 00:14:25,890
Naam, tunaweza kuhesabu katika threes,
au wane, au hata umri wa miaka mitano na mamia,

308
00:14:25,890 --> 00:14:29,390
lakini zaidi ya hapo, ni kwenda kupata
kidogo vigumu kwa uhakika.

309
00:14:29,390 --> 00:14:32,900
>> Wakati wa mwisho wa siku, kama
kunyongwa kwa kompyuta au binadamu,

310
00:14:32,900 --> 00:14:34,870
algorithms ni tu
seti ya maelekezo

311
00:14:34,870 --> 00:14:36,560
ambayo kwa kutatua matatizo.

312
00:14:36,560 --> 00:14:38,360
Haya yalikuwa tatu tu.

313
00:14:38,360 --> 00:14:41,860
Ni tatizo gani ingekuwa wewe
kutatua na algorithm?

314
00:14:41,860 --> 00:14:44,261
>> DAVID J. Malan: Hivyo kwa makusudi,
mpango rahisi sana,

315
00:14:44,261 --> 00:14:46,260
algorithm rahisi sana,
kwa ajili ya kufikia kitu

316
00:14:46,260 --> 00:14:48,280
rahisi sana, kuhesabu
idadi ya watu katika chumba.

317
00:14:48,280 --> 00:14:50,370
>> Lakini hebu tease mbali
baadhi ya mwakilishi

318
00:14:50,370 --> 00:14:52,870
makala hapa kwamba ni kweli
kwenda kuwa na manufaa hata wakati

319
00:14:52,870 --> 00:14:54,880
kutekeleza zaidi
tata wa programu.

320
00:14:54,880 --> 00:14:58,060
Hivyo kwa mfano, katika line hii ya kwanza,
tuna nini sisi kuwaita variable,

321
00:14:58,060 --> 00:15:01,040
na kutoka algebra, wewe ni
kwa ujumla familiar kwa kutumia x na y

322
00:15:01,040 --> 00:15:02,930
na z wakati mwingine, na kadhalika.

323
00:15:02,930 --> 00:15:05,770
Lakini katika programu, vigezo
ni bado, mwisho wa siku,

324
00:15:05,770 --> 00:15:06,680
sawa na ile.

325
00:15:06,680 --> 00:15:09,910
Lakini ni rahisi labda kufikiri
ya kutofautiana kama tu chombo.

326
00:15:09,910 --> 00:15:13,520
Na, kwa kweli, ni baadhi ya idadi ya bits
kutekelezwa kwa namna fulani katika disk yako ngumu

327
00:15:13,520 --> 00:15:16,410
au katika kumbukumbu ya kompyuta yako,
lakini zaidi juu ya kwamba katika siku zijazo.

328
00:15:16,410 --> 00:15:17,670
Ni tu chombo.

329
00:15:17,670 --> 00:15:20,310
Na kama wewe kusema kitu
kama basi n sawa 0,

330
00:15:20,310 --> 00:15:24,310
vizuri kwamba ni kama wito kioo hii
bakuli hapa n, tu jina holela,

331
00:15:24,310 --> 00:15:26,230
na kuweka kitu ndani yake ya awali.

332
00:15:26,230 --> 00:15:28,940
Hivyo thamani ya hii
bakuli haki sasa ni sifuri.

333
00:15:28,940 --> 00:15:31,380
Na bila shaka kama wewe kujua
katika line ya baadae,

334
00:15:31,380 --> 00:15:35,070
kwa kweli increment baadhi mstari wa
code, kama katika line hii ya tatu hapa,

335
00:15:35,070 --> 00:15:39,857
na 1, hiyo ni kama kusema nini
thamani ya sasa ya n, ni 0, plus 1,

336
00:15:39,857 --> 00:15:41,690
kuweka kitu kama
Ping Pong mpira katika hapa.

337
00:15:41,690 --> 00:15:45,140
Sasa thamani ya hii
variable ni rahisi kabisa 1.

338
00:15:45,140 --> 00:15:50,064
Na unaweza haraka sana extrapolate,
lakini sasa ni 2, sasa ni 3, na kadhalika.

339
00:15:50,064 --> 00:15:51,230
Hivyo hiyo ni variable wote ni.

340
00:15:51,230 --> 00:15:53,740
Ni kipande cha kuhifadhi na
kweli kuhifadhi baadhi ya data.

341
00:15:53,740 --> 00:15:55,050
Kwa sasa ni Ping Pong mpira.

342
00:15:55,050 --> 00:15:55,883
Kuna ni idadi.

343
00:15:55,883 --> 00:15:58,910
Lakini inaweza kuwa maneno katika
dictionary, kama Spell kusahihisha

344
00:15:58,910 --> 00:16:02,300
Mimi alluded juu ya Jumatano kwa
moja ya seti tatizo mwaka jana.

345
00:16:02,300 --> 00:16:05,640
>> Sasa mwingine wazo muhimu, kwamba vile vile
ni pretty Intuitive napenda kudai,

346
00:16:05,640 --> 00:16:06,690
ni kwamba ya kitanzi.

347
00:16:06,690 --> 00:16:08,930
Na kitanzi katika mchakato
ya kuhesabu kila mtu

348
00:16:08,930 --> 00:16:12,540
ni, bila shaka, kufanya hivyo
jambo tena na moja ama again--

349
00:16:12,540 --> 00:16:14,140
kwa wakati mmoja au mbili kwa wakati.

350
00:16:14,140 --> 00:16:17,690
Na unaweza kueleza hii katika lugha ya Kiingereza, au
pseudocode code, katika idadi yoyote ya njia,

351
00:16:17,690 --> 00:16:21,560
lakini kwa kutumia preposition hii "kwa"
ni njia ya kawaida sana ya kufanya hivyo.

352
00:16:21,560 --> 00:16:24,460
Kwa kila mtu katika chumba, kufanya hivyo.

353
00:16:24,460 --> 00:16:25,350
Tena na tena.

354
00:16:25,350 --> 00:16:27,700
Na ukweli kwamba ni
indented, line tatu,

355
00:16:27,700 --> 00:16:29,840
tu ina maana kwamba nini
wewe ni zinatakiwa kufanya

356
00:16:29,840 --> 00:16:33,490
ni mambo hiyo indented
chini ya mstari wa mbili yenyewe.

357
00:16:33,490 --> 00:16:35,590
Tu mkataba binadamu,
lakini moja ya kawaida

358
00:16:35,590 --> 00:16:39,010
kama tutaweza kuona katika juu halisi
programu ngazi ya lugha.

359
00:16:39,010 --> 00:16:41,870
>> Sasa kidogo ya kuvutia zaidi ni
wakati wewe kupata katika kesi kona.

360
00:16:41,870 --> 00:16:43,970
Kwa mfano, kona
Kesi hiyo ilikuwa wakati kuna

361
00:16:43,970 --> 00:16:48,060
walikuwa watu watatu, au tano, au saba,
au idadi yoyote isiyo ya kawaida ya watu katika chumba,

362
00:16:48,060 --> 00:16:51,630
kwa sababu kufanya hivyo wawili-wawili brakes
hatimaye kwa sababu yako kwenda

363
00:16:51,630 --> 00:16:54,265
miss mtu, aidha katika
sana mwanzo au mwisho sana

364
00:16:54,265 --> 00:16:55,390
kulingana na jinsi ya kufanya hivyo.

365
00:16:55,390 --> 00:16:59,800
Na hivyo, sasa, nina tawi hili, au
hali, kama mtu mmoja bado,

366
00:16:59,800 --> 00:17:04,490
kisha kwenda mbele na kushughulikia kwamba moja
mtu lonesome ambao hawakuwa kupata

367
00:17:04,490 --> 00:17:05,690
paired na mtu mwingine.

368
00:17:05,690 --> 00:17:09,030
Hivyo kwamba ni nini tunataka kuwaita
hali, au tawi.

369
00:17:09,030 --> 00:17:11,500
>> Sasa pseudocode code
zaidi kwa ujumla inaweza kuwa

370
00:17:11,500 --> 00:17:13,730
imeandikwa na kutatua idadi yoyote ya matatizo.

371
00:17:13,730 --> 00:17:16,490
Na nini Nilidhani tunatarajia
kufanya hapa ni kuchukua muda

372
00:17:16,490 --> 00:17:20,089
kukaribisha tuseme CS50 ya
wenyewe Rob Bowden juu ya hatua

373
00:17:20,089 --> 00:17:25,040
kwa kuwa alijiunga na wafanyakazi wa kujitolea mbili,
ambao hawana wazo nini watapata.

374
00:17:25,040 --> 00:17:26,890
mkono akaenda chini kwa haraka kama mimi alisema kuwa.

375
00:17:26,890 --> 00:17:28,700
Vipi kuhusu wewe juu ya
mwisho hapa, kuja juu up.

376
00:17:28,700 --> 00:17:33,040
Na vipi kuhusu kutoka mbali
mbali, vipi kuhusu njia ya nyuma.

377
00:17:33,040 --> 00:17:35,200
Safu ya nyuma, kuja juu juu na mikono yako up.

378
00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:36,475
Alright, na ni nini jina lako?

379
00:17:36,475 --> 00:17:36,960
>> ANITA: Anita.

380
00:17:36,960 --> 00:17:37,655
>> DAVID J. Malan: Anita.

381
00:17:37,655 --> 00:17:38,613
Okay, nzuri ya kukutana na wewe.

382
00:17:38,613 --> 00:17:41,010
Hebu kuanzisha wewe kwa Rob Bowden.

383
00:17:41,010 --> 00:17:42,890
Hii ni Anita.

384
00:17:42,890 --> 00:17:44,033
Na jina lako ni nini?

385
00:17:44,033 --> 00:17:44,800
>> KIERSTEN: Kiersten

386
00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:46,020
>> DAVID J. Malan: Kiersten.

387
00:17:46,020 --> 00:17:49,790
Kiersten, kuja juu juu na
kukutana Rob Bowden na Anita.

388
00:17:49,790 --> 00:17:51,036
Nice kukutana na wewe.

389
00:17:51,036 --> 00:17:52,160
KIERSTEN: Nice kukutana na wewe.

390
00:17:52,160 --> 00:17:53,368
DAVID J. Malan: Alright, Rob.

391
00:17:53,368 --> 00:17:54,650
Rob BOWDEN: Nice kukutana na wewe.

392
00:17:54,650 --> 00:17:55,566
DAVID J. Malan: Anita.

393
00:17:55,566 --> 00:17:56,520
KIERSTEN: Hi Anita.

394
00:17:56,520 --> 00:17:58,686
DAVID J. Malan: Na yako
mia kadhaa classmates.

395
00:17:58,686 --> 00:18:02,490
Kwa hiyo, sasa napenda kwenda mbele na kuvuta
up tu mpango rahisi hapa

396
00:18:02,490 --> 00:18:05,690
juu ya Mac OS kwamba kutakuwa na basi mimi
kweli hata nukta maelezo ya baadhi ya chini.

397
00:18:05,690 --> 00:18:09,570
Na kama wewe guys wanataka kuchukua kila
nafasi katika moja ya shule wale waliokuwa pale,

398
00:18:09,570 --> 00:18:16,360
basi mimi kwenda mbele na kuanza orodha
ya pseudocode code, kama wewe.

399
00:18:16,360 --> 00:18:19,970
Na nini nataka kufanya hapa,
hatimaye ni aina kwa ajili yenu

400
00:18:19,970 --> 00:18:22,470
baadhi ya maelekezo ya kwamba yetu
wanachama watazamaji ni kweli

401
00:18:22,470 --> 00:18:23,569
kwenda soma kwa ajili yetu.

402
00:18:23,569 --> 00:18:25,860
Hebu kwenda mbele na tu
kubadili hali hii kwa orodha kuhesabiwa

403
00:18:25,860 --> 00:18:27,720
kwa mechi nini sisi walikuwa wakifanya kuna up.

404
00:18:27,720 --> 00:18:30,990
Na kile Mimi naenda kufanya na
msaada wako, ni kuandika mpango

405
00:18:30,990 --> 00:18:34,620
katika pseudocode, ambayo
guys haya ni kwenda

406
00:18:34,620 --> 00:18:38,150
kutekeleza karanga
siagi na jelly sandwich.

407
00:18:38,150 --> 00:18:40,880
Hivyo ni labda apropos kwa
kuonyesha kitu baadhi yenu

408
00:18:40,880 --> 00:18:44,560
aliyoiona kwenye mtandao
kwa kifupi tu annoying sasa.

409
00:18:44,560 --> 00:18:47,650
>> [MUSIC BUCKEWHEAT BOYS, "siagi ya karanga
 JELLY TIME "]

410
00:18:47,650 --> 00:19:08,119

411
00:19:08,119 --> 00:19:08,910
DAVID J. Malan: OK.

412
00:19:08,910 --> 00:19:10,050
Hiyo inatosha ya kwamba.

413
00:19:10,050 --> 00:19:12,690
Hivyo hapa wakati huo huo, nina
jozi ya glasi Google ambayo

414
00:19:12,690 --> 00:19:16,500
tutaweza kuweka juu ya CS50 ya mwenyewe Rob Bowden
kuona dunia kupitia macho yake.

415
00:19:16,500 --> 00:19:19,140
Na tutaweza kufanya kazi nzuri katika post
uzalishaji kwa kweli weave

416
00:19:19,140 --> 00:19:23,100
Footage ya nini Rob ni kuona
sasa, katika hotuba hii halisi

417
00:19:23,100 --> 00:19:26,420
video na mbili yetu
kujitolea karibu naye.

418
00:19:26,420 --> 00:19:28,480
Basi nini mimi nina kwenda kufanya
ni, mimi itakuwa typist.

419
00:19:28,480 --> 00:19:31,849
Tuna lengo hapa ya
kweli kuandika mpango

420
00:19:31,849 --> 00:19:34,640
ambayo kwa kufanya, hatimaye,
siagi ya karanga na jelly sandwich,

421
00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:37,680
lakini hizi tatu ni kwenda kuishi
kana kwamba ni kompyuta.

422
00:19:37,680 --> 00:19:40,638
Na kompyuta, mwisho wa siku,
ni kweli vifaa pretty bubu.

423
00:19:40,638 --> 00:19:44,432
Wao ni super haraka, lakini wanaweza tu
kufanya, literally, nini wanaambiwa.

424
00:19:44,432 --> 00:19:46,890
Huwezi tu kusema kufanya karanga
siagi na jelly sandwich.

425
00:19:46,890 --> 00:19:48,640
Una mpango nao kufanya hivyo.

426
00:19:48,640 --> 00:19:51,420
Una kuwaambia
kwa usahihi nini cha kufanya,

427
00:19:51,420 --> 00:19:54,400
chini ya mambo kwenda horribly na
hopefully, amusingly awry.

428
00:19:54,400 --> 00:19:57,460
>> Hivyo kwa kuwa alisema, tunahitaji
moja wito-nje kutoka kwa watazamaji

429
00:19:57,460 --> 00:19:59,440
kwa kile lazima hatua
moja kuwa, kama lengo hapa

430
00:19:59,440 --> 00:20:01,356
ni kufanya karanga
siagi na jelly sandwich.

431
00:20:01,356 --> 00:20:01,910
Ndiyo?

432
00:20:01,910 --> 00:20:03,647
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible] mfuko wa mkate.

433
00:20:03,647 --> 00:20:05,230
DAVID J. Malan: Fungua mfuko wa mkate.

434
00:20:05,230 --> 00:20:08,360
Hivyo kama wagombea tatu ingekuwa
kama kuendelea kufanya kwamba literally.

435
00:20:08,360 --> 00:20:12,394
Fungua mfuko wa mkate.

436
00:20:12,394 --> 00:20:15,810
>> [Watazamaji laughing]

437
00:20:15,810 --> 00:20:20,717

438
00:20:20,717 --> 00:20:22,300
DAVID J. Malan: Hivyo hebu kazi juu ya hilo.

439
00:20:22,300 --> 00:20:23,180
Wote haki.

440
00:20:23,180 --> 00:20:25,400
Hivyo hatua mbili, how--
hebu kuchukua zaidi jambo hili.

441
00:20:25,400 --> 00:20:26,480
Yeah, mbele.

442
00:20:26,480 --> 00:20:27,240
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible] mkate.

443
00:20:27,240 --> 00:20:27,735
>> DAVID J. Malan: Nini hiyo?

444
00:20:27,735 --> 00:20:28,836
>> Watazamaji: Ondoa mkate.

445
00:20:28,836 --> 00:20:30,210
DAVID J. Malan: Ondoa mkate.

446
00:20:30,210 --> 00:20:31,190
Vile vile succinct.

447
00:20:31,190 --> 00:20:33,667
Asante.

448
00:20:33,667 --> 00:20:43,777
>> [Makofi]

449
00:20:43,777 --> 00:20:44,860
DAVID J. Malan: Hiyo ni?

450
00:20:44,860 --> 00:20:48,830
OK, hivyo hatua mbili ni kwenda
kuwa kuondoa chakula.

451
00:20:48,830 --> 00:20:51,790
Alright, mtu unataka
kuandika sisi hukumu kwa muda mrefu?

452
00:20:51,790 --> 00:20:52,640
Mtu mwingine?

453
00:20:52,640 --> 00:20:53,920
zaidi kidogo [inaudible].

454
00:20:53,920 --> 00:20:54,810
Hakuna, hakuna kitu sasa.

455
00:20:54,810 --> 00:20:56,094
Ndiyo?

456
00:20:56,094 --> 00:20:58,900
>> Watazamaji: Nafasi mbili
vipande karibu na kila mmoja.

457
00:20:58,900 --> 00:21:03,575
>> DAVID J. Malan: Nafasi mbili
vipande karibu na kila mmoja.

458
00:21:03,575 --> 00:21:06,420
>> [Watazamaji laughing]

459
00:21:06,420 --> 00:21:09,590
>> DAVID J. Malan: Nafasi mbili
vipande karibu na kila mmoja.

460
00:21:09,590 --> 00:21:11,334
Hatua ya nne.

461
00:21:11,334 --> 00:21:12,816
Ndiyo?

462
00:21:12,816 --> 00:21:14,792
>> Watazamaji: Chukua yako
mkono na kuweka lightly

463
00:21:14,792 --> 00:21:17,756
juu ya siagi ya karanga mfuniko.

464
00:21:17,756 --> 00:21:19,710
>> [Watazamaji laughing]

465
00:21:19,710 --> 00:21:21,710
Watazamaji: [inaudible]
karibu na siagi ya karanga.

466
00:21:21,710 --> 00:21:21,870
DAVID J. Malan: Nini?

467
00:21:21,870 --> 00:21:22,520
Kusema kwamba tena.

468
00:21:22,520 --> 00:21:26,308
>> Watazamaji: Unscrew kifuniko na kuweka
hivyo kwa upole karibu na siagi ya karanga.

469
00:21:26,308 --> 00:21:31,490
>> DAVID J. Malan: Weka hivyo kwa upole
karibu na siagi ya karanga.

470
00:21:31,490 --> 00:21:37,770

471
00:21:37,770 --> 00:21:40,090
OK, maendeleo.

472
00:21:40,090 --> 00:21:41,080
Hatua ya tano.

473
00:21:41,080 --> 00:21:42,380
Excellent.

474
00:21:42,380 --> 00:21:43,261
Ndiyo?

475
00:21:43,261 --> 00:21:44,163
>> Pick up kisu.

476
00:21:44,163 --> 00:21:46,380

477
00:21:46,380 --> 00:21:47,630
DAVID J. Malan: Pick up kisu.

478
00:21:47,630 --> 00:21:52,320

479
00:21:52,320 --> 00:21:53,631
OK, hatua sita.

480
00:21:53,631 --> 00:21:54,130
Yeah?

481
00:21:54,130 --> 00:21:56,237
>> Watazamaji: Hold kisu na kushughulikia.

482
00:21:56,237 --> 00:21:57,945
DAVID J. Malan: Hold
kisu na kushughulikia.

483
00:21:57,945 --> 00:22:00,710

484
00:22:00,710 --> 00:22:03,230
Kushikilia kisu na kushughulikia.

485
00:22:03,230 --> 00:22:04,880
Hatua ya saba.

486
00:22:04,880 --> 00:22:05,692
Ndiyo?

487
00:22:05,692 --> 00:22:10,030
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible] kisu katika karanga
siagi na kama kidogo nje [inaudible].

488
00:22:10,030 --> 00:22:13,070
>> DAVID J. Malan: Weka kisu in-- mimi
habari "kuweka kisu katika siagi ya karanga

489
00:22:13,070 --> 00:22:19,500
na kuchukua kama kidogo nje kama iwezekanavyo. "

490
00:22:19,500 --> 00:22:22,480
Kwa njia, kuondoa karatasi ya kwanza.

491
00:22:22,480 --> 00:22:29,320

492
00:22:29,320 --> 00:22:31,890
Zote haki, hatua tisa.

493
00:22:31,890 --> 00:22:34,910
Hatua ya tisa.

494
00:22:34,910 --> 00:22:35,624
Hatua ya tisa.

495
00:22:35,624 --> 00:22:37,290
Sisi si kweli alifanya sandwich bado.

496
00:22:37,290 --> 00:22:37,790
Ndiyo?

497
00:22:37,790 --> 00:22:41,570
Watazamaji: Kwa kutumia kisu katika siagi ya karanga,
kuomba siagi ya karanga juu ya mkate alisema.

498
00:22:41,570 --> 00:22:47,440
>> DAVID J. Malan: Kutumia kisu katika
siagi ya karanga, kuomba siagi ya karanga juu ya

499
00:22:47,440 --> 00:22:48,736
alisema mkate.

500
00:22:48,736 --> 00:22:56,030
>> [Watazamaji laughing]

501
00:22:56,030 --> 00:22:59,480
DAVID J. Malan: All hatua haki 10.

502
00:22:59,480 --> 00:23:01,762
Hatua ya 10.

503
00:23:01,762 --> 00:23:02,750
Ndiyo?

504
00:23:02,750 --> 00:23:05,220
>> Watazamaji: Onjeni karanga
siagi ili kuhakikisha ubora.

505
00:23:05,220 --> 00:23:15,960
>> [Watazamaji laughing]

506
00:23:15,960 --> 00:23:16,960
DAVID J. Malan: Hatua ya 11.

507
00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:19,500

508
00:23:19,500 --> 00:23:21,340
Hatua ya 11.

509
00:23:21,340 --> 00:23:22,101
Hatua ya 11.

510
00:23:22,101 --> 00:23:22,600
Kuja juu.

511
00:23:22,600 --> 00:23:23,099
Yeah?

512
00:23:23,099 --> 00:23:24,208
Haki pale.

513
00:23:24,208 --> 00:23:25,840
>> Watazamaji: Makini kuchukua jelly.

514
00:23:25,840 --> 00:23:28,220
>> DAVID J. Malan: Makini kuchukua jelly.

515
00:23:28,220 --> 00:23:29,970
OK, na kisha mkono mwingine alikuwa up.

516
00:23:29,970 --> 00:23:32,812

517
00:23:32,812 --> 00:23:33,520
Right nyuma yenu.

518
00:23:33,520 --> 00:23:35,761
Yeah, katika bluu.

519
00:23:35,761 --> 00:23:40,671
>> Watazamaji: All haki, kuondoa
mfuniko kutoka [inaudible], yeah,

520
00:23:40,671 --> 00:23:42,635
kuondoa mfuniko kutoka jelly.

521
00:23:42,635 --> 00:23:43,617
>> [Watazamaji laughing]

522
00:23:43,617 --> 00:23:44,742
>> DAVID J. Malan: Kutoka jelly.

523
00:23:44,742 --> 00:23:45,581
Ha ha.

524
00:23:45,581 --> 00:23:48,967
>> [Watazamaji laughing]

525
00:23:48,967 --> 00:23:49,800
DAVID J. Malan: Na?

526
00:23:49,800 --> 00:23:52,490
Watazamaji: Na vigumu
kufagia yoyote [inaudible].

527
00:23:52,490 --> 00:23:59,536
[Watazamaji laughing]

528
00:23:59,536 --> 00:24:04,456
Watazamaji: Bila shaka, kabla ya [inaudible],
kuondoa karatasi kutoka jelly.

529
00:24:04,456 --> 00:24:06,940
DAVID J. Malan: Ondoa karatasi kutoka jelly.

530
00:24:06,940 --> 00:24:08,229
Hatua ya 14.

531
00:24:08,229 --> 00:24:09,020
Sisi ni karibu na hapo.

532
00:24:09,020 --> 00:24:09,857
Ndiyo?

533
00:24:09,857 --> 00:24:12,600
>> Watazamaji: Geuza jelly chupa
kabla ya kila kitu iko nje.

534
00:24:12,600 --> 00:24:16,515
>> DAVID J. Malan: Geuza jelly
chupa kabla ya jelly iko nje.

535
00:24:16,515 --> 00:24:19,070

536
00:24:19,070 --> 00:24:19,890
Hatua ya 15.

537
00:24:19,890 --> 00:24:21,130
>> Watazamaji: Replace cap.

538
00:24:21,130 --> 00:24:22,463
>> DAVID J. Malan: Replace cap.

539
00:24:22,463 --> 00:24:25,880

540
00:24:25,880 --> 00:24:28,190
Hatua ya 16.

541
00:24:28,190 --> 00:24:28,931
Yeah?

542
00:24:28,931 --> 00:24:29,806
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

543
00:24:29,806 --> 00:24:34,109

544
00:24:34,109 --> 00:24:35,400
DAVID J. Malan: Sema tena.

545
00:24:35,400 --> 00:24:38,100
Watazamaji: Chukua cap mbali ya jelly yako.

546
00:24:38,100 --> 00:24:39,650
DAVID J. Malan: Off jelly yako.

547
00:24:39,650 --> 00:24:43,720

548
00:24:43,720 --> 00:24:49,510
Hivyo really-- Oops.

549
00:24:49,510 --> 00:24:50,420
Kuja juu.

550
00:24:50,420 --> 00:24:51,740
Nafasi cap.

551
00:24:51,740 --> 00:24:56,660
Weka cap-- Wewe alisema
kuondoa cap kutoka jelly.

552
00:24:56,660 --> 00:24:58,950
Kujisikia kama tuko katika kidogo ya kitanzi.

553
00:24:58,950 --> 00:24:59,640
Hatua ya 17.

554
00:24:59,640 --> 00:25:00,398
Ndiyo?

555
00:25:00,398 --> 00:25:02,639
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

556
00:25:02,639 --> 00:25:03,930
DAVID J. Malan: Sema tena.

557
00:25:03,930 --> 00:25:05,150
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

558
00:25:05,150 --> 00:25:07,835
DAVID J. Malan: Nenda nyuma step--

559
00:25:07,835 --> 00:25:10,110
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

560
00:25:10,110 --> 00:25:13,760
DAVID J. Malan: Ondoa
cap kutoka siagi ya karanga.

561
00:25:13,760 --> 00:25:14,492
Ndiyo?

562
00:25:14,492 --> 00:25:16,430
>> Watazamaji: Tone wote
jelly juu ya mkate.

563
00:25:16,430 --> 00:25:19,040
>> DAVID J. Malan: Tone wote
jelly juu ya mkate.

564
00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:25,372

565
00:25:25,372 --> 00:25:26,830
DAVID J. Malan: Tuko karibu na hapo.

566
00:25:26,830 --> 00:25:27,800
Hatua ya 19.

567
00:25:27,800 --> 00:25:30,250
>> Watazamaji: Ondoa jelly ziada.

568
00:25:30,250 --> 00:25:31,720
>> DAVID J. Malan: Haha, jelly.

569
00:25:31,720 --> 00:25:36,615
>> [Makofi]

570
00:25:36,615 --> 00:25:39,240
DAVID J. Malan: Kwa nini si we--
hatua moja zaidi kwa kuchukua hii nyumbani.

571
00:25:39,240 --> 00:25:41,720
Hatua moja zaidi na kisha
tutaweza kumtumikia sandwiches.

572
00:25:41,720 --> 00:25:42,900
Ndiyo?

573
00:25:42,900 --> 00:25:45,570
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

574
00:25:45,570 --> 00:25:50,704
>> DAVID J. Malan: Wakati sandwich yoyote
Indent remains-- hebu Haya kula.

575
00:25:50,704 --> 00:25:56,400
>> [Watazamaji Kicheko]

576
00:25:56,400 --> 00:26:00,395
>> DAVID J. Malan: zote haki, kuwashukuru
wewe kujitolea yetu hapa.

577
00:26:00,395 --> 00:26:06,150
>> [Makofi}

578
00:26:06,150 --> 00:26:08,940
>> DAVID J. Malan: Tuna baadhi nzuri
zimefunguliwa zawadi kwa ajili ya kila mmoja wenu.

579
00:26:08,940 --> 00:26:14,350
Yako mwenyewe siagi ya karanga, jelly,
na mkate kuleta kurudi nyumbani.

580
00:26:14,350 --> 00:26:15,774
Asante.

581
00:26:15,774 --> 00:26:17,118
>> KIERSTEN: Asante.

582
00:26:17,118 --> 00:26:18,618
DAVID J. Malan: [inaudible] kuwakaribisha.

583
00:26:18,618 --> 00:26:21,849
[Makofi]

584
00:26:21,849 --> 00:26:24,390
DAVID J. Malan: Hivyo, hii ni, ya
Bila shaka, mfano ridiculous.

585
00:26:24,390 --> 00:26:24,890
Haki?

586
00:26:24,890 --> 00:26:28,890
Lakini haina aina ya yanaonyesha jinsi sisi
binadamu tu kuchukua uwazi kwa nafasi.

587
00:26:28,890 --> 00:26:30,890
Na ukweli nimekuwa
kuzungumza na binadamu mwingine,

588
00:26:30,890 --> 00:26:33,300
yeye au yeye tu anajua nini maana.

589
00:26:33,300 --> 00:26:35,220
>> Kompyuta si kwenda
kujua nini maana,

590
00:26:35,220 --> 00:26:37,430
hata wakati wa kutumia, kama
sisi ni juu ya kufanya leo,

591
00:26:37,430 --> 00:26:42,300
programu kitu katika Scratch, Drag
na kuacha, puzzle kipande style lugha.

592
00:26:42,300 --> 00:26:44,310
Hata iliyoundwa kwa ajili ya vijana
watoto, una

593
00:26:44,310 --> 00:26:48,726
kuwa hivyo wazi na hivyo halisi na
nini unataka mpango wako kufanya.

594
00:26:48,726 --> 00:26:50,600
Sasa hatimaye, sisi ni
kwenda kuwa programu

595
00:26:50,600 --> 00:26:53,550
si katika pseudocode code,
Kiingereza kama syntax,

596
00:26:53,550 --> 00:26:56,370
lakini kanuni au, vizuri zaidi, chanzo code.

597
00:26:56,370 --> 00:26:59,260
Chanzo code ni njia tu dhana
kwa kuelezea code kwa kweli

598
00:26:59,260 --> 00:27:01,730
kuandika na keyboard hiyo ni
si katika Kiingereza per se.

599
00:27:01,730 --> 00:27:06,480
Ni katika C au Java au C ++ au kitu
kama kwamba, kama tutaweza hivi karibuni kuona.

600
00:27:06,480 --> 00:27:09,510
>> Na kwa kweli, tu scare
wachache wenu, katika mtazamo wa kwanza,

601
00:27:09,510 --> 00:27:13,769
hii ni programu ya kuandikwa katika lugha
kuitwa C. Lakini kwa un-scare wachache wenu,

602
00:27:13,769 --> 00:27:15,560
wewe kabisa
kuelewa nini kinaendelea

603
00:27:15,560 --> 00:27:18,980
juu ya kuja Jumatatu ijayo wakati
anakuja kitu kama hiki.

604
00:27:18,980 --> 00:27:20,510
Kwa kweli, hii ni lugha ya wakubwa.

605
00:27:20,510 --> 00:27:22,430
Ni haki arcane,
lakini ni mwakilishi

606
00:27:22,430 --> 00:27:26,120
ya mengi ya lugha siku hizi kuwa
kuwa na kura ya mabano na curly

607
00:27:26,120 --> 00:27:28,630
braces na alama quote na semicolons.

608
00:27:28,630 --> 00:27:30,780
Na mengi ya hii
mambo Kiwango cha kisintaksia kwamba ni si

609
00:27:30,780 --> 00:27:32,450
wakati wote kielimu ya kuvutia.

610
00:27:32,450 --> 00:27:35,790
Hakika, ni ovyo kabisa
kutokana na mawazo rahisi sana

611
00:27:35,790 --> 00:27:37,370
kwamba ni staring us uso kwa uso.

612
00:27:37,370 --> 00:27:41,760
Mpango huu, kama unaweza tu nadhani,
prints kwa kompyuta screen ya mtu

613
00:27:41,760 --> 00:27:44,070
maneno "Hello comma dunia."

614
00:27:44,070 --> 00:27:44,860
Hiyo ni.

615
00:27:44,860 --> 00:27:46,580
Hivyo ni wazi, kuna
mengi ya mambo ambayo ni ya

616
00:27:46,580 --> 00:27:48,970
kupata njia ya
baadhi udhahiri huko,

617
00:27:48,970 --> 00:27:52,490
lakini ni kwenda kwa haraka sana kuingizwa
mbali na kuwa angavu kabisa.

618
00:27:52,490 --> 00:27:55,617
>> Hakika, nini tunakwenda kufanya
leo ni distill huu haki tata

619
00:27:55,617 --> 00:27:58,950
kuangalia mpango, ambayo tena utasikia kuja
kuelewa haraka, lakini kwa kitu

620
00:27:58,950 --> 00:27:59,710
rahisi sana.

621
00:27:59,710 --> 00:28:01,640
Hebu tu kusema nini sisi maana.

622
00:28:01,640 --> 00:28:05,590
Hebu kuchora picha ya nini maana sisi,
kwa njia ya vipande hayo puzzle hapa.

623
00:28:05,590 --> 00:28:09,110
>> Hivyo hii ni programu
lugha inajulikana kama Scratch.

624
00:28:09,110 --> 00:28:11,080
Ni maendeleo na MIT Media Lab ya.

625
00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:14,830
Na nini utaona katika tatizo kuweka sifuri,
ambayo itakuwa iliyotolewa baadaye usiku wa leo,

626
00:28:14,830 --> 00:28:18,980
sisi itabidi kwenda hii
URL hapa scratch.mit.edu.

627
00:28:18,980 --> 00:28:20,940
Na wao wana mtandao
msingi interface kupitia ambayo

628
00:28:20,940 --> 00:28:22,540
utakuwa kuandika mpango wako wa kwanza.

629
00:28:22,540 --> 00:28:25,330
Au wale wa wewe kwa kabla
uzoefu, mipango yako ya pili,

630
00:28:25,330 --> 00:28:28,090
lakini katika mazingira ambayo ni
pengine kidogo usio wa kawaida na kwamba

631
00:28:28,090 --> 00:28:32,930
kushinikiza wewe kujenga kitu
kutumia mazingira haya Visual sana.

632
00:28:32,930 --> 00:28:35,940
>> Sasa, ni nini mimi nina kwenda kufanya hapa
ni kufungua programu yenyewe.

633
00:28:35,940 --> 00:28:41,911
Ni lipo si tu kama mtandao browser,
lakini pia kama mpango downloadable

634
00:28:41,911 --> 00:28:44,660
ili uweze kweli matumizi yake
kama huna upatikanaji wa mtandao.

635
00:28:44,660 --> 00:28:46,743
Na mimi nina kwenda kufanya hivyo
katika hapa, katika Sanders, tu

636
00:28:46,743 --> 00:28:49,580
katika kesi Wi-Fi haina
kushirikiana super vizuri.

637
00:28:49,580 --> 00:28:52,640
Na kile Mimi naenda kufanya ni hatua
makala chache ya mpango huu.

638
00:28:52,640 --> 00:28:55,720
Hivyo, kuwa wazi, mimi tu mara mbili
clicked icon kwenye desktop yangu,

639
00:28:55,720 --> 00:28:59,830
au equivalently wamekwenda scratch.mit.edu,
na ni vunjwa juu dirisha hili.

640
00:28:59,830 --> 00:29:01,650
Hii ni mazingira ya programu.

641
00:29:01,650 --> 00:29:04,110
Ni kipande cha programu kwamba
baadhi ya marafiki zetu katika MIT

642
00:29:04,110 --> 00:29:08,850
aliandika kwamba hebu yetu na kuandika
programu katika lugha inayoitwa Scratch.

643
00:29:08,850 --> 00:29:12,010
>> Sasa hii hutokea kwa kuwa
paka ambaye ni pia jina lake Scratch

644
00:29:12,010 --> 00:29:13,890
na hii ni dunia yake anayoishi.

645
00:29:13,890 --> 00:29:17,175
Hii ni hatua, hivyo kusema, kwamba
Mstatili juu kushoto kona.

646
00:29:17,175 --> 00:29:18,800
Na yeye hana kuangalia kama paka.

647
00:29:18,800 --> 00:29:20,591
Unaweza kufanya naye kuangalia
kama kitu chochote na wewe

648
00:29:20,591 --> 00:29:23,700
unaweza kuwa na mengi sprites hiyo,
au wahusika, katika mpango.

649
00:29:23,700 --> 00:29:27,450
Wakati huo huo, zaidi ya hapa juu ya mbali
haki, ni kubwa tupu slate.

650
00:29:27,450 --> 00:29:30,260
Na hii ni mahali ambapo, katika wakati huu,
sisi ni kwenda kuanza programu

651
00:29:30,260 --> 00:29:32,750
na akawatoa na kuacha
hizi graphical puzzle

652
00:29:32,750 --> 00:29:35,300
vipande kwamba ni haki
hapa katikati.

653
00:29:35,300 --> 00:29:38,140
Na kuna njia zaidi ya kwao kuliko
tutaweza kutumia muda juu ya hapa katika darasa

654
00:29:38,140 --> 00:29:40,080
kwa sababu utapata kwamba
wao uko wote haki Intuitive.

655
00:29:40,080 --> 00:29:41,788
Tena, ni iliyoundwa
kwa watoto, lakini sisi

656
00:29:41,788 --> 00:29:45,759
matumizi yake kwa tease mbali baadhi ya wale
mawazo ya msingi ya vigezo, loops,

657
00:29:45,759 --> 00:29:48,050
hali, na, hivi karibuni, mambo
kama kazi na matukio

658
00:29:48,050 --> 00:29:51,810
na nyuzi na mambo mengine dhana tutaweza
kupata kabla ya muda mrefu kwa kweli kujenga

659
00:29:51,810 --> 00:29:53,840
kitu kutoka Scratch.

660
00:29:53,840 --> 00:29:54,810
Pun yaliyokusudiwa.

661
00:29:54,810 --> 00:29:58,740
>> Sasa, ni nini mimi nina kwenda kufanya hapa ni
bonyeza si mwendo, lakini kudhibiti.

662
00:29:58,740 --> 00:30:01,400
Na hii ni
categorization ya here--

663
00:30:01,400 --> 00:30:03,150
na mimi kuona mbalimbali
rangi seti ya vitalu.

664
00:30:03,150 --> 00:30:05,030
Lakini taarifa maneno machache ukoo.

665
00:30:05,030 --> 00:30:07,830
"Kama" na "mwingine kama" na "tena."

666
00:30:07,830 --> 00:30:10,440
Na pengine unaweza nadhani
hiyo ni kukumbusha ya tawi,

667
00:30:10,440 --> 00:30:12,870
au hali tuliona, na
hata looping kujenga.

668
00:30:12,870 --> 00:30:14,760
Hivyo tuna vitalu sawa hapa.

669
00:30:14,760 --> 00:30:16,720
Lakini ya kuvutia zaidi
moja ni hii moja hapa.

670
00:30:16,720 --> 00:30:20,690
Wakati hii bendera ya kijani ni clicked,
huu, kwa wale wenye Programing kabla

671
00:30:20,690 --> 00:30:23,110
uzoefu, ni sawa
kwa kazi kuu.

672
00:30:23,110 --> 00:30:25,300
Lakini kwa wale usio wa kawaida,
hii ni puzzle kipande

673
00:30:25,300 --> 00:30:27,320
ambayo kick kuanza mpango wetu mzima.

674
00:30:27,320 --> 00:30:31,350
Ni maana yake halisi ni wakati mimi kwenda, katika hii
mpango, na bonyeza flag-- kijani

675
00:30:31,350 --> 00:30:35,560
ambayo unaweza kuona hapa katika
juu mkono wa kushoto kona ya UI,

676
00:30:35,560 --> 00:30:38,570
ili kuona bendera ya kijani
karibu na nyekundu kuacha ishara?

677
00:30:38,570 --> 00:30:41,475
Wakati mimi bonyeza kwamba, yangu
mpango ni kwenda kukimbia.

678
00:30:41,475 --> 00:30:43,850
Sasa, mimi nina kwenda kufanya kitu
super rahisi na Scratch.

679
00:30:43,850 --> 00:30:46,640
Mimi nina kwenda mbele
na kwenda inaonekana jopo

680
00:30:46,640 --> 00:30:50,010
hapa, ambapo mimi kuwa na rundo
ya vipande zambarau puzzle,

681
00:30:50,010 --> 00:30:53,887
na mimi nina kwenda mbele na kufanya
super kitu rahisi kama, kusema.

682
00:30:53,887 --> 00:30:55,720
Na taarifa then-- hii
Nakala katika sanduku nyeupe

683
00:30:55,720 --> 00:30:59,290
ni editable-- mimi nina kwenda kusema
"Hello dunia," tu kama sisi

684
00:30:59,290 --> 00:31:01,470
alifanya katika kwamba textual
toleo wakati iliyopita.

685
00:31:01,470 --> 00:31:05,920
Na sasa kama mimi kwenda na bonyeza hii
kijani bendera, Mimi sasa iliyowekwa.

686
00:31:05,920 --> 00:31:07,810
Ni si hasa
kuvutia mpango,

687
00:31:07,810 --> 00:31:09,760
lakini mimi alifanya kompyuta kufanya kitu fulani.

688
00:31:09,760 --> 00:31:13,120
Mimi kuanza mpango na
alifanya nini mimi aliiambia yake ya kufanya.

689
00:31:13,120 --> 00:31:16,170
Sasa, siwezi kuendelea Drag na kuacha
zaidi na zaidi ya vipande hayo puzzle

690
00:31:16,170 --> 00:31:19,220
na wao wanaenda interlock, lakini
hebu kofi juu ya baadhi ya istilahi hapa

691
00:31:19,220 --> 00:31:21,680
kwamba tutaweza kuona mara kwa mara
katika shaka,

692
00:31:21,680 --> 00:31:24,610
na kwa kweli katika sayansi ya kompyuta
na programu zaidi kwa ujumla.

693
00:31:24,610 --> 00:31:27,990
>> Hii "kusema" kuzuia, katika zambarau, hebu
kuanza tu wito taarifa.

694
00:31:27,990 --> 00:31:29,240
Ni kama maelezo ya ukweli.

695
00:31:29,240 --> 00:31:30,380
Kufanya hivyo.

696
00:31:30,380 --> 00:31:32,590
Hivyo, ni jamii ya
maelekezo ya kwamba wewe

697
00:31:32,590 --> 00:31:36,760
ili kulisha kompyuta kama sehemu
ya mpango au algorithm.

698
00:31:36,760 --> 00:31:39,270
Na kwa kuwa wazi, wewe wameweza
pengine kuchukuliwa kwa nafasi

699
00:31:39,270 --> 00:31:41,930
kwamba una mipango kwenye kompyuta yako.

700
00:31:41,930 --> 00:31:45,850
Na wao ni aina ya algorithms, lakini
mpango huo ni kweli rundo la algorithms

701
00:31:45,850 --> 00:31:47,160
kwamba baadhi ya binadamu aliandika.

702
00:31:47,160 --> 00:31:49,040
Wao vifurushi it up na
wao kuuzwa hivyo,

703
00:31:49,040 --> 00:31:51,330
au wao posted kwenye tovuti
kwa ajili ya wewe download.

704
00:31:51,330 --> 00:31:54,930
Hivyo, mpango huo ni tu
rundo zima la zeros na ndio

705
00:31:54,930 --> 00:31:56,970
kwamba, kwa namna fulani, binadamu kuundwa.

706
00:31:56,970 --> 00:32:00,080
Na mwelekeo wale wa zeros na
wale kuwakilisha mambo, hatimaye,

707
00:32:00,080 --> 00:32:04,030
kama "kusema hello dunia" au "kucheza
muziki hii "au" kucheza video hii "

708
00:32:04,030 --> 00:32:05,129
au "kutuma barua pepe."

709
00:32:05,129 --> 00:32:06,920
Lakini tutaweza kuja nyuma katika
undani zaidi njia gani

710
00:32:06,920 --> 00:32:08,780
mpango huo ni wakati wewe,
mwenyewe, kuandika yao.

711
00:32:08,780 --> 00:32:11,320
>> Hapa ni statement-- mwingine
"Ngoja kwa ajili ya pili moja."

712
00:32:11,320 --> 00:32:14,330
Sikuweza kutumia hii bado, lakini kama nataka
mpango wangu kwa pause kwa muda

713
00:32:14,330 --> 00:32:16,540
kufanya kitu, naweza kukuambia kwa kufanya hivyo.

714
00:32:16,540 --> 00:32:18,450
Kusubiri pili moja.

715
00:32:18,450 --> 00:32:20,150
Sasa mtu mwingine anaweza kuwa "kucheza sauti."

716
00:32:20,150 --> 00:32:23,270
Hivyo, hii ni ya kipekee kwa Scratch, ni
ina uwezo wa kucheza sauti.

717
00:32:23,270 --> 00:32:26,130
Hivyo, kauli mimi ili
matumizi ni, hapa, "kucheza sauti."

718
00:32:26,130 --> 00:32:29,530
Wakati huo huo, kujieleza Boolean,
hivyo hii ni neno fancier

719
00:32:29,530 --> 00:32:34,490
jina lake baada ya tu guy aitwaye Mheshimiwa Bool,
na hii yote ni kuhusu swali.

720
00:32:34,490 --> 00:32:37,470
Kweli au false-- ni panya chini?

721
00:32:37,470 --> 00:32:41,100
Kujieleza Boolean ni tu
baadhi kujieleza katika lugha ya Kiingereza

722
00:32:41,100 --> 00:32:42,860
kwamba aidha ni kweli au uongo.

723
00:32:42,860 --> 00:32:44,140
Aidha juu au mbali.

724
00:32:44,140 --> 00:32:45,130
Aidha moja au sifuri.

725
00:32:45,130 --> 00:32:46,960
Unaweza kufikiria ni
katika idadi yoyote ya njia,

726
00:32:46,960 --> 00:32:49,220
lakini ni kweli au
hili la uongo, hatimaye.

727
00:32:49,220 --> 00:32:52,540
Hivyo "mouse chini swali alama,"
kwamba itakuwa kujieleza Boolean.

728
00:32:52,540 --> 00:32:54,300
Na unaweza kufikiria wengine, labda.

729
00:32:54,300 --> 00:32:57,510
Kwa mfano, "ni idadi kushoto
chini ya idadi ya haki? "

730
00:32:57,510 --> 00:32:59,410
Kwamba, pia, itakuwa
Kujieleza Boolean.

731
00:32:59,410 --> 00:33:01,540
"Chini ya" ni usemi Boolean.

732
00:33:01,540 --> 00:33:03,280
>> Hii moja, pia, "kugusa mouse pointer."

733
00:33:03,280 --> 00:33:05,196
Mimi nina uhakika kwa nini wao
kuitwa ni panya pointer.

734
00:33:05,196 --> 00:33:08,430
Ni njia tu, ni mshale, ni
arrow juu ya screen, kugusa paka,

735
00:33:08,430 --> 00:33:09,022
kwa mfano.

736
00:33:09,022 --> 00:33:10,480
Au baadhi nyanja nyingine ya screen.

737
00:33:10,480 --> 00:33:13,710
Na ni swali, tena, na
inaashiria kwamba kujieleza Boolean.

738
00:33:13,710 --> 00:33:17,130
Kitu ambacho unaweza
wanataka kutumia katika hali hiyo.

739
00:33:17,130 --> 00:33:19,100
Hivyo tutaweza kuja kuwa katika muda tu.

740
00:33:19,100 --> 00:33:20,350
Unaweza "na" mambo pamoja.

741
00:33:20,350 --> 00:33:23,099
Hivyo, kama unataka kuangalia kama hii
ni kesi na kwamba ni kesi,

742
00:33:23,099 --> 00:33:25,580
unaweza kutumia "na" block kama hii.

743
00:33:25,580 --> 00:33:26,850
Na hapa ni kwamba hali hiyo.

744
00:33:26,850 --> 00:33:31,290
Taarifa sura ya ufunguzi kidogo
katika juu ya hii njano puzzle kipande,

745
00:33:31,290 --> 00:33:34,480
ni kukumbusha ya sura
kwamba sisi tu kuona wakati iliyopita.

746
00:33:34,480 --> 00:33:37,920
Kila moja ya maneno hayo Boolean
na edges haya alisema

747
00:33:37,920 --> 00:33:39,030
juu ya kushoto na kulia.

748
00:33:39,030 --> 00:33:43,140
Na hiyo ni kwa sababu MIT folks aliamua
kwamba kwa kuibua kuwasilisha maumbo,

749
00:33:43,140 --> 00:33:45,780
unaweza aina ya kusaidia watu,
wanafunzi na watoto sawa,

750
00:33:45,780 --> 00:33:47,650
aina ya kujaza nafasi zilizoachwa wazi literally.

751
00:33:47,650 --> 00:33:49,780
>> Sasa kwa kuwa puzzle-- kwamba
ufunguzi ni kidogo kidogo,

752
00:33:49,780 --> 00:33:52,750
na kama tutaweza kuona katika mpango,
katika Scratch, itakua na kifafa.

753
00:33:52,750 --> 00:33:54,830
Itakuwa kudumisha sura yake, hatimaye.

754
00:33:54,830 --> 00:33:58,350
Kwa hiyo sharti hebu wewe kuamua
"Inapaswa mimi kufanya kitu au si?"

755
00:33:58,350 --> 00:34:00,470
Kujieleza Boolean
ni swali halisi

756
00:34:00,470 --> 00:34:04,100
unatumia kuamua gani mimi kwenda kwa
kushoto AU gani mimi kwenda na haki

757
00:34:04,100 --> 00:34:06,710
wakati mimi kukutana hii
kinachojulikana uma katika barabara?

758
00:34:06,710 --> 00:34:07,980
Unaweza kuwa na matawi mawili.

759
00:34:07,980 --> 00:34:10,909
IF kitu ni kweli, kuwa wanafanya
hii, mwingine kwenda kwa njia hiyo,

760
00:34:10,909 --> 00:34:14,590
au unaweza tu kufanya chochote katika
wote, kama block hii an alisema.

761
00:34:14,590 --> 00:34:16,360
Vile vile, tunaweza kiota mambo haya.

762
00:34:16,360 --> 00:34:20,204
Hivyo kama unataka kwa mara tatu uma katika
barabara, ama kufanya hii au hii au kwamba,

763
00:34:20,204 --> 00:34:21,870
unaweza tu kiota mambo haya kwa pamoja.

764
00:34:21,870 --> 00:34:24,520
Na kuanza kupata kidogo
ugly, hatimaye, kwa hakika,

765
00:34:24,520 --> 00:34:26,120
lakini mantiki bado ni sawa.

766
00:34:26,120 --> 00:34:28,000
Unaweza literally kusoma
juu hii chini

767
00:34:28,000 --> 00:34:33,290
na inasema nini means-- kama hii
ni kweli, kufanya hivyo, mwingine kama mwingine.

768
00:34:33,290 --> 00:34:36,179
>> kitanzi haina kupata rahisi katika Scratch.

769
00:34:36,179 --> 00:34:37,422
Forever kufanya yafuatayo.

770
00:34:37,422 --> 00:34:39,880
Sasa unaweza si unafikiri
wanaweza kufanya mengi kwa sababu kuna si

771
00:34:39,880 --> 00:34:42,839
nafasi sana kati ya juu na
chini ya hii puzzle kipande ya ufunguzi.

772
00:34:42,839 --> 00:34:45,671
Lakini utaona Scratch ni kwenda
kukua kwa fit vipande kama wengi puzzle

773
00:34:45,671 --> 00:34:47,060
kama unataka cram katika huko.

774
00:34:47,060 --> 00:34:48,960
Kitanzi mwingine inaweza kuwa
walionyesha na kurudia.

775
00:34:48,960 --> 00:34:51,590
Kama unajua mapema, "Mimi
wanataka kufanya kitu mara 10, "

776
00:34:51,590 --> 00:34:54,010
unaweza tu kuwaambia Scratch
kufanya kitu mara 10.

777
00:34:54,010 --> 00:34:57,260
Na, wakati huo huo, tunaweza kuwa na vigezo.

778
00:34:57,260 --> 00:34:59,572
Hivyo hapa ni moja kiholela,
ni rangi ya machungwa katika kesi hii,

779
00:34:59,572 --> 00:35:00,780
na hii ni ziara ya kimbunga.

780
00:35:00,780 --> 00:35:04,540
Tena, utapata hii kupatikana sana
mara moja kuanza akizungumzia na kubonyeza.

781
00:35:04,540 --> 00:35:07,930
Nimekuwa aitwaye n yangu variable, lakini mimi
inaweza kuwa jina lake ni kitu chochote nataka,

782
00:35:07,930 --> 00:35:11,280
na mimi nina kuweka hapa, katika
mfano huu kiholela, na sifuri.

783
00:35:11,280 --> 00:35:14,250
>> Sasa kuona mpango kama hodi
dunia ni si wote kwamba kulazimisha,

784
00:35:14,250 --> 00:35:17,900
hivyo hebu kweli kufungua kitu
kwamba mwanafunzi wa zamani alifanya.

785
00:35:17,900 --> 00:35:23,100
Hebu kwenda mbele na kufungua,
kwa mfano, hii moja hapa,

786
00:35:23,100 --> 00:35:26,780
Kwa ajili hiyo mimi ingekuwa na upendo
kuwa na kujitolea.

787
00:35:26,780 --> 00:35:28,450
Haki zote, jinsi about-- hebu kwenda mbali zaidi.

788
00:35:28,450 --> 00:35:29,240
Ndiyo, kuja juu up.

789
00:35:29,240 --> 00:35:30,056
Nini jina lako?

790
00:35:30,056 --> 00:35:30,635
>> ABBY: Abby.

791
00:35:30,635 --> 00:35:32,010
DAVID J. Malan: Abby, kuja juu up.

792
00:35:32,010 --> 00:35:35,930
Hivyo kuwa na wewe milele kucheza
mchezo huu kabla?

793
00:35:35,930 --> 00:35:36,430
ABBY: Hapana

794
00:35:36,430 --> 00:35:37,370
DAVID J. Malan: All wa kulia.

795
00:35:37,370 --> 00:35:38,380
David, nzuri ya kukutana na wewe.

796
00:35:38,380 --> 00:35:39,620
Kuja juu juu.

797
00:35:39,620 --> 00:35:42,300
Na nini programu yako
background, kama wapo.

798
00:35:42,300 --> 00:35:43,914
>> ABBY: nimejifunza baadhi C ++.

799
00:35:43,914 --> 00:35:45,580
DAVID J. Malan: You wameweza kujifunza baadhi C ++.

800
00:35:45,580 --> 00:35:48,382
Na nini ni mchezo wako
kucheza background?

801
00:35:48,382 --> 00:35:49,505
>> ABBY: Si mengi.

802
00:35:49,505 --> 00:35:51,130
DAVID J. Malan: Sawa, hivyo tutaweza kuchukua hiyo.

803
00:35:51,130 --> 00:35:52,700
Hivyo hapa ni jinsi mchezo ni kwenda kufanya kazi.

804
00:35:52,700 --> 00:35:54,510
Mimi nina kwenda mbele na
click bendera ya kijani, ambayo

805
00:35:54,510 --> 00:35:55,830
ni hapa hadi saa ya haki ya juu.

806
00:35:55,830 --> 00:35:59,710
Sasa mtangulizi wako katika darasa
amewapa ninyi baadhi ya maelekezo hapa.

807
00:35:59,710 --> 00:36:02,306
Na katika muda tu, ni
anasema "nafasi ya kuanza."

808
00:36:02,306 --> 00:36:03,680
Hivyo kwenda mbele na kugonga spacebar.

809
00:36:03,680 --> 00:36:05,507
>> Mchezo wa kompyuta: Pikachu.

810
00:36:05,507 --> 00:36:08,340
DAVID J. Malan: Na lengo ni
kupata chakula, kama taswira huko

811
00:36:08,340 --> 00:36:09,320
upande wa kushoto.

812
00:36:09,320 --> 00:36:11,388
Na kwa [inaudible]

813
00:36:11,388 --> 00:36:15,356
>> [GAME MUSIC KUCHEZA]

814
00:36:15,356 --> 00:36:27,280

815
00:36:27,280 --> 00:36:29,610
>> DAVID J. Malan: Aww, vizuri,
asante kwa ajili ya kucheza.

816
00:36:29,610 --> 00:36:32,800
Tuna hapa kidogo
zimefunguliwa zawadi kwa ajili yenu.

817
00:36:32,800 --> 00:36:35,574
Tuna CS50 stress mpira,
kama Ningependa kuchagua.

818
00:36:35,574 --> 00:36:36,820
Haki zote, nzuri ya kukutana na wewe.

819
00:36:36,820 --> 00:36:39,680
Asante kwa kuja na changamoto.

820
00:36:39,680 --> 00:36:42,410

821
00:36:42,410 --> 00:36:46,910
Hivyo tuna mipira zaidi stress, hivyo
hebu kufanya moja zaidi mfano kuwahamasisha.

822
00:36:46,910 --> 00:36:48,150
kujitolea?

823
00:36:48,150 --> 00:36:50,510
Zote haki, vipi kuhusu
haki hapa mbele.

824
00:36:50,510 --> 00:36:51,250
Nini jina lako?

825
00:36:51,250 --> 00:36:51,660
>> PHILLIP: Phillip.

826
00:36:51,660 --> 00:36:52,660
>> DAVID J. Malan: Phillip.

827
00:36:52,660 --> 00:36:54,530
Kuja juu juu, Phillip.

828
00:36:54,530 --> 00:36:57,340
Hivyo, Phillip ni kwenda kuwa
changamoto kwa mchezo mwingine

829
00:36:57,340 --> 00:37:00,840
kuwa moja ya watangulizi wako
aliandika kama sehemu ya tatizo kuweka sifuri,

830
00:37:00,840 --> 00:37:03,510
kuitwa Ivy ya Hardest Game.

831
00:37:03,510 --> 00:37:05,980
Na tutaweza kuona katika tu
wakati nini maana ya hii.

832
00:37:05,980 --> 00:37:07,400
Phillip, nzuri ya kukutana na wewe.

833
00:37:07,400 --> 00:37:09,060
Ni background yako ni nini?

834
00:37:09,060 --> 00:37:10,310
PHILLIP: Done mengi ya coding.

835
00:37:10,310 --> 00:37:11,110
Done michezo ya kubahatisha kidogo, pia.

836
00:37:11,110 --> 00:37:11,570
>> DAVID J. Malan: OK.

837
00:37:11,570 --> 00:37:12,620
Got mengi ya michezo ya kubahatisha, pia.

838
00:37:12,620 --> 00:37:14,230
Na kuwa na wewe alicheza mchezo huu kabla?

839
00:37:14,230 --> 00:37:14,730
>> PHILLIP: No

840
00:37:14,730 --> 00:37:16,438
DAVID J. Malan: All
haki, hivyo hapa sisi kwenda.

841
00:37:16,438 --> 00:37:18,434
Mimi nina kwenda mbele
na bonyeza bendera ya kijani.

842
00:37:18,434 --> 00:37:24,160
>> [GAME MUSIC]

843
00:37:24,160 --> 00:37:27,770
>> [MUSIC MC HAMMER, "U hawezi kugusa HII"]

844
00:37:27,770 --> 00:38:39,790

845
00:38:39,790 --> 00:38:41,635
>> PHILLIP: [inaudible]

846
00:38:41,635 --> 00:38:42,760
DAVID J. Malan: [inaudible]

847
00:38:42,760 --> 00:38:44,740
PHILLIP: [inaudible]

848
00:38:44,740 --> 00:38:49,056
[Laughing]

849
00:38:49,056 --> 00:38:50,680
[MUSIC MC HAMMER, "U hawezi kugusa HII"]

850
00:38:50,680 --> 00:38:52,660
DAVID J. Malan: [inaudible]
Kulima kwa njia hiyo.

851
00:38:52,660 --> 00:38:54,094
PHILLIP: [inaudible]

852
00:38:54,094 --> 00:38:55,135
DAVID J. Malan: Nenda mbele.

853
00:38:55,135 --> 00:39:01,570
[MUSIC MC HAMMER, "U hawezi kugusa HII"]

854
00:39:01,570 --> 00:39:15,832

855
00:39:15,832 --> 00:39:16,915
DAVID J. Malan: All wa kulia.

856
00:39:16,915 --> 00:39:18,400
Hongera.

857
00:39:18,400 --> 00:39:25,150
>> [Makofi]

858
00:39:25,150 --> 00:39:27,330
>> DAVID J. Malan: Sisi
baada ya kuwa online baadaye ili

859
00:39:27,330 --> 00:39:29,820
kwamba unaweza akhiri
na kama vizuri.

860
00:39:29,820 --> 00:39:32,550
Princeton anakuja juu ijayo, baada ya hapo.

861
00:39:32,550 --> 00:39:35,470
>> Hivyo sasa hebu kweli kuendelea
na kuanza kutoka mwanzo,

862
00:39:35,470 --> 00:39:39,310
hivyo kusema, na kwa kweli kujenga mpaka
tunaweza tease mbali baadhi ya mawazo haya

863
00:39:39,310 --> 00:39:41,970
na kupata kitu hata
ngumu zaidi na mwisho.

864
00:39:41,970 --> 00:39:45,240
Mimi nina kwenda zaidi ya hapa na mimi nina kwenda
kwenda mbele na kuunda faili mpya.

865
00:39:45,240 --> 00:39:47,460
Hivyo tena, kuweka tatizo tutakwenda
wewe kupitia baadhi ya hatua hizi.

866
00:39:47,460 --> 00:39:49,300
Lakini, wote mimi alikuwa go
Picha kwa menu na mimi

867
00:39:49,300 --> 00:39:52,760
alisema "mpya," sana kama Microsoft
Neno, au mpango wowote kama hiyo.

868
00:39:52,760 --> 00:39:56,630
>> Na hebu kwenda mbele now-- na sisi
kutekelezwa "Hello dunia" wakati iliyopita,

869
00:39:56,630 --> 00:39:58,410
lakini hebu kufanya kitu cuter kidogo.

870
00:39:58,410 --> 00:40:00,150
Mimi nina kwenda hadi matukio.

871
00:40:00,150 --> 00:40:02,350
Na mimi nina kwenda kufanya "wakati
kijani bendera clicked. "

872
00:40:02,350 --> 00:40:05,830
Na kisha mimi nina kwenda kutumia,
tuseme, tawi.

873
00:40:05,830 --> 00:40:07,610
Hivyo nina kwenda kutumia "kama" hali hiyo.

874
00:40:07,610 --> 00:40:10,940
Na taarifa ya jinsi haraka kama mimi kupata karibu
kwa hiyo, ni anataka snap pamoja.

875
00:40:10,940 --> 00:40:13,020
Hivyo mimi basi kwenda na snaps pamoja.

876
00:40:13,020 --> 00:40:15,150
Na sasa siwezi kufanya kitu kuvutia.

877
00:40:15,150 --> 00:40:19,150
Kama mimi kitabu kupitia hapa, mimi nina kwenda
kuona rundo zima la vitalu.

878
00:40:19,150 --> 00:40:22,620
Kama mimi kwenda na "data" - basi mimi zoom in--
kuna kitu kuhusu vigezo.

879
00:40:22,620 --> 00:40:26,160
Kama mimi kwenda na "mwendo," unaweza
inaonekana kugeuka mambo kote.

880
00:40:26,160 --> 00:40:28,760
Kama mimi kwenda kwa "operators" -
oh, hii ni ya kuvutia,

881
00:40:28,760 --> 00:40:31,000
Siwezi kuchukua idadi random.

882
00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:34,119
Hivyo basi mimi kufanya kitu kwa tu
baadhi uwezekano, kwa sababu tu.

883
00:40:34,119 --> 00:40:36,160
Mimi nina kwenda mbele na
Drag huu puzzle kipande,

884
00:40:36,160 --> 00:40:37,910
hii ni kwamba chini ya
block, hivyo ni tu

885
00:40:37,910 --> 00:40:39,480
"Ni idadi hii chini ya kwamba moja?"

886
00:40:39,480 --> 00:40:42,438
Lakini sitaki code kwa bidii simu
kwa sababu kwamba kuwa pretty pointless.

887
00:40:42,438 --> 00:40:46,270
Hivyo nina kwenda kwa Drag kipande hii
hapa, na taarifa jinsi snaps katika,

888
00:40:46,270 --> 00:40:49,480
na sasa napenda kwenda mbele na kusema "kama
idadi hiyo ilichukua nasibu

889
00:40:49,480 --> 00:40:51,820
ni chini ya sita, je, zifuatazo. "

890
00:40:51,820 --> 00:40:52,790
Sasa kwa nini chini ya miaka sita?

891
00:40:52,790 --> 00:40:56,400
Nini uwezekano ni hili kwa ufanisi
anaenda kunipa, tu intuitively?

892
00:40:56,400 --> 00:40:57,440
Kuhusu 50%, right?

893
00:40:57,440 --> 00:41:01,190
Kama idadi hiyo ya nadhani nasibu
kati ya 1 na 10 ni chini ya miaka sita,

894
00:41:01,190 --> 00:41:03,480
wazi ni moja, mbili,
tatu, nne, au tano.

895
00:41:03,480 --> 00:41:06,740
Na ili kwenda kunipa
50% uwezekano wa nini kinatokea?

896
00:41:06,740 --> 00:41:09,890
>> Naam hebu kufanya kitu kama
huu, "kucheza meow sauti."

897
00:41:09,890 --> 00:41:11,750
Pamoja na tangazo la, tena,
puzzle kipande kukua

898
00:41:11,750 --> 00:41:13,700
fit, hivyo muda mrefu kama maumbo mechi.

899
00:41:13,700 --> 00:41:14,910
Hiyo ni nini muhimu.

900
00:41:14,910 --> 00:41:18,000
Hebu kwenda juu ya Scratch
hapa na bonyeza "kucheza."

901
00:41:18,000 --> 00:41:19,300
Hakuna kinachotokea.

902
00:41:19,300 --> 00:41:21,160
Ni kwamba mdudu?

903
00:41:21,160 --> 00:41:21,999
No, si lazima.

904
00:41:21,999 --> 00:41:24,040
Ni inaweza tu kuwa a
idadi kubwa alichaguliwa.

905
00:41:24,040 --> 00:41:25,762
Basi hebu kufanya hivyo tena.

906
00:41:25,762 --> 00:41:27,550
Hakuna.

907
00:41:27,550 --> 00:41:28,344
>> [Meow]

908
00:41:28,344 --> 00:41:29,510
DAVID J. Malan: Kuna ni.

909
00:41:29,510 --> 00:41:30,280
[Meow]

910
00:41:30,280 --> 00:41:31,690
DAVID J. Malan: Tena.

911
00:41:31,690 --> 00:41:32,300
Hapana

912
00:41:32,300 --> 00:41:32,922
>> [Meowing]

913
00:41:32,922 --> 00:41:35,380
DAVID J. Malan: Hivyo kama wewe wameweza
milele kucheza mchezo, bila shaka,

914
00:41:35,380 --> 00:41:38,500
ambapo mambo yanayotokea nasibu,
kama wabaya ni kuja au si

915
00:41:38,500 --> 00:41:41,350
kuja juu ya screen kwa, au
mambo ni kuanguka au si kuanguka,

916
00:41:41,350 --> 00:41:43,610
hiyo ni kwa sababu tu kitu super
rahisi kama hii inajitokeza.

917
00:41:43,610 --> 00:41:46,010
Kuchukua idadi random, na kama
ni chini ya baadhi ya thamani,

918
00:41:46,010 --> 00:41:49,100
labda kufanya hivyo au labda kufanya hivyo.

919
00:41:49,100 --> 00:41:51,340
Tunaweza kuingiza
kwamba katika hali hiyo.

920
00:41:51,340 --> 00:41:52,600
Hebu kufanya kitu tofauti.

921
00:41:52,600 --> 00:41:53,559
>> Hebu kutupa kwamba mbali.

922
00:41:53,559 --> 00:41:56,058
Unaweza kujikwamua ya mambo na
tu dragging ni mbali na kushoto

923
00:41:56,058 --> 00:41:56,810
na kuruhusu go.

924
00:41:56,810 --> 00:42:00,310
Hebu kwenda mbele na kufanya milele block
na kwa haraka sana kufanya kitu annoying.

925
00:42:00,310 --> 00:42:03,010
Hebu kwenda mbele na
kusema "kucheza meow sauti."

926
00:42:03,010 --> 00:42:06,620
Lakini sitaki hii kuwa pia
annoying, hivyo basi mimi kunyakua kuzuia hii,

927
00:42:06,620 --> 00:42:09,090
"Kusubiri pili moja," na tangazo la
hakuna chumba zaidi kwa ajili yake.

928
00:42:09,090 --> 00:42:11,310
Lakini kama wewe kwenda karibu kutosha,
anataka kwenda huko.

929
00:42:11,310 --> 00:42:14,100
Hivyo basi, mimi kwenda na itakuwa
kukua kwa kujaza block.

930
00:42:14,100 --> 00:42:15,932
Hivyo sasa, hii ni kitanzi.

931
00:42:15,932 --> 00:42:16,432
[Meowing]

932
00:42:16,432 --> 00:42:18,473
DAVID J. Malan: Mimi nina
literally kufanya hivyo milele.

933
00:42:18,473 --> 00:42:19,360
Tena na tena.

934
00:42:19,360 --> 00:42:21,510
Hiyo sio tu sounding asili.

935
00:42:21,510 --> 00:42:24,800
Hebu kwenda mbele na kubadili hali hii
sekunde si moja ya pili, kwa mbili

936
00:42:24,800 --> 00:42:25,854
na hit Enter.

937
00:42:25,854 --> 00:42:28,770
Na nini ni nzuri kuhusu Scratch ni
kwamba unaweza mpango interactively.

938
00:42:28,770 --> 00:42:32,450
Kufanya mabadiliko, labda hit Enter au kucheza
tena, na itakuwa tu kuendelea.

939
00:42:32,450 --> 00:42:34,962
Naam, sasa kwa nini sio sisi kufanya
kitu cuter kidogo?

940
00:42:34,962 --> 00:42:39,680
Badala ya kufanya kila kitu kutoka mwanzo,
basi mimi kwenda mbele na kufungua mapema

941
00:42:39,680 --> 00:42:43,180
alifanya moja, kwamba mimi kabla ya Motoni,
inayoitwa "Pet Cat."

942
00:42:43,180 --> 00:42:44,920
Na tutaweza baada ya yote ya
files haya online,

943
00:42:44,920 --> 00:42:48,464
na tatizo kuweka zero atakuambia
jinsi ya kuzipata na kufungua yao juu.

944
00:42:48,464 --> 00:42:49,880
Pamoja na tangazo la, hii ni pretty rahisi.

945
00:42:49,880 --> 00:42:53,860
Lakini mapema, mimi wanaonekana kuwa grabbed
"Milele" block, hivyo mimi nimepata kitanzi.

946
00:42:53,860 --> 00:42:55,500
Na kisha mimi nimepata "kama" hali hiyo.

947
00:42:55,500 --> 00:42:57,410
Mimi nimepata kujieleza Boolean.

948
00:42:57,410 --> 00:43:00,100
>> Hivyo katika Kiingereza, tu glancing katika
hii, hasa kama wewe sijawahi

949
00:43:00,100 --> 00:43:04,278
iliyowekwa kabla, tu intuitively,
nini hii kwenda kufanya, mpango huu?

950
00:43:04,278 --> 00:43:06,910
>> [Watazamaji chatter]

951
00:43:06,910 --> 00:43:09,960
>> DAVID J. Malan: Kama wewe pet cat,
paka ni kwenda meow, haki?

952
00:43:09,960 --> 00:43:14,560
Kwa sababu "milele unchecking" ni
mouse pointer kugusa paka.

953
00:43:14,560 --> 00:43:17,630
Hivyo kuwa wazi, na mimi hakusema
hii kabla, yote haya puzzle

954
00:43:17,630 --> 00:43:20,750
vipande vipande na script kwamba
tuna pamoja nao katika,

955
00:43:20,750 --> 00:43:25,510
hivyo kusema, script ni sawa na
mpango, kwa kweli, ni mali ya paka hii.

956
00:43:25,510 --> 00:43:30,110
Na sababu is-- kwa sababu ilani
jinsi hii paka sawa hapa ni yalionyesha,

957
00:43:30,110 --> 00:43:32,710
chini hapa unaweza kuunda
paka au mbwa pili au kweli

958
00:43:32,710 --> 00:43:33,970
kitu chochote unataka graphically.

959
00:43:33,970 --> 00:43:35,900
Unaweza kuingiza kitu
kutoka Photoshop, au kama,

960
00:43:35,900 --> 00:43:38,300
na kuunganisha kitu kama wewe
wanataka kufanya hivyo kwa ajili ya mradi.

961
00:43:38,300 --> 00:43:40,174
Na nini utapata,
hatimaye, ni kwamba wewe

962
00:43:40,174 --> 00:43:44,800
Unaweza kuongeza scripts, kuongeza puzzle
vipande vipande, kwa wahusika binafsi.

963
00:43:44,800 --> 00:43:47,210
Basi hao wote ni watu wa
paka fulani.

964
00:43:47,210 --> 00:43:51,770
Hivyo sasa kama mimi kwenda mbele na kucheza
mpango huu, hakuna kitu kinatokea.

965
00:43:51,770 --> 00:43:52,970
Lakini ni mbio.

966
00:43:52,970 --> 00:43:56,364
mpango huo ni katika hii milele kitanzi,
aina ya kusubiri kwa nini kutokea?

967
00:43:56,364 --> 00:43:57,230
>> [Watazamaji chatter]

968
00:43:57,230 --> 00:43:58,130
>> DAVID J. Malan: Kwa pet cat.

969
00:43:58,130 --> 00:43:59,800
Hivyo kama mimi hoja ya panya wangu kuelekea him--

970
00:43:59,800 --> 00:44:02,420
>> [Meowing]

971
00:44:02,420 --> 00:44:04,450
>> DAVID J. Malan: Hivyo sasa
Mimi nina kufuga paka.

972
00:44:04,450 --> 00:44:07,330
Wakati huo huo, tunaweza kuwa mara mbili tawi.

973
00:44:07,330 --> 00:44:10,370
Hebu kwenda mbele na kufungua
up si pet cat.

974
00:44:10,370 --> 00:44:12,160
Sisi itabidi baada ya hii online pia.

975
00:44:12,160 --> 00:44:16,760
Hii ni kidogo zaidi
tata, lakini bila kusema

976
00:44:16,760 --> 00:44:18,780
unaweza nadhani labda
nini kinaendelea kutokea.

977
00:44:18,780 --> 00:44:20,160
>> [Meowing]

978
00:44:20,160 --> 00:44:23,900
>> DAVID J. Malan: Cat ni
meowing, grand zamani wakati.

979
00:44:23,900 --> 00:44:26,690
Lakini mpango huu ni ya kweli
inayoitwa "Je, si Pet Cat,"

980
00:44:26,690 --> 00:44:29,350
hivyo wazi, nataka pet cat.

981
00:44:29,350 --> 00:44:30,490
>> [ROARING]

982
00:44:30,490 --> 00:44:31,940
>> DAVID J. Malan: Je, si pet cat.

983
00:44:31,940 --> 00:44:34,230
Sasa, hebu tuangalie
mfano mwingine hapa.

984
00:44:34,230 --> 00:44:38,035
Hii moja kuitwa
"Hi, Hi, Hi," kwa sababu

985
00:44:38,035 --> 00:44:40,410
ambayo itakuwa wazi, kwa sababu
haraka kama mimi kukimbia thing-- hii

986
00:44:40,410 --> 00:44:41,401
>> [SEAL Barking]

987
00:44:41,401 --> 00:44:43,942
DAVID J. Malan: rahisi sana kwa
kuandika mipango annoying Scratch.

988
00:44:43,942 --> 00:44:45,300
[SEAL Barking]

989
00:44:45,300 --> 00:44:48,540
DAVID J. Malan: Sasa sisi si kwenda
ndani ya kina kubwa na yote haya,

990
00:44:48,540 --> 00:44:51,150
lakini kuna taarifa
michache ya makala mpya hapa.

991
00:44:51,150 --> 00:44:55,540
Kuna variable, inayoitwa "kimya,"
na kisha kuna rundo ya masharti.

992
00:44:55,540 --> 00:44:57,900
Na kwa sasa, napenda
tu tease wewe kwa kusema

993
00:44:57,900 --> 00:45:03,170
kwamba kama guy hii anapata pia annoying,
Mimi unaweza hit spacebar na yeye ataacha.

994
00:45:03,170 --> 00:45:05,880
Kwa sababu jukumu kuwa alicheza na
scripts hizi mbili ni kama ifuatavyo.

995
00:45:05,880 --> 00:45:08,510
Mmoja wao ni kufanya
barking kila sekunde chache.

996
00:45:08,510 --> 00:45:11,305
mtu mwingine ni kusubiri tu
kwa ajili yangu na kugonga spacebar.

997
00:45:11,305 --> 00:45:14,780
Na kama mimi kufanya hit spacebar,
ni kwenda na mabadiliko ya

998
00:45:14,780 --> 00:45:18,096
hali ya kutofautiana hii, thamani
ya kutofautiana hii, hiyo ni inaonekana

999
00:45:18,096 --> 00:45:20,470
inayoitwa "kimya," Mimi hakuwa na wito
ni kitu boring kama n,

1000
00:45:20,470 --> 00:45:22,370
Mimi kuitwa ni neno la Kiingereza, "kimya."

1001
00:45:22,370 --> 00:45:24,740
Kutoka 1 kwa 0 au 0 kwa 1.

1002
00:45:24,740 --> 00:45:26,830
Kutoka kweli kwa uongo au za uongo kwa kweli.

1003
00:45:26,830 --> 00:45:28,930
Na hivyo unaweza kweli
kuona sasa, kwamba

1004
00:45:28,930 --> 00:45:31,720
inaweza kuwa na scripts mbili,
mipango mbio wakati huo huo,

1005
00:45:31,720 --> 00:45:34,360
na wote wawili wanaweza kuwa wamekaa
katika kitanzi kufanya kitu fulani.

1006
00:45:34,360 --> 00:45:38,067
Kusubiri kwa ajili ya binadamu kufanya
kitu kama kupiga spacebar.

1007
00:45:38,067 --> 00:45:38,650
[SEAL Barking]

1008
00:45:38,650 --> 00:45:40,566
DAVID J. Malan: Na sasa
yeye ni juu ya njia yake tena.

1009
00:45:40,566 --> 00:45:41,640
[SEAL Barking]

1010
00:45:41,640 --> 00:45:45,220
DAVID J. Malan: Hivyo kile kingine
ili sisi kufanya na mifano hii?

1011
00:45:45,220 --> 00:45:50,920
Naam, hebu kwenda mbele na kufanya
mfano kwa kuhesabu kondoo.

1012
00:45:50,920 --> 00:45:59,210
Tutaweza kuendelea hii pamoja na mistari hapa
of-- hebu kufungua mfano kondoo.

1013
00:45:59,210 --> 00:46:02,460
Na taarifa, kiasi kama kabla, hii moja,
nashiriki, ni kidogo kidogo annoying.

1014
00:46:02,460 --> 00:46:06,940
Mara baada ya mimi hit kucheza here--
Oh no, hii ni annoying.

1015
00:46:06,940 --> 00:46:10,130
Yeye anaenda baa
pamoja na baadhi ya uwezekano.

1016
00:46:10,130 --> 00:46:11,050
Hebu kucheza hii tena.

1017
00:46:11,050 --> 00:46:15,221
>> [SHEEP BLEETING]

1018
00:46:15,221 --> 00:46:18,470
DAVID J. Malan: Tofauti tu ni
tumekuwa iliyopita Costume, hivyo kusema,

1019
00:46:18,470 --> 00:46:21,710
na sisi ni hesabu za nusu na kusema
nini kwamba idadi halisi ni.

1020
00:46:21,710 --> 00:46:24,680
Naam hebu kwenda mbele na
kuchukua hatua hii moja zaidi.

1021
00:46:24,680 --> 00:46:28,190
Na napenda tease wewe kwa
nyingine kipengele moja hapa.

1022
00:46:28,190 --> 00:46:31,800
Hebu kwenda mbele na kufungua
programu inayoitwa Threads.

1023
00:46:31,800 --> 00:46:36,620
Sana kama unaweza kuwa na moja
sprite, baada ya scripts nyingi,

1024
00:46:36,620 --> 00:46:41,250
unaweza kuwa na sprites mbili, ndege katika
paka, kila mmoja akiwa na script yao wenyewe.

1025
00:46:41,250 --> 00:46:43,976
Na kila mmoja wao unaweza
kazi wakati huo huo.

1026
00:46:43,976 --> 00:46:45,980
Kama ve milele kusikia
neno "multithreading"

1027
00:46:45,980 --> 00:46:49,240
kompyuta ni "Multithreaded" maana yake
inaweza kufanya mambo mbalimbali kwa mara moja,

1028
00:46:49,240 --> 00:46:50,880
na kwa kweli, hivyo wanaweza Scratch.

1029
00:46:50,880 --> 00:46:52,690
>> Na sasa taarifa ndege ni aina ya bubu.

1030
00:46:52,690 --> 00:46:55,100
Ni tu kufanya mambo nasibu,
bouncing mbali screen.

1031
00:46:55,100 --> 00:46:59,460
Ni wazi paka imekuwa iliyowekwa
aina ya kuwa na kutafuta uwezo

1032
00:46:59,460 --> 00:47:02,680
nyumbani katika juu ya ndege kwa sababu
yeye daima akionyesha yake.

1033
00:47:02,680 --> 00:47:06,176
Hadi hatimaye, yeye
upatikanaji wa samaki ndege halisi.

1034
00:47:06,176 --> 00:47:08,550
Hivyo mimi si kukaa juu ya maelezo ya
hapa, lakini unaweza aina ya

1035
00:47:08,550 --> 00:47:12,160
glimpse maumbo huo, baadhi ya
"Kama" hali, baadhi ya vigezo,

1036
00:47:12,160 --> 00:47:15,740
labda baadhi loops, ni
hatimaye kufanya kitu kimoja.

1037
00:47:15,740 --> 00:47:18,400
>> Sasa basi mimi kwenda mbele na kufungua
up kitu kingine kabisa,

1038
00:47:18,400 --> 00:47:20,920
tease baadhi yenu, hasa
wale vizuri zaidi,

1039
00:47:20,920 --> 00:47:22,760
nini unaweza kweli kufanya na hii.

1040
00:47:22,760 --> 00:47:26,080
Mimi nina kwenda mbele
na kufungua Button hapa.

1041
00:47:26,080 --> 00:47:28,740
Na hii ni super
rahisi Wanajidai mpango,

1042
00:47:28,740 --> 00:47:34,190
lakini kuangalia nini kinatokea
wakati I-- Watch nini

1043
00:47:34,190 --> 00:47:39,860
kinachotokea wakati mimi kufungua toleo hili yake,
hapa katika browser, scratch.mit.edu.

1044
00:47:39,860 --> 00:47:43,460
Na wakati mimi bonyeza nyekundu hii kubwa
button, taarifa nini kinatokea.

1045
00:47:43,460 --> 00:47:46,110

1046
00:47:46,110 --> 00:47:47,647
Hivyo nini kinaendelea hapa?

1047
00:47:47,647 --> 00:47:50,480
Kuna kweli utata mengi zaidi
kinachoendelea chini ya Hood,

1048
00:47:50,480 --> 00:47:52,896
ingawa nimekuwa kutekelezwa
hii, au kusema ukweli, Dan Bradley

1049
00:47:52,896 --> 00:47:54,660
imetekeleza hii hivyo tu.

1050
00:47:54,660 --> 00:47:59,540
Yeye iliyoundwa desturi Scratch puzzle
kipande, unaojulikana kama Scratch ugani,

1051
00:47:59,540 --> 00:48:01,300
yeye kuitwa ni kugeuza.

1052
00:48:01,300 --> 00:48:06,332
>> Na nini Toggle gani ni inapeleka
ujumbe juu ya mtandao.

1053
00:48:06,332 --> 00:48:08,290
Na kwamba ujumbe yenyewe
inaonekana kidogo cryptic.

1054
00:48:08,290 --> 00:48:10,248
Lakini hii, pia, itabidi
kuelewa na mwisho mrefu ya.

1055
00:48:10,248 --> 00:48:14,930
ujumbe yeye kweli kutuma
inaonekana kitu kidogo kama hii.

1056
00:48:14,930 --> 00:48:15,921
Ni Nakala tu.

1057
00:48:15,921 --> 00:48:16,420
Cryptic.

1058
00:48:16,420 --> 00:48:19,130
Wewe utakuwa kuelewa kwa wakati
sisi kupata tatizo kuweka saba.

1059
00:48:19,130 --> 00:48:22,180
Ni tu kutuma ujumbe textual
juu ya mtandao server.

1060
00:48:22,180 --> 00:48:24,330
Na kwamba server ni, hatimaye,
kuzungumza na bulb hii mwanga, ambayo

1061
00:48:24,330 --> 00:48:27,240
ina moja ya wale dhana balbu mwanga
katika ni kwamba, yenyewe, ni kuzungumza

1062
00:48:27,240 --> 00:48:30,760
kwa Wi-Fi katika mtandao hapa,
ambapo kifaa mitaa chini here--

1063
00:48:30,760 --> 00:48:34,400
na, hatimaye, ni kweli
kugeuka kwamba mwanga juu na mbali.

1064
00:48:34,400 --> 00:48:36,240
Lakini tunaweza kufanya zaidi
mambo ya kuvutia bado.

1065
00:48:36,240 --> 00:48:38,270
Taarifa ya nini Dan pia alifanya kwa ajili yetu.

1066
00:48:38,270 --> 00:48:42,210
Yeye alifanya sprites nyingi, kila moja ya
ambayo ina script kusubiri kwa ajili ya click.

1067
00:48:42,210 --> 00:48:44,030
Na kama mimi click nyekundu, unaendelea nyekundu.

1068
00:48:44,030 --> 00:48:46,780
Kama mimi kupata rangi ya bluu, unaendelea blueish.

1069
00:48:46,780 --> 00:48:49,854
Kijani, njano, rangi ya machungwa.

1070
00:48:49,854 --> 00:48:52,520
Na yote haya ni kinachotokea kwa
kwenda njia nje kwenye internet,

1071
00:48:52,520 --> 00:48:54,690
nyuma chini hapa kwa
mwanga bulb, na mbali.

1072
00:48:54,690 --> 00:48:57,981
>> Na kama unaweza kuamini it-- na hii ni
labda ni moja ya Scratch ngumu zaidi

1073
00:48:57,981 --> 00:49:00,930
miradi mtu ana implemented--
alifanya hivyo, katika haki, katika siku.

1074
00:49:00,930 --> 00:49:04,180
Na kwamba ilikuwa ni changamoto sisi akatupa chini
kwa Dan wakati tuliona na balbu binary,

1075
00:49:04,180 --> 00:49:05,810
tuna Scratch, jinsi
tunaweza kuchanganya yao?

1076
00:49:05,810 --> 00:49:08,410
Na, kwa hakika, hii ni kabisa
kitu mtu yeyote katika chumba hii

1077
00:49:08,410 --> 00:49:14,250
inaweza kufanya kwa end-- muhula ya Je, yeye
reimplemented balbu binary kutumia

1078
00:49:14,250 --> 00:49:18,310
interface sawa kwamba alikuwa
juu ya iPad yetu juu ya Jumatano.

1079
00:49:18,310 --> 00:49:22,000
Hivyo kwamba sasa, kama mimi kwa kweli
click pamoja na zaidi ya hapa,

1080
00:49:22,000 --> 00:49:25,250
tuna moja, mbili, tatu.

1081
00:49:25,250 --> 00:49:27,550
Mimi unaweza hit 16 na kugeuka kuwa moja juu ya.

1082
00:49:27,550 --> 00:49:29,440
128, na kadhalika.

1083
00:49:29,440 --> 00:49:31,250
>> Sasa kama hiyo peke yake ina
na barugumu akili yako,

1084
00:49:31,250 --> 00:49:35,680
unaweza kufanya mambo mbali zaidi kupatikana,
si kuwashirikisha vifaa yoyote bila ya shaka.

1085
00:49:35,680 --> 00:49:38,320
Mambo tu juu ya screen yenyewe.

1086
00:49:38,320 --> 00:49:41,110
Na, kwa hakika, nini wanafunzi wengi
kuishia kufanya ni aina fulani ya mchezo,

1087
00:49:41,110 --> 00:49:44,600
baadhi ya kipande cha kazi za sanaa, au
baadhi ya aina ya maingiliano uhuishaji.

1088
00:49:44,600 --> 00:49:47,352
Na nasema mmoja wetu
favorites imekuwa hii moja.

1089
00:49:47,352 --> 00:49:49,060
Na mimi mawazo kama sisi
inaweza dim taa,

1090
00:49:49,060 --> 00:49:52,960
tutaweza kuchukua glimpse katika hii ya mwisho
Scratch mradi katika hitimisho.

1091
00:49:52,960 --> 00:49:57,460
Lakini nini utasikia wanapaswa kuweka katika akili, kama
Siwezi tease wewe kwa undani moja iliyopita,

1092
00:49:57,460 --> 00:49:59,140
sectioning itaanza wiki ijayo.

1093
00:49:59,140 --> 00:50:00,830
Ofisi ya masaa itaanza wiki ijayo.

1094
00:50:00,830 --> 00:50:04,410
Tatizo kuweka zero itakuwa posted
Baadaye CS50.harvard.edu leo.

1095
00:50:04,410 --> 00:50:06,430
Na utakuwa akamsalimu
katika tatizo kuweka zero

1096
00:50:06,430 --> 00:50:10,070
kwa CS50 ya mwenyewe Zamyla Chan, ambaye
viongozi wengi wa walkthroughs yetu.

1097
00:50:10,070 --> 00:50:11,952
Hizi ni iliyoingia video
katika seti tatizo

1098
00:50:11,952 --> 00:50:15,160
kwamba itafanya mkono wako kwa njia ya kura
ya awali ya kuweka juu na kwa watu wengi

1099
00:50:15,160 --> 00:50:16,570
ya kubuni maamuzi iwezekanavyo.

1100
00:50:16,570 --> 00:50:19,570
Hivyo kama wewe wameweza milele alikuwa na kwamba hisia
wakati kuokota homework zoezi

1101
00:50:19,570 --> 00:50:21,030
na wanashangaa, wapi mimi kuanza?

1102
00:50:21,030 --> 00:50:23,510
Yeye atakuwa na kwamba jibu kwa wewe.

1103
00:50:23,510 --> 00:50:27,720
Na sasa, mpango wa mwisho
kutoka kwa mmoja wa watangulizi wako

1104
00:50:27,720 --> 00:50:30,659
katika jibu la swali
"Je, mbweha kusema?"

1105
00:50:30,659 --> 00:50:32,242
[MUSIC YLVIS, "NINI FOX SAY?]

1106
00:50:32,242 --> 00:50:40,178

1107
00:50:40,178 --> 00:50:41,666
>> YLVIS: (KUIMBA) Dog huenda lililosokotwa.

1108
00:50:41,666 --> 00:50:43,650
Cat huenda meow.

1109
00:50:43,650 --> 00:50:47,520
Ndege huenda tweet na panya huenda squeak.

1110
00:50:47,520 --> 00:50:49,240
Ng'ombe huenda moo.

1111
00:50:49,240 --> 00:50:51,690
Frog huenda croak.

1112
00:50:51,690 --> 00:50:54,630
Na tembo huenda toot.

1113
00:50:54,630 --> 00:50:59,040
Bata kusema matapeli na samaki kwenda blub.

1114
00:50:59,040 --> 00:51:07,370
Na muhuri huenda asa asa asa, lakini
kuna sauti moja kwamba hakuna mtu anajua,

1115
00:51:07,370 --> 00:51:10,330
nini fox kusema?

1116
00:51:10,330 --> 00:51:11,020
Na

1117
00:51:11,020 --> 00:51:12,478
>> DAVID J. Malan: Hiyo ni kwa CS50.

1118
00:51:12,478 --> 00:51:15,436
Sisi kuona wewe katika
Puzzle Day na siku ya Jumatatu.

1119
00:51:15,436 --> 00:51:16,424
>> [Makofi]

1120
00:51:16,424 --> 00:51:19,882
>> [MUSIC YLVIS, "Je, FOX Sema?"]

1121
00:51:19,882 --> 00:51:24,840

1122
00:51:24,840 --> 00:51:28,820
>> NARRATOR: Na sasa kina
mawazo, na Daven Farnham.

1123
00:51:28,820 --> 00:51:31,770

1124
00:51:31,770 --> 00:51:34,570
Leo kikagonga
uso na kitabu cha simu.

1125
00:51:34,570 --> 00:51:38,160
Utata, kama mimi nina katika
nyumbani kuangalia online.

1126
00:51:38,160 --> 00:51:42,528