1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:11,050

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00:00:11,050 --> 00:00:13,351
>> Rob BOWDEN: Hii ni
vizuri zaidi sehemu,

3
00:00:13,351 --> 00:00:16,309
lakini hiyo haina maana kwamba kama wewe
kujisikia kama wewe si vizuri zaidi

4
00:00:16,309 --> 00:00:18,420
huwezi kujifunza mambo hapa.

5
00:00:18,420 --> 00:00:20,600
Basi hebu kuanza.

6
00:00:20,600 --> 00:00:22,819
Je, una slides
kwenda haki katika mambo.

7
00:00:22,819 --> 00:00:24,360
Mimi kuhusu tu kuchukua hivi sasa?

8
00:00:24,360 --> 00:00:25,680

9
00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:26,450
Byte Laptops.

10
00:00:26,450 --> 00:00:30,470

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>> ALLISON: Wewe hawataki
kuanzisha mwenyewe, Rob?

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00:00:32,950 --> 00:00:34,090
>> Rob BOWDEN: Oh, mimi nina Rob.

13
00:00:34,090 --> 00:00:35,182

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Huu ni mwaka wangu wa tano TF-ing CS50.

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00:00:37,470 --> 00:00:38,760

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>> GABRIEL: Mimi nina Gabriel.

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00:00:39,650 --> 00:00:41,610
Mimi nina kichwa TF ya CS50.

18
00:00:41,610 --> 00:00:44,009
Mimi nilikuwa TF mwaka jana na mwaka huu.

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ALLISON: Na mimi nina Alison, na hii
ni mwaka wangu wa pili TF-ing CS50.

20
00:00:46,675 --> 00:00:48,510

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>> Rob BOWDEN: zote haki, hivyo
jambo hili upande wa kushoto,

22
00:00:50,825 --> 00:00:52,250
hopefully ve kuonekana kabla.

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00:00:52,250 --> 00:00:54,112
Kama si kwa sababu wewe
kushusha ni kwa ajili yako mwenyewe,

24
00:00:54,112 --> 00:00:55,570
unapaswa tumeona katika hotuba.

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00:00:55,570 --> 00:00:56,590

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00:00:56,590 --> 00:01:01,320
Hivyo hii ni CS50 appliance, na yeye
alifanya kiasi fulani ya maelezo yake

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00:01:01,320 --> 00:01:01,880
katika hotuba.

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00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:06,890
Lakini kimsingi ni tu wewe
ni mbio za uendeshaji

29
00:01:06,890 --> 00:01:10,550
mfumo wa uendeshaji ndani ya yako
mfumo ili tuweze kukupa

30
00:01:10,550 --> 00:01:12,540
programu bila wanaohitaji
na wasiwasi, oh ni hii

31
00:01:12,540 --> 00:01:15,989
kwenda kufanya kazi juu ya wote Windows
na Mac, au kama baadhi ya wewe

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00:01:15,989 --> 00:01:17,280
tayari kutumia Linux, Linux.

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Ni tu zinatakiwa
kuwa kucheza kawaida

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uwanja ili kila mtu ana
sawa mazingira halisi.

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>> Hivyo kama una si
kupakuliwa hii tayari,

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unapaswa kushusha ni, kwa sababu wewe ni
kwenda haja ni kwa ajili ya kuweka tatizo.

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Na ni gigabyte mbili
download, hivyo inaweza kuchukua muda.

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On Harvard kutakuwa na kwenda kufunga.

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00:01:33,780 --> 00:01:35,870

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Hivyo CS50 appliance.

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>> Sasa katika mwanzo, tunakwenda
majadiliano juu ya rundo tu ya mstari amri

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mambo, na hivyo na kwamba, mimi mean kazi
katika mazingira haya kidogo zaidi ya hapa.

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Na taarifa ya mambo yote
Nasema haki hapa sasa hivi

45
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ni kwenda kufanya kazi kama uko ndani ya
terminal ndani ya appliance,

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au kama wewe ni ndani ya
dirisha terminal gedit

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ndani ya appliance.

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Hivyo mazingira hayo ni kufanana.

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00:02:03,770 --> 00:02:04,940

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>> Lakini mimi nina kwenda njia tatu.

51
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Na taarifa chini hapa hii
kidogo IP haki hapa.

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Hivyo hawana
kufanya hivyo, lakini IP hii

53
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address-- sasa kama I-- isipokuwa
ni unaokolewa na jambo hili.

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OK, hivyo kwamba IP
zaidi katika terminal

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here-- hivyo terminal hii juu ya
hapa ni terminal katika Mac yangu.

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00:02:31,090 --> 00:02:34,540
Hivyo hii ni katika hakuna njia kwa sasa
kuhusishwa na appliance wakati wote.

58
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Na kama wewe ni juu ya Windows, basi uko
kwenda haja ya kushusha jambo

59
00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:44,430
mahsusi kwa ajili ya hii, hasa
watu huwa kutumia Putty, P-U-T-T-Y.

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>> Hivyo nini mimi kwenda kufanya ni aina
SSH na kisha IP hiyo.

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Naam, jharvard katika IP hiyo.

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Hivyo 192.168.24.220.

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00:03:00,150 --> 00:03:02,127
Hii ujumbe inatisha, kupuuza.

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Aina tu ndiyo.

65
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Hii ni CS50 katika sanduku.

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Ni anauliza kwa password yako.

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>> Na hivyo katika mengi ya haya mazingira ambapo
anauliza kwa password, [inaudible].

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Sisi tumepewa maswali mengi ambapo
inasema siyo kweli kuandika.

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Haina kuonyesha wahusika wa
password kama wewe aina, kama kitu,

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kwa kipengele usalama, kwa sababu kama
mtu ni kuangalia juu ya bega yako

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na wao kuona nyota nyota
nyota nyota, basi wao

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00:03:25,870 --> 00:03:28,640
kujua kwamba password yako
ni herufi nne.

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Hivyo wazo ni kuuliza
wewe kwa ajili ya password yako, aina.

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Ni si kwenda kuonyesha
you wahusika,

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lakini ni kweli kukubali kwao.

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Katika kesi hiyo, wakati wowote
milele kuona password haraka

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00:03:39,210 --> 00:03:42,280
kushughulika na appliance,
password itakuwa ni bendera.

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Hivyo bendera.

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>> Na sasa hapa ndani ya hii
dirisha kwamba ni katika Mac yangu,

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Mimi kimsingi kuwa
sawa mtazamo halisi

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00:03:54,120 --> 00:03:57,040
kama ndani ya terminal
katika appliance.

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00:03:57,040 --> 00:03:58,470
Hivyo huna kufanya hili.

85
00:03:58,470 --> 00:04:01,300
Unaweza kufanya kila kitu
wanataka ndani ya appliance.

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00:04:01,300 --> 00:04:05,140
Mimi karibu kamwe kweli kufanya
chochote katika appliance.

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00:04:05,140 --> 00:04:09,440
Mimi daima karibu kupunguza kwamba na sasa
Mimi nina kazi SSH katika appliance.

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>> Kama kitu, kama wewe
kuwa na kompyuta polepole,

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00:04:14,180 --> 00:04:15,820
unaweza taarifa tofauti.

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00:04:15,820 --> 00:04:18,839
Mimi kufanya hivyo kwa sababu mimi wanapendelea
dirisha hili terminal.

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00:04:18,839 --> 00:04:20,881
Ina baadhi ya makala kama
Siwezi umegawanyika dirisha,

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na sasa siwezi SSH katika
kupitia appliance.

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I got mbili SSH kinaendelea kwa mara moja.

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00:04:24,105 --> 00:04:28,030

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Kama kompyuta yako ni polepole hasa
na wewe ni kufanya kazi katika appliance,

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na wewe kutambua hii ni
kweli laggy, chochote.

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Huelekea kuwa kasi zaidi
kama wewe ni SSH-ed katika.

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Lakini vinginevyo unaweza kufanya kazi ama njia.

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>> Watazamaji: Nini SSH maana?

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00:04:42,388 --> 00:04:43,820

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>> Rob BOWDEN: shells Salama,
kitu kama hicho?

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Nini SSH maana?

104
00:04:48,270 --> 00:04:54,214

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GABRIEL: ganda Salama.

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ALLISON: Ni ganda salama tu.

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Rob BOWDEN: ganda Salama.

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Ni itifaki ambayo you-- ni
itifaki salama, hivyo encrypted.

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Watu hawawezi Snoop mtandao na
kuona nini wewe kusema chochote

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wewe ni SSH-ed kwa.

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Na kwa kweli, katika zamani
siku ya CS50, hivyo mwaka 2009

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nilipokuwa Freshman, njia ambayo
kazi katika CS50 seti tatizo,

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ilikuwa you SSH-ed kwa baadhi server
kwamba sisi alitoa wewe kupata,

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na wewe kazi huko.

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Hivyo hakuwa na hii
graphical appliance.

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Hakuwa na gedit.

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Hakuwa na mambo haya yote
unaweza kuibua uhakika na click.

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Alikuwa na kazi katika interface hii.

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Napendelea kufanya kazi katika interface hii.

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Hivyo sehemu ya nini tunakwenda
kuwa kwenda juu ya haki ya sasa

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ni kundi la
amri kwamba lazima

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kuanza kupata ukoo na kama
wewe kwenda pamoja katika shaka.

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Na kwa uaminifu, mara moja
kupata kutumika kwao, ni

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ni hivyo kwa kasi zaidi kwa
kazi katika mazingira haya

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kuliko ilivyo kwa kazi na finder,
dragging na kubonyeza vitu.

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129
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>> Hivyo hapa sisi ni.

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Sasa mimi tu SSH-ed katika, na hivyo
default location-- unaweza

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kuona baadhi ya amri hizi darasani,
lakini tutaweza kwenda juu wote tena.

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default eneo tuko
katika ni directory nyumbani.

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Na directory, tu
neno lingine kwa folder.

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Hivyo sisi ni katika saraka ya nyumbani.

135
00:06:13,310 --> 00:06:15,889
Aina ls, kuorodhesha files
katika saraka hii.

136
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Dhahiri Mimi umba blah.c mapema.

137
00:06:17,430 --> 00:06:19,120

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Hivyo tuna directory desktop.

139
00:06:20,472 --> 00:06:21,930
Taarifa syntax mwangaza?

140
00:06:21,930 --> 00:06:27,400

141
00:06:27,400 --> 00:06:32,900
mwanga bluu mwangaza inaonyesha
directory na nyeupe moja kwa moja

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inaonyesha tu faili wazi.

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00:06:34,380 --> 00:06:35,410

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00:06:35,410 --> 00:06:37,690
Hivyo kuna ni kwenda kuwa
baadhi ya rangi nyingine, unaweza kuona.

145
00:06:37,690 --> 00:06:41,240
executable faili pengine ni kwenda
kuwa kijani au kitu kama hicho.

146
00:06:41,240 --> 00:06:44,820
OK, hivyo sisi ni katika saraka ya nyumbani.

147
00:06:44,820 --> 00:06:48,970
>> Sasa kama nataka kwenda katika tofauti
directory, cd ni amri nataka.

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00:06:48,970 --> 00:06:52,720
Hivyo kubadili directory, na kisha
kupita jina la directory

149
00:06:52,720 --> 00:06:54,020
kwamba unataka kwenda katika.

150
00:06:54,020 --> 00:06:55,780
Hivyo hapa tuna chaguzi nne.

151
00:06:55,780 --> 00:07:03,397
Siwezi kwenda katika downloads, na sasa tunaona
hapa ina updated hii mabano

152
00:07:03,397 --> 00:07:04,480
kusema mimi nina katika ~ / downloads.

153
00:07:04,480 --> 00:07:05,620

154
00:07:05,620 --> 00:07:06,800
>> Hivyo ni nini tilde?

155
00:07:06,800 --> 00:07:10,640
Ni shorthand kwa
nyumbani saraka yako.

156
00:07:10,640 --> 00:07:15,260
Hivyo karibu kila kitu wewe kufanya ni kwenda
kuwa na heshima kwa nyumbani saraka yako,

157
00:07:15,260 --> 00:07:20,620
na pwd ni amri
Mimi kutumia mara moja katika mwaka huo

158
00:07:20,620 --> 00:07:22,420
tu Prints saraka ya sasa.

159
00:07:22,420 --> 00:07:25,730
Na hivyo unaweza kuona hapa kwamba
~ / Downloads kweli resolves

160
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kwa / nyumbani / jharvard / downloads.

161
00:07:26,896 --> 00:07:29,320

162
00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:32,230
Hivyo / nyumbani / jharvard ni nyumbani directory yangu.

163
00:07:32,230 --> 00:07:33,700

164
00:07:33,700 --> 00:07:39,400
>> Ili tuweze cd dot dot.

165
00:07:39,400 --> 00:07:47,800
Sasa dot dot ni directory maalum kwamba
daima inahusu directory moja up.

166
00:07:47,800 --> 00:07:51,730
Hivyo kama mimi nina katika ~ / downloads, basi cd dot
dot ni kwenda kuleta mimi tilde.

167
00:07:51,730 --> 00:07:52,950

168
00:07:52,950 --> 00:07:55,490
Nini tunafikiri cd dot dot
ni kwenda kuleta mimi sasa?

169
00:07:55,490 --> 00:07:58,740

170
00:07:58,740 --> 00:08:00,570
Ni itabidi kuleta mimi / nyumbani.

171
00:08:00,570 --> 00:08:04,450
Hivyo tilde na magazeti ya kazi directory,
Mimi nina katika sasa / nyumbani / jharvard.

172
00:08:04,450 --> 00:08:06,060

173
00:08:06,060 --> 00:08:08,820
moja directory kutoka kwamba,
sasa anasema hapa / nyumbani.

174
00:08:08,820 --> 00:08:12,330

175
00:08:12,330 --> 00:08:17,180
>> Sasa cd dot dot.

176
00:08:17,180 --> 00:08:20,910
Sasa mimi nina katika saraka mizizi,
na unaweza kufanya hivyo tena.

177
00:08:20,910 --> 00:08:23,340
Utasikia tu kukaa katika
saraka ya mizizi milele.

178
00:08:23,340 --> 00:08:26,700
directory mzizi ina rundo zima la
mambo ambayo, kama unataka kuangalia katika,

179
00:08:26,700 --> 00:08:27,410
unaweza.

180
00:08:27,410 --> 00:08:29,700
Kwa mfano, kama mimi kwenda
ndani ya bin, ambayo ina

181
00:08:29,700 --> 00:08:35,789
binaries wote hawa, kama vile ls,
na CD, na wote wa mambo hayo.

182
00:08:35,789 --> 00:08:38,630
Hivyo amri hizi haja ya
zipo mahali fulani katika mfumo,

183
00:08:38,630 --> 00:08:40,820
na ni katika / bin directory.

184
00:08:40,820 --> 00:08:44,530
Lakini karibu kila kitu wewe kufanya ni
itakuwa kutoka nyumbani saraka yako.

185
00:08:44,530 --> 00:08:49,490
Na cd bila hoja yoyote ile,
unaweza kusema cd ~, hawana haja ya.

186
00:08:49,490 --> 00:08:51,810
cd ni kwenda kuleta
kurudi nyumbani saraka yako.

187
00:08:51,810 --> 00:08:53,170

188
00:08:53,170 --> 00:08:54,230
>> Moja ya mwisho moja.

189
00:08:54,230 --> 00:09:00,200
cd - ni kwenda kuleta nyuma kwa
directory ya mwisho kwamba walikuwa katika.

190
00:09:00,200 --> 00:09:04,080
Hivyo mimi tu cd'd mara mbili mfululizo, hivyo yangu
directory ya mwisho ilikuwa directory nyumbani.

191
00:09:04,080 --> 00:09:11,520
Kama mimi kwenda kufyeka bin, na sasa
hebu kwenda juu na ndani ya mtumiaji.

192
00:09:11,520 --> 00:09:12,550

193
00:09:12,550 --> 00:09:13,280
Kushiriki mtumiaji.

194
00:09:13,280 --> 00:09:14,840

195
00:09:14,840 --> 00:09:15,940
Hebu kwenda kushiriki user.

196
00:09:15,940 --> 00:09:17,140
Sasa mimi nina sasa katika sehemu mtumiaji.

197
00:09:17,140 --> 00:09:19,320
cd -, nyuma katika bin.

198
00:09:19,320 --> 00:09:22,980
Hivyo hii anapata muhimu hasa
wakati have-- na kutakuwa na kugeuza.

199
00:09:22,980 --> 00:09:25,660
Hivyo kushiriki user, nyuma bin, kushiriki bin.

200
00:09:25,660 --> 00:09:27,250
>> Hivyo hii anapata muhimu.

201
00:09:27,250 --> 00:09:33,150
Unaweza kupata mwenyewe kuwa wengi,
wengi, wengi Furushi directories.

202
00:09:33,150 --> 00:09:37,370
Na unataka kufanya kitu
haraka halisi katika orodha ya juu.

203
00:09:37,370 --> 00:09:40,330
Kwenda directory kwamba, kufanya
mabadiliko na mambo kama hayo,

204
00:09:40,330 --> 00:09:42,400
na sasa unataka kwenda
nyuma ambapo walikuwa.

205
00:09:42,400 --> 00:09:43,660
cd -.

206
00:09:43,660 --> 00:09:47,320
Mimi nina daima frustrated
wakati mimi kutokea kwa kwenda

207
00:09:47,320 --> 00:09:49,630
kwa kuwa mimi directory
alitaka kufanya kazi katika.

208
00:09:49,630 --> 00:09:52,670
Mimi daima kupata frustrated wakati mimi
katika hatua mbili badala ya hatua moja,

209
00:09:52,670 --> 00:09:55,715
kwa sababu hiyo ina maana kwamba cd - ni kwenda
kuleta katika eneo kwamba kati

210
00:09:55,715 --> 00:09:57,010
badala ya ambapo mimi unataka kwenda.

211
00:09:57,010 --> 00:09:59,350

212
00:09:59,350 --> 00:10:01,450
>> Hivyo tunaona mafaili yote orodha.

213
00:10:01,450 --> 00:10:03,300
Tunajua jinsi ya kupata kote hadi sasa.

214
00:10:03,300 --> 00:10:09,900
Hivyo sasa hebu majadiliano juu ya uhariri files.

215
00:10:09,900 --> 00:10:18,790
Hivyo katika kozi hii, wewe ni karibu
daima inatarajiwa kutumia gedit.

216
00:10:18,790 --> 00:10:24,410
Kama unataka, unaweza kuchukua hatua ya pili
na kuanza kujifunza mstari amri Nakala

217
00:10:24,410 --> 00:10:25,240
mhariri.

218
00:10:25,240 --> 00:10:27,560
Hivyo chaguzi mbalimbali zipo.

219
00:10:27,560 --> 00:10:31,760
>> Na wale ambao pengine
itakuwa muhimu kwa wewe,

220
00:10:31,760 --> 00:10:35,340
tuna Nano, VIM, na Emacs.

221
00:10:35,340 --> 00:10:40,196
Hivyo Nano ni Kompyuta
mstari amri mhariri wa maandishi.

222
00:10:40,196 --> 00:10:42,985
Hivyo Nano hebu kwenda juu ya
blah.c mimi umba mapema.

223
00:10:42,985 --> 00:10:44,030

224
00:10:44,030 --> 00:10:46,480
Ni tu hii standard C faili.

225
00:10:46,480 --> 00:10:51,540
Na unaweza kuona rundo zima ya mambo
kinachoendelea chini ya screen,

226
00:10:51,540 --> 00:10:54,100
na inaonekana blah.c
ina hii C kanuni.

227
00:10:54,100 --> 00:10:55,420

228
00:10:55,420 --> 00:11:00,330
>> Hivyo katika mhariri hii hasa,
nini ni kusema katika bottom--

229
00:11:00,330 --> 00:11:06,290
sasa alama hii kareti,
tunaona hii ^ G, ^ X, ^ O.

230
00:11:06,290 --> 00:11:10,310
Hivyo kwamba karibu katika kila
mazingira kwamba unaweza kuona,

231
00:11:10,310 --> 00:11:13,530
unaweza kuona kwamba kareti ishara katika
maeneo mengine online, juu ya Stack kufurika,

232
00:11:13,530 --> 00:11:14,450
kitu kama hicho.

233
00:11:14,450 --> 00:11:16,970
Ni karibu kila mara inahusu kudhibiti.

234
00:11:16,970 --> 00:11:21,590
Hivyo exit nataka kufanya
Kudhibiti X. Kudhibiti X, exits.

235
00:11:21,590 --> 00:11:22,750

236
00:11:22,750 --> 00:11:26,855
Na siwezi kutumia mshale wangu
funguo kuzunguka.

237
00:11:26,855 --> 00:11:28,010

238
00:11:28,010 --> 00:11:31,015
Taarifa siwezi uhakika na bonyeza kwa urahisi.

239
00:11:31,015 --> 00:11:33,000

240
00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:35,010
Unahitaji kutumia mshale yako
funguo kuzunguka.

241
00:11:35,010 --> 00:11:36,950
Huenda kuna mazingira
kwa uhakika na bonyeza.

242
00:11:36,950 --> 00:11:40,000
>> Lakini hebu kufanya baadhi ya mabadiliko.

243
00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:42,100
Sasa Kudhibiti X kwenda exit.

244
00:11:42,100 --> 00:11:44,120
Ni kwenda kusema ila iliyopita buffer.

245
00:11:44,120 --> 00:11:47,900
Sasa haraka, y kwa ndiyo, n kwa no.

246
00:11:47,900 --> 00:11:49,900
Kudhibiti C kwa kufuta.

247
00:11:49,900 --> 00:11:50,780
Mimi itabidi kusema tu ndiyo.

248
00:11:50,780 --> 00:11:51,709
Faili jina kuandika.

249
00:11:51,709 --> 00:11:53,500
default ni faili
kwamba tayari ni.

250
00:11:53,500 --> 00:11:54,230
Hit Enter.

251
00:11:54,230 --> 00:11:54,740
OK.

252
00:11:54,740 --> 00:11:58,580
Sasa nimekuwa tu mwisho kwamba faili,
kuokolewa, na ni iliyopita.

253
00:11:58,580 --> 00:11:59,770

254
00:11:59,770 --> 00:12:03,000
>> Hivyo Nano ni rahisi
mhariri wa maandishi kupata kutumika.

255
00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:05,520
mbadala ni VIM na Emacs.

256
00:12:05,520 --> 00:12:11,250
Wale ni kiwango cha juu wahariri Nakala
kuwa na mwinuko sana kujifunza Curve.

257
00:12:11,250 --> 00:12:13,740
Hivyo upendeleo wangu binafsi ni VIM.

258
00:12:13,740 --> 00:12:17,175
Na ina aina mbalimbali ya chaguzi.

259
00:12:17,175 --> 00:12:18,210

260
00:12:18,210 --> 00:12:24,070
Na mara moja kupata kutumika
kwa hiyo, utasikia kamwe

261
00:12:24,070 --> 00:12:26,900
wanataka kwenda nyingine yoyote
mhariri wa maandishi kwa sababu wewe tu

262
00:12:26,900 --> 00:12:29,590
mambo mengi
inapatikana na wewe katika haya,

263
00:12:29,590 --> 00:12:31,690
lakini inachukua kweli
muda mrefu kujifunza.

264
00:12:31,690 --> 00:12:36,000
Hivyo labda wewe tu unataka kumlazimisha
mwenyewe sasa hivi kupata kutumika kwa hiyo,

265
00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:38,130
lakini napenda kusema ni thamani yake.

266
00:12:38,130 --> 00:12:39,660
Lakini ni vigumu.

267
00:12:39,660 --> 00:12:41,220
>> Na kisha Emacs.

268
00:12:41,220 --> 00:12:44,940
Mimi daima mapambano katika Emacs sababu
Mimi najua jinsi ya kufanya kitu kabisa.

269
00:12:44,940 --> 00:12:47,755
Inavyoonekana Emacs si kwa default
imewekwa kwenye appliance.

270
00:12:47,755 --> 00:12:49,210

271
00:12:49,210 --> 00:12:51,720
Sisi pengine kuongeza kwamba
kama mitambo ya msingi.

272
00:12:51,720 --> 00:12:59,620

273
00:12:59,620 --> 00:13:02,390
Mara baada ya kujifunza moja ya
Vim au Emacs, kuna

274
00:13:02,390 --> 00:13:04,810
hakuna sababu ya kulazimisha
milele kujifunza mengine,

275
00:13:04,810 --> 00:13:07,570
lakini ni mtindo tofauti kabisa.

276
00:13:07,570 --> 00:13:10,460
OK hivyo hiyo ni editing Nakala files.

277
00:13:10,460 --> 00:13:13,374
>> Watazamaji: Kama ungekuwa kukwama
katika VIM hivi sasa, ni jinsi gani we--

278
00:13:13,374 --> 00:13:18,840

279
00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:20,800
>> Rob BOWDEN: Kuna
modes mbalimbali katika VIM,

280
00:13:20,800 --> 00:13:23,770
na kuna nzima
tutorials juu ya kujifunza VIM.

281
00:13:23,770 --> 00:13:27,390
Hivyo kama wewe kutokea kwa kuwa
katika kuingiza mode ili

282
00:13:27,390 --> 00:13:29,930
aina ya maandishi, ambayo unaweza
kuingia kwamba kwa njia mbalimbali,

283
00:13:29,930 --> 00:13:31,610
lakini i ni jinsi ya kupata katika kuingiza mode.

284
00:13:31,610 --> 00:13:34,780
Katika au kupata nje ya yoyote maalum
mode kwamba uko, tu Escape.

285
00:13:34,780 --> 00:13:37,640
Na wewe tu bash Escape kupata
nje ya yoyote njia Furushi katika yako.

286
00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:40,360
Tu sawa, sasa mimi nina nyuma katika hali ya kawaida.

287
00:13:40,360 --> 00:13:43,790
>> Na hivyo katika hali ya kawaida, koloni.

288
00:13:43,790 --> 00:13:45,160
Unaweza kuona ni kuonekana chini.

289
00:13:45,160 --> 00:13:46,240
Na kisha q.

290
00:13:46,240 --> 00:13:52,600
Hivyo q itakuwa kuacha kama wameweza alifanya mabadiliko,
ambayo I-- kuwa mimi alifanya mabadiliko?

291
00:13:52,600 --> 00:13:54,180
Mimi alifanya mabadiliko inaonekana.

292
00:13:54,180 --> 00:13:57,264
Hivyo kama wameweza alifanya mabadiliko, ni itabidi
wanasema unaweza kuweka alama Moderators.

293
00:13:57,264 --> 00:13:58,430
Mimi nina kwenda kumwita bang.

294
00:13:58,430 --> 00:14:02,040
Hivyo unaweza kuweka marufuku tu
kuacha bila kufanya kitu chochote,

295
00:14:02,040 --> 00:14:04,520
au matumbo wq kuokoa na kuacha.

296
00:14:04,520 --> 00:14:06,580
Hivyo w kwa ujumla ni kuandika.

297
00:14:06,580 --> 00:14:08,300
Hivyo kuandika faili.

298
00:14:08,300 --> 00:14:09,810
Siwezi kuandika na kuacha.

299
00:14:09,810 --> 00:14:13,606
Au unaweza kuwa tu
qx slam, q bang tu

300
00:14:13,606 --> 00:14:16,230
kupata nje ya hapo bila kujali
ya mabadiliko yoyote ambayo umefanya.

301
00:14:16,230 --> 00:14:21,310

302
00:14:21,310 --> 00:14:28,940
>> Haki wote, hivyo sasa hebu
go-- tunaweza kujenga files.

303
00:14:28,940 --> 00:14:30,890
Hebu kuanza kuondoa files.

304
00:14:30,890 --> 00:14:35,450
Na mimi itabidi kutupa katika moja
haraka amri mpya, kugusa.

305
00:14:35,450 --> 00:14:38,200
Hivyo kugusa foo.

306
00:14:38,200 --> 00:14:39,340
Kugusa bar.

307
00:14:39,340 --> 00:14:40,220
Kugusa bazi.

308
00:14:40,220 --> 00:14:42,810
Kama mimi ls, sasa tunaona
kwamba mafaili ya wale kuwepo.

309
00:14:42,810 --> 00:14:44,315
Wao ni tupu kabisa.

310
00:14:44,315 --> 00:14:47,178
Hivyo kugusa ni rahisi tu
njia ya moja, [inaudible].

311
00:14:47,178 --> 00:14:50,850

312
00:14:50,850 --> 00:14:54,640
Mbili, kitaalam tu hali
hivyo, updates timestamps.

313
00:14:54,640 --> 00:14:58,470
Hivyo faili yoyote kwamba kujenga ina
timestamp yanayohusiana na hayo.

314
00:14:58,470 --> 00:15:01,330
Hivyo bazi iliundwa juu ya
Septemba 14 katika 16:21.

315
00:15:01,330 --> 00:15:02,570

316
00:15:02,570 --> 00:15:06,670
Ni sasa 16:22, hivyo kama
Mimi kugusa bazi tena, sisi

317
00:15:06,670 --> 00:15:11,420
kuona kwamba bazi ilikuwa zaidi
hivi karibuni iliyopita katika 16:22.

318
00:15:11,420 --> 00:15:17,680
Lakini vinginevyo mimi kamwe karibu
kuangalia timestamps juu ya files.

319
00:15:17,680 --> 00:15:20,490
Hivyo kugusa, hapa mimi nina kutumia tu
kwa kujenga baadhi ya mafaili ya haraka.

320
00:15:20,490 --> 00:15:21,620

321
00:15:21,620 --> 00:15:27,400
>> Wote haki, hivyo sasa rm ni
amri kwamba sisi huduma ya juu hapa.

322
00:15:27,400 --> 00:15:28,665
Na tunaweza Rm boo.

323
00:15:28,665 --> 00:15:31,000
Kusema kuondoa mara kwa mara tupu faili boo.

324
00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:34,070
Na tunaweza aina y, na sasa ni kuondosha.

325
00:15:34,070 --> 00:15:34,850
rm bazi.

326
00:15:34,850 --> 00:15:35,910

327
00:15:35,910 --> 00:15:38,620
Kuondoa mara kwa mara faili tupu
bazi na aina n kwa no.

328
00:15:38,620 --> 00:15:40,060
Sasa ni si kuondolewa.

329
00:15:40,060 --> 00:15:41,240
Hivyo bar na bazi bado zipo.

330
00:15:41,240 --> 00:15:42,232
Foo ni gone.

331
00:15:42,232 --> 00:15:43,148
GABRIEL: Weka kuzungumza.

332
00:15:43,148 --> 00:15:43,970

333
00:15:43,970 --> 00:15:44,720
Rob BOWDEN: Mkuu.

334
00:15:44,720 --> 00:15:45,800

335
00:15:45,800 --> 00:15:50,370
Hivyo ujumbe annoying
hapa, kuondoa empty-- ya mara kwa mara

336
00:15:50,370 --> 00:15:52,390
unafanya nini huko chini?

337
00:15:52,390 --> 00:15:54,030
Kuondoa mara kwa mara ya faili tupu.

338
00:15:54,030 --> 00:15:58,840

339
00:15:58,840 --> 00:16:01,610
Hivyo kama hatutaki kuwa
bothered na ujumbe huo,

340
00:16:01,610 --> 00:16:05,340
tunaweza kutupa katika -f hii
bendera, na hivyo hiyo ni nguvu.

341
00:16:05,340 --> 00:16:11,330
Na sasa kama mimi Rm -f, ni si kwenda
kusema unataka kuondoa faili hii.

342
00:16:11,330 --> 00:16:12,040
Ni itabidi kufanya hivyo.

343
00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:13,720
Na ls, sijui kuona bar huko tena.

344
00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:14,810

345
00:16:14,810 --> 00:16:18,021
>> Sasa kwa kuwa ni uwezekano
hatari amri.

346
00:16:18,021 --> 00:16:19,020
Inaelekea si mbaya sana.

347
00:16:19,020 --> 00:16:22,240
Tutaweza kuja nyuma katika pili jinsi
inaweza kupata kweli hatari.

348
00:16:22,240 --> 00:16:28,740
Na hebu kujenga baadhi ya directory temp.

349
00:16:28,740 --> 00:16:30,880
mkdir, amri nyingine.

350
00:16:30,880 --> 00:16:34,880
Hivyo mkdir ni amri
kwamba inafanya directory.

351
00:16:34,880 --> 00:16:40,650
Na sasa na ls tunaona hii mwanga nzuri
bluu yalionyesha temp directory.

352
00:16:40,650 --> 00:16:42,295
Naweza cd ndani ya temp.

353
00:16:42,295 --> 00:16:44,590
Na siwezi mkdir foo.

354
00:16:44,590 --> 00:16:46,330
cd ndani ya foo. mkdir bar.

355
00:16:46,330 --> 00:16:46,860
cd ndani ya bar.

356
00:16:46,860 --> 00:16:49,400

357
00:16:49,400 --> 00:16:54,300
>> Hivyo tunaona tunaweza kupata urahisi
katika baadhi ya nesting pretty kirefu.

358
00:16:54,300 --> 00:16:56,385
Sasa jinsi gani mimi kuondoa directory?

359
00:16:56,385 --> 00:16:57,020

360
00:16:57,020 --> 00:16:57,520
rmdir.

361
00:16:57,520 --> 00:16:59,030

362
00:16:59,030 --> 00:17:03,540
Hivyo kama mimi tu moja kwa moja kujaribu rm,
kama tulivyofanya na faili mara kwa mara,

363
00:17:03,540 --> 00:17:06,420
rm bar ni kwenda
kusema hawezi kuondoa bar.

364
00:17:06,420 --> 00:17:07,569
Ni directory.

365
00:17:07,569 --> 00:17:10,619
Kuna amri maalum kwa ajili ya
kuondoa Directories, aina ya.

366
00:17:10,619 --> 00:17:12,900
Hivyo rmdir bar.

367
00:17:12,900 --> 00:17:13,710
Sasa bar ni gone.

368
00:17:13,710 --> 00:17:14,980

369
00:17:14,980 --> 00:17:22,680
>> OK, hivyo rmdir mimi pretty much kamwe kutumia.

370
00:17:22,680 --> 00:17:32,220
Sababu being-- sasa hebu
kufanya mara kwa mara ya faili bar katika hapa.

371
00:17:32,220 --> 00:17:34,780
Hivyo rmdir boo.

372
00:17:34,780 --> 00:17:35,760
rmdir.

373
00:17:35,760 --> 00:17:36,900
Alishindwa kuondoa foo.

374
00:17:36,900 --> 00:17:38,420
Directory si tupu.

375
00:17:38,420 --> 00:17:43,420
Hivyo huwezi kutumia kuondoa dir juu ya
directory ambayo ina mambo ndani yake.

376
00:17:43,420 --> 00:17:44,830
>> Hivyo una baadhi ya chaguzi.

377
00:17:44,830 --> 00:17:49,780
Unaweza kwenda katika saraka kwamba, kuondoa
kila kitu mwenyewe, na kisha kuja nje

378
00:17:49,780 --> 00:17:51,759
na rmdir directory.

379
00:17:51,759 --> 00:17:53,050
Kwamba ni wazi sauti annoying.

380
00:17:53,050 --> 00:17:55,000
Nini kama kuna maelfu
ya mafaili katika huko?

381
00:17:55,000 --> 00:17:58,119
Vizuri, unaweza Rm *.

382
00:17:58,119 --> 00:17:59,410
Tutaweza majadiliano juu ya * katika pili.

383
00:17:59,410 --> 00:18:00,870
Ni kimsingi ina maana mambo yote.

384
00:18:00,870 --> 00:18:02,030

385
00:18:02,030 --> 00:18:05,470
Lakini bado bora, hivyo rm r.

386
00:18:05,470 --> 00:18:10,220
Hivyo rm -r-- katika mengi ya
mazingira, r maana kujirudia,

387
00:18:10,220 --> 00:18:13,810
ambayo tutaweza majadiliano juu ya kile
njia ya kujirudia katika wiki kadhaa.

388
00:18:13,810 --> 00:18:18,630
Lakini kimsingi ina maana tembeeni
ukamilifu wa orodha hii

389
00:18:18,630 --> 00:18:20,190
na kuondoa kila kitu.

390
00:18:20,190 --> 00:18:24,420
>> Hivyo rm r foo ni kwenda kusema
kushuka katika orodha foo?

391
00:18:24,420 --> 00:18:25,210
Ndiyo.

392
00:18:25,210 --> 00:18:26,800
Kuondoa mara kwa mara tupu faili foo / bar?

393
00:18:26,800 --> 00:18:27,880

394
00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:28,540
Ndiyo.

395
00:18:28,540 --> 00:18:29,760
Kuondoa directory foo?

396
00:18:29,760 --> 00:18:30,260
Ndiyo.

397
00:18:30,260 --> 00:18:31,470

398
00:18:31,470 --> 00:18:35,020
Hivyo sasa foo na kila kitu
ndani yake imekuwa kuondolewa.

399
00:18:35,020 --> 00:18:42,370
>> Sasa kwa kuwa wanaweza kupata hasa annoying
when-- hebu kugusa 1, kugusa 2, kugusa 3.

400
00:18:42,370 --> 00:18:44,400
Inaweza kuwa na rundo zima la files.

401
00:18:44,400 --> 00:18:49,060
Kama nilitaka, mimi inaweza kujenga
maelfu ya files katika hapa.

402
00:18:49,060 --> 00:18:53,340
Na rm r foo ni kwenda
kuwa pretty annoying.

403
00:18:53,340 --> 00:18:55,374
Ndiyo, ndiyo, ndiyo, ndiyo, ndiyo, ndiyo.

404
00:18:55,374 --> 00:18:57,540
Na mafaili mengi zaidi
haraka kuona mara ngapi

405
00:18:57,540 --> 00:18:58,581
Napenda kuwa na aina ndiyo.

406
00:18:58,581 --> 00:19:02,265
Naam, sisi tu kuona jinsi kabla tunaweza
kujikwamua wanaohitaji aina ndiyo, -f.

407
00:19:02,265 --> 00:19:03,330

408
00:19:03,330 --> 00:19:07,020
Hivyo mkdir foo cd foo kugusa 1 2 3.

409
00:19:07,020 --> 00:19:08,380

410
00:19:08,380 --> 00:19:17,190
OK, hivyo rm -rf foo ni kwenda
upofu kuondoa foo kabisa.

411
00:19:17,190 --> 00:19:17,960
Hakuna haraka.

412
00:19:17,960 --> 00:19:18,650
Hakuna kitu chochote.

413
00:19:18,650 --> 00:19:20,040
Foo ni gone.

414
00:19:20,040 --> 00:19:23,830
>> Hivyo mimi huwa kutumia hii
amri wakati wote.

415
00:19:23,830 --> 00:19:25,120

416
00:19:25,120 --> 00:19:27,830
Alisema, ni
amri hatari sana,

417
00:19:27,830 --> 00:19:33,240
kwa sababu kama mimi kufanya kitu kama
hii, itakuwa si kuchochea wewe.

418
00:19:33,240 --> 00:19:34,730
Itakuwa gone.

419
00:19:34,730 --> 00:19:40,140
Na kinachotokea pretty mara kwa mara,
na hata katika ngazi ya juu CS kozi.

420
00:19:40,140 --> 00:19:42,070
Wakati mwingine tutaweza kuona
kitu ambapo mtu

421
00:19:42,070 --> 00:19:48,360
anasema mimi ajali wetu rm rf-ed nyumba yangu
directory na wote wa P kuweka yangu ni gone.

422
00:19:48,360 --> 00:19:52,422
Na ni makubwa,
lakini hakuna can takataka.

423
00:19:52,422 --> 00:19:54,380
Kuna hakuna kuna kitu
kwa retrieve.

424
00:19:54,380 --> 00:19:55,330
Ni tu gone.

425
00:19:55,330 --> 00:19:56,529

426
00:19:56,529 --> 00:19:58,320
Hata mbaya itakuwa
kitu kama rm -rf /.

427
00:19:58,320 --> 00:19:59,432

428
00:19:59,432 --> 00:20:01,140
Hivyo sisi tu kujadiliwa
kwamba directory mizizi.

429
00:20:01,140 --> 00:20:03,095
Ni anashikilia yote ya
mafaili kwenye mfumo wako.

430
00:20:03,095 --> 00:20:04,120

431
00:20:04,120 --> 00:20:07,380
Mambo huwa na kupata pretty messy
wakati wewe kuondoa vitu kama ls,

432
00:20:07,380 --> 00:20:10,280
na CD, na wale wote.

433
00:20:10,280 --> 00:20:15,467
>> Watazamaji: Nini tofauti
kati rm, rf, na rm *

434
00:20:15,467 --> 00:20:16,300
Rob BOWDEN: Hivyo rm * -

435
00:20:16,300 --> 00:20:17,700

436
00:20:17,700 --> 00:20:22,300
>> ALLISON: Swali lilikuwa nini
Tofauti kati ya rm, rf, na rm *.

437
00:20:22,300 --> 00:20:23,750

438
00:20:23,750 --> 00:20:25,950
>> Rob BOWDEN: Hivyo rm *.

439
00:20:25,950 --> 00:20:31,910
Nyota katika njia ujumla yote ya
yaliyomo ya directory hii.

440
00:20:31,910 --> 00:20:33,540

441
00:20:33,540 --> 00:20:35,540
Kujaribu kufikiri ya nyingine
njia ya kuonyesha nyota.

442
00:20:35,540 --> 00:20:38,280

443
00:20:38,280 --> 00:20:44,780
Naam, nyota kweli ujumla
ina maana mechi yoyote mfano.

444
00:20:44,780 --> 00:20:54,930
Hivyo kama nina faili inayoitwa dog1,
kugusa dog2, kugusa cat1, kugusa cat2.

445
00:20:54,930 --> 00:20:56,050

446
00:20:56,050 --> 00:21:02,110
Hivyo ls * 1 ni kwenda magazeti cat1 na
dog1, kwa sababu kwamba nyota zinaweza kujazwa

447
00:21:02,110 --> 00:21:06,270
katika with-- mtu anahitaji kuwa huko,
lakini nyota inaweza kuwa ama paka au mbwa.

448
00:21:06,270 --> 00:21:07,247
Ni kadi ya pori.

449
00:21:07,247 --> 00:21:08,580
Hiyo ni neno mimi nina kuangalia kwa.

450
00:21:08,580 --> 00:21:09,120
Pori kadi.

451
00:21:09,120 --> 00:21:10,180

452
00:21:10,180 --> 00:21:13,960
Au mimi naweza LS mbwa *, na
Mimi got kuona dog1, dog2.

453
00:21:13,960 --> 00:21:16,870
Hivyo wale ni kuorodhesha files
wanaofanana mfano kwamba fulani.

454
00:21:16,870 --> 00:21:18,150
Unaweza kutumia ls kwa njia hii.

455
00:21:18,150 --> 00:21:19,350

456
00:21:19,350 --> 00:21:22,020
>> Ls * nyota mechi ya kitu chochote.

457
00:21:22,020 --> 00:21:25,710
Hivyo ni kwenda magazeti yote ya
yaliyomo ya directory hii

458
00:21:25,710 --> 00:21:27,290
tangu wote mechi.

459
00:21:27,290 --> 00:21:30,130
Ni si kwenda na magazeti chochote
katika directories ngazi ya juu.

460
00:21:30,130 --> 00:21:38,680
Kama mimi na ndogo directory, foo, na
kugusa 1 2 3-- hivyo sasa kama rm * nyota,

461
00:21:38,680 --> 00:21:41,450
kuondoa cat1, cat2, dog1, dog2.

462
00:21:41,450 --> 00:21:42,340
Hawezi kuondoa foo.

463
00:21:42,340 --> 00:21:43,090
Ni directory.

464
00:21:43,090 --> 00:21:43,920

465
00:21:43,920 --> 00:21:50,340
>> Hivyo nyota expands wote
files katika directory.

466
00:21:50,340 --> 00:21:55,210
Basi kitaalam rm * ni kama kusema
rm cat1, cat2, dog1, dog2, foo.

467
00:21:55,210 --> 00:22:03,630
Wakati rm -rf, kitaalam nyota ingekuwa
kukamilisha kile tunataka, lakini rm -rf--

468
00:22:03,630 --> 00:22:06,090
kama mimi kwenda nje ya hii
directory, rm -rf temp,

469
00:22:06,090 --> 00:22:08,890
hiyo ni kwenda kwenda katika temp na
recursively kuondoa kila kitu.

470
00:22:08,890 --> 00:22:11,260

471
00:22:11,260 --> 00:22:21,060
>> Hivyo nyota ni tofauti katika kwamba
inaeleweka by-- hivyo jambo hili

472
00:22:21,060 --> 00:22:25,090
kwamba mimi nina mbio katika, jambo hili
kwamba ni kusababisha mimi kwa amri

473
00:22:25,090 --> 00:22:28,770
na kisha utekelezaji na kufanya
nao, mimi wito huu ganda yangu.

474
00:22:28,770 --> 00:22:31,930
Na hivyo ganda hii ni yenyewe mpango.

475
00:22:31,930 --> 00:22:35,010
Na kama nilitaka, mimi
inaweza kukimbia katika / bin / bash.

476
00:22:35,010 --> 00:22:36,930
ganda inaitwa bash.

477
00:22:36,930 --> 00:22:39,340
Na sasa sisi taarifa kitu
ina kidogo iliyopita,

478
00:22:39,340 --> 00:22:42,200
na kwamba kwa sababu ya mazingira yangu kwa
ganda ni tofauti.

479
00:22:42,200 --> 00:22:45,415
>> Lakini sasa mimi nina kitaalam mbio
ganda ndani ya ganda yangu ya awali,

480
00:22:45,415 --> 00:22:49,570
na siwezi exit kwamba ganda, na sasa
Mimi nina nyuma yangu ganda ngazi ya juu.

481
00:22:49,570 --> 00:22:55,240
Madhumuni ya kusema
kwamba is-- nyota.

482
00:22:55,240 --> 00:22:59,020
Hivyo nyota ni kitu
kueleweka kwa bash.

483
00:22:59,020 --> 00:23:04,260
Hivyo rm -rf, -rf bendera ni
kueleweka kwa tu rm.

484
00:23:04,260 --> 00:23:06,380
Ni anajua kwamba wakati
kupita -rf kwamba

485
00:23:06,380 --> 00:23:09,520
unataka kwa recursively kuondoa
mafaili yote bila kusababisha.

486
00:23:09,520 --> 00:23:13,960
nyota ni kitu kueleweka
na bash kwamba unaposema rm *,

487
00:23:13,960 --> 00:23:16,890
bash si kwenda kusema
hey rm *, kuondoa nyota.

488
00:23:16,890 --> 00:23:21,010
Bash ni kwenda kusema rm *
kuondoa cat1, cat2, dog1, dog2.

489
00:23:21,010 --> 00:23:24,305
Ni moja kwa moja kwenda kupanua
wote wa files katika directory.

490
00:23:24,305 --> 00:23:29,100

491
00:23:29,100 --> 00:23:33,140
>> Na vile vile tilde ni mwingine
ishara kwamba bash anaelewa.

492
00:23:33,140 --> 00:23:37,130
Baada ya kusema cd ~, bash expands
kwamba nyumbani saraka yako.

493
00:23:37,130 --> 00:23:38,910

494
00:23:38,910 --> 00:23:40,210
Maswali mengine hadi sasa?

495
00:23:40,210 --> 00:23:42,760

496
00:23:42,760 --> 00:23:46,060
OK hivyo tunakwenda kuanza kwenda haraka.

497
00:23:46,060 --> 00:23:47,700

498
00:23:47,700 --> 00:23:48,545
>> Tab kukamilika.

499
00:23:48,545 --> 00:23:49,670
Tu kutupa huko nje.

500
00:23:49,670 --> 00:23:51,530
mengi ya watu kufanya si
kutambua hili lipo.

501
00:23:51,530 --> 00:23:55,060
Hivyo kama mimi aina cd Dow, mimi
unataka kwenda katika downloads.

502
00:23:55,060 --> 00:23:56,700
Sina haja ya aina nloads.

503
00:23:56,700 --> 00:23:57,960

504
00:23:57,960 --> 00:24:00,770
Naweza tu kugonga Tab.

505
00:24:00,770 --> 00:24:03,794
Hivyo inatambua kuwa
Dow ni kiambishi kwamba

506
00:24:03,794 --> 00:24:05,710
hailingani chochote
kingine katika orodha hii,

507
00:24:05,710 --> 00:24:07,520
hivyo itakuwa kukamilisha kwamba kwa ajili yenu.

508
00:24:07,520 --> 00:24:08,610
Sasa siwezi kuingia.

509
00:24:08,610 --> 00:24:10,110
>> Mimi pia kufanya kwamba recursively.

510
00:24:10,110 --> 00:24:11,205
Hivyo mkdir foo.

511
00:24:11,205 --> 00:24:12,480

512
00:24:12,480 --> 00:24:13,300
Hebu kwenda katika foo.

513
00:24:13,300 --> 00:24:14,830
mkdir bar.

514
00:24:14,830 --> 00:24:17,345
Hivyo kurejea nyumbani kwangu
directory, naona downloads.

515
00:24:17,345 --> 00:24:19,040

516
00:24:19,040 --> 00:24:21,860
Sasa kupiga tab tena,
moja kwa moja kwenda kujaza katika foo.

517
00:24:21,860 --> 00:24:22,880
Ni directory tu.

518
00:24:22,880 --> 00:24:25,340
Kupiga tab tena, moja kwa moja
kwenda kujaza katika bar.

519
00:24:25,340 --> 00:24:26,798
Hivyo sasa mimi nina katika (~ Mkono / foo / bar).

520
00:24:26,798 --> 00:24:27,310

521
00:24:27,310 --> 00:24:31,692
>> Hivyo kukamilika hii tab,
wakati mimi got masaa ya ofisi,

522
00:24:31,692 --> 00:24:33,400
na mimi nina amesimama juu ya
bega mtu,

523
00:24:33,400 --> 00:24:40,470
na wao wanaenda rm
D-O-W-N-L-O-A-D-S, nina kufa.

524
00:24:40,470 --> 00:24:41,990
Tab tu, tab, tab, tab.

525
00:24:41,990 --> 00:24:44,550

526
00:24:44,550 --> 00:24:45,630
Hivyo dhahiri kutumika tab.

527
00:24:45,630 --> 00:24:47,890

528
00:24:47,890 --> 00:24:49,840
Na vile vile juu na
chini, mengi ya watu

529
00:24:49,840 --> 00:24:51,930
tu kwamba kilichotokea kwa
kamwe hit juu na chini.

530
00:24:51,930 --> 00:24:54,870
Utakuwa kwenda kupitia uliopita
amri, hivyo kama wewe tu mbio kitu,

531
00:24:54,870 --> 00:24:58,300
na unataka kukimbia tena,
tu kushikilia juu mpaka kupata hiyo.

532
00:24:58,300 --> 00:24:59,870

533
00:24:59,870 --> 00:25:00,370
OK.

534
00:25:00,370 --> 00:25:01,460

535
00:25:01,460 --> 00:25:03,585
>> Hivyo haraka, baadhi ya mambo mengine.

536
00:25:03,585 --> 00:25:04,800

537
00:25:04,800 --> 00:25:05,930
Hebu kwenda nyuma katika temp.

538
00:25:05,930 --> 00:25:06,976

539
00:25:06,976 --> 00:25:08,125
Hebu kujenga baadhi ya files.

540
00:25:08,125 --> 00:25:10,480

541
00:25:10,480 --> 00:25:15,215
Hivyo katika hapa, mimi nina tu
kwenda kuorodhesha baadhi ya maneno.

542
00:25:15,215 --> 00:25:18,460

543
00:25:18,460 --> 00:25:21,035
mbwa, paka, meow.

544
00:25:21,035 --> 00:25:23,940

545
00:25:23,940 --> 00:25:26,040
Hebu kufanya mbwa, samaki.

546
00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:27,500

547
00:25:27,500 --> 00:25:32,320
Hivyo sasa rep ni sana
amri muhimu kwamba wewe

548
00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:37,820
kutumia kutafuta hela
files kwa maandishi fulani,

549
00:25:37,820 --> 00:25:40,910
na kitaalam unaweza kufanya kweli
maneno tata kwa kuwa na mechi.

550
00:25:40,910 --> 00:25:44,830
>> Hivyo hapa, kama mimi grep, na kile
mimi nataka kutafuta?

551
00:25:44,830 --> 00:25:49,130
Hebu kusema mimi nina kwa ajili ya kutafuta paka, na
Nataka kutafuta wote wa files haya.

552
00:25:49,130 --> 00:25:50,650
Hivyo ni jinsi gani mimi kufanya yote ya mafaili haya?

553
00:25:50,650 --> 00:25:51,900
Star.

554
00:25:51,900 --> 00:25:54,939
Hivyo katika faili moja, nina paka.

555
00:25:54,939 --> 00:25:56,980
Mimi labda inaweza kuwa
kuitwa ni kitu bora,

556
00:25:56,980 --> 00:25:59,063
sababu kwamba inaonekana kama
namba line au kitu.

557
00:25:59,063 --> 00:26:01,590
Lakini katika faili moja nina sambamba na paka.

558
00:26:01,590 --> 00:26:04,160
Katika faili mbili nina sambamba na paka.

559
00:26:04,160 --> 00:26:07,280
Hivyo sasa siwezi kuangalia ndani ya faili moja na
kuona oh yeah, kwamba faili alikuwa na paka.

560
00:26:07,280 --> 00:26:10,210
Ilani ya faili tatu ilikuwa si kuendana
kwa sababu paka si huko.

561
00:26:10,210 --> 00:26:13,882
Siwezi grep kwa meow.

562
00:26:13,882 --> 00:26:14,840
Faili mbili tu ina meow.

563
00:26:14,840 --> 00:26:16,120

564
00:26:16,120 --> 00:26:20,640
>> Hivyo hii unaweza kuchanganya,
tena, na r, ambayo

565
00:26:20,640 --> 00:26:23,580
kama nilivyosema kabla
mara nyingi ina maana ya kujirudia.

566
00:26:23,580 --> 00:26:29,800
Na hivyo siwezi kuja hapa, grep r
kwa mfano yoyote of-- hebu hariri

567
00:26:29,800 --> 00:26:32,010
hii moja tu kutupa paka huko.

568
00:26:32,010 --> 00:26:38,800
Hivyo grep r kwa mfano yoyote ya
paka katika orodha hii.

569
00:26:38,800 --> 00:26:41,600
Na itakuwa recursively
kutafuta subdirectories yoyote.

570
00:26:41,600 --> 00:26:43,940
Hivyo katika bazi, kuna paka.

571
00:26:43,940 --> 00:26:45,570
Katika temp / 2, kuna paka.

572
00:26:45,570 --> 00:26:47,960
Na katika temp / 1 kuna paka.

573
00:26:47,960 --> 00:26:50,045
Hivyo hiyo ni kutafuta ndani ya files.

574
00:26:50,045 --> 00:26:51,250

575
00:26:51,250 --> 00:26:55,090
>> Sasa unaweza pia kutumia kupata.

576
00:26:55,090 --> 00:26:59,640
Na hivyo kupata ni hasa kuhusu
kuangalia kwa files na jina aliyopewa.

577
00:26:59,640 --> 00:27:02,490
Basi hebu kufanya baadhi ya zaidi.

578
00:27:02,490 --> 00:27:03,660
Hebu kwenda katika downloads.

579
00:27:03,660 --> 00:27:04,680

580
00:27:04,680 --> 00:27:05,380
Kugusa dog1.

581
00:27:05,380 --> 00:27:06,840

582
00:27:06,840 --> 00:27:07,770
Kugusa cat2.

583
00:27:07,770 --> 00:27:09,290

584
00:27:09,290 --> 00:27:10,760
Kugusa cat_dog.

585
00:27:10,760 --> 00:27:14,550

586
00:27:14,550 --> 00:27:15,975
Kugusa catcat.

587
00:27:15,975 --> 00:27:18,270

588
00:27:18,270 --> 00:27:23,810
>> Hivyo nataka kupata kila
files na mbwa katika jina.

589
00:27:23,810 --> 00:27:28,060
Hivyo kupata, na kwa muda mrefu zaidi
wakati mimi kamwe ikumbukwe

590
00:27:28,060 --> 00:27:33,760
jinsi kupata kazi, mpaka mimi hatimaye
kusoma kitu kwamba alifanya hivyo wazi.

591
00:27:33,760 --> 00:27:35,784
Hivyo kupata, moja kwa moja kujirudia.

592
00:27:35,784 --> 00:27:36,950
Huna haja ya kupita r.

593
00:27:36,950 --> 00:27:38,090

594
00:27:38,090 --> 00:27:39,110
Hivyo kupata dot.

595
00:27:39,110 --> 00:27:40,750
Sisi si aliongea kuhusu nukta bado.

596
00:27:40,750 --> 00:27:44,800
Wakati dot dot daima
ina maana moja directory up.

597
00:27:44,800 --> 00:27:46,960
Dot daima maana saraka ya sasa.

598
00:27:46,960 --> 00:27:51,390
Ili niweze Rm r dot katika
njia sawa naweza Rm -rf *.

599
00:27:51,390 --> 00:27:53,140
Hatimaye wao
kukamilisha kitu kimoja.

600
00:27:53,140 --> 00:27:56,040
rm -rf dot ni kwenda kuondoa
nzima directory sasa.

601
00:27:56,040 --> 00:27:57,440

602
00:27:57,440 --> 00:27:59,680
>> OK, ambayo sitaki kufanya huko.

603
00:27:59,680 --> 00:28:01,490

604
00:28:01,490 --> 00:28:04,320
Lakini kupata dot.

605
00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:07,920
Hivyo recursively kutafuta sasa
directory, na sasa kila kitu

606
00:28:07,920 --> 00:28:14,125
baada ya hii ni rundo la bendera kwamba wewe
kutumia kuwatenga mambo kutoka kurudi.

607
00:28:14,125 --> 00:28:17,250
Hivyo kupata dot anarudi kila kitu kwamba
Unaweza kupata kutoka directory sasa.

608
00:28:17,250 --> 00:28:19,700
Wale ni mafaili yote
recursively kutafuta.

609
00:28:19,700 --> 00:28:21,250
Tutaweza kuona baadhi ya wale katika pili.

610
00:28:21,250 --> 00:28:23,150

611
00:28:23,150 --> 00:28:27,140
>> Lakini katika kesi wewe wanashangaa jinsi mimi kufanya
kwamba, hivyo amri K, angalau sana

612
00:28:27,140 --> 00:28:29,660
katika terminal yangu katika Mac clears yake.

613
00:28:29,660 --> 00:28:34,660
Kudhibiti L ujumla clears
ni kwa ajili ya aina yoyote ya wastaafu.

614
00:28:34,660 --> 00:28:36,480
Unaweza pia aina ya wazi.

615
00:28:36,480 --> 00:28:38,410
Na kama wewe milele kupata
ndani ya scenario-- weird

616
00:28:38,410 --> 00:28:42,790
ni kilichotokea kwangu wanandoa time--
ambapo rangi ya papo kwa yako

617
00:28:42,790 --> 00:28:46,590
wote messed up, au
si uwezo wa kuona kitu chochote

618
00:28:46,590 --> 00:28:51,232
kuwa typed wakati wewe ni kuandika, kwa sababu
wakati mwingine kama rangi ya asili ni kuweka

619
00:28:51,232 --> 00:28:53,940
sawa rangi foreground
na sasa unaweza kuona fonts.

620
00:28:53,940 --> 00:28:55,110

621
00:28:55,110 --> 00:28:59,830
Rudisha ni kitu ambacho tu resets
wewe default nyeusi background,

622
00:28:59,830 --> 00:29:01,840
nyeupe mbele, au chochote
kuweka yao.

623
00:29:01,840 --> 00:29:03,390

624
00:29:03,390 --> 00:29:04,790
>> Hivyo ambapo walikuwa sisi?

625
00:29:04,790 --> 00:29:05,930
Kupata dot.

626
00:29:05,930 --> 00:29:09,360
Hivyo sasa kila kitu nyuma hii
hatua inapinga matokeo

627
00:29:09,360 --> 00:29:11,450
kitu ambacho mechi
mfano huo.

628
00:29:11,450 --> 00:29:16,110
Hivyo hapa nataka kutafuta
kila kitu kwa jina paka.

629
00:29:16,110 --> 00:29:17,300
I got chochote.

630
00:29:17,300 --> 00:29:18,390
Kwa nini ni kwamba kesi?

631
00:29:18,390 --> 00:29:21,230
Naam, mimi nina tu kwa ajili ya kutafuta
kitu na hasa jina paka.

632
00:29:21,230 --> 00:29:25,150
Kama nataka kutafuta kitu
ambayo ina baadhi ya muundo, na cat--

633
00:29:25,150 --> 00:29:28,890
quotes kitaalam si lazima,
lakini nina kutupa yao huko.

634
00:29:28,890 --> 00:29:32,720
Hivyo sasa anaona catcat sababu
hiyo ni jambo tu kwamba

635
00:29:32,720 --> 00:29:36,040
ina baadhi holela
mfano ikifuatiwa na paka.

636
00:29:36,040 --> 00:29:41,950
Siwezi kuweka paka *, na sasa
kupata catcat, cat_dog, cat2,

637
00:29:41,950 --> 00:29:45,245
kwa sababu wale ni mambo yote na paka
mwanzoni ikifuatiwa na kitu chochote.

638
00:29:45,245 --> 00:29:46,120
Unaweza kuchanganya huu.

639
00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:50,480
Kama unataka kutafuta mafaili yote C
kwamba una, unaweza kufanya * c.

640
00:29:50,480 --> 00:29:51,960
Tuna blah.c hapa.

641
00:29:51,960 --> 00:29:53,000

642
00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:55,020
Hivyo hiyo ni kupata kazi.

643
00:29:55,020 --> 00:29:55,770
Unaweza kutafuta.

644
00:29:55,770 --> 00:29:58,270
Ina rundo zima la bendera
kwa vikwazo zaidi.

645
00:29:58,270 --> 00:30:00,960
Na moja juu yao, hebu kusema -D.

646
00:30:00,960 --> 00:30:02,110

647
00:30:02,110 --> 00:30:04,435
Hivyo imepungua thamani.

648
00:30:04,435 --> 00:30:05,425

649
00:30:05,425 --> 00:30:06,550
Oh, kwamba si nini nataka.

650
00:30:06,550 --> 00:30:07,730
Si -D.

651
00:30:07,730 --> 00:30:08,860
Aina d.

652
00:30:08,860 --> 00:30:13,820
Hivyo kupata dot - aina d.

653
00:30:13,820 --> 00:30:17,760
Hivyo kile kwamba tu alifanya ni mimi nina kutafuta
kwa mafaili yote katika saraka ya sasa

654
00:30:17,760 --> 00:30:21,680
na a-- d anasimama kwa
directory-- directory aina.

655
00:30:21,680 --> 00:30:24,430
Hii anarudi directories wote
katika saraka ya sasa.

656
00:30:24,430 --> 00:30:27,670
Na aina F ni wote mara kwa mara
files, directories yote yasiyo.

657
00:30:27,670 --> 00:30:29,809
Ili tu
mfano wa njia nyingine

658
00:30:29,809 --> 00:30:32,350
wanaweza kuzuia search nyingine
kuliko tu jina la faili.

659
00:30:32,350 --> 00:30:34,126

660
00:30:34,126 --> 00:30:35,570
>> Imekuwa ni dakika 30.

661
00:30:35,570 --> 00:30:36,848
Bado kwenda.

662
00:30:36,848 --> 00:30:38,132
>> ALLISON: Mimi itabidi breeze kupitia.

663
00:30:38,132 --> 00:30:39,670
Utakuwa faini.

664
00:30:39,670 --> 00:30:41,460
>> Rob BOWDEN: Hivyo baadhi ya mambo mengine.

665
00:30:41,460 --> 00:30:45,700
Sasa bang, Moderators chapa.

666
00:30:45,700 --> 00:30:50,530
Hivyo kwamba kwa ujumla means--
vizuri, hebu angalia mfano.

667
00:30:50,530 --> 00:30:52,230
Hivyo! F, nini ni kwamba kwenda kufanya?

668
00:30:52,230 --> 00:30:53,520

669
00:30:53,520 --> 00:30:57,810
Vizuri inaonekana kuwa
mara kwa mara kupata dot -Type f.

670
00:30:57,810 --> 00:30:59,240
Nini kuhusu! G?

671
00:30:59,240 --> 00:31:00,760
Kwamba tu grep r paka *.

672
00:31:00,760 --> 00:31:02,010

673
00:31:02,010 --> 00:31:05,720
Hivyo bang unaweza kutumia kurudia
Hivi karibuni amefanya amri.

674
00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:13,280
Hivyo kama mimi aina! Gre, ni kwenda re-kukimbia
amri ambayo ilianza na gre zaidi

675
00:31:13,280 --> 00:31:14,060
hivi karibuni.

676
00:31:14,060 --> 00:31:17,090
>> Na unaweza kuona haya yote
amri na historia.

677
00:31:17,090 --> 00:31:17,880
Hivyo historia.

678
00:31:17,880 --> 00:31:19,630
Haya yote ni
amri nimekuwa kukimbia leo.

679
00:31:19,630 --> 00:31:21,089

680
00:31:21,089 --> 00:31:23,130
Na pia, ni si halisi
vikwazo kwa leo,

681
00:31:23,130 --> 00:31:25,180
lakini nimekuwa tu kutumika hii
appliance kama ya leo.

682
00:31:25,180 --> 00:31:28,730
Ni ukamilifu yako ya
historia ya bash ganda yako,

683
00:31:28,730 --> 00:31:30,433
isipokuwa kupunguzwa mbali katika baadhi ya uhakika.

684
00:31:30,433 --> 00:31:33,474
Watazamaji: Nini kinatokea kama wewe kufanya
historia [inaudible] amri na makosa

685
00:31:33,474 --> 00:31:35,430
katika matokeo bado magazeti the--

686
00:31:35,430 --> 00:31:44,110
>> Rob BOWDEN: Yeah, kama kuna
kosa katika moja ya commands-- haya

687
00:31:44,110 --> 00:31:48,090
hivyo hebu kusema, kwamba ni
Kosa amri halikupatikana.

688
00:31:48,090 --> 00:31:49,312

689
00:31:49,312 --> 00:31:50,520
Bado inaonekana katika historia.

690
00:31:50,520 --> 00:31:52,620

691
00:31:52,620 --> 00:31:53,170
Wote haki.

692
00:31:53,170 --> 00:31:54,750

693
00:31:54,750 --> 00:31:56,040
Maswali mengine juu ya kitu chochote?

694
00:31:56,040 --> 00:31:58,760

695
00:31:58,760 --> 00:32:00,300
Hivyo hiyo ni bang.

696
00:32:00,300 --> 00:32:04,230
>> Sasa, amri muhimu kweli kweli, mtu.

697
00:32:04,230 --> 00:32:07,750
Hivyo kwamba anatoa
mwongozo kwa amri aliyopewa.

698
00:32:07,750 --> 00:32:11,640
Basi hebu kusema mtu ls, hivyo
hii ni kuonyesha mimi ls.

699
00:32:11,640 --> 00:32:13,400
Ni orodha ya yaliyomo directory.

700
00:32:13,400 --> 00:32:17,150
Na hii ni mahali ambapo mimi kuona kwamba kuna
ni haya bendera mbalimbali ambazo zipo.

701
00:32:17,150 --> 00:32:21,340
Hivyo tunaona kwamba LS-l ipo
kama tulikuwa kusoma hiyo. ls-l

702
00:32:21,340 --> 00:32:26,150
anitiaye orodha hii kamili ya
directory na ambaye anamiliki faili,

703
00:32:26,150 --> 00:32:29,750
ukubwa wa faili,
iliyopita timestamp.

704
00:32:29,750 --> 00:32:31,130

705
00:32:31,130 --> 00:32:34,980
Hivyo ls kinacho ni mtu mwingine kwamba huenda
kweli matumizi fulani mara kwa mara.

706
00:32:34,980 --> 00:32:38,130
-al ni wangu bendera ya kawaida ls hii iliyopita.

707
00:32:38,130 --> 00:32:42,520
>> Hivyo kinacho, taarifa kuna mengi
mafaili zaidi ya ls tu.

708
00:32:42,520 --> 00:32:44,170
ls kinacho.

709
00:32:44,170 --> 00:32:46,170
Nini katika kawaida na mafaili yote haya?

710
00:32:46,170 --> 00:32:47,790
Wao kuanza na dot.

711
00:32:47,790 --> 00:32:54,710
Hivyo hii ni mkataba katika Linux kwamba
files yanayoanza kwa dot ni siri.

712
00:32:54,710 --> 00:32:58,330
Hivyo tu ina maana kwamba
wakati sisi tu ls sawa,

713
00:32:58,330 --> 00:33:04,170
au sisi ni kutafuta directory hii kwa kutumia
finder sawa, au Windows

714
00:33:04,170 --> 00:33:07,250
Explorer sawa, kwamba sisi
hawataki kuona dot files haya.

715
00:33:07,250 --> 00:33:09,680
Wao tu kuchafua mtazamo wa mambo.

716
00:33:09,680 --> 00:33:11,790
Hivyo ni siri
isipokuwa hasa

717
00:33:11,790 --> 00:33:14,250
kuwaomba na kitu kama ambacho ni.

718
00:33:14,250 --> 00:33:18,920
Hivyo naweza cd ndani ya .local, na mimi kuona
kwamba ni yenyewe directory na

719
00:33:18,920 --> 00:33:22,220
directory ya pamoja, na
maombi, na blah blah blah.

720
00:33:22,220 --> 00:33:24,520
Hivyo dot, mafaili wao ni tu siri.

721
00:33:24,520 --> 00:33:26,250

722
00:33:26,250 --> 00:33:29,355
>> OK, ndio hivyo mengine muhimu.

723
00:33:29,355 --> 00:33:30,490

724
00:33:30,490 --> 00:33:32,000
Mimi kuwa wanandoa naweza ruka.

725
00:33:32,000 --> 00:33:38,160
Hebu tu halisi majadiliano haraka kuhusu
faili redirection mambo.

726
00:33:38,160 --> 00:33:43,020
Hivyo kuna nzima tata mfululizo
ya mambo unaweza kufanya na hayo,

727
00:33:43,020 --> 00:33:47,204
lakini tu kuona yao, hebu sema, echo.

728
00:33:47,204 --> 00:33:47,870
Amri nyingine.

729
00:33:47,870 --> 00:33:48,920
Kweli bubu amri.

730
00:33:48,920 --> 00:33:50,710
All yake ni magazeti gani mimi kuwaambia ni.

731
00:33:50,710 --> 00:33:52,070
Hivyo echo hello.

732
00:33:52,070 --> 00:33:53,850
Ni tu aliunga hello screen.

733
00:33:53,850 --> 00:33:55,170

734
00:33:55,170 --> 00:33:56,390
Hujambo dunia.

735
00:33:56,390 --> 00:33:57,890
Mwangwi hujambo dunia.

736
00:33:57,890 --> 00:34:02,650
>> Hivyo amri moja au moja
ishara kwamba bash anaelewa

737
00:34:02,650 --> 00:34:07,620
ni hii kubwa kuliko ishara, na
kwamba ni pato na faili ishara.

738
00:34:07,620 --> 00:34:10,940
Hivyo kama mimi pato hii
foo, kuna sasa faili

739
00:34:10,940 --> 00:34:15,100
aitwaye foo, ndani ya
ambayo ni hujambo dunia.

740
00:34:15,100 --> 00:34:18,489
Hivyo taarifa kwamba wakati mimi echo
hujambo dunia bomba katika foo,

741
00:34:18,489 --> 00:34:19,980
hakuwa echo hujambo dunia.

742
00:34:19,980 --> 00:34:22,630
Badala yake ilikuwa kuweka katika faili foo.

743
00:34:22,630 --> 00:34:25,340
Na amri nyingine tu
kutupa saa wewe, paka.

744
00:34:25,340 --> 00:34:29,191
Hiyo ni njia rahisi tu kabisa
orodha ya yaliyomo ya faili

745
00:34:29,191 --> 00:34:31,440
hivyo kwamba sina kufungua
mhariri wa maandishi kuangalia yake.

746
00:34:31,440 --> 00:34:34,159
Hivyo yaliyomo ya
foo faili ni hujambo dunia.

747
00:34:34,159 --> 00:34:38,460
Na mimi naweza paka blah.c,
yaliyomo ni hii.

748
00:34:38,460 --> 00:34:42,123
>> Tena, hizi ni amri kwamba, hawana
kutarajia una yao yote kujikumbusha.

749
00:34:42,123 --> 00:34:43,860
Wazo ni ve kuonekana yao.

750
00:34:43,860 --> 00:34:45,735
Labda wewe ni kazi
kitu, na wewe ni

751
00:34:45,735 --> 00:34:47,230
kama mimi nina mgonjwa wa kufungua faili hii.

752
00:34:47,230 --> 00:34:50,120
Nilikuwa napenda tu kuangalia
katika yaliyomo halisi ya haraka.

753
00:34:50,120 --> 00:34:52,320
Unaweza kufanya hivyo, basi
kuangalia nyuma na kusema oh mimi

754
00:34:52,320 --> 00:34:55,250
kumbuka kitu kama
kwamba ipo, na ni paka.

755
00:34:55,250 --> 00:35:00,630
>> Hivyo kwamba ni kwenda faili.

756
00:35:00,630 --> 00:35:06,639
Sasa kuna si kweli yoyote nzuri
mfano wa kusoma kutoka faili bado.

757
00:35:06,639 --> 00:35:08,930
Nini kitu kwamba inachukua
kitu kutoka kiwango katika?

758
00:35:08,930 --> 00:35:10,010

759
00:35:10,010 --> 00:35:11,544
Yoyote rahisi Linux amri?

760
00:35:11,544 --> 00:35:13,480

761
00:35:13,480 --> 00:35:16,970
Wakati sisi kupata hiyo, katika michache
wiki yote piece-- vizuri,

762
00:35:16,970 --> 00:35:20,470
wiki hii una kipande ambapo
kuanza kuchukua pembejeo kutoka kwa mtumiaji.

763
00:35:20,470 --> 00:35:23,696
Na hivyo kwa kawaida aina
kwamba pembejeo katika keyboard.

764
00:35:23,696 --> 00:35:25,570
Badala ya kuandika kwamba
pembejeo katika keyboard,

765
00:35:25,570 --> 00:35:30,950
unaweza badala bomba katika kutoka faili
hivyo kwamba wakati wewe kufanya Mario, ./mario,

766
00:35:30,950 --> 00:35:35,200
bomba katika kutoka faili wowote, na
hiyo ni kwenda kukimbia mpango Mario.

767
00:35:35,200 --> 00:35:37,300
Si kutarajia pembejeo katika
keyboard, badala ni

768
00:35:37,300 --> 00:35:39,650
tu kwenda kusoma
mistari kutoka foo faili.

769
00:35:39,650 --> 00:35:45,230
>> Hivyo zaidi kuliko foo kuiweka katika
foo faili, na chini ya foo

770
00:35:45,230 --> 00:35:50,170
inachukua mambo kutoka foo faili na
anatumia kwamba kama pembejeo kwa mpango huu.

771
00:35:50,170 --> 00:35:51,520

772
00:35:51,520 --> 00:36:00,630
Na tu kuona hivyo, tunaweza pia echo
foo bar bazi, na kisha badala ya moja

773
00:36:00,630 --> 00:36:03,850
kubwa kuliko, hebu kufanya mbili katika foo.

774
00:36:03,850 --> 00:36:05,610
Je, hiyo kufanya?

775
00:36:05,610 --> 00:36:07,180
Ni tu appends na faili.

776
00:36:07,180 --> 00:36:15,360
Hivyo badala taarifa kama mimi echo blah katika
foo na kisha paka foo, ni tu blah.

777
00:36:15,360 --> 00:36:18,285
Hivyo wakati wewe pato na faili, ni
kabisa overwrites faili hilo.

778
00:36:18,285 --> 00:36:19,330

779
00:36:19,330 --> 00:36:22,740
Kama unataka tu append,
mara mbili [? grader. ?]

780
00:36:22,740 --> 00:36:24,080
>> Na mwisho ni bomba.

781
00:36:24,080 --> 00:36:29,590
Bomba Anapata ngumu zaidi, ambapo
inachukua pato la amri moja

782
00:36:29,590 --> 00:36:32,320
na feeds ndani amri ijayo.

783
00:36:32,320 --> 00:36:36,140
Hivyo baadhi ya jambo la kawaida, historia.

784
00:36:36,140 --> 00:36:37,920
Hivyo, ugh, sitaki kuangalia hii.

785
00:36:37,920 --> 00:36:40,680

786
00:36:40,680 --> 00:36:44,485
Kuonyesha mimi amri zote katika historia yangu
ambapo mimi grep-ed kwa kitu.

787
00:36:44,485 --> 00:36:45,360
Hapana, hiyo ni utata.

788
00:36:45,360 --> 00:36:50,360
Kuonyesha mimi amri zote ambapo mimi kupata.

789
00:36:50,360 --> 00:36:52,360
Wote kupata amri mimi milele mbio.

790
00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:55,050
>> Hivyo historia.

791
00:36:55,050 --> 00:36:59,017
Sasa historia matokeo ya
screen orodha hii ya amri,

792
00:36:59,017 --> 00:37:00,850
lakini mimi sitaki
pato kwa screen.

793
00:37:00,850 --> 00:37:03,445
Badala mimi nina kwenda bomba ndani grep.

794
00:37:03,445 --> 00:37:04,790

795
00:37:04,790 --> 00:37:07,830
Basi hebu grep kwa matukio yote ya kupata.

796
00:37:07,830 --> 00:37:09,550

797
00:37:09,550 --> 00:37:17,000
Hivyo sasa badala ya kuchukua grep
pembejeo, badala of--

798
00:37:17,000 --> 00:37:24,360
grep ni uwezo wa kushughulikia kama input-- tuko
kutumia grep kidogo tofauti hapa.

799
00:37:24,360 --> 00:37:29,550
Hivyo badala ya kuandika orodha ya
mambo tulitaka kutafuta

800
00:37:29,550 --> 00:37:31,070
akasema grep ni kuchukua kama pembejeo.

801
00:37:31,070 --> 00:37:34,810
Hivyo kama mimi tu grep kupata, ni
waits kwa ajili yangu na aina ya mambo.

802
00:37:34,810 --> 00:37:37,661
Hivyo paka hujambo kupata.

803
00:37:37,661 --> 00:37:38,160
Hello.

804
00:37:38,160 --> 00:37:40,430

805
00:37:40,430 --> 00:37:40,930
Kupata.

806
00:37:40,930 --> 00:37:43,670
Taarifa kila wakati mimi aina kupata
inatambua kwamba mimi typed kupata.

807
00:37:43,670 --> 00:37:44,880

808
00:37:44,880 --> 00:37:49,540
Hivyo badala ya hii, mapenzi
files search kwa kupata.

809
00:37:49,540 --> 00:37:53,930
>> Hivyo historia sasa ni kwenda
pato orodha ya amri zote.

810
00:37:53,930 --> 00:37:55,200

811
00:37:55,200 --> 00:37:58,100
Sisi ni kuweka pato kwamba,
na sisi ni kulisha kwa grep,

812
00:37:58,100 --> 00:38:00,180
na hivyo ni kutema nje
matukio yote ya kupata.

813
00:38:00,180 --> 00:38:02,170

814
00:38:02,170 --> 00:38:05,570
Sababu mimi alisema d utata
ni kama I-- bado ni utata.

815
00:38:05,570 --> 00:38:07,030
Kama mimi grep kwa grep.

816
00:38:07,030 --> 00:38:08,755

817
00:38:08,755 --> 00:38:11,130
Taarifa ni kiasi pretty daima
kuonyesha amri Mimi tu

818
00:38:11,130 --> 00:38:15,280
mbio kwa sababu amri kwamba
yenyewe ina grep ndani yake.

819
00:38:15,280 --> 00:38:16,580

820
00:38:16,580 --> 00:38:20,674
>> OK, hivyo maswali yoyote juu ya kitu chochote?

821
00:38:20,674 --> 00:38:22,340
Na mimi itabidi kuhamisha juu katika hatua hii.

822
00:38:22,340 --> 00:38:24,690
Hopefully hii ni nzuri
maelezo ya jumla ya amri zote

823
00:38:24,690 --> 00:38:30,100
kwamba huna haja ya kuwa na
kujikumbusha, lakini hizi yanafanya

824
00:38:30,100 --> 00:38:32,950
imara 95% ya kile
kufanya katika mstari amri.

825
00:38:32,950 --> 00:38:34,310

826
00:38:34,310 --> 00:38:39,140
Pia kukumbuka kwamba mstari amri
yenyewe, bash ni lugha ya programu,

827
00:38:39,140 --> 00:38:43,070
na hivyo wakati kupata chini yake, wewe
kutaka kufanya mambo kweli tata.

828
00:38:43,070 --> 00:38:47,522
Na hivyo ina mambo kama
loops, na ikiwa na wale wote

829
00:38:47,522 --> 00:38:50,230
kwamba wewe ni kwenda kupata kutumika
na lugha yako ya programu.

830
00:38:50,230 --> 00:38:53,660
Lakini hiyo ni zaidi ya
wigo wa sehemu hii.

831
00:38:53,660 --> 00:38:55,520

832
00:38:55,520 --> 00:38:56,985
OK, hivyo hakuna maswali?

833
00:38:56,985 --> 00:38:57,940

834
00:38:57,940 --> 00:38:58,523
ALLISON: Hakuna?

835
00:38:58,523 --> 00:38:59,450
GABRIEL: Je, wewe kwenda to--

836
00:38:59,450 --> 00:39:01,158
ALLISON: Mimi anaweza kufanya hivyo
kuhusu mgodi kama unataka.

837
00:39:01,158 --> 00:39:02,626
Tunaweza kuona nini kinatokea.

838
00:39:02,626 --> 00:39:03,750
Rob BOWDEN: Off Allison.

839
00:39:03,750 --> 00:39:05,090
ALLISON: Woo.

840
00:39:05,090 --> 00:39:07,504
Wewe ni kitendo ngumu kufuata, Rob.

841
00:39:07,504 --> 00:39:08,920
Je, unataka mimi kubadili na wewe?

842
00:39:08,920 --> 00:39:10,246
Au wewe got, OK.

843
00:39:10,246 --> 00:39:13,590

844
00:39:13,590 --> 00:39:16,990
Mimi nina kwenda kujaribu na si
kabisa kuwa kama muda mrefu huko.

845
00:39:16,990 --> 00:39:20,619

846
00:39:20,619 --> 00:39:22,660
Hebu angalia kama mapenzi hii
kazi kwa njia mimi unataka kwa.

847
00:39:22,660 --> 00:39:26,170

848
00:39:26,170 --> 00:39:26,670
Labda?

849
00:39:26,670 --> 00:39:27,760

850
00:39:27,760 --> 00:39:28,296
Haha!

851
00:39:28,296 --> 00:39:28,796
Ndiyo.

852
00:39:28,796 --> 00:39:30,460

853
00:39:30,460 --> 00:39:34,066
>> Hivyo mimi nina kwenda tu kwa haraka sana kwenda
kupitia vigezo, tanzi, conditionals,

854
00:39:34,066 --> 00:39:35,440
na kidogo kidogo juu ya compiler.

855
00:39:35,440 --> 00:39:38,570
Kama una maswali katika
wakati wowote, tafadhali kuacha yangu.

856
00:39:38,570 --> 00:39:42,750
Haya guys mapenzi kuwakumbusha yangu ya kurudia
swali yako katika kesi mimi kusahau,

857
00:39:42,750 --> 00:39:44,210
lakini lazima kuwa mbaya sana.

858
00:39:44,210 --> 00:39:45,850
>> Hivyo vigezo, yeah.

859
00:39:45,850 --> 00:39:48,060
Sisi hatuna moja ya yako
Vipande mwanzo hapa.

860
00:39:48,060 --> 00:39:50,440
Mimi nina uhakika wengi wenu, kama
alikuwa na aina fulani ya mchezo

861
00:39:50,440 --> 00:39:53,810
kwamba iliundwa na Scratch, alikuwa
kuweka wimbo wa kitu kama alama,

862
00:39:53,810 --> 00:39:55,870
au wakati, au kitu kama hicho.

863
00:39:55,870 --> 00:39:58,080
Hivyo machungwa wale mkali
vipande kwamba sisi kuona kuna

864
00:39:58,080 --> 00:40:02,630
ni tu Scratch aina ya
vigezo, na utakuwa dhahiri

865
00:40:02,630 --> 00:40:04,640
kuwa kutumia vigezo
katika mipango yako.

866
00:40:04,640 --> 00:40:07,350
Kama huna, mimi si kweli
uhakika nini unafanya.

867
00:40:07,350 --> 00:40:09,000

868
00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:12,215
>> Lakini anyway, jambo kubwa,
kufafanua vigezo.

869
00:40:12,215 --> 00:40:13,630

870
00:40:13,630 --> 00:40:16,970
Na C kila kutofautiana ina
kuwa na aina alitangaza,

871
00:40:16,970 --> 00:40:22,090
hivyo mimi alitoa wewe sana
ujumla moja kwa juu.

872
00:40:22,090 --> 00:40:24,045
Hivyo itabidi yako
aina na kisha chochote

873
00:40:24,045 --> 00:40:25,420
kuamua kuwaita variable yako.

874
00:40:25,420 --> 00:40:27,500

875
00:40:27,500 --> 00:40:29,680
Hivyo katika kesi hii, aina
katika orodha yako kutofautiana.

876
00:40:29,680 --> 00:40:31,400
>> Tuna mifano mitatu.

877
00:40:31,400 --> 00:40:34,439
Char ya baadhi daraja,
A, ambayo ni nini

878
00:40:34,439 --> 00:40:36,230
Mimi nina uhakika wote wanataka
kupata katika darasa hili.

879
00:40:36,230 --> 00:40:37,380

880
00:40:37,380 --> 00:40:40,670
Unaweza kufafanua nyingi
vigezo kwenye mstari mmoja

881
00:40:40,670 --> 00:40:43,880
muda mrefu kama wao ni wote aina moja,
ambayo ni mfano wetu wa pili huko

882
00:40:43,880 --> 00:40:46,409
ambapo una tatu
vigezo, x, y, na z.

883
00:40:46,409 --> 00:40:47,200
Wao ni ikifungwa wote.

884
00:40:47,200 --> 00:40:49,160

885
00:40:49,160 --> 00:40:53,250
Na kisha unaweza pia, katika hii ya mwisho
mfano na int alama na idadi

886
00:40:53,250 --> 00:40:56,510
wa timu, unaweza
initialize haki yao huko.

887
00:40:56,510 --> 00:41:01,270
>> Hivyo katika mfano katikati ambapo sisi
tu kuelea wa x, y, na z,

888
00:41:01,270 --> 00:41:02,730
wale si initialized bado.

889
00:41:02,730 --> 00:41:04,140
Hawana thamani.

890
00:41:04,140 --> 00:41:05,600
Au wao kuwa na maadili ya takataka.

891
00:41:05,600 --> 00:41:07,370

892
00:41:07,370 --> 00:41:10,790
Na kama wewe kujaribu na matumizi yao,
compiler itakuwa yell saa wewe.

893
00:41:10,790 --> 00:41:14,727
Una wote wawili kutangaza na
initialize vigezo yako.

894
00:41:14,727 --> 00:41:16,310
Hivyo katika hii moja iliyopita, sisi ni kufanya wawili.

895
00:41:16,310 --> 00:41:19,320
Sisi ni kutangaza vigezo
ya alama na idadi ya timu,

896
00:41:19,320 --> 00:41:24,134
na sisi ni initializing kuwapa
nao maadili yao ya awali ya 7 na 4

897
00:41:24,134 --> 00:41:24,675
mtiririko huo.

898
00:41:24,675 --> 00:41:26,310

899
00:41:26,310 --> 00:41:27,190
Baridi.

900
00:41:27,190 --> 00:41:28,550
Kila mtu mzuri?

901
00:41:28,550 --> 00:41:29,470
Kutisha.

902
00:41:29,470 --> 00:41:31,690
>> OK, hivyo baadhi makongamano.

903
00:41:31,690 --> 00:41:35,965
Kama wewe guys kuwa na kusoma
kupitia style 50, hizi

904
00:41:35,965 --> 00:41:39,510
ni mambo tu kwamba tunatarajia kwa
wewe kutekeleza katika style yako.

905
00:41:39,510 --> 00:41:41,230
Hivyo maana ya majina.

906
00:41:41,230 --> 00:41:45,700
Kama kuanza wito mambo
tu x, y, na z, hasa

907
00:41:45,700 --> 00:41:47,902
kama wewe kupata katika lengthier
programu, wewe ni

908
00:41:47,902 --> 00:41:49,610
pengine ni kwenda
kuwachanganya mwenyewe na kuwa

909
00:41:49,610 --> 00:41:52,930
kama kile ni kutofautiana hii akimaanisha.

910
00:41:52,930 --> 00:41:55,880
Mimi sijui nini maana ya hii.

911
00:41:55,880 --> 00:41:59,280
>> Hivyo kama ni maana ya kushikilia
alama, simu yake alama.

912
00:41:59,280 --> 00:42:05,720
Kama ni maana ya kushikilia jibu baadhi
au kusababisha, kuwapa jina kama hiyo.

913
00:42:05,720 --> 00:42:09,920
Kwa loops, ambayo sisi
kupata katika katika slide ijayo,

914
00:42:09,920 --> 00:42:12,985
vigezo barua moja ni faini.

915
00:42:12,985 --> 00:42:16,033

916
00:42:16,033 --> 00:42:18,449
Rob BOWDEN: Mimi, j, na k ni
mikataba tu kwa ajili ya loops

917
00:42:18,449 --> 00:42:22,050
kwamba kila mtu anatarajia
kuitwa i, j, na k.

918
00:42:22,050 --> 00:42:26,890
Unaweza kupiga them-- naona mstari
safu au mstari wito wakati mwingine

919
00:42:26,890 --> 00:42:29,450
kwa ajili ya mbili loops Furushi, na
hilo pia ni aina ya kiwango.

920
00:42:29,450 --> 00:42:31,450
Lakini i na j ni kueleweka kabisa.

921
00:42:31,450 --> 00:42:33,670
>> ALLISON: Yeah, i na
j uko kabisa faini.

922
00:42:33,670 --> 00:42:36,250
Kwa ajili ya ufafanuzi kama
katika baadhi ya P seti yako,

923
00:42:36,250 --> 00:42:39,745
inaweza kufanya maana ya kuwa na zaidi
mambo ya maelezo katika huko tu

924
00:42:39,745 --> 00:42:40,920
kuweka wimbo wa ni.

925
00:42:40,920 --> 00:42:45,100
Lakini nadhani i, j, na k Nadhani
idadi kubwa ya sisi matumizi yote.

926
00:42:45,100 --> 00:42:46,890

927
00:42:46,890 --> 00:42:50,340
>> Rob BOWDEN: Pamoja na hayo
mikataba, hivyo style ni muhimu.

928
00:42:50,340 --> 00:42:53,520
Ni moja ya shoka nne
ambayo wewe ni hadhi,

929
00:42:53,520 --> 00:42:58,110
na ni rahisi tu kwenda juu ya
P yako kuweka mwishoni na kuhakikisha

930
00:42:58,110 --> 00:42:59,770
kwamba kuna si makosa Stylistic.

931
00:42:59,770 --> 00:43:01,742
Ili kuhakikisha wewe ni tabbing usahihi.

932
00:43:01,742 --> 00:43:03,200
Kuhakikisha vigezo yako ni jina lake.

933
00:43:03,200 --> 00:43:04,450
Kuacha baadhi ya maoni.

934
00:43:04,450 --> 00:43:06,677
Ni rahisi sana kupata pointi hizo.

935
00:43:06,677 --> 00:43:09,510
Huna kufikiria
chochote ili kupata pointi hizo.

936
00:43:09,510 --> 00:43:11,093
Huna kufikiri kitu chochote nje.

937
00:43:11,093 --> 00:43:12,640
Ni maamuzi tu ni kuangalia pretty.

938
00:43:12,640 --> 00:43:14,850
>> ALLISON: Kwa kweli, sisi
kuwa na mtindo 50, ambayo

939
00:43:14,850 --> 00:43:17,920
atakwambia ambapo wewe ni messing
up kama wewe ni messing up juu ya mtindo

940
00:43:17,920 --> 00:43:21,180
na kukuambia nini hasa
haja ya kurekebisha na jinsi unahitaji kurekebisha.

941
00:43:21,180 --> 00:43:23,900
Ni pia nzuri tu kutaja
kwamba ni sera bila shaka

942
00:43:23,900 --> 00:43:27,200
kwamba kama wewe ni katika ofisi
masaa na kanuni yako ni fujo,

943
00:43:27,200 --> 00:43:30,200
tunaweza kushuka kusaidia
you mpaka inaonekana nicer.

944
00:43:30,200 --> 00:43:34,310
Hivyo kuanza nje haki,
kuweka style thabiti,

945
00:43:34,310 --> 00:43:37,100
wewe ni pia tu kwenda kufanya
maisha yako rahisi sana nzima wakati

946
00:43:37,100 --> 00:43:38,730
wewe ni kujaribu kwenda kwa njia ya Debug.

947
00:43:38,730 --> 00:43:41,510
Kama wewe ni kujaribu kufikiri
ambapo wewe ni kukosa brace curly

948
00:43:41,510 --> 00:43:44,890
na wao ni kila mahali, wewe ni
tu kufanya maisha yako mwenyewe ngumu.

949
00:43:44,890 --> 00:43:47,217
Hivyo kuwa thabiti na style.

950
00:43:47,217 --> 00:43:48,800
Mimi ahadi utakuwa kufanya maisha yako rahisi.

951
00:43:48,800 --> 00:43:50,330
Ni itabidi kufanya maisha yetu rahisi.

952
00:43:50,330 --> 00:43:51,869
Kila mtu itakuwa furaha sana.

953
00:43:51,869 --> 00:43:52,910
Na kwamba ni nini unataka.

954
00:43:52,910 --> 00:43:54,192

955
00:43:54,192 --> 00:43:55,650
GABRIEL: daraja yako itakuwa juu.

956
00:43:55,650 --> 00:43:56,858
ALLISON: Ndiyo, na daraja yako.

957
00:43:56,858 --> 00:43:58,410

958
00:43:58,410 --> 00:44:01,930
Kama TF yako kama wewe,
huelekea kuwa nzuri.

959
00:44:01,930 --> 00:44:02,940

960
00:44:02,940 --> 00:44:05,010
Wote haki, na kisha tu
Jambo la pili hapa.

961
00:44:05,010 --> 00:44:06,300
Thabiti initializations.

962
00:44:06,300 --> 00:44:09,605
Hivyo kama tuliona, unaweza kutangaza
na initialize mambo.

963
00:44:09,605 --> 00:44:10,750

964
00:44:10,750 --> 00:44:13,180
Vigezo mbalimbali juu ya mstari huo.

965
00:44:13,180 --> 00:44:17,930
Jambo moja tungependa si
kufanya ni kutangaza baadhi ya vigezo

966
00:44:17,930 --> 00:44:21,360
na si initialize yao juu ya sawa
line ya kuwa wewe ni initializing wengine.

967
00:44:21,360 --> 00:44:23,960
>> Hivyo katika kesi kwamba alifanya
hakuna maana yoyote,

968
00:44:23,960 --> 00:44:29,050
tuna mfano hapa
ambapo sisi ni kutangaza ints

969
00:44:29,050 --> 00:44:31,180
katika vigezo ya robo
Dimes na pennies,

970
00:44:31,180 --> 00:44:34,214
lakini robo na pennies
hawana thamani ya awali.

971
00:44:34,214 --> 00:44:36,630
Sisi si initialized yao,
lakini haki ya katikati kuna

972
00:44:36,630 --> 00:44:38,600
sisi tayari initialized Dimes kwa 0.

973
00:44:38,600 --> 00:44:41,650
Hivyo ama kufanya robo, dimes, pennies.

974
00:44:41,650 --> 00:44:43,170
Au kufanya robo sawa 0.

975
00:44:43,170 --> 00:44:43,930
Dimes sawa 0.

976
00:44:43,930 --> 00:44:46,810
Pennies sawa 0, au chochote
wale maadili ya awali ni.

977
00:44:46,810 --> 00:44:49,800
>> Jambo kubwa kwa mtindo, kuwa thabiti.

978
00:44:49,800 --> 00:44:51,050
Wakati katika shaka, kuwa thabiti.

979
00:44:51,050 --> 00:44:52,129

980
00:44:52,129 --> 00:44:53,420
Lakini kufuata mtindo mwongozo wetu pia.

981
00:44:53,420 --> 00:44:54,710

982
00:44:54,710 --> 00:44:55,317
Baridi.

983
00:44:55,317 --> 00:44:56,150
Kila mtu nzuri huko?

984
00:44:56,150 --> 00:44:57,566
>> Watazamaji: wapi style mwongozo?

985
00:44:57,566 --> 00:45:00,800
ALLISON: mwongozo style
ni on-- nini tovuti?

986
00:45:00,800 --> 00:45:03,950
>> GABRIEL: Nadhani ni manual.cs50.net/--

987
00:45:03,950 --> 00:45:04,575
ALLISON: Sinema?

988
00:45:04,575 --> 00:45:05,610

989
00:45:05,610 --> 00:45:06,390
>> GABRIEL: Sinema.

990
00:45:06,390 --> 00:45:06,920
Yep.

991
00:45:06,920 --> 00:45:07,520
>> ALLISON: Ndiyo.

992
00:45:07,520 --> 00:45:10,150
Hivyo swali, ambapo ni style 50.

993
00:45:10,150 --> 00:45:12,250
manual.cs50.net/style.

994
00:45:12,250 --> 00:45:13,639
Ndiyo?

995
00:45:13,639 --> 00:45:16,880
>> Watazamaji: Kama sisi ni kufafanua
vigezo, ni sawa

996
00:45:16,880 --> 00:45:28,145
kama sisi kuweka kama [inaudible] kama
int alama na kisha int lengo.

997
00:45:28,145 --> 00:45:29,873

998
00:45:29,873 --> 00:45:35,100
Hivyo unaweza kusema kwamba sasa tumekuwa
got kufafanua yao pamoja?

999
00:45:35,100 --> 00:45:37,640
>> ALLISON: Hivyo swali, lazima
una redundant kificho

1000
00:45:37,640 --> 00:45:40,940
wakati wewe ni kufafanua
vigezo kama vile int alama na

1001
00:45:40,940 --> 00:45:43,239
ijayo line int mchezo?

1002
00:45:43,239 --> 00:45:46,030
Rob BOWDEN: ni Kuna dhahiri
kesi ambapo redundant kificho ni mbaya.

1003
00:45:46,030 --> 00:45:47,738
Mimi bila kuzingatia
kwamba kanuni redundant.

1004
00:45:47,738 --> 00:45:50,970
Mimi karibu kamwe kutangaza nyingi
vigezo juu ya mstari huo milele.

1005
00:45:50,970 --> 00:45:53,736
Na kama kitu chochote, ni kwa sababu
kawaida mimi kuondoka aina fulani ya maoni

1006
00:45:53,736 --> 00:45:55,235
kueleza kile kutofautiana ni kwa.

1007
00:45:55,235 --> 00:45:57,582
Hivyo mimi itabidi kusema int alama kufyeka kufyeka.

1008
00:45:57,582 --> 00:45:59,350
Anaendelea kufuatilia chochote.

1009
00:45:59,350 --> 00:46:00,710
Katika jumla kufyeka kufyeka.

1010
00:46:00,710 --> 00:46:01,790

1011
00:46:01,790 --> 00:46:06,455
Hivyo ni grosser sana katika njia kwamba
kuziweka zote juu ya mstari huo.

1012
00:46:06,455 --> 00:46:08,080
Mimi kamwe tu kuziweka juu ya mstari huo.

1013
00:46:08,080 --> 00:46:10,580
>> ALLISON: Najisikia kama ni
upendeleo wa binafsi katika hatua hii.

1014
00:46:10,580 --> 00:46:14,900
>> Watazamaji: Je, hiyo kwenda kwa
kwa loops na mambo pia?

1015
00:46:14,900 --> 00:46:15,900
Rob BOWDEN: Kama ndani?

1016
00:46:15,900 --> 00:46:18,282
Kama int i sawa 0 comma
urefu sawa kitu?

1017
00:46:18,282 --> 00:46:19,490
Kwamba huna uchaguzi.

1018
00:46:19,490 --> 00:46:21,850

1019
00:46:21,850 --> 00:46:25,910
Na kwa loops initialization
part-- hivyo unaweza tu kuonekana

1020
00:46:25,910 --> 00:46:31,520
int i sawa 0 semicolon i chini
kuliko chochote semicolon i pamoja pamoja.

1021
00:46:31,520 --> 00:46:33,820
Kwamba int i sawa 0,
kitaalam unaweza pia

1022
00:46:33,820 --> 00:46:35,770
kufanya nini tuliona kabla ya
na comma syntax.

1023
00:46:35,770 --> 00:46:39,790
int i sawa 0 comma j
sawa 3 comma k sawa 5.

1024
00:46:39,790 --> 00:46:41,610

1025
00:46:41,610 --> 00:46:44,320
Huna uchaguzi kugawa
kuwa hadi katika mistari mingi,

1026
00:46:44,320 --> 00:46:46,530
na kwamba kiwango.

1027
00:46:46,530 --> 00:46:47,780
Kuona ni kuna faini.

1028
00:46:47,780 --> 00:46:49,182

1029
00:46:49,182 --> 00:46:49,890
ALLISON: Ajabu.

1030
00:46:49,890 --> 00:46:52,120
Naam, segue rahisi katika loops.

1031
00:46:52,120 --> 00:46:54,860

1032
00:46:54,860 --> 00:46:58,980
Hivyo yeah, hapa tuna baadhi ya mifano
ya loops kwamba wewe guys aliona katika Scratch.

1033
00:46:58,980 --> 00:47:01,550
Na bila shaka yote haya
unaweza tu kuwa recreated katika C.

1034
00:47:01,550 --> 00:47:04,610
Na wao kimsingi kuruhusu
kurudia sehemu fulani ya kificho

1035
00:47:04,610 --> 00:47:06,740
mpaka hali fulani
ni alikutana, ambayo tutaweza

1036
00:47:06,740 --> 00:47:09,198
kupata katika haki baada ya kuzungumza
kuhusu loops na conditionals.

1037
00:47:09,198 --> 00:47:11,150

1038
00:47:11,150 --> 00:47:12,570
>> Hivyo tuna aina tatu kuu.

1039
00:47:12,570 --> 00:47:17,500
Kwa wakati, na kufanya wakati, ambayo
sisi wote kwenda kwa njia ya haki ya sasa.

1040
00:47:17,500 --> 00:47:18,860
Hivyo moja ya kwanza ni kwa ajili ya loops.

1041
00:47:18,860 --> 00:47:20,490

1042
00:47:20,490 --> 00:47:25,034
Hivyo kwa baadhi ya hali,
nitafanya hii ya kuzuia wa kanuni.

1043
00:47:25,034 --> 00:47:27,200
Sisi tuna hii kidogo baridi
mchoro hapa chini.

1044
00:47:27,200 --> 00:47:28,230

1045
00:47:28,230 --> 00:47:32,310
Lakini kimsingi una katika
kwa yako, kwamba mstari wa kwanza,

1046
00:47:32,310 --> 00:47:34,240
wewe kwenda
initialize vigezo yako.

1047
00:47:34,240 --> 00:47:38,260
>> Hivyo kama sisi aliyesema kuhusu, i ni
sawa na 0 au i ni sawa na 10.

1048
00:47:38,260 --> 00:47:40,010
Chochote haja ya kuwa
kutofautiana kuwa ni

1049
00:47:40,010 --> 00:47:43,970
kwenda kuwa initialized huko,
alitangaza na initialized kwa baadhi ya thamani.

1050
00:47:43,970 --> 00:47:46,760
Hivyo basi tuna baadhi
hali hiyo ni kwenda

1051
00:47:46,760 --> 00:47:48,900
kuwa kuangalia wetu
kutofautiana dhidi ya kitu fulani.

1052
00:47:48,900 --> 00:47:55,220
Hivyo katika kesi ya kawaida kesi ambapo
labda unataka sehemu hii ya kificho

1053
00:47:55,220 --> 00:47:56,620
kutekeleza mara tano.

1054
00:47:56,620 --> 00:48:02,380
Hivyo tunatarajia kuwa int i sawa 0, na sisi
unataka kuwa wakati i ni chini ya 5.

1055
00:48:02,380 --> 00:48:04,940
Hivyo hali hiyo ni tu
kwenda kuangalia kwamba kila wakati.

1056
00:48:04,940 --> 00:48:07,120
Kama hali hiyo
kutathmini kwa kweli, ni

1057
00:48:07,120 --> 00:48:11,162
kwenda kukimbia kificho, ambayo ni hasa
nini mchoro huu mdogo ni kuonyesha.

1058
00:48:11,162 --> 00:48:12,370

1059
00:48:12,370 --> 00:48:13,639
>> Na hivyo executes yake.

1060
00:48:13,639 --> 00:48:15,430
Updates kutofautiana,
ambayo ni nini tunaona

1061
00:48:15,430 --> 00:48:21,020
katika sehemu ya mwisho ya kwa wetu
kitanzi initialization huko.

1062
00:48:21,020 --> 00:48:22,370

1063
00:48:22,370 --> 00:48:26,030
Hivyo itabidi kuendelea kufanya hivyo
mpaka hali ambayo si alikutana,

1064
00:48:26,030 --> 00:48:28,010
na basi itakuwa exit
kitanzi na kuendelea

1065
00:48:28,010 --> 00:48:29,960
kuhamia kwenye na wengine wa programu yako.

1066
00:48:29,960 --> 00:48:31,320

1067
00:48:31,320 --> 00:48:33,620
Kila mtu nzuri huko?

1068
00:48:33,620 --> 00:48:34,440
Baridi.

1069
00:48:34,440 --> 00:48:37,780
>> Hivyo hapa ni mfano, ni sawa
kwa kitu ambacho mimi tu kuongelea.

1070
00:48:37,780 --> 00:48:42,030
Hivyo sisi tu unataka magazeti
hii ni CS50 mara 10.

1071
00:48:42,030 --> 00:48:44,540
Hivyo unaweza kuona hapa tuna
kwa yetu, na kisha sisi

1072
00:48:44,540 --> 00:48:47,450
initialize variable
i kuwa sawa na 0.

1073
00:48:47,450 --> 00:48:50,610
Hali yetu ni kuangalia
kuwa ni chini ya 10.

1074
00:48:50,610 --> 00:48:55,210
Hivyo kutathmini kwa kweli wakati sisi kwanza
kuanza, na kisha updates variable wetu

1075
00:48:55,210 --> 00:48:58,985
kila wakati kwamba ni kweli executes
na prints nje hii ni CS50.

1076
00:48:58,985 --> 00:49:00,510

1077
00:49:00,510 --> 00:49:02,180
Na kusitisha baada ya mara 10.

1078
00:49:02,180 --> 00:49:03,190

1079
00:49:03,190 --> 00:49:04,070
Baridi.

1080
00:49:04,070 --> 00:49:07,130
>> Hivyo wakati loops ni up ijayo.

1081
00:49:07,130 --> 00:49:12,400
Na kama unaweza kuona hapa, sisi tu
baadhi ya wakati swali hili condition--?

1082
00:49:12,400 --> 00:49:15,238
>> Watazamaji: Ninawezaje kuruka
kweli si tu namba moja,

1083
00:49:15,238 --> 00:49:19,030
lakini namba mbili [inaudible]
i pamoja pamoja pamoja?

1084
00:49:19,030 --> 00:49:23,390
>> ALLISON: Hivyo swali ni jinsi gani unaweza
update kutofautiana yako kwa zaidi ya moja

1085
00:49:23,390 --> 00:49:24,070
wakati huo.

1086
00:49:24,070 --> 00:49:26,860
Hivyo i pamoja pamoja mapenzi
update na moja kila wakati.

1087
00:49:26,860 --> 00:49:32,310
Kama alitaka update na
mbili, unaweza kufanya i pamoja sawa 2.

1088
00:49:32,310 --> 00:49:34,526
>> Rob BOWDEN: Umeona
pamoja sawa katika hotuba bado?

1089
00:49:34,526 --> 00:49:35,442
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible].

1090
00:49:35,442 --> 00:49:37,440

1091
00:49:37,440 --> 00:49:42,110
>> ALLISON: Ni ufanisi
kitu sawa kama i sawa na i plus 2.

1092
00:49:42,110 --> 00:49:46,130
Hivyo ni kwenda na kuchukua na
update na mbili kila wakati.

1093
00:49:46,130 --> 00:49:49,432
Plus sawa ni tu kitu
sisi kuwaita sukari kisintaksia.

1094
00:49:49,432 --> 00:49:52,390
Rob BOWDEN: Yeah, wale kuwepo kwa
pretty much waendeshaji wote hesabu.

1095
00:49:52,390 --> 00:49:55,830
Hivyo mara i kwa sawa
ingekuwa mara mbili idadi.

1096
00:49:55,830 --> 00:50:02,590
j mgawanyiko sawa 3 ni sawa
kama j sawa j kugawanywa na 3.

1097
00:50:02,590 --> 00:50:07,399
>> ALLISON: Au minus ni sawa na 2 ingekuwa
mapunguzo i na mbili kila wakati.

1098
00:50:07,399 --> 00:50:08,565
Rob BOWDEN: Hata mod sawa.

1099
00:50:08,565 --> 00:50:09,690

1100
00:50:09,690 --> 00:50:13,270
Hawajaona waendeshaji bitwise,
lakini kareti sawa na ampersand sawa,

1101
00:50:13,270 --> 00:50:14,560
wale wote zipo.

1102
00:50:14,560 --> 00:50:19,480
>> ALLISON: Hivyo mara nyingi, hasa
na michache yako ya kwanza ya seti P,

1103
00:50:19,480 --> 00:50:22,527
wewe utakuwa pengine incrementing na
moja, hivyo i pamoja pamoja, j pamoja pamoja

1104
00:50:22,527 --> 00:50:24,610
ni mambo yote wewe kwenda
kwa kawaida kuwa kutumia.

1105
00:50:24,610 --> 00:50:28,240
Lakini kwamba hali update ni
kikamilifu ndani ya utawala wako.

1106
00:50:28,240 --> 00:50:32,310
Unaweza update na chochote nyongeza
au kwa njia yoyote kuamua.

1107
00:50:32,310 --> 00:50:33,389

1108
00:50:33,389 --> 00:50:35,680
Labda hata unataka kuwa
idadi random wakati mwingine.

1109
00:50:35,680 --> 00:50:37,180

1110
00:50:37,180 --> 00:50:39,580
Lakini ndiyo, kuna kura ya
mambo unaweza kufanya na kwamba.

1111
00:50:39,580 --> 00:50:41,280
Wewe si vikwazo kwa i pamoja pamoja.

1112
00:50:41,280 --> 00:50:44,400
>> Rob BOWDEN: Tu ili
kujua ipo, pia

1113
00:50:44,400 --> 00:50:46,960
ipo katika aina nyingine, pamoja pamoja i.

1114
00:50:46,960 --> 00:50:51,410
Hivyo kama wewe ni milele kutafuta online
na kutokea kwa kuona pamoja pamoja i,

1115
00:50:51,410 --> 00:50:52,870
pretty much ina maana kitu kimoja.

1116
00:50:52,870 --> 00:50:54,377

1117
00:50:54,377 --> 00:50:54,960
ALLISON: Baridi.

1118
00:50:54,960 --> 00:50:56,070

1119
00:50:56,070 --> 00:50:56,740
Nzuri?

1120
00:50:56,740 --> 00:50:57,240
Kutisha.

1121
00:50:57,240 --> 00:50:59,190

1122
00:50:59,190 --> 00:50:59,990
Hivyo wakati loops.

1123
00:50:59,990 --> 00:51:01,160

1124
00:51:01,160 --> 00:51:02,570
Sawa sana.

1125
00:51:02,570 --> 00:51:03,737
Una baadhi ya hali hiyo.

1126
00:51:03,737 --> 00:51:05,820
Jambo kuu taarifa
hapa ni badala ya kuwa

1127
00:51:05,820 --> 00:51:08,540
sehemu tatu tofauti
kuanzisha, tuna moja.

1128
00:51:08,540 --> 00:51:11,090
Sisi tu kuwa na baadhi ya hali ya
hiyo kuwa checked.

1129
00:51:11,090 --> 00:51:14,920
Na kwa njia hiyo hiyo, kwa muda mrefu kama
hali hiyo kutathmini kwa kweli,

1130
00:51:14,920 --> 00:51:16,840
kificho wako ni kwenda kukimbia.

1131
00:51:16,840 --> 00:51:18,870
Na kama ni uongo, ni
ataondoa, hoja

1132
00:51:18,870 --> 00:51:21,930
kwenye sehemu ya pili ya mpango wako.

1133
00:51:21,930 --> 00:51:25,780
Hivyo hii ni aina ya like-- nini
mfano mzuri wa kuangalia

1134
00:51:25,780 --> 00:51:27,215
kwa baadhi ya hali ya kawaida?

1135
00:51:27,215 --> 00:51:29,402

1136
00:51:29,402 --> 00:51:30,235
GABRIEL: Wakati ni kweli.

1137
00:51:30,235 --> 00:51:32,110
ALLISON: Unaweza kufanya wakati kweli.

1138
00:51:32,110 --> 00:51:33,510
Vizuri, 1 ni sawa na 1.

1139
00:51:33,510 --> 00:51:34,970

1140
00:51:34,970 --> 00:51:37,642
>> Rob BOWDEN: Unaweza kufanya while--
tu badala ya kutumia kwa kitanzi,

1141
00:51:37,642 --> 00:51:39,600
unaweza daima kanuni ya
kwa kitanzi katika kitanzi wakati,

1142
00:51:39,600 --> 00:51:42,600
hivyo i mkubwa kuliko 0 au
wakati i chini ya 10.

1143
00:51:42,600 --> 00:51:45,200

1144
00:51:45,200 --> 00:51:46,010
>> ALLISON: Ajabu.

1145
00:51:46,010 --> 00:51:50,640
Na kisha sisi kufanya wakati tanzi, ambayo
ni kubwa kwa mtumiaji uthibitisho, ambapo

1146
00:51:50,640 --> 00:51:55,370
unataka kupata kitu kutoka
user yako, kuona kama ni halali,

1147
00:51:55,370 --> 00:51:57,060
na kisha kuendelea kutoka huko.

1148
00:51:57,060 --> 00:52:04,000
Hivyo moja ya mambo ya kujua ni kwa
kufanya wakati ni kwamba ni kwenda kutekeleza,

1149
00:52:04,000 --> 00:52:08,000
na kisha itakuwa re-nitafanya
kama hali hii ni alikutana.

1150
00:52:08,000 --> 00:52:11,240
>> Hivyo pengine njia bora ya kufanya hivyo
ni tu kuona mfano hapa.

1151
00:52:11,240 --> 00:52:14,620
Hivyo kama mimi tu zilizotajwa, user
uthibitisho ni kweli useful--

1152
00:52:14,620 --> 00:52:17,520
au kufanya whiles ni kweli
muhimu kwa mtumiaji uthibitisho.

1153
00:52:17,520 --> 00:52:19,730
Hivyo hii ni kwenda tu
tena kuchochea baadhi ya mtumiaji

1154
00:52:19,730 --> 00:52:23,640
mpaka waingie idadi chanya,
ambayo inaweza kuwa na manufaa kwa P kuweka yako

1155
00:52:23,640 --> 00:52:24,190
wiki hii.

1156
00:52:24,190 --> 00:52:25,850

1157
00:52:25,850 --> 00:52:29,480
Na hivyo katika kesi hii, wakati sisi
awali kukimbia mpango huu,

1158
00:52:29,480 --> 00:52:32,260
ni kwenda na magazeti
kuingia idadi chanya.

1159
00:52:32,260 --> 00:52:34,810
Ni kwenda kupata baadhi
pembejeo kutoka kwa mtumiaji,

1160
00:52:34,810 --> 00:52:38,320
na basi ni kwenda kuangalia
kwamba pembejeo dhidi ya hali

1161
00:52:38,320 --> 00:52:39,500
kwamba umefanya kuweka kwa ajili yake.

1162
00:52:39,500 --> 00:52:41,030
>> Hivyo katika kesi hii ni ya kwenda kuangalia.

1163
00:52:41,030 --> 00:52:44,190
Ni kwenda kusema, sawa,
ni pembejeo yetu hasi,

1164
00:52:44,190 --> 00:52:47,175
au ni 0 au hasi,
ambayo itakuwa batili.

1165
00:52:47,175 --> 00:52:48,300
Hivyo basi itakuwa re-haraka.

1166
00:52:48,300 --> 00:52:50,280

1167
00:52:50,280 --> 00:52:50,780
Swali?

1168
00:52:50,780 --> 00:52:54,720
>> Watazamaji: Je, hii ni sawa basi kama
kitanzi wakati kama wewe tu kunakiliwa kwamba kanuni

1169
00:52:54,720 --> 00:52:56,680
na kuiweka [inaudible] kitanzi wakati?

1170
00:52:56,680 --> 00:52:59,620

1171
00:52:59,620 --> 00:53:05,160
>> ALLISON: Hivyo swali lilikuwa ingekuwa
hii kuwa sawa kama tu wakati

1172
00:53:05,160 --> 00:53:08,570
kitanzi kama sisi walikuwa tu
nakala kitanzi wakati juu.

1173
00:53:08,570 --> 00:53:12,440
Hivyo katika kesi hii, wakati wako kitanzi ni
kwenda kuangalia hali ya kwanza.

1174
00:53:12,440 --> 00:53:15,300
Hivyo katika kesi hii, kama sisi alijaribu
kuandika kama tu kitanzi wakati,

1175
00:53:15,300 --> 00:53:18,010
ingekuwa kusema wakati
pembejeo ni chini ya moja.

1176
00:53:18,010 --> 00:53:20,801
Lakini hatuna pembejeo kwa ajili yake.

1177
00:53:20,801 --> 00:53:24,238
>> Watazamaji: Kama [inaudible]
kitanzi wakati ikiwa ni pamoja na kanuni hii,

1178
00:53:24,238 --> 00:53:28,166
lakini basi coped kificho
juu ya kitanzi wakati pia.

1179
00:53:28,166 --> 00:53:31,052
Wewe tu alikuwa kificho hii
[Inaudible] kitanzi wakati.

1180
00:53:31,052 --> 00:53:32,760
ALLISON: Itakuwa
kitu kimoja, ndiyo.

1181
00:53:32,760 --> 00:53:37,110
Hivyo unaweza tu write--
badala ya kuwa ndiyo do--.

1182
00:53:37,110 --> 00:53:37,976

1183
00:53:37,976 --> 00:53:39,350
GABRIEL: Lakini hiyo ni zaidi ya kifahari.

1184
00:53:39,350 --> 00:53:41,020
ALLISON: Yeah, hiyo ni zaidi ya kifahari.

1185
00:53:41,020 --> 00:53:44,560
Unaweza kupata katika kubuni na whatnot,
lakini ndiyo, unaweza kabisa kufanya hivyo.

1186
00:53:44,560 --> 00:53:45,850

1187
00:53:45,850 --> 00:53:47,072
Yoyote maswali mengine?

1188
00:53:47,072 --> 00:53:49,240

1189
00:53:49,240 --> 00:53:50,250
OK, baridi.

1190
00:53:50,250 --> 00:53:55,540
>> Hivyo tumekuwa aliongea mengi kuhusu hali ya
na loops hizi zote kwamba tuna,

1191
00:53:55,540 --> 00:53:58,615
hivyo sisi ni kweli kupata katika
masharti katika maneno Boolean.

1192
00:53:58,615 --> 00:53:59,990

1193
00:53:59,990 --> 00:54:03,440
Tena, matumizi haya katika C,
hivyo tu aina ya mpito

1194
00:54:03,440 --> 00:54:06,050
kutoka zaidi graphic interface
kwa kweli coding.

1195
00:54:06,050 --> 00:54:07,480

1196
00:54:07,480 --> 00:54:09,100
>> Baridi, hivyo moja kubwa, kama.

1197
00:54:09,100 --> 00:54:11,130

1198
00:54:11,130 --> 00:54:17,070
Kimsingi tu inaruhusu sisi kuanzisha
baadhi ya mantiki katika mpango wetu na kuangalia

1199
00:54:17,070 --> 00:54:17,790
sys masharti.

1200
00:54:17,790 --> 00:54:22,150
Hivyo katika kesi hii, sawa,
ni mkubwa kuliko 0 n?

1201
00:54:22,150 --> 00:54:24,070
Ndiyo ni, hivyo unaweza nitafanya hili.

1202
00:54:24,070 --> 00:54:28,060
Ni kuangalia baadhi tu
masharti kwamba wameweza

1203
00:54:28,060 --> 00:54:33,565
kuweka, ambayo nadhani tuko wote
starehe na kuangalia hali ya.

1204
00:54:33,565 --> 00:54:35,975

1205
00:54:35,975 --> 00:54:36,475
Baridi.

1206
00:54:36,475 --> 00:54:38,760

1207
00:54:38,760 --> 00:54:44,530
Hivyo kama kingine ni moja yako mengine,
unaweza kusema sawa, kama hii ni kweli,

1208
00:54:44,530 --> 00:54:46,150
jambo hili kwanza.

1209
00:54:46,150 --> 00:54:48,720
Vinginevyo nataka
default na kufanya kitu kingine.

1210
00:54:48,720 --> 00:54:51,977

1211
00:54:51,977 --> 00:54:55,060
Kama katika kesi hii, wewe ama pick
idadi chanya au hasi idadi.

1212
00:54:55,060 --> 00:54:56,500
Wewe tu kuwa na chaguzi mbili.

1213
00:54:56,500 --> 00:54:59,550
Unahitaji yake kutekeleza bila kujali
nini yako user pembejeo.

1214
00:54:59,550 --> 00:55:02,920
Hivyo unaweza kusema vizuri,
ni mkubwa kuliko 0?

1215
00:55:02,920 --> 00:55:03,480
Baridi.

1216
00:55:03,480 --> 00:55:04,480
Magazeti idadi chanya.

1217
00:55:04,480 --> 00:55:06,153
Kama siyo, magazeti hasi.

1218
00:55:06,153 --> 00:55:06,960
Kila mtu mzuri?

1219
00:55:06,960 --> 00:55:14,920
>> Na kisha jambo moja kutambua ni
kwamba kama kama hali ni alikutana,

1220
00:55:14,920 --> 00:55:16,650
mwingine kamwe pia nitafanya.

1221
00:55:16,650 --> 00:55:19,210
Mmoja wa haya mapenzi tu
nitafanya wakati huo.

1222
00:55:19,210 --> 00:55:20,410
Hivyo ni biashara mbali.

1223
00:55:20,410 --> 00:55:21,720
Huwezi kupata kuwa na wote wawili.

1224
00:55:21,720 --> 00:55:23,566
Aidha una hali ya kwanza.

1225
00:55:23,566 --> 00:55:25,440
Aidha una kama
au mwingine, si wote.

1226
00:55:25,440 --> 00:55:26,849

1227
00:55:26,849 --> 00:55:28,890
Ambayo kisha inaweza kufanya mambo
hata ngumu zaidi,

1228
00:55:28,890 --> 00:55:31,060
kwa sababu unaweza kufanya kama,
mwingine, na kisha mwingine.

1229
00:55:31,060 --> 00:55:32,810
Hivyo katika kesi hii, sisi
kuwa hali ya tatu.

1230
00:55:32,810 --> 00:55:34,830

1231
00:55:34,830 --> 00:55:38,370
Na tena, moja tu kati ya hayo ni
kwenda kuishia kunyongwa.

1232
00:55:38,370 --> 00:55:41,030
Hivyo unaweza kuwa anashangaa
vizuri, nini kama wewe

1233
00:55:41,030 --> 00:55:45,510
kuwa na kitu ambacho
unaweza kukutana wawili wa haya.

1234
00:55:45,510 --> 00:55:49,520
Labda chochote wewe ni inputting
hukutana wote wawili hali

1235
00:55:49,520 --> 00:55:51,811
kwa maana kama na mwingine kama.

1236
00:55:51,811 --> 00:55:53,060
Kitu pekee ambayo inaenda kukimbia

1237
00:55:53,060 --> 00:55:56,240
>> ALLISON: Kama haraka kama anaona jambo
kwamba hukutana na hali kwa kuwa

1238
00:55:56,240 --> 00:55:59,790
kutathmini kwa kweli, kwamba ni nini
ni kwenda kukimbia na kitu kingine.

1239
00:55:59,790 --> 00:56:04,440
Hivyo kama wewe alikuwa ni idadi hii
kati ya 0 na 5 kwa moja yako ya kwanza,

1240
00:56:04,440 --> 00:56:10,530
au ni idadi huu kati ya 3
na 5 kwa mwingine kama sehemu,

1241
00:56:10,530 --> 00:56:15,550
na pembejeo number--
Mimi alisema 0 na 5 and-- 4.

1242
00:56:15,550 --> 00:56:18,110
Ni kwenda hit moja ya kwanza.

1243
00:56:18,110 --> 00:56:20,960
Ni kwenda kusema sawa, hii
idadi ni kati ya 0 na 5.

1244
00:56:20,960 --> 00:56:22,480
Kutekeleza na kuondoka.

1245
00:56:22,480 --> 00:56:25,340
Ni kamwe hit kwamba chaguo la pili.

1246
00:56:25,340 --> 00:56:26,394
Baridi?

1247
00:56:26,394 --> 00:56:27,250
Kutisha.

1248
00:56:27,250 --> 00:56:31,300
>> OK pia tuna kauli kubadili kama
unataka kupata hata more-- au pole,

1249
00:56:31,300 --> 00:56:31,965
kubadili ni ijayo.

1250
00:56:31,965 --> 00:56:33,540

1251
00:56:33,540 --> 00:56:34,990
Mimi nina kupata mbele ya mwenyewe hapa.

1252
00:56:34,990 --> 00:56:36,370

1253
00:56:36,370 --> 00:56:39,210
Tena, nyingi kama vitalu
ambapo kama mimi tu alisema

1254
00:56:39,210 --> 00:56:45,600
ni haraka kama wewe kupata hali
hiyo alikutana na An kama mwingine kama kingine,

1255
00:56:45,600 --> 00:56:46,630
majani.

1256
00:56:46,630 --> 00:56:49,560
Kama unahitaji kuangalia
mambo mbalimbali, wewe ni

1257
00:56:49,560 --> 00:56:53,000
kwenda wanataka kutumia kwa sababu hii
itakuwa kuangalia kila wakati hapa.

1258
00:56:53,000 --> 00:56:58,060
Hivyo hii itakuwa kukimbia kwa njia na kama
ni kubwa zaidi kuliko au sawa na 90,

1259
00:56:58,060 --> 00:56:59,160
ni kwenda magazeti hayo.

1260
00:56:59,160 --> 00:57:00,530

1261
00:57:00,530 --> 00:57:03,600
Na itakuwa kukimbia kwa njia na
kuangalia kila mmoja wa hawa.

1262
00:57:03,600 --> 00:57:06,444
>> Watazamaji: Hivyo hii itakuwa
zaidi kuliko Buggy [inaudible].

1263
00:57:06,444 --> 00:57:07,735
Je, hii kuwa kama [inaudible]?

1264
00:57:07,735 --> 00:57:10,990

1265
00:57:10,990 --> 00:57:15,740
>> ALLISON: swali ni gani hii kuwa
Buggy au gani hii kufanya nini unataka.

1266
00:57:15,740 --> 00:57:19,830
Ni kweli unategemea nini
unataka kutoka programu yako.

1267
00:57:19,830 --> 00:57:22,291
>> Watazamaji: I mean kama kama wewe kuweka 90 katika.

1268
00:57:22,291 --> 00:57:23,290
ALLISON: Kama kuweka 90--

1269
00:57:23,290 --> 00:57:24,206
Watazamaji: [inaudible].

1270
00:57:24,206 --> 00:57:25,584

1271
00:57:25,584 --> 00:57:27,250
GABRIEL: Wewe ni kwenda kupata mambo mawili.

1272
00:57:27,250 --> 00:57:28,916
ALLISON: Wewe ni kwenda kupata mambo mawili.

1273
00:57:28,916 --> 00:57:29,420
Ndiyo, mbili.

1274
00:57:29,420 --> 00:57:32,420

1275
00:57:32,420 --> 00:57:33,920
>> Rob BOWDEN: Mbili?

1276
00:57:33,920 --> 00:57:34,580
>> ALLISON: Hapana

1277
00:57:34,580 --> 00:57:35,288
>> Rob BOWDEN: Nne.

1278
00:57:35,288 --> 00:57:37,070

1279
00:57:37,070 --> 00:57:40,070
Kama kuweka 90, ni kwenda kusema wewe
got A, wewe got B, wewe got C,

1280
00:57:40,070 --> 00:57:40,545
wewe got D.

1281
00:57:40,545 --> 00:57:41,461
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible].

1282
00:57:41,461 --> 00:57:42,196

1283
00:57:42,196 --> 00:57:42,820
ALLISON: Haki.

1284
00:57:42,820 --> 00:57:44,778
Hivyo mimi unategemea nini
wanataka kutoka mpango.

1285
00:57:44,778 --> 00:57:47,050
Wakati mwingine unahitaji
kuangalia mambo mbalimbali.

1286
00:57:47,050 --> 00:57:49,970

1287
00:57:49,970 --> 00:57:55,270
Utasikia kupata mengi zaidi katika kile
kubuni nzuri ni kama wewe kwenda mbele.

1288
00:57:55,270 --> 00:57:57,090
Jambo muhimu
kutambua ni kwamba hii

1289
00:57:57,090 --> 00:58:01,090
kuangalia hali zote nne hapa.

1290
00:58:01,090 --> 00:58:05,860
Ambapo kama hii walikuwa kama mwingine kama mwingine
kama mwingine, ingekuwa hit kwamba kesi ya kwanza,

1291
00:58:05,860 --> 00:58:07,950
ingekuwa magazeti got A na kifanyike.

1292
00:58:07,950 --> 00:58:10,250
>> Rob BOWDEN: Hata kama sisi
aliamua kubadili hii kama

1293
00:58:10,250 --> 00:58:13,880
na zaidi au sawa na 90,
kama na zaidi au sawa na 80,

1294
00:58:13,880 --> 00:58:19,710
na chini ya au sawa na 89, kama
n kubwa zaidi kuliko au sawa na 70,

1295
00:58:19,710 --> 00:58:23,830
na n chini ya au sawa na
79, hivyo kwamba itakuwa sahihi.

1296
00:58:23,830 --> 00:58:27,190
Kwamba kufanya nini tunataka, lakini
bado hundi kila moja yake.

1297
00:58:27,190 --> 00:58:34,050
>> Hivyo ambapo katika mazingira ya kwanza, kama sisi
kuingia 90 na tu kama mwingine kama mwingine kama,

1298
00:58:34,050 --> 00:58:37,300
na sisi kuingia 90, basi
ni kwenda kusahihisha.

1299
00:58:37,300 --> 00:58:39,615
Ni kuangalia kwanza
moja, magazeti got A,

1300
00:58:39,615 --> 00:58:42,590
ruka kila kitu, kwa sababu
tayari kupatikana moja kwamba kazi.

1301
00:58:42,590 --> 00:58:46,360
Kesi zote ni pande kipekee
kulingana na kama mwingine kama mwingine kama.

1302
00:58:46,360 --> 00:58:48,630
Hivyo itabidi nitafanya
kwanza kama, basi ni kosa.

1303
00:58:48,630 --> 00:58:49,790
Kutakuwa na kwenda hadi mwisho.

1304
00:58:49,790 --> 00:58:52,400
>> Ambapo kama sisi mabadiliko
hii kuwa kile nilikuwa

1305
00:58:52,400 --> 00:58:54,204
akisema kwa chini ya au sawa na 89.

1306
00:58:54,204 --> 00:58:55,620
Ni kwenda kuangalia moja ya kwanza.

1307
00:58:55,620 --> 00:58:56,560
Utakuwa magazeti.

1308
00:58:56,560 --> 00:58:58,010
Ni itabidi kuangalia moja ya pili.

1309
00:58:58,010 --> 00:58:59,010
Ni si kwenda na magazeti.

1310
00:58:59,010 --> 00:58:59,910
Angalia moja ya tatu.

1311
00:58:59,910 --> 00:59:00,620
Si kwenda magazeti.

1312
00:59:00,620 --> 00:59:01,495
Angalia moja ya nne.

1313
00:59:01,495 --> 00:59:02,420
Sasa kwenda magazeti.

1314
00:59:02,420 --> 00:59:05,380
Hivyo katika kesi hiyo, mwingine kama
toleo, tangu kesi hizi

1315
00:59:05,380 --> 00:59:09,120
ni pande kipekee, ni
matumizi bora kama mwingine kama mwingine kama,

1316
00:59:09,120 --> 00:59:12,970
sababu kwamba ni kwenda kuwa
hundi wachache wa hali ya

1317
00:59:12,970 --> 00:59:14,750
kuliko toleo hili.

1318
00:59:14,750 --> 00:59:17,692

1319
00:59:17,692 --> 00:59:18,400
ALLISON: Ajabu.

1320
00:59:18,400 --> 00:59:20,580
Hivyo kitu kingine tunaweza
kufanya ni kauli kubadili.

1321
00:59:20,580 --> 00:59:23,104

1322
00:59:23,104 --> 00:59:25,270
Kimsingi kauli kubadili
inachukua katika baadhi ya kutofautiana,

1323
00:59:25,270 --> 00:59:28,780
katika kesi hii ni n, na
huamua kesi ambayo kutekeleza.

1324
00:59:28,780 --> 00:59:33,106
Hivyo hii pia ni moja ambapo kesi yako
lazima aina ya pande kipekee.

1325
00:59:33,106 --> 00:59:35,210

1326
00:59:35,210 --> 00:59:37,940
Hivyo katika kesi hii, kama
sisi sisi kupata moja, ni

1327
00:59:37,940 --> 00:59:42,270
kwenda kwa mechi yoyote kwamba
variable-- chochote thamani ya n

1328
00:59:42,270 --> 00:59:48,700
ni moja ya kesi hizi, hivyo 1, 2, au
3, na magazeti nje ya mstari sambamba.

1329
00:59:48,700 --> 00:59:51,870
>> Na kisha kama taarifa hapa,
sisi pia kuwa msingi,

1330
00:59:51,870 --> 00:59:54,670
ambayo unaweza kufikiria kama ya mwingine yako.

1331
00:59:54,670 --> 00:59:58,510
Hivyo kama wewe kuchukua idadi yoyote
badala ya 1, 2, na 3 katika kesi hii

1332
00:59:58,510 --> 00:59:59,885
ni tu kwenda magazeti batili.

1333
00:59:59,885 --> 01:00:03,690

1334
01:00:03,690 --> 01:00:08,390
Kuamua wakati wa kutumia ikiwa dhidi ya
kama elses dhidi swichi ni kwenda

1335
01:00:08,390 --> 01:00:12,590
kuwa kitu ambacho wewe guys mapenzi
kuona kubuni busara kama wewe kuanza kuandika

1336
01:00:12,590 --> 01:00:15,270
mipango ngumu zaidi, na
hakuna ngumu na ya haraka ya sheria

1337
01:00:15,270 --> 01:00:16,330
ya wakati kwa matumizi yao.

1338
01:00:16,330 --> 01:00:17,890
Ni kweli inategemea mazingira yako.

1339
01:00:17,890 --> 01:00:18,590
>> Rob BOWDEN: Na tu
kutupa huko nje

1340
01:00:18,590 --> 01:00:20,131
kwani ni vizuri zaidi sehemu.

1341
01:00:20,131 --> 01:00:20,920

1342
01:00:20,920 --> 01:00:25,053
Swichi, wao huwa na
be-- hivyo wewe ni mdogo

1343
01:00:25,053 --> 01:00:27,430
katika idadi ya njia unaweza
Unaweza kutumia yao, kwa sababu ikiwa,

1344
01:00:27,430 --> 01:00:30,100
hali inaweza kuwa pretty
kiasi chochote unataka.

1345
01:00:30,100 --> 01:00:33,410
Na swichi kesi
kuwa namba,

1346
01:00:33,410 --> 01:00:37,770
au kitaalam wanaweza kuwa chars, lakini
chars, kama tutaweza kuona, ni namba tu.

1347
01:00:37,770 --> 01:00:44,250
Hivyo wao kuwa namba, lakini swichi
ni kweli ufanisi zaidi kuliko kama

1348
01:00:44,250 --> 01:00:50,060
mwingine kama mwingine kama, kwa sababu hata
kuchukua mfano before-- vizuri,

1349
01:00:50,060 --> 01:00:51,486
daraja mfano inaonekana nzuri.

1350
01:00:51,486 --> 01:00:52,550

1351
01:00:52,550 --> 01:00:57,080
>> Vizuri hebu sema hapa, sisi badala kufanya
hii kama mwingine kama mwingine kama mazingira.

1352
01:00:57,080 --> 01:01:00,930
Hivyo kama n ni sawa sawa na 1,
magazeti ilichukua idadi ya chini.

1353
01:01:00,930 --> 01:01:04,490
Kama mwingine kama n ni sawa sawa na 2,
wewe ilichukua idadi kati.

1354
01:01:04,490 --> 01:01:06,550
Mwingine kama usawa sawa 3, juu.

1355
01:01:06,550 --> 01:01:08,060
Mwingine batili.

1356
01:01:08,060 --> 01:01:09,820
>> Basi hebu kusema kwamba alikuwa mazingira yetu.

1357
01:01:09,820 --> 01:01:14,060
Basi hebu kusema sisi kuingia
4, hivyo tunatarajia batili.

1358
01:01:14,060 --> 01:01:17,410
njia kwamba kama mwingine kama mwingine
kama mbinu ni kwenda kufanya kazi ni

1359
01:01:17,410 --> 01:01:18,740
hundi ya hali ya kwanza.

1360
01:01:18,740 --> 01:01:19,776
Ni si kuridhika.

1361
01:01:19,776 --> 01:01:21,150
Hivyo sisi kuangalia hali ya pili.

1362
01:01:21,150 --> 01:01:21,940
Ni si kuridhika.

1363
01:01:21,940 --> 01:01:23,023
Kuangalia hali ya tatu.

1364
01:01:23,023 --> 01:01:23,640
Kutokuridhika.

1365
01:01:23,640 --> 01:01:26,650
Hivyo sisi kwenda kingine na magazeti batili.

1366
01:01:26,650 --> 01:01:30,169
>> njia ya kubadili kazi
ni inaandaa chini

1367
01:01:30,169 --> 01:01:31,960
ndani ya nini tunakwenda
kuwaita meza kuruka.

1368
01:01:31,960 --> 01:01:33,180

1369
01:01:33,180 --> 01:01:37,120
kuu wazo kuwa
kwamba wakati wewe kuingia 4,

1370
01:01:37,120 --> 01:01:39,090
inaweza mara moja kwenda default.

1371
01:01:39,090 --> 01:01:41,460
Haina haja ya kuangalia asubuhi mimi kesi 1?

1372
01:01:41,460 --> 01:01:42,350
Nope si kwamba hilo.

1373
01:01:42,350 --> 01:01:42,850
Uchunguzi 2?

1374
01:01:42,850 --> 01:01:43,240
Nope.

1375
01:01:43,240 --> 01:01:43,770
Uchunguzi 3?

1376
01:01:43,770 --> 01:01:44,270
Nope.

1377
01:01:44,270 --> 01:01:45,090
Default.

1378
01:01:45,090 --> 01:01:47,610
OK, hii ni lazima ambapo mimi
wanataka, na kisha kutekeleza hiyo.

1379
01:01:47,610 --> 01:01:49,590
Hapana, mara moja anaruka kwa default.

1380
01:01:49,590 --> 01:01:51,900
Au ni mimi kuingia 2, ni
mara moja kwenda kwa 2

1381
01:01:51,900 --> 01:01:54,060
bila wanaohitaji kwenda kupitia kesi 1.

1382
01:01:54,060 --> 01:01:57,820
>> Hivyo kwa njia hiyo,
realistically siku hizi kwamba ni

1383
01:01:57,820 --> 01:02:00,250
si kwamba mengi ya faida ufanisi.

1384
01:02:00,250 --> 01:02:02,880
Kawaida kompyuta ni pretty
haraka, na kwamba si kwamba kubwa.

1385
01:02:02,880 --> 01:02:07,270
Lakini ni kwamba kesi
swichi ni kwa kasi zaidi.

1386
01:02:07,270 --> 01:02:10,380
Kama wewe ni kweli kujaribu
kuongeza, matumizi ya kubadili.

1387
01:02:10,380 --> 01:02:11,980

1388
01:02:11,980 --> 01:02:12,710
>> ALLISON: Baridi.

1389
01:02:12,710 --> 01:02:15,270
Na kisha tuna ternary operator.

1390
01:02:15,270 --> 01:02:19,470
Hivyo najua mimi zilizotajwa hapo awali
neno sukari kisintaksia.

1391
01:02:19,470 --> 01:02:24,160
Hivyo ni mambo tu kwamba kufanya
kificho wako zaidi mafupi.

1392
01:02:24,160 --> 01:02:25,590
Hivyo hii ni moja ya kesi hizo.

1393
01:02:25,590 --> 01:02:31,430
>> Hivyo ternary operator ni alama swali
koloni kama sisi kuona katika kamba line

1394
01:02:31,430 --> 01:02:35,810
s sawa n mkubwa kuliko 100
swali alama ya juu koloni chini.

1395
01:02:35,810 --> 01:02:41,800
Hivyo kimsingi jinsi hii matendo ni ni
n mkubwa kuliko 100 ni hali ya.

1396
01:02:41,800 --> 01:02:43,674
Hivyo nadhani inaweza kufanya maana.

1397
01:02:43,674 --> 01:02:44,840
Ni kama kuuliza swali.

1398
01:02:44,840 --> 01:02:47,320
Ni kusema oh, ni n mkubwa kuliko 100.

1399
01:02:47,320 --> 01:02:48,340
Nani anajua?

1400
01:02:48,340 --> 01:02:50,750
Na kama ni kutathmini kwa
kweli, ni kwenda kukupa

1401
01:02:50,750 --> 01:02:54,270
Jambo la kwanza kwamba
waliotajwa hapo, ambayo ni ya juu.

1402
01:02:54,270 --> 01:02:55,840
Vinginevyo ni kwenda kukupa chini.

1403
01:02:55,840 --> 01:03:01,210
Hivyo hii ni kweli tu rahisi na
njia bora ya kufanya kama kama mwingine.

1404
01:03:01,210 --> 01:03:02,780
Hayo ni yote hii ni.

1405
01:03:02,780 --> 01:03:07,450
>> Na kama sisi walikuwa kuandika hii
kama mwingine masharti,

1406
01:03:07,450 --> 01:03:12,480
itakuwa kama n ni mkubwa
ya 100, kurudi juu.

1407
01:03:12,480 --> 01:03:14,220
Mwingine, kurudi chini.

1408
01:03:14,220 --> 01:03:17,570
Hii ni zaidi
njia mafupi ya kuandika.

1409
01:03:17,570 --> 01:03:27,090
>> Rob BOWDEN: Hivyo mfano huu hasa
ni wakati wowote wewe kufanya kitu

1410
01:03:27,090 --> 01:03:30,190
kama hii, hii ni mfano
ambapo mimi kutumia ternary mara nyingi sana.

1411
01:03:30,190 --> 01:03:31,540

1412
01:03:31,540 --> 01:03:35,460
Hivyo sisi si aliyesema kuhusu wigo bado,
lakini I hate kuona kamba s semicolon.

1413
01:03:35,460 --> 01:03:39,150
Kama n mkubwa kuliko 100, s ni sawa na ya juu.

1414
01:03:39,150 --> 01:03:40,660
Mwingine, s ni sawa chini.

1415
01:03:40,660 --> 01:03:45,070
Hivyo mfano kwamba, wale mistari mitano
ya kificho halisi 100% ya muda

1416
01:03:45,070 --> 01:03:49,800
zinaweza kuhamishiwa katika kile
ilikuwa hadi pale na ternary.

1417
01:03:49,800 --> 01:03:52,340
Hivyo ternary, line moja ya kanuni.

1418
01:03:52,340 --> 01:03:54,640
kama mwingine, tano.

1419
01:03:54,640 --> 01:03:56,910
Hiyo ni mfano mimi kumweka
nje kila wakati.

1420
01:03:56,910 --> 01:03:59,250
Hii ingekuwa nafasi kubwa
kwa operator ternary.

1421
01:03:59,250 --> 01:04:00,647
Ni hivyo safi.

1422
01:04:00,647 --> 01:04:01,980
Lakini watu huwa na kamwe matumizi yake.

1423
01:04:01,980 --> 01:04:06,140

1424
01:04:06,140 --> 01:04:08,030
>> ALLISON: Kuchukua mbali Gabe.

1425
01:04:08,030 --> 01:04:11,110
>> GABRIEL: Hivyo sasa nyie wote
kujifunza katika hotuba wiki hii

1426
01:04:11,110 --> 01:04:13,420
kwamba kila kitu katika
kompyuta ni binary, haki?

1427
01:04:13,420 --> 01:04:14,570
Kama taa hapa.

1428
01:04:14,570 --> 01:04:16,492
Unaweza kuwa ama akageuka na mbali.

1429
01:04:16,492 --> 01:04:18,450
Na kwa kila kitu, I mean
halisi ya kila kitu.

1430
01:04:18,450 --> 01:04:24,272
Baadhi ya namba, na chars, na masharti,
na hata kificho kwamba wewe kuandika wakati

1431
01:04:24,272 --> 01:04:26,480
anapata ulioandaliwa kwa mashine
kificho na mambo kama hayo,

1432
01:04:26,480 --> 01:04:29,230
hivyo majipu yote chini ya 0 na 1 '.

1433
01:04:29,230 --> 01:04:34,540
>> Na hivyo wakati sisi ni kushughulika
na integers, ambayo

1434
01:04:34,540 --> 01:04:38,000
ni kitu ambacho ni kitaalam sana
rahisi, tunapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa kufanya mambo

1435
01:04:38,000 --> 01:04:40,630
kama kuongeza yao, ambayo ni
pengine ni moja ya mambo rahisi

1436
01:04:40,630 --> 01:04:42,300
unaweza kufanya integers mbili, haki?

1437
01:04:42,300 --> 01:04:47,410
Hivyo kujumlisha na kutoa kazi tu
kama ni kazi katika nukuu alisema,

1438
01:04:47,410 --> 01:04:50,780
isipokuwa hapa ni binary, haki?

1439
01:04:50,780 --> 01:04:52,090
Hivyo ni katika msingi mbili.

1440
01:04:52,090 --> 01:04:54,070
Hivyo kuongeza 1 plus 1.

1441
01:04:54,070 --> 01:04:57,020
Kwamba anatoa 0, na 1 hubeba juu.

1442
01:04:57,020 --> 01:05:01,335
Na tu kuendelea kufanya kwamba, Hivyo sasa
inakuja swali zaidi ya kuvutia.

1443
01:05:01,335 --> 01:05:03,730

1444
01:05:03,730 --> 01:05:07,710
>> Tunajua jinsi ya kuwakilisha wote
integers chanya katika kompyuta,

1445
01:05:07,710 --> 01:05:09,870
lakini hebu kufanya zoezi hili.

1446
01:05:09,870 --> 01:05:15,240
Kujifanya wewe guys ni wote mwaka 1960 au
kitu kujaribu kujenga kompyuta,

1447
01:05:15,240 --> 01:05:19,950
na una kuja ya
njia ya kuhifadhi minus 1,

1448
01:05:19,950 --> 01:05:22,554
kwa mfano, au bala yoyote
integer kwa jambo hilo.

1449
01:05:22,554 --> 01:05:23,470
Jinsi gani unaweza kufanya hivyo?

1450
01:05:23,470 --> 01:05:27,820

1451
01:05:27,820 --> 01:05:29,220
Mawazo yoyote?

1452
01:05:29,220 --> 01:05:31,302
Tu kutupa kitu chochote saa yangu.

1453
01:05:31,302 --> 01:05:32,264
Ndiyo?

1454
01:05:32,264 --> 01:05:39,480
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible] mteule
maalum kama wako [inaudible].

1455
01:05:39,480 --> 01:05:42,590
>> GABRIEL: Unaweza mteule
maalum kidogo, ambayo itakuwa 0 au 1.

1456
01:05:42,590 --> 01:05:45,590
Hebu kusema moja kama ni chanya
na 0 kama ni hasi.

1457
01:05:45,590 --> 01:05:48,171
Na kisha wengine wa kidogo
ni tu kuhifadhi idadi.

1458
01:05:48,171 --> 01:05:48,670
Baridi.

1459
01:05:48,670 --> 01:05:49,990
Hivyo hiyo ni wazo nzuri sana.

1460
01:05:49,990 --> 01:05:51,550
Tuna, mimi sijui, 200.

1461
01:05:51,550 --> 01:05:54,720
Na kama kwanza kidogo ni
akageuka juu, basi ni pamoja na 200.

1462
01:05:54,720 --> 01:05:57,270
Kama ni akageuka mbali, ni bala 200.

1463
01:05:57,270 --> 01:05:58,380
Baridi.

1464
01:05:58,380 --> 01:06:01,350
>> Kuna moja tu ndogo
tatizo na hii,

1465
01:06:01,350 --> 01:06:05,370
ambayo ni kama sisi kujaribu kuhitimisha mambo up.

1466
01:06:05,370 --> 01:06:18,910
Hivyo kufikiria tuna 11111 hapa, na
sisi ni summing huu kwa 00100 chochote.

1467
01:06:18,910 --> 01:06:21,630
Kama wale wawili ni chanya, hiyo faini.

1468
01:06:21,630 --> 01:06:24,470
Lakini basi kama moja ya
nao ni hasi, kama

1469
01:06:24,470 --> 01:06:27,410
hebu kusema kwamba hii kidogo hapa
ni moja kwamba wajibu

1470
01:06:27,410 --> 01:06:31,390
for-- mimi nina kwenda kufanya separate--
hivyo hii moja ina maana kwamba idadi hii hapa

1471
01:06:31,390 --> 01:06:31,970
ni mazuri.

1472
01:06:31,970 --> 01:06:34,450
Hii moja ina maana kwamba hii
idadi hapa ni hasi, haki?

1473
01:06:34,450 --> 01:06:37,010
>> Lakini basi wakati uko
kwenda kwa jumla yao,

1474
01:06:37,010 --> 01:06:40,180
haja kama kauli
akisema oh kama hii ni 0,

1475
01:06:40,180 --> 01:06:43,479
basi Jumla yangu itakuwa
kitu tofauti, haki?

1476
01:06:43,479 --> 01:06:45,270
Hivyo kuna kidogo
zaidi wajanja njia ya kufanya

1477
01:06:45,270 --> 01:06:48,520
kwamba, iitwayo mbili ya inayosaidia.

1478
01:06:48,520 --> 01:06:52,350
Hivyo kimsingi nini sisi
kufanya ni sisi kufafanua minus 1

1479
01:06:52,350 --> 01:06:57,250
kuwa jambo kwamba kama
sisi kuongeza hadi 1 inatupa 0.

1480
01:06:57,250 --> 01:06:59,470

1481
01:06:59,470 --> 01:07:00,860
Napenda kurudia kwamba.

1482
01:07:00,860 --> 01:07:03,280
Basi hebu kusema kwamba hii hapa ni 1.

1483
01:07:03,280 --> 01:07:08,110

1484
01:07:08,110 --> 01:07:13,570
Ni jambo gani kwamba
kawaida katika chanya integers

1485
01:07:13,570 --> 01:07:15,570
aliongeza kwa kuwa inatupa 0?

1486
01:07:15,570 --> 01:07:19,150

1487
01:07:19,150 --> 01:07:21,030
Nini kama sisi kujaribu kuongeza kwa idadi hii?

1488
01:07:21,030 --> 01:07:22,830

1489
01:07:22,830 --> 01:07:28,032
Tunakwenda have-- Sawa, hivyo hebu kuongeza.

1490
01:07:28,032 --> 01:07:32,820

1491
01:07:32,820 --> 01:07:38,065
Tunakwenda kuwa 1 plus 1
ni 0, na kisha hubeba juu.

1492
01:07:38,065 --> 01:07:40,160

1493
01:07:40,160 --> 01:07:45,490
Na kisha sisi ni kwenda kupata 0 tena.

1494
01:07:45,490 --> 01:07:47,730

1495
01:07:47,730 --> 01:07:48,820
Mimi nina kupata kuchanganyikiwa.

1496
01:07:48,820 --> 01:07:51,670
Na wewe ni kwenda kupata 0 na
0 na 0 na 0 na 0 na 0.

1497
01:07:51,670 --> 01:07:52,450
Kura ya 0 ya.

1498
01:07:52,450 --> 01:07:56,240
>> Saa moja iliyopita sana, sisi siyo
kwenda kuwa na uwezo wa kubeba juu,

1499
01:07:56,240 --> 01:07:59,614
kwa sababu hebu kusema sisi ni kushughulika tu
na Byte moja, hivyo vipande 8 tu.

1500
01:07:59,614 --> 01:08:02,780
Hivyo kile kompyuta gani na default
ni anasahau kwamba [inaudible] tu,

1501
01:08:02,780 --> 01:08:03,279
OK?

1502
01:08:03,279 --> 01:08:04,530

1503
01:08:04,530 --> 01:08:06,880
Hivyo hii ni kile kinachoitwa
mbili ya inayosaidia.

1504
01:08:06,880 --> 01:08:15,180
Sisi tu kufafanua minus 1 kuwa
Jambo hapa kwamba kama wewe kuongeza kwamba kwa 1

1505
01:08:15,180 --> 01:08:15,995
ingekuwa kukupa 0.

1506
01:08:15,995 --> 01:08:17,609

1507
01:08:17,609 --> 01:08:20,180
Na kwamba ni pretty baridi
kwa sababu sisi si kweli

1508
01:08:20,180 --> 01:08:24,090
haja marehemu kutekeleza
aina tofauti ya Jumla

1509
01:08:24,090 --> 01:08:26,590
kutegemea kama kwamba
hasi au chanya idadi.

1510
01:08:26,590 --> 01:08:27,465
Je, hiyo mantiki?

1511
01:08:27,465 --> 01:08:28,740

1512
01:08:28,740 --> 01:08:32,370
>> Jambo hivyo moja kwamba sisi kufanya
hapa ili kubadilisha

1513
01:08:32,370 --> 01:08:38,550
kati ya chanya na hasi
integer ni kisha sisi flip kila kitu,

1514
01:08:38,550 --> 01:08:40,930
na kisha sisi kuongeza 1 kwa idadi hiyo.

1515
01:08:40,930 --> 01:08:43,140
Kama wewe kujaribu kufanya hivyo mwenyewe
juu ya kipande cha karatasi,

1516
01:08:43,140 --> 01:08:44,681
wewe ni kwenda kuona kwamba inafanya hisia.

1517
01:08:44,681 --> 01:08:51,000
Lakini kama mimi kuchukua idadi hii
hapa, hii ni tano.

1518
01:08:51,000 --> 01:08:54,859
Hivyo kama mimi flip kila kitu
hapa, hivyo 1, 1, 1, 1, 1.

1519
01:08:54,859 --> 01:08:55,880

1520
01:08:55,880 --> 01:08:57,830
Flip, flip, flip.

1521
01:08:57,830 --> 01:09:00,130
Na kisha mimi kuongeza 1 na hiyo.

1522
01:09:00,130 --> 01:09:02,750
Mimi nina kwenda kuwa hasa minus 5.

1523
01:09:02,750 --> 01:09:03,250
OK?

1524
01:09:03,250 --> 01:09:06,220
>> Hii aina ya mantiki kwa sababu kama
wewe kujaribu kuhitimisha huu kwa idadi

1525
01:09:06,220 --> 01:09:10,229
kwamba tulikuwa kabla, ambayo
was-- hebu flip hii tena.

1526
01:09:10,229 --> 01:09:12,999
Ilikuwa 101 na kura ya 0 ya.

1527
01:09:12,999 --> 01:09:13,795

1528
01:09:13,795 --> 01:09:15,670
Kama wewe kujaribu kuongeza hizi
namba mbili pamoja,

1529
01:09:15,670 --> 01:09:16,961
wewe ni kwenda kuwa na hasa 0.

1530
01:09:16,961 --> 01:09:18,920

1531
01:09:18,920 --> 01:09:19,460
OK.

1532
01:09:19,460 --> 01:09:19,884
Maswali yoyote?

1533
01:09:19,884 --> 01:09:20,759
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1534
01:09:20,759 --> 01:09:25,790

1535
01:09:25,790 --> 01:09:27,280
>> GABRIEL: Nini maana?

1536
01:09:27,280 --> 01:09:29,240
>> Watazamaji: Negative kwa
chanya [inaudible].

1537
01:09:29,240 --> 01:09:33,215
>> GABRIEL: Hapana, wewe flip
na kuongeza 1 daima.

1538
01:09:33,215 --> 01:09:34,081

1539
01:09:34,081 --> 01:09:34,580
Yeah.

1540
01:09:34,580 --> 01:09:36,910

1541
01:09:36,910 --> 01:09:39,680
OK, hivyo wahusika pia encoded binaries.

1542
01:09:39,680 --> 01:09:42,649
Tuna meza ASCII, kama wewe
Pia aliona katika hotuba, haki?

1543
01:09:42,649 --> 01:09:45,040
Hivyo ni kimsingi ramani ya mambo.

1544
01:09:45,040 --> 01:09:50,960
Na hapa mimi siwezi kusisitiza kutosha
kwamba kwa kompyuta, a na 65

1545
01:09:50,960 --> 01:09:52,770
ni halisi kitu kimoja.

1546
01:09:52,770 --> 01:10:03,430
Hivyo kama mimi kuandika kitu kama Char c
sawa, mimi naweza wakati huo huo

1547
01:10:03,430 --> 01:10:06,890
kuandika tu 65 hapa, na ni
itakuwa sawa, sawa?

1548
01:10:06,890 --> 01:10:08,470
Hakuna tofauti wowote.

1549
01:10:08,470 --> 01:10:12,420
>> Sisi kwa kawaida huwa kuweka
wahusika katika vigezo ya aina.

1550
01:10:12,420 --> 01:10:16,770
Char, si kwa sababu wao ni kimsingi
alifanya kwa hiyo, lakini kwa sababu

1551
01:10:16,770 --> 01:10:18,050
ya mkataba wa binadamu.

1552
01:10:18,050 --> 01:10:22,410
Lakini unaweza tu kukabiliana na integers
badala ya vigezo ya aina Char,

1553
01:10:22,410 --> 01:10:23,490
na wewe utakuwa faini.

1554
01:10:23,490 --> 01:10:28,410
tu halisi tofauti
kati ya Char c na int i

1555
01:10:28,410 --> 01:10:31,960
ni kwamba int ina ka wanne katika zaidi
mifumo, wakati Char ina Byte moja.

1556
01:10:31,960 --> 01:10:33,070

1557
01:10:33,070 --> 01:10:35,460
Wao ni kimsingi
kitu kimoja katika suala la data.

1558
01:10:35,460 --> 01:10:36,990

1559
01:10:36,990 --> 01:10:37,990
Hivyo kile magazeti hapa?

1560
01:10:37,990 --> 01:10:43,780
Hapa sisi ni uchapishaji tarakimu kutumia printf
na pamoja na 1, na kama tu integers,

1561
01:10:43,780 --> 01:10:46,240
chars inaweza kuwa inaongozwa, hivyo
wahusika pia inaweza inaongozwa.

1562
01:10:46,240 --> 01:10:47,890
Hivyo hii ni hasa 65.

1563
01:10:47,890 --> 01:10:49,950
Hivyo kuna kwenda kuwa
66, na hapa tuna

1564
01:10:49,950 --> 01:10:56,860
65 pamoja na kidogo minus kubwa A,
ambayo itakuwa, mimi si kweli kujua.

1565
01:10:56,860 --> 01:11:00,900
Lakini itakuwa hasa pengo
kati ya herufi

1566
01:11:00,900 --> 01:11:07,800
na na barua ndogo, hivyo
sisi ni kwenda kupata ndogo a, haki?

1567
01:11:07,800 --> 01:11:08,300
Yeah.

1568
01:11:08,300 --> 01:11:11,740
Hivyo hii ni kwenda magazeti
tabia ambayo ni hasa hii moja.

1569
01:11:11,740 --> 01:11:12,260
Nzuri?

1570
01:11:12,260 --> 01:11:12,860
Maswali yoyote?

1571
01:11:12,860 --> 01:11:16,320

1572
01:11:16,320 --> 01:11:19,430
>> Hapa tuna rundo la tofauti
aina kwa vigezo namba.

1573
01:11:19,430 --> 01:11:20,620
Sisi tayari kuzungumzia int.

1574
01:11:20,620 --> 01:11:21,740

1575
01:11:21,740 --> 01:11:27,760
Kuelea ni njia tu to-- hii ni kweli
funny, kwa sababu wakati mimi kwanza kujifunza

1576
01:11:27,760 --> 01:11:32,320
mpango nyuma katika siku na
Chatu, mpango wa kwanza mimi milele

1577
01:11:32,320 --> 01:11:37,480
alijaribu kuandika, nikaona kwamba kulikuwa
aina kuitwa katika na aina iitwayo kuelea.

1578
01:11:37,480 --> 01:11:39,800
Na kuelea ilikuwa kwa ajili ya namba zote kweli.

1579
01:11:39,800 --> 01:11:43,290
Hivyo basi mimi aliuliza kwa nini
Mimi milele kutumia int, basi?

1580
01:11:43,290 --> 01:11:45,590
Kwa sababu kama mimi wanaweza kutumia yote
idadi halisi na kuelea,

1581
01:11:45,590 --> 01:11:47,120
Napenda tu kuacha kutumia ints, haki?

1582
01:11:47,120 --> 01:11:49,550
Kwa sababu idadi halisi ni
kiasi kama zaidi generic.

1583
01:11:49,550 --> 01:11:51,820

1584
01:11:51,820 --> 01:11:54,060
>> Ni zinageuka kuwa hii ni
si kesi katika kompyuta

1585
01:11:54,060 --> 01:11:58,480
kwa sababu wao ni kimsingi
mambo mbalimbali.

1586
01:11:58,480 --> 01:12:01,470
Hivyo integers na ikifungwa,
shughuli kwamba kufanya nao

1587
01:12:01,470 --> 01:12:04,739
kimsingi tofauti kwa sababu
njia kwamba wao ni kuhifadhiwa, sawa?

1588
01:12:04,739 --> 01:12:07,280
Sisi ni kwenda kuzungumza kidogo
kidogo zaidi juu ya kwamba katika pili.

1589
01:12:07,280 --> 01:12:09,110
>> Hivyo mara mbili tu kuelea kubwa.

1590
01:12:09,110 --> 01:12:12,830
Kawaida katika mifumo ya wengi, kuelea
ni ka wanne, kama int.

1591
01:12:12,830 --> 01:12:15,440
Na mbili ni ka nane.

1592
01:12:15,440 --> 01:12:21,450
muda mrefu kwa muda mrefu ni kweli tu ishara
kwamba append na aina kama int.

1593
01:12:21,450 --> 01:12:24,040
Unaweza kusema kwa muda mrefu kwa muda mrefu int kama hii.

1594
01:12:24,040 --> 01:12:28,550
Muda mrefu muda mrefu int x kufanya hivyo tena.

1595
01:12:28,550 --> 01:12:32,310
Hivyo katika mifumo ya wengi, kwamba nitakupa
ka nane badala ya kawaida ya nne.

1596
01:12:32,310 --> 01:12:35,620
Na unaweza kweli kuacha
katika, hivyo inaweza tu kusema kwa muda mrefu kwa muda mrefu,

1597
01:12:35,620 --> 01:12:37,240
na kwamba kazi pia, sawa?

1598
01:12:37,240 --> 01:12:42,850
Unaweza pia kufanya mambo mengine kama
unsigned int, au tena tu unsigned

1599
01:12:42,850 --> 01:12:43,680
ingekuwa pia kazi.

1600
01:12:43,680 --> 01:12:49,370
Na kwamba bila kufanya x kuwa kutofautiana
kama kila kitu ni chanya,

1601
01:12:49,370 --> 01:12:53,231
hivyo unaweza si kweli kuwa hasi
namba katika njia ambayo tuliona hapa.

1602
01:12:53,231 --> 01:12:56,484

1603
01:12:56,484 --> 01:12:58,650
Hivyo kufuatia ajabu
yaliyo uhakika na usahihi.

1604
01:12:58,650 --> 01:13:01,890
Hiyo ni moja ya sababu kwa nini
wanataka kutumia ints badala ya ikifungwa,

1605
01:13:01,890 --> 01:13:04,370
kwa sababu ints ni 100% sahihi, haki?

1606
01:13:04,370 --> 01:13:06,170
Ni hasa idadi hiyo.

1607
01:13:06,170 --> 01:13:11,910
Kwa pointi floating, kama wewe
kusema jibu sawa 1 juu ya 10--

1608
01:13:11,910 --> 01:13:14,690
Mimi kutokea kwa kuwa hii halisi
mpango hapa, float.c.

1609
01:13:14,690 --> 01:13:16,390

1610
01:13:16,390 --> 01:13:19,420
Kwamba Prints 20 maeneo alisema.

1611
01:13:19,420 --> 01:13:23,270
1 kugawanywa na 10, na kwamba
kawaida ni 0.1, sawa?

1612
01:13:23,270 --> 01:13:27,910
Lakini hapa kama sisi kufanya
kuelea na kisha sisi kukimbia,

1613
01:13:27,910 --> 01:13:30,320
tunaona kwamba si hasa 0.1.

1614
01:13:30,320 --> 01:13:33,570
Ni 0.149 kitu.

1615
01:13:33,570 --> 01:13:35,570
>> Na kwa nini ni kwamba?

1616
01:13:35,570 --> 01:13:40,390
Sababu unaweza si kweli kuwakilisha kila
moja iwezekanavyo idadi halisi katika kumbukumbu

1617
01:13:40,390 --> 01:13:42,730
kwa sababu kuna
uncountably wengi wao.

1618
01:13:42,730 --> 01:13:48,360
Hivyo sisi ni tu na uwezo wa kitaalam
kuwakilisha kiasi kidogo cha yao

1619
01:13:48,360 --> 01:13:50,470
na kiasi kidogo cha data.

1620
01:13:50,470 --> 01:13:52,050
Lakini ni kweli kuvutia.

1621
01:13:52,050 --> 01:13:54,920
Sasa hii anaomba
swali la jinsi wewe ungekuwa

1622
01:13:54,920 --> 01:13:59,299
kwenda juu anayewakilisha
huu kwa bits, haki?

1623
01:13:59,299 --> 01:14:00,340
Hivyo ni jinsi ni ikifungwa kuhifadhiwa?

1624
01:14:00,340 --> 01:14:01,970

1625
01:14:01,970 --> 01:14:03,730
Na integers ilikuwa rahisi.

1626
01:14:03,730 --> 01:14:06,690
Lakini pamoja na ikifungwa unataka
kuongeza mbalimbali,

1627
01:14:06,690 --> 01:14:10,530
na unataka kuwa na uwezo wa kuwakilisha
idadi kubwa na namba vidogo sana kama

1628
01:14:10,530 --> 01:14:14,210
0.000001 wakati huo huo.

1629
01:14:14,210 --> 01:14:15,180
Hivyo tena, mchezo huo.

1630
01:14:15,180 --> 01:14:20,470
Je, mtu yeyote kuwa na wazo lolote jinsi tunaweza
kwenda juu anayewakilisha kuelea katika kumbukumbu?

1631
01:14:20,470 --> 01:14:26,820

1632
01:14:26,820 --> 01:14:27,970
Tu kutupa kitu chochote.

1633
01:14:27,970 --> 01:14:29,930

1634
01:14:29,930 --> 01:14:30,856
Ndiyo, tafadhali.

1635
01:14:30,856 --> 01:14:33,552
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible] kama
kama ilikuwa ints mbili na moja

1636
01:14:33,552 --> 01:14:36,890
kuwa [inaudible] na kuwa moja
kila kitu baada ya uhakika decimal.

1637
01:14:36,890 --> 01:14:37,640
GABRIEL: OK, baridi.

1638
01:14:37,640 --> 01:14:40,300
Hivyo integers mbili tofauti.

1639
01:14:40,300 --> 01:14:45,260
Unaweza kuwa 12.45, hivyo hiyo ni 12 na 45.

1640
01:14:45,260 --> 01:14:45,890
Nzuri.

1641
01:14:45,890 --> 01:14:46,973
Nini kabla ya kuwafikia wewe kwenda kusema?

1642
01:14:46,973 --> 01:14:48,420

1643
01:14:48,420 --> 01:14:49,430
kitu kimoja?

1644
01:14:49,430 --> 01:14:49,930
Yeah?

1645
01:14:49,930 --> 01:14:55,630
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible] nukuu
ambapo tofauti ya msingi.

1646
01:14:55,630 --> 01:14:58,910
>> GABRIEL: nukuu ya kisayansi,
yeah hiyo ni kawaida nini kinatokea.

1647
01:14:58,910 --> 01:15:01,350
Hivyo hii ni kile kinachoitwa mantissa.

1648
01:15:01,350 --> 01:15:06,490
Hiyo ni nini ni kweli
idadi, na kisha exponent

1649
01:15:06,490 --> 01:15:08,780
ni tu ambapo comma ni, haki?

1650
01:15:08,780 --> 01:15:13,720
Hivyo hii ni kwenda kuwa kitu
ya aina 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mara 10

1651
01:15:13,720 --> 01:15:15,000
minus 4.

1652
01:15:15,000 --> 01:15:17,800
Mimi tu barabara that-- yeah, hasa.

1653
01:15:17,800 --> 01:15:23,372
Na kisha hii 10 bala 4 ni
kwenda kufafanua ambapo comma yaani, OK?

1654
01:15:23,372 --> 01:15:24,330
Katika Brazil sisi kutumia comma.

1655
01:15:24,330 --> 01:15:26,795
Hapa guys kutumia dot.

1656
01:15:26,795 --> 01:15:27,640
Hivyo dot.

1657
01:15:27,640 --> 01:15:28,860

1658
01:15:28,860 --> 01:15:34,840
>> Na hii ni ya baridi, kwa sababu kisha unaweza
kuzingatia kura ya bits yako juu ya guy hii

1659
01:15:34,840 --> 01:15:40,863
hapa, juu ya mantissa, na kisha kwamba
itakuwa usahihi yako halisi.

1660
01:15:40,863 --> 01:15:41,920

1661
01:15:41,920 --> 01:15:47,175
Na unaweza kufanya hivyo aidha katika alisema
au katika binary mfumo wa msingi.

1662
01:15:47,175 --> 01:15:49,781
Kuna tofauti
njia ya kutekeleza hili.

1663
01:15:49,781 --> 01:15:50,280
Maswali?

1664
01:15:50,280 --> 01:15:55,918

1665
01:15:55,918 --> 01:15:56,418
Ndiyo?

1666
01:15:56,418 --> 01:15:57,508

1667
01:15:57,508 --> 01:15:59,841
Watazamaji: Jinsi maeneo mengi
baada decimal [inaudible]?

1668
01:15:59,841 --> 01:16:05,240

1669
01:16:05,240 --> 01:16:12,610
>> GABRIEL: Hilo ni swali ngumu,
sababu ni kweli kamwe 100% sahihi,

1670
01:16:12,610 --> 01:16:15,680
kwa sababu kama unaweza kuona hapa, kwa
baadhi namba ni 100% sahihi.

1671
01:16:15,680 --> 01:16:20,350
Naamini kama sisi kuweka 0.5 hapa,
ni kwenda kuwa 100% sahihi.

1672
01:16:20,350 --> 01:16:22,220
Ni kwenda kuwa 0.500000.

1673
01:16:22,220 --> 01:16:24,170
Hivyo katika kesi hiyo, ni kamilifu.

1674
01:16:24,170 --> 01:16:27,330
Lakini katika kesi nyingine,
ni kidogo sana kamilifu.

1675
01:16:27,330 --> 01:16:35,010
Katika uzoefu wangu, kama hadi nne,
maeneo tano alisema ni pretty sahihi.

1676
01:16:35,010 --> 01:16:38,300
Kama matumizi ya mara mbili, ni kwenda kwa
kuwa njia sahihi zaidi kuliko ile, sawa?

1677
01:16:38,300 --> 01:16:42,750
>> Rob BOWDEN: Hivyo tu kutupa
baadhi mazingira zaidi katika ikifungwa,

1678
01:16:42,750 --> 01:16:46,320
Mimi kamwe kukumbuka 100% jinsi
spec ya ikifungwa kweli kazi,

1679
01:16:46,320 --> 01:16:52,660
lakini mimi daima kumbuka
kwamba ikifungwa kuanza kupata messy.

1680
01:16:52,660 --> 01:16:55,460

1681
01:16:55,460 --> 01:17:00,930
Hivyo wazo ni kwamba wakati wewe kupata kweli,
kweli namba kubwa au kweli, kweli

1682
01:17:00,930 --> 01:17:03,470
idadi ndogo, sisi kuanza
kupata zaidi na zaidi

1683
01:17:03,470 --> 01:17:05,860
katika kutofautisha
kati ya ikifungwa mbili karibu.

1684
01:17:05,860 --> 01:17:09,180
>> Hivyo ni jinsi mimi kama kufikiri kuhusu ni
na yaliyo hatua kutokuwa sahihi,

1685
01:17:09,180 --> 01:17:11,890
kuna ikifungwa mbili kwamba
kama mimi kujaribu kutaja yao

1686
01:17:11,890 --> 01:17:15,150
katika C, licha ya ukweli kwamba
wao ni namba tofauti,

1687
01:17:15,150 --> 01:17:17,340
wao ni kwenda kuwa
kufasiriwa kama idadi sawa,

1688
01:17:17,340 --> 01:17:19,006
sababu hatuwezi kuhifadhi yao tofauti.

1689
01:17:19,006 --> 01:17:20,540
Tunahitaji kutumia bits huo.

1690
01:17:20,540 --> 01:17:23,220
Na hivyo wakati sisi kupata
kweli, idadi kubwa kweli,

1691
01:17:23,220 --> 01:17:28,460
kuzungumza kama 10-300 au
kitu, ni katika hatua hiyo

1692
01:17:28,460 --> 01:17:33,240
kwamba 10-300 au
Mara 5 10-300

1693
01:17:33,240 --> 01:17:37,020
hawezi kutofautishwa
kutoka 7 mara 10 hadi 300.

1694
01:17:37,020 --> 01:17:39,660
Hivyo hiyo ni tofauti kubwa pretty
kati ya namba mbili.

1695
01:17:39,660 --> 01:17:43,830
>> Lakini basi wakati kupata chini
kawaida mambo mbalimbali,

1696
01:17:43,830 --> 01:17:45,770
wewe huwa na kuwa pretty
nzuri saa kutofautisha.

1697
01:17:45,770 --> 01:17:49,020
Na kisha wakati wewe kupata chini kweli ndogo,
wewe pia kupata pretty mbaya tena.

1698
01:17:49,020 --> 01:17:52,529
Hivyo kama rundo zima la
0.0000, anapata pretty mbaya.

1699
01:17:52,529 --> 01:17:53,820
GABRIEL: Yeah, hivyo kumbuka haraka.

1700
01:17:53,820 --> 01:17:54,670
Kamwe kufanya hivyo.

1701
01:17:54,670 --> 01:17:57,590
Kamwe kujaribu kulinganisha
ikifungwa kutumia sawa sawa,

1702
01:17:57,590 --> 01:18:02,800
kwa sababu hata kama uko karibu
huo, karibu sawa si sawa.

1703
01:18:02,800 --> 01:18:06,360
Hivyo nini kawaida kufanya ni wewe Ondoa
yao, kuchukua thamani kamili ya kwamba,

1704
01:18:06,360 --> 01:18:12,380
na kuona kama hiyo ni ndogo kuliko
0.0001 au kitu kama hicho, sawa?

1705
01:18:12,380 --> 01:18:12,880
Na baridi.

1706
01:18:12,880 --> 01:18:16,630
Najua mengi ya watu kuwa
baadhi background katika Java,

1707
01:18:16,630 --> 01:18:19,700
hasa wale ambao walifanya
AP sayansi ya kompyuta, haki?

1708
01:18:19,700 --> 01:18:23,630
Na Java ni lugha
kwamba zaidi kulingana na C,

1709
01:18:23,630 --> 01:18:26,570
ina wanandoa tofauti kubwa sana.

1710
01:18:26,570 --> 01:18:31,430
Lakini kwa tanzi, na ikiwa na mambo kama
kwamba, wao ni wote syntax huo.

1711
01:18:31,430 --> 01:18:35,240
Nina mipango chache hapa kuonyesha hii.

1712
01:18:35,240 --> 01:18:37,050
>> Hivyo kwa mfano, rahisi hujambo dunia.

1713
01:18:37,050 --> 01:18:43,140

1714
01:18:43,140 --> 01:18:46,600
Hii ni hujambo dunia katika C, ambayo
guys ni dhahiri ukoo na,

1715
01:18:46,600 --> 01:18:49,100
na hii na hii moja ni katika Java.

1716
01:18:49,100 --> 01:18:53,100
Hivyo katika Java tuna hii
darasani umma, hujambo dunia,

1717
01:18:53,100 --> 01:18:57,050
na umma tuli utupu
kuu, na kamba args.

1718
01:18:57,050 --> 01:18:59,665
args kamba ni kwenda
kuonekana katika C muda mfupi sana.

1719
01:18:59,665 --> 01:19:00,740

1720
01:19:00,740 --> 01:19:01,990
Lakini hebu kwenda huko bado.

1721
01:19:01,990 --> 01:19:06,060
Hivi sasa tuna utupu hapa, ambayo ina maana
kwamba kuu ni kuchukua hoja yoyote.

1722
01:19:06,060 --> 01:19:09,220
Na kisha tuna
system.out.println, na kwamba

1723
01:19:09,220 --> 01:19:11,140
aina ya sawa kwa printf.

1724
01:19:11,140 --> 01:19:17,150
Hapa sisi si kweli haja backslash
n kwa sababu magazeti ln gani kwamba kwa ajili yenu.

1725
01:19:17,150 --> 01:19:19,680
Ni appends backslash
n mwisho wa mstari.

1726
01:19:19,680 --> 01:19:22,540

1727
01:19:22,540 --> 01:19:30,415
>> Lakini kama wewe kwenda katika
kitu kama kwa, wewe

1728
01:19:30,415 --> 01:19:32,590
unaweza kuona kwamba wao ni
pretty much kitu kimoja.

1729
01:19:32,590 --> 01:19:37,390
Hivyo initialization, na
hali, na update

1730
01:19:37,390 --> 01:19:42,050
is-- mimi amekosa nafasi here-- wao ni
pretty much kitu kimoja, ila Java

1731
01:19:42,050 --> 01:19:44,430
ina kama wachache zaidi mambo ya kiwango cha juu.

1732
01:19:44,430 --> 01:19:46,010

1733
01:19:46,010 --> 01:19:49,610
Hapa tunaweza kufanya pamoja na mimi na
Java mapenzi moja kwa moja

1734
01:19:49,610 --> 01:19:52,730
kufanya hii i hapa, ambayo ni
integer, ndani ya kamba,

1735
01:19:52,730 --> 01:19:55,200
na kisha append
mbili masharti pamoja.

1736
01:19:55,200 --> 01:19:57,570
Hapa katika C sisi haja ya kufanya &% d.

1737
01:19:57,570 --> 01:20:15,310

1738
01:20:15,310 --> 01:20:18,170
line hapa, kwa
inaonekana sawa.

1739
01:20:18,170 --> 01:20:37,760
>> Na kama sisi kuangalia kama, ikiwa
pia kuangalia sawa, haki?

1740
01:20:37,760 --> 01:20:39,290

1741
01:20:39,290 --> 01:20:44,650
Hivyo kweli tofauti kubwa ni
katika mambo ambayo unaweza kuona hapa.

1742
01:20:44,650 --> 01:20:47,530
Tuli umma, batili, na
basi darasani umma kama.

1743
01:20:47,530 --> 01:20:48,990

1744
01:20:48,990 --> 01:20:52,360
Hivyo Java ina nini
aitwaye mashine virtual.

1745
01:20:52,360 --> 01:20:53,560

1746
01:20:53,560 --> 01:21:00,150
Na ni sana sana kulingana na kile
inaitwa kitu oriented programu,

1747
01:21:00,150 --> 01:21:04,120
ambayo ni sana, kawaida sana
dhana kwa ajili ya programu ya siku hizi.

1748
01:21:04,120 --> 01:21:10,870
Na jambo hili darasani ni nini kuona,
kitu kutoka kitu mwelekeo,

1749
01:21:10,870 --> 01:21:14,214
ni kujenga daraja na kisha
unaweza hupata vitu kutoka darasa kwamba.

1750
01:21:14,214 --> 01:21:16,380
Sisi siyo kwenda kuzungumza pia
mengi kuhusu kwamba katika CS50,

1751
01:21:16,380 --> 01:21:18,213
lakini hiyo ni dhahiri
kitu kweli baridi,

1752
01:21:18,213 --> 01:21:21,440
hasa kama unataka kwenda katika
maendeleo ya kisasa zaidi ya mtandao

1753
01:21:21,440 --> 01:21:24,050
mwishoni mwa kozi,
kama kuwasilisha mradi wako wa mwisho

1754
01:21:24,050 --> 01:21:26,430
na mifumo ya baadhi nzuri na mambo ya ajabu.

1755
01:21:26,430 --> 01:21:31,250
>> Hivyo kimsingi wazo ni kwamba
hawataki tena kutekeleza jambo fulani,

1756
01:21:31,250 --> 01:21:36,330
hivyo kujenga kitu ambacho ni
generic sana, kama sura,

1757
01:21:36,330 --> 01:21:38,310
na kisha kujenga
maumbo tofauti na hilo,

1758
01:21:38,310 --> 01:21:40,240
na kisha kutoka kila
maumbo haya, kujenga

1759
01:21:40,240 --> 01:21:45,110
baadhi ya maumbo maalum zaidi katika tatu
vipimo au kitu kama hicho.

1760
01:21:45,110 --> 01:21:48,799
Na wao kuwa na uongozi huu wao
kurithi kutoka kwa wale wengine, hivyo

1761
01:21:48,799 --> 01:21:51,840
kazi zote na vigezo vyote
sura kubwa hapa ina, yote haya

1762
01:21:51,840 --> 01:21:54,110
ni kwenda na, na yote haya ni
kwenda na, na kadhalika na kadhalika.

1763
01:21:54,110 --> 01:21:55,640
Hivyo hiyo ni wazo msingi.

1764
01:21:55,640 --> 01:21:59,170
>> C haina kwamba, lakini C ++
gani kuwa aina hiyo ya kipengele.

1765
01:21:59,170 --> 01:22:02,710
Na Java uzito kusukumwa
na kitu mwelekeo,

1766
01:22:02,710 --> 01:22:05,310
hivyo ndiyo sababu unaweza kuona
darasani hapa wakati wote.

1767
01:22:05,310 --> 01:22:10,790
Na jambo jingine ni
hii Java virtual mashine.

1768
01:22:10,790 --> 01:22:13,790
Hivyo hii, nadhani, ni wazo smart sana.

1769
01:22:13,790 --> 01:22:17,020
Hivyo kile folks ambao
zuliwa java alifanya ni

1770
01:22:17,020 --> 01:22:19,630
wao hawakutaka
kukusanya kanuni zao mara mbili

1771
01:22:19,630 --> 01:22:23,990
kama alikuwa na kukimbia katika Windows,
au Mac, au Linux, hivyo nini kufanya

1772
01:22:23,990 --> 01:22:26,740
ni wao halisi kukimbia
kitu kama appliance,

1773
01:22:26,740 --> 01:22:29,630
lakini si kweli kuona kinachotokea.

1774
01:22:29,630 --> 01:22:32,430
Hivyo kukimbia mashine virtual
ndani ya kompyuta yako, ambayo

1775
01:22:32,430 --> 01:22:34,940
kimsingi ni kama
mini mfumo wa uendeshaji.

1776
01:22:34,940 --> 01:22:37,920
Na kwamba uendeshaji
mfumo ya kusudi katika maisha

1777
01:22:37,920 --> 01:22:41,430
ni tu ya kuendesha kile kinachoitwa Byte kificho.

1778
01:22:41,430 --> 01:22:47,411
>> Hivyo badala ya mwaka C, njia ya sisi ingekuwa
kukusanya hii ni kufanya kama, na kisha kukimbia

1779
01:22:47,411 --> 01:22:47,910
./if.

1780
01:22:47,910 --> 01:22:53,510

1781
01:22:53,510 --> 01:22:55,290
I forgot backslash katika.

1782
01:22:55,290 --> 01:23:00,240
Katika Java, ungependa kufanya kwanza
Java C kukusanya yake, if.c.

1783
01:23:00,240 --> 01:23:06,440

1784
01:23:06,440 --> 01:23:08,252
Siyo C. Ni ya dot java.

1785
01:23:08,252 --> 01:23:09,460

1786
01:23:09,460 --> 01:23:12,140
Na kisha una kukimbia si ./.

1787
01:23:12,140 --> 01:23:15,440
Kupata faili hii mpya
if.class, lakini unaweza si kweli

1788
01:23:15,440 --> 01:23:17,980
kukimbia if.class sasa tu
kama tulivyofanya kabla.

1789
01:23:17,980 --> 01:23:19,440
Hii si kutekelezwa.

1790
01:23:19,440 --> 01:23:20,630
Una kukimbia.

1791
01:23:20,630 --> 01:23:23,410
Una kulisha ndani
mpango ujulikanao Java,

1792
01:23:23,410 --> 01:23:28,260
na mpango kwamba ni mashine virtual,
na kisha kufanya if.class, au kama.

1793
01:23:28,260 --> 01:23:28,760
Ndiyo.

1794
01:23:28,760 --> 01:23:30,890
Na kisha ni kazi.

1795
01:23:30,890 --> 01:23:33,740
OK hivyo hii ni aina ya
mashine virtual kinachotokea.

1796
01:23:33,740 --> 01:23:37,700
C hana kwamba, hivyo kama ningekuwa
kuweka mpango huu katika mashine Windows,

1797
01:23:37,700 --> 01:23:40,516
itakuwa si kazi katika C. Katika Java ni gani.

1798
01:23:40,516 --> 01:23:41,015
Maswali?

1799
01:23:41,015 --> 01:23:43,430

1800
01:23:43,430 --> 01:23:44,030
Baridi.

1801
01:23:44,030 --> 01:23:47,160
Hiyo ni kama kwa sehemu super kwa leo.

1802
01:23:47,160 --> 01:23:49,462