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00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:11,736

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00:00:11,736 --> 00:00:16,626
>> [VIDEO avspelning]

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00:00:16,626 --> 00:00:19,410
>> -Ushindi Wa hisabati
na mitambo ujuzi

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00:00:19,410 --> 00:00:23,270
ni hii kubwa mpya moja kwa moja
calculator katika Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard.

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00:00:23,270 --> 00:00:27,140
Matatizo na nje katika hisabati
kuweka njia ya mashine katika fomu coded

6
00:00:27,140 --> 00:00:31,710
juu ya mkanda ni usahihi kutatuliwa katika
dakika sehemu ya muda unaotakiwa

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00:00:31,710 --> 00:00:32,819
kwa hesabu ya kibinadamu.

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00:00:32,819 --> 00:00:44,280

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00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:48,220
Imeundwa ili kuharakisha aina zote za
hisabati na utafiti wa kisayansi,

10
00:00:48,220 --> 00:00:53,840
ubongo kubwa mitambo itafanya kazi kwa
Marekani Navy mpaka mwisho wa vita ya.

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00:00:53,840 --> 00:01:03,620

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00:01:03,620 --> 00:01:06,570
>> [Mwisho avspelning]

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00:01:06,570 --> 00:01:08,590
>> DAVID J. Malan: Hii, ni CS50.

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00:01:08,590 --> 00:01:10,590
Zamani ilikuwa kichawi
mahali, lakini kama wameweza milele

15
00:01:10,590 --> 00:01:13,366
kujiuliza nini kifaa kwamba ni
katika Harvard Sayansi Center,

16
00:01:13,366 --> 00:01:16,150
ni kweli ni sehemu ya
Harvard Mark I, na ni

17
00:01:16,150 --> 00:01:18,710
juu ya kuonyesha huko sasa
kwa kipindi cha miaka mingi.

18
00:01:18,710 --> 00:01:20,590
Na nini utaona
iliyoingia katika tatizo kuweka

19
00:01:20,590 --> 00:01:24,416
moja ni kuangalia nyuma ya pazia
nini kifaa kwamba alifanya hivyo, na hivyo,

20
00:01:24,416 --> 00:01:27,540
kutoka Profesa Harry Lewis, ambaye ni katika
sayansi ya kompyuta idara hapa.

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00:01:27,540 --> 00:01:29,440
Hivyo zaidi juu ya kwamba katika kidogo tu.

22
00:01:29,440 --> 00:01:33,990
>> Lakini leo tunaanza kipindi cha mpito
kutoka wiki iliyopita na hii,

23
00:01:33,990 --> 00:01:37,290
na tutaweza kuleta kutaja
ya moja picha hapa

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00:01:37,290 --> 00:01:38,630
hiyo ni kweli maarufu kabisa.

25
00:01:38,630 --> 00:01:42,270
Je, mtu yeyote kujua jambo hili
hapa ni juu ya screen?

26
00:01:42,270 --> 00:01:43,880
Angalau kwa mujibu wa hadithi.

27
00:01:43,880 --> 00:01:44,837
Naam.

28
00:01:44,837 --> 00:01:45,920
Watazamaji: virusi kwanza.

29
00:01:45,920 --> 00:01:49,570
DAVID J. Malan: Hivyo ilikuwa eti
kwanza kabisa halisi mdudu katika kompyuta.

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00:01:49,570 --> 00:01:52,490
Sasa katika hali halisi neno mdudu,
kwa makosa katika mpango,

31
00:01:52,490 --> 00:01:55,250
imekuwa na sisi kwa baadhi
wakati katika ulimwengu wa kimwili,

32
00:01:55,250 --> 00:01:58,190
na hii ilikuwa ni moja ya kwanza
kumbukumbu nyakati ambapo mtu kweli

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00:01:58,190 --> 00:02:02,280
kumpokonya nondo kubwa nje ya Mark
II kompyuta, kuiweka katika Binder,

34
00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:05,006
na kisha kumbukumbu yake
kama inayojulikana mdudu kwanza

35
00:02:05,006 --> 00:02:06,630
kwa kweli imekuwa kupatikana kimwili.

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00:02:06,630 --> 00:02:10,104
Hivyo hivyo alipanda
kwamba katika lore leo.

37
00:02:10,104 --> 00:02:12,020
Kila kitu kutoka mwisho
wiki ya inapatikana online.

38
00:02:12,020 --> 00:02:14,840
Katika rasilimali fulani kwamba waweza
si lazima taarifa, hasa

39
00:02:14,840 --> 00:02:15,881
kama kuja hapa katika mtu.

40
00:02:15,881 --> 00:02:20,230
Hivyo moja ya wenzake mafundisho kila
mwaka hufanya kisheria seti ya maelezo,

41
00:02:20,230 --> 00:02:22,010
hivyo hakuna haja ya kuweka
kichwa yako chini, kujaribu

42
00:02:22,010 --> 00:02:24,410
transcribe wengi chochote
ambayo yanaweza kutokea hapa darasani.

43
00:02:24,410 --> 00:02:25,940
Hivyo kutambua kwamba wale
kinachojulikana [? Scribd?] Maelezo

44
00:02:25,940 --> 00:02:29,350
ni online, hakika slides na
chanzo kanuni kwamba sisi kutumia darasani.

45
00:02:29,350 --> 00:02:31,436
Sisi kufanya nakala kamili Nakala
inapatikana pia.

46
00:02:31,436 --> 00:02:34,310
Hivyo kama wewe bila kufafanua kumbuka baadhi
muda wake na unataka kuangalia ni juu kidogo

47
00:02:34,310 --> 00:02:37,280
kwa urahisi zaidi, kutambua kwamba wote
ya kwamba ni kutafutwa online.

48
00:02:37,280 --> 00:02:38,930
Kama vile walkthroughs pia.

49
00:02:38,930 --> 00:02:42,710
Kwa hakika, leo sisi kuanza kuangalia
ngazi ya chini ya programu lugha,

50
00:02:42,710 --> 00:02:45,290
hivi karibuni kuwa anajulikana kwetu
kama C, na ni rahisi sana

51
00:02:45,290 --> 00:02:48,820
kwa namna ya kupata waliopotea baada chache tu
muda mfupi wakati, na kisha aina ya ajabu

52
00:02:48,820 --> 00:02:52,370
jinsi sisi kweli got baadhi zaidi
mfano tata kutoka rahisi.

53
00:02:52,370 --> 00:02:54,975
Na hivyo kutambua tutaweza cherry
pick wakati wa darasa baadhi

54
00:02:54,975 --> 00:02:57,850
ya mifano mwakilishi, lakini
kutambua kwamba mambo mengi zaidi pia ni

55
00:02:57,850 --> 00:03:01,140
inapatikana online hivyo unaweza kufanya kazi
kwa njia hiyo kwa kasi yako mwenyewe,

56
00:03:01,140 --> 00:03:02,950
Hata hivyo uko vizuri zaidi.

57
00:03:02,950 --> 00:03:05,200
>> Lakini sisi kushoto mbali na
mipango ambayo walikuwa tu hii.

58
00:03:05,200 --> 00:03:09,690
Hivyo mimi bonyeza bendera ya kijani,
na je, mpango huu nini?

59
00:03:09,690 --> 00:03:10,710
Anasema, hello, ulimwengu.

60
00:03:10,710 --> 00:03:13,180
Inafanya paka kusema
hodi katika ulimwengu wake kidogo

61
00:03:13,180 --> 00:03:15,990
juu upande wa kushoto
ya Scratch ya user interface.

62
00:03:15,990 --> 00:03:18,810
Lakini sisi ilianza kuanzisha
baadhi ya istilahi wiki iliyopita.

63
00:03:18,810 --> 00:03:23,614
Na hivyo, mambo kama haya sisi kuitwa nini?

64
00:03:23,614 --> 00:03:25,280
Nini kinaweza kuwa mrefu generic kwa hili?

65
00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:26,266
Naam.

66
00:03:26,266 --> 00:03:28,210
Njia au taarifa.

67
00:03:28,210 --> 00:03:29,280
Hakika, ni utekelezaji.

68
00:03:29,280 --> 00:03:30,140
Kufanya hivyo.

69
00:03:30,140 --> 00:03:32,400
Na bado kulikuwa na
maumbo mengine kwa mwanzo,

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00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:35,360
zaidi ya hizo kinachojulikana
Kauli, walikuwa pia

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00:03:35,360 --> 00:03:38,221
mambo kama haya, ambayo sisi kuitwa nini?

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Naam.

73
00:03:38,720 --> 00:03:39,634
Hivyo kitanzi.

74
00:03:39,634 --> 00:03:42,050
Na katika kesi hii, jambo hili
kurudia, ni wazi, mara 10.

75
00:03:42,050 --> 00:03:43,040
Kuna milele kuzuia.

76
00:03:43,040 --> 00:03:44,164
Kuna michache ya watu wengine.

77
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Na leo tunakwenda kuona jinsi ya
kutafsiri hii kwa dunia ya kisasa zaidi,

78
00:03:48,309 --> 00:03:50,850
kama wewe, hata kama ni
kwenda kuonekana katika mtazamo wa kwanza

79
00:03:50,850 --> 00:03:52,024
kuwa zaidi arcane.

80
00:03:52,024 --> 00:03:53,190
Lakini wale walikuwa kwa hakika loops.

81
00:03:53,190 --> 00:03:56,182
Na kisha tuna mambo kama
hii, ambayo ilikuwa na sura hii,

82
00:03:56,182 --> 00:03:57,515
na kimsingi kuulizwa maswali.

83
00:03:57,515 --> 00:03:58,890
Na sisi inajulikana kama hizi nini?

84
00:03:58,890 --> 00:03:59,762
>> Watazamaji: kujieleza Boolean.

85
00:03:59,762 --> 00:04:00,320
>> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

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00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:01,340
Boolean kujieleza.

87
00:04:01,340 --> 00:04:04,502
Kitu ambacho ni ama kweli au
uongo, ndiyo au hapana, moja au sifuri,

88
00:04:04,502 --> 00:04:05,960
Hata hivyo unataka kuona dunia.

89
00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:08,335
Lakini sisi kuitwa wale Boolean
maneno, na sisi kuziba yao

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00:04:08,335 --> 00:04:09,900
ndani ya masharti, au matawi.

91
00:04:09,900 --> 00:04:12,170
Na katika ulimwengu wa
Mwanzo, kila kitu vizuri

92
00:04:12,170 --> 00:04:15,460
interlocks katika suala la sura yake,
kama ni mantiki mantiki ya kufanya hivyo,

93
00:04:15,460 --> 00:04:18,490
lakini huna kuacha saa tu
kufanya jambo moja kwa masharti,

94
00:04:18,490 --> 00:04:20,450
unaweza kuwa na proverbial
uma katika barabara

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00:04:20,450 --> 00:04:24,040
na kufanya ama hii au kwamba kama
hali ni kweli au la.

96
00:04:24,040 --> 00:04:26,040
Na kisha, kama utaona,
kama wewe si tayari,

97
00:04:26,040 --> 00:04:27,480
Unaweza hata kiota vitalu haya.

98
00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:32,110
Hivyo Scratch inakua kujaza maumbo
ambayo unaweza kutaka kuingiza ndani yake,

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00:04:32,110 --> 00:04:35,330
hivyo unaweza kweli kueleza zaidi
mantiki yoyote kwamba unaweza kutaka kufanya.

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00:04:35,330 --> 00:04:38,220
>> Maneno sasa wachache wa tangazo
kwa wote hapa na New Haven.

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00:04:38,220 --> 00:04:39,370
Hivyo sectioning inaanza leo.

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00:04:39,370 --> 00:04:42,120
URL hii ni juu ya kozi ya
tovuti, kwa wale usio wa kawaida.

103
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Sehemu itakuwa
fursa ya kupata pamoja

104
00:04:43,970 --> 00:04:46,553
katika mazingira mengi zaidi ionekane
kuliko [? Sanders?] Inaruhusu,

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na 10 na 20 kwa wanafunzi
kufundisha wenzao katika nyimbo mbalimbali,

106
00:04:50,347 --> 00:04:51,930
na hatua mbalimbali, kama hivyo kuchagua.

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00:04:51,930 --> 00:04:54,080
Hakika inatoa kozi
sehemu mbalimbali

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00:04:54,080 --> 00:04:57,340
kwa wale chini ya starehe, zaidi
starehe, na mahali fulani katika kati,

109
00:04:57,340 --> 00:04:59,860
na jukumu la gumba hapa, ni
hakuna ufafanuzi rasmi ni,

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lakini kama wewe ni chini ya starehe,
aina ya kujua.

111
00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:07,470
Wewe ni kidogo intrepid kuhusu
wazo la wanazidi mguu, pengine, nyuma

112
00:05:07,470 --> 00:05:10,130
darasani, au kuonyesha
hadi katika kati ya sehemu.

113
00:05:10,130 --> 00:05:12,770
Kama tumekuwa programu tangu
walikuwa na umri wa miaka sita, vizuri zaidi,

114
00:05:12,770 --> 00:05:13,400
labda na wewe.

115
00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:16,150
Na kama ni aina ya toss-up,
hiyo ni nini hasa katika kati ya

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00:05:16,150 --> 00:05:17,190
ni maana ya kuwa.

117
00:05:17,190 --> 00:05:18,410
>> Sasa, wakati huo huo,
kwa ajili ya darasa ukubwa huu,

118
00:05:18,410 --> 00:05:21,326
inachukua sisi muda kabisa kwa sehemu
kila mtu, hivyo tuna kinachojulikana,

119
00:05:21,326 --> 00:05:24,030
sehemu super, kuja juu hii
mwishoni mwa wiki na mapema wiki ijayo,

120
00:05:24,030 --> 00:05:26,570
hivyo tuangalie tovuti kozi ya
kwa wale ambao ni kweli pana,

121
00:05:26,570 --> 00:05:28,610
na pia kwa wale zingine
ambao hawawezi kufanya nao.

122
00:05:28,610 --> 00:05:33,470
Na sehemu yao itaanza
katika wiki tatu ya CS50 sifuri ripoti.

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00:05:33,470 --> 00:05:35,880
Tatizo kuweka 0 ni tayari
kwenye tovuti kozi.

124
00:05:35,880 --> 00:05:40,010
Na kutambua kwamba huna kuwa na
siku tisa mwishoni mwa muhula huu.

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Hivyo hii ni kuboresha kutoka mwisho
mwaka, wakati tulikuwa siku tano marehemu.

126
00:05:43,240 --> 00:05:46,210
>> Hivyo kama wewe wanashangaa,
tuna tatizo seti tisa.

127
00:05:46,210 --> 00:05:53,200
Una siku tisa mwishoni mwa mwezi, ambayo kila mmoja
unaweza tu kutumia moja kwa wiki juu ya.

128
00:05:53,200 --> 00:05:56,089
Kwamba ufanisi hufanya yote ya
tatizo seti kutokana Ijumaa,

129
00:05:56,089 --> 00:05:58,630
lakini lengo ni kuweka kidogo
kidogo ya shinikizo kisaikolojia

130
00:05:58,630 --> 00:06:01,100
juu ya wewe kujaribu kupata
mambo katika siku ya Alhamisi

131
00:06:01,100 --> 00:06:03,960
kwa sababu kama wewe hivi karibuni kugundua,
kwa bora au mbaya, wengi

132
00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:07,820
kila kitu katika programu ulimwengu huishia
kuchukua muda mrefu zaidi kuliko wewe wanatarajia.

133
00:06:07,820 --> 00:06:10,620
Hivyo kufikiria ni aina
ya fursa ya kusaidia

134
00:06:10,620 --> 00:06:13,880
mwenyewe kwa lengo Alhamisi,
lakini kuchukua faraja katika kwamba, ndiyo,

135
00:06:13,880 --> 00:06:14,950
kila kitu ni kutokana Ijumaa.

136
00:06:14,950 --> 00:06:17,590
Na kama wewe kuwasilisha yao juu ya
Alhamisi, hiyo ni ajabu.

137
00:06:17,590 --> 00:06:21,020
Kuna pointi hakuna ziada au ziada
mikopo kwa ajili ya mkutano kwamba tarehe ya mwisho.

138
00:06:21,020 --> 00:06:23,250
Ni maana ya kuwa mkongojo tu.

139
00:06:23,250 --> 00:06:25,810
>> Na masaa ya ofisi, wawili
hapa na katika New Haven,

140
00:06:25,810 --> 00:06:28,840
katika mtu, kama wewe Ningependa
kukutana na yoyote ya kozi zetu

141
00:06:28,840 --> 00:06:31,060
kufundisha wenzake na CAS kwa msaada.

142
00:06:31,060 --> 00:06:31,640
>> Wote haki.

143
00:06:31,640 --> 00:06:33,110
Hivyo sasa, hebu kufanya hili zaidi halisi.

144
00:06:33,110 --> 00:06:35,470
Na kwa muda ni kwenda kuanza
kupata arcane zaidi kidogo, lakini sana

145
00:06:35,470 --> 00:06:37,310
haraka siku ya Ijumaa na
wiki ijayo tutakuwa na

146
00:06:37,310 --> 00:06:41,230
uwezo wa kufanya hivyo zaidi kuliko
tunaweza hivi sasa katika Scratch.

147
00:06:41,230 --> 00:06:44,350
Hivyo sisi ilianzisha kificho mwisho
wiki, angalau pictoral.

148
00:06:44,350 --> 00:06:45,620
Ilikuwa vipande puzzle.

149
00:06:45,620 --> 00:06:48,800
Na sisi rasmi kuwa ni
kitu kinachoitwa chanzo code,

150
00:06:48,800 --> 00:06:50,330
lakini ingekuwa hakuwa kuangalia kama?

151
00:06:50,330 --> 00:06:52,550
Naam, ilikuwa inaonekana kidogo
kitu kama hiki.

152
00:06:52,550 --> 00:06:55,410
Na, kwa kweli, tu aina ya
tease ambapo tunaweza kwenda na hili.

153
00:06:55,410 --> 00:06:57,800
Mimi nina kwenda kwenda mbele na
kufungua dirisha hapa,

154
00:06:57,800 --> 00:06:59,810
na mimi nina kwenda tu kuchagua New faili.

155
00:06:59,810 --> 00:07:03,200
Na mimi nina kwenda kuokoa faili hili
kama kitu kama hodi nukta c.

156
00:07:03,200 --> 00:07:05,700
Zaidi juu ya kwamba uchaguzi wa
Maneno katika muda tu.

157
00:07:05,700 --> 00:07:08,630
Na hii ni jinsi mtu anaweza
kwenda juu ya kuandika mpango.

158
00:07:08,630 --> 00:07:13,990
Pamoja na kiwango I / O nukta h, int kuu
batili, na kisha wazi curly brace, karibu

159
00:07:13,990 --> 00:07:19,430
curly brace, printf hodi comma dunia,
backslash n, semicolon, Save, kosa.

160
00:07:19,430 --> 00:07:19,930
Sawa.

161
00:07:19,930 --> 00:07:21,670
Nimekuwa imeandikwa yangu ya kwanza
mpango, lakini itakuja

162
00:07:21,670 --> 00:07:23,878
kuwa incredibly underwhelmed
kwa sababu wakati mimi kwa kweli

163
00:07:23,878 --> 00:07:27,352
kuendesha mpango huu, bila shaka,
na maandiko ya kwanza kufanya hello,

164
00:07:27,352 --> 00:07:30,310
na kisha dot kufyeka hodi, na tutaweza
kwenda kwa njia hii kwa undani zaidi

165
00:07:30,310 --> 00:07:31,730
katika wakati huu, kwamba ni yote ni gani.

166
00:07:31,730 --> 00:07:33,270
Haina pop wazi madirisha yoyote.

167
00:07:33,270 --> 00:07:35,070
Haina kufanya kitu chochote
hasa dhana.

168
00:07:35,070 --> 00:07:38,830
All yake ni nini niliwaambia kwa
kufanya, lakini ni jinsi gani sisi kupata hiyo?

169
00:07:38,830 --> 00:07:40,560
Na jinsi gani sisi kujenga juu kwamba?

170
00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:43,430
Naam, hebu kuanzisha chache
dhana tofauti hapa.

171
00:07:43,430 --> 00:07:47,170
>> Hivyo moja, sisi ni juu ya kuanza
kutumia programu inayoitwa compiler.

172
00:07:47,170 --> 00:07:51,470
Compiler lipo kwa ajili ya Mac OS, Windows,
Linux, idadi yoyote ya mifumo ya uendeshaji,

173
00:07:51,470 --> 00:07:54,540
na tutaweza hivi karibuni kuanzisha wewe
mazingira ambayo sisi itakuwa kutumia,

174
00:07:54,540 --> 00:07:57,410
lakini compiler ni tu kwa ujumla
mrefu kwa ajili ya kipande cha programu

175
00:07:57,410 --> 00:08:01,940
kwamba inachukua chanzo kanuni na
inazalisha kitu kificho kutoka humo.

176
00:08:01,940 --> 00:08:03,940
Kwa maneno mengine, kama wewe
na kama pembejeo chanzo wako

177
00:08:03,940 --> 00:08:08,250
kanuni, kitu kama kile tu typed,
hatimaye inazalisha kitu kificho.

178
00:08:08,250 --> 00:08:11,780
Na kitu kificho ni kweli tu
njia dhana ya kusema hayo matokeo

179
00:08:11,780 --> 00:08:12,926
sifuri na mtu.

180
00:08:12,926 --> 00:08:14,800
Kwa maneno mengine, chanzo
kanuni, hata kama ni

181
00:08:14,800 --> 00:08:17,240
kwenda kuangalia arcane kidogo,
na kidogo kidogo ya kirafiki

182
00:08:17,240 --> 00:08:19,590
kuliko Scratch katika mtazamo wa kwanza,
ni angalau kitu

183
00:08:19,590 --> 00:08:21,120
kwamba sisi wanadamu wanaweza kuelewa.

184
00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:24,360
Ni aina ya inaonekana na inaonekana kama
Kiingereza hata kama ni succinct sana.

185
00:08:24,360 --> 00:08:28,040
Wakati programu katika sifuri na
mtu, kama watangulizi wetu alikuwa na kufanya,

186
00:08:28,040 --> 00:08:30,920
baadhi ya miaka iliyopita, haikuwa
hasa furaha changamoto.

187
00:08:30,920 --> 00:08:33,710
Na bado, hii ni nini
bado kompyuta anaelewa.

188
00:08:33,710 --> 00:08:37,010
Hivyo compiler anapata sisi kutoka
chanzo kanuni kwa kificho kitu.

189
00:08:37,010 --> 00:08:39,860
Ni kama kufungua faili kwa
compiler, na wakati wewe ila ni,

190
00:08:39,860 --> 00:08:41,419
kupata wale zeros na ndio.

191
00:08:41,419 --> 00:08:43,419
Hivyo tutaweza kuona jinsi ya kufanya
kwamba katika muda tu.

192
00:08:43,419 --> 00:08:47,400
>> Lakini hebu sasa kujaribu kutoa
kuziba kati ya wiki iliyopita na hii,

193
00:08:47,400 --> 00:08:50,660
hivyo kwamba hata kama sisi kupata Hung juu
juu ya mambo kama braces curly,

194
00:08:50,660 --> 00:08:54,100
na semicolons, na mabano, na
yote haya kielimu ya kuvutia

195
00:08:54,100 --> 00:08:57,620
masuala ya programu, kwamba sana
vyema safari watu asubuhi na mapema,

196
00:08:57,620 --> 00:09:00,930
kutambua kwamba wote wa mawazo
leo, ni sawa na mwisho.

197
00:09:00,930 --> 00:09:03,975
Hivyo mwisho, tuliona mfano huu
hapa, mpango Hello World.

198
00:09:03,975 --> 00:09:07,500
Naam, kuanzia leo, kama tunataka
kutekeleza mpango huo huo,

199
00:09:07,500 --> 00:09:10,800
ni kwenda kuangalia
kitu kidogo kama hii.

200
00:09:10,800 --> 00:09:14,040
Na tutaweza kueleza kabla ya muda mrefu kile int,
na kuu, tena utupu, na yote hayo

201
00:09:14,040 --> 00:09:18,770
ni, lakini angalau Mimi naona hapa
tayari ukoo Habari Duniani.

202
00:09:18,770 --> 00:09:20,860
>> Wakati huo huo, mambo kama
kazi, kusema hello,

203
00:09:20,860 --> 00:09:23,570
ni sana tu kwenda kuwa
Kauli rahisi sana kama hii.

204
00:09:23,570 --> 00:09:26,930
Printf hujambo dunia, pamoja na baadhi
ananukuu, na backslash,

205
00:09:26,930 --> 00:09:29,780
kwa semicolon, lakini
zaidi juu ya kwamba kuja.

206
00:09:29,780 --> 00:09:34,066
Tanzi, wakati huo huo, hii ni kitanzi kwamba,
bila shaka, anasema hujambo dunia milele,

207
00:09:34,066 --> 00:09:36,690
na hii moja kwenda kuangalia
kidogo weirder kuliko katika mwisho,

208
00:09:36,690 --> 00:09:39,530
lakini kama mimi kusema kitu
kama, wakati kweli, mimi

209
00:09:39,530 --> 00:09:44,050
Basi unaweza magazeti nje Wapendwa dunia
tena na tena na tena na tena.

210
00:09:44,050 --> 00:09:46,660
Na kisha kama unaweza aina
ya kuanza kudai hapa,

211
00:09:46,660 --> 00:09:49,070
mkataba huu wa kutumia
braces curly ni aina

212
00:09:49,070 --> 00:09:52,050
ya kama kumuunga
indented mstari wa kanuni huko.

213
00:09:52,050 --> 00:09:55,840
Mstari printf ya kificho kiasi kama
njano puzzle kipande juu juu.

214
00:09:55,840 --> 00:09:58,740
Hivyo sisi siyo kwenda kusema milele,
tunakwenda kusema wakati wa kweli,

215
00:09:58,740 --> 00:10:01,020
lakini tutaweza kuona nini kuwa ni katika kidogo tu.

216
00:10:01,020 --> 00:10:04,210
>> Wakati huo huo, kama tuna kitanzi kama hii,
ambapo kurudia kitu kilicho na mwisho

217
00:10:04,210 --> 00:10:07,730
Mara idadi, hii moja pia ni
kwenda kuchukua kidogo kupata kutumika

218
00:10:07,730 --> 00:10:12,820
kwa, lakini ni kwenda kusema kwa int
i anapata sifuri, i chini ya 10, i ++,

219
00:10:12,820 --> 00:10:14,056
na kisha printf tena.

220
00:10:14,056 --> 00:10:15,430
Lakini kuna kwenda kuwa mwelekeo.

221
00:10:15,430 --> 00:10:18,434
Na kwa wale wa wewe ni ukoo
na AP Sayansi ya Kompyuta, au Java,

222
00:10:18,434 --> 00:10:21,100
au idadi yoyote ya lugha nyingine,
karibu wote wa constructs hizi

223
00:10:21,100 --> 00:10:23,820
hivi sasa inapaswa kuangalia hasa ukoo.

224
00:10:23,820 --> 00:10:24,680
>> Hivyo kutofautiana.

225
00:10:24,680 --> 00:10:29,270
Hivyo hapa ni rahisi Scratch Excerpt kwamba
seti kutofautiana kuitwa kukabiliana na sifuri,

226
00:10:29,270 --> 00:10:33,150
na kisha milele anasema kukabiliana, na
kisha ni mabadiliko ya kukabiliana na kwa moja.

227
00:10:33,150 --> 00:10:37,030
Hivyo huanza na sifuri,
na kisha moja, mbili, tatu.

228
00:10:37,030 --> 00:10:42,560
Naam, ni jinsi gani sisi kuanzisha kwamba katika
lugha hii mpya kidogo vile vile?

229
00:10:42,560 --> 00:10:45,460
Int kukabiliana sawa na
sifuri, wakati kweli, ambayo

230
00:10:45,460 --> 00:10:48,100
ni kwamba wazo moja kutoka kabla
ya kufanya kitu milele,

231
00:10:48,100 --> 00:10:49,530
na mimi nina kwenda tu printf.

232
00:10:49,530 --> 00:10:53,310
Na sasa ni kupata kidogo ajabu,
asilimia i, lakini zaidi juu ya kwamba kuja,

233
00:10:53,310 --> 00:10:55,140
lakini mawazo haya ni sawa.

234
00:10:55,140 --> 00:10:58,820
Sisi tu sasa na kuambatana na
syntax kwamba kompyuta ni

235
00:10:58,820 --> 00:11:00,010
kwenda kudai mmoja wetu.

236
00:11:00,010 --> 00:11:04,620
>> Kujieleza Boolean, kitu kama
sx chini ya y, au x chini ya y,

237
00:11:04,620 --> 00:11:06,354
na y chini ya z.

238
00:11:06,354 --> 00:11:09,270
Ni kwenda kuangalia kitu kidogo
kama hii, na mabano tu

239
00:11:09,270 --> 00:11:13,020
kama katika hesabu kwa hatua nzuri tu
kuhakikisha kwamba utaratibu wa shughuli

240
00:11:13,020 --> 00:11:14,750
ni kama sisi nia.

241
00:11:14,750 --> 00:11:15,600
Na sasa, hali ya.

242
00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:21,220
Hivyo kama x chini ya y, wanasema x ni chini
kuliko y, mwingine kama x ni mkubwa kuliko y,

243
00:11:21,220 --> 00:11:26,020
kusema x ni mkubwa kuliko y, vinginevyo
kifikra, x lazima kuwa sawa na y.

244
00:11:26,020 --> 00:11:28,710
Basi unaweza kutekeleza
kitu kama hii katika Scratch,

245
00:11:28,710 --> 00:11:31,230
au unaweza kutekeleza
hivyo katika syntax hii.

246
00:11:31,230 --> 00:11:35,090
Na tena, braces curly ni aina ya
anatupa sura sawa na puzzle

247
00:11:35,090 --> 00:11:40,750
vipande, lakini syntax, sasa, ni labda
kuanzia kufuata mwelekeo wa baadhi.

248
00:11:40,750 --> 00:11:42,910
>> Hivyo, ni nini hii kutupa hapa?

249
00:11:42,910 --> 00:11:45,260
Hivyo tuko nyuma kisha katika mpango wetu kuu.

250
00:11:45,260 --> 00:11:47,930
Hebu kweli, sasa,
kufanya kitu kwa hayo.

251
00:11:47,930 --> 00:11:50,660
Hivyo katika hili sana kwanza
mstari tunaona mkali ni pamoja na,

252
00:11:50,660 --> 00:11:53,160
kiwango I / O, nukta h, na
kisha baadhi pembe weird

253
00:11:53,160 --> 00:11:57,330
mabano chini hiyo. int kuu
batili, na kisha printf hujambo dunia.

254
00:11:57,330 --> 00:11:58,200
Hivyo tu kuchukua hatua.

255
00:11:58,200 --> 00:12:02,440
Mtu ambaye hajawahi iliyowekwa mbele,
angalau kueleza moja ya mistari haya.

256
00:12:02,440 --> 00:12:04,490
Kutumia labda baadhi ya
jargon ya wiki iliyopita.

257
00:12:04,490 --> 00:12:06,942
Printf ni kitu gani, kwa mfano?

258
00:12:06,942 --> 00:12:07,442
Naam.

259
00:12:07,442 --> 00:12:08,410
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

260
00:12:08,410 --> 00:12:08,610
>> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

261
00:12:08,610 --> 00:12:11,380
Ni kazi, au kauli,
kutoka istilahi wiki iliyopita.

262
00:12:11,380 --> 00:12:13,470
Na ni hatua
hiyo ni kufanya kitu.

263
00:12:13,470 --> 00:12:15,855
Sasa kazi hii, au
kauli hii, je

264
00:12:15,855 --> 00:12:17,550
hivyo kuonekana kuchukua baadhi ya aina ya pembejeo?

265
00:12:17,550 --> 00:12:20,080

266
00:12:20,080 --> 00:12:24,380
Na katika kile maana gani
wanaonekana kuchukua pembejeo kama ndivyo?

267
00:12:24,380 --> 00:12:26,180
Pembejeo, je, mimi maana na kwamba?

268
00:12:26,180 --> 00:12:26,720
Naam.

269
00:12:26,720 --> 00:12:27,595
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

270
00:12:27,595 --> 00:12:30,565

271
00:12:30,565 --> 00:12:31,440
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

272
00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:34,890
Hivyo Scratch nje vipande wachache puzzle
ambapo unaweza parametrize yake.

273
00:12:34,890 --> 00:12:37,980
Unaweza kuwaambia kurudia
kuzuia ni mara ngapi kurudia,

274
00:12:37,980 --> 00:12:40,320
ili kwamba ilikuwa mchango wa
kila aina, na kama Scratch

275
00:12:40,320 --> 00:12:43,060
alikuwa nyeupe kidogo kishika
kwa idadi ungependa aina katika,

276
00:12:43,060 --> 00:12:45,810
hivyo kufanya sisi kutumia katika hii
mabano maandishi dunia

277
00:12:45,810 --> 00:12:49,910
kutupa sura kwamba mduara
ndani ambayo tunaweza kuziba pembejeo yetu.

278
00:12:49,910 --> 00:12:53,180
Baada ya yote, mamia ya miaka iliyopita
wakati lugha hii, iitwayo C,

279
00:12:53,180 --> 00:12:55,950
ilizuliwa hakuna mtu
kutarajia ni mmoja wetu,

280
00:12:55,950 --> 00:12:59,420
hizi miaka kadhaa baadaye, tunatarajia
wanataka kazi hiyo inasema hodi.

281
00:12:59,420 --> 00:12:59,920
Sawa?

282
00:12:59,920 --> 00:13:02,880
Ni d kuwa nzuri kama kulikuwa na
puzzle kipande, au maneno muhimu,

283
00:13:02,880 --> 00:13:05,502
kwamba wito hello, kwamba
literally tu anasema hello.

284
00:13:05,502 --> 00:13:06,460
Lakini hatuna haja hiyo.

285
00:13:06,460 --> 00:13:09,320
Tunaweza kuwa na kitu chini sana
ngazi ya juu, kama magazeti ya kurefusha maisha

286
00:13:09,320 --> 00:13:12,760
amri, kwamba inachukua pembejeo,
na prints chochote tunataka.

287
00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:14,960
Hivyo taarifa sasa mfano
kwamba itaanza kujitokeza.

288
00:13:14,960 --> 00:13:19,310
Paren wazi, Paren karibu ni
inaonekana kumuunga pembejeo,

289
00:13:19,310 --> 00:13:21,770
na kisha Mimi naona mara mbili
ananukuu juu ya pande zote mbili.

290
00:13:21,770 --> 00:13:25,110
Bado kuna weird backslash
n, lakini hopefully sasa wewe

291
00:13:25,110 --> 00:13:29,900
Unaweza kuanza kwa taswira angalau kwamba
printf ni kuchukua katika baadhi ya fomu ya pembejeo.

292
00:13:29,900 --> 00:13:31,850
Si kama kirafiki kama mtumiaji
Scratch, lakini ni tu

293
00:13:31,850 --> 00:13:34,920
kama baada plugged katika baadhi thamani huko.

294
00:13:34,920 --> 00:13:38,306
>> Haki zote, sasa hebu kweli
kufanya kitu na hili.

295
00:13:38,306 --> 00:13:40,930
Hivyo baadhi yenu wanaweza kujua kutoka
kuwa shopped darasa kabla,

296
00:13:40,930 --> 00:13:42,638
aliongea na marafiki,
kwamba kwa miaka mingi

297
00:13:42,638 --> 00:13:44,590
tulikuwa kitu kuitwa
Appliance CS50.

298
00:13:44,590 --> 00:13:49,160
Hii ilikuwa ni mrefu kuelezea teknolojia
aitwaye mashine virtual, ambayo

299
00:13:49,160 --> 00:13:51,870
ni kipande cha programu kwamba yako
watangulizi ingekuwa kushusha mbali

300
00:13:51,870 --> 00:13:53,360
tovuti kozi ya kwa ajili ya bure.

301
00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:56,550
Pia ingekuwa kushusha bure kipande
ya programu inayoitwa hypervisor,

302
00:13:56,550 --> 00:14:00,590
kitu kinachoitwa kama VMware,
au VirtualBox, au idadi yoyote

303
00:14:00,590 --> 00:14:04,450
ya zana nyingine, na upande wao wa Mac au PC
au chochote kompyuta walikuwa na mwaka jana

304
00:14:04,450 --> 00:14:06,620
na katika miaka ya nyuma, wao
ingekuwa bonyeza mara mbili icon

305
00:14:06,620 --> 00:14:08,860
kuendesha programu hii
aitwaye hypervisor.

306
00:14:08,860 --> 00:14:12,220
Na kisha ndani ya mpango huo
wangeweza kufungua appliance CS50.

307
00:14:12,220 --> 00:14:14,710
Na athari ni kwamba
kama mtangulizi wa kwako

308
00:14:14,710 --> 00:14:17,780
alikuwa akikimbia Mac OS au
Madirisha, yeye au yeye kisha

309
00:14:17,780 --> 00:14:22,910
hatimaye alikuwa dirisha mpya juu yao
screen mbio mazingira CS50.

310
00:14:22,910 --> 00:14:27,370
Hivyo mashine virtual inakuwezesha kuendesha moja
mfumo wa uendeshaji ndani ya jingine,

311
00:14:27,370 --> 00:14:28,785
na kwamba ni nini hasa tulivyofanya.

312
00:14:28,785 --> 00:14:31,410
Katika zaidi ya shaka sisi
kutumia mfumo wa uendeshaji kuitwa

313
00:14:31,410 --> 00:14:34,070
Linux, hasa
Ubuntu Linux, na hii

314
00:14:34,070 --> 00:14:37,590
Ni njia nzuri sana katika kipindi cha miaka ya
kuhakikisha kuwa kila mtu katika mwendo

315
00:14:37,590 --> 00:14:38,840
tu alikuwa mazingira sawa.

316
00:14:38,840 --> 00:14:41,339
Na unaweza kutumia aina yoyote ya
kompyuta kwamba kweli wanataka.

317
00:14:41,339 --> 00:14:43,930
Miongoni mwa downsides, ingawa,
walikuwa ni kama gigabytes mbili

318
00:14:43,930 --> 00:14:45,480
kwa kushusha jambo hili.

319
00:14:45,480 --> 00:14:50,310
Haikuwa lazima kufanya kazi vizuri juu ya super
watu ambao kompyuta kwamba labda tu

320
00:14:50,310 --> 00:14:54,570
alikuwa GIG au zaidi ya RAM, au la
gigahertz wengi mno wa CPU kasi,

321
00:14:54,570 --> 00:14:56,750
na hivyo mwaka huu, kwa
huu na sababu nyingine,

322
00:14:56,750 --> 00:14:59,140
na sisi wamekuwa kipindi cha mpito
kwa mazingira haya.

323
00:14:59,140 --> 00:15:03,730
Kinachojulikana CS50 IDE, ambayo ni
kulingana na wazi chanzo programu,

324
00:15:03,730 --> 00:15:07,380
na jukwaa mkono
kwamba kampuni inayoitwa Cloud9

325
00:15:07,380 --> 00:15:11,110
inasaidia katika Ulaya, kwamba
inaruhusu yetu kuwa na kimsingi

326
00:15:11,110 --> 00:15:15,770
kuwa halisi mazingira kama hicho katika
miaka ya nyuma, lakini katika kile kinachoitwa wingu.

327
00:15:15,770 --> 00:15:17,532
>> Kwa hiyo kile ni wingu?

328
00:15:17,532 --> 00:15:20,480
Ve pengine clicked
icon yake juu ya Mac au PC yako.

329
00:15:20,480 --> 00:15:22,210
Ni wingu nini?

330
00:15:22,210 --> 00:15:22,709
Yeah?

331
00:15:22,709 --> 00:15:25,880

332
00:15:25,880 --> 00:15:26,780
Kidogo nguvu zaidi.

333
00:15:26,780 --> 00:15:30,510

334
00:15:30,510 --> 00:15:31,010
Naam.

335
00:15:31,010 --> 00:15:33,770
Ni tu rundo la kompyuta
mahali pengine kwamba kuhifadhi data na kukimbia

336
00:15:33,770 --> 00:15:34,880
programu na kama.

337
00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:39,390
Hivyo ni kweli tu kwa neno de
jure ya kuelezea [? rentable?]

338
00:15:39,390 --> 00:15:40,930
kompyuta wanaoishi mahali pengine.

339
00:15:40,930 --> 00:15:42,810
Kwamba, wewe mwenyewe,
lakini si lazima uwe.

340
00:15:42,810 --> 00:15:45,256
Hivyo wakati data zako, au yako
mipango, ni katika wingu,

341
00:15:45,256 --> 00:15:47,630
ni njia tu ni juu ya mtu
kompyuta mwingine mahali pengine,

342
00:15:47,630 --> 00:15:50,510
na si, uwezekano mkubwa, juu yako
mbali kimwili au desktop.

343
00:15:50,510 --> 00:15:52,990
Na hivyo hiyo ndiyo CS50 IDE sasa ni.

344
00:15:52,990 --> 00:15:55,670
>> Tangu sasa utakuwa kwenda fulani
URL ambayo kuanzisha wewe

345
00:15:55,670 --> 00:16:00,090
kwa, katika tatizo kuweka 1, baadaye hii
wiki, ambayo kisha, juu ya magogo katika,

346
00:16:00,090 --> 00:16:01,480
kukupa mazingira haya.

347
00:16:01,480 --> 00:16:03,896
Na kiasi kama Scratch alikuwa
vikao chache tofauti wanaohusika,

348
00:16:03,896 --> 00:16:06,030
hivyo haina IDE CS50 na hasa kwamba.

349
00:16:06,030 --> 00:16:09,480
Juu upande wa kushoto hapa, wewe ni
kwenda kuona ukoo faili browser.

350
00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:11,930
Hivyo yoyote ya mafaili kwamba
kuweka katika mazingira haya

351
00:16:11,930 --> 00:16:13,346
ni kwenda tu kuwa waliotajwa hapo.

352
00:16:13,346 --> 00:16:14,350
Files na folders.

353
00:16:14,350 --> 00:16:16,790
Juu hapa hapa,
wewe ni kwenda kuona mahali

354
00:16:16,790 --> 00:16:18,420
ambapo unaweza kweli kuandika kanuni yako.

355
00:16:18,420 --> 00:16:21,860
Awali katika C, baadaye katika
mrefu katika PHP na JavaScript,

356
00:16:21,860 --> 00:16:24,739
na, pengine kwa ajili ya fainali
miradi, Ruby au Java au chatu

357
00:16:24,739 --> 00:16:27,280
au idadi yoyote ya lugha ni
mkono katika mazingira haya.

358
00:16:27,280 --> 00:16:30,130
Siyo wakati wote amefungwa
kwa CS50 mahsusi.

359
00:16:30,130 --> 00:16:33,390
>> Na kisha katika kona ya chini hapa,
hasa kwa wale vizuri zaidi,

360
00:16:33,390 --> 00:16:35,590
una kitu
aitwaye dirisha wastaafu.

361
00:16:35,590 --> 00:16:38,770
Na dirisha hili terminal inaruhusu
wewe kutekeleza amri yoyote kwamba

362
00:16:38,770 --> 00:16:40,860
wanataka katika mazingira haya wingu.

363
00:16:40,860 --> 00:16:42,860
Ni utapata kufunga
programu yoyote ya ziada

364
00:16:42,860 --> 00:16:46,810
kwamba unataka kwa kuwa kile kinachoitwa
mizizi, au msimamizi marupurupu.

365
00:16:46,810 --> 00:16:49,930
Hivyo kwa maneno mengine, hata kama hii
ni hatimaye mwenyeji katika wingu,

366
00:16:49,930 --> 00:16:52,400
na hata kama tuna
rahisi ni kwa kiasi fulani

367
00:16:52,400 --> 00:16:57,110
na msingi, literally kuanzisha,
shukrani kwa Dan Armendáriz, na Dino,

368
00:16:57,110 --> 00:17:01,070
na Dan Bradley katika timu CS50 juu ya
kipindi cha miezi mingi, chini ya starehe

369
00:17:01,070 --> 00:17:05,140
hali ya kuwa ngozi mengi ya
Awali utata usumbufu.

370
00:17:05,140 --> 00:17:10,119
Kila kitu hapo ipo kwa ajili
kuwakilisha kawaida mfumo wa kompyuta

371
00:17:10,119 --> 00:17:12,319
kwamba unaweza kutumia katika ulimwengu wa kweli.

372
00:17:12,319 --> 00:17:15,640
>> Hivyo nini hii yote ina maana, na
nini tunaweza kweli kufanya hivyo?

373
00:17:15,640 --> 00:17:19,124
Hebu kweli kuchukua Peek katika mpango huo.

374
00:17:19,124 --> 00:17:21,290
Hivyo nina kwenda kufungua
mazingira halisi hapa,

375
00:17:21,290 --> 00:17:23,894
ambayo ni haki yetu Chrome
browser, ambayo inaweza kuwa Firefox,

376
00:17:23,894 --> 00:17:26,640
inaweza kuwa Internet Explorer,
au baadhi browser nyingine kama vile.

377
00:17:26,640 --> 00:17:28,400
Ni kamili kupimwa hapa kwa muda.

378
00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:31,580
Na mimi nataka kwa kweli tease
mbali nini mpango huu ilikuwa.

379
00:17:31,580 --> 00:17:36,170
Hivyo hebu tuangalie, kwa zooming katika juu
Juu, saa nini mimi, na jinsi I got hapa.

380
00:17:36,170 --> 00:17:38,315
Hivyo hapa ni wale halisi
mistari hiyo ya kificho.

381
00:17:38,315 --> 00:17:40,440
Hivyo hii ni kauli,
kama wewe zilizotajwa hapo awali.

382
00:17:40,440 --> 00:17:42,580
Kazi ambayo anasema hello.

383
00:17:42,580 --> 00:17:45,870
Braces curly, juu ya
mstari nne na mstari sita,

384
00:17:45,870 --> 00:17:49,290
labda aina ya wafunika
kuwa mstari wa kuihusisha

385
00:17:49,290 --> 00:17:50,890
na kiini cha mpango wangu.

386
00:17:50,890 --> 00:17:54,890
Hivyo kweli, hii kuu keyword,
hiyo ni hadi pale kwenye mstari tatu,

387
00:17:54,890 --> 00:17:59,450
unaweza kufikiria kwamba kama sawa
ya kwamba wakati kijani bendera clicked,

388
00:17:59,450 --> 00:18:01,080
kuzuia katika Scratch.

389
00:18:01,080 --> 00:18:05,280
Hivyo kwamba wote sisi hapa, ni wakati
kijani bendera clicked, magazeti, au kusema,

390
00:18:05,280 --> 00:18:06,700
hujambo dunia.

391
00:18:06,700 --> 00:18:11,210
>> Lakini hebu kuchukua nadhani, sasa, katika kile
kwanza, zaidi arcane mstari huu, ni.

392
00:18:11,210 --> 00:18:15,100
Mkali ni pamoja na, wazi angled
mabano, kiwango I / O nukta h,

393
00:18:15,100 --> 00:18:17,320
karibu angled bracket.

394
00:18:17,320 --> 00:18:19,850
Je, ni kwamba labda kufanya,
hasa kama wameweza iliyowekwa

395
00:18:19,850 --> 00:18:21,390
kabla katika lugha nyingine.

396
00:18:21,390 --> 00:18:21,890
Yeah?

397
00:18:21,890 --> 00:18:22,765
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

398
00:18:22,765 --> 00:18:25,095

399
00:18:25,095 --> 00:18:25,970
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

400
00:18:25,970 --> 00:18:26,470
Hasa.

401
00:18:26,470 --> 00:18:29,455
Hivyo hii ni kutoa huduma ya
maktaba, hivyo kusema, ya kazi.

402
00:18:29,455 --> 00:18:31,830
Na maktaba ya kazi ni
kazi ambayo mtu mwingine

403
00:18:31,830 --> 00:18:34,406
aliandika, ama hivi karibuni
au muda mrefu uliopita, ili uweze

404
00:18:34,406 --> 00:18:35,780
huna kuyapitia tena.

405
00:18:35,780 --> 00:18:39,020
Kwa mfano, hatufanyi
una kujua, katika mwaka 2015,

406
00:18:39,020 --> 00:18:42,280
jinsi ya kuandika kificho kwamba unaweka
tabia kwenye screen yangu.

407
00:18:42,280 --> 00:18:44,820
Mtu mwingine ina figured kwamba
nje na printf kazi

408
00:18:44,820 --> 00:18:47,280
ili niweze aina ya kufikirika
mbali na kwamba, au safu

409
00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:49,350
juu ya yake
kanuni, na sasa tu kuchukua

410
00:18:49,350 --> 00:18:52,760
nafasi ya kwamba mpango wowote naandika
Unaweza magazeti kitu cha screen.

411
00:18:52,760 --> 00:18:58,150
Hivyo mstari huu kwanza huko katika hatua moja
pamoja na kile kinachoitwa kichwa faili

412
00:18:58,150 --> 00:18:59,980
kwa ajili ya maktaba standard.

413
00:18:59,980 --> 00:19:02,630
Basi tazama, lugha katika
ambayo sisi ni sasa wanafanya kazi

414
00:19:02,630 --> 00:19:05,010
alikuwa maktaba kiwango
kwa kura ya kazi.

415
00:19:05,010 --> 00:19:07,240
Printf ni mmoja wao, na
kuwa mstari wa kwanza wa kanuni

416
00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:10,040
ina maana nipe upatikanaji wa
kazi hizo, ili mimi

417
00:19:10,040 --> 00:19:12,300
huna kuyapitia hiyo.

418
00:19:12,300 --> 00:19:15,940
>> Sasa hebu kwenda chini dirisha
na kufanya nini hasa mimi hapo awali.

419
00:19:15,940 --> 00:19:18,520
Wakati iliyopita, nilipokuwa
whizzing kwa njia ya kanuni,

420
00:19:18,520 --> 00:19:24,540
kuandika nje kwa mara ya kwanza,
Mimi haraka sana typed, kufanya hello.

421
00:19:24,540 --> 00:19:28,250
Nini ni kwamba wote kuhusu ingekuwa wewe nadhani?

422
00:19:28,250 --> 00:19:29,150
Nini mimi kufanya?

423
00:19:29,150 --> 00:19:29,649
Yeah?

424
00:19:29,649 --> 00:19:31,810

425
00:19:31,810 --> 00:19:32,310
Kamwe akili.

426
00:19:32,310 --> 00:19:32,970
Ni sawa.

427
00:19:32,970 --> 00:19:33,492
Naam.

428
00:19:33,492 --> 00:19:34,450
Watazamaji: Kuandaa yake.

429
00:19:34,450 --> 00:19:34,700
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

430
00:19:34,700 --> 00:19:35,770
Ilikuwa tu kuandaa yake.

431
00:19:35,770 --> 00:19:36,270
Sawa?

432
00:19:36,270 --> 00:19:39,280
Hata kama hii ni kabisa usio wa kawaida
na wewe, ni pretty Kiingereza kama.

433
00:19:39,280 --> 00:19:41,155
Ni hakika si zeros
na ndio, hivyo mimi bado

434
00:19:41,155 --> 00:19:44,220
haja ya kukimbia kwa njia ya kwamba kinachojulikana
mpango, compiler, ambayo inaenda

435
00:19:44,220 --> 00:19:46,060
kuchukua ni kama pembejeo na kuzalisha pato.

436
00:19:46,060 --> 00:19:48,270
Na angalau, kwa sasa, katika
mazingira haya Linux,

437
00:19:48,270 --> 00:19:51,030
lakini hii si sharti,
hii ni ambapo tutaweza kuanza,

438
00:19:51,030 --> 00:19:53,960
wewe kwa ujumla kuingiliana na
mifumo ya kompyuta kama hii

439
00:19:53,960 --> 00:19:55,770
na kile kinachoitwa mstari amri.

440
00:19:55,770 --> 00:19:57,790
Hivyo, pamoja na blinking
haraka na keyboard yako,

441
00:19:57,790 --> 00:20:01,630
na si sana panya yako, na si
hivyo madirisha mengi na icons na menus,

442
00:20:01,630 --> 00:20:02,980
badala kila kitu ni textual.

443
00:20:02,980 --> 00:20:06,180
Na hata kama hii anahisi, kwa mara ya kwanza
mtazamo, labda, kama hatua nyuma,

444
00:20:06,180 --> 00:20:08,437
ni kweli mengi zaidi
njia ya nguvu na expressive

445
00:20:08,437 --> 00:20:10,270
ya kudhibiti kompyuta
hasa kama wewe,

446
00:20:10,270 --> 00:20:12,950
wewe mwenyewe, kuwa zaidi
vizuri kutoka chini.

447
00:20:12,950 --> 00:20:16,790
Ni kwenda kuruhusu kufanya mengi
mambo zaidi ya yale Microsoft

448
00:20:16,790 --> 00:20:20,390
au Apple inaruhusu kufanya na
graphical yao ya mfumo wa uendeshaji.

449
00:20:20,390 --> 00:20:23,270
>> Hivyo wakati mimi hit Enter, sasa,
hakuna kinachotokea wakati huu

450
00:20:23,270 --> 00:20:25,960
kwa sababu inaonekana
Mpango hodi ni hadi tarehe.

451
00:20:25,960 --> 00:20:28,250
Na ilikuwa ni nini amri
Mimi mbio baada ya hapo?

452
00:20:28,250 --> 00:20:32,370
Dot kufyeka hodi, na hujambo dunia.

453
00:20:32,370 --> 00:20:34,350
Sasa hebu kuchukua hatua
kuunga kwa muda tu.

454
00:20:34,350 --> 00:20:39,510
Ni zinageuka kuwa kufanya hello ni
njia rahisi ya kuandaa mpango huo.

455
00:20:39,510 --> 00:20:41,670
Hebu tu kuanzisha
kipande kimoja cha jargon,

456
00:20:41,670 --> 00:20:43,470
lakini kisha kuondoka
kutokana na hilo, tangu ni si

457
00:20:43,470 --> 00:20:46,640
yote ya kuvutia
kwa madhumuni ya leo.

458
00:20:46,640 --> 00:20:51,000
Compiler tunakwenda kuanza kutumia
inaitwa Clang, kwa C lugha.

459
00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:54,280
Na hii ni mpango kwamba kukimbia tu
kama tulivyofanya katika mstari amri huko.

460
00:20:54,280 --> 00:20:56,580
Na hivyo kama nataka
kukusanya mpango kwamba mimi

461
00:20:56,580 --> 00:21:00,790
wameandika katika faili inayoitwa hodi nukta
c, mimi literally aina tu Clang hodi c

462
00:21:00,790 --> 00:21:02,100
kuingia.

463
00:21:02,100 --> 00:21:04,880
>> Kitu funny ni,
kwa sababu za kihistoria,

464
00:21:04,880 --> 00:21:07,750
kama si bayana
jina la mpango

465
00:21:07,750 --> 00:21:11,690
kuwa nataka pato, kama si
kutaja jina faili kwa zeros wale

466
00:21:11,690 --> 00:21:14,990
na ndio, weird sana
Miaka mkataba ilipitishwa iliyopita

467
00:21:14,990 --> 00:21:17,390
ambapo waliona aina ya
jibu nzuri kwa wakati mmoja,

468
00:21:17,390 --> 00:21:21,650
vizuri hebu tu kiholela wito
mpango wa kwanza sisi kukusanya dot nje.

469
00:21:21,650 --> 00:21:22,900
A anakuja kwanza katika alfabeti.

470
00:21:22,900 --> 00:21:23,920
Nje, ni pato.

471
00:21:23,920 --> 00:21:26,210
Hivyo sisi kuwaita mpango
by default nukta nje.

472
00:21:26,210 --> 00:21:29,550
Na hiyo ni nzuri kwa sababu kama nataka
kuendesha programu katika fungu hili kwa kuzingatia

473
00:21:29,550 --> 00:21:33,590
mazingira, mimi tu aina
dot dot kufyeka nje kuingia.

474
00:21:33,590 --> 00:21:35,250
Na ingekuwa kukimbia hasa kama kabla.

475
00:21:35,250 --> 00:21:36,880
Basi hebu angalia kwamba kweli haraka.

476
00:21:36,880 --> 00:21:40,370
>> Hivyo kama mimi kurejea yangu
chanzo kanuni katika CS50 IDE,

477
00:21:40,370 --> 00:21:47,860
na mimi badala kufanya hivyo, Clang hodi kitanda
c kuingia, ilani kitu inaonekana kutokea,

478
00:21:47,860 --> 00:21:49,790
lakini karibu kila mara katika
mazingira haya Linux,

479
00:21:49,790 --> 00:21:53,310
wakati hakuna kitu kibaya inaonekana kutokea, kwamba
ina maana kitu kizuri hasa kilichotokea.

480
00:21:53,310 --> 00:21:56,270
Kama huna kuona makosa
Ujumbe, kila pengine ni vizuri.

481
00:21:56,270 --> 00:22:01,930
Na hakika, kama mimi sasa kufanya dot dot kufyeka
nje kuingia, nimekuwa kuendesha programu yangu mmoja.

482
00:22:01,930 --> 00:22:04,610
Bado nina mpango hodi
kutoka mapema kwa sababu kwa hakika, ni

483
00:22:04,610 --> 00:22:07,430
kwenda kuwa hivyo nicer tu
aina kufanya badala ya kukumbuka

484
00:22:07,430 --> 00:22:10,240
incantations hizi za
amri, lakini hebu angalia jinsi sisi

485
00:22:10,240 --> 00:22:12,890
inaweza kuboresha juu hii, hata hivyo.

486
00:22:12,890 --> 00:22:15,340
>> Hivyo, hii ni amri
kukusanya kificho.

487
00:22:15,340 --> 00:22:19,100
Hii ni amri ya kuendesha
ulioandaliwa kificho baada ya hapo.

488
00:22:19,100 --> 00:22:20,546
Ninawezaje kutaja jina la faili?

489
00:22:20,546 --> 00:22:22,670
Vizuri hebu tu kuanzisha
moja zaidi ya kipande cha jargon.

490
00:22:22,670 --> 00:22:24,461
Wakati uko katika hii
Nakala ya msingi mazingira,

491
00:22:24,461 --> 00:22:27,400
wewe ni kwenda kutaka kutaja
mambo kuitwa hoja mstari amri.

492
00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:31,380
Ambayo ni njia tu ya dhana ya kusema,
Yaani katika haraka kwamba

493
00:22:31,380 --> 00:22:33,860
tweak tabia ya chochote
Mpango wewe ni mbio.

494
00:22:33,860 --> 00:22:37,320
Hivyo hasa mpango mimi nina
kukimbia, kwa kuandika jina Clang,

495
00:22:37,320 --> 00:22:38,504
ni mpango ujulikanao Clang.

496
00:22:38,504 --> 00:22:40,920
Hivyo hii ni au umri wa shule
sawa na mara mbili-kubonyeza

497
00:22:40,920 --> 00:22:42,860
juu ya Microsoft Word au
icon baadhi programu hiyo.

498
00:22:42,860 --> 00:22:46,360
Mimi badala tu kuandika jina lake,
lakini katika toleo la amri,

499
00:22:46,360 --> 00:22:51,334
Mimi kisha kuwa dash o nafasi
hodi hodi nafasi nukta c.

500
00:22:51,334 --> 00:22:53,500
Hivyo hata kama wewe sijawahi
alicheza katika dunia hii kabla,

501
00:22:53,500 --> 00:22:58,160
tu kuchukua nadhani nini
haina dash o hodi nini?

502
00:22:58,160 --> 00:23:00,620
Au ni nini kuwaambia Clang kufanya nini?

503
00:23:00,620 --> 00:23:01,386
Naam.

504
00:23:01,386 --> 00:23:02,455
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

505
00:23:02,455 --> 00:23:03,330
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

506
00:23:03,330 --> 00:23:08,614
Ni tu unaweka pato faili la kuwa
hodi badala ya sillier nukta nje.

507
00:23:08,614 --> 00:23:09,780
Na kwa kweli, hebu jaribu hii.

508
00:23:09,780 --> 00:23:14,250
Hivyo kama mimi sasa kufanya, kwanza
hebu kufanya hivyo, r m hodi.

509
00:23:14,250 --> 00:23:15,590
Hiyo ni kuondoa.

510
00:23:15,590 --> 00:23:18,450
Na itakuja kusema kuondoa
faili ya kawaida hodi, ambayo

511
00:23:18,450 --> 00:23:22,210
ni usiokuwa arcane, lakini ni tu
njia unataka kufuta faili,

512
00:23:22,210 --> 00:23:23,230
na mimi aina y kwa ndiyo.

513
00:23:23,230 --> 00:23:27,340
Na taarifa, kama ungekuwa glancing juu
kushoto, haikuwa kutoweka kutoka huko.

514
00:23:27,340 --> 00:23:32,180
Napenda sasa kufanya Clang dash o, na
Mimi nina kwenda mbele na kufanya hello,

515
00:23:32,180 --> 00:23:34,890
katika mechi zote, hodi nukta c.

516
00:23:34,890 --> 00:23:37,775
Sasa, kama mimi kufanya dot slash
hodi, gani, unatarajia?

517
00:23:37,775 --> 00:23:41,240

518
00:23:41,240 --> 00:23:42,430
>> Labda ni kesi nyeti.

519
00:23:42,430 --> 00:23:43,070
Labda ni si.

520
00:23:43,070 --> 00:23:44,030
Hebu angalia.

521
00:23:44,030 --> 00:23:45,230
Hakuna vile faili au directory.

522
00:23:45,230 --> 00:23:47,438
Na tunaweza aina ya kudanganya na
tu kuangalia juu kushoto.

523
00:23:47,438 --> 00:23:49,630
Nini mimi ni wazi
kuokoa mpango kama?

524
00:23:49,630 --> 00:23:51,070
Wote kofia hodi.

525
00:23:51,070 --> 00:23:53,020
Hivyo kweli, hiyo ni kwenda
ili kuleta mabadiliko.

526
00:23:53,020 --> 00:23:54,540
Hivyo sasa hujambo dunia ni nyuma.

527
00:23:54,540 --> 00:23:56,969
Sasa hii yote ni mzuri na mwema,
na wote sana akili-numbing,

528
00:23:56,969 --> 00:23:59,760
kwa namna ya kupata bogged chini katika haya
maelezo, lakini kuelewa kwao

529
00:23:59,760 --> 00:24:00,500
ni nzuri.

530
00:24:00,500 --> 00:24:02,675
>> Kuandika nje hizi inazidi
incantations kwa muda mrefu

531
00:24:02,675 --> 00:24:05,980
si kwenda kuwa hasa
furaha, hivyo watu katika dunia

532
00:24:05,980 --> 00:24:08,260
zuliwa mpango mwingine,
baadhi ya miaka iliyopita, aitwaye

533
00:24:08,260 --> 00:24:12,190
kufanya, kwamba rahisi kabisa
utapata aina ya kufanya,

534
00:24:12,190 --> 00:24:14,530
jina la mpango
unataka kufanya, na kufanya

535
00:24:14,530 --> 00:24:18,580
ni smart katika kwamba itakuwa kuangalia katika
folder sasa, aka directory,

536
00:24:18,580 --> 00:24:21,440
na kama una faili
aitwaye hodi nukta c,

537
00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:25,800
kuwa ni faili itakuwa kukusanya
kwa wewe katika mpango ujulikanao hodi.

538
00:24:25,800 --> 00:24:29,950
Hivyo ni njia rahisi sana ya
kufanya amri zaidi cryptic

539
00:24:29,950 --> 00:24:30,800
kwamba tulifanya mapema.

540
00:24:30,800 --> 00:24:34,080
Na sisi kabla ya kimeundwa
CS50 IDE kujua

541
00:24:34,080 --> 00:24:38,560
kwamba ni lazima kufanya dash o na idadi ya
bendera mengine, au hoja mstari amri,

542
00:24:38,560 --> 00:24:40,670
kwamba tutaweza kuona kabla ya muda mrefu.

543
00:24:40,670 --> 00:24:43,700
>> Lakini hebu sasa kwa kweli kufanya
kitu zaidi ya kuvutia.

544
00:24:43,700 --> 00:24:46,950
Kuandika tu nje hujambo dunia yote
muda si yote ya kulazimisha.

545
00:24:46,950 --> 00:24:52,280
Hivyo basi mimi kwenda mbele na mabadiliko
mpango huu na kusema, hello Daudi.

546
00:24:52,280 --> 00:24:54,120
Sasa mimi nina kwenda chini hapa.

547
00:24:54,120 --> 00:24:57,360
Mimi nina kwenda mbele na kufanya kufanya hello.

548
00:24:57,360 --> 00:25:00,652
Na tena sasa wewe ni kuona
kufanya ni kuonyesha wewe tena

549
00:25:00,652 --> 00:25:03,360
mlolongo wa amri kwamba ni
kufanya kwa sababu tumekuwa kabla ya kimeundwa

550
00:25:03,360 --> 00:25:05,200
kwa njia hiyo, lakini sisi
haja ya wasiwasi kwa sasa

551
00:25:05,200 --> 00:25:10,735
nini ni kufanya mengine kuliko ilivyo
kuandaa nukta kufyeka hello, hujambo dunia.

552
00:25:10,735 --> 00:25:14,969

553
00:25:14,969 --> 00:25:15,510
Nini mbaya?

554
00:25:15,510 --> 00:25:16,177
Naam.

555
00:25:16,177 --> 00:25:17,370
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

556
00:25:17,370 --> 00:25:18,203
>> DAVID J. Malan: Ndiyo.

557
00:25:18,203 --> 00:25:19,600
Hivyo, Noobie kosa.

558
00:25:19,600 --> 00:25:22,394
Mimi taarifa hii ni super hila,
lakini kinyota hapa, katika tabo,

559
00:25:22,394 --> 00:25:25,060
tu ina maana wewe si kuokolewa,
na browsers na programu nyingine

560
00:25:25,060 --> 00:25:25,930
kufanya hivyo wakati mwingine.

561
00:25:25,930 --> 00:25:27,939
Hivyo kudhibiti s au amri
s lazima kuokoa yake.

562
00:25:27,939 --> 00:25:29,730
Sasa basi mimi kwenda mbele
na re-kukimbia mpango.

563
00:25:29,730 --> 00:25:33,360

564
00:25:33,360 --> 00:25:34,260
Recompiled.

565
00:25:34,260 --> 00:25:36,050
Haki, hivyo ni mchakato hatua mbalimbali.

566
00:25:36,050 --> 00:25:39,400
Hakuna hata mmoja ambayo ni hasa tata,
lakini wakati wowote sisi mabadiliko ya faili,

567
00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:43,450
tunahitaji mabadiliko kusababisha
zeros na ndio, na dot slash hodi.

568
00:25:43,450 --> 00:25:43,950
Wow.

569
00:25:43,950 --> 00:25:46,450
Hivyo hii ni aghali sana
kwamba sisi tu kuchapishwa hii.

570
00:25:46,450 --> 00:25:48,360
Hebu kufanya mambo a
kidogo nguvu zaidi, sasa.

571
00:25:48,360 --> 00:25:52,280
>> Naam ni zamu nje, kwamba kama
Mwanzo, C inasaidia vigezo.

572
00:25:52,280 --> 00:25:54,790
Na zinageuka kama unataka
kuwa na kutofautiana kwamba maduka,

573
00:25:54,790 --> 00:25:57,300
si idadi kama sisi
kawaida alivyofanya kwa Scratch,

574
00:25:57,300 --> 00:26:01,300
lakini kama neno, au a
maneno, au jina, wewe

575
00:26:01,300 --> 00:26:04,837
Unaweza kutaja kutofautiana
kuwa ya kamba aina.

576
00:26:04,837 --> 00:26:06,670
Hivyo tutaweza kuona zaidi ya
hizi katika muda tu,

577
00:26:06,670 --> 00:26:09,090
lakini zinageuka kuwa C, na
mengi ya lugha kama hayo,

578
00:26:09,090 --> 00:26:11,240
na aina maalum sana ya vigezo.

579
00:26:11,240 --> 00:26:13,810
Siyo tu kama algebra,
ambapo unaweza kupata x, y, na z

580
00:26:13,810 --> 00:26:16,940
na wale ni tu daima
idadi, katika lugha ya programu

581
00:26:16,940 --> 00:26:20,030
unaweza kuhifadhi idadi, unaweza
kuhifadhi wahusika mtu binafsi,

582
00:26:20,030 --> 00:26:24,619
unaweza kuhifadhi maneno nzima, ungeweza
kuhifadhi picha nzima, mafaili yote ya sauti,

583
00:26:24,619 --> 00:26:25,160
na kama.

584
00:26:25,160 --> 00:26:28,362
Kwa hiyo, tunahitaji bayana nini
aina ya kutofautiana yetu ni.

585
00:26:28,362 --> 00:26:31,570
Na kwa mkataba mimi nina kwenda kuwaita yangu
s kutofautiana kwa sababu tu ni succinct,

586
00:26:31,570 --> 00:26:33,510
na s anasimama kwa kamba.

587
00:26:33,510 --> 00:26:36,400
>> Na kisha mimi nina kwenda kuhifadhi
ndani ya kutofautiana hivyo,

588
00:26:36,400 --> 00:26:39,570
tu kama na Scratch
wakati mimi kutumia kuzuia kuweka,

589
00:26:39,570 --> 00:26:41,950
Mimi nina kwenda kutumia
operator zoezi katika C,

590
00:26:41,950 --> 00:26:45,290
ambayo nicely kutosha ni sawa
ishara, lakini ishara sawa gani hii.

591
00:26:45,290 --> 00:26:53,220
Ni hatua kitu kutoka haki katika
upande wa wa kujieleza wa kushoto.

592
00:26:53,220 --> 00:26:57,170
Hivyo nini nimefanya, kuwa wazi katika
mstari tano, ni nimekuwa alitangaza kutofautiana.

593
00:26:57,170 --> 00:27:01,284
Nimekuwa aliiambia kompyuta, nipe
kumbukumbu kwa kutofautiana, kuiita s,

594
00:27:01,284 --> 00:27:03,950
na kujua mapema kwamba mimi nina kwenda
kuwa na kuweka kamba ndani yake.

595
00:27:03,950 --> 00:27:05,950
Na kamba tu
mlolongo wa wahusika.

596
00:27:05,950 --> 00:27:09,190
Ni neno, au maneno, au aya,
lakini ni mlolongo wa wahusika.

597
00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:10,610
Siyo namba.

598
00:27:10,610 --> 00:27:13,800
Nini kamba Mimi ni kwenda kuwa
kuweka katika kwamba kutofautiana?

599
00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:16,185
Naam, inaonekana kunukuu
unquote, "Hana".

600
00:27:16,185 --> 00:27:17,810
Sasa angalia mfano hiyo kujitokeza.

601
00:27:17,810 --> 00:27:19,260
Kuna mkono wa kushoto kujieleza.

602
00:27:19,260 --> 00:27:21,810
Kuna mkono wa kulia kujieleza ni,
kutengwa kwa ishara sawa.

603
00:27:21,810 --> 00:27:24,390
Na tu kuchukua nadhani, kama
usio wa kawaida hata hivyo,

604
00:27:24,390 --> 00:27:27,430
na kile semicolon ni kufanya.

605
00:27:27,430 --> 00:27:28,865
Nini ni labda kufanya kwa ajili yetu?

606
00:27:28,865 --> 00:27:29,365
Yeah?

607
00:27:29,365 --> 00:27:29,840
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

608
00:27:29,840 --> 00:27:29,980
>> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

609
00:27:29,980 --> 00:27:31,170
Ni kuahirisha tu mstari.

610
00:27:31,170 --> 00:27:31,669
Sawa?

611
00:27:31,669 --> 00:27:34,260
Kompyuta wanataka kuwa bila kuficha
aliiambia, literally, nini cha kufanya.

612
00:27:34,260 --> 00:27:36,343
Kama siagi ya karanga na
jelly sandwich mfano,

613
00:27:36,343 --> 00:27:39,360
kama huna bayana
nini hasa unakusudia,

614
00:27:39,360 --> 00:27:42,190
inaweza kuachwa kwa hukumu au makosa.

615
00:27:42,190 --> 00:27:44,890
Semicolon maana yake,
hiyo ni kwa ajili amri hii.

616
00:27:44,890 --> 00:27:48,310
Ni kuwa super sahihi, na ni
jambo rahisi sana kuondoka mbali.

617
00:27:48,310 --> 00:27:52,240
Hivyo sasa mpango huu haionekani
kuwa na tabia yoyote tofauti mpaka mimi

618
00:27:52,240 --> 00:27:53,500
kufanya hivyo nguvu zaidi.

619
00:27:53,500 --> 00:27:57,107
Hivyo badala ya ngumu alivyoweza yangu mwenyewe
jina, basi mimi kuweka thamani placeholder.

620
00:27:57,107 --> 00:28:00,190
Na zinageuka kuwa, na Mimi najua hili
kutoka baada ya kusoma nyaraka,

621
00:28:00,190 --> 00:28:04,080
na kutumika kazi kwa miaka, kwamba
printf ilikuwa imeundwa kuwa nguvu.

622
00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:07,510
Huna kujua mapema
nini maneno unataka kuweka ndani yake.

623
00:28:07,510 --> 00:28:11,290
Unaweza badala yake kuwa
placeholder, kama asilimia s, ambayo

624
00:28:11,290 --> 00:28:15,500
ni kwenda kuwaambia
kompyuta, kuweka kamba hapa.

625
00:28:15,500 --> 00:28:17,740
>> Ambayo kamba kufanya tunataka kuweka huko?

626
00:28:17,740 --> 00:28:22,430
Mapenzi zinageuka kuwa kati ya hizi
mabano, ambayo kumbuka, kutenga

627
00:28:22,430 --> 00:28:28,020
pembejeo kwa kazi, kama una
comma kutengwa orodha ya mambo hapa,

628
00:28:28,020 --> 00:28:31,790
sisi kweli kupita katika mbalimbali
pembejeo kwa kazi.

629
00:28:31,790 --> 00:28:33,901
Hivyo tu kama baadhi Scratch
vitalu, waweza si

630
00:28:33,901 --> 00:28:36,150
wamecheza pamoja nao kwa
miradi yako bado au hata kidogo,

631
00:28:36,150 --> 00:28:38,250
baadhi ya vitalu Scratch na pembejeo mbili.

632
00:28:38,250 --> 00:28:41,220
Mbili nyeupe masanduku unaweza
chapa namba au maneno ndani ya.

633
00:28:41,220 --> 00:28:45,210
Hivyo kwa nini C na kazi kama
printf ambayo inaweza kuchukua pembejeo hizo mbili.

634
00:28:45,210 --> 00:28:48,050
Na tena, hii comma
ni kutenganisha yao.

635
00:28:48,050 --> 00:28:51,070
Hivyo katika Kiingereza, tena hata kama
wewe sijawahi iliyowekwa mbele,

636
00:28:51,070 --> 00:28:55,320
na kwamba mantiki printf ni kazi,
inachukua pembejeo mbili, moja ambayo

637
00:28:55,320 --> 00:28:58,810
ni placeholder, ungefanya matumaini
printf ni kwenda kufanya na pembejeo hili?

638
00:28:58,810 --> 00:29:01,470

639
00:29:01,470 --> 00:29:03,220
Ni kwenda kusema hello
Hana, hopefully.

640
00:29:03,220 --> 00:29:05,274
Hivyo kwa kufanya hivyo tunahitaji kuokoa yake.

641
00:29:05,274 --> 00:29:06,190
Mimi nina kwenda kuvuta nje.

642
00:29:06,190 --> 00:29:10,701
Mimi nina kwenda nyuma chini hapa
na kusema, kufanya hello kuingia.

643
00:29:10,701 --> 00:29:11,200
Loo.

644
00:29:11,200 --> 00:29:14,830
Kitu kibaya, na kwa kweli
hii ni balaa kabisa.

645
00:29:14,830 --> 00:29:18,400
Nina mistari sita ya kificho
na kama mistari 12 ya makosa.

646
00:29:18,400 --> 00:29:22,120
Hivyo, kuangalia mbele kwa hili.

647
00:29:22,120 --> 00:29:24,260
Hivyo nini kinaendelea hapa?

648
00:29:24,260 --> 00:29:27,370
Hivyo utawala bora wa thumb hapa,
hasa wakati wewe ni mapya nje,

649
00:29:27,370 --> 00:29:29,370
hawapati aliwasihi kwa
mambo chini.

650
00:29:29,370 --> 00:29:31,220
Kwa kweli, mimi sana kwa makusudi
tu scrolled juu

651
00:29:31,220 --> 00:29:33,930
kwa sababu mara nyingi sana, kompyuta ni
si kwamba mkali wote wa kifaa.

652
00:29:33,930 --> 00:29:35,054
Ni kwenda kupata kuchanganyikiwa.

653
00:29:35,054 --> 00:29:37,220
Kama anaona jambo moja kwamba
haina kuelewa,

654
00:29:37,220 --> 00:29:40,030
inaweza makosa mengine
mstari wa kanuni kama sahihi,

655
00:29:40,030 --> 00:29:41,649
hata kama wao ni kikamilifu faini.

656
00:29:41,649 --> 00:29:43,940
Hivyo daima wanataka kufanya kazi
Juu chini kupitia makosa.

657
00:29:43,940 --> 00:29:47,850
Na admittedly huu ni
super arcane kwa sasa.

658
00:29:47,850 --> 00:29:50,830
>> Makosa, matumizi ya Undeclared
kitambulisho kamba.

659
00:29:50,830 --> 00:29:52,130
Je, I mean kiwango katika?

660
00:29:52,130 --> 00:29:53,720
Hakuna, mimi maana kamba.

661
00:29:53,720 --> 00:29:55,830
Na ni akionyesha, labda ni typo.

662
00:29:55,830 --> 00:30:00,570
Aina ya kama, Spell-kuangalia katika
geeky sana njia, lakini sababu hapa,

663
00:30:00,570 --> 00:30:02,840
na wewe utakuwa kujua hii
tu kwa mazoezi, ni

664
00:30:02,840 --> 00:30:06,390
kuwa ni zamu nje kamba kwamba
haipo katika C. Kwa kweli, C

665
00:30:06,390 --> 00:30:08,820
ni lugha hasa zamani,
na ni kiwango cha chini sana,

666
00:30:08,820 --> 00:30:11,361
na si gani mengi ya makala
kwamba unaweza kuwa mzima

667
00:30:11,361 --> 00:30:14,620
na kama una, kwa kweli, iliyowekwa
katika Java, kama baadhi ya kuwa,

668
00:30:14,620 --> 00:30:16,980
lakini unaweza kufundisha mambo mapya.

669
00:30:16,980 --> 00:30:20,900
Na hakika, tumefanya CS50 hii,
ingawa ifikapo mwishoni mwa muhula,

670
00:30:20,900 --> 00:30:23,512
wote wa magurudumu haya mafunzo
itakuwa zimechukuliwa mbali,

671
00:30:23,512 --> 00:30:25,220
nini cha kufanya katika hizi
michache ya kwanza ya wiki

672
00:30:25,220 --> 00:30:29,830
awali ni pia tuna
wewe ni pamoja na CS50 nukta h.

673
00:30:29,830 --> 00:30:31,230
Ambayo ni header faili.

674
00:30:31,230 --> 00:30:32,440
Zaidi juu ya kwamba katika siku zijazo.

675
00:30:32,440 --> 00:30:36,430
>> Ni faili kwamba ina majukumu
kwamba tuna yameandikwa kwa ajili yenu.

676
00:30:36,430 --> 00:30:39,180
Na miongoni mwa kazi hizo ni
kazi kwa ajili ya kupata pembejeo

677
00:30:39,180 --> 00:30:43,520
kutoka kwa mtumiaji, kama masharti, na
idadi, na idadi halisi, na zaidi.

678
00:30:43,520 --> 00:30:45,550
Lakini pia ina njia za mkato chache.

679
00:30:45,550 --> 00:30:48,200
Ni amefafanua Boolean kama aina data.

680
00:30:48,200 --> 00:30:50,340
C hana kweli au uongo.

681
00:30:50,340 --> 00:30:53,880
Lakini tunaweza kuwapa wazo la
kweli au uongo kwa njia ya maktaba hii.

682
00:30:53,880 --> 00:30:57,670
Na pia hana kamba
kujengwa katika mpaka sisi ni pamoja na mstari huu.

683
00:30:57,670 --> 00:31:01,090
Hivyo mstari wa kanuni anaelezea
compiler, hey, Clang, angalia

684
00:31:01,090 --> 00:31:03,570
katika faili hii kwa ujumla
rundo la kificho kwamba CS50

685
00:31:03,570 --> 00:31:06,330
ameandika ili
mtu yeyote kutumia faili hili

686
00:31:06,330 --> 00:31:09,330
unaweza kuchukua kwa nafasi
makala wameweza aliongeza.

687
00:31:09,330 --> 00:31:11,220
>> Hivyo sasa napenda kwenda mbele
na ya wazi screen,

688
00:31:11,220 --> 00:31:14,178
na kama curious Mimi tu kusema kudhibiti
l kila wakati kwa wazi screen,

689
00:31:14,178 --> 00:31:15,500
au unaweza aina ya wazi.

690
00:31:15,500 --> 00:31:19,220
Mimi tu kwenda mbele sasa na
aina kufanya hello, na yote ni sawa.

691
00:31:19,220 --> 00:31:22,550
Bado pato arcane, lakini
siyo ujumbe potofu.

692
00:31:22,550 --> 00:31:28,300
Sasa kama mimi kufanya nukta kufyeka hodi, na kama
kando, dot slash ni rahisi kufahamika kwa zaidi.

693
00:31:28,300 --> 00:31:30,430
Ni njia tu, nukta njia
saraka ya sasa.

694
00:31:30,430 --> 00:31:33,120
Hivyo kama wameweza milele kutumika
DOS, au Linux, Unix au

695
00:31:33,120 --> 00:31:35,410
unaweza kuwa amefanya kitu
kama cd nukta nukta, ambapo

696
00:31:35,410 --> 00:31:39,220
dot dot ina maana kurudi nyuma katika
muda, au kurudi nyuma, au juu juu

697
00:31:39,220 --> 00:31:40,370
katika saraka yako.

698
00:31:40,370 --> 00:31:43,090
Dot tu ina maana ukiangalia katika
saraka ya sasa.

699
00:31:43,090 --> 00:31:45,670
Nataka hodi, ambayo ni haki hapa.

700
00:31:45,670 --> 00:31:47,750
Na hakika, sasa anasema hujambo Hana.

701
00:31:47,750 --> 00:31:51,120
Na kama mimi mabadiliko hayo tena
kwa Maria, recompile

702
00:31:51,120 --> 00:31:55,650
ingekuwa kufanya hello, dot slash
hello, mpango anaendelea kubadilisha.

703
00:31:55,650 --> 00:31:58,060
>> Lakini hii bado
pretty kijinga mpango.

704
00:31:58,060 --> 00:32:00,972
Kama mimi nataka meli mpango huu,
au kuwapa rafiki,

705
00:32:00,972 --> 00:32:03,430
au kumpa Maria au Hana
kwa jambo hilo, hiyo ni nzuri.

706
00:32:03,430 --> 00:32:07,300
Siwezi Customize ni kwa wote wawili,
lakini ni kamwe kwenda kuwa nguvu.

707
00:32:07,300 --> 00:32:10,870
Hawawezi mabadiliko hayo mara moja ni compiled
chini katika wale zeros na ndio.

708
00:32:10,870 --> 00:32:12,350
Hivyo kile sisi alifanya kitu nadhifu?

709
00:32:12,350 --> 00:32:17,100
Nini kama, badala ya ngumu-coding
katika mpango jina la mtu huyu,

710
00:32:17,100 --> 00:32:20,890
nini kama sisi tu kupata
kamba juu ya mahitaji?

711
00:32:20,890 --> 00:32:22,430
>> Hivyo kwa maneno mengine, napenda kufanya hivyo.

712
00:32:22,430 --> 00:32:24,030
Mimi nina kwenda recompile mpango huu.

713
00:32:24,030 --> 00:32:25,710
Na napenda kuvuta chini sasa.

714
00:32:25,710 --> 00:32:29,920
Kufanya hello dot slash hodi.

715
00:32:29,920 --> 00:32:31,710
Sasa hakuna kinachojitokeza.

716
00:32:31,710 --> 00:32:35,860
Je, tunaweza kupata kujitolea haraka
kufanya kitu kutokea?

717
00:32:35,860 --> 00:32:36,360
Kuja juu juu.

718
00:32:36,360 --> 00:32:37,020
Nini jina lako?

719
00:32:37,020 --> 00:32:37,445
>> Pancho: Pancho.

720
00:32:37,445 --> 00:32:38,361
>> DAVID J. Malan: Pacho?

721
00:32:38,361 --> 00:32:39,609
Kuja juu juu.

722
00:32:39,609 --> 00:32:42,150
Baada ya kupata hapa, hii ni
kwenda kuwa aghali sana,

723
00:32:42,150 --> 00:32:44,060
lakini ni zaidi ya kuvutia
kuliko mimi kuandika.

724
00:32:44,060 --> 00:32:49,007
Kama unataka kwenda mbele na aina yako
jina, nilifanya mpango huu kwa ajili yako tu.

725
00:32:49,007 --> 00:32:49,840
Aina tu jina lako.

726
00:32:49,840 --> 00:32:52,380

727
00:32:52,380 --> 00:32:53,900
Kuingia.

728
00:32:53,900 --> 00:32:54,489
Ajabu.

729
00:32:54,489 --> 00:32:55,780
Haki wote, asante sana.

730
00:32:55,780 --> 00:32:56,708
>> Pancho: Asante sana.

731
00:32:56,708 --> 00:32:57,636
>> DAVID J. Malan: Sawa.

732
00:32:57,636 --> 00:32:59,028
>> [Makofi]

733
00:32:59,028 --> 00:33:00,884

734
00:33:00,884 --> 00:33:01,840
>> Hiyo ilikuwa ni aina sana.

735
00:33:01,840 --> 00:33:03,145
Hapa Go.

736
00:33:03,145 --> 00:33:03,770
Je, tufanye nini?

737
00:33:03,770 --> 00:33:05,930
Hivyo sisi hatimaye, angalau,
alifanya mpango huu wa nguvu.

738
00:33:05,930 --> 00:33:08,400
Sasa ni bado hakika
kwa kubuni aghali,

739
00:33:08,400 --> 00:33:11,480
lakini sisi hatimaye kuwa na uwezo
sasa kuandika kificho mapema, kiasi

740
00:33:11,480 --> 00:33:13,770
kama waandishi wa printf,
na kisha dynamically

741
00:33:13,770 --> 00:33:17,550
kukabiliana kujikita katika sisi ni
mitupu, ama kwa programu,

742
00:33:17,550 --> 00:33:20,610
au kwa binadamu ambaye kweli
mazungumzo na mpango huo.

743
00:33:20,610 --> 00:33:22,990
Basi hebu kweli sasa kujaribu
kufanya chache constructs mengine

744
00:33:22,990 --> 00:33:26,625
na kuona kama hatuwezi kufanya mipango
wenyewe kisasa zaidi.

745
00:33:26,625 --> 00:33:29,250
Basi hebu kwenda mbele na badala ya
kuandika hii moja kutoka mwanzo,

746
00:33:29,250 --> 00:33:31,540
Mimi nina kwenda katika leo
chanzo kanuni na yote haya

747
00:33:31,540 --> 00:33:34,290
inapatikana kwenye kozi ya
tovuti, na unaweza Drag na kuacha ni

748
00:33:34,290 --> 00:33:36,590
katika mazingira yako mwenyewe
kuja Ijumaa mara moja tatizo

749
00:33:36,590 --> 00:33:38,506
seti 1 anatoa
maelekezo, au unaweza

750
00:33:38,506 --> 00:33:41,200
kufanya hivyo katika mstari amri kama
vizuri, lakini zaidi ya kuja katika p kuweka 1.

751
00:33:41,200 --> 00:33:44,940
>> Hebu angalia nini katika mpango huu
hapa aitwaye barabarani, Bafe nukta c.

752
00:33:44,940 --> 00:33:47,970
Sasa nimekuwa tayari maoni
hivyo, lakini nini mpya?

753
00:33:47,970 --> 00:33:51,230
Kwa mtazamo wa kwanza, mstari gani
wa kanuni ni mpya kabisa?

754
00:33:51,230 --> 00:33:53,930

755
00:33:53,930 --> 00:33:56,780
Pengine si kimsingi
usio wa kawaida sasa.

756
00:33:56,780 --> 00:33:58,417
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

757
00:33:58,417 --> 00:34:00,250
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah,
hivyo int x sawa kupata n.

758
00:34:00,250 --> 00:34:03,760
Sisi sijawahi kuona yoyote ya hii
kabla, lakini int pengine ni

759
00:34:03,760 --> 00:34:08,179
ishara kwa aina gani ya
kutofautiana, [? kutoka?] integer.

760
00:34:08,179 --> 00:34:09,040
Hivyo int kwa integer.

761
00:34:09,040 --> 00:34:11,420
Ni tu kuwa zaidi
succinct. x ni tu kiholela.

762
00:34:11,420 --> 00:34:13,920
x na y na z bado ni
pretty busara kwa idadi,

763
00:34:13,920 --> 00:34:16,790
lakini kwa ujumla tutaweza kutumia maneno mara moja
mipango yetu kupata ngumu zaidi.

764
00:34:16,790 --> 00:34:18,940
Kupata int, bila shaka,
kiasi kama kupata kamba,

765
00:34:18,940 --> 00:34:21,629
pengine ni kwenda kupata
int kutoka kwa mtumiaji,

766
00:34:21,629 --> 00:34:23,670
na kisha tunakwenda
kufanya kitu kimoja na y.

767
00:34:23,670 --> 00:34:27,610
Na inaonekana, hata kama hii
mstari wa mwisho, 24, inaonekana ngumu zaidi,

768
00:34:27,610 --> 00:34:32,679
ni kwenda kusema Jumla ya hii
na kwamba ni jambo hili mengine.

769
00:34:32,679 --> 00:34:35,840
>> Na asilimia ilani i
pengine inaashiria nini?

770
00:34:35,840 --> 00:34:38,190
Ni jukumu gani asilimia
i inaonekana kutumika?

771
00:34:38,190 --> 00:34:40,739

772
00:34:40,739 --> 00:34:41,719
Ni placeholders tu.

773
00:34:41,719 --> 00:34:42,219
Sawa?

774
00:34:42,219 --> 00:34:45,149
Asilimia ulikuwa kwa kamba,
asilimia i ni kwa integer.

775
00:34:45,149 --> 00:34:47,690
Kuna kwenda kuwa asilimia f
kwa hatua yaliyo thamani, ambayo

776
00:34:47,690 --> 00:34:49,273
ni tu idadi na decimal uhakika.

777
00:34:49,273 --> 00:34:50,590
Kwa maneno mengine, idadi halisi.

778
00:34:50,590 --> 00:34:55,270
Basi hebu kweli kukusanya hii
mpango halisi haraka na kufanya kufanya fira.

779
00:34:55,270 --> 00:34:57,962
Whoops.

780
00:34:57,962 --> 00:34:58,670
Fursa nzuri.

781
00:34:58,670 --> 00:35:02,970
Hivyo taarifa hapa, wakati huu wote user yangu
jina akaunti hii ni jharvard.

782
00:35:02,970 --> 00:35:06,620
Mimi ni katika CS50 IDE, aka IDE50.

783
00:35:06,620 --> 00:35:11,030
Na sasa katika bluu hapa, ni kutaja, lakini
kutokana na mazingira, bila ambapo mimi.

784
00:35:11,030 --> 00:35:16,050
Na kwa kweli, kama mimi kuvuta hadi juu
hapa, taarifa kwamba nina IDE50

785
00:35:16,050 --> 00:35:19,490
na naona neno hili, kama wewe aina ya
kugeuza kichwa yako kwa upande, workspace.

786
00:35:19,490 --> 00:35:23,890
Kwa kifupi, ukweli kwamba
Mimi nina kuona tilde kufyeka workspace

787
00:35:23,890 --> 00:35:26,910
ina maana kwamba katika fungu hili
msingi amri mazingira,

788
00:35:26,910 --> 00:35:32,300
Mimi ni katika maandishi sawa na
huu graphical folder hapa.

789
00:35:32,300 --> 00:35:35,730
Hivyo wakati mimi kufanya dot slash
fira, ni kusema hakuna utawala

790
00:35:35,730 --> 00:35:37,372
kufanya lengo fira stop.

791
00:35:37,372 --> 00:35:39,830
Sijui nini maana,
lakini ni mbaya kwa sababu fulani.

792
00:35:39,830 --> 00:35:43,310
Hakuna vile faili au directory
ni hata zaidi ya wazi.

793
00:35:43,310 --> 00:35:45,670
Ki wapi basi?

794
00:35:45,670 --> 00:35:47,820
Kulingana na ambapo mimi clicked
kufungua faili ya awali.

795
00:35:47,820 --> 00:35:49,442
Ambapo wanaweza kuwa kitu gani?

796
00:35:49,442 --> 00:35:52,050
>> Ni pengine katika chanzo
w moja, kwa Jumatano,

797
00:35:52,050 --> 00:35:53,960
na Mimi naona ni, kwa kweli,
kama mimi kufungua kwamba up.

798
00:35:53,960 --> 00:35:57,220
Kuna fira nukta c, lakini katika
mazingira haya maandishi yenye makao yake,

799
00:35:57,220 --> 00:35:59,380
tena, nina kuwa super wazi.

800
00:35:59,380 --> 00:36:03,950
Kama nataka kubadili directories katika
chanzo kimoja Jumatano, mimi haja ya aina,

801
00:36:03,950 --> 00:36:07,210
cd nafasi kwa chanzo kimoja
Jumatano kuingia na sasa

802
00:36:07,210 --> 00:36:09,810
mabadiliko yangu ya haraka kwa
nipe cue Visual kwamba

803
00:36:09,810 --> 00:36:12,330
Nina hakika, mahali pengine
katika mazingira yangu,

804
00:36:12,330 --> 00:36:15,710
lakini sasa siwezi kufanya kufanya
fira, inaonekana kufanya kazi,

805
00:36:15,710 --> 00:36:18,190
dot kufyeka fira, nipe integer.

806
00:36:18,190 --> 00:36:19,080
Moja.

807
00:36:19,080 --> 00:36:20,070
Mbili.

808
00:36:20,070 --> 00:36:21,630
Jumla ya kwanza na ya pili ni tatu.

809
00:36:21,630 --> 00:36:24,140
Lakini kama mimi si kushirikiana,
hebu angalia nini kupata int gani.

810
00:36:24,140 --> 00:36:25,200
Nipe integer.

811
00:36:25,200 --> 00:36:26,590
Hakuna

812
00:36:26,590 --> 00:36:27,350
Jaribu tena.

813
00:36:27,350 --> 00:36:29,060
Sawa.

814
00:36:29,060 --> 00:36:30,520
Faini.

815
00:36:30,520 --> 00:36:32,130
50.

816
00:36:32,130 --> 00:36:32,680
50.

817
00:36:32,680 --> 00:36:33,010
Wote haki.

818
00:36:33,010 --> 00:36:34,055
Hivyo hatimaye inashirikiana.

819
00:36:34,055 --> 00:36:36,430
Na hiyo ndiyo baadhi ya
utendaji kwamba kazi hizi

820
00:36:36,430 --> 00:36:37,760
Unaweza wamejenga katika kwa ajili yenu.

821
00:36:37,760 --> 00:36:43,330
>> Hivyo ndani ya utekelezaji
ya kupata int, kompyuta nini

822
00:36:43,330 --> 00:36:47,990
kujenga kutoka wiki iliyopita pengine katika
kuna kumlazimisha tabia hii ya Jaribu tena,

823
00:36:47,990 --> 00:36:49,962
Jaribu tena, jaribu tena?

824
00:36:49,962 --> 00:36:51,670
Naam, kuna pengine
baadhi ya aina ya kitanzi.

825
00:36:51,670 --> 00:36:54,160
Ni kwenda kuangalia syntactically
tofauti na vitalu Scratch wa,

826
00:36:54,160 --> 00:36:55,880
lakini hiyo ni kweli
nini ndani ya faili.

827
00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:58,505
Na katika wiki chache wakati tutaweza
kweli kuangalia maktaba CS50

828
00:36:58,505 --> 00:37:02,000
kama kwa nini ndani, lakini kuna
kitanzi kuweka hasa kwamba.

829
00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:04,840
>> Hebu kucheza silly kidogo
mchezo hapa na faili hii.

830
00:37:04,840 --> 00:37:06,550
Hali sifuri nukta c.

831
00:37:06,550 --> 00:37:08,960
Tunakwenda tu kwa ujumla
kuanza kuhesabu katika sifuri.

832
00:37:08,960 --> 00:37:11,220
Na mimi kuweka scrolling uliopita
baadhi ya mambo juu.

833
00:37:11,220 --> 00:37:15,390
Katika bluu hapa, mipaka na kila
ya nyota hizi na mikwaju,

834
00:37:15,390 --> 00:37:17,310
wale ambao mpango
kabla, hiyo ni nini?

835
00:37:17,310 --> 00:37:18,690
Kwa nini sisi kuweka kuruka juu yake?

836
00:37:18,690 --> 00:37:19,110
Ni nini?

837
00:37:19,110 --> 00:37:19,490
>> Watazamaji: Ni maoni.

838
00:37:19,490 --> 00:37:19,800
>> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

839
00:37:19,800 --> 00:37:20,633
Ni tu maoni.

840
00:37:20,633 --> 00:37:24,160
Hii ni maoni kwa binadamu
kusoma, kwamba kwa upande wetu,

841
00:37:24,160 --> 00:37:27,120
inatuambia nini jina la faili
ni, aliyeandika hayo, na kile yake,

842
00:37:27,120 --> 00:37:28,610
ili huna
kusoma kwa njia ya kificho

843
00:37:28,610 --> 00:37:30,110
kujua nini faili hili ni yote juu.

844
00:37:30,110 --> 00:37:33,110
Ni tu maelezo, lakini
functionally ni lisilo na maana.

845
00:37:33,110 --> 00:37:35,930
Na siwezi hata kufuta kutoka
file yangu na ina athari hakuna.

846
00:37:35,930 --> 00:37:38,740
Mistari Juicy ni haya
mbili ya kwanza hapa, sasa.

847
00:37:38,740 --> 00:37:41,405
int kuu utupu ni sawa
ya wakati wetu kijani bendera clicked,

848
00:37:41,405 --> 00:37:44,030
hivyo tunakwenda kuondoka kwamba kuwa
kwa leo, na tutaweza kurudi,

849
00:37:44,030 --> 00:37:46,940
Hatimaye, kama yale
int na utupu ni, lakini sasa,

850
00:37:46,940 --> 00:37:49,500
taarifa kile nimepata kufanyika
hapa pia, unaweza pia,

851
00:37:49,500 --> 00:37:51,736
kama una sambamba
kutoa maoni, kama una

852
00:37:51,736 --> 00:37:54,670
a walidhani unataka kushiriki
kuhusu mstari fulani ya kanuni,

853
00:37:54,670 --> 00:37:58,910
mkataba katika C ni kufanya kufyeka
kufyeka, na maneno kisha chache succinct,

854
00:37:58,910 --> 00:38:01,500
si hukumu kamili,
ujumla si aya,

855
00:38:01,500 --> 00:38:05,310
kwamba tu anaelezea kwa wewe, au yako
TF, au wasomaji wengine au wafanyakazi,

856
00:38:05,310 --> 00:38:06,990
nini kanuni yako ni kufanya.

857
00:38:06,990 --> 00:38:10,150
Hivyo badala ya na kuangalia
wakati huu na kudai kutoka mistari

858
00:38:10,150 --> 00:38:12,550
tisa na 10, ni nini
hii kufanya, katika mstari nane

859
00:38:12,550 --> 00:38:14,945
I just kutoa maoni kwa
kuuliza mtumiaji kwa integer,

860
00:38:14,945 --> 00:38:17,820
kisha sina kufikiri ngumu sana
kuhusu nini mistari tisa na 10 ni.

861
00:38:17,820 --> 00:38:19,720
Mimi tu kujua kwamba hilo ndilo
pamoja re kufanya.

862
00:38:19,720 --> 00:38:20,460
>> Jinsi gani?

863
00:38:20,460 --> 00:38:22,060
Naam, hapa ni haraka.

864
00:38:22,060 --> 00:38:23,610
Hapa ni kupata ya int.

865
00:38:23,610 --> 00:38:25,984
Na kulingana na uliopita
tabia, inaonekana kama kupata int

866
00:38:25,984 --> 00:38:29,080
ni smart kutosha ili kuhakikisha kuwa
binadamu inashirikiana na anatoa ni

867
00:38:29,080 --> 00:38:30,090
integer.

868
00:38:30,090 --> 00:38:32,270
Lakini sasa tunaona hii.

869
00:38:32,270 --> 00:38:33,740
Na hii ni kukumbusha ya Scratch.

870
00:38:33,740 --> 00:38:36,140
Mimi kudai kwamba mimi nina
kuchambua pembejeo mtumiaji,

871
00:38:36,140 --> 00:38:39,050
lakini kwa kiasi fulani inaccurately.

872
00:38:39,050 --> 00:38:43,200
Na hii inaonekana katika C ni jinsi
sisi kueleza kama mwingine, tawi,

873
00:38:43,200 --> 00:38:46,320
uma katika barabara, lakini mimi
kusema kiasi fulani inaccurately.

874
00:38:46,320 --> 00:38:50,470
Nini mdudu katika mpango huu?

875
00:38:50,470 --> 00:38:51,610
Kuhusu zaidi kuunga?

876
00:38:51,610 --> 00:38:52,223
Naam.

877
00:38:52,223 --> 00:38:53,150
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible] sifuri.

878
00:38:53,150 --> 00:38:54,025
>> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

879
00:38:54,025 --> 00:38:57,630
Hivyo kama mimi aina katika sifuri, hebu fikiria
hasa kwamba kesi kesi, au kona,

880
00:38:57,630 --> 00:38:58,450
kama wewe.

881
00:38:58,450 --> 00:39:02,790
Hivyo kama mimi aina katika sifuri, ambayo ya
vitalu ni kwenda inaonekana kunyakua hiyo?

882
00:39:02,790 --> 00:39:04,660
Kama au pengine?

883
00:39:04,660 --> 00:39:07,340
Kingine, na ni kwenda kusema,
wewe ilichukua namba hasi.

884
00:39:07,340 --> 00:39:10,476
Na hakika, sifuri si walidhani
kuwa chanya au hasi,

885
00:39:10,476 --> 00:39:11,850
na hivyo kwamba itakuwa kimakosa.

886
00:39:11,850 --> 00:39:12,930
Hiyo itakuwa mdudu.

887
00:39:12,930 --> 00:39:14,580
Hivyo ni jinsi gani tunaweza kurekebisha hili?

888
00:39:14,580 --> 00:39:16,360
Mtu ambaye hajawahi iliyowekwa mbele?

889
00:39:16,360 --> 00:39:16,570
Je, want--

890
00:39:16,570 --> 00:39:17,480
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

891
00:39:17,480 --> 00:39:17,990
>> DAVID J. Malan: retracting?

892
00:39:17,990 --> 00:39:18,570
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

893
00:39:18,570 --> 00:39:18,930
>> DAVID J. Malan: Oh, una?

894
00:39:18,930 --> 00:39:20,350
Mtu ambaye hajawahi iliyowekwa mbele.

895
00:39:20,350 --> 00:39:21,750
Wanataka kujaribu mkono wako katika
hivyo, katika shati nyekundu?

896
00:39:21,750 --> 00:39:22,600
Kuja juu juu.

897
00:39:22,600 --> 00:39:25,320
Oh yeah, kuja juu juu, kama huna akili.

898
00:39:25,320 --> 00:39:27,586
Hivyo kamwe baada iliyowekwa
kabla, nini jina lako?

899
00:39:27,586 --> 00:39:28,210
LAUREN: Lauren.

900
00:39:28,210 --> 00:39:29,626
DAVID J. Malan: Lauren, sawa.

901
00:39:29,626 --> 00:39:31,150
Hivyo kurekebisha mdudu hii kwa ajili yetu.

902
00:39:31,150 --> 00:39:35,070
Umefanya hawajaona C, labda,
na pengine hakuna lugha nyingine.

903
00:39:35,070 --> 00:39:38,380
Hivyo kurekebisha mpango huu kwa ajili yetu.

904
00:39:38,380 --> 00:39:39,100
Vyema kukutana na ya.

905
00:39:39,100 --> 00:39:39,615
Hakuna shinikizo.

906
00:39:39,615 --> 00:39:40,156
LAUREN: Naam.

907
00:39:40,156 --> 00:39:43,350

908
00:39:43,350 --> 00:39:46,270
>> DAVID J. Malan: Lakini tena, kama hii
kamari huenda kulingana na mpango,

909
00:39:46,270 --> 00:39:48,350
takeaway hapa mapenzi
kuwa, tu tena, kuanza

910
00:39:48,350 --> 00:39:51,080
taarifa mwelekeo na
infer kutoka syntax zilizopo

911
00:39:51,080 --> 00:39:55,420
jinsi mwingine unaweza kueleza
mwenyewe, pun hakuna lengo, ili

912
00:39:55,420 --> 00:39:58,410
kukamata baadhi ya mazingira ya ziada.

913
00:39:58,410 --> 00:39:59,603
Hivyo sisi ni kusema mwingine kama.

914
00:39:59,603 --> 00:40:04,040

915
00:40:04,040 --> 00:40:05,230
printf, nzuri.

916
00:40:05,230 --> 00:40:09,120
Na taarifa kwa CS50
IDE, na frankly-- IDE

917
00:40:09,120 --> 00:40:11,110
anasimama kwa Integrated
Maendeleo ya Mazingira.

918
00:40:11,110 --> 00:40:14,110
Ni tu njia dhana ya kusema
programu ambayo husaidia mpango.

919
00:40:14,110 --> 00:40:16,779
Ni gani user kirafiki mambo kama
wakati aina mabano moja,

920
00:40:16,779 --> 00:40:18,320
ni moja kwa moja inakupa mmoja.

921
00:40:18,320 --> 00:40:20,760
Dhulma kuwa kwamba wewe ni
hatimaye kwenda kutaka aina hiyo,

922
00:40:20,760 --> 00:40:22,400
na pia anafanya hivyo kwa quotes.

923
00:40:22,400 --> 00:40:24,190
>> Hivyo mimi kama mstari 23.

924
00:40:24,190 --> 00:40:26,400
99% ya njia pale.

925
00:40:26,400 --> 00:40:29,920
Mtu unataka chime katika na ncha?

926
00:40:29,920 --> 00:40:31,420
Nilisikia semicolon kutoka kwa watazamaji.

927
00:40:31,420 --> 00:40:32,080
Nzuri.

928
00:40:32,080 --> 00:40:33,260
Hivyo kwamba tamati hiyo.

929
00:40:33,260 --> 00:40:37,930
Na sasa, mimi tu na kidogo
bumbuazi na mstari 21.

930
00:40:37,930 --> 00:40:41,370
Jinsi gani tunataka kueleza hili?

931
00:40:41,370 --> 00:40:43,370
Ni swali tunataka
kuuliza, unafikiri?

932
00:40:43,370 --> 00:40:46,870

933
00:40:46,870 --> 00:40:50,330
Hivyo awali sisi aliuliza swali,
kama n ni kubwa kuliko sufuri, kufanya hivyo.

934
00:40:50,330 --> 00:40:51,870
Kingine chochote, kufanya hivyo.

935
00:40:51,870 --> 00:40:54,317
Kwa hiyo, tunahitaji kuchagua
kuuliza swali hapa.

936
00:40:54,317 --> 00:40:55,192
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

937
00:40:55,192 --> 00:40:56,530
DAVID J. Malan: Mwema.

938
00:40:56,530 --> 00:40:58,290
Hivyo kama n sawa na sifuri.

939
00:40:58,290 --> 00:41:01,140

940
00:41:01,140 --> 00:41:02,100
Bora.

941
00:41:02,100 --> 00:41:03,080
Basi hebu kutulia hapa.

942
00:41:03,080 --> 00:41:04,850
Asante sana kwa braving hii.

943
00:41:04,850 --> 00:41:10,890
Nikupe kidogo vizuri wanastahili
msongo mpira, labda huko.

944
00:41:10,890 --> 00:41:11,900
Hivyo sisi ni karibu na hapo.

945
00:41:11,900 --> 00:41:14,790
Kwa kweli, Lauren, kama huna
akili, napenda kufanya moja tweak hapa,

946
00:41:14,790 --> 00:41:17,850
tu kuwa thabiti hata kwa
yale tuliona katika Scratch, nini

947
00:41:17,850 --> 00:41:21,080
kufanya mimi wanataka kufanya na mistari
21 na 24, tu tena kwa kuzingatia

948
00:41:21,080 --> 00:41:23,290
juu ya jinsi sisi alifanya hivyo katika Scratch, labda?

949
00:41:23,290 --> 00:41:24,230
>> Watazamaji: Hoja it up.

950
00:41:24,230 --> 00:41:25,605
>> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, hoja hiyo juu.

951
00:41:25,605 --> 00:41:30,260
Hivyo kingine hali, tatu, au
nne, au tano, au mwisho wa tawi,

952
00:41:30,260 --> 00:41:34,100
lazima amekwisha kuja baadaye,
na kwamba tu kwa mkataba,

953
00:41:34,100 --> 00:41:36,047
kwa sababu tu kama wewe.

954
00:41:36,047 --> 00:41:37,380
Hivyo mimi haja ya kufanya tweak hii.

955
00:41:37,380 --> 00:41:39,660
Na mimi haja ya kuweka yangu
curly brace nyuma hapa.

956
00:41:39,660 --> 00:41:42,700
Na sasa, mpango huu kukusanya.

957
00:41:42,700 --> 00:41:46,140
Sisi ni hivyo karibu, lakini kuna
sana, hila sana mdudu.

958
00:41:46,140 --> 00:41:47,200
Hebu kuona nini kinatokea.

959
00:41:47,200 --> 00:41:49,660
>> Kwanza, napenda kwenda mbele na kuvuta nje.

960
00:41:49,660 --> 00:41:53,405
Mimi nina kwenda kwenda mbele na
aina kufanya hali sifuri.

961
00:41:53,405 --> 00:41:55,070
Oh, mimi uongo.

962
00:41:55,070 --> 00:41:58,760
Sasa compiler ni
kweli pretty smart.

963
00:41:58,760 --> 00:42:00,950
Na mimi si kweli kuelewa
ni ujumbe wa kosa.

964
00:42:00,950 --> 00:42:04,310
Kutumia matokeo ya zoezi
kama hali bila mabano,

965
00:42:04,310 --> 00:42:05,740
ni inaonekana mbaya.

966
00:42:05,740 --> 00:42:07,100
Lakini hiyo ina maana gani?

967
00:42:07,100 --> 00:42:10,860
>> Naam tena, kutafuta sampuli
katika kificho kwamba tumeona kabla,

968
00:42:10,860 --> 00:42:16,640
ni mstari 17 kweli kufanya nini,
hata kama Lauren lengo kidogo

969
00:42:16,640 --> 00:42:18,790
vinginevyo?

970
00:42:18,790 --> 00:42:19,290
Naam.

971
00:42:19,290 --> 00:42:21,565
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

972
00:42:21,565 --> 00:42:22,440
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

973
00:42:22,440 --> 00:42:26,610
Basi kumbuka ishara sawa, inaonekana
kama tumekuwa kutumika hivyo kabla, sio sawa.

974
00:42:26,610 --> 00:42:29,240
Zoezi yake, kutoka kulia kwenda kushoto.

975
00:42:29,240 --> 00:42:33,810
Hivyo kujipanga 17 wakati
ni sharti, na ni

976
00:42:33,810 --> 00:42:37,890
utekelezaji kificho ndani ya mabano,
lakini wakati kwamba kanuni executes,

977
00:42:37,890 --> 00:42:42,140
kile kinachotokea kwa thamani ya sifuri?

978
00:42:42,140 --> 00:42:45,250
Nini kinatokea kwa thamani ya n?

979
00:42:45,250 --> 00:42:46,810
Kuwa na sifuri.

980
00:42:46,810 --> 00:42:50,520
Hivyo kama n ni kuwa na sifuri,
na tena, kama kwa wiki iliyopita,

981
00:42:50,520 --> 00:42:54,690
sisi ujumla kusema kwamba sifuri
ni ya uongo na moja ni kweli,

982
00:42:54,690 --> 00:42:57,410
au ndiyo ni moja na hakuna ni sifuri.

983
00:42:57,410 --> 00:42:59,590
Hivyo kweli na uongo, moja na 0.

984
00:42:59,590 --> 00:43:06,090
Kama n kama ya mstari 17 imekuwa
kutokana na thamani 0, ni sifuri kweli?

985
00:43:06,090 --> 00:43:06,590
Hakuna

986
00:43:06,590 --> 00:43:08,280
Kwa ufafanuzi, sifuri ni uongo.

987
00:43:08,280 --> 00:43:10,860
Hiyo ni mkataba tuko
kwenda kung'ang'ania kusonga mbele.

988
00:43:10,860 --> 00:43:17,320
Ndivyo mistari 18, 19, na 20
milele kuomba sasa, mantiki?

989
00:43:17,320 --> 00:43:18,320
Hawawezi.

990
00:43:18,320 --> 00:43:21,640
Hivyo sisi aliuliza swali
lakini just si kabisa,

991
00:43:21,640 --> 00:43:25,620
na bila kujua hii isipokuwa
wameweza kuona hivyo, suluhisho katika C

992
00:43:25,620 --> 00:43:29,610
ni wakati unataka kueleza
usawa, unaweza kusema sawa sawa.

993
00:43:29,610 --> 00:43:33,140
Hivyo ishara sawa tayari alikuwa kutumika juu
na kazi, kutoka kulia kwenda kushoto.

994
00:43:33,140 --> 00:43:35,110
Sawa sawa na njia sawa.

995
00:43:35,110 --> 00:43:37,950
Na kama kweli unataka akili yako
kwa kuwa bent, katika JavaScript na PHP,

996
00:43:37,950 --> 00:43:40,490
kuna ni sawa sawa na usawa, ambayo
maana kitu kingine kabisa,

997
00:43:40,490 --> 00:43:41,990
lakini tutaweza kupata kwamba kabla ya muda mrefu.

998
00:43:41,990 --> 00:43:45,760
>> Hivyo hii ni fix rahisi, lakini kutambua
super rahisi kufanya makosa hayo,

999
00:43:45,760 --> 00:43:48,700
na kisha ajabu na mapambano
kwa muda wa dakika, kama si saa moja,

1000
00:43:48,700 --> 00:43:51,490
kwa nini ni kanuni yangu si
utekelezaji kama mimi na nia?

1001
00:43:51,490 --> 00:43:54,140
Ni kwa sababu wewe hakumwambia
ni just nini maana.

1002
00:43:54,140 --> 00:43:56,450
Ili kwamba ilikuwa karibu
kamili, na ilikuwa kubwa

1003
00:43:56,450 --> 00:44:00,760
kwamba sisi mashaka katika haya kidogo miwili
mambo kwa sababu sasa kama sisi kurekebisha yao,

1004
00:44:00,760 --> 00:44:06,240
na mimi kufanya kufanya hali sifuri
dot kufyeka hali sifuri,

1005
00:44:06,240 --> 00:44:07,490
Ningependa integer tafadhali.

1006
00:44:07,490 --> 00:44:08,090
Hebu angalia.

1007
00:44:08,090 --> 00:44:09,160
Hakuna

1008
00:44:09,160 --> 00:44:10,740
Ni kwenda kunilazimisha kufanya hivyo.

1009
00:44:10,740 --> 00:44:11,990
Hivyo 42.

1010
00:44:11,990 --> 00:44:13,590
Mimi ilichukua idadi chanya.

1011
00:44:13,590 --> 00:44:16,470
Hivyo sasa ni jinsi gani mimi kuthibitisha
mpango huu ni sahihi?

1012
00:44:16,470 --> 00:44:19,990
Kama uko hisabati, huwezi
kweli kuthibitisha hili kwa majaribio na makosa,

1013
00:44:19,990 --> 00:44:20,490
sawa?

1014
00:44:20,490 --> 00:44:23,180
Unaweza ushahidi si tu kwa
mfano, lakini angalau

1015
00:44:23,180 --> 00:44:25,494
kama programu sisi siyo
kwenda kujaribu kuthibitisha kwa sasa

1016
00:44:25,494 --> 00:44:27,660
kwamba hii ni kweli
sahihi, lakini mimi lazima pengine

1017
00:44:27,660 --> 00:44:29,470
mtihani baadhi ya kesi mwakilishi.

1018
00:44:29,470 --> 00:44:31,070
>> Nimekuwa majaribio 42.

1019
00:44:31,070 --> 00:44:33,030
Mimi naweza mtihani 43.

1020
00:44:33,030 --> 00:44:34,910
Mimi naweza mtihani 44.

1021
00:44:34,910 --> 00:44:35,640
Mtihani 45.

1022
00:44:35,640 --> 00:44:36,140
Sawa?

1023
00:44:36,140 --> 00:44:37,860
Lakini mimi naweza kufanya hivyo kweli muda mrefu.

1024
00:44:37,860 --> 00:44:39,925
Nini itakuwa baadhi zaidi
kesi ya kuvutia kujaribu?

1025
00:44:39,925 --> 00:44:41,050
Watazamaji: [inaudible] sifuri.

1026
00:44:41,050 --> 00:44:41,740
DAVID J. Malan: Hivyo sifuri.

1027
00:44:41,740 --> 00:44:42,297
Bila ya shaka.

1028
00:44:42,297 --> 00:44:44,880
Na nzuri, sisi tumepewa ni wakati huu,
shukrani kwa Lauren ya kanuni mpya.

1029
00:44:44,880 --> 00:44:46,213
Nini kesi nyingine nzuri ya kujaribu?

1030
00:44:46,213 --> 00:44:47,320
Watazamaji: Hasi moja.

1031
00:44:47,320 --> 00:44:50,070
>> DAVID J. Malan: Hasi moja, na
labda kitu kidogo kubwa,

1032
00:44:50,070 --> 00:44:52,617
hivyo labda hasi 42,
lakini kwa ujumla, wakati

1033
00:44:52,617 --> 00:44:54,450
kupima programu yako
kusonga mbele, uko

1034
00:44:54,450 --> 00:44:56,325
atataka kufikiria
na wewe mwenyewe, kama yale

1035
00:44:56,325 --> 00:44:58,050
ni msingi kesi tofauti.

1036
00:44:58,050 --> 00:45:01,720
Na mimi kuthubutu kusema kesi hasi,
kesi chanya, na kesi sifuri

1037
00:45:01,720 --> 00:45:03,365
pretty much raundi hizi nje.

1038
00:45:03,365 --> 00:45:04,990
Hebu tuangalie lahaja ya ingawa hii.

1039
00:45:04,990 --> 00:45:06,930
Masharti moja.

1040
00:45:06,930 --> 00:45:11,224
Hii ni ufumbuzi sahihi hapa,
ili utaona mbili na online,

1041
00:45:11,224 --> 00:45:13,390
kama wewe kutembea kwa njia ya
walkthroughs, mapenzi kwa ujumla

1042
00:45:13,390 --> 00:45:18,090
increment haya stepwise mpaka sisi
kupata hasa njia ya haki.

1043
00:45:18,090 --> 00:45:20,070
Nini kama sisi walitaka kuuliza
maswali mawili kwa wakati mmoja?

1044
00:45:20,070 --> 00:45:22,200
>> Hebu kufungua hii badala yake.

1045
00:45:22,200 --> 00:45:26,740
Yasiyo ya kubadili, kwa sababu
tutaweza kuona wakati mwingine.

1046
00:45:26,740 --> 00:45:29,610
Nini mpya syntactically hapa?

1047
00:45:29,610 --> 00:45:32,760
Mimi sasa kucheza mchezo
ambapo kompyuta ni miongoni mwa

1048
00:45:32,760 --> 00:45:35,550
yangu, nipe integer
kati ya moja na 10,

1049
00:45:35,550 --> 00:45:37,180
na kisha mimi nina hukumu pembejeo mtumiaji.

1050
00:45:37,180 --> 00:45:39,180
Katika lugha ya Kiingereza, kwa kuzingatia
kificho unaweza kuona hapa

1051
00:45:39,180 --> 00:45:41,530
katika bluu, kile kipindi hiki kufanya?

1052
00:45:41,530 --> 00:45:44,256

1053
00:45:44,256 --> 00:45:46,380
Watazamaji: [inaudible] ilichukua
kubwa au ndogo idadi.

1054
00:45:46,380 --> 00:45:46,484
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

1055
00:45:46,484 --> 00:45:49,450
Ni adjudicating tu kama
Mimi ilichukua kubwa, au kati,

1056
00:45:49,450 --> 00:45:53,900
au idadi ndogo sana kulingana na
ufafanuzi holela wa wadogo, wa kati,

1057
00:45:53,900 --> 00:45:58,510
na kubwa hapa, lakini taarifa
syntax hiyo ni mpya ni hii.

1058
00:45:58,510 --> 00:46:02,340
Hakuna chini ya int au sawa na
ishara, au zaidi au sawa kutia saini,

1059
00:46:02,340 --> 00:46:05,430
ambapo moja ni juu ya nyingine, kwamba
unaweza kueleza katika kama Microsoft Word.

1060
00:46:05,430 --> 00:46:08,180
Hivyo katika lugha ya programu wewe
kawaida tu kufanya wahusika wawili,

1061
00:46:08,180 --> 00:46:09,450
mmoja baada ya mwingine.

1062
00:46:09,450 --> 00:46:12,695
Na nini hii pengine
kuwakilisha, ampersand ampersand.

1063
00:46:12,695 --> 00:46:13,570
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1064
00:46:13,570 --> 00:46:13,680
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

1065
00:46:13,680 --> 00:46:16,910
Ina maana tu na sababu
zinageuka kuwa waandishi wa C

1066
00:46:16,910 --> 00:46:19,120
kutumika ampersand moja,
ambayo unaweza kufikiri

1067
00:46:19,120 --> 00:46:22,430
itakuwa kamili kwa ajili dhana
ya na, tayari kutumika juu,

1068
00:46:22,430 --> 00:46:27,300
hivyo ampersand ampersand kweli
Ukamataji kesi sisi kweli wanataka.

1069
00:46:27,300 --> 00:46:30,610
>> Basi hebu sasa mashaka katika mambo mawili.

1070
00:46:30,610 --> 00:46:32,640
Hebu kwenda mbele na kufungua moja.

1071
00:46:32,640 --> 00:46:36,590
Kitu ambacho ni kidogo inatia mashaka.

1072
00:46:36,590 --> 00:46:37,970
Kutokuwa sahihi nukta c.

1073
00:46:37,970 --> 00:46:40,260
Hebu kuanzisha mambo mawili hapa.

1074
00:46:40,260 --> 00:46:44,720
Moja, taarifa kwamba tunaweza kufanya
hisabati, kama tu kama kabla wakati

1075
00:46:44,720 --> 00:46:47,797
tulivyofanya pamoja ya namba mbili, x na y.

1076
00:46:47,797 --> 00:46:49,380
Je, ni mpango huu inaonekana kufanya?

1077
00:46:49,380 --> 00:46:52,140
Nimekuwa si maoni yake bado,
na nimekuwa kuletwa asilimia f,

1078
00:46:52,140 --> 00:46:55,720
lakini mimi haraka alisema mapema
asilimia f ina maana hatua floating

1079
00:46:55,720 --> 00:46:56,970
thamani, ambayo ni idadi halisi.

1080
00:46:56,970 --> 00:46:59,520
Kitu kwa alisema
hatua, ambayo si integer.

1081
00:46:59,520 --> 00:47:02,270
Unafikiri mpango huu ni
kujaribu kuonyesha yangu juu ya screen?

1082
00:47:02,270 --> 00:47:05,060

1083
00:47:05,060 --> 00:47:06,050
Yeah?

1084
00:47:06,050 --> 00:47:07,550
Watazamaji: matokeo ya moja zaidi ya 10.

1085
00:47:07,550 --> 00:47:07,780
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

1086
00:47:07,780 --> 00:47:09,680
Nini matokeo ya moja kugawanywa na 10.

1087
00:47:09,680 --> 00:47:12,721
Haki, kwa sababu kila una pengine
mzima akijua kwamba moja zaidi ya 10

1088
00:47:12,721 --> 00:47:14,502
ni nini?

1089
00:47:14,502 --> 00:47:16,220
Yeah, ni tu 10/1 au 0.1.

1090
00:47:16,220 --> 00:47:16,720
Sawa?

1091
00:47:16,720 --> 00:47:19,010
Basi hebu angalia nini hii kwa kweli ni.

1092
00:47:19,010 --> 00:47:21,010
Hivyo basi mimi kwenda mbele na kuokoa hii.

1093
00:47:21,010 --> 00:47:21,970
Hebu kwenda chini hapa.

1094
00:47:21,970 --> 00:47:26,360
Kufanya kutokuwa sahihi dot slash
kutokuwa sahihi, na ilani, pia,

1095
00:47:26,360 --> 00:47:29,380
katika mazingira Linux, huna
kuwa na aina nje kutokuwa sahihi na kuchukua

1096
00:47:29,380 --> 00:47:30,010
mchana kutwa.

1097
00:47:30,010 --> 00:47:32,910
Ni kwa ujumla, kama wewe hit Tab, ni
kumaliza mawazo yako kwa ajili yenu,

1098
00:47:32,910 --> 00:47:36,660
kulingana na maneno ambayo ni
inapatikana katika saraka ya sasa.

1099
00:47:36,660 --> 00:47:37,160
Sawa.

1100
00:47:37,160 --> 00:47:37,970
Hivyo walikuwa sahihi.

1101
00:47:37,970 --> 00:47:41,239
Moja kugawanywa na 10 ni, kwa kweli, 0.1.

1102
00:47:41,239 --> 00:47:42,280
Lakini mimi nina kidogo curious.

1103
00:47:42,280 --> 00:47:44,196
Na zinageuka printf
inasaidia baadhi ya vipengele

1104
00:47:44,196 --> 00:47:48,700
ambapo unaweza kutaja zaidi ya
chaguo-msingi idadi ya pointi alisema.

1105
00:47:48,700 --> 00:47:52,140
Hivyo kama nataka kuona 10 alisema
pointi siwezi kufanya asilimia,

1106
00:47:52,140 --> 00:47:55,510
kwa placeholder ishara, dot
10 kwa maana, nipe pointi 10 alisema,

1107
00:47:55,510 --> 00:47:58,140
na kisha bado floating kumweka
thamani, na kama kando,

1108
00:47:58,140 --> 00:48:01,550
ni kitu gani n backslash
inaonekana sisi kuendelea kutumia?

1109
00:48:01,550 --> 00:48:03,450
Ni zinageuka ni
ishara kwa mstari mpya.

1110
00:48:03,450 --> 00:48:05,970
Ni njia wazi sana
ya kusema kwa kompyuta,

1111
00:48:05,970 --> 00:48:08,759
hoja ya mshale ijayo
mstari baada ya wewe ni kosa.

1112
00:48:08,759 --> 00:48:10,800
Na tutaweza kuona nini kinatokea
wakati hatuna kufanya hivyo.

1113
00:48:10,800 --> 00:48:12,430
>> Napenda recompile kufanya kutokuwa sahihi.

1114
00:48:12,430 --> 00:48:15,320

1115
00:48:15,320 --> 00:48:18,356
Sasa dot kufyeka kutokuwa sahihi.

1116
00:48:18,356 --> 00:48:18,930
Sawa.

1117
00:48:18,930 --> 00:48:19,780
Bado haki.

1118
00:48:19,780 --> 00:48:21,512
Moja kugawanywa na 10.

1119
00:48:21,512 --> 00:48:23,220
Sasa mimi nina kupata
kidogo wadadisi, ingawa.

1120
00:48:23,220 --> 00:48:27,599
Nini kama mimi kuangalia 20 alisema
anasema, recompile, rerun,

1121
00:48:27,599 --> 00:48:29,390
na kama kando kwa
kasi, unaweza pia kutumia

1122
00:48:29,390 --> 00:48:31,800
up yako na chini mishale kwa
kitabu kupitia historia yako,

1123
00:48:31,800 --> 00:48:35,476
hivyo huna kushika
retyping amri hizi, kuingia.

1124
00:48:35,476 --> 00:48:36,910
Ha.

1125
00:48:36,910 --> 00:48:39,220
Sikuwa kujifunza kuwa katika daraja ya shule.

1126
00:48:39,220 --> 00:48:43,260
Haki wote, hivyo basi mimi
ona kama 29 maeneo ya nje.

1127
00:48:43,260 --> 00:48:44,300
Labda ni tu fluke.

1128
00:48:44,300 --> 00:48:46,907
Labda kompyuta yangu ni kaimu weird.

1129
00:48:46,907 --> 00:48:47,990
Hiyo si kitu, sawa?

1130
00:48:47,990 --> 00:48:50,300
Ni kufanya kitu deterministically.

1131
00:48:50,300 --> 00:48:53,410
Hivyo kufanya kutokuwa sahihi.

1132
00:48:53,410 --> 00:48:54,890
OK, hiyo ni messed up.

1133
00:48:54,890 --> 00:48:57,620
Hivyo kile kinachoendelea?

1134
00:48:57,620 --> 00:49:00,160
>> Hivyo inaonekana yako
mwalimu imekuwa amelazwa

1135
00:49:00,160 --> 00:49:03,900
na wewe zote za wakati huu kwa
sababu ya kuwa tutaona kabla ya muda mrefu.

1136
00:49:03,900 --> 00:49:05,569
Lakini hebu mwisho na mpango mwingine mmoja.

1137
00:49:05,569 --> 00:49:07,860
Hii ni programu kidogo
mtu aliandika baadhi ya miaka iliyopita,

1138
00:49:07,860 --> 00:49:08,990
na ni kweli ni sehemu ya mashindano.

1139
00:49:08,990 --> 00:49:11,198
Hakuna mtu kweli anaandika kificho
kama hii, na kama wewe,

1140
00:49:11,198 --> 00:49:12,880
hii ni stylistically tatizo.

1141
00:49:12,880 --> 00:49:14,660
Lakini watu kufanya hivyo kwa haki za majisifu.

1142
00:49:14,660 --> 00:49:17,260
Kuandika utata zaidi
kuangalia mpango kwamba

1143
00:49:17,260 --> 00:49:19,110
hata hivyo hana kitu kuvutia.

1144
00:49:19,110 --> 00:49:23,930
Na kumbuka Nilidhani tunatarajia kuondoka kwenye
leo, kabla Colton ina kututoa hapa,

1145
00:49:23,930 --> 00:49:27,840
ni kukimbia mpango huu,
ambayo, hata katika kutumia tu

1146
00:49:27,840 --> 00:49:31,450
C katika hii makao maandishi-
mazingira, inatupa hii.

1147
00:49:31,450 --> 00:49:32,264
Dammit.

1148
00:49:32,264 --> 00:49:34,930
>> [Kicheko]

1149
00:49:34,930 --> 00:49:36,800
>> Kusimama kwa.

1150
00:49:36,800 --> 00:49:39,340
[Inaudible] c dash l m.

1151
00:49:39,340 --> 00:49:42,885
Wewe ni kwenda kuona kichawi
dua kwamba tutaweza kuona kabla ya muda mrefu.

1152
00:49:42,885 --> 00:49:45,780
[Inaudible] Sawa.

1153
00:49:45,780 --> 00:49:51,592
Na sasa unaweza hata
kufanya mambo kama haya.

1154
00:49:51,592 --> 00:49:52,340
Hiyo ni.

1155
00:49:52,340 --> 00:49:56,410
Kwa CS50 sisi, kuona juu ya Ijumaa.

1156
00:49:56,410 --> 00:49:58,910
>> [Music kucheza]

1157
00:49:58,910 --> 00:52:38,390

1158
00:52:38,390 --> 00:52:41,440
>> [Makofi]

1159
00:52:41,440 --> 00:52:42,812