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>> [Daqq tal-mużika]

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>> DAVID Malan: Dan huwa CS50, u
dan huwa l-bidu ta 'ġimgħa 10.

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U inti tista 'tiftakar dan
immaġini minn ftit ġimgħat lura

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meta tkellimna dwar
l-internet u kif

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huwa fil-fatt implimentati fiżikament.

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U inti tista 'recall li hemm
attwalment mazz sħiħ ta 'kejbils

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kif ukoll mingħajr fili
teknoloġiji li interkonnessjoni

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kollha tal-lymph jew routers u oħrajn
dawn it-teknoloġiji fuq l-internet.

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U ħafna ta 'dan huwa underseas.

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>> Ukoll, jirriżulta li dawk
kejbils underseas huma daqsxejn ta 'mira.

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U lecture lum hija kompletament
dwar is-sigurtà, mhux biss

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it-theddid li aħna kollha jiffaċċjaw
fiżikament, iżda wkoll prattikament,

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u wkoll, tmiem denb lejn
illum, xi wħud mill-difiżi

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li aħna bħala utenti jistgħu
fil-fatt tqiegħed fis-seħħ.

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>> Iżda l-ewwel, wieħed mill-ewwel u
threat-- forsi aktar fiżika

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[Daqq video]

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-Could Russja tkun ippjanar
attakk fuq kejbils ta 'taħt

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li jgħaqqdu internet globali?

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>> Vapuri -Russian u sottomarini
lurking kejbils ta 'taħt qrib

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li jġorru kważi kollha
tad internet fid-dinja.

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>> -Il Internet kollu huwa
imwettqa fuq dawn il-kejbils.

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>> -Ewwel Nett, x'inhi l-
internet tagħmel taħt l-ilma?

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Last time I ċċekkjati, jien ma
mistennija li tikseb il-kompjuter tiegħi imxarrab.

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It-tieni, inti ssaqsi jekk me kif l-internet
jivvjaġġa minn kontinent għal kontinent,

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I kieku stajt qal satelliti
jew lasers, jew, onestament,

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I probabbilment kien ikollu
biss qal l-internet.

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>> U dak li ġara lill-sħaba?

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I kien qal kien hemm sħaba.

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Ftakar?

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Ħej, ejja tpoġġi li fil-sħaba.

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Kien bħall-internet kien fwar
ta 'informazzjoni li ċrieki-Dinja,

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u l-kompjuter tiegħek kien simili ladle
li scooped dak li għandek bżonn.

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>> Iżda jirriżulta l-internet
huwa attwalment taħt l-ilma

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minħabba li dawn cables iġorru aktar minn
95% tal-komunikazzjonijiet internet kuljum.

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U lilna inkwiet intelliġenza li
fi żminijiet ta 'tensjoni jew konflitt,

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Russja tista 'tirrikorri għall-qtugħ minnhom.

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Ikun l-akbar tfixkil
għas-servizz internet tiegħek

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peress proxxmu upstairs tiegħek
tpoġġi password fuq Wi-Fi tiegħu.

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KOLLOX SEW?

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Ipprova isem kelb tiegħu.

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[END Daqq]

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DAVID Malan: Qabel ngħaddu issa għall
xi wħud mit-theddidiet aktar virtwali,

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ftit avviżi.

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Allura ħbieb tagħna
CrimsonEMS bħalissa

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reklutaġġ għal EMTs ġodda,
Technicians Mediku ta 'Emerġenza.

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U dan huwa effettivament xi ħaġa
partikolarment qrib il-qalb tiegħi.

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>> A żmien twil ilu, I
ftakar li jkunu fi Ikea

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ftit wara l-gradwazzjoni, fil-fatt.

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U kif I kien joħorġu mill-maħżen, dan
ftit boy li kien fil-stroller

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beda tidwir litteralment blu.

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U hu kien fgar fuq xi biċċa
ta 'l-ikel li kienu preżumibbilment

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gotten staġnati fil-gerżuma tiegħu.

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>> U ommu kien panicking.

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Il-ġenituri madwarhom kienu panicking.

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U anki I, li kellhom daqsxejn ta 'familjarità
ma EMS biss permezz ta 'ħbieb,

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kompletament ffriżat.

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U kien biss grazzi għal xi ħaġa
bħal lifeguard 15-il sena li

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dam fuq u fil-fatt jaf dak li
do istintivament u sejjaħ għall-għajnuna

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u fil-fatt jinġibed il-
boy minn stroller tiegħu

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u fil-fatt indirizza s-sitwazzjoni.

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>> U għalija, dan kien żvolta.

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U kien dak il-mument fil
żmien fejn I iddeċieda, dammit,

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I-ħtieġa li jkollhom att tiegħi
flimkien u tassew taf

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kif tirrispondi għal dawn
tipi ta 'sitwazzjonijiet.

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U so I myself ltqajna liċenzjati
snin ilu bħala EMT.

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U permezz iskola gradwati
ma I rikba fuq ambulanza MIT

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għal xi perjodu ta 'żmien kif ukoll
kif għandhom jinżammu up liċenzja tiegħi peress.

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>> U fil-fatt, din il-ġurnata, kull
tal-persunal CS50 hawn fil Cambridge

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huma attwalment ċċertifikati fil CPR,
kif ukoll, għal raġunijiet simili.

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Mela jekk int fil-livelli kollha
interessati f'dan, hemm

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qatt ser tkun biżżejjed żmien fil
il-jum li jieħu fuq xi ħaġa ġdida.

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Imma jekk inti tixtieq a tas-Sena
ir-riżoluzzjoni, do jissieħbu ma 'dawn guys hawn

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jew jikkunsidra jilħaq l-
Red Cross għaċ-ċertifikazzjoni,

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jew hawn jew fi New Haven, kif ukoll.

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>> Allura aħħar ikla CS50 huwa dan il-ġimgħa.

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Mela jekk inti ħadthom għadhom ma ġewx ingħaqdet magħna, jew jekk
għandek u inti tixtieq waħda aktar ħin,

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imorru fuq il-websajt CS50 li
imla l-formola hemmhekk.

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Know, wisq, li l-ħbieb tagħna fil
Yale, Professur Scassellati,

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ilha tipproduċi l AI, artifiċjali
intelliġenza, serje għalina

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li se tibda DEBUT
din il-ġimgħa fuq video.

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Mela speċjalment jekk inti interessat
fit-twettiq ta 'proġett finali b'xi mod

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relatati ma 'intelliġenza artifiċjali,
naturali lingwa ipproċessar,

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anke robotika, jirrealizzaw li dawn se
tkun ispirazzjoni mill-isbaħ għal dan.

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>> U biss biex jagħtuk teaser
ta 'dan, hawnhekk huwa Scaz innifsu.

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>> [Daqq video]

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>> One tal-verament kbir
affarijiet dwar ix-xjenza tal-kompjuter

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huwa li ma saħansitra biss
ftit ġimgħat ta 'studju,

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int ser tkun kapaċi jifhmu
ħafna mill-artifacts intelliġenti

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u apparat li timla
dinja moderna tagħna.

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F'dan il-video qasir
serje, aħna qed tmur biex tħares

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lejn l-affarijiet simili kif Netflix huwa kapaċi
li tissuġġerixxi u tirrakkomanda films

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li I tista simili, kif huwa li
Siri tista 'twieġeb mistoqsijiet li għandi,

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kif huwa li Facebook
jistgħu jirrikonoxxu wiċċ tiegħi

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u awtomatikament tag
lili fil ritratt,

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jew kif Google hija kapaċi li jibnu
karozza li ssuq waħedha.

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>> So I hope inti ser jissieħbu miegħi għal dan qasir
sensiela ta 'filmati, is-serje CS50 AI.

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Naħseb li inti ser issib li inti taf
ħafna aktar milli int ħsibt għamilt.

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[END Daqq]

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DAVID Malan: Allura dawn se jidhru fuq
websajt tal-kors aktar tard din il-ġimgħa.

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Soġġorn sintonizzat.

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U fil-frattemp, ftit
Avviżi dwar dak li jinsab quddiem.

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Allura aħna qegħdin hawn.

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Dan huwa fil-lecture tagħna dwar is-sigurtà.

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Din ġejjin Erbgħa Scaz u Andy,
ras tagħlim sħabi tagħna fi New Haven,

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se jkun hawn li wieħed iħares lejn
inteliġenza artifiċjali

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innifsu għal ħarsa lejn
komputazzjoni għall communication--

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kif tibni sistema li tuża '
lingwa biex jikkomunikaw minn ELIZA,

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jekk int familjari ma 'dan
softwer mill-imgħoddi, li Siri

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aktar reċentement u li Watson, li inti
tista 'taf minn periklu jew simili.

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>> Imbagħad it-tnejn li jmiss, aħna qed
mhux hawn fil Cambridge.

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Aħna fi New Haven għat-tieni
tħares lejn intelliġenza artifiċjali

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ma Scaz u company--
Avversarji AI fil-logħob.

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Mela jekk inti stajt qatt lagħbu kontra
il-kompjuter f'xi video game

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jew logħba mobbli jew bħalhom, aħna ser
jitkellmu dwar eżattament that-- kif

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biex jibnu avversarji għal-logħob,
kif jirrappreżenta affarijiet

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taħt il-barnuża użu siġar
minn logħob bħal tic tac toe

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biex ċess moderni attwali
video games, kif ukoll.

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>> Sfortunatament, kwizz waħda hija ftit wara.

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Aktar dettalji dwar dan fuq l CS50
websajt aktar tard din il-ġimgħa.

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U lecture finali tagħna fil-Yale se
jkun li l-Ġimgħa wara l-kwizz.

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U lecture finali tagħna fil-Harvard
se jkun Tnejn wara,

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min-natura tal-iskedar.

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>> U hekk f'termini ta 'miri,
minbarra pset tmienja minn din il-ġimgħa;

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rapport tal-istatus, li se tkun
kontroll sanità malajr bejnek

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u sħabi tagħlim tiegħek;
l-hackathon, li

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se jkun hawn fil Cambridge għal studenti
minn New Haven u Cambridge simili.

129
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Aħna se jieħdu ħsieb ta '
trasportazzjoni minn New Haven.

130
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L-implimentazzjoni tal-
proġett finali se jkun dovut.

131
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U mbagħad għal żewġ kampusijiet
se jkun hemm CS50 ġust

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li jippermettilna nieħdu
ħarsa lejn u delight

133
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f'dak li kulħadd wettaq.

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>> Fil-fatt, ħsibt li dan ikun tajjeb
mument biex tiġbed l-attenzjoni għal dan il-mezz

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hawn, li konna użati għall
xi ammont ta 'żmien hawn,

136
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li huwa touch screen sbieħ.

137
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U fil-fatt, l-aħħar
sena kellna 0.99 $ app

138
00:06:18,172 --> 00:06:21,380
li aħna jitniżżel mill-app Windows
jaħżnu sabiex ifasslu fuq l-iskrin.

139
00:06:21,380 --> 00:06:22,580
>> Iżda franchement, kien cluttered ħafna.

140
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Hija ppermettiet magħna biex ifasslu fuq il-
screen, iżda, kien hemm simili,

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ħafna ikoni up here.

142
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Il-user interface kien pretty bad.

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Jekk inti riedu bidla
ċerti settings,

144
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kien hemm klikks kkritikat biss tant.

145
00:06:30,420 --> 00:06:32,770
U l-utent interface--
jew, b'mod aktar xieraq,

146
00:06:32,770 --> 00:06:35,075
l experience-- utent
kien pjuttost subottimali,

147
00:06:35,075 --> 00:06:36,950
speċjalment jużawha
ambjent lecture.

148
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>> U hekk aħna laħqu l
lil habib ta 'tagħna

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fil Microsoft, Bjorn, li fil-fatt
Kien wara flimkien ma 'CS50 online.

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U kif il-proġett finali tiegħu,
essenzjalment, ma hu graciously ħafna

151
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tieħu xi kontribut minn us dwar eżattament
il-karatteristiċi u utent esperjenza

152
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rridu.

153
00:06:49,350 --> 00:06:54,430
U hu mbagħad marru dwar il-bini
għall-Windows din l-applikazzjoni hawn

154
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li jippermetti li draw--
oops-- u jippreċiżaw fuq the-- wow.

155
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Grazzi.

156
00:07:00,940 --> 00:07:05,530
Biex tfassal u jespliċitaw fuq dan l-iskrin hawn
bil-user interface ħafna minimu.

157
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>> Allura inti stajt tidher me, forsi, vit up
hawn dejjem hekk ftit fejn issa aħna

158
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jistgħu jenfasizzaw l-affarijiet bl-aħmar.

159
00:07:10,130 --> 00:07:12,046
Nistgħu toggle u issa
mur test abjad hawn.

160
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Jekk irridu li attwalment tħassar
l-iskrin, nistgħu nagħmlu dan.

161
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U jekk aħna fil-fatt jippreferu
kanvas abjad, nistgħu nagħmlu dan.

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Allura jagħmel dan terriblement ftit
permezz tad-disinn u ma dan ukoll.

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I hekk li futz, wieħed jittama,
ħafna inqas din is-sena fil-klassi.

164
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>> U grazzi, wisq, għal Protege ta 'dmirijietu
am I liebes llum ċirku ftit.

165
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Dan huwa Benjamin, li kien
interning ma Bjorn dan is-sajf.

166
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Allura huwa ċirku ftit.

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00:07:33,940 --> 00:07:35,660
Huwa ftit akbar minn ċirku soltu tiegħi.

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Iżda permezz ta 'ftit dial fuq
in-naħa here nista attwalment

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jċaqalqu l-pjastri xellug u lemin, quddiem
u lura, u fil-fatt bil-quddiem affarijiet

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wirelessly sabiex, wieħed, I ma jkollhomx
biex jibqgħu għaddejjin lura fuq il-bar-ispazju

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hawn.

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00:07:45,770 --> 00:07:47,730
U tnejn, jien ma għandhomx għalfejn ikollhom
wieħed minn dawk clickers stupid

173
00:07:47,730 --> 00:07:50,360
u preoccupy naħa tiegħi billi żżomm
il-ħaġa kkritikat il-ħin kollu

174
00:07:50,360 --> 00:07:51,480
sabiex sempliċement ikklikkja.

175
00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:54,800
U żgur, fil-ħin, se-hardware
bħal dan tikseb super, super iżgħar.

176
00:07:54,800 --> 00:07:57,420
>> Allura ċertament, toqgħodx lura
biex jaħsbu barra l-kaxxa

177
00:07:57,420 --> 00:07:59,580
u jagħmlu affarijiet u joħolqu
affarijiet li lanqas biss

178
00:07:59,580 --> 00:08:01,520
jeżistux għal proġetti finali.

179
00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:04,190
Mingħajr aktar dewmien,
ħarsa lejn dak li jistenna

180
00:08:04,190 --> 00:08:08,770
kif inti adsa fis finali tiegħek
proġetti fil-hackathon CS50

181
00:08:08,770 --> 00:08:09,610
>> [Daqq video]

182
00:08:09,610 --> 00:08:11,210
>> [Daqq tal-mużika]

183
00:08:11,210 --> 00:09:37,990

184
00:09:37,990 --> 00:09:40,750
>> [Snoring]

185
00:09:40,750 --> 00:09:41,997

186
00:09:41,997 --> 00:09:42,580
[END Daqq]

187
00:09:42,580 --> 00:09:43,260
DAVID Malan: Kull dritt.

188
00:09:43,260 --> 00:09:45,900
Allura l-clip Stephen Colbert
li I wera ftit mument ilu

189
00:09:45,900 --> 00:09:47,947
kien effettivament fuq it-TV ftit jiem ilu.

190
00:09:47,947 --> 00:09:51,280
U fil-fatt, ftit mill-filmati oħra
aħna ser juru llum huma oerhört reċenti.

191
00:09:51,280 --> 00:09:54,120
U fil-fatt, li jitkellem għall-
realtà li tant tat-teknoloġija

192
00:09:54,120 --> 00:09:56,900
u, franchement, ħafna mill-ideat
aħna kont qed jitkellem dwar fil CS50

193
00:09:56,900 --> 00:09:57,892
verament huma omnipreżenti.

194
00:09:57,892 --> 00:09:59,850
U wieħed mill-għanijiet tal
il-kors huwa ċertament

195
00:09:59,850 --> 00:10:03,300
biex tgħammar int mal-ħiliet tekniċi hekk
li inti tista 'attwalment ssolvi l-problemi

196
00:10:03,300 --> 00:10:06,736
programmatically, iżda tnejn, sabiex
inti tista 'attwalment jieħdu deċiżjonijiet aħjar

197
00:10:06,736 --> 00:10:08,110
u jieħdu deċiżjonijiet aktar infurmati.

198
00:10:08,110 --> 00:10:11,420
U, fil-fatt, tematika matul il-
istampa u videos u oġġetti online

199
00:10:11,420 --> 00:10:15,100
dawn il-ġranet huwa biss biża
nuqqas ta 'ftehim jew nuqqas

200
00:10:15,100 --> 00:10:18,640
ta 'fehim ta' kif it-teknoloġija
xogħlijiet, speċjalment fost il-politikanti.

201
00:10:18,640 --> 00:10:22,091
>> U għalhekk fil-fatt, fi ftit ftit aħna ser
tagħti ħarsa lejn waħda minn dawk id-dettalji,

202
00:10:22,091 --> 00:10:22,590
kif ukoll.

203
00:10:22,590 --> 00:10:24,660
Iżda litteralment biss jdum
lejl kien I seduta

204
00:10:24,660 --> 00:10:27,600
fil Bertucci, il lokali
franchise post Taljan.

205
00:10:27,600 --> 00:10:28,960
UI hopped fuq Wi-Fi tagħhom.

206
00:10:28,960 --> 00:10:32,220
UI kien ferm assigurat
biex tara li huwa sigur.

207
00:10:32,220 --> 00:10:35,710
U kont naf li minħabba li tgħid
hawn "Secure Internet Portal"

208
00:10:35,710 --> 00:10:36,710
meta l-iskrin ħarāu.

209
00:10:36,710 --> 00:10:38,918
Allura dan kien il-ftit pront
li jitla 'fil Mac OS

210
00:10:38,918 --> 00:10:41,840
jew fil-Windows meta inti jgħaqqdu l
netwerk Wi-Fi għall-ewwel darba.

211
00:10:41,840 --> 00:10:45,480
U kelli biex tinqara permezz termini tagħhom
u l-kundizzjonijiet u finalment kklikkja OK.

212
00:10:45,480 --> 00:10:47,140
U mbagħad I kien permess li jipproċedi.

213
00:10:47,140 --> 00:10:51,510
>> Mela ejja nibdew naħsbu mill-ġdid dak kollu
dan ifisser u li m'għadhomx jieħdu għal

214
00:10:51,510 --> 00:10:54,800
mogħtija liema nies jgħidulna meta aħna
jiltaqgħu ma 'diversi teknoloġija.

215
00:10:54,800 --> 00:10:57,520
Allura wieħed, dak ma jfisser li
dan huwa portal internet fiż-żgur?

216
00:10:57,520 --> 00:11:00,260

217
00:11:00,260 --> 00:11:02,557
Liema jista 's Bertucci
jkun rassikuranti me ta '?

218
00:11:02,557 --> 00:11:04,890
UDJENZA: Il-pakketti mibgħuta
quddiem u lura huma encrypted.

219
00:11:04,890 --> 00:11:05,030
DAVID Malan: Tajba.

220
00:11:05,030 --> 00:11:07,470
Il-pakketti ma jintbagħtu lura
u lura huma encrypted.

221
00:11:07,470 --> 00:11:08,984
Hija li fil-fatt il-każ?

222
00:11:08,984 --> 00:11:12,150
Jekk dan kien il-każ, dak li jien
tagħmel jew dak li għandi tkun taf?

223
00:11:12,150 --> 00:11:14,486
Well, youd tara ftit
icon katnazz fil Mac OS

224
00:11:14,486 --> 00:11:16,860
jew Windows qal li
hemm tabilħaqq xi encryption

225
00:11:16,860 --> 00:11:17,818
jew scrambling għaddejjin.

226
00:11:17,818 --> 00:11:20,970
Iżda qabel ma inti tista 'tuża kriptat
portal jew Wi-Fi konnessjoni, dak li

227
00:11:20,970 --> 00:11:23,300
do ikollok normalment tip fl?

228
00:11:23,300 --> 00:11:23,890
A password.

229
00:11:23,890 --> 00:11:26,570
Naf ebda password infushom, lanqas ma
ma I kwalunkwe tip password bħal din.

230
00:11:26,570 --> 00:11:27,530
I sempliċiment għafast OK.

231
00:11:27,530 --> 00:11:29,360
Allura dan huwa biddlu bla sens.

232
00:11:29,360 --> 00:11:31,400
Din mhix portal internet fiż-żgur.

233
00:11:31,400 --> 00:11:34,500
Dan huwa portal internet prekarju 100%.

234
00:11:34,500 --> 00:11:38,290
M'hemm assolutament l-ebda encryption jmorru
fuq, u dak kollu li qed tagħmilha sigura

235
00:11:38,290 --> 00:11:41,660
hija dik il-frażi ta 'tliet kelma
fuq l-iskrin hemmhekk.

236
00:11:41,660 --> 00:11:44,027
>> Allura dan ifisser xejn,
neċessarjament, teknoloġikament.

237
00:11:44,027 --> 00:11:45,860
U ftit aktar
tħassib, jekk inti fil-fatt

238
00:11:45,860 --> 00:11:48,560
tinqara minn ġol-termini u kondizzjonijiet,
li huma tinqara sorprendenti,

239
00:11:48,560 --> 00:11:50,070
kien this-- "inti
jifhmu li nirriżervaw

240
00:11:50,070 --> 00:11:53,380
id-dritt li log jew jimmonitorjaw it-traffiku għall
jiżguraw dawn it-termini qed jiġu segwiti. "

241
00:11:53,380 --> 00:11:56,940
Allura dak ftit creepy, jekk l Bertucci
huwa jaraw traffiku internet tiegħi.

242
00:11:56,940 --> 00:11:59,480
Iżda ħafna kull ftehim li
inti ħadthom għafast permezz addoċċ

243
00:11:59,480 --> 00:12:01,220
tkun żgur qal li qabel.

244
00:12:01,220 --> 00:12:03,370
>> Allura dak ma li attwalment
jfisser teknoloġikament?

245
00:12:03,370 --> 00:12:05,839
Mela jekk hemm xi creepy
Guy jew mara fid-dahar

246
00:12:05,839 --> 00:12:07,880
Min hu, bħal, monitoraġġ
kollha tat-traffiku internet,

247
00:12:07,880 --> 00:12:12,120
kif huwa hu jew hi aċċess
dik l-informazzjoni eżattament?

248
00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:14,900
X'inhuma l teknoloġiku
ifisser li permezz tagħhom

249
00:12:14,900 --> 00:12:17,200
li person-- jew
ostili, aktar generally--

250
00:12:17,200 --> 00:12:18,450
tista 'tkun tħares lejn traffiku tagħna?

251
00:12:18,450 --> 00:12:21,366
>> Ukoll, jekk hemm l-ebda encryption, dak
tip ta 'affarijiet setgħu sniff,

252
00:12:21,366 --> 00:12:24,622
biex ngħidu hekk, tip ta 'jindunaw bihom fl-arja.

253
00:12:24,622 --> 00:12:25,580
What would you tħares lejn?

254
00:12:25,580 --> 00:12:25,830
Yeah?

255
00:12:25,830 --> 00:12:28,790
>> UDJENZA: Il-pakketti ma jintbagħtu
mill-kompjuter tiegħek għall-router?

256
00:12:28,790 --> 00:12:29,100
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

257
00:12:29,100 --> 00:12:31,160
Il-pakketti qed tintbagħat mill
l-kompjuter biex router tiegħek.

258
00:12:31,160 --> 00:12:32,540
Allura inti tista 'recall meta
konna fi New Haven,

259
00:12:32,540 --> 00:12:36,047
aħna għadda tali envelops, fiżikament,
matul l-udjenza li jirrappreżentaw

260
00:12:36,047 --> 00:12:37,380
data għaddejjin mill-internet.

261
00:12:37,380 --> 00:12:40,940
U ċertament, jekk konna jitfg
permezz tal-udjenza wirelessly

262
00:12:40,940 --> 00:12:45,631
jaslu fid-destinazzjoni tagħhom, kulħadd jista '
tip ta 'grab u jagħmel kopja ta' dan

263
00:12:45,631 --> 00:12:47,630
u fil-fatt tara x'hemm
ġewwa ta 'dak il-pakkett.

264
00:12:47,630 --> 00:12:49,630
>> U, naturalment, x'hemm
ġewwa ta 'dawn pakketti

265
00:12:49,630 --> 00:12:53,390
huwa kull numru ta 'affarijiet,
inkluż l-indirizz IP

266
00:12:53,390 --> 00:12:55,910
li inti qed tipprova
aċċess jew l-isem ospitanti,

267
00:12:55,910 --> 00:12:59,070
bħal www.harvard.edu jew
yale.edu li inti qed tipprova

268
00:12:59,070 --> 00:13:00,840
għall-aċċess jew xi ħaġa oħra għal kollox.

269
00:13:00,840 --> 00:13:04,740
Barra minn hekk, il-passaġġ, too-- inti taf minn
pset sitta li ġewwa t-talbiet HTTP

270
00:13:04,740 --> 00:13:08,130
huma jiksbu something.html slash.

271
00:13:08,130 --> 00:13:12,010
Mela jekk int jżuru paġna speċifika,
tniżżil immaġni jew video speċifiku,

272
00:13:12,010 --> 00:13:14,780
kollha ta 'dik l-informazzjoni
hu ġewwa ta 'dik pakkett.

273
00:13:14,780 --> 00:13:19,186
U sabiex ħadd hemmhekk fil jistgħu Bertucci tal
tkun tħares lejn li ħafna istess data.

274
00:13:19,186 --> 00:13:21,310
Ukoll, liema huma xi oħra
theddid f'dan is-sens

275
00:13:21,310 --> 00:13:24,590
li tkun konxja ta 'qabel ma
biss jibdew jaċċettaw bħala fatt

276
00:13:24,590 --> 00:13:26,980
dak xi ħadd bħal
Tal Bertucci sempliċiment jgħidlek?

277
00:13:26,980 --> 00:13:29,350
Well, dan kien article--
serje ta 'artikli

278
00:13:29,350 --> 00:13:31,260
li ħareġ biss ftit xhur lura.

279
00:13:31,260 --> 00:13:34,450
Kollha Rage dawn il-jiem huma
dawn it-televiżjonijiet intelliġenti newfangled.

280
00:13:34,450 --> 00:13:37,787
X'hemm TV intelliġenti, jekk inti stajt
smajt bih jew ikollhom waħda fid-dar?

281
00:13:37,787 --> 00:13:39,120
UDJENZA: konnettività Internet?

282
00:13:39,120 --> 00:13:40,828
DAVID Malan: Yeah,
konnettività internet.

283
00:13:40,828 --> 00:13:44,030
Allura ġenerali, TV intelliġenti huwa
TV bil-konnettività internet

284
00:13:44,030 --> 00:13:46,267
u utent verament crappy
interface li jagħmel

285
00:13:46,267 --> 00:13:49,100
aktar diffiċli li attwalment jużaw l-internet
għaliex għandek tuża, bħal, up,

286
00:13:49,100 --> 00:13:51,260
down, xellug, u d-dritt jew xi ħaġa
dwar il-kontroll mill-bogħod tiegħek biss

287
00:13:51,260 --> 00:13:54,150
għall-aċċess affarijiet li huma tant
aktar faċilment isir fuq laptop.

288
00:13:54,150 --> 00:13:58,870
>> Iżda aktar tħassib dwar TV intelliġenti,
u Samsung televiżjonijiet f'dan il-każ partikolari,

289
00:13:58,870 --> 00:14:03,290
kienet li Samsung televiżjonijiet u oħrajn
dawn il-jiem jiġu mal ċerti hardware

290
00:14:03,290 --> 00:14:06,280
biex joħolqu dak li jallegaw hija
aħjar għall-utent interface għalik.

291
00:14:06,280 --> 00:14:09,070
Allura wieħed, inti tista 'tkellem lill
xi wħud minn TVs tiegħek dawn il-jiem,

292
00:14:09,070 --> 00:14:13,640
b'differenza ma Siri jew xi waħda minn dawn
ekwivalenti oħra fuq it-telefowns ċellulari.

293
00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:15,530
Allura inti tista 'tgħid kmandi,
bħal kanal bidla,

294
00:14:15,530 --> 00:14:18,006
jgħollu l-volum, itfi, jew simili.

295
00:14:18,006 --> 00:14:19,880
Imma x'inhu l-implikazzjoni
ta 'dak loġikament?

296
00:14:19,880 --> 00:14:23,400
Jekk inti ħadthom ltqajna l-TV fil-ħajja tiegħek
kamra jew l-TV fil-qiegħ tal-sodda tiegħek

297
00:14:23,400 --> 00:14:25,299
biex torqod għal,
x'inhu l-implikazzjoni?

298
00:14:25,299 --> 00:14:25,799
Yeah?

299
00:14:25,799 --> 00:14:29,222
>> UDJENZA: Jista 'jkun hemm xi ħaġa
sejrin fid permezz tal-mekkaniŜmu

300
00:14:29,222 --> 00:14:30,917
biex jiskopru diskors tiegħek.

301
00:14:30,917 --> 00:14:31,667
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

302
00:14:31,667 --> 00:14:34,601
UDJENZA: Dan jista '
jintbagħtu via internet.

303
00:14:34,601 --> 00:14:36,617
Jekk huwa unencrypted,
allura huwa vulnerabbli.

304
00:14:36,617 --> 00:14:37,450
DAVID Malan: Tabilħaqq.

305
00:14:37,450 --> 00:14:40,420
Jekk għandek mikrofonu mibni
fi TV u l-iskop tagħha fil-ħajja

306
00:14:40,420 --> 00:14:43,550
huwa, mid-disinn, li tisma
lilek u tirrispondi lilek,

307
00:14:43,550 --> 00:14:46,660
huwa żgur se tkun
jisimgħu dak kollu li għandek tgħid

308
00:14:46,660 --> 00:14:50,140
u mbagħad traduzzjoni li biex
xi struzzjonijiet integrati.

309
00:14:50,140 --> 00:14:54,190
Iżda l-qabda hija li ħafna minn dawn
TVs mhumiex perfettament tkabbir intelliġenti infushom.

310
00:14:54,190 --> 00:14:56,430
Huma qed jiddependu ħafna fuq
li konnessjoni bl-internet.

311
00:14:56,430 --> 00:14:58,560
>> Tant simili Siri, meta
tkellem fis-telefon tiegħek,

312
00:14:58,560 --> 00:15:01,660
malajr jibgħat dik id-data madwar l
l-internet biex servers Apple,

313
00:15:01,660 --> 00:15:05,551
imbagħad gets lura ta 'tweġiba, litteralment
huwa l-TV Samsung u l-ekwivalenti

314
00:15:05,551 --> 00:15:07,925
biss tibgħat kollox int
qal fil-kamra tiegħek jgħixu

315
00:15:07,925 --> 00:15:12,040
jew tas-sodda għal servers tagħhom biss biex
jiskopru ma hu jgħidu, imbagħad fuq il-TV

316
00:15:12,040 --> 00:15:13,030
jew itfi l-TV?

317
00:15:13,030 --> 00:15:15,052
U Alla jaf dak
inkella jista 'jkun ġejjn.

318
00:15:15,052 --> 00:15:17,010
Issa, hemm xi modi
biex jittaffa dan, id-dritt?

319
00:15:17,010 --> 00:15:20,730
Bħal dak ma Siri u dak
ma Google u oħrajn jagħmlu

320
00:15:20,730 --> 00:15:23,630
għal mill-inqas jiddefendu kontra
dan ir-riskju li dawn qed

321
00:15:23,630 --> 00:15:26,491
jisimgħu assolutament kollox?

322
00:15:26,491 --> 00:15:28,240
Għandu jkun attivat
billi qal xi ħaġa

323
00:15:28,240 --> 00:15:32,580
simili, ħej, Siri, jew hi Google jew
simili jew OK, Google jew simili.

324
00:15:32,580 --> 00:15:35,180
>> Iżda aħna lkoll nafu li dawk
espressjonijiet tip ta terda, right?

325
00:15:35,180 --> 00:15:37,842
Bħal I kien biss sitting--
fil-fatt l-aħħar darba

326
00:15:37,842 --> 00:15:41,050
I kien fil-ħinijiet uffiċċju fil Yale, I think,
Jason jew wieħed mill-TFS miżmuma yelling,

327
00:15:41,050 --> 00:15:44,000
simili, ħej, Siri, ħej, Siri
u kienet qed tagħmel telefon tiegħi

328
00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:46,460
tagħmel affarijiet għaliex kien wisq
prossimali għall-telefon attwali tiegħi.

329
00:15:46,460 --> 00:15:47,550
Iżda l-maqlub huwa veru, wisq.

330
00:15:47,550 --> 00:15:49,740
Kultant dawk l-affarijiet biss
kick fuq għaliex dan huwa imperfetta.

331
00:15:49,740 --> 00:15:51,640
U fil-fatt, naturali
Ipproċessar ta lingwi

332
00:15:51,640 --> 00:15:54,660
fehim diċitura bniedem u
imbagħad tagħmel xi ħaġa bbażata fuq it--

333
00:15:54,660 --> 00:15:55,970
huwa ċertament imperfetta.

334
00:15:55,970 --> 00:15:58,220
>> Issa, agħar għadu, xi
minnkom jista raw

335
00:15:58,220 --> 00:16:01,939
jew ikollhom TV fejn inti tista 'tagħmel
affarijiet stupid jew l-età ġdida bħal din

336
00:16:01,939 --> 00:16:04,855
li jibdel mezzi lejn ix-xellug jew
dan jibdel mezzi għad-dritt

337
00:16:04,855 --> 00:16:07,400
jew ibaxxu l-volum jew jgħollu l-volum.

338
00:16:07,400 --> 00:16:09,480
Imma xi jfisser l-TV?

339
00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:12,610
A camera osservat fi inti
fil-ħinijiet kollha possibbli.

340
00:16:12,610 --> 00:16:15,741
>> U fil-fatt, il-brouhaha madwar Samsung
TVs li għalihom ħa xi flack

341
00:16:15,741 --> 00:16:18,490
hija li jekk inti taqra l-termini u
kondizzjonijiet tal-TV-- il-ħaġa

342
00:16:18,490 --> 00:16:22,300
inti żgur qatt ma taqra meta ispakkjar
TV tiegħek għall-ewwel time-- integrati

343
00:16:22,300 --> 00:16:26,700
fi kien hemm dikjarazzjoni ta 'ċaħda ftit
qal l-ekwivalenti ta ',

344
00:16:26,700 --> 00:16:30,050
a inti ma tista 'tixtieq li jkollha personali
konversazzjonijiet quddiem dan it-TV.

345
00:16:30,050 --> 00:16:31,300
U dan huwa dak li jnaqqas sa.

346
00:16:31,300 --> 00:16:33,230
>> Imma inti m'għandekx anke
jeħtieġ li jkunu jafu li.

347
00:16:33,230 --> 00:16:35,063
Għandek tkun tista '
jiddeduċu mir-realtà

348
00:16:35,063 --> 00:16:38,610
li mikrofonu u kameras litteralment
tipponta lejn lili il-ħin kollu

349
00:16:38,610 --> 00:16:40,940
forsi huwa aktar ħażin milli ġid.

350
00:16:40,940 --> 00:16:43,600
U franchement, I say dan
kemmxejn hypocritically.

351
00:16:43,600 --> 00:16:47,080
I litteralment ikollhom, minbarra dawk kameras,
I jkollhom kamera ftit żgħira hawn

352
00:16:47,080 --> 00:16:47,680
fil-laptop tiegħi.

353
00:16:47,680 --> 00:16:48,950
Għandi ieħor minn hawn.

354
00:16:48,950 --> 00:16:50,842
Għandi l-fil tiegħi
cellphone fuq iż-żewġ naħat.

355
00:16:50,842 --> 00:16:52,550
So lest I poġġih isfel
il-mod żbaljat, huma

356
00:16:52,550 --> 00:16:54,550
xorta jistgħu jaraw lili u tisma lili.

357
00:16:54,550 --> 00:16:56,430
>> U dan kollu jista 'jkun
jiġri l-ħin kollu.

358
00:16:56,430 --> 00:17:01,240
Allura x'hemm waqfien iPhone tiegħi jew Android
telefon milli jagħmlu dan il-ħin?

359
00:17:01,240 --> 00:17:04,099
Kif nafu li Apple u
xi persuna creepy fil Google,

360
00:17:04,099 --> 00:17:06,560
mhumiex nisma in to
dan il-konverżazzjoni ħafna

361
00:17:06,560 --> 00:17:09,404
permezz tat-telefon jew konversazzjonijiet
I jkollhom fid-dar jew fuq ix-xogħol?

362
00:17:09,404 --> 00:17:11,220
>> UDJENZA: Għaliex ħajja tagħna
li mhumiex interessanti.

363
00:17:11,220 --> 00:17:13,511
>> DAVID Malan: Minħabba tagħna
ħajja li mhumiex interessanti.

364
00:17:13,511 --> 00:17:15,400
Li attwalment huwa rispons valida.

365
00:17:15,400 --> 00:17:17,500
Jekk aħna mhux qed inkwetat
dwar theddida partikolari,

366
00:17:17,500 --> 00:17:19,520
hemm tip ta 'min
cares aspett lilha.

367
00:17:19,520 --> 00:17:22,000
Me qodma Little mhix se
li verament tkun fil-mira.

368
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:23,300
Iżda ċertament jistgħu.

369
00:17:23,300 --> 00:17:26,140
>> U hekk anke jekk inti tara xi
affarijiet Logged fuq it-televiżjonijiet u l-films,

370
00:17:26,140 --> 00:17:29,830
simili, oh, ejja dawwar fuq il-grid and--
bħal Batman ma dan ħafna, fil-fatt,

371
00:17:29,830 --> 00:17:32,920
u fil-fatt jista 'jara Gotham, x'hemm
għaddej permezz ta 'cellphones tan-nies

372
00:17:32,920 --> 00:17:33,420
jew simili.

373
00:17:33,420 --> 00:17:37,410
Uħud mill li l-futuristiku ftit,
imma aħna qed pretty ħafna hemmhekk f'dawn il-jiem.

374
00:17:37,410 --> 00:17:40,030
>> Kważi lkoll huma
mixi madwar mal-GPS

375
00:17:40,030 --> 00:17:42,130
transponders li huwa
javżak Apple u Google

376
00:17:42,130 --> 00:17:44,460
u kulħadd li jixtieq li
taf fejn ninsabu fid-dinja.

377
00:17:44,460 --> 00:17:45,340
Għandna mikrofonu.

378
00:17:45,340 --> 00:17:46,140
Għandna camera.

379
00:17:46,140 --> 00:17:50,410
Aħna qed javżak affarijiet simili Snapchat u
applikazzjonijiet oħra kulħadd nafu,

380
00:17:50,410 --> 00:17:53,090
kollha ta 'numri tat-telefon tagħhom,
kollha ta 'indirizzi email tagħhom.

381
00:17:53,090 --> 00:17:56,650
U għalhekk għal darb'oħra, wieħed mill-takeaways
illum, wieħed jittama, huwa li mill-inqas pause

382
00:17:56,650 --> 00:17:58,830
xi ftit qabel
biss bl-addoċċ qal, OK

383
00:17:58,830 --> 00:18:00,590
meta inti tixtieq l-
konvenjenza ta Snapchat

384
00:18:00,590 --> 00:18:02,203
jafu li kollha tal-ħbieb tiegħek hu.

385
00:18:02,203 --> 00:18:05,440
Imma bil-maqlub, issa Snapchat
jaf kulħadd taf

386
00:18:05,440 --> 00:18:08,140
u kwalunkwe noti ftit inti tista
għamlu fil-kuntatti tiegħek.

387
00:18:08,140 --> 00:18:09,850
>> Allura dan kien wieħed f'waqtha, wisq.

388
00:18:09,850 --> 00:18:12,780
Ftit xhur wara, Snapchat
innifsu ma kienx kompromessa.

389
00:18:12,780 --> 00:18:14,780
Iżda kien hemm xi
applikazzjonijiet ta 'terzi

390
00:18:14,780 --> 00:18:18,220
li għamilha aktar faċli biex jiffranka
snaps U l-qabda kienet

391
00:18:18,220 --> 00:18:21,520
li dan is-servizz ta 'parti terza
kien innifsu kompromessa,

392
00:18:21,520 --> 00:18:25,200
parzjalment minħabba servizz Snapchat ta
sostnuta karatteristika li huma probabbilment

393
00:18:25,200 --> 00:18:28,075
m'għandux ikollhom, li ppermetta għall
dan arkivjar minn parti terza.

394
00:18:28,075 --> 00:18:32,740
>> U l-problema kienet li arkivju
ta ', bħall-, 90,000 snaps, I think,

395
00:18:32,740 --> 00:18:34,690
kienu finalment kompromessa.

396
00:18:34,690 --> 00:18:37,980
U għalhekk inti tista 'tieħu xi kumdità fil
affarijiet simili Snapchat jkunu effimeru,

397
00:18:37,980 --> 00:18:38,480
id-dritt?

398
00:18:38,480 --> 00:18:41,650
Għandek seba sekondi biex tħares lejn
dak il-messaġġ mhux xierqa jew nota,

399
00:18:41,650 --> 00:18:42,640
u mbagħad dan jispiċċa.

400
00:18:42,640 --> 00:18:44,770
Iżda wieħed, ħafna minnkom
Probabilment dehret

401
00:18:44,770 --> 00:18:48,620
kif tieħu screenshots minn issa, li
huwa l-aktar mod faċli biex jiġi ċirkumvent dan.

402
00:18:48,620 --> 00:18:53,050
Iżda tnejn, hemm xejn waqfien tal-
kumpanija jew il-persuna li hemm fuq l-internet

403
00:18:53,050 --> 00:18:56,160
minn interċettazzjoni li
data, potenzjalment, kif ukoll.

404
00:18:56,160 --> 00:18:59,640
>> Allura dan kien litteralment
biss ġurnata jew tnejn ilu.

405
00:18:59,640 --> 00:19:03,850
Dan kien l-artikolu headline sbieħ fuq
website online. "WORM Epic Fail-- Power

406
00:19:03,850 --> 00:19:07,767
Ransomware Aċċidentalment Jeqred
Data vittma Matul Encryption. "

407
00:19:07,767 --> 00:19:10,100
Allura ieħor misruqa mill-
aħbarijiet tip ta 'ħaġa hawn.

408
00:19:10,100 --> 00:19:11,808
Allura inti jista 'jkollok
semgħu malware, li

409
00:19:11,808 --> 00:19:15,380
huwa malizzjuż software-- software daqshekk ħżiena
li l-persuni ħin liberu wisq

410
00:19:15,380 --> 00:19:15,900
jiktbu.

411
00:19:15,900 --> 00:19:18,880
U xi kultant, hija biss ma
affarijiet stupid bħal ħassar fajls

412
00:19:18,880 --> 00:19:20,830
jew jibgħat spam jew bħalhom.

413
00:19:20,830 --> 00:19:23,880
>> Imma kultant, u dejjem aktar,
huwa aktar sofistikat, id-dritt?

414
00:19:23,880 --> 00:19:26,000
You kollha taf kif
dabble fil encryption.

415
00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:27,950
U Caesar u Vigenere
mhumiex super sikuri,

416
00:19:27,950 --> 00:19:30,575
imma hemm oħrajn, ċertament,
li huma aktar sofistikati.

417
00:19:30,575 --> 00:19:33,700
U iva, liema dan avversarju ma
kien kiteb biċċa ta 'malware

418
00:19:33,700 --> 00:19:36,200
li b'xi mod infettat
mazz ta 'kompjuters tan-nies.

419
00:19:36,200 --> 00:19:39,830
Imma hu kien it-tip ta idjota u
kiteb verżjoni Buggy ta 'dan malware

420
00:19:39,830 --> 00:19:45,480
tali li meta hu jew hi
implimentati l-code-- oh, aħna qed

421
00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:49,280
jkollna ħafna of-- sorry.

422
00:19:49,280 --> 00:19:51,580
Aħna jkollna ħafna ta '
hits fuq il-mikrofonu.

423
00:19:51,580 --> 00:19:52,260
KOLLOX SEW.

424
00:19:52,260 --> 00:19:55,280
>> Allura x'inhi l-problema kienet li
hu jew hi kitbet xi kodiċi ħażina.

425
00:19:55,280 --> 00:19:58,500
U għalhekk huma ġġenerati
pseudorandomly ċavetta encryption

426
00:19:58,500 --> 00:20:00,920
li biex kriptaġġ
data ta 'xi ħadd b'mod malizzjuż,

427
00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:03,580
u mbagħad aċċidentalment threw
bogħod ċ-ċavetta encryption.

428
00:20:03,580 --> 00:20:06,110
Allura l-effett ta 'dan
malware ma kienx kif maħsub,

429
00:20:06,110 --> 00:20:09,750
li data xi ħadd fidwa billi
encrypting tiegħu jew hard drive tagħha

430
00:20:09,750 --> 00:20:13,930
u mbagħad jistennew $ 800 Istati Uniti fl-ritorn
għall-ċavetta encryption, f'liema punt

431
00:20:13,930 --> 00:20:15,970
il-vittma tista '
decrypt-data tiegħu jew tagħha.

432
00:20:15,970 --> 00:20:18,810
Pjuttost, il-Guy ħażina sempliċiment
encrypted d-data kollha

433
00:20:18,810 --> 00:20:21,800
fuq hard drive tagħhom, aċċidentalment
imħassra l encryption ewlenin,

434
00:20:21,800 --> 00:20:23,390
u ltqajna ebda flus minnha.

435
00:20:23,390 --> 00:20:26,850
Iżda dan ifisser ukoll li l-vittma hija
verament vittma minħabba li issa hu jew hi

436
00:20:26,850 --> 00:20:30,450
ma jistgħux jirkupraw kwalunkwe mill-data sakemm
dawn għandhom attwalment xi qodma l-iskola

437
00:20:30,450 --> 00:20:31,660
backup ta 'dan.

438
00:20:31,660 --> 00:20:35,840
>> Allura hawnhekk ukoll huwa tip ta 'realtà
li inti ser taqra dwar dawn il-jiem.

439
00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:37,340
U kif tista jiddefendu kontra dan?

440
00:20:37,340 --> 00:20:39,890
Ukoll, dan huwa jista kollu
ta 'dud, no pun maħsuba,

441
00:20:39,890 --> 00:20:41,950
dwar viruses u dud u simili.

442
00:20:41,950 --> 00:20:45,090
U ċertament hemm software
li magħhom inti tista 'tiddefendi ruħek.

443
00:20:45,090 --> 00:20:47,500
Imma li tkun aħjar minn dik hija
biss li tkun intelliġenti dwar dan.

444
00:20:47,500 --> 00:20:51,680
>> Fil-fatt, I haven't-- dan huwa wieħed mill
dawn jagħmlu bħala I say, mhux bħala I do affarijiet,

445
00:20:51,680 --> 00:20:54,950
perhaps-- I ma jkunux użati verament
antivirus software fis-snin

446
00:20:54,950 --> 00:20:58,700
għaliex jekk inti ġeneralment taf x'għandek
tfittex, inti tista 'tiddefendi kontra aktar

447
00:20:58,700 --> 00:20:59,720
kollox fuq tiegħek.

448
00:20:59,720 --> 00:21:02,870
U fil-fatt, f'waqthom hawn fuq
Harvard-- kien hemm bug jew kwistjoni

449
00:21:02,870 --> 00:21:04,880
ġimgħa li għaddiet fejn Harvard
huwa b'mod ċar, bħal,

450
00:21:04,880 --> 00:21:06,690
lottijiet ta 'traffiku tan-network ta' monitoraġġ.

451
00:21:06,690 --> 00:21:08,482
U kollha ta 'inti anki
jżuru l-websajt CS50 s

452
00:21:08,482 --> 00:21:11,315
jista 'jkollhom gotten qal twissija
li inti ma tistax żjara din il-websajt.

453
00:21:11,315 --> 00:21:12,180
Mhuwiex tiggarantixxi.

454
00:21:12,180 --> 00:21:13,730
Imma jekk inti ppruvaw jżuru
Google jew siti oħra,

455
00:21:13,730 --> 00:21:15,270
wisq, dawk, wisq, kien prekarju.

456
00:21:15,270 --> 00:21:17,990
>> Dak għax Harvard, wisq, għandu
xi tip ta 'sistema ta' filtrazzjoni

457
00:21:17,990 --> 00:21:21,860
li qed iżżomm għajnejk fuq
websajts potenzjalment malizzjużi

458
00:21:21,860 --> 00:21:23,620
biex tgħin tipproteġi lilna kontra us.

459
00:21:23,620 --> 00:21:27,490
Iżda anki dawk l-affarijiet huma kjarament
imperfetta, jekk mhux Buggy, huma stess.

460
00:21:27,490 --> 00:21:30,790
>> Mela here-- jekk int kurjuż, I ser
leave dawn slides up online--

461
00:21:30,790 --> 00:21:32,990
hija l-informazzjoni attwali
li l-avversarju taw.

462
00:21:32,990 --> 00:21:36,680
U hu jew hi kien
titlob għall fil bitcoin--

463
00:21:36,680 --> 00:21:40,890
li huwa currency-- virtwali $ 800
Istati Uniti biex attwalment jiddekripta data tiegħek.

464
00:21:40,890 --> 00:21:45,494
Sfortunatament, dan
kien kompletament ttelfu.

465
00:21:45,494 --> 00:21:47,410
Allura issa aħna ser tħares lejn
xi ħaġa aktar politiku.

466
00:21:47,410 --> 00:21:49,510
U għal darb'oħra, l-għan hawnhekk huwa
biex jibdew jaħsbu dwar kif

467
00:21:49,510 --> 00:21:51,051
inti tista 'tagħmel deċiżjonijiet aktar infurmati.

468
00:21:51,051 --> 00:21:53,310
U din hija xi ħaġa
jiġri bħalissa fir-Renju Unit.

469
00:21:53,310 --> 00:21:56,500
U dan kien Tagline isbaħ
minn artiklu dwar dan.

470
00:21:56,500 --> 00:21:58,840
Ir-Renju Unit qed tintroduċi, bħala
tkun taf tara, sorveljanza ġdida

471
00:21:58,840 --> 00:22:02,040
bill biha-Renju Unit huwa
tipproponi li tissorvelja kollox

472
00:22:02,040 --> 00:22:03,930
l Brits do għal perjodu ta 'sena.

473
00:22:03,930 --> 00:22:05,420
U allura l-data hija jintefgħu 'l barra.

474
00:22:05,420 --> 00:22:08,350
Quote, unquote, "Ikun
jservu tirannija tajjeb. "

475
00:22:08,350 --> 00:22:11,490
>> Mela ejja tagħti ħarsa ma
ħabib tas-Sur Colbert tal.

481
00:22:11,670 --> 00:22:17,250
U aħna jibdew mar-Renju Unit,
Inqas renju magic dinja.

482
00:22:17,250 --> 00:22:22,490
>> Din il-ġimgħa, id-dibattitu ġie qalila fuq
hemm fuq liġi ġdida kontroversjali.

483
00:22:22,490 --> 00:22:25,550
>> -Il-Gvern Ingliż huwa
liġijiet ġodda ta 'sorveljanza kixef

484
00:22:25,550 --> 00:22:30,430
li testendi b'mod sinifikanti s-setgħa tagħha
li jissorvelja l-attivitajiet tan-nies online.

485
00:22:30,430 --> 00:22:32,830
>> -Theresa Mejju hemm sejħiet
dan liċenzja biex jopera.

486
00:22:32,830 --> 00:22:35,360
Oħrajn qalu li din ta '
charter Snooper, ikollhom le?

487
00:22:35,360 --> 00:22:38,986
>> Well, iżżomm fuq because-- tal Snooper
Karta mhuwiex il-frażi dritt.

488
00:22:38,986 --> 00:22:41,110
Li tinstema l
ftehim tmien-il sena ta 'hija

489
00:22:41,110 --> 00:22:45,680
sfurzati li jiffirmaw promettenti biex knock
qabel ma jidħol kamra tas-sodda tal-ġenituri tiegħu.

490
00:22:45,680 --> 00:22:49,860
Dexter, jiffirmaw charter dan Snooper jew
aħna ma tistax tinżamm responsabbli għal dak

491
00:22:49,860 --> 00:22:52,070
inti tista 'tara.

492
00:22:52,070 --> 00:22:57,170
>> Dan il-kont jista 'potenzjalment jikteb
fil-liġi invażjoni kbira tal-privatezza.

493
00:22:57,170 --> 00:23:01,900
>> -Under Il-pjanijiet, lista ta 'websajts
spezzjonata minn kull persuna fir-Renju Unit

494
00:23:01,900 --> 00:23:06,160
se jiġu rreġistrati għal sena u jista
ikunu disponibbli għall-pulizija u s-sigurtà

495
00:23:06,160 --> 00:23:06,890
servizzi.

496
00:23:06,890 --> 00:23:09,430
>> -Dan Komunikazzjonijiet
data mhux tiżvela

497
00:23:09,430 --> 00:23:13,030
il-paġna web eżatt li ħares lejn,
iżda jkun juri s-sit kien fuq.

498
00:23:13,030 --> 00:23:13,530
-KOLLOX SEW.

499
00:23:13,530 --> 00:23:17,720
Allura ma jkunx jaħżnu l-
paġna eżatta, biss il-websajt.

500
00:23:17,720 --> 00:23:20,370
Iżda dan għadu ħafna ta 'informazzjoni.

501
00:23:20,370 --> 00:23:22,525
Per eżempju, jekk xi ħadd
żar orbitz.com,

502
00:23:22,525 --> 00:23:24,670
youd taf li kienu
ħsieb dwar teħid ta 'vjaġġ.

503
00:23:24,670 --> 00:23:27,860
Jekk żar yahoo.com, youd
jafu li biss kellhom puplesija

504
00:23:27,860 --> 00:23:29,999
u nesa l-kelma "google."

505
00:23:29,999 --> 00:23:34,260
U jekk żar vigvoovs.com,
youd taf li qed qarn

506
00:23:34,260 --> 00:23:36,620
u ewlenin B tagħhom ma taħdimx.

507
00:23:36,620 --> 00:23:40,720
>> And yet kollha għall-knis
kompetenzi tal-kont fih,

508
00:23:40,720 --> 00:23:44,340
British Home Secretary Theresa Mejju
jinsisti li kritiċi minfuħa out

509
00:23:44,340 --> 00:23:45,320
mill-proporzjon.

510
00:23:45,320 --> 00:23:49,330
>> Rekord konnessjoni bl-internet -An huwa
rekord tas-servizz ta 'komunikazzjoni

511
00:23:49,330 --> 00:23:54,030
li persuna tkun użat, ma rekord
ta 'kull paġna web li jkunu aċċessibbli.

512
00:23:54,030 --> 00:23:58,520
Huwa sempliċiment l-moderna ekwivalenti
ta 'kont tat-telefon dettaljat.

513
00:23:58,520 --> 00:24:02,344
>> -Yeah, Iżda li mhux daqshekk
rassikuranti kif hi taħseb li huwa.

514
00:24:02,344 --> 00:24:03,260
U jien ser jgħidlek il-għaliex.

515
00:24:03,260 --> 00:24:06,990
L-ewwel, jien ma jridu li l-gvern
tħares lejn telefon tiegħi sejħiet lanqas.

516
00:24:06,990 --> 00:24:09,350
U t-tieni, l-
internet browsing istorja

517
00:24:09,350 --> 00:24:11,900
huwa xi ftit differenti minn
kont tat-telefon dettaljat.

518
00:24:11,900 --> 00:24:17,155
Ħadd ma frantically tħassar telefon tagħhom
bill kull darba li jispiċċaw sejħa.

519
00:24:17,155 --> 00:24:17,854
>> [END Daqq]

520
00:24:17,854 --> 00:24:20,520
DAVID Malan: emerġenti A mudell
kif nipprepara għall-klassi.

521
00:24:20,520 --> 00:24:22,900
Huwa biss jaraw it-TV għal ġimgħa
u ara dak toħroġ, b'mod ċar.

522
00:24:22,900 --> 00:24:25,660
Allura dan, wisq, kien biss mill-aħħar
lejl fuq "Last Week Tonight."

523
00:24:25,660 --> 00:24:27,920
Mela ejja tibda biex jitkellmu issa
dwar xi wħud mill-difiżi.

524
00:24:27,920 --> 00:24:29,920
Tabilħaqq, għal xi ħaġa
bħal dan, fejn il-Brits

525
00:24:29,920 --> 00:24:33,830
qed jipproponu li jżomm reġistru ta 'dak it-tip
ta 'data, fejn jista' dan jiġi ġejjin minn?

526
00:24:33,830 --> 00:24:36,790
Well, jiġbor lura mingħand il pset sitt,
pset seba ', u pset tmienja issa

527
00:24:36,790 --> 00:24:39,620
li ġewwa ta 'dawk virtwali
envelopes-- inqas għal HTTP--

528
00:24:39,620 --> 00:24:41,330
huma messaġġi li jixbhu dan.

529
00:24:41,330 --> 00:24:43,410
U għalhekk dan il-messaġġ,
naturalment, huwa mhux biss

530
00:24:43,410 --> 00:24:46,615
indirizzata lil indirizz speċifiku IP,
li l-gvern hawn jew hemm

531
00:24:46,615 --> 00:24:47,830
jista 'ċertament log.

532
00:24:47,830 --> 00:24:51,350
Iżda anke ġewwa ta 'dak il-pakkett huwa
isemmu espliċita tal-isem tad-dominju

533
00:24:51,350 --> 00:24:52,380
li l-jiġu viżitati.

534
00:24:52,380 --> 00:24:54,430
U jekk mhuwiex biss
mmejla, għandu mnejn attwalment

535
00:24:54,430 --> 00:24:57,140
jkun isem fajl speċifiku jew
immaġni jew movie speċifiku

536
00:24:57,140 --> 00:24:59,780
jew, għal darb'oħra, xejn ta '
interess għalik tista

537
00:24:59,780 --> 00:25:02,160
jiġu ċertament interċettati jekk
kollha tal-traffiku tan-network

538
00:25:02,160 --> 00:25:04,950
huwa b'xi mod qed rrappreżentati
permezz ta 'servers governattivi,

539
00:25:04,950 --> 00:25:07,550
kif diġà jiġri f'xi
pajjiżi, jew jekk ikun hemm

540
00:25:07,550 --> 00:25:10,542
huma tip ta 'magħrufa jew
ftehim mhux żvelata,

541
00:25:10,542 --> 00:25:13,500
kif ġara diġà f'dan
pajjiż bejn ċerti players-- kbir

542
00:25:13,500 --> 00:25:16,960
ISPs u l-kumpaniji tat-telefon u
l like-- u l-gvern.

543
00:25:16,960 --> 00:25:20,680
>> Hekk umoristiċi story---aħħar darba I għażlet
badplace.com l-quċċata tar-ras tiegħi

544
00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:23,350
bħala eżempju ta 'vaga
website, I ma attwalment

545
00:25:23,350 --> 00:25:26,560
vet qabel jekk jew le li
fil-fatt wassal għal badplace.com.

546
00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:29,120
Thankfully, f'dan il-qasam
isem huwa biss ipparkjata,

547
00:25:29,120 --> 00:25:31,342
u din attwalment ma
jwassal għal badplace.com.

548
00:25:31,342 --> 00:25:33,470
Allura aħna ser tkompli
użu li wieħed għal issa.

549
00:25:33,470 --> 00:25:36,730
Imma jien told li jistgħu stajt backfire
verament fqira dak il-jum partikolari.

550
00:25:36,730 --> 00:25:39,970
>> Mela ejja tibda issa nitkellmu
dwar ċerti difiżi

551
00:25:39,970 --> 00:25:42,460
u dak toqob hemm
jista 'anke jkun f'dawk.

552
00:25:42,460 --> 00:25:46,700
Allura passwords huwa tip ta 'l-go-to twieġeb
għal ħafna mekkaniżmi ta 'difiża, id-dritt?

553
00:25:46,700 --> 00:25:50,300
Just password jipproteġuh, imbagħad
li se żżomm l-avversarji out.

554
00:25:50,300 --> 00:25:51,790
Imma dak li ma attwalment jfisser?

555
00:25:51,790 --> 00:25:56,030
>> Allura lura mit Hacker
tnejn, lura jekk inti ttrattati

556
00:25:56,030 --> 00:26:00,680
that-- meta inti kellhom xquq passwords
fil-file-- jew anke fil-problema

557
00:26:00,680 --> 00:26:04,310
sett seba ', meta aħna nagħtuk SQL kampjun
fajl ta 'xi usernames u passwords.

558
00:26:04,310 --> 00:26:06,980
Dawn kienu l-usernames inti
raw, u dawn kienu l-hashes

559
00:26:06,980 --> 00:26:09,647
li aħna mqassma għall-
Hacker edizzjoni ta 'problema sett tnejn.

560
00:26:09,647 --> 00:26:12,730
U jekk inti kont qed jistaqsi dan kollu
ħin liema l-passwords attwali kienu,

561
00:26:12,730 --> 00:26:14,934
dan huwa dak, fil-fatt,
huma decrypt li, li

562
00:26:14,934 --> 00:26:18,100
inti jista 'jkun maqsum fi pset tnejn, jew
inti jista 'jkun playfully dehret minnhom

563
00:26:18,100 --> 00:26:20,390
fl problema stabbiliti sebgħa.

564
00:26:20,390 --> 00:26:23,760
Kollha kemm huma għandhom xi wieħed jittama
tifsira ħelu hawn jew fi New Haven.

565
00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:26,510
>> Iżda l-takeaway hija li
kollha kemm huma, għall-inqas hawn,

566
00:26:26,510 --> 00:26:28,619
huma pjuttost qasir, pretty guessable.

567
00:26:28,619 --> 00:26:31,160
I mean, ibbażata fuq il-lista hawn,
li huma forsi l-eħfef

568
00:26:31,160 --> 00:26:34,540
biex jitwaqqaf, biex insemmu billi tikteb
software li biss guesses u kontrolli,

569
00:26:34,540 --> 00:26:36,009
would you say?

570
00:26:36,009 --> 00:26:36,800
UDJENZA: Password.

571
00:26:36,800 --> 00:26:38,591
DAVID Malan: l Password
pjuttost tajba, id-dritt?

572
00:26:38,591 --> 00:26:41,202
U huwa wieħed just--, huwa
password komuni ħafna.

573
00:26:41,202 --> 00:26:44,410
Fil-fatt, kull sena hemm lista ta '
l-passwords aktar komuni fid-dinja.

574
00:26:44,410 --> 00:26:47,342
U kwotazzjoni, unquote "password"
huwa ġeneralment atop dik il-lista.

575
00:26:47,342 --> 00:26:48,425
Tnejn, huwa fil-dizzjunarju.

576
00:26:48,425 --> 00:26:50,310
U inti taf minn problema
sett ħamsa li mhuwiex

577
00:26:50,310 --> 00:26:52,110
li hard-- jista 'jkun
ftit consuming-- ħin

578
00:26:52,110 --> 00:26:54,440
iżda mhux li diffiċli li tagħbija
dizzjunarju big fil-memorja

579
00:26:54,440 --> 00:26:56,190
u mbagħad jużaw dan sabiex
tip ta 'raden u kontroll

580
00:26:56,190 --> 00:26:58,060
Kliem kollha possibbli fi dizzjunarju.

581
00:26:58,060 --> 00:27:01,108
>> X'iktar jista 'jkun pjuttost
faċli biex raden u jiċċekkjaw?

582
00:27:01,108 --> 00:27:02,084
Yeah?

583
00:27:02,084 --> 00:27:04,036
>> UDJENZA: Ir-ripetizzjoni ta 'ittri.

584
00:27:04,036 --> 00:27:12,360

585
00:27:12,360 --> 00:27:14,760
>> DAVID Malan: Ir-ripetizzjoni
ta 'simboli u ittri.

586
00:27:14,760 --> 00:27:16,280
Għalhekk tip ta 'tip ta'.

587
00:27:16,280 --> 00:27:20,570
Allura, fl fact-- u aħna mhux se jmorru fil kbir
dettall here-- kollha ta 'dawn kienu immellaħ,

588
00:27:20,570 --> 00:27:23,404
li inti tista 'recall minn
problema stabbiliti dokumentazzjoni seba s.

589
00:27:23,404 --> 00:27:24,820
Xi wħud minnhom għandhom l-imluħa differenti.

590
00:27:24,820 --> 00:27:28,240
Allura inti tista 'attwalment jevitaw li
ripetizzjoni ta 'ċerti karattri sempliċement

591
00:27:28,240 --> 00:27:30,220
mill-tmelliħ l-passwords differenti.

592
00:27:30,220 --> 00:27:33,460
>> Imma l-affarijiet bħal 12345, li
ħaġa pjuttost faċli biex raden.

593
00:27:33,460 --> 00:27:35,770
U franchement, il-problema
kollha ta 'dawn passwords

594
00:27:35,770 --> 00:27:39,982
hija li dawn qed kollha biss jużaw 26
karattri possibbli, jew forsi 52

595
00:27:39,982 --> 00:27:41,690
ma 'xi uppercase,
u mbagħad 10 ittri.

596
00:27:41,690 --> 00:27:43,500
Jien ma jużawx xi karattri funky.

597
00:27:43,500 --> 00:27:49,870
Jien ma jużawx żerijiet għall s O jew dawk
għall I tal or-- jew L's jekk kwalunkwe inti

598
00:27:49,870 --> 00:27:54,220
taħseb li int qed għaqlija, għalkemm, minn
li jkollhom żero għal O fil password tiegħek

599
00:27:54,220 --> 00:27:55,570
or-- OK, I raw xi ħadd tbissima.

600
00:27:55,570 --> 00:28:00,790
Allura xi ħadd ikollu żero għall
O fi password tiegħu jew tagħha.

601
00:28:00,790 --> 00:28:03,720
>> Int mhux attwalment qed bħala
għaqlija kif inti tista 'taħseb, right?

602
00:28:03,720 --> 00:28:06,150
Għaliex jekk aktar minn wieħed mill
us qed tagħmel dan fil-room--

603
00:28:06,150 --> 00:28:09,400
u stajt kienu ħatja ta 'dan bħala well--
ukoll, it-tip jekk kulħadd isir dan,

604
00:28:09,400 --> 00:28:10,940
dak ma l-avversarju għandek tagħmel?

605
00:28:10,940 --> 00:28:14,310
Just żid żero u dawk
u l-koppja ta 'other--

606
00:28:14,310 --> 00:28:18,135
forsi fours għall H's-- li tiegħu jew tagħha
armament u biss tissostitwixxi dawk

607
00:28:18,135 --> 00:28:19,510
ittri minflok il-kliem dizzjunarju.

608
00:28:19,510 --> 00:28:22,040
U huwa biss addizzjonali
loop jew xi ħaġa bħal dik.

609
00:28:22,040 --> 00:28:24,570
>> Allura verament, l-aħjar
difiża għall passwords

610
00:28:24,570 --> 00:28:28,412
hija xi ħaġa ħafna, ħafna aktar
każwali-seeming allura dawn.

611
00:28:28,412 --> 00:28:30,120
Issa, naturalment, theddid
kontra passwords

612
00:28:30,120 --> 00:28:31,620
kultant jinkludu emails bħal dik.

613
00:28:31,620 --> 00:28:34,640
So I litteralment biss ltqajna dan
fl-inbox tiegħi erbat ijiem ilu.

614
00:28:34,640 --> 00:28:38,010
Dan huwa minn Bretagne, li
apparentement jaħdem fi harvard.edu.

615
00:28:38,010 --> 00:28:40,080
U hi kitbet lili bħala
utent webmail. "Aħna biss

616
00:28:40,080 --> 00:28:41,880
ndunat li email tiegħek
kont kien logged

617
00:28:41,880 --> 00:28:43,796
fuq il-kompjuter ieħor
f'post differenti,

618
00:28:43,796 --> 00:28:46,410
u inti biex tivverifika
identità personali tiegħek. "

619
00:28:46,410 --> 00:28:50,810
>> Allura tematika f'ħafna emails bħal
dan, li huma eżempji ta 'phishing

620
00:28:50,810 --> 00:28:56,310
attacks-- P-H-I-S-H-I-N-G-- fejn
xi ħadd qed tipprova għall-ħut u nikseb xi

621
00:28:56,310 --> 00:28:59,560
informazzjoni minn int,
ġeneralment minn email bħal dan.

622
00:28:59,560 --> 00:29:02,320
Imma liema huma wħud mill-telltale
sinjali li dan ma jkunx, fil-fatt,

623
00:29:02,320 --> 00:29:04,345
email leġittimu minn
Università ta 'Harvard?

624
00:29:04,345 --> 00:29:06,860

625
00:29:06,860 --> 00:29:09,080
Dak X'inhu?

626
00:29:09,080 --> 00:29:11,380
>> Allura grammatika ħażina, il-
kapitalizzazzjoni stramb,

627
00:29:11,380 --> 00:29:13,540
kif xi ittri huma
kapitalizzat f'ċerti postijiet.

628
00:29:13,540 --> 00:29:15,900
Hemm xi indentazzjoni fard
fi ftit postijiet.

629
00:29:15,900 --> 00:29:18,220
X 'iktar?

630
00:29:18,220 --> 00:29:19,470
Dak X'inhu?

631
00:29:19,470 --> 00:29:22,230
Ukoll, li ċertament
helps---kaxxa isfar big

632
00:29:22,230 --> 00:29:25,900
li tgħid dan jista 'jkun spam minn
Google, li huwa ċertament utli.

633
00:29:25,900 --> 00:29:28,100
>> Allura hemm ħafna ta 'sinjali telltale hawn.

634
00:29:28,100 --> 00:29:30,700
Iżda r-realtà hija li dawn
emails għandhom jaħdmu, id-dritt?

635
00:29:30,700 --> 00:29:34,970
Huwa pretty cheap, jekk mhux b'xejn, li tibgħat
out mijiet jew eluf ta 'emails.

636
00:29:34,970 --> 00:29:37,315
U m'humiex biss billi jibgħat
lilhom minn ISP tiegħek stess.

637
00:29:37,315 --> 00:29:39,930
Waħda mill-affarijiet li
malware ma għandhom tendenza li do--

638
00:29:39,930 --> 00:29:43,260
hekk viruses u dud li aċċidentalment
jinfettaw jew kompjuters minħabba li ħadthom

639
00:29:43,260 --> 00:29:47,390
ġie miktub minn adversaries-- wieħed mill-
affarijiet li jagħmlu huwa biss lenbija ispam.

640
00:29:47,390 --> 00:29:49,860
>> Allura x'hemm ma teżistix
fid-dinja, fil-fatt,

641
00:29:49,860 --> 00:29:52,706
huma affarijiet imsejħa botnets,
li huwa mod fancy ta 'tgħid

642
00:29:52,706 --> 00:29:55,080
li l-persuni kodifikazzjoni aħjar
ħiliet minn persuna li

643
00:29:55,080 --> 00:29:59,040
kiteb li verżjoni Buggy ta 'software,
jkunu attwalment software miktub

644
00:29:59,040 --> 00:30:03,080
li n-nies bħalna unsuspectingly
jinstallaw fuq kompjuters tagħna

645
00:30:03,080 --> 00:30:05,830
u mbagħad tibda taħdem wara
l-kwinti, unbeknownst lilna.

646
00:30:05,830 --> 00:30:08,850
U dawk malware
programmi intercommunicate.

647
00:30:08,850 --> 00:30:11,350
Huma jiffurmaw netwerk,
botnet jekk inti se.

648
00:30:11,350 --> 00:30:13,820
U ġeneralment, l-aktar
sofistikata ta 'avversarji

649
00:30:13,820 --> 00:30:17,820
għandu xi tip ta 'kontroll mill-bogħod fuq
eluf, jekk mhux għexieren ta 'eluf,

650
00:30:17,820 --> 00:30:20,800
ta 'kompjuters minn sempliċiment jibgħat
messaġġ fuq l-internet

651
00:30:20,800 --> 00:30:24,620
li kollha ta 'dawk bots, biex ngħidu hekk,
huma jistgħu jisimgħu jew kultant

652
00:30:24,620 --> 00:30:29,430
talba minn xi sit ċentrali u mbagħad
tista 'tiġi kkontrollata li jibgħat spam.

653
00:30:29,430 --> 00:30:32,210
>> U dawn l-affarijiet jistgħu jkunu spam
biss mibjugħa lill-ogħla offerent.

654
00:30:32,210 --> 00:30:34,890
Jekk int kumpanija jew
tip ta 'kumpannija marġinali

655
00:30:34,890 --> 00:30:38,720
li ma verament jimpurtak mill-
tip ta 'etika ta' spamming utenti tiegħek

656
00:30:38,720 --> 00:30:40,600
imma inti biss trid
hit out miljun ruħ

657
00:30:40,600 --> 00:30:42,390
u nisperaw li 1% tal-
them-- li għadu

658
00:30:42,390 --> 00:30:45,326
numru nontrivial
tal buyers-- potenzjal

659
00:30:45,326 --> 00:30:48,450
inti tista 'attwalment tħallas dawn avversarji
fis-tip ta 'suq iswed ta' tipi

660
00:30:48,450 --> 00:30:50,930
li jibgħat dawn spam
permezz botnets tagħhom għalik.

661
00:30:50,930 --> 00:30:54,380
>> Allura huwa biżżejjed li jingħad, dan mhux
email partikolarment konvinċenti.

662
00:30:54,380 --> 00:30:56,410
Iżda anke Harvard u
Yale u simili spiss

663
00:30:56,410 --> 00:31:00,150
jagħmlu żbalji, f'dak
nafu minn ftit ġimgħat

664
00:31:00,150 --> 00:31:04,870
lura li inti tista 'tagħmel
link jgħidu www.paypal.com.

665
00:31:04,870 --> 00:31:06,440
U jidher qisu tmur hemmhekk.

666
00:31:06,440 --> 00:31:08,480
Imma, naturalment, huwa
fatt ma tagħmel dan.

667
00:31:08,480 --> 00:31:11,646
>> U hekk Harvard u Yale u oħrajn
ċertament kien ħati matul is-snin

668
00:31:11,646 --> 00:31:13,650
sabiex jintbagħtu emails
li huma leġittimi,

669
00:31:13,650 --> 00:31:15,810
iżda dawn ma fihom hyperlinks fihom.

670
00:31:15,810 --> 00:31:19,030
U aħna, bħala bnedmin, ġew
mħarrġa mill-tip ta 'l-uffiċjali,

671
00:31:19,030 --> 00:31:21,997
spiss, li attwalment kemm issegwi
links li nirċievu fl-email.

672
00:31:21,997 --> 00:31:23,580
Iżda anke li mhuwiex l-aħjar prattika.

673
00:31:23,580 --> 00:31:25,390
Mela jekk inti qatt tikseb
email bħal this--

674
00:31:25,390 --> 00:31:28,339
u forsi huwa mill Paypal jew
Harvard jew Yale jew Bank of America

675
00:31:28,339 --> 00:31:31,630
jew il like-- inti xorta għandha ma ikklikkja
l-link, anki jekk jidher leġittimu.

676
00:31:31,630 --> 00:31:34,019
Għandek manwalment tip
li URL yourself.

677
00:31:34,019 --> 00:31:36,060
U franchement, dan huwa dak
l-amministratur tas-sistema

678
00:31:36,060 --> 00:31:39,530
għandhom jiġu tgħidilna biex jagħmlu dan li
aħna mhux qed tricked fis tagħmel dan.

679
00:31:39,530 --> 00:31:44,930
>> Issa, kif ħafna minnkom, forsi
billi tħares stabbiliti fuq sedil tiegħek,

680
00:31:44,930 --> 00:31:46,890
jkunu passwords bil-miktub stabbiliti x'imkien?

681
00:31:46,890 --> 00:31:52,640
Forsi fil-kexxun fil-kamra dorm tiegħek jew
forsi under-- fi backpack x'imkien?

682
00:31:52,640 --> 00:31:53,140
Kartiera?

683
00:31:53,140 --> 00:31:53,450
Nru?

684
00:31:53,450 --> 00:31:54,950
>> UDJENZA: Fi lockbox nar?

685
00:31:54,950 --> 00:31:56,690
>> DAVID Malan: Fi lockbox nar?

686
00:31:56,690 --> 00:31:57,290
KOLLOX SEW.

687
00:31:57,290 --> 00:32:01,750
Allura dak aħjar minn
nota twaħħal fuq il-monitor tiegħek.

688
00:32:01,750 --> 00:32:04,459
Allura ċertament, xi wħud
inti tinsisti ebda.

689
00:32:04,459 --> 00:32:06,750
Imma xi ħaġa jgħidlekx me li l-
mhux neċessarjament il-każ.

690
00:32:06,750 --> 00:32:08,920
Allura kif madwar aktar faċli,
question-- aktar probabbli

691
00:32:08,920 --> 00:32:13,395
kif ħafna minnkom qed tuża l-
istess password għal siti multipli?

692
00:32:13,395 --> 00:32:14,040
Oh, OK.

693
00:32:14,040 --> 00:32:14,770
Issa aħna qed jkunu onesti.

694
00:32:14,770 --> 00:32:15,270
>> Kull dritt.

695
00:32:15,270 --> 00:32:17,560
Allura li l-aħbar sabiħa, id-dritt?

696
00:32:17,560 --> 00:32:21,170
Għaliex jekk dan ifisser jekk biss wieħed minn dawk
siti inti kollha qed tuża hija kompromessa,

697
00:32:21,170 --> 00:32:23,800
issa l-avversarju għandu
aċċess għal aktar informazzjoni

698
00:32:23,800 --> 00:32:26,220
dwarek jew aktar jisfrutta potenzjali.

699
00:32:26,220 --> 00:32:27,660
Allura dak wieħed faċli biex jiġi evitat.

700
00:32:27,660 --> 00:32:30,250
Imma kemm għandek
password pretty guessable?

701
00:32:30,250 --> 00:32:33,344
Forsi mhux ħażin kif dan, imma xi ħaġa?

702
00:32:33,344 --> 00:32:34,510
Għal xi sit stupid, id-dritt?

703
00:32:34,510 --> 00:32:36,630
Mhuwiex l b'riskju għoli,
ma jkollux karta ta 'kreditu?

704
00:32:36,630 --> 00:32:37,200
Lkoll.

705
00:32:37,200 --> 00:32:40,990
Bħal, anke jien passwords li
huma probabbilment biss 12345, żgur.

706
00:32:40,990 --> 00:32:44,930
Allura issa tipprova qtugħ fil kull website
inti tista 'taħseb mal malan@harvard.edu

707
00:32:44,930 --> 00:32:47,000
u 12345 u ara jekk li xogħlijiet.

708
00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:47,980
>> Iżda nagħmlu dan, wisq.

709
00:32:47,980 --> 00:32:48,650
Allura għaliex?

710
00:32:48,650 --> 00:32:54,510
Għaliex tant minna jkollhom jew pretty
passwords faċli jew l-istess passwords?

711
00:32:54,510 --> 00:32:58,070
X'hemm--dinja reali
Raġunament għal dan?

712
00:32:58,070 --> 00:32:59,190
Huwa aktar faċli, id-dritt?

713
00:32:59,190 --> 00:33:01,372
Jekk I said minflok,
akkademikament, inti guys

714
00:33:01,372 --> 00:33:03,580
għandhom verament tkun għażla
passwords pseudorandom li

715
00:33:03,580 --> 00:33:07,060
huma mill-inqas 16 karattri twil u jkollu
kombinazzjoni ta 'ittri alfabetiċi,

716
00:33:07,060 --> 00:33:09,550
numri, u simboli,
li l-infern li qed jiġri

717
00:33:09,550 --> 00:33:11,650
biex ikunu jistgħu jagħmlu dan jew
ftakar dawk passwords,

718
00:33:11,650 --> 00:33:14,820
aħseb u ara għal kull wieħed u
kull website possibbli?

719
00:33:14,820 --> 00:33:16,022
>> Allura x'hemm soluzzjoni vijabbli?

720
00:33:16,022 --> 00:33:17,730
Ukoll, wieħed mill-
akbar takeaways llum,

721
00:33:17,730 --> 00:33:20,500
wisq, pragmatiku, kieku
jiġu, onestament, biex tibda

722
00:33:20,500 --> 00:33:22,820
jużaw xi tip ta 'maniġer password.

723
00:33:22,820 --> 00:33:25,260
Issa, hemm upsides u
aspetti negattivi ta 'dawn l-affarijiet, wisq.

724
00:33:25,260 --> 00:33:27,259
Dawn huma tnejn li aħna
tendenza li jirrakkomandaw fl CS50.

725
00:33:27,259 --> 00:33:28,530
One imsejħa buttuna 1Password.

726
00:33:28,530 --> 00:33:29,664
Wieħed sejjaħ LastPass.

727
00:33:29,664 --> 00:33:31,330
U xi wħud minnkom tista 'tuża dawn diġà.

728
00:33:31,330 --> 00:33:33,470
Imma hija ġeneralment
biċċa ta 'softwer li

729
00:33:33,470 --> 00:33:36,710
ma jiffaċilitaw jiġġeneraw big
passwords pseudorandom li inti

730
00:33:36,710 --> 00:33:38,790
ma jistgħux possibilment tiftakar bħala bniedem.

731
00:33:38,790 --> 00:33:41,650
Taħżen dawk pseudorandom
passwords fid-database tagħha stess,

732
00:33:41,650 --> 00:33:45,110
nisperaw fuq hard lokali tiegħek
drive-- encrypted, aħjar għadhom.

733
00:33:45,110 --> 00:33:46,930
U kull ma għandek, il-bniedem,
għandek tiftakar,

734
00:33:46,930 --> 00:33:50,879
tipikament, hija password kaptan wieħed, li
probabbilment se tkun twila super.

735
00:33:50,879 --> 00:33:52,420
U forsi mhuwiex karattri każwali.

736
00:33:52,420 --> 00:33:56,350
Forsi huwa, bħal, sentenza jew
paragrafu qasir li inti tista tiftakar

737
00:33:56,350 --> 00:33:59,430
u inti tista tip darba kuljum
li nisfruttaw il-kompjuter tiegħek.

738
00:33:59,430 --> 00:34:02,960
>> Allura inti tuża speċjalment kbar
password biex jipproteġu u għall-kriptaġġ

739
00:34:02,960 --> 00:34:04,610
kollha ta 'passwords oħra tiegħek.

740
00:34:04,610 --> 00:34:07,110
Imma issa int fil-
drawwa li jużaw software

741
00:34:07,110 --> 00:34:10,139
bħal dan biex jiġġeneraw pseudorandom
passwords madwar kollha tal-websajts

742
00:34:10,139 --> 00:34:10,770
inti żżur.

743
00:34:10,770 --> 00:34:13,620
U fil-fatt, nista '
komdu jgħidu issa, fl-2015,

744
00:34:13,620 --> 00:34:15,900
I do not know ħafna mill
passwords tiegħi aktar.

745
00:34:15,900 --> 00:34:18,659
Naf password kaptan tiegħi,
u I tip li, unknowingly,

746
00:34:18,659 --> 00:34:20,449
darba jew aktar kuljum.

747
00:34:20,449 --> 00:34:23,655
Iżda l-rasu huwa li issa, jekk ikun hemm
ta 'wieħed kontijiet tiegħi tkun kompromessa,

748
00:34:23,655 --> 00:34:25,780
hemm ebda mod xi ħadd ikun
ser tuża dak il-kont

749
00:34:25,780 --> 00:34:28,969
li jsibu rwieħhom għaliex ħadd ieħor ta '
passwords tiegħi huma l-istess jibqgħalu.

750
00:34:28,969 --> 00:34:32,230
>> U ċertament, l-ebda wieħed, anke jekk
jew hi jikteb software kontradittorju

751
00:34:32,230 --> 00:34:35,270
li forza brutali affarijiet u
raden kollha passwords-- possibbli

752
00:34:35,270 --> 00:34:38,850
l-odds li huma ser
jagħżlu tiegħi 24-karattru passwords twil

753
00:34:38,850 --> 00:34:43,480
huwa biss hekk, tant baxxi jien biss ma
inkwetati dwar din it-theddida aktar.

754
00:34:43,480 --> 00:34:45,250
>> Allura x'inhu l-kompromess hawn?

755
00:34:45,250 --> 00:34:46,409
Dan jidher mill-isbaħ.

756
00:34:46,409 --> 00:34:48,260
Jien għalhekk ħafna aktar sikuri.

757
00:34:48,260 --> 00:34:49,400
X'hemm-trade-off?

758
00:34:49,400 --> 00:34:50,000
Yeah?

759
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:51,850
>> UDJENZA: Time.

760
00:34:51,850 --> 00:34:52,600
DAVID Malan: Time.

761
00:34:52,600 --> 00:34:54,516
Huwa ħafna aktar faċli li
tip 12345 u jien logged

762
00:34:54,516 --> 00:34:57,670
fil versus xi ħaġa li 24
karattri twil jew paragrafu qasir.

763
00:34:57,670 --> 00:34:58,170
X 'iktar?

764
00:34:58,170 --> 00:35:00,211
>> UDJENZA: Jekk xi ħadd pawżi
password kaptan tiegħek.

765
00:35:00,211 --> 00:35:01,702
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

766
00:35:01,702 --> 00:35:03,660
Allura inti qed jinbidlu tip ta '
ix-xenarju ta 'theddid.

767
00:35:03,660 --> 00:35:07,110
Jekk xi ħadd guesses jew figuri
jew jaqra n-nota Post-it

768
00:35:07,110 --> 00:35:09,900
fil-kaxxa-forti tiegħek fajl sikuri,
l-password kaptan ikollok,

769
00:35:09,900 --> 00:35:12,576
issa kollox huwa kompromessa
li biha qabel it

770
00:35:12,576 --> 00:35:13,700
kien forsi ftit kont wieħed.

771
00:35:13,700 --> 00:35:14,200
X 'iktar?

772
00:35:14,200 --> 00:35:16,640
>> UDJENZA: Jekk inti tixtieq li tuża kwalunkwe
ta 'kontijiet tiegħek fuq mezz ieħor

773
00:35:16,640 --> 00:35:18,110
u inti ma għandekx LastPass [inaudible].

774
00:35:18,110 --> 00:35:19,680
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, li
tip ta 'qabda, wisq.

775
00:35:19,680 --> 00:35:22,080
B'dawn l-għodod, wisq, jekk
inti ma għandekx kompjuter tiegħek

776
00:35:22,080 --> 00:35:25,430
u int fl, bħal, xi kafetterija jew int
fil-dar ta 'ħabib jew laboratorju tal-kompjuter

777
00:35:25,430 --> 00:35:27,750
jew fejn u inti tixtieq
log fis Facebook,

778
00:35:27,750 --> 00:35:29,980
inti lanqas biss jafu liema
password tiegħek Facebook huwa.

779
00:35:29,980 --> 00:35:32,600
Issa xi kultant, inti tista 'itaffu
dan billi jkun hemm soluzzjoni

780
00:35:32,600 --> 00:35:35,670
li aħna ser nitkellmu dwar fi ftit mument
imsejħa awtentikazzjoni b'żewġ fatturi

781
00:35:35,670 --> 00:35:38,740
li biha Facebook se test inti jew
Se jibgħat messaġġ speċjali encrypted

782
00:35:38,740 --> 00:35:41,120
għall-telefon tiegħek jew xi oħra
apparat li tkun qed iġġorr madwar

783
00:35:41,120 --> 00:35:42,912
fuq keychain tiegħek ma '
li inti tista 'log fil.

784
00:35:42,912 --> 00:35:46,120
Imma dak li, forsi, annoying jekk int
fil-kantina tal-ċentru tax-xjenza

785
00:35:46,120 --> 00:35:48,130
jew x'imkien ieħor hawn fuq kampus New Haven tal.

786
00:35:48,130 --> 00:35:49,320
Inti jista 'ma jkollhomx sinjal.

787
00:35:49,320 --> 00:35:51,044
U hekk li mhux neċessarjament soluzzjoni.

788
00:35:51,044 --> 00:35:52,210
Allura huwa verament kompromess.

789
00:35:52,210 --> 00:35:54,780
Imma dak I ninkoraġġukom biex
do-- jekk inti tmur għall-websajt CS50, il

790
00:35:54,780 --> 00:35:57,750
għandna attwalment irranġati għall-ewwel minn
dawn il-kumpaniji għal liċenzja sit,

791
00:35:57,750 --> 00:36:00,541
biex ngħidu hekk, għall-istudenti kollha CS50
sabiex inti ma għandekx tħallas il-$ 30

792
00:36:00,541 --> 00:36:01,860
jew hekk ispejjeż normalment.

793
00:36:01,860 --> 00:36:06,030
Għal MACs u Windows, inti tista 'check out
1Password b'xejn fuq il-websajt CS50, l

794
00:36:06,030 --> 00:36:07,730
u aħna ser ganċ inti up ma 'dak.

795
00:36:07,730 --> 00:36:10,630
>> Realizzata, wisq, li xi wħud
dawn tools-- inklużi LastPass

796
00:36:10,630 --> 00:36:13,280
f'wieħed mill forms-- tagħha huwa
sħaba bbażati, bħala Colbert

797
00:36:13,280 --> 00:36:17,584
jgħid, li jfisser passwords tiegħek
huma encryptedly maħżuna fil-sħaba.

798
00:36:17,584 --> 00:36:20,750
L-idea hemm li inti tista 'tmur
xi persuna każwali jew kompjuter ħabib

799
00:36:20,750 --> 00:36:23,030
u l-log in to Facebook tiegħek
kont jew bħalhom

800
00:36:23,030 --> 00:36:26,287
għaliex inti l-ewwel imorru għall
lastpass.com, aċċess password tiegħek,

801
00:36:26,287 --> 00:36:27,120
u mbagħad it-tip fil.

802
00:36:27,120 --> 00:36:29,180
Imma x'inhu l-xenarju ta 'theddid hemmhekk?

803
00:36:29,180 --> 00:36:31,610
Jekk inti qed ħażna affarijiet
fil-sħaba, u int

804
00:36:31,610 --> 00:36:35,980
aċċess din il-websajt
fuq xi kompjuter mhux magħruf,

805
00:36:35,980 --> 00:36:40,561
dak li jista ħabib tiegħek tkun qiegħda tagħmel
lilek jew lil keystrokes tiegħek?

806
00:36:40,561 --> 00:36:41,060
KOLLOX SEW.

807
00:36:41,060 --> 00:36:44,140
I ser tkun manwalment avvanz
pjastri hawn fuq barra.

808
00:36:44,140 --> 00:36:45,020
>> Keylogger, id-dritt?

809
00:36:45,020 --> 00:36:47,030
Tip ieħor ta 'malware
huwa keylogger, li

810
00:36:47,030 --> 00:36:49,740
huwa biss programm li attwalment
zkuk kollox inti tip.

811
00:36:49,740 --> 00:36:53,580
Allura hemm, wisq, huwa probabbilment aħjar li
għandhom xi mezz sekondarju bħal dan.

812
00:36:53,580 --> 00:36:55,320
>> Allura x'inhi l-awtentikazzjoni b'żewġ fatturi?

813
00:36:55,320 --> 00:36:58,240
Kif tissuġġerixxi l-isem, huwa inti għandek
mhux wieħed iżda żewġ fatturi li magħhom

814
00:36:58,240 --> 00:36:59,870
biex jawtentikaw għal sit.

815
00:36:59,870 --> 00:37:04,520
Allura minflok użu biss password,
ikollok xi tieni fattur ieħor.

816
00:37:04,520 --> 00:37:07,479
Issa, li ġeneralment jiġifieri, waħda,
fattur huwa xi ħaġa li taf.

817
00:37:07,479 --> 00:37:09,520
Allura xi ħaġa tip ta 'fil
għajnejn moħħok, li hija

818
00:37:09,520 --> 00:37:11,160
password tiegħek li inti stajt memorizzati.

819
00:37:11,160 --> 00:37:13,870
Iżda tnejn, ma xi ħaġa oħra
li taf jew li memorizzati

820
00:37:13,870 --> 00:37:15,690
imma xi ħaġa li għandek fiżikament għandek.

821
00:37:15,690 --> 00:37:18,607
L-idea hawnhekk qed
theddida tiegħek m'għadux

822
00:37:18,607 --> 00:37:20,940
jista 'jkun hemm xi persuna bl-addoċċ
fuq l-internet li tista 'sempliċement

823
00:37:20,940 --> 00:37:22,400
raden jew figura password tiegħek.

824
00:37:22,400 --> 00:37:25,779
Hu jew hi għandu jkollhom fiżika
aċċess għal xi ħaġa li għandek,

825
00:37:25,779 --> 00:37:27,570
li għadu possibbli
u għadu, forsi,

826
00:37:27,570 --> 00:37:29,150
l-aktar fiżikament theddida.

827
00:37:29,150 --> 00:37:31,024
Imma hija inqas
tip differenti ta 'theddida.

828
00:37:31,024 --> 00:37:34,360
Mhuwiex miljun ruħ nameless
hemmhekk tipprova tikseb lejn id-data tiegħek.

829
00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:36,730
Issa huwa speċifiku ħafna
persuna, forsi,

830
00:37:36,730 --> 00:37:40,370
li jekk dan huwa kwistjoni, li
problema oħra għal kollox, kif ukoll.

831
00:37:40,370 --> 00:37:42,670
>> Allura li ġeneralment jeżisti
għat-telefowns jew apparati oħra.

832
00:37:42,670 --> 00:37:46,540
U, fil-fatt, Yale biss rolled
dan out nofs l-semestru bħal

833
00:37:46,540 --> 00:37:48,456
li dan ma jaffettwax
folks fil din il-kamra.

834
00:37:48,456 --> 00:37:50,330
Iżda dawk minnkom li ġejjin
flimkien fi New Haven

835
00:37:50,330 --> 00:37:52,410
jafu li jekk youd log
fis yale.net ID tiegħek,

836
00:37:52,410 --> 00:37:54,720
minbarra ittajpjar tiegħek
isem l-utent u password tiegħek,

837
00:37:54,720 --> 00:37:56,060
int imbagħad imħeġġa ma 'dan.

838
00:37:56,060 --> 00:37:58,060
U, per eżempju, dan huwa
screenshot I ħa dalgħodu

839
00:37:58,060 --> 00:37:59,640
meta I logged in kunsiderazzjoni Yale tiegħi.

840
00:37:59,640 --> 00:38:02,480
U tibgħat me l-ekwivalenti
ta 'messaġġ test għall-telefon tiegħi.

841
00:38:02,480 --> 00:38:05,750
Iżda fir-realtà, I jitniżżel app
minn qabel li Yale issa tiddistribwixxi,

842
00:38:05,750 --> 00:38:08,840
u I għandhom issa biss tip fil-
kodiċi li jibagħtu lill telefon tiegħi.

843
00:38:08,840 --> 00:38:11,830
>> Iżda biex ikunu ċari, il-
rasu ta 'dan huwa li issa,

844
00:38:11,830 --> 00:38:14,550
anki jekk xi ħadd figuri barra
password Yale tiegħi, jien sikur.

845
00:38:14,550 --> 00:38:15,300
Dan mhux biżżejjed.

846
00:38:15,300 --> 00:38:18,990
Dak li biss ċavetta waħda, imma jien
jeħtieġ żewġ li nisfruttaw kont tiegħi.

847
00:38:18,990 --> 00:38:21,886
Imma x'inhu l-tnaqqis,
forsi, ta 'sistema Yale?

848
00:38:21,886 --> 00:38:24,420
U aħna ser let Yale know.

849
00:38:24,420 --> 00:38:26,770
X'hemm-tnaqqis?

850
00:38:26,770 --> 00:38:28,369
Dak X'inhu?

851
00:38:28,369 --> 00:38:31,660
Jekk inti ma għandekx servizz taċ-ċelluli jew jekk inti
m'għandhomx Wi-Fi aċċess għax int

852
00:38:31,660 --> 00:38:34,760
biss fil-kantina jew xi ħaġa, inti
jistgħu ma jkunux kapaċi jiksbu l-messaġġ.

853
00:38:34,760 --> 00:38:37,640
Thankfully, f'dan il-każ partikolari,
dan se jużaw Wi-Fi jew xi ħaġa oħra,

854
00:38:37,640 --> 00:38:38,730
li jaħdem madwaru.

855
00:38:38,730 --> 00:38:39,730
Iżda xenarju possibbli.

856
00:38:39,730 --> 00:38:41,067
X 'iktar?

857
00:38:41,067 --> 00:38:42,150
Inti tista 'titlef telefon tiegħek.

858
00:38:42,150 --> 00:38:43,108
Inti sempliċiment ma jkollhomx dan.

859
00:38:43,108 --> 00:38:43,964
Il-batterija imut.

860
00:38:43,964 --> 00:38:45,880
I mean, hemm numru
xenarji ta 'annoying

861
00:38:45,880 --> 00:38:50,040
iżda xenarji possibbli li jista 'jiġri
li tagħmel inti dispjaċir din id-deċiżjoni.

862
00:38:50,040 --> 00:38:52,450
U l-agħar possibbli
riżultat, franchement, allura

863
00:38:52,450 --> 00:38:54,979
tkun għall-utenti biex
jiskonnettjaw din għal kollox.

864
00:38:54,979 --> 00:38:56,770
Hekk hemm dejjem se
li jkun din it-tensjoni.

865
00:38:56,770 --> 00:38:59,950
U inti għandek issib għalik innifsek
bħala tip utent ta 'post ħelu.

866
00:38:59,950 --> 00:39:03,110
U biex tagħmel dan, tieħu koppja
ta 'suġġerimenti konkreti.

867
00:39:03,110 --> 00:39:07,170
Jekk tuża Google Gmail jew Google apps,
jafu li jekk inti tmur biex dan il-URL hawn,

868
00:39:07,170 --> 00:39:09,300
inti tista 'tippermetti żewġ fattur
awtentikazzjoni.

869
00:39:09,300 --> 00:39:11,807
Google jitlob it verifika 2-pass.

870
00:39:11,807 --> 00:39:13,890
U inti ikklikkja Setup, u
allura inti tagħmel eżattament dan.

871
00:39:13,890 --> 00:39:16,960
Li l-ħaġa tajba li tagħmel, speċjalment
dawn il-jiem għaliex, grazzi għall cookies,

872
00:39:16,960 --> 00:39:18,510
int illoggjat kważi kollha jum twil.

873
00:39:18,510 --> 00:39:20,910
Allura inti rarament ikollhom biex
tip password tiegħek xorta waħda.

874
00:39:20,910 --> 00:39:23,360
Allura inti tista 'tagħmel dan darba
ġimgħa, darba fix-xahar, darba kuljum,

875
00:39:23,360 --> 00:39:25,650
u huwa inqas ta 'big
jittrattaw milli fil-passat.

876
00:39:25,650 --> 00:39:27,470
>> Facebook, wisq, għandha dan.

877
00:39:27,470 --> 00:39:31,710
Jekk int ftit wisq laxka ma typing
password Facebook tiegħek fis ħbieb "

878
00:39:31,710 --> 00:39:35,640
kompjuters, għall-inqas jippermetti żewġ fattur
awtentikazzjoni b'mod li dan il-ħabib,

879
00:39:35,640 --> 00:39:39,940
anki jekk hu jew hi jkun
logger keystroke,

880
00:39:39,940 --> 00:39:41,440
dawn ma jistgħux jiksbu fil-kont tiegħek.

881
00:39:41,440 --> 00:39:43,100
Well, għaliex huwa li?

882
00:39:43,100 --> 00:39:45,810
Ma kellekx huma biss log l
kodiċi Stajt ittajpjat fil fuq il-mobile tiegħi

883
00:39:45,810 --> 00:39:47,647
li Facebook bagħat lili?

884
00:39:47,647 --> 00:39:48,563
UDJENZA: [inaudible].

885
00:39:48,563 --> 00:39:50,990

886
00:39:50,990 --> 00:39:51,740
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

887
00:39:51,740 --> 00:39:53,890
Is-softwer mfassla tajjeb
se jinbidlu dawk il-kodiċijiet

888
00:39:53,890 --> 00:39:56,760
li huma mibgħuta lill-telefon tiegħek
kull ftit sekondi jew kull darba

889
00:39:56,760 --> 00:39:58,790
u sabiex, yeah, anke
jekk hu jew hi figuri barra

890
00:39:58,790 --> 00:40:02,032
liema kodiċi tiegħek huwa, int xorta
sikur minħabba li se jkunu skadew.

891
00:40:02,032 --> 00:40:04,240
U dan huwa dak li jidher
simili fuq il-websajt Facebook.

892
00:40:04,240 --> 00:40:06,340
>> Iżda hemm approċċ oħra għal kollox.

893
00:40:06,340 --> 00:40:10,130
Mela jekk dawk it-tipi ta 'kompromessi
mhumiex partikolarment alluring,

894
00:40:10,130 --> 00:40:13,620
prinċipju ġenerali fis-sigurtà se
jkun, ukoll, biss mill-inqas l-affarijiet ta 'verifika.

895
00:40:13,620 --> 00:40:17,380
Ma tip ta 'tpoġġi rasek fil-
ramel u biss qatt ma tkun taf jekk jew meta

896
00:40:17,380 --> 00:40:18,890
inti ħadthom ġiet kompromessa jew attakkati.

897
00:40:18,890 --> 00:40:22,435
Mill-inqas twaqqaf xi mekkaniżmu
li tinfurmak istantanjament

898
00:40:22,435 --> 00:40:25,060
jekk anomali xi ħaġa ġara
sabiex inti mill-inqas dejqa

899
00:40:25,060 --> 00:40:28,030
l-tieqa ta 'żmien
li xi ħadd jista 'jagħmel ħsara.

900
00:40:28,030 --> 00:40:31,070
>> U minn dan, I tfisser il following--
fil Facebook, per eżempju,

901
00:40:31,070 --> 00:40:33,370
inti tista 'ddawar fuq dak
huma jitolbu allerti login.

902
00:40:33,370 --> 00:40:37,020
U d-dritt issa, stajt ppermettiet email
login allerti iżda mhux notifiki.

903
00:40:37,020 --> 00:40:39,290
U dak li tfisser hija
li jekk avviżi Facebook

904
00:40:39,290 --> 00:40:41,994
Stajt logged in a computer-- ġdida
bħal I ma jkollhomx cookie,

905
00:40:41,994 --> 00:40:44,660
huwa l-indirizz IP differenti, huwa
tip differenti ta 'computer--

906
00:40:44,660 --> 00:40:47,580
dawn se, f'dan ix-xenarju, tibgħat
email qal, ħej, David.

907
00:40:47,580 --> 00:40:51,200
Qisu inti illoggjat minn
kompjuter familjari, biss FYI.

908
00:40:51,200 --> 00:40:54,020
>> U issa kont tiegħi tista 'tkun
kompromessa, jew ħabib annoying tiegħi

909
00:40:54,020 --> 00:40:58,390
seta 'kien jillogja
kont tiegħi issa kollokament affarijiet

910
00:40:58,390 --> 00:41:00,070
dwar l-għalf aħbarijiet tiegħi jew simili.

911
00:41:00,070 --> 00:41:03,340
Imma l-anqas l-ammont ta 'ħin
li magħhom I am injorant ta 'dak

912
00:41:03,340 --> 00:41:04,630
huwa super, dejqa super.

913
00:41:04,630 --> 00:41:06,140
U nista 'nisperaw jirrispondu.

914
00:41:06,140 --> 00:41:08,974
Allura kull tlieta minn dawn, nixtieq
jiġifieri, huma affarijiet tajbin ħafna li jagħmlu.

915
00:41:08,974 --> 00:41:10,890
Liema huma xi theddidiet
li huma ftit diffiċli

916
00:41:10,890 --> 00:41:13,060
għalina utenti biex jipproteġu kontra jispiċċaw?

917
00:41:13,060 --> 00:41:16,180
Hawn xi ħadd jaf liema
sessjoni ħtif hu?

918
00:41:16,180 --> 00:41:18,800
Huwa theddida aktar tekniku,
iżda familjari ħafna issa li konna

919
00:41:18,800 --> 00:41:22,450
isir pset sitt u seba 'u issa tmienja.

920
00:41:22,450 --> 00:41:27,260
Allura tfakkar li meta inti tibgħat it-traffiku
fuq l-internet, ftit affarijiet jiġri.

921
00:41:27,260 --> 00:41:32,450
Let me imorru quddiem u
log fis C9 jew CS50.io.

922
00:41:32,450 --> 00:41:36,240
Agħti me biss mument wieħed li
log fil-kont jHarvard tiegħi.

923
00:41:36,240 --> 00:41:37,590
>> UDJENZA: X'hemm password tiegħek.

924
00:41:37,590 --> 00:41:40,530
>> DAVID Malan: 12345.

925
00:41:40,530 --> 00:41:41,740
Kull dritt.

926
00:41:41,740 --> 00:41:45,530
U fil hawn, jafu li jekk immur
quddiem u jitolbu web page--

927
00:41:45,530 --> 00:41:47,030
u fil-frattemp, let me tagħmel dan.

928
00:41:47,030 --> 00:41:50,390
Let me jiftħu Ispettur Chrome
tab u traffiku tan-network tiegħi.

929
00:41:50,390 --> 00:41:57,120
U let me mur
http://facebook.com u ċar dan.

930
00:41:57,120 --> 00:41:58,120
Attwalment, inti taf liema?

931
00:41:58,120 --> 00:42:04,800
Ejja ħa mmorru lil aktar familjari
one-- https://finance.cs50.net

932
00:42:04,800 --> 00:42:08,300
u ikklikkja Ikteb u l-log
it-traffiku tan-network hawn.

933
00:42:08,300 --> 00:42:13,930
>> Allura avviż hawn, jekk nħares
fit-traffiku tan-network tiegħi,

934
00:42:13,930 --> 00:42:17,140
rispons headers-- ejja go up here.

935
00:42:17,140 --> 00:42:18,920
Rispons headers-- hawn.

936
00:42:18,920 --> 00:42:23,740
Allura l-ewwel talba li I
mibgħuta, li kien għall-paġna default,

937
00:42:23,740 --> 00:42:25,800
dan rrisponda
dawn headers rispons proprji tagħhom.

938
00:42:25,800 --> 00:42:27,820
U konna tkellimna dwar
affarijiet simili lokazzjoni.

939
00:42:27,820 --> 00:42:30,700
Bħal, post ifisser
direzzjoni ġdida lill login.php.

940
00:42:30,700 --> 00:42:33,970
Iżda ħaġa waħda aħna ma jitkellmu enormi
ammont dwar kien linji bħal dan.

941
00:42:33,970 --> 00:42:36,010
Allura dan huwa ġewwa tal-
pakkett virtwali li l-

942
00:42:36,010 --> 00:42:38,220
mibgħuta minn CS50 Finance--
il-verżjoni inti guys kiteb,

943
00:42:38,220 --> 00:42:41,342
too-- li laptop ta 'utent
jew kompjuter desktop.

944
00:42:41,342 --> 00:42:42,550
U dan qed tistabbilixxi cookie.

945
00:42:42,550 --> 00:42:44,550
Imma dak huwa cookie?

946
00:42:44,550 --> 00:42:46,110
Think lura għad-diskussjoni tagħna ta 'PHP.

947
00:42:46,110 --> 00:42:48,347
Yeah?

948
00:42:48,347 --> 00:42:51,180
Yeah, huwa mod ta 'javżak l-
websajt li int xorta illoggjat.

949
00:42:51,180 --> 00:42:52,340
Imma kif ma dan ix-xogħol?

950
00:42:52,340 --> 00:42:57,090
Well, fuq jżuru finance.cs50.net,
jidher qisu li server

951
00:42:57,090 --> 00:42:59,010
li aħna implimentat ikun iffissar ta 'cookie.

952
00:42:59,010 --> 00:43:03,280
U dak il-cookie huwa konvenzjonalment
sejħa PHPSESSID sessjoni ID.

953
00:43:03,280 --> 00:43:06,305
U inti tista 'taħseb hija simili
handstamp virtwali fi klabb jew, bħal,

954
00:43:06,305 --> 00:43:09,140
park ta 'divertiment, biċċa ftit
ta 'linka ħamra li tmur fuq naħa tiegħek

955
00:43:09,140 --> 00:43:12,280
sabiex il-ħin li jmiss inti żżur il-
gate, inti sempliċiment juru naħa tiegħek,

956
00:43:12,280 --> 00:43:16,320
u l-bouncer fil-bieb ser tavżak
jgħaddu jew xejn affattu bbażata fuq dik timbru.

957
00:43:16,320 --> 00:43:19,120
>> Allura l-sussegwenti
jitlobhom browser tiegħi

958
00:43:19,120 --> 00:43:22,800
sends-- jekk immur għat-talba jmiss
u inti tħares lejn l-intestaturi talba,

959
00:43:22,800 --> 00:43:24,450
tkun taf Avviż Jittieħed aktar.

960
00:43:24,450 --> 00:43:26,890
Iżda l-aktar importanti huwa dan
porzjon enfasizzat here--

961
00:43:26,890 --> 00:43:28,660
mhux stabbiliti cookie iżda cookie.

962
00:43:28,660 --> 00:43:32,090
U jekk I flip permezz ta 'kull wieħed
ta 'dawk it-talbiet HTTP sussegwenti,

963
00:43:32,090 --> 00:43:35,360
kull darba jiena nara idejn
jiġi estiż bl-istess eżatt

964
00:43:35,360 --> 00:43:38,410
PHPSESSID, li jiġifieri
dan huwa l-mechanism--

965
00:43:38,410 --> 00:43:41,640
dan pseudorandom big number-- li
server juża biex iżommu l-illużjoni

966
00:43:41,640 --> 00:43:46,390
ta '$ _SESSION oġġett PHP, li fih
inti jista 'jaħżen affarijiet simili ID tal-utent

967
00:43:46,390 --> 00:43:49,720
jew x'hemm fil shopping cart tagħhom jew
kwalunkwe numru ta 'biċċiet oħra ta' data.

968
00:43:49,720 --> 00:43:51,510
>> Allura x'inhu l-implikazzjoni?

969
00:43:51,510 --> 00:43:54,841
Ukoll, dak li jekk dan
data mhux encrypted?

970
00:43:54,841 --> 00:43:57,090
U, fil-fatt, aħna għall-aħjar
prattika kriptaġġ pretty ħafna

971
00:43:57,090 --> 00:43:59,117
kull waħda mill-websajts CS50 tal f'dawn il-jiem.

972
00:43:59,117 --> 00:44:01,200
Imma hija komuni ħafna dawn
jum għall-websajts għadhom

973
00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:04,640
ma jkollhom HTTPS fil
il-bidu tal-URL.

974
00:44:04,640 --> 00:44:06,722
Huma qed biss HTTP, kolon, mmejla slash.

975
00:44:06,722 --> 00:44:08,640
Allura x'inhu l-implikazzjoni hemmhekk?

976
00:44:08,640 --> 00:44:10,530
Li sempliċiment ifisser li
kollha ta 'dawn headers

977
00:44:10,530 --> 00:44:12,030
huma ġewwa ta 'dak il-pakkett virtwali.

978
00:44:12,030 --> 00:44:14,860
U kull min sniffs
l-arja jew fiżikament

979
00:44:14,860 --> 00:44:17,660
interċettazzjonijiet li Packet fiżikament
tista 'tfittex ġewwa u ara

980
00:44:17,660 --> 00:44:18,590
dak li cookie huwa.

981
00:44:18,590 --> 00:44:21,700
>> U hekk sessjoni ħtif
hija sempliċement teknika

982
00:44:21,700 --> 00:44:25,590
li avversarju juża biex sniff data
fl-ajru jew fuq xi f'netwerk bil-fili,

983
00:44:25,590 --> 00:44:27,340
tfittex ġewwa ta 'dan
pakkett, u ara, oh.

984
00:44:27,340 --> 00:44:30,450
Nara li cookie tiegħek
huwa 2kleu ikun x'ikun.

985
00:44:30,450 --> 00:44:33,390
Let me imorru quddiem u jagħmlu
kopja ta 'timbru idejn tiegħek

986
00:44:33,390 --> 00:44:37,050
u issa tibda jżuru Facebook
jew Gmail jew kwalunkwe myself

987
00:44:37,050 --> 00:44:39,360
u biss tippreżenta l-
istess handstamp eżatt.

988
00:44:39,360 --> 00:44:42,510
U r-realtà hija, browsers u
servers verament huma li naive.

989
00:44:42,510 --> 00:44:45,780
Jekk il-server jara dak l-istess
cookie, l-iskop tagħha fil-ħajja

990
00:44:45,780 --> 00:44:47,660
għandu jkun li tgħid, oh,
li għandu jkun David,

991
00:44:47,660 --> 00:44:49,570
li sempliċiment illoggjat ftit ilu.

992
00:44:49,570 --> 00:44:53,860
Let me juru dan l-istess utent,
preżumibbilment, inbox David jew Facebook

993
00:44:53,860 --> 00:44:56,260
messaġġi jew xi ħaġa oħra
li fih illoggjat tiegħek.

994
00:44:56,260 --> 00:44:58,950
>> U l-unika difiża kontra
li huwa biss kriptaġġ

995
00:44:58,950 --> 00:45:00,760
kollox ġewwa tal-pakkett.

996
00:45:00,760 --> 00:45:03,200
U Thankfully, ħafna ta 'siti simili
Facebook u Google u simili

997
00:45:03,200 --> 00:45:04,200
qed jagħmlu li llum.

998
00:45:04,200 --> 00:45:07,159
Iżda xi li ma tħallik
perfettament, perfettament vulnerabbli.

999
00:45:07,159 --> 00:45:10,200
U waħda mill-affarijiet li inti tista 'do--
u wieħed mill-karatteristiċi sbieħ, franchement,

1000
00:45:10,200 --> 00:45:12,180
tal 1Password, is-software
Semmejt qabel,

1001
00:45:12,180 --> 00:45:14,682
huwa jekk inti jinstallaw fuq tiegħek
Mac jew PC, is-software,

1002
00:45:14,682 --> 00:45:16,390
minbarra ħażna tiegħek
passwords, se wkoll

1003
00:45:16,390 --> 00:45:20,840
twissi inti jekk inti qatt tipprova
jillogja websajt li l-

1004
00:45:20,840 --> 00:45:23,065
ser tibgħat username tiegħek
u password unencrypted

1005
00:45:23,065 --> 00:45:25,740
u fil-ċar, biex ngħidu hekk.

1006
00:45:25,740 --> 00:45:26,240
Kull dritt.

1007
00:45:26,240 --> 00:45:28,120
Allura sessjoni ħtif jeħodna għal dan.

1008
00:45:28,120 --> 00:45:31,950
Iżda hemm dan ieħor
mod li HTTP headers

1009
00:45:31,950 --> 00:45:34,950
jistgħu jintużaw biex jieħdu vantaġġ minna.

1010
00:45:34,950 --> 00:45:36,530
U dan għadu tip ta 'kwistjoni.

1011
00:45:36,530 --> 00:45:39,405
Dan huwa verament ftit adorable
skuża biex imqiegħed Monster cookie here.

1012
00:45:39,405 --> 00:45:42,360
Iżda Verizon u AT & T u
oħrajn ħadet ħafna flak

1013
00:45:42,360 --> 00:45:46,510
ftit xhur lura għall tinjetta,
unbeknownst utenti inizjalment,

1014
00:45:46,510 --> 00:45:48,640
header HTTP żejda.

1015
00:45:48,640 --> 00:45:52,680
>> Allura dawk minnkom li kellhom
Verizon Wireless jew AT & T phone

1016
00:45:52,680 --> 00:45:56,280
telefowns, u inti kont qed iżuru
websajts permezz tat-telefon tiegħek,

1017
00:45:56,280 --> 00:46:00,510
unbeknownst lilek, wara HTTP tiegħek
talbiet leave Chrome jew Safari

1018
00:46:00,510 --> 00:46:04,620
jew kwalunkwe fuq il-mobile tiegħek, mur
li Verizon jew AT & T router,

1019
00:46:04,620 --> 00:46:07,530
dawn presumptuously
għal xi żmien kienu

1020
00:46:07,530 --> 00:46:10,990
tinjetta header li jistenna
bħal this-- par valur ewlieni fejn

1021
00:46:10,990 --> 00:46:14,300
l-importanti hu biss X-UIDH
għall identifikatur uniku

1022
00:46:14,300 --> 00:46:17,110
header u mbagħad ftit valur każwali kbar.

1023
00:46:17,110 --> 00:46:18,950
U huma jagħmlu dan hekk
li jistgħu unikament

1024
00:46:18,950 --> 00:46:25,050
identifikati kollha traffiku web tiegħek biex
nies li jirċievu talba HTTP tiegħek.

1025
00:46:25,050 --> 00:46:27,300
>> Issa, għaliex kieku Verizon
u AT & T u simili

1026
00:46:27,300 --> 00:46:30,140
jridu jidentifikaw unikament inti
l-websajts li qed iżuru?

1027
00:46:30,140 --> 00:46:31,740
>> UDJENZA: servizz tal-klijent Aħjar.

1028
00:46:31,740 --> 00:46:33,510
>> DAVID Malan: Better-- ebda.

1029
00:46:33,510 --> 00:46:37,430
Huwa maħsub tajjeb, imma hija
mhux għall-klijent tas-servizz aħjar.

1030
00:46:37,430 --> 00:46:38,970
X 'iktar?

1031
00:46:38,970 --> 00:46:40,140
Reklamar, id-dritt?

1032
00:46:40,140 --> 00:46:42,970
Sabiex ikunu jistgħu jibnu
netwerk ta 'reklamar, preżumibbilment,

1033
00:46:42,970 --> 00:46:45,570
li biha anki jekk inti
irriżultaw off cookies,

1034
00:46:45,570 --> 00:46:48,090
anki jekk għandek speċjali
software fuq il-mobile tiegħek

1035
00:46:48,090 --> 00:46:50,970
li inti żżomm fil incognito mode-- ha.

1036
00:46:50,970 --> 00:46:54,195
M'hemm l-ebda mod incognito meta l
bniedem fil-middle-- litteralment, Verizon

1037
00:46:54,195 --> 00:46:57,410
jew AT & T-- qed jinjettak
data addizzjonali li fuqha

1038
00:46:57,410 --> 00:47:02,450
ikollok l-ebda kontroll, biex b'hekk żvelat
min int biex din il-websajt li jirriżulta

1039
00:47:02,450 --> 00:47:03,280
ġdid u għal darb'oħra.

1040
00:47:03,280 --> 00:47:06,720
>> Allura hemm modi biex jagħżlu li jitilqu minn dan.

1041
00:47:06,720 --> 00:47:08,970
Iżda hawn ukoll, hija xi ħaġa
li franchement, l-uniku mod

1042
00:47:08,970 --> 00:47:12,070
biex timbotta lura fuq dan huwa li titħalla
it-trasportatur għal kollox, jneħħiha

1043
00:47:12,070 --> 00:47:14,610
jekk anki jippermettu li inti,
jew, kif ġara f'dan il-każ,

1044
00:47:14,610 --> 00:47:18,910
jagħmlu pjuttost ftit ta 'fuss online bħal
li l-kumpaniji effettivament tirrispondi.

1045
00:47:18,910 --> 00:47:22,640
Dan, ukoll, huwa biss ieħor
opportunità adorable biex juru din.

1046
00:47:22,640 --> 00:47:30,530
>> U ejja tagħti ħarsa lejn, ejja
jgħidu, żewġ theddid finali wieħed jew.

1047
00:47:30,530 --> 00:47:32,860
Allura aħna tkellimna dwar CS50 Finanzi hawn.

1048
00:47:32,860 --> 00:47:37,590
Allura inti ser ikollok avviż li għandna dan ħelu
ftit ikona fuq il-buttuna login hawn.

1049
00:47:37,590 --> 00:47:40,550
Xi jfisser jekk I
minflok jużaw din l-ikona?

1050
00:47:40,550 --> 00:47:42,240
Allura qabel, wara.

1051
00:47:42,240 --> 00:47:43,645
Qabel wara.

1052
00:47:43,645 --> 00:47:44,520
X'tagħmel wara jfisser?

1053
00:47:44,520 --> 00:47:47,470

1054
00:47:47,470 --> 00:47:49,324
Huwa sikur.

1055
00:47:49,324 --> 00:47:50,740
Dak hu li nixtieq li inti taħseb.

1056
00:47:50,740 --> 00:47:53,690
Iżda Ironikament, huwa sikur
għaliex għandna HTTPS.

1057
00:47:53,690 --> 00:47:56,840
>> Iżda dan huwa kemm huwa faċli għall-bidla
xi ħaġa fuq websajt, id-dritt?

1058
00:47:56,840 --> 00:47:58,555
You know kollha daqsxejn ta HTML u CSS issa.

1059
00:47:58,555 --> 00:48:00,430
U fil-fatt, huwa pjuttost
to-- faċli u jekk inti

1060
00:48:00,430 --> 00:48:01,990
ma tagħmel it-- li jibdlu l-ikona.

1061
00:48:01,990 --> 00:48:04,240
Iżda dan, wisq, huwa dak
kumpaniji mgħallma magħna biex jagħmlu.

1062
00:48:04,240 --> 00:48:06,890
Allura hawnhekk screenshot minn Bank
tal-website Amerika dalgħodu.

1063
00:48:06,890 --> 00:48:08,973
U avviż, wieħed, dawn qed
rassikuranti me li l-huwa

1064
00:48:08,973 --> 00:48:11,030
sinjal sigura f'mill quċċata xellug.

1065
00:48:11,030 --> 00:48:13,530
U huma wkoll ikollhom
icon katnazz fuq il-buttuna,

1066
00:48:13,530 --> 00:48:16,820
li jfisser dak li lili, l-utent aħħari?

1067
00:48:16,820 --> 00:48:18,390
>> Tassew xejn, id-dritt?

1068
00:48:18,390 --> 00:48:21,070
Dak li hu importanti huwa l-fatt
li hemm il-green big

1069
00:48:21,070 --> 00:48:22,950
URL up top ma HTTPS.

1070
00:48:22,950 --> 00:48:27,120
Imma jekk irridu zoom fl fuq dan, huwa biss
bħali, li jafu xi ftit ta 'HTML

1071
00:48:27,120 --> 00:48:30,280
u daqsxejn ta 'CSS, u qal,
ħej, website tiegħi huwa sigur.

1072
00:48:30,280 --> 00:48:35,340
Bħal, kulħadd jista 'jitqiegħed katnazz u l
kelma sigura-sinjal fuq fuq il-websajt tagħhom.

1073
00:48:35,340 --> 00:48:36,880
U huwa verament ifisser xejn.

1074
00:48:36,880 --> 00:48:39,420
Xi jfisser tfisser xi ħaġa
huwa xi ħaġa bħal din,

1075
00:48:39,420 --> 00:48:44,240
fejn inti tara https: //-fatt li
Bank of korporazzjoni Amerika għandu dan

1076
00:48:44,240 --> 00:48:47,670
bar aħdar kbar, filwaqt CS50 ma,
ifisser biss huma mħallsa diversi mijiet

1077
00:48:47,670 --> 00:48:51,110
dollari aktar li jkollhom addizzjonali
verifika isir ta 'dominju tagħhom

1078
00:48:51,110 --> 00:48:55,120
fl-Istati Uniti sabiex browsers li jaderixxu
dan l-istandard se juru wkoll us

1079
00:48:55,120 --> 00:48:57,380
ftit aktar minn dak.

1080
00:48:57,380 --> 00:49:01,532
>> Allura aħna ser tħalli l-affarijiet fil li,
mbezza inti ftit aktar qabel fit-tul.

1081
00:49:01,532 --> 00:49:03,240
Iżda nhar l-Erbgħa,
aħna ser tkun magħquda bis Scaz

1082
00:49:03,240 --> 00:49:05,050
minn Yale għal ħarsa lejn
inteliġenza artifiċjali

1083
00:49:05,050 --> 00:49:06,675
u dak li nistgħu nagħmlu ma 'dawn il-magni.

1084
00:49:06,675 --> 00:49:08,970
Aħna se tara inti ħin li jmiss.