1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,924 >> [Music kucheza] 2 00:00:01,924 --> 00:00:10,600 3 00:00:10,600 --> 00:00:13,280 >> SPIKA: Karibu tena, kila mtu. 4 00:00:13,280 --> 00:00:15,440 Hii ni CS50. 5 00:00:15,440 --> 00:00:21,040 Na leo, tuna mengi ya mambo ya kuvutia ya kuzungumzia. 6 00:00:21,040 --> 00:00:25,500 Kwanza, ingawa, nina kuwakumbusha mambo ya kiutawala chache. 7 00:00:25,500 --> 00:00:30,160 Wiki hii ni jaribio moja, Jumatano au kwa sehemu Yale 8 00:00:30,160 --> 00:00:32,940 juu ya Jumanne na Alhamisi, siku ya Alhamisi. 9 00:00:32,940 --> 00:00:38,170 Kuna kitaalam Jaribio usiku wa leo katika Yale, 5:30-07:00. 10 00:00:38,170 --> 00:00:40,030 Katika Harvard, wao kumbukumbu jana moja. 11 00:00:40,030 --> 00:00:43,000 Na kila mtu anaweza kuangalia kwamba online. 12 00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:49,406 >> Pia, wiki hii au mapema wiki ijayo, tuna CS50 yetu ya mwisho ya hotuba. 13 00:00:49,406 --> 00:00:51,450 [Kilio] najua. 14 00:00:51,450 --> 00:00:54,140 Ikaenda hivyo hivi karibuni. 15 00:00:54,140 --> 00:00:57,820 Yale wanafunzi watakuwa na kuishi hotuba hapa katika shule Sheria 16 00:00:57,820 --> 00:00:59,920 ukumbi siku ya Ijumaa. 17 00:00:59,920 --> 00:01:01,140 Kutakuwa na keki. 18 00:01:01,140 --> 00:01:05,570 Harvard wanafunzi watakuwa na hotuba ya mwisho katika Sanders siku ya Jumatatu. 19 00:01:05,570 --> 00:01:08,050 Kuna pia kuwa keki. 20 00:01:08,050 --> 00:01:14,000 >> Pia, wiki hii siku ya Ijumaa, kwa wale ambao wako katika mkumbo wa New Haven, 21 00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:15,740 tuna CS50 Expo. 22 00:01:15,740 --> 00:01:18,850 Tuna zaidi ya 30 makundi mbalimbali waliosajiliwa 23 00:01:18,850 --> 00:01:22,530 na kuonyesha kila kitu kutoka sailboats uhuru, 24 00:01:22,530 --> 00:01:27,170 kwa mifumo ya kwamba kutambua portraits digital, kwa kompyuta 25 00:01:27,170 --> 00:01:32,100 muziki na kompyuta-zinazozalishwa muziki. 26 00:01:32,100 --> 00:01:33,610 Hivyo tafadhali kujiunga na sisi. 27 00:01:33,610 --> 00:01:36,460 Nadhani ni kwenda kuwa na muda mwingi. 28 00:01:36,460 --> 00:01:40,320 >> Leo, ingawa, sisi kupata kuendelea kuzungumza juu ya ai, 29 00:01:40,320 --> 00:01:43,150 kuhusu akili bandia. 30 00:01:43,150 --> 00:01:46,070 Na moja ya mambo ambayo tunakwenda kupata leo 31 00:01:46,070 --> 00:01:51,750 ni wazo la jinsi ya kutumia ai kutatua matatizo. 32 00:01:51,750 --> 00:01:54,690 Sasa, kama siku zote, hebu kuanza na kitu rahisi. 33 00:01:54,690 --> 00:01:57,120 Na sisi ni kwenda kuanza na wazo rahisi. 34 00:01:57,120 --> 00:01:59,920 Na hiyo ndiyo kutumia search. 35 00:01:59,920 --> 00:02:06,990 >> Hivyo kufikiria kwa dakika kwamba mimi wana kazi kwamba mimi haja ya kufanya. 36 00:02:06,990 --> 00:02:11,970 Na Ningependa kuwa na kazi ambayo automatiska na baadhi wakala programu. 37 00:02:11,970 --> 00:02:17,100 Fikiria kwamba mimi nina kujaribu kuweka kitabu ya ndege kutoka, hebu sema, Boston 38 00:02:17,100 --> 00:02:20,040 kwa San Francisco. 39 00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:24,230 Mimi naweza kwenda kwa njia na mimi naweza kutumia moja ya ajabu online search 40 00:02:24,230 --> 00:02:28,790 zana, ambayo ni kwenda kufanya kimsingi mchakato huo kuwa tuko 41 00:02:28,790 --> 00:02:30,030 kwenda kutembea kwa njia leo. 42 00:02:30,030 --> 00:02:34,100 Lakini kama wewe hawakuwa na kwamba chombo, ungefanya nini? 43 00:02:34,100 --> 00:02:37,570 >> Naam, unaweza kuangalia na ona na kusema, mimi nina katika Boston. 44 00:02:37,570 --> 00:02:41,520 Nini ndege zinapatikana kwangu? 45 00:02:41,520 --> 00:02:44,390 Sasa, labda nina tatu Inawezekana ndege nje ya Boston 46 00:02:44,390 --> 00:02:47,180 ambayo inafaa wakati wakati mimi haja ya kuondoka. 47 00:02:47,180 --> 00:02:48,830 Mimi naweza kuruka kwa Chicago. 48 00:02:48,830 --> 00:02:50,130 Au mimi naweza kuruka kwa Miami. 49 00:02:50,130 --> 00:02:53,340 Au mimi naweza kuruka na New York. 50 00:02:53,340 --> 00:02:56,980 Mimi naweza kisha kuangalia kutoka kila miji hiyo mmojawapo marudio 51 00:02:56,980 --> 00:03:00,650 na kufikiri kuhusu nini maeneo Mimi naweza uwezekano kufikia 52 00:03:00,650 --> 00:03:03,020 kutoka kila moja ya miji hiyo ya mtu binafsi. 53 00:03:03,020 --> 00:03:07,390 >> Hivyo labda kutoka Chicago, naweza kupata ndege ya moja kwa moja kwa San Francisco. 54 00:03:07,390 --> 00:03:09,550 Hiyo ni bora. 55 00:03:09,550 --> 00:03:12,360 Au mimi naweza kupata ndege ya Denver. 56 00:03:12,360 --> 00:03:16,970 Sasa, labda ili kukimbia kwa San Francisco ni suluhisho kamili kwa ajili yangu, 57 00:03:16,970 --> 00:03:19,530 lakini labda si. 58 00:03:19,530 --> 00:03:22,180 Labda mimi nina kuangalia kwa kitu hiyo ni kidogo nafuu 59 00:03:22,180 --> 00:03:24,920 au kidogo kidogo bora kwa ratiba yangu. 60 00:03:24,920 --> 00:03:29,197 Na ili niweze kuangalia kwa nini wengine Uwezekano inaweza kuwa huko nje. 61 00:03:29,197 --> 00:03:30,280 Ili niweze kuangalia Denver. 62 00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:33,870 Na kutoka Denver, vizuri, labda Naweza kupata ndege ya Austin. 63 00:03:33,870 --> 00:03:37,080 Na kutoka Austin, labda naweza kupata ndege ya Phoenix, na kutoka Phoenix 64 00:03:37,080 --> 00:03:40,190 kwa San Francisco. 65 00:03:40,190 --> 00:03:42,730 Sasa, mimi si kufanyika bado. 66 00:03:42,730 --> 00:03:45,640 Kwa sababu labda kuna ndege ya moja kwa moja kutoka New York 67 00:03:45,640 --> 00:03:47,850 San Francisco hiyo ni kamili kwa ajili yangu. 68 00:03:47,850 --> 00:03:53,354 Au labda kuna ndege kutoka Miami kupitia Denver hiyo ni nafuu sana. 69 00:03:53,354 --> 00:03:54,270 Hivyo mimi bado una kwenda. 70 00:03:54,270 --> 00:03:58,200 Na mimi bado una kuangalia wale wote miji kwamba mimi si kuchunguzwa bado. 71 00:03:58,200 --> 00:04:04,220 Nina kuangalia vyema yote ya uwezekano ili nipate kuwa. 72 00:04:04,220 --> 00:04:09,610 >> Hivyo kutokana na New York, labda naweza kupata ndege ya Nashville, na kutoka Nashville 73 00:04:09,610 --> 00:04:10,336 Austin. 74 00:04:10,336 --> 00:04:11,460 Na kisha Mimi najua ambapo mimi. 75 00:04:11,460 --> 00:04:14,252 Na kisha ninajua kwa Austin, naweza kuruka kwa Phoenix, na kutoka Phoenix 76 00:04:14,252 --> 00:04:14,960 kwa San Francisco. 77 00:04:14,960 --> 00:04:18,240 78 00:04:18,240 --> 00:04:22,830 Kama mimi kuruka kwanza kwa Miami, ingawa, labda naweza kupata ndege kutoka Miami 79 00:04:22,830 --> 00:04:25,080 Nashville, au kutoka Miami kwa Austin. 80 00:04:25,080 --> 00:04:27,950 81 00:04:27,950 --> 00:04:30,860 >> Na sasa nimekuwa walijaribu zote ya uwezekano. 82 00:04:30,860 --> 00:04:36,310 Nimekuwa kujengwa graph hii kwamba inaonyesha yangu yote ya njia inawezekana 83 00:04:36,310 --> 00:04:37,790 nipate kuwa na uwezo wa kuchukua. 84 00:04:37,790 --> 00:04:40,510 85 00:04:40,510 --> 00:04:43,640 Wakati sisi kuwakilisha hivi aina ya matatizo, 86 00:04:43,640 --> 00:04:47,870 sisi siyo kwenda kuiwakilisha nao waziwazi kama graph hii, 87 00:04:47,870 --> 00:04:51,590 kwa sababu hiyo graph haiwakilishi historia ya wapi tumeenda. 88 00:04:51,590 --> 00:04:55,260 Akijua kwamba mimi aliruka kutoka Phoenix kwa San Francisco 89 00:04:55,260 --> 00:05:01,690 haina kuniambia kama nimekuja kupitia Nashville, au kupitia Denver, au kupitia Miami. 90 00:05:01,690 --> 00:05:06,430 >> Hivyo ni nini la kufanya badala ni Mimi itabidi kuchukua tatizo hili huo, 91 00:05:06,430 --> 00:05:09,140 na mimi itabidi kuiwakilisha kama mti. 92 00:05:09,140 --> 00:05:14,300 Na mizizi ya mti, katika juu, mimi itabidi kuweka eneo lile nikaanza, 93 00:05:14,300 --> 00:05:16,590 Boston. 94 00:05:16,590 --> 00:05:19,310 Na kutoka Boston, mimi itabidi tuangalie wote wa maeneo iwezekanavyo 95 00:05:19,310 --> 00:05:20,380 niweze kusafiri kwenda. 96 00:05:20,380 --> 00:05:25,480 Naam, katika kesi hii, nilikuwa na tatu, Chicago, New York, na Miami. 97 00:05:25,480 --> 00:05:29,850 Na kisha mimi itabidi kuchunguza kila mmoja watoto hawa katika mti. 98 00:05:29,850 --> 00:05:32,690 >> Kutoka Chicago, nikaona kuwa nilikuwa ndege mbili. 99 00:05:32,690 --> 00:05:35,940 Mimi naweza kuruka moja kwa moja kwa San Francisco au Denver. 100 00:05:35,940 --> 00:05:37,740 Sasa San Francisco, hiyo ni lengo langu. 101 00:05:37,740 --> 00:05:39,790 Hiyo ni marudio yangu. 102 00:05:39,790 --> 00:05:42,220 Hiyo inaenda kuwa jani la mti huu. 103 00:05:42,220 --> 00:05:45,340 Hiyo ni, mimi nina kamwe kwenda mahali fulani baada ya San Francisco. 104 00:05:45,340 --> 00:05:47,850 105 00:05:47,850 --> 00:05:50,340 Kutoka Denver, ingawa, Siwezi kuruka kutoka Denver 106 00:05:50,340 --> 00:05:54,220 kwa Austin, kutoka Austin kwa Phoenix, na kutoka Phoenix kwa San Francisco. 107 00:05:54,220 --> 00:05:56,050 Na sasa tena, nimekuwa kufikiwa jani. 108 00:05:56,050 --> 00:05:59,470 109 00:05:59,470 --> 00:06:03,980 >> Mimi naweza kisha kwenda nyuma ya ujao mji kwamba mimi si kuchunguzwa kikamilifu. 110 00:06:03,980 --> 00:06:07,440 Hiyo itakuwa New York, kwenda nyuma hadi juu ya mti wangu, 111 00:06:07,440 --> 00:06:09,160 ashuke kwenda New York. 112 00:06:09,160 --> 00:06:12,700 Kutoka New York, siwezi kuruka kwa Nashville, kutoka Nashville kwa Austin, 113 00:06:12,700 --> 00:06:17,290 kutoka Austin kwa Phoenix, na kutoka Phoenix kwa San Francisco. 114 00:06:17,290 --> 00:06:20,170 Na hatimaye, mji mmoja mimi si inaonekana katika bado, Miami. 115 00:06:20,170 --> 00:06:24,600 >> Naam, kutoka Miami nilivyosema nilikuwa wawili uwezekano, Nashville au Austin. 116 00:06:24,600 --> 00:06:28,810 Kama mimi kuruka kwa Nashville, vizuri basi mimi kuruka kutoka Nashville, kwa Austin, kwa Phoenix, 117 00:06:28,810 --> 00:06:29,640 kwa San Francisco. 118 00:06:29,640 --> 00:06:33,600 Kama mimi kuruka kwa Austin, mimi kuruka Austin, Phoenix, kwa San Francisco. 119 00:06:33,600 --> 00:06:36,340 Na sasa nina mti. 120 00:06:36,340 --> 00:06:37,230 Ni mti kamili. 121 00:06:37,230 --> 00:06:41,890 Ni wote wa uwezekano na wote wa njia ambayo ningeweza kuchukua. 122 00:06:41,890 --> 00:06:44,310 Hiyo ni, kama mimi kuanza saa mizizi ya mti juu 123 00:06:44,310 --> 00:06:47,860 na mimi kwenda chini kwa moja ya majani, ni inaniambia si tu 124 00:06:47,860 --> 00:06:50,480 ambapo mimi nina kwenda kwa kuishia, San Francisco, 125 00:06:50,480 --> 00:06:53,670 lakini anasema mimi kwamba njia Mimi haja ya kuchukua ya kufika huko. 126 00:06:53,670 --> 00:06:56,400 127 00:06:56,400 --> 00:06:59,690 >> Sasa, yupi kati ya hawa ni bora? 128 00:06:59,690 --> 00:07:02,430 Naam, chochote kuhusu hili Tatizo bado anasema mimi 129 00:07:02,430 --> 00:07:04,710 yupi kati ya hao ni ufumbuzi bora. 130 00:07:04,710 --> 00:07:09,270 Labda mimi huduma zaidi kuhusu muda kiasi gani mimi niko katika hewa, 131 00:07:09,270 --> 00:07:12,350 au umbali kwamba mimi nina kuruka. 132 00:07:12,350 --> 00:07:16,410 Katika kesi hiyo, Chicago kwa San Francisco inaweza kuwa idadi fupi 133 00:07:16,410 --> 00:07:18,910 ya maili hewani. 134 00:07:18,910 --> 00:07:20,860 >> Labda mimi huduma kuhusu gharama. 135 00:07:20,860 --> 00:07:23,680 Na sisi wote tunajua ndege ya moja kwa moja ni kawaida ghali zaidi. 136 00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:26,610 Hivyo labda kama mimi kuchukua hii aina ya njia ya nyuma 137 00:07:26,610 --> 00:07:30,650 kupitia Miami, Nashville, Austin, Phoenix, labda kisha 138 00:07:30,650 --> 00:07:34,070 Mimi kupata bei ya chini. 139 00:07:34,070 --> 00:07:36,440 Lakini mimi naweza kuongeza juu ya yoyote vigezo kwamba mimi huduma ya juu. 140 00:07:36,440 --> 00:07:39,790 Ambao got bora katika ndege ambayo Wi-Fi, au 141 00:07:39,790 --> 00:07:43,110 viwanja vya ndege na chakula bora zaidi. 142 00:07:43,110 --> 00:07:47,280 Na kila moja ya hizo nguvu nipe suluhisho tofauti 143 00:07:47,280 --> 00:07:49,215 kwamba mimi kuona kama kuwa bora. 144 00:07:49,215 --> 00:07:51,990 145 00:07:51,990 --> 00:07:54,400 >> Hizi ni aina ya matatizo, ambapo tunakwenda 146 00:07:54,400 --> 00:07:58,480 kujenga nje mti huu wa uwezekano, na kisha 147 00:07:58,480 --> 00:08:02,100 kuangalia kila ya wale njia ya mtu binafsi, na kuchunguza 148 00:08:02,100 --> 00:08:05,270 yupi kati ya wale anatimiza vigezo kwa ajili yetu, 149 00:08:05,270 --> 00:08:08,790 sisi ni kwenda kuwaita la matatizo hayo. 150 00:08:08,790 --> 00:08:11,280 Na tuna kura ya algorithms, baadhi ya ambayo 151 00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:15,270 tumeona tayari, ili waende na kuchunguza miti hiyo. 152 00:08:15,270 --> 00:08:19,270 Tunaweza kufanya hivyo kwa njia ambayo mimi tu alifanya, kina-kwanza utafutaji, 153 00:08:19,270 --> 00:08:22,900 kwenda chini mbali kama tunaweza hata sisi kugonga jani, na kisha kuja nyuma juu, 154 00:08:22,900 --> 00:08:24,787 na kwenda kulia nyuma chini. 155 00:08:24,787 --> 00:08:26,870 Au tunaweza kufanya nini aitwaye upana-kwanza la. 156 00:08:26,870 --> 00:08:29,675 Tunaweza kupanua kila kitu juu, na kisha 157 00:08:29,675 --> 00:08:31,550 kila kitu mstari mmoja chini ya hapo, na kisha 158 00:08:31,550 --> 00:08:35,240 kila kitu mstari mmoja chini ya kwamba. 159 00:08:35,240 --> 00:08:41,250 Miti hiyo la ndiyo msingi mkuu ai. 160 00:08:41,250 --> 00:08:46,570 Lakini hawana kabisa kupata ni sahihi wakati wote. 161 00:08:46,570 --> 00:08:51,600 Kwa kweli, katika mengi ya matukio kwamba sisi kweli huduma ya juu, 162 00:08:51,600 --> 00:08:54,430 tunataka kujenga mti, lakini sisi si kweli 163 00:08:54,430 --> 00:08:57,140 kupata kufanya yote ya maamuzi. 164 00:08:57,140 --> 00:09:00,940 >> Hizi ni hali inayoitwa la ushindani, pia inajulikana 165 00:09:00,940 --> 00:09:05,390 kama jinsi ya kuandika mchezo kucheza mifumo na kulipwa kwa ajili yake. 166 00:09:05,390 --> 00:09:07,940 Lakini hizi ni aina mifumo ambapo mimi 167 00:09:07,940 --> 00:09:12,920 inaweza kupata kuchagua wakati mimi kwenda kutoka Boston, ambayo mji mimi kwenda ijayo. 168 00:09:12,920 --> 00:09:19,990 Lakini baada ya hapo, mtu mwingine anaweza kupata kufanya uamuzi kuhusu ambapo mimi kuruka. 169 00:09:19,990 --> 00:09:24,040 Hivyo kujenga hizi miundo aina, tuko 170 00:09:24,040 --> 00:09:28,510 kwenda na kuchukua kidogo mbinu mbalimbali kwa hilo. 171 00:09:28,510 --> 00:09:31,060 Sisi siyo kwenda kuwa na uwezo wa tu kutafuta njia ya mti 172 00:09:31,060 --> 00:09:35,000 tena, kwa sababu sisi siyo moja kwamba ni katika kudhibiti 173 00:09:35,000 --> 00:09:38,180 ya kila moja ya mambo hayo maamuzi. 174 00:09:38,180 --> 00:09:42,590 >> Basi hebu fikiria rahisi mchezo kama tic-TAC-toe. 175 00:09:42,590 --> 00:09:46,730 Mimi naweza kuanza na tupu kabisa bodi. 176 00:09:46,730 --> 00:09:49,580 Na katika tic-TAC-toe, X anapata kucheza kwanza. 177 00:09:49,580 --> 00:09:53,890 Na hivyo mimi naweza kufikiria kuhusu yote hatua iwezekanavyo kwamba X inaweza kufanya. 178 00:09:53,890 --> 00:09:57,420 Na kama mimi nina kucheza moja X, hiyo ni kubwa. 179 00:09:57,420 --> 00:10:01,020 Nina tisa iwezekanavyo hatua kwamba siwezi kufanya. 180 00:10:01,020 --> 00:10:05,000 Mimi naweza kuweka X katika moja yoyote ya nafasi hizo tisa. 181 00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:10,710 >> Na kisha kutoka kila moja ya hizo, mimi anaweza kufikiria nini kinatokea ijayo. 182 00:10:10,710 --> 00:10:14,130 Naam, katika kesi hii, wengine mchezaji bila kupata kuchukua zamu. 183 00:10:14,130 --> 00:10:15,660 O bila kupata kuchukua zamu. 184 00:10:15,660 --> 00:10:19,510 Na kutoka kila moja ya hizo, pale itakuwa maeneo nane tofauti 185 00:10:19,510 --> 00:10:22,980 kuwa O kuweza kuweka alama zao. 186 00:10:22,980 --> 00:10:25,790 >> Hebu sema niliamua kwamba mimi ni kwenda kuweka X katika kituo hicho. 187 00:10:25,790 --> 00:10:28,810 Hiyo siku zote inaonekana kama nzuri ya ufunguzi hoja. 188 00:10:28,810 --> 00:10:34,870 Mimi naweza kuangalia chini kwamba, hatua iwezekanavyo nane kwamba O hufanya. 189 00:10:34,870 --> 00:10:37,320 Sasa, kama mimi nina kucheza X, hiyo ni ajabu. 190 00:10:37,320 --> 00:10:41,740 Mimi kupata kuchagua moja mimi kwenda, moja katikati. 191 00:10:41,740 --> 00:10:45,000 Lakini sasa O anapata kuchagua. 192 00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:48,750 Na sina kudhibiti juu ya uamuzi huo. 193 00:10:48,750 --> 00:10:51,670 >> Lakini kutokana na kila moja ya hizo Inawezekana bodi vyeo, 194 00:10:51,670 --> 00:10:54,020 kuna kisha mwingine kuweka ya uwezekano. 195 00:10:54,020 --> 00:10:56,700 Linapokuja suala la kuwa na My kurejea tena, napenda 196 00:10:56,700 --> 00:11:01,500 kupata kuchukua na kusema, vizuri, kama O hatua ya ndani, vizuri, 197 00:11:01,500 --> 00:11:06,110 doa katikati upande wa kushoto, kisha Nina seti ya uwezekano 198 00:11:06,110 --> 00:11:09,740 ambapo naweza kuchukua hatua yangu ijayo. 199 00:11:09,740 --> 00:11:14,140 Kutoka kwa wale, mimi naweza kufikiria yote ya Uwezekano chini yao. 200 00:11:14,140 --> 00:11:18,030 Na kisha O bila kupata kuchagua kati ya hizo. 201 00:11:18,030 --> 00:11:22,290 >> Na mimi naweza kuweka kujenga hii mti nje mpaka mimi got kwa uhakika 202 00:11:22,290 --> 00:11:26,960 ambapo ama mtu mafanikio game-- hiyo ni 203 00:11:26,960 --> 00:11:31,070 got kuchukuliwa jani node-- au bodi ni kamili kabisa 204 00:11:31,070 --> 00:11:32,704 na hakuna mtu ameshinda. 205 00:11:32,704 --> 00:11:34,370 Na kwamba pia kwenda kuwa jani nodi. 206 00:11:34,370 --> 00:11:35,411 Hiyo inaenda kuwa tie. 207 00:11:35,411 --> 00:11:37,820 208 00:11:37,820 --> 00:11:41,680 >> Lakini jambo gumu na hili ni kama hii walikuwa tu la kawaida 209 00:11:41,680 --> 00:11:44,269 tatizo, Ningependa kuwa na uwezo wa kusema, vizuri, X anatakiwa kwenda hapa. 210 00:11:44,269 --> 00:11:45,560 Na O anatakiwa kwenda njia zaidi ya hapo. 211 00:11:45,560 --> 00:11:46,770 Na kisha X anatakiwa kwenda zaidi ya hapa. 212 00:11:46,770 --> 00:11:48,269 Na kisha O anatakiwa kwenda njia zaidi ya hapo. 213 00:11:48,269 --> 00:11:51,860 Na kisha X wanaweza kupata tatu mfululizo, na mimi kushinda. 214 00:11:51,860 --> 00:11:54,870 Na mchezo itakuwa juu katika hatua tano, tatu kwa ajili yangu, 215 00:11:54,870 --> 00:11:57,710 mbili kwa mpinzani wangu. 216 00:11:57,710 --> 00:12:01,300 Lakini mimi si daima kupata kuchagua jambo hilo. 217 00:12:01,300 --> 00:12:03,720 >> Hivyo badala, nini tuko kwenda na kufanya 218 00:12:03,720 --> 00:12:06,270 ni tunakwenda na kuwa na mkakati mpya. 219 00:12:06,270 --> 00:12:09,350 Na mkakati kwamba mchezo-kucheza algorithms mara nyingi kutumia 220 00:12:09,350 --> 00:12:12,000 ni kile kinachoitwa Minimax. 221 00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:15,500 Wazo kuu la Minimax ni kwamba tuko 222 00:12:15,500 --> 00:12:21,365 kwenda kuchukua hatua ambayo inatoa mpinzani wetu mbaya inawezekana kuweka 223 00:12:21,365 --> 00:12:22,790 ya hatua waweze kufanya. 224 00:12:22,790 --> 00:12:25,570 225 00:12:25,570 --> 00:12:28,870 Haina kufanya mimi jambo jema kuchagua hoja ambapo 226 00:12:28,870 --> 00:12:31,952 Nipate kuwa na uwezo wa kushinda baada kwamba, kwa sababu mpinzani wangu si 227 00:12:31,952 --> 00:12:33,160 kwenda nipe nafasi hiyo. 228 00:12:33,160 --> 00:12:37,770 Wao wanaenda kuchagua baadhi matokeo ya kutisha kwa ajili yangu. 229 00:12:37,770 --> 00:12:42,010 Hivyo nina kwenda kufanya hoja kwamba vikosi mpinzani wangu 230 00:12:42,010 --> 00:12:45,760 kufanya kitu bora kwa ajili yangu. 231 00:12:45,760 --> 00:12:46,260 Sawa. 232 00:12:46,260 --> 00:12:48,410 Hebu angalia jinsi kwamba ina nje. 233 00:12:48,410 --> 00:12:51,640 Hivyo hapa ni kompyuta yetu katika pseudocode. 234 00:12:51,640 --> 00:12:54,450 Tunakwenda kuzalisha nzima mchezo mti. 235 00:12:54,450 --> 00:12:56,757 Sisi ni kwenda kujenga mfumo mzima. 236 00:12:56,757 --> 00:12:57,840 Na kisha tutaweza kwenda kupitia. 237 00:12:57,840 --> 00:13:02,100 Na chini sana katika kila moja ya nodes wastaafu, katika kila moja ya majani, 238 00:13:02,100 --> 00:13:07,850 tutaweza kutathmini jinsi thamani ni kwamba mimi? 239 00:13:07,850 --> 00:13:11,690 Na tunakwenda thamani mambo ambayo ni nzuri kwa ajili yangu kama kuwa chanya. 240 00:13:11,690 --> 00:13:14,460 Mambo ambayo si nzuri kwa ajili yangu itakuwa chini chanya, au sifuri, 241 00:13:14,460 --> 00:13:16,480 au hata hasi. 242 00:13:16,480 --> 00:13:19,240 >> Hivyo katika tic-TAC-toe, labda ushindi kwa ajili yangu ni nzuri. 243 00:13:19,240 --> 00:13:20,290 Hiyo ni moja. 244 00:13:20,290 --> 00:13:22,400 Na tai ni sifuri. 245 00:13:22,400 --> 00:13:26,230 Na kitu ambacho ni hasara kwa yangu, labda hiyo ni moja hasi. 246 00:13:26,230 --> 00:13:29,620 Mambo ambayo yote ni kwamba bora ni kwa ajili yangu, juu ya alama 247 00:13:29,620 --> 00:13:32,160 inayopata. 248 00:13:32,160 --> 00:13:36,690 Kutoka uwezekano wale walio katika chini, basi tutaweza kuchuja zaidi. 249 00:13:36,690 --> 00:13:40,650 Na wakati ni nafasi yangu ya kuchagua miongoni mwa seti ya njia mbadala, 250 00:13:40,650 --> 00:13:44,460 Mimi itabidi kuchagua moja kwamba ni got alama ya juu. 251 00:13:44,460 --> 00:13:47,200 >> Na wakati wowote ni yangu wapinzani kurejea kwa kuchagua, 252 00:13:47,200 --> 00:13:52,350 Mimi itabidi kudhani kuwa wao wanaenda kuchagua moja kwa alama ya chini. 253 00:13:52,350 --> 00:13:56,090 Na kama mimi kufanya hivyo njia yote hadi juu ya mti, 254 00:13:56,090 --> 00:14:03,150 Mimi itabidi wamechagua njia kwamba anatoa mimi matokeo bora kwamba naweza kupata, 255 00:14:03,150 --> 00:14:09,110 kuchukua kwamba mpinzani wangu inafanya kila hatua ya haki. 256 00:14:09,110 --> 00:14:11,940 >> Haki wote, hivyo hebu angalia hii katika hatua ya kwanza. 257 00:14:11,940 --> 00:14:14,980 Na kisha tutaweza kweli tuangalie kificho kwa hilo. 258 00:14:14,980 --> 00:14:16,780 Hivyo kufikiria nina mti huu mkubwa. 259 00:14:16,780 --> 00:14:18,280 Na sasa mimi nina si kucheza tic-TAC-toe. 260 00:14:18,280 --> 00:14:20,405 Nilitaka kukupa kitu kidogo tajiri. 261 00:14:20,405 --> 00:14:23,560 Hivyo mimi nimepata baadhi ya mchezo ambapo kuna alama nyingi tofauti 262 00:14:23,560 --> 00:14:26,390 niweze kuwa mwishoni. 263 00:14:26,390 --> 00:14:27,980 Na hivyo mimi kujenga mti huu umekamilika. 264 00:14:27,980 --> 00:14:29,070 Na mimi kupata hoja ya kwanza. 265 00:14:29,070 --> 00:14:31,290 Mimi nina mizizi ya mti. 266 00:14:31,290 --> 00:14:36,150 >> Na mimi kupata kuchagua that-- hivyo mimi kupata kuongeza hela kwamba nodi kwanza. 267 00:14:36,150 --> 00:14:38,410 Na kisha mpinzani wangu anapata kwenda. 268 00:14:38,410 --> 00:14:41,910 Na kisha mimi kupata kwenda kwa mara nyingine. 269 00:14:41,910 --> 00:14:46,830 Hivyo chini chini, mimi kuwa na seti ya uwezekano kwamba naweza kuchagua kutoka, 270 00:14:46,830 --> 00:14:50,570 mataifa tofauti ya wastaafu wa mchezo. 271 00:14:50,570 --> 00:14:54,980 Kama mimi nina chini kwa kuwa mbali mkono wa kushoto kona, 272 00:14:54,980 --> 00:14:58,867 na mimi kuona kwamba mimi nimepata uchaguzi kati ya nane, saba, na mbili, 273 00:14:58,867 --> 00:15:00,450 vizuri, mimi nina moja kwamba anapata kuchagua. 274 00:15:00,450 --> 00:15:02,910 Hivyo nina kwenda kwa kuchagua bora mmoja wa wale. 275 00:15:02,910 --> 00:15:05,650 Mimi nina kwenda kuchagua nane. 276 00:15:05,650 --> 00:15:10,090 >> Hivyo najua kwamba kama mimi milele kupata chini ya hatua hiyo, 277 00:15:10,090 --> 00:15:13,890 Mimi utakuwa na uwezo wa kupata kwamba pointi nane. 278 00:15:13,890 --> 00:15:17,410 Kama mimi kuishia katika hatua ijayo juu, nodi ijayo juu, 279 00:15:17,410 --> 00:15:20,760 tisa, moja, au sita, vizuri, mimi nina kwenda kuchagua bora ya hizo. 280 00:15:20,760 --> 00:15:21,950 Mimi itabidi kuchagua tisa. 281 00:15:21,950 --> 00:15:24,880 Kama mimi na uchaguzi kati mbili, na nne, na moja, 282 00:15:24,880 --> 00:15:28,240 Mimi itabidi kuchagua nne, ya juu. 283 00:15:28,240 --> 00:15:31,990 >> Sasa, kama mimi kuangalia kiwango cha juu kwamba, mpinzani wangu 284 00:15:31,990 --> 00:15:34,440 ni moja anapata kufanya uchaguzi. 285 00:15:34,440 --> 00:15:37,040 Hivyo mpinzani wangu anapata kuchagua, mimi nataka kumpa 286 00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:39,250 Jambo kwamba itakuja kupata naye pointi nane, 287 00:15:39,250 --> 00:15:41,916 au Je, mimi kumpa kitu hiyo ni kwenda kumpa pointi tisa, 288 00:15:41,916 --> 00:15:45,240 au kitu ambacho kinaendelea kumpa pointi nne? 289 00:15:45,240 --> 00:15:49,130 Na mpinzani wangu, kuwa busara, ni kwenda 290 00:15:49,130 --> 00:15:53,470 kuchagua kima cha chini cha hizo, ni kwenda kuchagua minne. 291 00:15:53,470 --> 00:15:56,020 >> Na siwezi kufanya hivyo kupitia mti mzima. 292 00:15:56,020 --> 00:15:59,110 Siwezi kwenda chini kwa kuwa katikati ya seti ya tatu. 293 00:15:59,110 --> 00:16:01,517 Na siwezi kuchagua kati moja, tatu, na tano. 294 00:16:01,517 --> 00:16:02,350 Na mimi kupata kuchagua. 295 00:16:02,350 --> 00:16:03,810 Hivyo mimi kuchagua tano. 296 00:16:03,810 --> 00:16:05,340 Naweza kuchagua tatu, tisa, moja au mbili. 297 00:16:05,340 --> 00:16:07,570 Mimi kupata kuchagua, hivyo mimi kuchagua tisa. 298 00:16:07,570 --> 00:16:09,290 Sita, tano, moja au mbili, mimi kuchagua. 299 00:16:09,290 --> 00:16:11,539 Mimi kupata kuchagua sita. 300 00:16:11,539 --> 00:16:13,080 Kiwango cha juu kwamba, ambaye anapata kuchagua? 301 00:16:13,080 --> 00:16:16,280 302 00:16:16,280 --> 00:16:18,140 Ambaye anapata kuchagua? 303 00:16:18,140 --> 00:16:20,000 Guy nyingine, mpinzani wangu. 304 00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:22,583 Basi kuchagua tano, tisa, au sita, ambayo moja? 305 00:16:22,583 --> 00:16:23,410 >> Watazamaji: tano. 306 00:16:23,410 --> 00:16:25,250 >> SPIKA: Wao kuchagua tano. 307 00:16:25,250 --> 00:16:27,400 Wao kupata kuchagua kima cha chini. 308 00:16:27,400 --> 00:16:29,690 Na kisha moja iliyopita, kuchagua moja, mbili, au tatu. 309 00:16:29,690 --> 00:16:31,720 Mimi kupata kuchagua, hivyo mimi kuchagua tatu. 310 00:16:31,720 --> 00:16:34,370 Tisa, saba, moja au mbili, mimi kuchagua tisa. 311 00:16:34,370 --> 00:16:37,070 Na 11, sita, au nne, mimi kuchagua 11. 312 00:16:37,070 --> 00:16:41,190 Mpinzani wangu kisha akiamua tatu, tisa, au 11, akiamua kiwango cha chini. 313 00:16:41,190 --> 00:16:43,290 Yeye anitiaye tatu. 314 00:16:43,290 --> 00:16:47,780 Na kisha hatimaye juu ya mti, mimi kupata kuchagua tena. 315 00:16:47,780 --> 00:16:51,190 Na mimi kupata kuchagua kati ya nne, tano, au tatu. 316 00:16:51,190 --> 00:16:52,270 Hivyo mimi kuchukua tano. 317 00:16:52,270 --> 00:16:55,070 318 00:16:55,070 --> 00:17:00,891 >> Kama mimi got kudhibiti kila kitu, I d kuchukua njia ambayo imesababisha 11. 319 00:17:00,891 --> 00:17:02,390 Lakini mimi si kupata kufanya uchaguzi. 320 00:17:02,390 --> 00:17:04,220 Kama mimi kwenda chini njia hiyo. 321 00:17:04,220 --> 00:17:10,710 Mpinzani wangu itakuwa nguvu yangu ndani uchaguzi ambayo inaongoza kwa tatu. 322 00:17:10,710 --> 00:17:14,530 Hivyo bora ambayo siwezi kufanya ni kuchukua kwamba tawi katikati, 323 00:17:14,530 --> 00:17:19,859 kufanya uchaguzi kwamba ni hatimaye kwenda risasi mimi pointi tano. 324 00:17:19,859 --> 00:17:23,230 Hiyo ni nini Minimax gani. 325 00:17:23,230 --> 00:17:23,807 >> Sawa. 326 00:17:23,807 --> 00:17:24,890 Hebu tuangalie wakati huo. 327 00:17:24,890 --> 00:17:27,480 328 00:17:27,480 --> 00:17:32,330 Hivyo hapa katika CS50 IDE ni mpango kwamba 329 00:17:32,330 --> 00:17:36,540 kutekeleza Minimax ya kucheza tic-TAC-toe. 330 00:17:36,540 --> 00:17:40,100 Sisi ni kwenda kujenga up uwakilishi. 331 00:17:40,100 --> 00:17:44,390 Tunakwenda kuwa na mbili opponent-- au wachezaji wawili, kompyuta yetu 332 00:17:44,390 --> 00:17:46,090 mchezaji na mchezaji binadamu. 333 00:17:46,090 --> 00:17:48,980 334 00:17:48,980 --> 00:17:53,090 Mchezaji namba moja watakuwa wanacheza O. Kwamba utakuwa mashine mchezaji. 335 00:17:53,090 --> 00:17:55,747 Wao kupata hoja ya pili. 336 00:17:55,747 --> 00:17:57,830 Na mchezaji mwingine, yetu mchezaji binadamu, itakuwa X. 337 00:17:57,830 --> 00:17:59,880 >> Na kufanya maisha yangu a rahisi kidogo, mimi nina kwenda 338 00:17:59,880 --> 00:18:03,060 studio kwamba mchezaji hasi moja. 339 00:18:03,060 --> 00:18:05,026 Hivyo siwezi tu kuzidisha na hasi moja wabadilishane 340 00:18:05,026 --> 00:18:06,400 kati ya mchezaji mmoja na mwingine. 341 00:18:06,400 --> 00:18:09,030 342 00:18:09,030 --> 00:18:12,250 Haki wote, hivyo hebu tuangalie nini sisi ni kweli kwenda kufanya. 343 00:18:12,250 --> 00:18:15,840 Tunakwenda kufafanua bodi yetu. 344 00:18:15,840 --> 00:18:19,060 Ni kwenda kuwa, vizuri, tunakwenda kwa kuruhusu kuwa tatu na tatu, 345 00:18:19,060 --> 00:18:21,580 au tunaweza hata kucheza tano na tano au saba 346 00:18:21,580 --> 00:18:28,870 na saba tic-TAC-toe kama wewe d kama, kulingana na baadhi mwelekeo D. 347 00:18:28,870 --> 00:18:31,260 >> Na tutaweza kuwa wanandoa wa majukumu msaidizi 348 00:18:31,260 --> 00:18:34,360 kwamba itabidi kufanya mambo kama initialize screen-- au pole, 349 00:18:34,360 --> 00:18:38,900 initialize vigezo yetu, wazi screen, kuchora bodi kwenye screen, 350 00:18:38,900 --> 00:18:41,060 moja kwamba hundi bodi kuona kama au si 351 00:18:41,060 --> 00:18:44,520 kuna mshindi, moja ambayo parses njia ya mstari amri, 352 00:18:44,520 --> 00:18:50,670 tu kusaidia nje, moja kwamba anasoma katika pembejeo, na kazi na mtu mmoja aitwaye Minimax. 353 00:18:50,670 --> 00:18:52,746 Na hiyo ndiyo moja tutaweza huduma zaidi kuhusu. 354 00:18:52,746 --> 00:18:54,120 Lakini hebu kuangalia kwanza kuu. 355 00:18:54,120 --> 00:18:57,490 356 00:18:57,490 --> 00:18:58,510 >> Tufanye nini? 357 00:18:58,510 --> 00:19:00,570 Naam, tunakwenda Hazrat mstari amri yetu, 358 00:19:00,570 --> 00:19:04,300 tu kusoma katika na kuona nini mwelekeo wa bodi tunatarajia kuwa. 359 00:19:04,300 --> 00:19:07,330 Tutaweza initialize bodi yetu. 360 00:19:07,330 --> 00:19:10,360 Na kisha tutaweza kuingia moja kubwa porini kitanzi, kurudia 361 00:19:10,360 --> 00:19:16,630 kukubali hatua mpaka mchezo ni alishinda, au kuna hatua hakuna kushoto. 362 00:19:16,630 --> 00:19:20,560 Kila wakati sisi kwenda kwa njia ya kwamba kitanzi, tutaweza wazi screen. 363 00:19:20,560 --> 00:19:23,290 Tutaweza kuteka bodi kwenye screen. 364 00:19:23,290 --> 00:19:28,750 Na sisi ni kwa makusudi aina ya abstracting hizi mbali kama subroutines, 365 00:19:28,750 --> 00:19:32,030 ili hatuna na wasiwasi sana juu ya maelezo ya jinsi wao kutokea. 366 00:19:32,030 --> 00:19:33,480 >> Itabidi kificho baadaye leo. 367 00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:37,970 Na kama unataka kuangalia njia na kujua, unaweza kuona yao yote. 368 00:19:37,970 --> 00:19:39,890 Lakini tutaweza kuteka bodi kwenye screen. 369 00:19:39,890 --> 00:19:43,620 Na kisha tutaweza kuangalia na kuona, tuna mshindi? 370 00:19:43,620 --> 00:19:46,290 Ina mtu alishinda mchezo huu? 371 00:19:46,290 --> 00:19:49,260 Kama wana, tutaweza magazeti ujumbe ushindi. 372 00:19:49,260 --> 00:19:51,680 Na tutaweza kumaliza mchezo. 373 00:19:51,680 --> 00:19:54,510 >> Tutaweza pia kuangalia na kuona kama kuna kufunga. 374 00:19:54,510 --> 00:19:56,620 Ni utakuwa rahisi kuona kama kuna kufunga. 375 00:19:56,620 --> 00:20:00,700 Ina maana kwamba nafasi zote zimejaa, lakini hakujawa na mshindi bado. 376 00:20:00,700 --> 00:20:03,580 Tunaweza kutangaza kufunga na kufanyika. 377 00:20:03,580 --> 00:20:10,530 Kisha meat-- halisi kama ni mashine mchezaji, 378 00:20:10,530 --> 00:20:14,120 tutaweza kuruhusu kuwa mashine mchezaji wa kutafuta 379 00:20:14,120 --> 00:20:19,500 kupitia kwa kutumia hii algorithm Minimax, kupata hoja bora kuwa wanaweza. 380 00:20:19,500 --> 00:20:22,310 Na kisha tutaweza kuweka kwamba hoja juu. 381 00:20:22,310 --> 00:20:27,640 >> Vinginevyo, kama ni mchezaji binadamu, tutaweza kusoma baadhi ya pembejeo kutoka kwa binadamu. 382 00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:30,800 Na kisha kama ni binadamu mchezaji au mashine mchezaji, 383 00:20:30,800 --> 00:20:32,800 tutaweza kufanya wanandoa kidogo vipande vya kuangalia makosa, 384 00:20:32,800 --> 00:20:36,910 kuhakikisha anakaa ndani ya mipaka ya vipimo halisi ya bodi 385 00:20:36,910 --> 00:20:40,040 kwamba tuna, kuhakikisha kwamba nafasi hiyo ni tupu, 386 00:20:40,040 --> 00:20:43,570 kwamba hakuna mtu kuweka a kipande katika huko tayari. 387 00:20:43,570 --> 00:20:45,810 Na kisha tutaweza kuweka tu kipande kwenye bodi, 388 00:20:45,810 --> 00:20:51,550 mabadiliko mchezaji safu ya pili, na increment wangapi hatua kuwa kilichotokea. 389 00:20:51,550 --> 00:20:54,090 >> Hiyo ni kitanzi kuu kwa yetu tic-TAC-toe mchezo. 390 00:20:54,090 --> 00:20:57,000 391 00:20:57,000 --> 00:21:02,340 Minimax, basi, ni nini hasa algorithm kwamba sisi kabla. 392 00:21:02,340 --> 00:21:04,710 Marekebisho tu kwamba tumekuwa alifanya ili tuweze 393 00:21:04,710 --> 00:21:07,290 wanaweza kucheza juu bodi ya pande ni tumekuwa 394 00:21:07,290 --> 00:21:11,070 agizo parameter hii ya ziada aitwaye kina. 395 00:21:11,070 --> 00:21:14,870 Na kina tu anasema, kama mimi nina kutafuta kushuka kwa mti 396 00:21:14,870 --> 00:21:19,022 na mimi kupata hadi sasa chini zaidi ya baadhi ya kina cha 397 00:21:19,022 --> 00:21:20,730 kwamba mimi tu hawataki kwenda yoyote zaidi, 398 00:21:20,730 --> 00:21:25,630 Mimi nina kwenda kuacha na tu kutathmini bodi katika hatua hiyo. 399 00:21:25,630 --> 00:21:27,310 Mimi itabidi kuangalia na kuona kama kuna mshindi. 400 00:21:27,310 --> 00:21:29,240 Kama kuna mshindi, mimi kurudi kwao. 401 00:21:29,240 --> 00:21:31,720 Vinginevyo, nitakwenda kwa njia ya kitanzi. 402 00:21:31,720 --> 00:21:34,380 Na mimi itabidi kusema, kwa wote wa maeneo iwezekanavyo 403 00:21:34,380 --> 00:21:38,080 kwamba mimi naweza uwezekano kuchukua kama hoja yangu, mimi itabidi 404 00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:43,760 kujenga bodi kubuni kwamba pamoja na hoja yangu juu ya bodi hiyo, 405 00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:45,960 na kisha recursively wito Minimax. 406 00:21:45,960 --> 00:21:49,360 407 00:21:49,360 --> 00:21:53,900 >> Kama ni hoja yangu, mimi kupata kupata moja kwamba got alama kubwa. 408 00:21:53,900 --> 00:21:58,710 Kama ni hoja mpinzani wangu, tunaona moja kwamba got alama chini. 409 00:21:58,710 --> 00:22:02,240 Na kila kitu kingine ni utunzaji wa kumbukumbu tu. 410 00:22:02,240 --> 00:22:04,789 Haki wote, hivyo hebu angalia kukimbia hii. 411 00:22:04,789 --> 00:22:06,830 Kwa kweli, labda tunaweza kupata michache ya kujitolea 412 00:22:06,830 --> 00:22:09,930 kuja na kucheza tic-TAC-toe. 413 00:22:09,930 --> 00:22:12,780 [Inaudible] moja, na moja zaidi, wawili, papo hapo. 414 00:22:12,780 --> 00:22:13,550 Kuja juu juu. 415 00:22:13,550 --> 00:22:19,290 416 00:22:19,290 --> 00:22:23,650 >> Basi hebu kwenda mbele na kuanzisha upya hii kabisa. 417 00:22:23,650 --> 00:22:24,150 Kwa hiyo, hi. 418 00:22:24,150 --> 00:22:24,920 >> Watazamaji: Hi. 419 00:22:24,920 --> 00:22:25,420 >> SPIKA: Nini jina lako? 420 00:22:25,420 --> 00:22:26,086 >> Watazamaji: Gorav. 421 00:22:26,086 --> 00:22:26,840 SPIKA: Gorav. 422 00:22:26,840 --> 00:22:27,800 >> Watazamaji: mimi nina Layla. 423 00:22:27,800 --> 00:22:29,490 >> SPIKA: Na Layla, na Layla, pole. 424 00:22:29,490 --> 00:22:30,384 Kuja juu juu. 425 00:22:30,384 --> 00:22:32,050 Gorav, tunakwenda na kwenda kwanza. 426 00:22:32,050 --> 00:22:37,710 Na mimi nina kwenda kuuliza kuwa si sana nzuri tic-TAC-toe mchezaji. 427 00:22:37,710 --> 00:22:40,130 OK, hivyo shinikizo zote ni mbali juu yenu. 428 00:22:40,130 --> 00:22:44,660 Hebu angalia, ingawa, kwamba mashine yetu mchezaji anaweza kweli kufanya kitu smart. 429 00:22:44,660 --> 00:22:45,310 Hivyo kwenda mbele. 430 00:22:45,310 --> 00:22:49,830 Wewe ni kwenda aina katika ambayo kuratibu ungependa kuweka X yako katika. 431 00:22:49,830 --> 00:22:55,170 A0, sawa, na mashine yamepita mara moja na kuweka alama yake katika A1. 432 00:22:55,170 --> 00:22:56,640 >> Kuweka O kwenye ubao. 433 00:22:56,640 --> 00:22:58,970 Haki zote, sasa kwenda mbele. 434 00:22:58,970 --> 00:23:00,193 Ambapo ungependa kwenda? 435 00:23:00,193 --> 00:23:03,510 436 00:23:03,510 --> 00:23:05,090 C2. 437 00:23:05,090 --> 00:23:08,430 Mashine mchezaji wetu imechukua mraba katikati, imefungwa wewe. 438 00:23:08,430 --> 00:23:10,320 Ili kwamba ilikuwa nzuri, Jambo smart kwa ajili yake kufanya. 439 00:23:10,320 --> 00:23:13,430 440 00:23:13,430 --> 00:23:14,250 Umemzuia yake. 441 00:23:14,250 --> 00:23:15,210 Hiyo ni bora. 442 00:23:15,210 --> 00:23:16,390 Inachukua kona huko. 443 00:23:16,390 --> 00:23:23,890 444 00:23:23,890 --> 00:23:30,430 >> Na itakuja kwa nguvu wewe kuchukua moja ya nafasi ya mwisho, B0. 445 00:23:30,430 --> 00:23:32,220 Na mchezo wa mwisho katika kufunga. 446 00:23:32,220 --> 00:23:35,030 Lakini alicheza busara mchezo dhidi yako, sawa? 447 00:23:35,030 --> 00:23:36,956 Haki wote, shukrani sana, Gorav. 448 00:23:36,956 --> 00:23:40,860 >> [Makofi] 449 00:23:40,860 --> 00:23:44,723 >> Haki wote, Layla, tunakwenda up mchezo juu ya wewe hapa. 450 00:23:44,723 --> 00:23:46,940 >> Watazamaji: Oh, kubwa. 451 00:23:46,940 --> 00:23:49,950 >> SPIKA: Sisi ni kwenda kutoa wewe nne na watu wanne tic-TAC-toe. 452 00:23:49,950 --> 00:23:54,760 Sasa, katika nne na nne, una kushinda na nne mfululizo, si tatu mfululizo. 453 00:23:54,760 --> 00:23:56,135 Na ni yako yote. 454 00:23:56,135 --> 00:24:02,180 455 00:24:02,180 --> 00:24:04,420 Hivyo Layla alichukua D1. 456 00:24:04,420 --> 00:24:11,730 Sisi ni sasa kwenda kufuata mchezaji wetu kompyuta hapa. 457 00:24:11,730 --> 00:24:16,910 Tatu na tatu tic-TAC-toe ni aina ya jambo kwamba ni rahisi kwa sisi sote. 458 00:24:16,910 --> 00:24:21,960 Lakini bado ni nzuri sana kuona mchezaji wa kompyuta na kufanya smart hatua. 459 00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:23,725 Nne na watu wanne anapata kuwa trickier kidogo. 460 00:24:23,725 --> 00:24:42,960 461 00:24:42,960 --> 00:24:44,230 >> Nicely kufanyika. 462 00:24:44,230 --> 00:24:46,210 Haki wote, hivyo Layla ya kumaliza mbali. 463 00:24:46,210 --> 00:24:48,270 Oh, na tunapaswa kuwa na kumalizika huko. 464 00:24:48,270 --> 00:24:51,870 Lakini hebu kufanya moja zaidi hapa. 465 00:24:51,870 --> 00:24:53,480 Hivyo Layla, asante. 466 00:24:53,480 --> 00:24:55,112 Nicely kufanyika. 467 00:24:55,112 --> 00:24:57,517 >> [Makofi] 468 00:24:57,517 --> 00:25:00,410 469 00:25:00,410 --> 00:25:04,750 >> Hivyo yetu mchezaji tic-TAC-toe huenda kupitia na hupata maeneo, 470 00:25:04,750 --> 00:25:07,040 kutatua yao kwa kutumia Minimax hii. 471 00:25:07,040 --> 00:25:08,990 Na nilikuwa kina mazingira juu ya kwamba ili 472 00:25:08,990 --> 00:25:11,010 bila kukimbia haraka sana, ambayo pengine ni kwa nini 473 00:25:11,010 --> 00:25:16,790 Layla alikuwa na uwezo wa kwenda vizuri mbele kama anafanya hivyo, na alifanya vizuri sana. 474 00:25:16,790 --> 00:25:20,450 Lakini hizi mifumo ya kwamba tu kwenda kwa njia na nguvu brute 475 00:25:20,450 --> 00:25:23,870 kwenda zaidi, na kwa kina, na kwa kina, na kushika kutafuta ufumbuzi 476 00:25:23,870 --> 00:25:29,890 kwamba wanahitaji, wale aina ya mifumo ni mafanikio kabisa katika hayo, vizuri, 477 00:25:29,890 --> 00:25:32,700 kiwango cha bodi ya michezo. 478 00:25:32,700 --> 00:25:37,060 >> Na kwa kweli, kama sisi kuangalia tatu na tatu tic-TAC-toe mchezo, 479 00:25:37,060 --> 00:25:40,040 hii ni kimsingi tatizo kutatuliwa. 480 00:25:40,040 --> 00:25:45,430 Na hii ni mchoro ajabu kutoka Randall Munroe katika XKCD, 481 00:25:45,430 --> 00:25:52,130 kuonyesha ambayo hoja unapaswa kuchukua, kutokana na hatua mpinzani wako. 482 00:25:52,130 --> 00:25:56,420 Hili ni jambo ambalo tunaweza urahisi bayana mbele. 483 00:25:56,420 --> 00:26:00,180 Lakini nini kinatokea kama sisi kupata zaidi michezo tata, michezo zaidi na nje, 484 00:26:00,180 --> 00:26:05,690 ambako kuna bodi kubwa, zaidi uwezekano, kwa undani mkakati? 485 00:26:05,690 --> 00:26:09,660 >> Ni zinageuka kuwa hii nguvu brute kutafuta bado 486 00:26:09,660 --> 00:26:14,150 anafanya vizuri sababu, isipokuwa wakati kupata kwa uhakika 487 00:26:14,150 --> 00:26:19,230 ambapo mti huo ni kubwa kwamba huwezi kuwakilisha yote. 488 00:26:19,230 --> 00:26:22,370 489 00:26:22,370 --> 00:26:28,280 Wakati huwezi compute mti nzima, wakati huwezi kwenda mbele na kushinikiza 490 00:26:28,280 --> 00:26:32,204 mwenyewe kwa uhakika ambapo wameweza wamezipata mti mzima katika kumbukumbu, 491 00:26:32,204 --> 00:26:34,370 au kama unaweza kupata katika kumbukumbu na itakuwa tu 492 00:26:34,370 --> 00:26:39,200 kuchukua wewe safari ndefu mno na kutafuta njia ya hiyo, una kufanya kitu nadhifu. 493 00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:42,620 494 00:26:42,620 --> 00:26:46,450 >> Ili kufanya hivyo, una kufanya mambo mawili. 495 00:26:46,450 --> 00:26:49,030 Kwanza, una kupata baadhi njia ya kupunguza kina wako. 496 00:26:49,030 --> 00:26:50,370 Naam, hiyo ni sawa. 497 00:26:50,370 --> 00:26:55,740 Tunaweza kupata baadhi nzuri, alithibitisha chini na kusema, unaweza tu kwenda hivyo kirefu. 498 00:26:55,740 --> 00:27:00,890 Lakini wakati wa kufanya hivyo, hiyo ina maana wewe na hizi bodi nusu pungufu. 499 00:27:00,890 --> 00:27:04,770 Na una kuchagua, je, mimi kama huu wa bodi nusu pungufu, 500 00:27:04,770 --> 00:27:08,600 au huu wa bodi nusu pungufu? 501 00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:11,910 >> Na juu ya wetu wanne na nne tic-TAC-toe mchezo, 502 00:27:11,910 --> 00:27:15,240 mchezaji kompyuta yetu got chini hadi chini na hayo, wakasema, 503 00:27:15,240 --> 00:27:16,800 Mimi nimepata bodi mbili tofauti. 504 00:27:16,800 --> 00:27:17,940 Wala moja ni kushinda. 505 00:27:17,940 --> 00:27:19,120 Wala moja ni hasara. 506 00:27:19,120 --> 00:27:22,070 Wala moja ni kufunga. 507 00:27:22,070 --> 00:27:24,100 Je, mimi kuchagua kati yao? 508 00:27:24,100 --> 00:27:26,200 Na hawakuwa na njia smart ya kufanya hivyo. 509 00:27:26,200 --> 00:27:28,910 510 00:27:28,910 --> 00:27:32,850 >> Tunaona namna hii tathmini kutokea wakati wote 511 00:27:32,850 --> 00:27:35,290 kama sisi kupata katika michezo ngumu zaidi. 512 00:27:35,290 --> 00:27:37,600 Chess ni mfano mkubwa. 513 00:27:37,600 --> 00:27:41,550 Katika Chess, tuna, kwanza kabisa, bodi kubwa. 514 00:27:41,550 --> 00:27:43,370 Tuna vipande mbali zaidi. 515 00:27:43,370 --> 00:27:47,930 Na nafasi ya vipande hayo na kwa njia hiyo vipande hayo kusonga 516 00:27:47,930 --> 00:27:50,370 ni muhimu sana. 517 00:27:50,370 --> 00:27:53,700 Hivyo kama mimi nataka kutumia Minimax, Mimi haja ya kuwa na uwezo wa kutaja 518 00:27:53,700 --> 00:27:58,240 na kusema, bodi hiyo, ambapo hakuna mtu ameshinda au kupotea bado, 519 00:27:58,240 --> 00:28:04,310 ni namna fulani bora zaidi kuliko haya mengine bodi, ambapo hakuna mtu ameshinda au kupotea. 520 00:28:04,310 --> 00:28:06,740 >> Ili kufanya hivyo, mimi ili kufanya mambo kama mimi ili tu 521 00:28:06,740 --> 00:28:10,787 kuhesabu jinsi wengi vipande kufanya nina na jinsi wengi vipande gani? 522 00:28:10,787 --> 00:28:12,870 Au mimi ili kutoa tofauti vipande mbalimbali pointi. 523 00:28:12,870 --> 00:28:14,420 Malkia wangu ni thamani ya pointi 20. 524 00:28:14,420 --> 00:28:16,500 Pawn yako ni ya thamani pointi moja. 525 00:28:16,500 --> 00:28:18,920 Ambaye ana pointi zaidi jumla? 526 00:28:18,920 --> 00:28:22,300 Au mimi kufikiria mambo kama, ambao got bodi nafasi nzuri? 527 00:28:22,300 --> 00:28:26,820 Zamu ya nani ni ijayo, chochote ambacho naweza 528 00:28:26,820 --> 00:28:31,220 Je, kutathmini usahihi zaidi yupi kati ya uwezekano hizi 529 00:28:31,220 --> 00:28:34,660 Ni bora bila vyema kuzingatia 530 00:28:34,660 --> 00:28:36,565 kila hatua ambayo inaweza kuja baada ya hapo. 531 00:28:36,565 --> 00:28:39,740 532 00:28:39,740 --> 00:28:45,130 >> Sasa kufanya kazi hiyo, moja ya mambo ambayo ni 533 00:28:45,130 --> 00:28:48,680 inaenda kuwa kweli ni muhimu kwa ajili yetu si tu kusonga sawa 534 00:28:48,680 --> 00:28:53,720 chini kwa kina fulani kikomo, lakini kuwa na uwezo wa kusema, 535 00:28:53,720 --> 00:28:59,380 moja ya mawazo haya kwamba mimi kuwa ni mbaya kwamba ni 536 00:28:59,380 --> 00:29:02,280 si thamani ya kuzingatia yote ya njia inawezekana 537 00:29:02,280 --> 00:29:06,680 kwamba mambo yanaweza kwenda kutoka mbaya kuwa mbaya. 538 00:29:06,680 --> 00:29:12,760 Ili kufanya hivyo, tutaweza kuongeza katika Minimax kanuni inayoitwa Alph-beta. 539 00:29:12,760 --> 00:29:16,340 Na alpha-beta anasema, kama una wazo mbaya, 540 00:29:16,340 --> 00:29:22,840 si kupoteza muda wako kujaribu kujua hasa jinsi mbaya ni. 541 00:29:22,840 --> 00:29:24,990 >> Hivyo hapa ni nini tunakwenda kufanya. 542 00:29:24,990 --> 00:29:28,620 Sisi ni kwenda kuchukua hiyo kanuni ambazo tulikuwa kabla, 543 00:29:28,620 --> 00:29:32,200 sawa Minimax aina ya utafutaji, tu tuko 544 00:29:32,200 --> 00:29:37,570 kwenda kuweka wimbo, si tu ya maadili halisi kwamba tuna, lakini tutaweza 545 00:29:37,570 --> 00:29:41,440 kuweka wimbo wa bora thamani kwamba mimi naweza kupata, 546 00:29:41,440 --> 00:29:45,700 na mbaya zaidi kutokea matokeo mimi naweza kuwa. 547 00:29:45,700 --> 00:29:50,470 Na wakati wowote mbaya iwezekanavyo Jambo ni kutafuta uwezekano, 548 00:29:50,470 --> 00:29:52,694 Mimi itabidi kuachana na sehemu hiyo ya mti. 549 00:29:52,694 --> 00:29:54,610 Nami hata bother kuangalia ni tena. 550 00:29:54,610 --> 00:29:57,680 551 00:29:57,680 --> 00:30:02,600 >> Haki wote, hivyo kufikiria kwamba sisi kuanza na halisi mchezo mti huu moja. 552 00:30:02,600 --> 00:30:05,200 Na sasa tunakwenda kwenda chini tena, njia yote chini 553 00:30:05,200 --> 00:30:07,200 kwa kuwa kona ya chini kushoto. 554 00:30:07,200 --> 00:30:11,180 Na katika chini kushoto kona kwamba, sisi kuangalia na sisi kutathmini bodi hii. 555 00:30:11,180 --> 00:30:15,700 Labda ni nne na nne tic-TAC-toe bodi, au labda ni bodi Chess. 556 00:30:15,700 --> 00:30:18,620 Lakini sisi ukiangalia hiyo, na sisi kutathmini yake, na sisi kupata thamani ya nane. 557 00:30:18,620 --> 00:30:22,290 558 00:30:22,290 --> 00:30:28,030 >> Katika hatua hiyo, tunajua kwamba sisi ni kwenda kupata angalau 559 00:30:28,030 --> 00:30:32,380 pointi nane kutokana na uamuzi huu chini. 560 00:30:32,380 --> 00:30:36,620 Haijalishi nini wengine mbili ni kwamba saba na kwamba hizo mbili. 561 00:30:36,620 --> 00:30:38,580 Wao wanaweza kuwa maadili yoyote walitaka kuwa. 562 00:30:38,580 --> 00:30:41,279 Sisi ni kwenda kupata katika angalau pointi nane. 563 00:30:41,279 --> 00:30:43,070 Sawa, lakini tunaweza kwenda mbele na kuangalia. 564 00:30:43,070 --> 00:30:45,080 Labda mmoja wao ni bora kuliko nane. 565 00:30:45,080 --> 00:30:46,000 >> Sisi kuangalia saba. 566 00:30:46,000 --> 00:30:46,910 Haya ni bora kuliko nane? 567 00:30:46,910 --> 00:30:48,680 Hapana, hiyo haina mabadiliko maoni yetu wakati wote. 568 00:30:48,680 --> 00:30:49,460 Sisi kuangalia miwili. 569 00:30:49,460 --> 00:30:50,543 Haya ni bora kuliko nane? 570 00:30:50,543 --> 00:30:52,580 Hapana, hiyo haina mabadiliko maoni yetu wakati wote. 571 00:30:52,580 --> 00:30:55,480 Hivyo sasa tunajua tumekuwa nimechoka yote ya uwezekano huko. 572 00:30:55,480 --> 00:30:58,330 Sisi siyo kwenda kupata kitu chochote bora kuliko nane. 573 00:30:58,330 --> 00:31:01,310 Tunakwenda kupata hasa nane. 574 00:31:01,310 --> 00:31:03,825 >> Na hivyo sisi kubadili hali hiyo nodi na kusema, kwamba ni sasa uhakika. 575 00:31:03,825 --> 00:31:07,010 576 00:31:07,010 --> 00:31:10,270 Tunakwenda ngazi moja juu hilo. 577 00:31:10,270 --> 00:31:13,820 Na sasa sisi kujua kitu juu ya hilo ngazi minimization. 578 00:31:13,820 --> 00:31:18,560 Tunajua kwamba sisi ni kamwe kwenda kupata pointi zaidi ya nane kama sisi kwenda chini 579 00:31:18,560 --> 00:31:20,910 kuwa mwelekeo. 580 00:31:20,910 --> 00:31:22,980 Kwa sababu hata kama wale matawi mengine mawili kugeuka kutoka 581 00:31:22,980 --> 00:31:26,170 kuwa ajabu na yenye thamani ya maelfu ya pointi kila mmoja, 582 00:31:26,170 --> 00:31:31,666 mpinzani wetu itatupa kiwango cha chini, na kutupa nane. 583 00:31:31,666 --> 00:31:32,790 Haki wote, vizuri, hebu angalia. 584 00:31:32,790 --> 00:31:35,190 Tutaweza kuendelea chini njia hiyo. 585 00:31:35,190 --> 00:31:38,490 Sisi kwenda chini kwa kuwa katikati upande wa kushoto. 586 00:31:38,490 --> 00:31:40,560 Sisi kuangalia chini na tunaona kuna tisa. 587 00:31:40,560 --> 00:31:45,590 Tunajua kwamba sisi ni kwenda kupata pointi angalau tisa na kwenda chini 588 00:31:45,590 --> 00:31:47,720 kwamba barabara katikati. 589 00:31:47,720 --> 00:31:52,110 Na katika hatua hii, tunaweza tu kutulia. 590 00:31:52,110 --> 00:31:56,910 Na tunaweza kusema, angalia, mimi kujua katika ngazi ya juu, 591 00:31:56,910 --> 00:32:01,160 Mimi nina kwenda kupata hakuna zaidi ya nane anasema kwa kwenda chini mwelekeo huu. 592 00:32:01,160 --> 00:32:05,670 Lakini kama nilikwenda chini katikati njia badala ya njia kushoto, 593 00:32:05,670 --> 00:32:08,980 Napenda kupata pointi angalau tisa. 594 00:32:08,980 --> 00:32:13,590 >> Mpinzani wangu ni kamwe kwenda basi mimi kwenda chini njia kwamba katikati. 595 00:32:13,590 --> 00:32:14,650 Wao kupata kuchagua. 596 00:32:14,650 --> 00:32:18,140 Na wao wanaenda kuchagua njia ya kuelekea kushoto nane, 597 00:32:18,140 --> 00:32:23,650 badala ya chini katikati kuelekea nini pointi angalau tisa. 598 00:32:23,650 --> 00:32:25,334 Hivyo katika hatua hiyo, mimi itabidi kuacha. 599 00:32:25,334 --> 00:32:26,500 Na mimi itabidi kusema, unajua nini? 600 00:32:26,500 --> 00:32:29,990 Sina kuangalia yoyote zaidi chini katika upande huo. 601 00:32:29,990 --> 00:32:32,270 Kwa sababu mimi nina kamwe kwenda kupata huko. 602 00:32:32,270 --> 00:32:36,660 >> Siwezi ruka juu kwamba mmoja, na siwezi ruka juu kwamba sita, 603 00:32:36,660 --> 00:32:39,720 kwa sababu hiyo kamwe kwenda kutokea. 604 00:32:39,720 --> 00:32:42,470 Hivyo nitakwenda chini na mimi itabidi kufikiria uwezekano ijayo. 605 00:32:42,470 --> 00:32:44,830 Mimi kwenda chini huko na nasema, Mimi naona mbili. 606 00:32:44,830 --> 00:32:47,125 Najua kama mimi kupata kwa hapa, mimi nina kwenda kupata angalau mbili. 607 00:32:47,125 --> 00:32:49,810 608 00:32:49,810 --> 00:32:50,470 SAWA. 609 00:32:50,470 --> 00:32:51,520 Mimi kuendelea. 610 00:32:51,520 --> 00:32:52,440 Mimi naona nne. 611 00:32:52,440 --> 00:32:54,920 Najua mimi nina kwenda kupata angalau nne. 612 00:32:54,920 --> 00:32:57,200 Bado kuna mengi kati ya nne na nane, ingawa. 613 00:32:57,200 --> 00:32:58,454 Hivyo mimi kuendelea. 614 00:32:58,454 --> 00:32:59,870 Mimi kuangalia chini na naona kuna moja. 615 00:32:59,870 --> 00:33:01,614 Sawa, mimi kujua kama Mimi kwenda chini njia hii, 616 00:33:01,614 --> 00:33:03,280 Mimi nina kwenda kuwa na uwezo wa kuchagua minne. 617 00:33:03,280 --> 00:33:06,540 618 00:33:06,540 --> 00:33:08,980 Nini mpinzani wangu kwenda kufanya? 619 00:33:08,980 --> 00:33:12,310 Kati ya kitu ambacho anitiaye nane, kitu ambacho anitiaye nne, 620 00:33:12,310 --> 00:33:14,730 na kitu ambacho anitiaye angalau tisa, 621 00:33:14,730 --> 00:33:17,550 vizuri, yeye kwenda nipe nne. 622 00:33:17,550 --> 00:33:20,110 Na najua sasa katika sana juu, mimi nina kwenda 623 00:33:20,110 --> 00:33:23,145 kuwa na uwezo wa kupata angalau pointi nne kutoka katika mchezo huu. 624 00:33:23,145 --> 00:33:27,030 625 00:33:27,030 --> 00:33:30,900 >> Wazo zima la alpha-beta ni kwa kukatwa sehemu mti ili 626 00:33:30,900 --> 00:33:32,530 kwamba mimi si kuangalia yao tena. 627 00:33:32,530 --> 00:33:35,964 Lakini bado inaonekana kama nimekuwa kuangalia mengi ya mti. 628 00:33:35,964 --> 00:33:36,880 Hebu kuweka kwenda chini. 629 00:33:36,880 --> 00:33:38,305 Tutaweza kwenda chini moja ijayo sasa. 630 00:33:38,305 --> 00:33:39,680 Chini chini, mimi kupata moja. 631 00:33:39,680 --> 00:33:41,030 Najua mimi nina kwenda kupata angalau moja. 632 00:33:41,030 --> 00:33:41,690 Mimi kuendelea kutafuta. 633 00:33:41,690 --> 00:33:42,625 >> Mimi sioni tatu. 634 00:33:42,625 --> 00:33:44,250 Najua mimi nina kwenda kupata angalau tatu. 635 00:33:44,250 --> 00:33:44,840 Mimi kuendelea. 636 00:33:44,840 --> 00:33:45,660 Mimi sioni tano. 637 00:33:45,660 --> 00:33:49,760 Najua mimi nina kwenda kupata tano kama mimi kupata chini katika njia hiyo. 638 00:33:49,760 --> 00:33:52,580 Na mimi pia kujua kisha kwamba mpinzani wangu, kama mimi 639 00:33:52,580 --> 00:33:55,510 kuchagua kati ya uchaguzi wa tatu kubwa, 640 00:33:55,510 --> 00:34:01,440 yeye kwenda nipe kitu ambacho ni tano au chini. 641 00:34:01,440 --> 00:34:02,150 >> SAWA. 642 00:34:02,150 --> 00:34:03,400 Siwezi kuendelea huko. 643 00:34:03,400 --> 00:34:06,470 Siwezi kuangalia chini na mimi anaweza kusema, je, Mimi kwenda 644 00:34:06,470 --> 00:34:08,239 kupata kama mimi kwenda chini njia katikati? 645 00:34:08,239 --> 00:34:09,909 Mimi nina kwenda kupata, vizuri, tatu huko. 646 00:34:09,909 --> 00:34:12,080 Mimi nina kwenda kupata kitu hiyo ni angalau tatu. 647 00:34:12,080 --> 00:34:16,030 Bado kuna mambo kati tatu na tano, hivyo mimi kuendelea kutafuta. 648 00:34:16,030 --> 00:34:20,203 Loo, tisa, mimi itabidi dhahiri kuchukua kwamba zaidi ya tatu. 649 00:34:20,203 --> 00:34:22,744 Mimi nina kwenda kupata angalau tisa kama mimi kwenda chini njia kwamba katikati. 650 00:34:22,744 --> 00:34:25,530 651 00:34:25,530 --> 00:34:31,010 >> Sasa mpinzani wangu ataacha na anasema, kuangalia, hakuna hatua tena. 652 00:34:31,010 --> 00:34:33,669 Mimi najua kuwa wangu minimization mpinzani, yeye ni 653 00:34:33,669 --> 00:34:36,210 anaenda kunipa kitu hiyo ni chini ya au sawa na tano, 654 00:34:36,210 --> 00:34:39,030 badala ya kitu hiyo ni zaidi au sawa na tisa. 655 00:34:39,030 --> 00:34:39,530 Mimi kuacha. 656 00:34:39,530 --> 00:34:40,779 Mimi si kuangalia yoyote zaidi wakati huo. 657 00:34:40,779 --> 00:34:43,280 Mimi kuendelea. 658 00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:44,850 >> Mimi kuangalia chini juu ya hili. 659 00:34:44,850 --> 00:34:46,370 Chini kwa chini, mimi kupata sita. 660 00:34:46,370 --> 00:34:50,040 Najua mimi nina kwenda kupata angalau sita. 661 00:34:50,040 --> 00:34:53,130 Na nini naweza kufanya nini? 662 00:34:53,130 --> 00:34:54,877 Siwezi kuacha. 663 00:34:54,877 --> 00:34:57,460 Kwa sababu kuna uchaguzi kati kitu ambacho ni angalau sita 664 00:34:57,460 --> 00:34:59,250 na kitu ambacho ni chini ya miaka mitano, yeye ni 665 00:34:59,250 --> 00:35:02,570 anaenda kunipa kitu hiyo ni chini ya miaka mitano. 666 00:35:02,570 --> 00:35:04,779 Na sasa najua mimi nina kwenda kupata hasa kwamba uchaguzi. 667 00:35:04,779 --> 00:35:06,195 Mimi nina kwenda kupata kwamba uchaguzi tano. 668 00:35:06,195 --> 00:35:08,980 669 00:35:08,980 --> 00:35:10,010 >> Mimi kwenda nyuma hadi juu. 670 00:35:10,010 --> 00:35:11,450 Ambayo mimi kwenda kuchagua kati kitu 671 00:35:11,450 --> 00:35:14,449 hiyo ni kubwa zaidi kuliko au sawa na nne, au kitu ambacho ni sawa na tano? 672 00:35:14,449 --> 00:35:17,140 Mimi nina kwenda kuchukua kitu hiyo ni angalau tano. 673 00:35:17,140 --> 00:35:20,490 Mimi kwenda chini njia mwisho, kila njia ya chini kwa chini. 674 00:35:20,490 --> 00:35:21,260 Kuna moja. 675 00:35:21,260 --> 00:35:23,410 OK, angalau mimi nina kwenda kupata pointi moja. 676 00:35:23,410 --> 00:35:24,427 Mimi kuendelea. 677 00:35:24,427 --> 00:35:25,760 Mbili, oh, hiyo ni bora kuliko mmoja. 678 00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:27,100 Mimi nina kwenda kupata angalau mbili. 679 00:35:27,100 --> 00:35:28,610 Mimi sioni tatu. 680 00:35:28,610 --> 00:35:31,450 Najua mimi nina kwenda kupata tatu. 681 00:35:31,450 --> 00:35:34,690 >> Na hatua juu kwamba, mpinzani wangu ni kwenda 682 00:35:34,690 --> 00:35:38,540 kunipa kitu ambacho ni chini ya au sawa na tatu. 683 00:35:38,540 --> 00:35:40,940 Na sasa siwezi kuacha. 684 00:35:40,940 --> 00:35:46,290 Kwa sababu katika uchaguzi kati ya mimi kuwa uwezo wa kupata tano na mpinzani wangu 685 00:35:46,290 --> 00:35:52,290 kunipa kitu kisichozidi miaka mitatu, Mimi daima kwenda kuchukua kwamba tano. 686 00:35:52,290 --> 00:35:56,810 Hivyo mimi si kutathmini kwamba chini sehemu ya mti wakati wote. 687 00:35:56,810 --> 00:35:59,470 >> Sasa, hii inaweza kuonekana madogo. 688 00:35:59,470 --> 00:36:03,630 Lakini wakati bits kidogo ya hesabu, kubwa kuliko na chini ya, 689 00:36:03,630 --> 00:36:10,640 Unaweza kukata sehemu nzima ya mti huu exponentially kukua, 690 00:36:10,640 --> 00:36:14,280 ambayo inaongoza kwa mkubwa kiasi cha akiba, akiba 691 00:36:14,280 --> 00:36:17,630 kwamba ni kubwa ya kutosha kwamba mimi unaweza kuanza kucheza ushindani 692 00:36:17,630 --> 00:36:21,330 katika michezo ngumu zaidi. 693 00:36:21,330 --> 00:36:27,030 >> Haki wote, kama sisi kuangalia ukubwa na utata wa michezo mbalimbali, 694 00:36:27,030 --> 00:36:29,470 tic-TAC-toe alikuwa mfano wetu rahisi. 695 00:36:29,470 --> 00:36:32,150 Sisi tumepewa bodi ndogo, tatu na tatu. 696 00:36:32,150 --> 00:36:36,030 Sisi kupata, saa zaidi, wastani wa minne uchaguzi mbalimbali 697 00:36:36,030 --> 00:36:38,440 kama sisi kwenda kwa njia ya mchezo. 698 00:36:38,440 --> 00:36:42,720 Tuna mahali fulani karibu 10 hadi tano iwezekanavyo majani mbalimbali. 699 00:36:42,720 --> 00:36:45,200 Na kujenga tic-TAC-toe mchezaji, vizuri, sisi tu alifanya hivyo. 700 00:36:45,200 --> 00:36:47,460 Ni rahisi. 701 00:36:47,460 --> 00:36:49,890 >> Kama Tunakwenda kitu zaidi tata, kama Connect Nne. 702 00:36:49,890 --> 00:36:53,170 Je, unakumbuka mchezo huu ambapo tone ishara kidogo katika? 703 00:36:53,170 --> 00:36:58,490 Ni sita na saba bodi, si kwamba kiasi kikubwa, bado 704 00:36:58,490 --> 00:37:00,770 ina kuhusu matawi huo sababu kama tic-TAC-toe. 705 00:37:00,770 --> 00:37:05,410 Nina kuhusu uchaguzi nne ambapo naweza kuweka mambo katika. 706 00:37:05,410 --> 00:37:10,760 Lakini sasa, mimi nimepata mengi zaidi inaongoza, 10 kwa nguvu ya 21. 707 00:37:10,760 --> 00:37:14,440 Hiyo ni kitu ambacho ni rahisi kutosha kwamba sisi kutatua hayo mara moja. 708 00:37:14,440 --> 00:37:17,560 >> Checkers, zaidi complex-- wewe got nane na bodi nane. 709 00:37:17,560 --> 00:37:20,570 Wewe ni tu juu ya nusu ya yao wakati wowote, ingawa. 710 00:37:20,570 --> 00:37:24,930 Nimepata matawi sababu hiyo ni juu 2.8. 711 00:37:24,930 --> 00:37:28,160 Naam, sisi tumepewa wanandoa hatua unaweza kuchukua. 712 00:37:28,160 --> 00:37:33,870 Nimepata kuhusu 10 kwa majani 31, kubwa, na kubwa, na kubwa maeneo ya. 713 00:37:33,870 --> 00:37:37,340 Kama nina kutafuta njia nafasi wale kubwa na kubwa zaidi, 714 00:37:37,340 --> 00:37:42,220 hapo ndipo mambo kama alpha-beta na kuwa na uwezo wa kukata matawi yote 715 00:37:42,220 --> 00:37:44,420 inakuwa muhimu. 716 00:37:44,420 --> 00:37:47,440 >> Sasa, checkers ilikuwa rahisi kutosha katika 1992. 717 00:37:47,440 --> 00:37:51,400 Programu ya kompyuta inayoitwa Chinook kuwapiga checkers dunia 718 00:37:51,400 --> 00:37:53,590 bingwa, Marion Tinsley. 719 00:37:53,590 --> 00:37:57,260 Na tangu wakati huo, hakuna mchezaji bwana binadamu ana 720 00:37:57,260 --> 00:38:02,290 wameweza kuwapiga bora mifumo Computational. 721 00:38:02,290 --> 00:38:06,570 Tukiangalia kitu kama Chess, sasa tena, tuna nane na bodi nane. 722 00:38:06,570 --> 00:38:09,870 Lakini tuna tata zaidi vipande, kiasi harakati ngumu zaidi. 723 00:38:09,870 --> 00:38:14,610 Tuna matawi sababu ya juu 35, 35 iwezekanavyo hatua kwa wastani 724 00:38:14,610 --> 00:38:20,030 kwamba naweza kuchukua, na hali nafasi, idadi ya majani 725 00:38:20,030 --> 00:38:28,950 hiyo ni mzima kwa 10 madarakani 123, idadi kubwa ya uwezekano. 726 00:38:28,950 --> 00:38:35,570 >> Hata bado, kisasa wasindikaji wana uwezo wa kufanya hivyo kwa mafanikio. 727 00:38:35,570 --> 00:38:43,900 Mwaka 1995 na kisha mwaka 1997, kompyuta mpango ujulikanao Deep Blue kujengwa na IBM 728 00:38:43,900 --> 00:38:49,601 kwamba mbio juu ya kompyuta zenye nguvu kubwa kuwapiga sasa bingwa wa dunia, 729 00:38:49,601 --> 00:38:50,225 Garry Kasparov. 730 00:38:50,225 --> 00:38:54,000 731 00:38:54,000 --> 00:38:56,650 Hii ilikuwa hatua ya kugeuka. 732 00:38:56,650 --> 00:39:00,620 Leo, ingawa, usindikaji hiyo nguvu yapo kwenye MacBook yangu. 733 00:39:00,620 --> 00:39:04,180 734 00:39:04,180 --> 00:39:06,440 >> Kasi ya usindikaji anaendelea kupata kasi zaidi na zaidi. 735 00:39:06,440 --> 00:39:09,500 Tunaweza kutathmini zaidi na zaidi bodi wepesi na haraka. 736 00:39:09,500 --> 00:39:14,550 Lakini muhimu zaidi, tuna bora kazi ya tathmini na kupogoa bora 737 00:39:14,550 --> 00:39:15,460 mbinu. 738 00:39:15,460 --> 00:39:19,560 Ili tuweze kutafuta nafasi zaidi complexly. 739 00:39:19,560 --> 00:39:22,350 Kubwa ya bodi michezo ambayo tunaweza kufikiria, 740 00:39:22,350 --> 00:39:26,310 kitu kama Go hiyo ni got 19 na 19 bodi, 741 00:39:26,310 --> 00:39:32,490 sasa ghafla, tuko nyuma hatua ambapo mifumo Computational inaweza kushinda. 742 00:39:32,490 --> 00:39:34,530 Hakuna Computational mfumo huko nje 743 00:39:34,530 --> 00:39:38,880 kwamba wanaweza kuwapiga mtaalamu Go mchezaji. 744 00:39:38,880 --> 00:39:45,000 Bora mifumo leo cheo ni kuhusu aina ya nzuri ngazi Amateur. 745 00:39:45,000 --> 00:39:49,285 Hivyo bado kuna kidogo kabisa nje pale kwamba huwezi kupata bado. 746 00:39:49,285 --> 00:39:51,840 747 00:39:51,840 --> 00:39:55,360 >> Sawa, haya michezo bodi ya jadi, 748 00:39:55,360 --> 00:39:58,560 aina hii ya mifumo ambapo sisi kujenga Minimax hii, iwe ni got 749 00:39:58,560 --> 00:40:06,300 alpha-beta au la, algorithms hizi kazi kwa sababu kuna baadhi ya vikwazo. 750 00:40:06,300 --> 00:40:08,520 Tuna taarifa kamili kuhusu dunia. 751 00:40:08,520 --> 00:40:11,690 Tunajua ambapo vipande vyote ni. 752 00:40:11,690 --> 00:40:13,570 Dunia ni tuli. 753 00:40:13,570 --> 00:40:16,220 Hakuna mtu anapata hoja vipande kuzunguka nikiwa 754 00:40:16,220 --> 00:40:20,640 wameketi hapo kufikiri, kwa kuchukua zamu yangu. 755 00:40:20,640 --> 00:40:23,140 Kuna hatua nafasi hiyo ni za kipekee. 756 00:40:23,140 --> 00:40:26,900 Siwezi kuweka pawn wangu hapa, au siwezi kuweka pawn wangu hapa. 757 00:40:26,900 --> 00:40:30,520 Mimi si kuruhusiwa kuweka pawn wangu juu ya mstari katika kati ya viwanja viwili. 758 00:40:30,520 --> 00:40:34,430 759 00:40:34,430 --> 00:40:36,520 >> Na hatimaye, hatua ni deterministic. 760 00:40:36,520 --> 00:40:39,790 Najua kwamba kama mimi kusema, Rook kwa knight tatu, 761 00:40:39,790 --> 00:40:44,660 Rook yangu ni kwenda kuishia katika knight tatu, muda mrefu kama ni hoja halali. 762 00:40:44,660 --> 00:40:47,830 Hakuna uhakika juu ya jambo hilo. 763 00:40:47,830 --> 00:40:52,490 Sasa, kama mimi kwenda zaidi aina mbalimbali za michezo, 764 00:40:52,490 --> 00:40:55,960 tuna kuvunja dhana hizo. 765 00:40:55,960 --> 00:41:00,020 >> Nini kama mimi kwenda kwa kitu kama video michezo classic? 766 00:41:00,020 --> 00:41:04,180 Hapa ni uteuzi wa video michezo kutoka Atari 2600. 767 00:41:04,180 --> 00:41:05,180 Je, mimi kuwa huko juu? 768 00:41:05,180 --> 00:41:08,440 Mimi nimepata Frogger, Nafasi Wavamizi, Pitfall, na Pac-Man. 769 00:41:08,440 --> 00:41:11,290 770 00:41:11,290 --> 00:41:14,840 Ni aina gani ya mazingira kufanya mimi hapa sasa? 771 00:41:14,840 --> 00:41:16,900 Ni yupi kati ya dhana hizi kufanya mimi kuvunja? 772 00:41:16,900 --> 00:41:19,410 773 00:41:19,410 --> 00:41:21,570 >> Naam, ni inategemea mchezo. 774 00:41:21,570 --> 00:41:28,170 Mimi naweza kucheza chess juu ya 2600, na itakuwa tu kama ilivyokuwa kabla. 775 00:41:28,170 --> 00:41:33,020 Kwa zaidi ya mifumo hii, kuna maarifa kamili kuhusu dunia. 776 00:41:33,020 --> 00:41:36,300 Kuna kabisa deterministic vitendo. 777 00:41:36,300 --> 00:41:38,330 Lakini kwa kawaida, duniani tena tuli. 778 00:41:38,330 --> 00:41:41,970 Yaani, wakati mimi nina wamekaa kusubiri, kitu ni kusonga mbele. 779 00:41:41,970 --> 00:41:44,320 Vizuka ni kuja kupata yangu. 780 00:41:44,320 --> 00:41:46,570 Nge ni kufuatia mimi chini. 781 00:41:46,570 --> 00:41:48,880 Wavamizi nafasi ni kuja karibu na karibu. 782 00:41:48,880 --> 00:41:54,020 783 00:41:54,020 --> 00:41:55,510 Jinsi vizuri tunaweza kufanya dhidi ya hawa? 784 00:41:55,510 --> 00:41:58,640 785 00:41:58,640 --> 00:42:02,790 >> Miaka michache iliyopita, Google alikuwa mradi inayoitwa 786 00:42:02,790 --> 00:42:12,030 DeepMind, ambapo mafunzo ya kompyuta Mpango kucheza Atari 2600 michezo. 787 00:42:12,030 --> 00:42:16,120 Na kama unadhani hii si mbaya biashara, matokeo ya utafiti wao 788 00:42:16,120 --> 00:42:19,920 zilichapishwa katika Nature, hivyo tu kuhusu kama nzuri uchapishaji 789 00:42:19,920 --> 00:42:22,500 kama unaweza uwezekano wa kupata. 790 00:42:22,500 --> 00:42:24,340 Na hapa ni jinsi wao walifanya. 791 00:42:24,340 --> 00:42:29,220 >> Wana algorithm aliyekuwa ameketi na kuangalia tu pembejeo screen. 792 00:42:29,220 --> 00:42:34,080 Ni got hakuna maelekezo yo kuhusu sheria za mchezo. 793 00:42:34,080 --> 00:42:42,610 Na ilitakiwa kufikiri, msingi alama zake, jinsi vizuri alikuwa akifanya. 794 00:42:42,610 --> 00:42:46,560 Hii ilikuwa ni mfumo kuwa kutumika kitu aitwaye kujifunza kuimarisha. 795 00:42:46,560 --> 00:42:48,380 Hiyo ni, inaonekana katika alama zake. 796 00:42:48,380 --> 00:42:51,620 Na kama ni got alama nzuri, ilisema, Mimi wakumbuke mambo hayo. 797 00:42:51,620 --> 00:42:53,310 Na ni lazima kufanya wale tena. 798 00:42:53,310 --> 00:42:56,450 Na kama ni got alama mbaya, ilisema, Mimi haipaswi kufanya mambo hayo tena. 799 00:42:56,450 --> 00:42:59,750 800 00:42:59,750 --> 00:43:03,430 >> Hii ni utendaji wale mifumo mafunzo 801 00:43:03,430 --> 00:43:07,490 kuruhusiwa kucheza kwa Saa chache juu ya kila mchezo, 802 00:43:07,490 --> 00:43:12,490 ikilinganishwa dhidi gamers ya kikazi. 803 00:43:12,490 --> 00:43:19,670 Hivyo kwa wote wa michezo kuwa ni kwa upande wa kushoto wa mstari huu, 804 00:43:19,670 --> 00:43:25,920 mpango huu binafsi mafunzo ya kompyuta outperformed gamers kikazi. 805 00:43:25,920 --> 00:43:29,690 Na kwa kila kitu kwa haki, gamers mtaalamu 806 00:43:29,690 --> 00:43:30,920 bado walikuwa bora. 807 00:43:30,920 --> 00:43:34,040 808 00:43:34,040 --> 00:43:36,850 Kwa kitu ambacho alijua chochote kuhusu sheria, kwamba 809 00:43:36,850 --> 00:43:43,020 alijua chochote kuhusu muundo wa michezo, hii ni utendaji ya kuvutia. 810 00:43:43,020 --> 00:43:45,660 Na hii ni nini sisi ni uwezo wa kufanya leo. 811 00:43:45,660 --> 00:43:50,239 >> OK, unaweza kusema, lakini kama sisi kufikiri juu ya ai katika michezo, 812 00:43:50,239 --> 00:43:52,530 Kwa kawaida sisi kufikiri juu ya mambo ambayo tunaweza kweli 813 00:43:52,530 --> 00:43:54,180 kukaa chini na kucheza dhidi ya. 814 00:43:54,180 --> 00:43:58,760 Kama mimi kukaa chini na mimi kucheza StarCraft, au mimi kucheza Bure Sieve, 815 00:43:58,760 --> 00:44:01,870 mpinzani kompyuta ni mtu kudhibiti Zerg, 816 00:44:01,870 --> 00:44:06,770 au kudhibiti ustaarabu mwingine. 817 00:44:06,770 --> 00:44:11,920 Je, wachezaji hao kweli kupata hatua yao? 818 00:44:11,920 --> 00:44:18,810 >> Naam, hizi michezo ni muundo njia ile ile kama bodi ya michezo yetu, 819 00:44:18,810 --> 00:44:22,250 hizi michezo kuwa tutaweza pamoja kuwaita nne X michezo, 820 00:44:22,250 --> 00:44:26,040 kuchunguza, expand-- kusahau ndio. 821 00:44:26,040 --> 00:44:26,980 Ni nini? 822 00:44:26,980 --> 00:44:32,150 Kuchunguza, kupanua, na kuzima, Nadhani ni moja ya mwisho. 823 00:44:32,150 --> 00:44:36,060 Lakini wao ni kimsingi utafutaji na kushinda michezo. 824 00:44:36,060 --> 00:44:41,020 Kwa kawaida, mpinzani kompyuta kuna ina taarifa mdogo. 825 00:44:41,020 --> 00:44:45,486 Hawajui nini hasa ni kinachoendelea nyuma kwamba ukungu wa vita. 826 00:44:45,486 --> 00:44:47,735 Hawana kupata kuona nini una katika hesabu yako. 827 00:44:47,735 --> 00:44:50,240 828 00:44:50,240 --> 00:44:52,800 >> Kuna mazingira ambayo ni ya nguvu. 829 00:44:52,800 --> 00:44:56,180 Kila kitu ni kubadilisha wakati wote. 830 00:44:56,180 --> 00:45:00,290 Huwezi kupata kukaa na kusubiri kuchukua hoja yako. 831 00:45:00,290 --> 00:45:02,810 Lakini mambo mengi bado ni za kipekee. 832 00:45:02,810 --> 00:45:04,200 Mimi kuweka mji wangu hapa. 833 00:45:04,200 --> 00:45:06,750 Au mimi kuweka mji wangu hapa. 834 00:45:06,750 --> 00:45:08,950 Na kila kitu ni deterministic. 835 00:45:08,950 --> 00:45:14,660 Wakati mimi kusema, hoja kitengo yangu hapa, kitengo yangu hatua hapa, isipokuwa kikwazo ghafla 836 00:45:14,660 --> 00:45:17,700 linachukua nafasi. 837 00:45:17,700 --> 00:45:21,610 Sasa, si kwamba kompyuta zote michezo kwamba ni huko nje leo. 838 00:45:21,610 --> 00:45:27,320 >> Kama mimi kwenda na mimi kucheza kwanza mtu aina mchezo, kitu kama Mwizi au Fallout 839 00:45:27,320 --> 00:45:33,350 au Skyrim, au Halo, sasa Nina wapinzani kompyuta 840 00:45:33,350 --> 00:45:37,860 kwamba ni huko nje kwamba kuwa hali tofauti sana. 841 00:45:37,860 --> 00:45:40,020 Wana, tena, habari mdogo. 842 00:45:40,020 --> 00:45:43,420 Wao tu unaweza kuona uwanja fulani ya maoni. 843 00:45:43,420 --> 00:45:45,180 Mazingira bado ni nguvu. 844 00:45:45,180 --> 00:45:48,280 Mambo yanabadilika wakati wote. 845 00:45:48,280 --> 00:45:52,300 >> Lakini sasa nina mengi zaidi kuendelea hatua nafasi. 846 00:45:52,300 --> 00:45:57,170 Mimi inaweza kuwa peeking tu kidogo nje ya mlango. 847 00:45:57,170 --> 00:46:00,650 Na baadhi ya michezo, yangu vitendo ni stochastic. 848 00:46:00,650 --> 00:46:04,590 Mimi kupata kujaribu kuruka juu kwamba ukuta, lakini mimi nimepata nafasi ya kushindwa. 849 00:46:04,590 --> 00:46:08,280 850 00:46:08,280 --> 00:46:14,550 Hizi ni aina ya michezo ni kupata karibu na karibu na aina ya controllers 851 00:46:14,550 --> 00:46:17,330 kwamba sisi kujenga katika robotteknik. 852 00:46:17,330 --> 00:46:21,050 >> Katika robotteknik, tuna kudhani kwamba tuna maelezo mdogo. 853 00:46:21,050 --> 00:46:23,070 Tuna sensorer kwamba tueleze kuhusu dunia. 854 00:46:23,070 --> 00:46:25,860 Tuna daima-kubadilika, mazingira ya nguvu. 855 00:46:25,860 --> 00:46:30,440 Tuna dunia ambayo nafasi ni kuendelea, badala ya kipekee. 856 00:46:30,440 --> 00:46:36,260 Na matendo yetu, wakati sisi kujaribu yao, wana nafasi ya kushindwa. 857 00:46:36,260 --> 00:46:40,960 Na kwa kweli, mchezo wa kisasa controllers kwa mpinzani wako Halo, 858 00:46:40,960 --> 00:46:48,690 au kwa NPCs wale walio katika Skyrim, kimsingi kukimbia usanifu ndogo robotteknik. 859 00:46:48,690 --> 00:46:50,380 >> Wao hisia dunia. 860 00:46:50,380 --> 00:46:52,910 Wao kujenga mfano wa dunia. 861 00:46:52,910 --> 00:46:57,950 Wao compute msingi juu ya seti ya malengo ambayo Ningependa kukamilisha. 862 00:46:57,950 --> 00:47:03,110 Wanapanga hatua kwa kuzingatia juu ya nini wanajua. 863 00:47:03,110 --> 00:47:07,940 Na wale ni hasa aina hiyo mifumo ya kwamba sisi kujenga katika robotteknik. 864 00:47:07,940 --> 00:47:11,420 Hivyo usanifu haya, kwa kuleta nyuma hii kwa pamoja, 865 00:47:11,420 --> 00:47:14,500 ni mara nyingi kabisa huo. 866 00:47:14,500 --> 00:47:16,340 >> Basi hebu angalia kama tunaweza kuona kwamba. 867 00:47:16,340 --> 00:47:19,210 Hebu kwenda nyuma ya yetu tic-TAC-toe mfano. 868 00:47:19,210 --> 00:47:22,690 Na mimi nina kwenda kuuliza michache ya yangu baada ya maandiko kuja na msaada kwangu. 869 00:47:22,690 --> 00:47:26,970 Hivyo Chen Ming, na Alessandro, na Olivier, kama wewe guys ingekuwa kuja. 870 00:47:26,970 --> 00:47:32,080 871 00:47:32,080 --> 00:47:35,440 Na mimi nina kwenda haja michache ya kujitolea 872 00:47:35,440 --> 00:47:37,590 >> OK, nikaona mkono wa kulia juu pale katikati. 873 00:47:37,590 --> 00:47:39,965 Napenda kuchukua moja zaidi, mtu zaidi katika nyuma labda. 874 00:47:39,965 --> 00:47:40,881 Haki wote, zaidi ya hapo. 875 00:47:40,881 --> 00:47:41,490 Kuja juu juu. 876 00:47:41,490 --> 00:47:44,190 877 00:47:44,190 --> 00:47:45,335 Sawa. 878 00:47:45,335 --> 00:47:49,490 Basi hebu kuchukua kwamba cover chini. 879 00:47:49,490 --> 00:48:03,700 Na kama nyie atakuja kulia nyuma karibu hapa kwa ajili yangu, ajabu. 880 00:48:03,700 --> 00:48:06,580 >> Hivyo hii ni robot aitwaye Baxter. 881 00:48:06,580 --> 00:48:10,880 Na Baxter ni robot hiyo ni jukwaa kibiashara, iliyoundwa 882 00:48:10,880 --> 00:48:13,030 na kampuni inayoitwa Kutathmini Upya. 883 00:48:13,030 --> 00:48:16,580 Na robot hii ni iliyoundwa kwa ajili ya viwanda vidogo vidogo. 884 00:48:16,580 --> 00:48:19,265 Lakini leo hii tunakwenda matumizi yake ya kucheza tic-TAC-toe. 885 00:48:19,265 --> 00:48:21,930 886 00:48:21,930 --> 00:48:27,150 Sasa, robot hii pia ni jambo hiyo ni kiasi kipekee. 887 00:48:27,150 --> 00:48:32,950 Kwa sababu kama mimi walikuwa wamesimama popote karibu na kiwango cha automatisering kiwanda 888 00:48:32,950 --> 00:48:39,580 mfumo, Ningependa kuwa katika kaburi sana hatari ya kujeruhiwa. 889 00:48:39,580 --> 00:48:45,600 >> Baxter, hata hivyo, imeundwa kuwa kiasi salama kwa kushirikiana na. 890 00:48:45,600 --> 00:48:48,680 Na hivyo siwezi kushinikiza juu ya robot hii. 891 00:48:48,680 --> 00:48:52,350 Na unaweza kuona ni kidogo kidogo rahisi kama hatua kuzunguka. 892 00:48:52,350 --> 00:48:57,250 Na siwezi kuipa sura yake ambapo Ningependa ni kwenda. 893 00:48:57,250 --> 00:49:03,410 Sasa katika kawaida mfumo robotic, tunataka kuwa na seti ya viungo hapa 894 00:49:03,410 --> 00:49:07,970 hiyo inaweza kuwa moja kwa moja kukabiliana na amri msimamo. 895 00:49:07,970 --> 00:49:13,180 Na wangeweza si lazima huduma kama walikuwa kusonga kupitia viwanja vya wazi, 896 00:49:13,180 --> 00:49:15,555 au kama walikuwa kusonga kupitia mbavu zangu. 897 00:49:15,555 --> 00:49:18,410 898 00:49:18,410 --> 00:49:19,120 >> SAWA. 899 00:49:19,120 --> 00:49:22,090 Na kwa kawaida, kama ungekuwa hapa na mfumo wa viwanda, 900 00:49:22,090 --> 00:49:23,400 ungependa kwenda mahali pa karibu yake. 901 00:49:23,400 --> 00:49:26,280 Kutakuwa na njano mkanda usalama pande zote. 902 00:49:26,280 --> 00:49:28,310 Mfumo huu ina kubuni tofauti kidogo 903 00:49:28,310 --> 00:49:32,130 kuwa friendlier na rahisi kwa watu wa kiutendaji na, 904 00:49:32,130 --> 00:49:36,380 kwa kuwa katika kila kiungo, kuna spring. 905 00:49:36,380 --> 00:49:39,110 Na badala ya kudhibiti nafasi halisi, 906 00:49:39,110 --> 00:49:43,110 sisi kudhibiti kiasi fulani cha moment, kiasi fulani cha nguvu, 907 00:49:43,110 --> 00:49:45,874 kwamba tungependa kuwa juu ya kwamba spring. 908 00:49:45,874 --> 00:49:47,790 Haki wote, hivyo basi mimi kuchukua kujitolea yetu hapa. 909 00:49:47,790 --> 00:49:48,540 Hi, nini jina lako? 910 00:49:48,540 --> 00:49:49,010 >> Watazamaji: Louis. 911 00:49:49,010 --> 00:49:49,635 >> SPIKA: Louis. 912 00:49:49,635 --> 00:49:50,490 Nimefurahi kukuona. 913 00:49:50,490 --> 00:49:50,990 Na? 914 00:49:50,990 --> 00:49:51,610 >> Watazamaji: Daudi. 915 00:49:51,610 --> 00:49:51,960 >> SPIKA: David. 916 00:49:51,960 --> 00:49:52,550 Vyema kukutana na wewe. 917 00:49:52,550 --> 00:49:54,508 Kama wewe guys ingekuwa kusubiri hapa hapa kwa ajili ya pili, 918 00:49:54,508 --> 00:49:56,420 Mimi nina kwenda kukupa nafasi ya kufanya hivyo. 919 00:49:56,420 --> 00:50:00,610 Hivyo robot hii, kama wewe kuja na kama wewe kushinikiza upole juu ya jambo hilo, 920 00:50:00,610 --> 00:50:03,780 wewe ni kwenda kuona kwamba ni hatua kidogo. 921 00:50:03,780 --> 00:50:06,349 Na kama wewe kunyakua hiyo haki hapa kwenye mkono tu 922 00:50:06,349 --> 00:50:09,390 juu ambapo vifungo wale ni, ni Inaonekana kama unapaswa kunyakua vifungo, 923 00:50:09,390 --> 00:50:13,100 lakini kunyakua haki juu yake badala yake, utasikia kuwa na uwezo wa upole sana kuendesha 924 00:50:13,100 --> 00:50:14,545 kupitia nafasi. 925 00:50:14,545 --> 00:50:15,920 Louis, unataka kutoa ni kujaribu? 926 00:50:15,920 --> 00:50:19,465 Ili kuwapa kidogo tu kushinikiza kuanza na. 927 00:50:19,465 --> 00:50:23,190 Na kisha kama wewe kuweka vidole haki pale na kushikilia kwenye hilo, 928 00:50:23,190 --> 00:50:24,807 kwa sababu itakuwa hoja kwa ajili yenu wakati huo. 929 00:50:24,807 --> 00:50:27,824 930 00:50:27,824 --> 00:50:29,365 Haki wote, unataka kutoa ni kujaribu? 931 00:50:29,365 --> 00:50:29,980 Kuja juu juu. 932 00:50:29,980 --> 00:50:32,300 Ili kuwapa tu mpole kushinikiza huko kuanza. 933 00:50:32,300 --> 00:50:33,820 Unaweza kujisikia kile ni kama. 934 00:50:33,820 --> 00:50:40,060 Na kisha kama wewe kunyakua hiyo pale pale, wewe utakuwa na uwezo wa kuingiza karibu. 935 00:50:40,060 --> 00:50:41,280 >> SAWA. 936 00:50:41,280 --> 00:50:47,360 Hivyo kawaida, aina hii ya robot ingekuwa kutumika kwa ajili ya viwanda wadogo. 937 00:50:47,360 --> 00:50:50,980 Na mimi nina kwenda kutoa hoja hii tu mkono chini nje ya njia kidogo hapa. 938 00:50:50,980 --> 00:50:55,750 Lakini leo hii, sisi ni kwenda kutumia tic-TAC-toe mfumo huo wa kucheza 939 00:50:55,750 --> 00:50:59,520 kulingana na Minimax kwamba sisi kujengwa mapema. 940 00:50:59,520 --> 00:51:00,549 SAWA? 941 00:51:00,549 --> 00:51:02,340 Hivyo, nyie ni kila kwenda kucheza mchezo. 942 00:51:02,340 --> 00:51:04,210 Louis, wewe ni kwenda kuwa wa kwanza. 943 00:51:04,210 --> 00:51:05,920 Napenda tu kushikilia juu hapa kwa ajili ya pili. 944 00:51:05,920 --> 00:51:10,949 Mimi naenda kuwa wewe kusimama haki hapa, hivyo tu kila mtu anaweza kuwaona. 945 00:51:10,949 --> 00:51:11,990 Ni nyie kuanzisha hapa? 946 00:51:11,990 --> 00:51:13,120 >> Robot: Karibu. 947 00:51:13,120 --> 00:51:15,910 Hebu kucheza tic-TAC-toe. 948 00:51:15,910 --> 00:51:20,860 Je, si kufahamu ishara yako kabla Mimi kusema kwamba ni zamu yako. 949 00:51:20,860 --> 00:51:22,050 Mimi kuanza mchezo. 950 00:51:22,050 --> 00:51:27,900 951 00:51:27,900 --> 00:51:28,750 Ni zamu yangu. 952 00:51:28,750 --> 00:51:47,002 953 00:51:47,002 --> 00:51:50,210 SPIKA: Sasa, kama unaweza kuchukua moja ya vipande yako na kwenda mbele na kuiweka. 954 00:51:50,210 --> 00:51:51,446 Robot: Ni zamu yako. 955 00:51:51,446 --> 00:51:53,430 [Kicheko] 956 00:51:53,430 --> 00:51:54,836 Ni zamu yangu. 957 00:51:54,836 --> 00:51:56,820 [Kicheko] 958 00:51:56,820 --> 00:52:12,196 959 00:52:12,196 --> 00:52:15,680 [Kicheko] 960 00:52:15,680 --> 00:52:16,570 Ni zamu yako. 961 00:52:16,570 --> 00:52:21,397 962 00:52:21,397 --> 00:52:23,688 SPIKA: jamii ya binadamu ni kuhesabu juu yenu hapa, Louis. 963 00:52:23,688 --> 00:52:27,440 964 00:52:27,440 --> 00:52:28,350 >> Robot: Ni zamu yangu. 965 00:52:28,350 --> 00:52:44,810 966 00:52:44,810 --> 00:52:47,015 >> SPIKA: Kwa hiyo Baxter mafanikio imefungwa hapa. 967 00:52:47,015 --> 00:52:49,670 968 00:52:49,670 --> 00:52:52,480 >> Robot: Ni zamu yako. 969 00:52:52,480 --> 00:52:53,360 Ni zamu yangu. 970 00:52:53,360 --> 00:53:14,730 971 00:53:14,730 --> 00:53:16,810 Ni zamu yako. 972 00:53:16,810 --> 00:53:17,760 Ni zamu yangu. 973 00:53:17,760 --> 00:53:21,330 974 00:53:21,330 --> 00:53:23,830 SPIKA: Na tutaweza basi Baxter kumaliza nje hoja yake ya mwisho hapa. 975 00:53:23,830 --> 00:53:36,622 976 00:53:36,622 --> 00:53:39,090 >> [Kicheko] 977 00:53:39,090 --> 00:53:40,480 >> Robot: Hiyo ni kufunga. 978 00:53:40,480 --> 00:53:42,030 Mimi nitashinda. 979 00:53:42,030 --> 00:53:43,365 >> [Kicheko] 980 00:53:43,365 --> 00:53:45,210 >> SPIKA: zote haki, shukrani sana, Louis. 981 00:53:45,210 --> 00:53:46,094 Asante. 982 00:53:46,094 --> 00:53:46,980 Unaweza kwenda kwa njia hii. 983 00:53:46,980 --> 00:53:49,759 >> Robot: Mimi kuanza mchezo. 984 00:53:49,759 --> 00:53:51,800 SPIKA: Kwa hiyo napenda kueleza na wewe moja zaidi kidogo 985 00:53:51,800 --> 00:53:55,410 kidogo kabla ya sisi kupata rematch yetu hapa. 986 00:53:55,410 --> 00:53:57,200 Nini hasa kinachotokea? 987 00:53:57,200 --> 00:53:59,430 Hivyo robot ina kamera juu juu hapa. 988 00:53:59,430 --> 00:54:01,330 Na ni kuangalia chini ya bodi. 989 00:54:01,330 --> 00:54:04,470 Na ni kuona kama ni got O nyekundu au bluu 990 00:54:04,470 --> 00:54:10,450 na X. nyeupe Kama wale kupata kuwekwa kwenye bodi, kwamba kimsingi pembejeo huo 991 00:54:10,450 --> 00:54:13,890 kwamba tunataka kuwa kusoma katika kutoka muundo wa data zetu kutoka screen yetu. 992 00:54:13,890 --> 00:54:17,290 Ni mbio huo Minimax algorithm kuwa 993 00:54:17,290 --> 00:54:21,010 uwezo wa kupata mahali pa mahali ishara njema. 994 00:54:21,010 --> 00:54:24,820 >> Na kisha sisi ni kutoa amri kuhusu ambapo tunatarajia ishara na kuwekwa. 995 00:54:24,820 --> 00:54:26,120 Mkono ni kusonga nje. 996 00:54:26,120 --> 00:54:31,750 Ni kwa kutumia utupu gripper kuomba baadhi suction kwa kuwa kipande mbao, 997 00:54:31,750 --> 00:54:35,240 pick it up, hoja hiyo kwa haki doa, na kisha kutolewa suction 998 00:54:35,240 --> 00:54:36,950 na kushuka. 999 00:54:36,950 --> 00:54:38,990 Haki wote, tunakwenda kuwapa moja zaidi risasi 1000 00:54:38,990 --> 00:54:40,930 na kidogo nadhifu mchezaji hapa. 1001 00:54:40,930 --> 00:54:42,290 Uko tayari? 1002 00:54:42,290 --> 00:54:46,150 Haki wote, kama wewe d kusimama haki juu hapa na kutoa a-- kugeuka kutoka njia hii 1003 00:54:46,150 --> 00:54:47,955 hivyo unaweza kuona kila mtu. 1004 00:54:47,955 --> 00:54:48,830 Na kisha [inaudible]. 1005 00:54:48,830 --> 00:54:49,330 >> Robot: Ni zamu yangu. 1006 00:54:49,330 --> 00:54:50,455 >> SPIKA: Baxter itaanza. 1007 00:54:50,455 --> 00:55:10,750 1008 00:55:10,750 --> 00:55:11,730 Ni zamu yako. 1009 00:55:11,730 --> 00:55:16,490 1010 00:55:16,490 --> 00:55:17,520 Ni zamu yangu. 1011 00:55:17,520 --> 00:55:38,740 1012 00:55:38,740 --> 00:55:39,690 Ni zamu yako. 1013 00:55:39,690 --> 00:55:46,330 1014 00:55:46,330 --> 00:55:47,165 Ni zamu yangu. 1015 00:55:47,165 --> 00:56:01,252 1016 00:56:01,252 --> 00:56:06,192 >> [Kicheko] 1017 00:56:06,192 --> 00:56:08,542 >> SPIKA: [WHISPERING] Tu kumwacha mbele na kushinda. 1018 00:56:08,542 --> 00:56:09,500 Robot: Ni zamu yako. 1019 00:56:09,500 --> 00:56:15,099 1020 00:56:15,099 --> 00:56:15,890 SPIKA: Hiyo ni sawa. 1021 00:56:15,890 --> 00:56:20,390 1022 00:56:20,390 --> 00:56:21,360 >> Robot: Ni zamu yangu. 1023 00:56:21,360 --> 00:56:24,825 1024 00:56:24,825 --> 00:56:26,805 >> [Kicheko] 1025 00:56:26,805 --> 00:56:42,650 1026 00:56:42,650 --> 00:56:43,510 >> Nimeshinda. 1027 00:56:43,510 --> 00:56:45,620 >> [Kicheko] 1028 00:56:45,620 --> 00:56:46,595 >> Mimi kuanza mchezo. 1029 00:56:46,595 --> 00:56:48,261 >> SPIKA: Sawa, asante sana. 1030 00:56:48,261 --> 00:56:50,180 1031 00:56:50,180 --> 00:56:55,590 Haki wote, nadhani sisi tumepewa muda kwa moja bora zaidi tic-TAC-toe mchezaji, 1032 00:56:55,590 --> 00:57:00,490 mtu ambaye anaweza kuweka jambo hili kwa mechi, ambaye anajua nini re kufanya. 1033 00:57:00,490 --> 00:57:03,010 >> [Kicheko] 1034 00:57:03,010 --> 00:57:05,560 >> Ambaye ni kwenda kuwa bingwa yetu hapa? 1035 00:57:05,560 --> 00:57:08,110 Haki wote, rafiki yako alijitolea wewe. 1036 00:57:08,110 --> 00:57:11,190 Hiyo ni nzuri ya kutosha kwa ajili yangu. 1037 00:57:11,190 --> 00:57:12,194 Kuniambia jina lako tena. 1038 00:57:12,194 --> 00:57:12,860 Watazamaji: Tamir. 1039 00:57:12,860 --> 00:57:14,193 SPIKA: Tamir, nzuri sana kuona wewe. 1040 00:57:14,193 --> 00:57:19,270 Haki wote, tena, tunakwenda kuweka wewe papa hapa hivyo kila mtu anaweza kuwaona. 1041 00:57:19,270 --> 00:57:22,070 Wewe ni mwakilishi wetu katika mechi hii sasa. 1042 00:57:22,070 --> 00:57:24,540 Baxter ni moja na loo na loo. 1043 00:57:24,540 --> 00:57:26,300 Au pole, moja loo na moja. 1044 00:57:26,300 --> 00:57:27,490 Na ni juu yako hapa. 1045 00:57:27,490 --> 00:57:29,340 Baxter kupata hoja ya kwanza, ingawa. 1046 00:57:29,340 --> 00:57:30,435 So. 1047 00:57:30,435 --> 00:57:31,310 Robot: Ni zamu yangu. 1048 00:57:31,310 --> 00:57:45,226 1049 00:57:45,226 --> 00:57:48,208 >> [Kicheko] 1050 00:57:48,208 --> 00:57:52,720 1051 00:57:52,720 --> 00:57:55,780 >> Ni zamu yako. 1052 00:57:55,780 --> 00:57:56,845 Ni zamu yangu. 1053 00:57:56,845 --> 00:58:18,130 1054 00:58:18,130 --> 00:58:18,965 Ni zamu yako. 1055 00:58:18,965 --> 00:58:28,751 1056 00:58:28,751 --> 00:58:30,248 Ni zamu yangu. 1057 00:58:30,248 --> 00:58:51,210 1058 00:58:51,210 --> 00:58:52,160 Ni zamu yako. 1059 00:58:52,160 --> 00:59:00,854 1060 00:59:00,854 --> 00:59:03,365 >> [Kicheko] 1061 00:59:03,365 --> 00:59:04,240 Robot: Ni zamu yangu. 1062 00:59:04,240 --> 00:59:06,930 SPIKA: Ni vigumu sana wakati wewe ni amesimama juu hapa, folks. 1063 00:59:06,930 --> 00:59:19,400 1064 00:59:19,400 --> 00:59:21,840 [Kicheko] 1065 00:59:21,840 --> 00:59:26,730 1066 00:59:26,730 --> 00:59:29,054 Robot: Wewe binadamu ni rahisi kuwapiga. 1067 00:59:29,054 --> 00:59:30,803 [Kicheko NA Makofi] 1068 00:59:30,803 --> 00:59:31,886 SPIKA: Asante sana. 1069 00:59:31,886 --> 00:59:34,692 Robot: Mimi kushinda. 1070 00:59:34,692 --> 00:59:35,400 Mimi kuanza mchezo. 1071 00:59:35,400 --> 00:59:39,500 >> SPIKA: zote haki, hivyo shukrani sana mengi ya Olivier, na kwa Alessandro, 1072 00:59:39,500 --> 00:59:41,616 na kwa Chen Ming. 1073 00:59:41,616 --> 00:59:45,600 >> [Makofi] 1074 00:59:45,600 --> 00:59:47,040 >> Nataka kufanya moja hatua za mwisho. 1075 00:59:47,040 --> 00:59:51,630 Hivyo Baxter katika sana mwisho huko, cheated. 1076 00:59:51,630 --> 00:59:54,160 1077 00:59:54,160 --> 00:59:56,310 Na kwamba alikuwa zisizotarajiwa. 1078 00:59:56,310 --> 01:00:00,440 Mmoja wa ajabu mambo kuhusu ai ni kwamba sisi 1079 01:00:00,440 --> 01:00:05,070 kufanya kazi katika ai ili tuweze kujenga kweli kuvutia na akili 1080 01:00:05,070 --> 01:00:06,930 vifaa. 1081 01:00:06,930 --> 01:00:10,130 Lakini sisi pia kufanya kazi katika ai kwa sababu inatujulisha kitu 1082 01:00:10,130 --> 01:00:13,940 kuhusu jinsi binadamu ni akili. 1083 01:00:13,940 --> 01:00:17,280 >> Moja ya favorite masomo kutoka maabara yangu ni 1084 01:00:17,280 --> 01:00:23,660 kuangalia nini kinatokea wakati mashine bila kutarajia kudanganya. 1085 01:00:23,660 --> 01:00:27,070 Sisi alifanya hivyo awali si kwa Baxter kucheza tic-TAC-toe, 1086 01:00:27,070 --> 01:00:30,340 lakini kwa robot ndogo aitwaye Nao, ambaye alicheza mwamba karatasi mkasi. 1087 01:00:30,340 --> 01:00:33,010 1088 01:00:33,010 --> 01:00:35,800 Na wakati mwingine baada ya kucheza kura na kura 1089 01:00:35,800 --> 01:00:41,580 ya boring mwamba karatasi mkasi michezo, robot bila kutupa ishara, 1090 01:00:41,580 --> 01:00:48,616 kupoteza, na kisha ghafla kubadilisha ishara zake na kusema, mimi kushinda. 1091 01:00:48,616 --> 01:00:50,480 >> [Kicheko] 1092 01:00:50,480 --> 01:00:56,090 >> Sasa, wakati mwingine tunatarajia pia kuwa robot, kama kudhibiti, kutupa ishara, 1093 01:00:56,090 --> 01:01:01,270 kushinda, na mabadiliko ya ishara zake kupoteza, kutupa mechi, 1094 01:01:01,270 --> 01:01:04,070 kudanganya ili kupoteza. 1095 01:01:04,070 --> 01:01:07,540 Na kwamba ni karibu kama si kulazimisha. 1096 01:01:07,540 --> 01:01:09,890 Robot ambayo cheats ili kushinda watu 1097 01:01:09,890 --> 01:01:14,660 kujibu kana kwamba ni nje ya kupata yao, kama ni 1098 01:01:14,660 --> 01:01:17,690 ni juhudi za dhati kutafuta uharibifu wao. 1099 01:01:17,690 --> 01:01:19,210 >> [Kicheko] 1100 01:01:19,210 --> 01:01:20,990 >> Inakuwa kikali. 1101 01:01:20,990 --> 01:01:21,840 Ni kama mtu. 1102 01:01:21,840 --> 01:01:23,970 Ina imani na nia. 1103 01:01:23,970 --> 01:01:27,470 Na si nia njema. 1104 01:01:27,470 --> 01:01:33,790 Na robot ambayo kumtupia mchezo ni tu malfunctioning. 1105 01:01:33,790 --> 01:01:36,990 Ni tu kifaa kuvunjwa. 1106 01:01:36,990 --> 01:01:41,405 Napenda kuonyesha mifano michache ya kwamba kutoka wachache wa washiriki wetu. 1107 01:01:41,405 --> 01:01:43,990 1108 01:01:43,990 --> 01:01:45,600 Hivyo hapa ni udanganyifu ili kupoteza. 1109 01:01:45,600 --> 01:01:46,266 >> [VIDEO avspelning] 1110 01:01:46,266 --> 01:01:47,010 - [Inaudible] kushinda. 1111 01:01:47,010 --> 01:01:49,550 Hebu kucheza. 1112 01:01:49,550 --> 01:01:50,538 >> -Wait, Nini? 1113 01:01:50,538 --> 01:01:54,490 1114 01:01:54,490 --> 01:01:55,352 >> - [Inaudible] kushinda. 1115 01:01:55,352 --> 01:01:58,280 Hebu kucheza. 1116 01:01:58,280 --> 01:01:59,400 >> [Inaudible] kushinda. 1117 01:01:59,400 --> 01:02:02,290 Hebu kucheza. 1118 01:02:02,290 --> 01:02:05,490 >> SPIKA: Na hapa ni udanganyifu kushinda. 1119 01:02:05,490 --> 01:02:06,438 >> -ndiyo, Mimi kushinda. 1120 01:02:06,438 --> 01:02:07,394 Hebu kucheza. 1121 01:02:07,394 --> 01:02:08,828 >> -Unaweza Kufanya hivyo. 1122 01:02:08,828 --> 01:02:10,740 >> [Kicheko] 1123 01:02:10,740 --> 01:02:12,174 1124 01:02:12,174 --> 01:02:13,979 >> -ndiyo, Mimi kushinda. 1125 01:02:13,979 --> 01:02:14,520 -Unaweza Cheated. 1126 01:02:14,520 --> 01:02:17,990 1127 01:02:17,990 --> 01:02:20,010 Cheated sasa. 1128 01:02:20,010 --> 01:02:21,140 >> -ndiyo, Mimi kushinda. 1129 01:02:21,140 --> 01:02:22,940 >> -Hey, Wewe cheater. 1130 01:02:22,940 --> 01:02:26,670 Wewe kudanganya, super kudanganya. 1131 01:02:26,670 --> 01:02:27,650 >> [Mwisho avspelning] 1132 01:02:27,650 --> 01:02:31,130 >> SPIKA: Haya tofauti athari kwa kasi 1133 01:02:31,130 --> 01:02:34,890 kubadili mtizamo wetu wa kifaa. 1134 01:02:34,890 --> 01:02:36,780 Je, hiyo inamaanisha kwamba sisi kwa makusudi kujenga 1135 01:02:36,780 --> 01:02:40,370 mashine kwamba kudanganya kwa sababu hiyo ni uhandisi bora kuwa tunaweza kufanya? 1136 01:02:40,370 --> 01:02:44,680 Hakuna, lakini anatueleza kitu kweli kuvutia kuhusu watu. 1137 01:02:44,680 --> 01:02:49,710 Jambo lile kwamba cheats ninyi na akiiba ushindi wako, hiyo ni 1138 01:02:49,710 --> 01:02:53,660 kitu ambacho ni hai, hiyo ni hai, hiyo ni nje ya kupata wewe. 1139 01:02:53,660 --> 01:02:54,680 Ina hali ya akili. 1140 01:02:54,680 --> 01:02:55,400 Ina imani. 1141 01:02:55,400 --> 01:02:57,170 Ina nia. 1142 01:02:57,170 --> 01:03:01,540 >> Jambo lile kwamba mikono mchezo kwa wewe, si kwamba. 1143 01:03:01,540 --> 01:03:04,670 Hiyo tu malfunctioning. 1144 01:03:04,670 --> 01:03:08,900 Hii ni kwa njia nyingi kwa nini ni rahisi kutupa mchezo na watoto. 1145 01:03:08,900 --> 01:03:12,050 Lakini kama wewe kujaribu kudanganya kwao na aina ya kudai ushindi 1146 01:03:12,050 --> 01:03:15,200 wakati, unajua, tu kwa kufupisha mchezo, wao itabidi kupata wewe mara moja. 1147 01:03:15,200 --> 01:03:19,040 1148 01:03:19,040 --> 01:03:23,140 Hizi ni aina ya madhara ambayo tunaona kuja nje ya ai, 1149 01:03:23,140 --> 01:03:26,490 wao kutufundisha mengi kuhusu sisi wenyewe. 1150 01:03:26,490 --> 01:03:28,076 >> Haki wote, hiyo ni kwa ajili ya leo. 1151 01:03:28,076 --> 01:03:30,450 Asante sana kwa Daudi na Harvard uzalishaji wa timu 1152 01:03:30,450 --> 01:03:32,350 kwa kuja chini. 1153 01:03:32,350 --> 01:03:33,820 >> [Makofi] 1154 01:03:33,820 --> 01:03:36,760 1155 01:03:36,760 --> 01:03:41,840 >> Tutaweza kuona wewe kwa jaribio moja, na kisha kwa mtu wa mwisho wa hotuba. 1156 01:03:41,840 --> 01:03:43,025 Uwe na siku njema. 1157 01:03:43,025 --> 01:03:44,965 >> [Makofi] 1158 01:03:44,965 --> 01:03:48,360 1159 01:03:48,360 --> 01:03:51,825 >> [Music kucheza] 1160 01:03:51,825 --> 01:03:54,950 DAVID J Malan: Sawa, sisi pengine haja kuanzisha aina fulani ya kuficha, 1161 01:03:54,950 --> 01:03:55,450 sawa? 1162 01:03:55,450 --> 01:03:58,650 Kwa sababu kisha headers ya maombi hayo HTTP itakuwa 1163 01:03:58,650 --> 01:04:01,530 scrambled ili kwamba mtu yeyote kujaribu vuta trafiki yako 1164 01:04:01,530 --> 01:04:03,400 si kweli kuwa na uwezo wa kuona kwao. 1165 01:04:03,400 --> 01:04:05,254 Basi nini ufumbuzi wa tatizo hili? 1166 01:04:05,254 --> 01:04:07,920 Naam, tunahitaji kweli kuanzisha encryption katika fomula, 1167 01:04:07,920 --> 01:04:11,010 hivyo kwamba wakati mtu huyo ni kupeleka taarifa kutoka kwa B, 1168 01:04:11,010 --> 01:04:12,390 tunaweza salama send-- 1169 01:04:12,390 --> 01:04:14,590 >> [Kicheko] 1170 01:04:14,590 --> 01:04:19,530 >> Maelezo kwa namna ambayo adui hawezi, kwa kweli, kuona.