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00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,916

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00:00:02,916 --> 00:00:04,860
>> [Music kucheza]

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00:00:10,210 --> 00:00:13,350
>> DAVID Malan: Hii ni CS50, na
huu ni mwanzo wa wiki nane.

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00:00:13,350 --> 00:00:17,510
Na sisi ni hivyo msisimko na kuwakaribisha
nyuma, mshangao mkubwa, CS50 Ramon mwenyewe

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Galvan, mwandamizi kupanda ambaye amekuwa
kutumia miezi kadhaa iliyopita

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tangu Julai katika LA, katika Anime,
halisi kazi ya bidhaa mpya TV

8
00:00:26,190 --> 00:00:31,930
show inayoitwa Colony, Muumba wa ambayo
ni kweli Harvard alum mwenyewe.

9
00:00:31,930 --> 00:00:36,610
Na hivyo sisi ni msisimko sana kuona hii
kwanza kwenye mtandao United huu Januari.

10
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Hivyo kukaa tuned kwa kuwa, na kwa
Ramon zaidi kwa muda wa wiki ijayo.

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>> Kujua sasa kwamba mwisho uko karibu.

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Na nini maana ya hii ni kwamba kuna si
mengi yote kushoto ya CS50, kusikitisha kusema.

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Tuna tatu tu tatizo
seti left-- kuna

14
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tatizo kuweka six-- ambayo ni katika
mikono yako sasa au hivi karibuni itakuwa,

15
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kutokana baadaye hii week-- ni maana ya kuziba
dunia yetu ya mstari amri, ambapo

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tumekuwa alitumia zaidi ya muda wetu kwa kutumia
C, na dunia ya programu ya mtandao.

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Vizuri, utaona mengi ya mawazo
alikopa kutoka mstari amri kazi,

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lakini pia mengi ya mpya
na mawazo ya kuvutia

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ambazo pia kwenda kuwa germane kwa
maombi ya simu na kwa teknolojia,

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ujumla zaidi, na ambayo
guys wote ni ukoo siku hizi

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juu ya Laptops na simu na kadhalika.

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>> Hivyo itabidi kutekeleza si
ukurasa wa mtandao, au tovuti

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per se, lakini halisi mtandao wa kompyuta.

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Utakuwa kuandika mapumziko ya mtandao wa kompyuta
imeandikwa katika C, ambao lengo katika maisha

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ni kupokea maombi HTTP, wale
bahasha virtual sisi kuendelea kuongea

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kuhusu, na kwa kweli kujibu ama kwa
content-- baadhi tuli kama nukta HTML

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file, au nukta JPEG au
idadi nyingine yoyote ya mafaili,

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au hata PHP faili ambapo mtandao wako
server ni kwenda kutafsiri kwamba PHP

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kanuni na mate nje ya matokeo.

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Sasa, tumekuwa zinazotolewa kwa
kidogo kabisa ya mfumo

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kwa kweli it--
usambazaji kificho kwa tatizo

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kuweka sita ni zaidi ya 1,000 mistari ya muda mrefu, a
mengi ambayo ni ya maoni, kuwa fair--

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lakini hii ni kweli maana
kuwa fursa

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kupata mikono yako chafu mbizi
ndani ya mradi haki kubwa

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kwamba tumekuwa hasa sana
kuchonga nje vipande vya kwa ajili yenu,

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hivyo kwamba kweli wakati wewe exit CS50 na
kuingia ulimwengu wa kweli wa programu

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na wanataka dabble katika
idadi yoyote ya miradi,

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itabidi kubwa sana
faraja kushusha chanzo baadhi

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kanuni, baadhi chanzo wazi
mradi kwenye mtandao,

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na mbizi katika na maamuzi
mabadiliko ambayo unaweza kuona inafaa.

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Tatizo kuweka saba ni kwenda kuwa juu
kufanya mtandao msingi maombi yako mwenyewe

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kwamba inachukua pembejeo nguvu na
inazalisha pato nguvu katika fomu

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ya tovuti etrade.com-kama.

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Na tatizo kuweka nane italenga bado
lugha nyingine inayojulikana kama JavaScript.

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>> Wakati huo huo, mwisho
mradi ni juu ya upeo wa macho.

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Kinachojulikana kabla pendekezo-
ni kutokana wiki kuanzia leo.

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00:02:26,800 --> 00:02:29,930
Kabla ya proposal-- kwa vipimo,
ambayo ni juu ya website-- CS50

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ni fursa mzuri kawaida kwa
wewe kutuma barua pepe pretty succinct

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kwa mafundisho wenzako
tu ndio mnamfundisha yake

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au wake wa kile unachokifikiria, kwa
kutumia kwake kama bodi sounding.

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Na kuwa na akili timamu check--
kama wewe ni kufikiri

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kuhusu kuuma mbali mno
mengi au labda kidogo sana,

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au labda wewe huna wazo lo lote
na wanataka kushiriki katika mazungumzo.

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>> Baada ya hapo ni pendekezo
na ripoti ya hali,

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kinachojulikana CS50 hackathon hapa katika
Cambridge kwa Harvard na Yale wanafunzi

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sawa.

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Mradi wa mwisho wa
utekelezaji ni basi kutokana.

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Na kisha CS50 haki hapa, Cambridge,
kama vile mwingine katika New Haven.

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Hivyo pendekezo, tuangalie
tovuti kwa maelezo hayo.

60
00:03:02,500 --> 00:03:06,530
>> Lakini zaidi excitingly, pia, ni
fursa ya kupata mikono yako chafu,

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na akili yako wazi kwa wote
rundo la mada na zana

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na mbinu kwamba ni ancillary
msingi mtaala kozi,

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lakini hata hivyo kuhusiana.

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Na pia mawe wanazidi ajabu kwa
kufanya miradi ya kweli ya baridi ya mwisho kwamba

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kwenda vizuri zaidi nyenzo tumekuwa kufunikwa
rasmi katika tatizo seti au katika hotuba.

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Hivyo kwenda kwenye tovuti CS50 kwa
orodha ya majina yote ya semina.

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Kama huna kujiandikisha bado, hiyo ni nzuri.

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Kwenda mbele na ishara ya juu bado na sisi
kufuatilia kwa kuishi Streaming kiungo,

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siku na wakati ni kwenye tovuti.

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Na kila kitu kitakuwa
kumbukumbu na kuweka online

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kama huwezi kufanya
siku fulani na nyakati.

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>> Kama kwa kile uongo mbele thereafter-- vizuri,
bila shaka, kuna CS50 hackathon.

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Hii picha, kukumbuka, kutoka wiki sifuri kuchukuliwa
karibu 04:00 jioni moja katika miaka ya nyuma.

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CS50 haki, ambayo tena
utafanyika katika miji yote miwili.

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Na kisha, tu kupanda
mbegu, hata kama sisi bado

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na mwezi pamoja kushoto ya muhula, ikiwa
Ningependa kujiunga na ualimu CS50 ya mwenyewe

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wafanyakazi, na unataka kuanza
kufikiria kuwa na CA,

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au mafundisho wenzake, tunajua kwamba
tutaweza kuanza kuzungumza zaidi juu ya hilo

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baadaye muhula huu.

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00:04:00,630 --> 00:04:03,470
Lakini pichani hapa ni
zaidi ya timu mwaka huu.

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>> Na hivyo, PHP-- na mimi nilikuwa na huzuni
wiki iliyopita kuwa [? Allyse?] Huruma

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alikwenda juhudi za kupata
sisi props haya ya ajabu

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kwamba sikuwa kuishia kutumia, hivyo
kweli tu inaonekana aina ya kijinga

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kwamba tulikuwa na koleo ameketi hapa zote
Siku ya mwisho ya Jumatano, na kijiko kidogo.

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00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:17,709
Lakini hii ilikuwa metaphoric yangu
njia ya kujaribu kuchora

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picha ya nini sisi ni kipindi cha mpito
kutoka C kwa lugha kama PHP.

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Na hiyo inaweza kuwa alisema ya yoyote
idadi ya languages-- Java, Python, Ruby

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au mashada ya others-- lakini ambapo katika
C Kwa mfano, kuandika mpango katika C

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inaweza kuwa kama kawaida
kuchukua kijiko kama hii

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na kuchimba shimo katika
ardhi, katika mchanga au uchafu.

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00:04:36,770 --> 00:04:39,770
PHP utapata kuchukua mengi
kuumwa kubwa nje ya tatizo,

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kuandika mbali kidogo kificho
kutumia chombo mbali kidogo,

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kwa sababu kuna mambo mengi zaidi
utendaji pieced katika.

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>> Sasa, kama kweli tulikuwa makubwa,
tunatarajia kuwa na kitu cha koleo

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hapa, lakini na iwe hivyo.

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00:04:48,760 --> 00:04:51,370
Wakati huo huo, wengine
mfano sisi kuja na

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Ni, bila shaka, wewe naweza
kutumia kitu kama bisibisi

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nyundo katika kitu kama msumari.

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Lakini bila shaka, haki
chombo cha matumizi ni kwenda

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kuwa si sana
lugha inayoitwa C--

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na sasa mimi tu annoyed
[? Sanders,?] Pengine,

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tutaweza kurekebisha kwamba later-- hivyo
chombo haki ya kutumia mara nyingi

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si kwenda kuwa
hii ngazi ya chini kabisa chombo.

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Na hakika, C ni si lugha ambayo
zaidi ya wewe ni milele kwenda kutumia,

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00:05:13,720 --> 00:05:15,590
au lazima lazima kutumia tena.

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>> Na kwa kweli, kidogo
secret-- wakati tu

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Mimi kutumia C mwenyewe ni kiasi pretty kati ya
Septemba na Desemba ya kila kuanguka

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muhula.

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Na hiyo ndiyo sababu sisi
kuitumia kama nafasi

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kufundisha misingi
ya programu,

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na kwa kuwa kompyuta
misingi ya sayansi, takwimu

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miundo, na algorithms
like-- lakini kwa haraka sana je

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kuona sasa kwamba syntax
na mawazo ya msingi C

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ni hivyo ajabu
kuhamishwa kwa zaidi ya kisasa

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Lugha ngazi za juu, kama
PHP na Chatu na Perl na Java

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na Lengo-C-- kweli, hata kiasi
Lengo-C-- lakini Swift, hizi karibu zaidi

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Lugha kwamba wengi wenu mapenzi
kisha dabble na wewe mradi wa mwisho.

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>> Hivyo bila wasiwasi zaidi, hebu kweli
kutumia PHP kutatua baadhi ya matatizo.

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Kumbuka kwamba mapema, mwisho
wiki, sisi tu kutumika CS50 IDE,

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tuliandika Dinky mpango kidogo
kwamba alisema tu, "Jambo dunia."

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Na kisha mimi kuokolewa katika
faili inayoitwa hello.php.

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Na kisha mimi mbio amri hii.

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>> Na kwa nini?

124
00:06:08,080 --> 00:06:09,900
Katika lugha ya Kiingereza, nini kinaendelea hapa?

125
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Nini mimi kufanya wakati
Mimi mbio amri hii?

126
00:06:12,760 --> 00:06:13,405
>> Yeah?

127
00:06:13,405 --> 00:06:16,572
>> Watazamaji: Kuna baadhi ya PHP kazi
kwamba anasoma nini in-- anaelewa kuwa.

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DAVID Malan: Mwema, kuna baadhi ya kazi
PHP-- na napenda kuwa maalumu zaidi,

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kuna programu inayoitwa PHP, a.k.a.

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Mkalimani, kwamba anaelewa
yaliyomo ya hello.php,

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na anatafsiri yake juu ya
chini, kushoto na kulia,

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na anafanya nini amri hizo kusema.

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Amri katika hello.php, bila shaka,
ni chanzo tu kazi code--

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na vigezo na mizunguko na
kama, kwamba sisi wenyewe

135
00:06:35,750 --> 00:06:37,460
wameanza kuandika katika PHP.

136
00:06:37,460 --> 00:06:40,240
>> Lakini tofauti na C, ambayo ni
Lugha ulioandaliwa,

137
00:06:40,240 --> 00:06:42,810
PHP wewe tu kuandika, na kukimbia nayo.

138
00:06:42,810 --> 00:06:46,420
Wewe ruka kwamba middleman hatua ya
kuwageuza kwa zeros na ndio,

139
00:06:46,420 --> 00:06:47,790
na kisha mbio hiyo.

140
00:06:47,790 --> 00:06:50,510
Na hivyo ni suala la mafanikio ya hii nini?

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00:06:50,510 --> 00:06:52,690
Kwa nini sisi kuruka hatua?

142
00:06:52,690 --> 00:06:55,238
Kwa nini lugha ya kisasa zaidi
huwa na ruka hatua hii?

143
00:06:55,238 --> 00:06:58,880

144
00:06:58,880 --> 00:07:01,220
Ilikuwa faida gani?

145
00:07:01,220 --> 00:07:02,080
>> Au tu intuitively?

146
00:07:02,080 --> 00:07:04,200
Hata kama tumekuwa si
Imeandikwa PHP gani kabla,

147
00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:07,210
nini manufaa kuhusu si
kuandaa kanuni yako unafikiri?

148
00:07:07,210 --> 00:07:08,520
Hakuna?

149
00:07:08,520 --> 00:07:09,610
Si kutenda?

150
00:07:09,610 --> 00:07:11,350
Scratching kichwa yako?

151
00:07:11,350 --> 00:07:12,614
Naam.

152
00:07:12,614 --> 00:07:13,600
>> Watazamaji: Zaidi ya nguvu.

153
00:07:13,600 --> 00:07:14,683
>> DAVID Malan: Zaidi ya nguvu?

154
00:07:14,683 --> 00:07:16,032
Una maanisha nini?

155
00:07:16,032 --> 00:07:17,000
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

156
00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:20,349

157
00:07:20,349 --> 00:07:22,390
DAVID Malan: Sawa, nzuri, hivyo
kutegemea pembejeo,

158
00:07:22,390 --> 00:07:23,470
huna kukusanya yake kila wakati.

159
00:07:23,470 --> 00:07:24,990
Na kwa kweli ni kama
rahisi kama that-- nini

160
00:07:24,990 --> 00:07:26,990
ni hatua ya kuendelea
kukusanya kanuni yako?

161
00:07:26,990 --> 00:07:29,480
Hii ni hatua ya hiyo ni
making-- hii ni wanaohitaji,

162
00:07:29,480 --> 00:07:31,900
kwa kadhaa iliyopita
wiki, hatua mara mbili kama wengi

163
00:07:31,900 --> 00:07:33,820
kama tu kuendesha programu yako.

164
00:07:33,820 --> 00:07:36,940
Imekuwa ni muhimu katika kuona kwamba
kuona ujumbe baadhi makosa na kadhalika,

165
00:07:36,940 --> 00:07:38,720
lakini bado ni hatua ya annoying.

166
00:07:38,720 --> 00:07:41,810
>> Na hivyo programmers barabara
baada ya muda, kwa nini sio sisi

167
00:07:41,810 --> 00:07:45,327
kuanza kuandika lugha ambazo hawana
haja kwamba hatua haki mitambo,

168
00:07:45,327 --> 00:07:47,160
hivyo kwamba wanaweza tu kuandika
kanuni yako na kukimbia nayo.

169
00:07:47,160 --> 00:07:48,920
Lakini ilikuwa ni nini bei
kuwa tuliona sisi kulipwa

170
00:07:48,920 --> 00:07:50,910
wiki iliyopita, kwa mfano mtu fulani?

171
00:07:50,910 --> 00:07:51,650
Ndiyo?

172
00:07:51,650 --> 00:07:52,370
>> Kasi.

173
00:07:52,370 --> 00:07:54,690
Hivyo [? nini?] wakalimani
kidogo polepole,

174
00:07:54,690 --> 00:07:57,330
kwa kuwa zeros na ndio ni
nzuri na ya haraka kwa ajili ya kompyuta

175
00:07:57,330 --> 00:08:00,070
kuelewa, kwa sababu
Intel CPU, au chochote ni,

176
00:08:00,070 --> 00:08:03,070
tu anaelewa nini kinaendelea
tarehe na mwelekeo wa wale wa bits.

177
00:08:03,070 --> 00:08:05,370
Wakati mkalimani
ni mpango kwamba kweli

178
00:08:05,370 --> 00:08:07,980
ina kusoma Ascii chanzo
kificho kwamba umeandika,

179
00:08:07,980 --> 00:08:12,700
na kubadilisha, hivyo kusema, au
kufikiri jinsi ni waongofu hatimaye

180
00:08:12,700 --> 00:08:13,525
kwa zeros na ndio.

181
00:08:13,525 --> 00:08:15,650
Hivyo ni tu inachukua kidogo
kidogo ya utendaji hit.

182
00:08:15,650 --> 00:08:16,858
Hivyo ni kidogo ya biashara-off.

183
00:08:16,858 --> 00:08:21,570
Sasa kama sisi kufanya hivyo zaidi ya hapa, basi mimi
kwenda mbele na kufanya mfano kama ifuatavyo.

184
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Kama mimi kwenda katika hapa, faili mpya, mimi nina kwenda
kuokoa hii tena ni hello.php.

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00:08:26,610 --> 00:08:31,450
Na sasa mimi nina kwenda mbele
na kusema, "magazeti hujambo dunia" -

186
00:08:31,450 --> 00:08:35,130
na kukumbuka kwamba naweza kutumia magazeti, sijui
una kutumia magazeti-F. Na sasa chini hapa,

187
00:08:35,130 --> 00:08:42,039
kama mimi kufanya PHP wa hello.php, huh-- mimi
hawaonekani kuwa kufasiriwa.

188
00:08:42,039 --> 00:08:43,412
Je, mimi kufanya makosa?

189
00:08:43,412 --> 00:08:44,710
>> Watazamaji: vikuku angled.

190
00:08:44,710 --> 00:08:47,015
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, unahitaji
kwamba pembe mabano juu juu.

191
00:08:47,015 --> 00:08:49,390
Hivyo ni aina ya annoying, lakini
wewe kupata kutumika yake haraka.

192
00:08:49,390 --> 00:08:53,500
Kama mimi na kuandika kanuni PHP, mimi
ujumla haja ya kuwaambia mpango,

193
00:08:53,500 --> 00:08:56,950
au kuwaambia mkalimani, hey
PHP, inakuja baadhi ya kanuni PHP.

194
00:08:56,950 --> 00:09:00,440
Na kisha kwa hatua nzuri, napenda
kuifunga si na hii, lakini badala ya

195
00:09:00,440 --> 00:09:03,740
na swali tu alama pembe
mabano, ili sasa chini hapa,

196
00:09:03,740 --> 00:09:06,840
kama mimi kukimbia hii tena, sasa
Mimi kupata matokeo ya taka.

197
00:09:06,840 --> 00:09:09,820
>> Sasa hebu kufanya optimization kidogo,
hivyo tu kwamba wameweza kuona mbele.

198
00:09:09,820 --> 00:09:14,040
Hii ni aina ya annoying kwamba mimi
kuwa na kukimbia PHP nafasi hello.php,

199
00:09:14,040 --> 00:09:16,060
kwa sababu katika siku za nyuma mimi
inaweza tu kuandika dot slash

200
00:09:16,060 --> 00:09:17,560
jina mpango, ambayo ni aina ya nzuri.

201
00:09:17,560 --> 00:09:19,420
Ni aina ya bora user uzoefu.

202
00:09:19,420 --> 00:09:24,160
>> Hivyo ni zamu nje unaweza kufanya hivyo
katika PHP na mimi following--

203
00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:28,780
Unaweza kutumia hii haki cryptic
dua juu hapa,

204
00:09:28,780 --> 00:09:31,740
ambayo kwa ujumla aitwaye shebang,
ambapo hii ni ishara mkali,

205
00:09:31,740 --> 00:09:34,270
hivyo kusema, hii ni bang
au mshangao uhakika.

206
00:09:34,270 --> 00:09:38,490
Na hii sasa ni njia ya mpango
juu ya kawaida Linux mfumo kuwa

207
00:09:38,490 --> 00:09:41,500
inaitwa mazingira, au env.

208
00:09:41,500 --> 00:09:43,920
Na hii line-- hadithi muda
short-- mstari mmoja tu

209
00:09:43,920 --> 00:09:48,710
anasema, hey kompyuta, kupata PHP
mkalimani kwa ajili yangu katika mazingira,

210
00:09:48,710 --> 00:09:50,610
kupata hiyo katika kumbukumbu yako, hivyo kusema.

211
00:09:50,610 --> 00:09:54,130
>> Na nini ni nzuri sasa, ni
kwamba kama mimi kwenda chini hapa,

212
00:09:54,130 --> 00:09:57,750
Siwezi kufanya dot slash
hodi nukta php, or-- hmm.

213
00:09:57,750 --> 00:09:59,000
Ruhusa alikanusha.

214
00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:02,350
Vizuri, utaona hata zaidi ya huu
na tatizo kuweka saba, kama wewe

215
00:10:02,350 --> 00:10:04,060
si tayari, kwa ruhusa.

216
00:10:04,060 --> 00:10:06,510
Ni zinageuka kuwa nahitaji
kutekeleza agizo hili

217
00:10:06,510 --> 00:10:10,779
aitwaye [? chamod?] kwa ajili ya mabadiliko
mode-- pamoja na x hello.php.

218
00:10:10,779 --> 00:10:13,820
Nahitaji [inaudible] hii moja ya ziada
hatua ambayo ni kuwaambia kompyuta yangu,

219
00:10:13,820 --> 00:10:16,400
kufanya hello.php kutekelezwa.

220
00:10:16,400 --> 00:10:21,310
Na sasa kuangalia nini happens-- nukta
kufyeka hello.php, ni tu anaendesha.

221
00:10:21,310 --> 00:10:23,310
Sina haja ya kutaja
mkalimani tena.

222
00:10:23,310 --> 00:10:26,680
Na siwezi kufanya hivyo hata prettier,
bado, kama ningekuwa kubadili jina jambo hili.

223
00:10:26,680 --> 00:10:30,570
Kama mimi hoja hello.php tu
Hujambo hivyo taarifa katika upande wa juu kushoto,

224
00:10:30,570 --> 00:10:32,860
jina mpango ni
Hakika sasa tu Hello.

225
00:10:32,860 --> 00:10:37,300
Sasa naweza kufanya ni kuangalia kama C mpango,
hata kama ni iliyoandikwa katika PHP--

226
00:10:37,300 --> 00:10:39,210
au kusema ukweli idadi yoyote
ya lugha nyingine.

227
00:10:39,210 --> 00:10:41,480
>> Hivyo kukuza kidogo kidogo,
hakuna tofauti ya kazi.

228
00:10:41,480 --> 00:10:44,460
Lakini ni tu udadisi kidogo
sasa, ili uweze kuandika mipango

229
00:10:44,460 --> 00:10:48,989
katika lugha yoyote, na user hana
una kujua au huduma ya kile wale ni.

230
00:10:48,989 --> 00:10:51,030
Naam, hebu tuangalie zaidi
mfano kulazimisha sasa

231
00:10:51,030 --> 00:10:52,850
kwamba mimi kuchapwa up mapema.

232
00:10:52,850 --> 00:10:54,955
Na hii inaitwa quote.php.

233
00:10:54,955 --> 00:10:56,740
Na ni inapatikana online.

234
00:10:56,740 --> 00:11:00,299
Na taarifa kwamba ni pretty short--
lakini ni mstari amri hiyo ni mpango

235
00:11:00,299 --> 00:11:02,840
kwenda kuangalia bei ya hisa
kwa ajili yangu, ambayo ni kweli kwenda

236
00:11:02,840 --> 00:11:04,230
kuwa germane na tatizo kuweka saba.

237
00:11:04,230 --> 00:11:05,396
>> Basi hebu angalia nini mimi kufanya.

238
00:11:05,396 --> 00:11:08,640
Juu sana Mimi nimepata
wazi mabano alama swali PHP.

239
00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:13,372
Kisha mimi nimepata mstari huu, ambapo mimi ni
wanaohitaji faili inayoitwa functions.php--

240
00:11:13,372 --> 00:11:15,080
tunakwenda kuona
zaidi juu ya hili katika kidogo,

241
00:11:15,080 --> 00:11:17,340
lakini hii ni kama C ya
toleo la mkali ni pamoja na,

242
00:11:17,340 --> 00:11:19,090
ambapo unataka kwenda
pamoja na faili nyingine.

243
00:11:19,090 --> 00:11:23,720
PHP simu yake kuhitaji, ingawa
Pia ina pamoja na kazi.

244
00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:26,861
Na zinageuka kuwa function.php ni
tu kitu niliandika kabla darasani.

245
00:11:26,861 --> 00:11:29,860
Mimi kuiweka katika orodha hiyo, kwa sababu
Nilitaka sababu nje baadhi ya kanuni

246
00:11:29,860 --> 00:11:31,800
kwamba sisi kutaka kutumia mahali pengine.

247
00:11:31,800 --> 00:11:34,560
>> Wakati huo huo, pengine unaweza
kudai nini kinaendelea hapa.

248
00:11:34,560 --> 00:11:39,200
Hii ni tofauti kidogo kutoka C-- lakini
je, ina maana na kuhakikisha matumizi sahihi?

249
00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:41,180
Kutafsiri hii zaidi kitaalam.

250
00:11:41,180 --> 00:11:45,950
Chini ya mazingira gani mimi nipo
kuacha mpango, au exiting?

251
00:11:45,950 --> 00:11:47,074
Yeah?

252
00:11:47,074 --> 00:11:47,990
>> Watazamaji: Wakati huna
mbili hoja mstari amri.

253
00:11:47,990 --> 00:11:49,480
>> DAVID Malan: Wakati sina
amri line hoja.

254
00:11:49,480 --> 00:11:52,396
Na kukumbuka kwamba mmoja wa wale
hoja ni jina kwa mpango huo yenyewe.

255
00:11:52,396 --> 00:11:55,340
Na ya pili ni kwenda kuwa
neno lingine mimi aina baada ya haraka.

256
00:11:55,340 --> 00:11:57,460
Hivyo tu kama C, huu
ni njia yangu ya cheki,

257
00:11:57,460 --> 00:12:00,022
Je user kushirikiana na
kuendesha programu kama mimi nia?

258
00:12:00,022 --> 00:12:01,730
Sasa, kuna kitu
tofauti kidogo

259
00:12:01,730 --> 00:12:04,020
na C-- kwanza ya yote sisi
kuwa ishara hii ya dola,

260
00:12:04,020 --> 00:12:07,710
na anafanya nini dola
ishara kuashiria katika PHP?

261
00:12:07,710 --> 00:12:08,440
Tu kutofautiana.

262
00:12:08,440 --> 00:12:11,731
Hiyo ni all-- tu kutofautiana na kufuatiwa na
chochote unataka kweli simu yake.

263
00:12:11,731 --> 00:12:14,000
Taarifa kuna kitu
kutokuwepo kwa PHP mpango wangu,

264
00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:18,210
tu kama ilikuwa jana kukosa
wiki, dhidi C, ambayo ni nini?

265
00:12:18,210 --> 00:12:21,620
>> Aina, lakini pia kitu kingine.

266
00:12:21,620 --> 00:12:26,409
Hakuna kitu
function-- kazi kuu.

267
00:12:26,409 --> 00:12:27,450
Hakuna kazi kubwa ni.

268
00:12:27,450 --> 00:12:29,680
Wewe tu kuanza kuandika
kanuni yako bila ya kuwa

269
00:12:29,680 --> 00:12:32,790
na wasiwasi juu ya haki holela
mkataba wa kumtaja baadhi chaguo-msingi

270
00:12:32,790 --> 00:12:33,880
kazi kuu.

271
00:12:33,880 --> 00:12:36,720
Hivyo ARG C ni kweli tu
variable kimataifa

272
00:12:36,720 --> 00:12:39,049
kwamba mkalimani
hufanya inapatikana kwa mimi.

273
00:12:39,049 --> 00:12:40,090
Sasa, hii ni ya kuvutia.

274
00:12:40,090 --> 00:12:41,140
Kwa hiyo angalia mambo ya ajabu.

275
00:12:41,140 --> 00:12:43,370
Dola ishara ya hisa ni juu ya
kushoto, hiyo ni kutofautiana yangu.

276
00:12:43,370 --> 00:12:45,120
Upande wa kulia,
kuna inaonekana

277
00:12:45,120 --> 00:12:50,270
kazi katika PHP aitwaye chaguo-kwamba
Mimi nina kupita mstari amri yangu ya mwisho

278
00:12:50,270 --> 00:12:51,902
Hoja to-- chochote neno ni.

279
00:12:51,902 --> 00:12:53,610
Na tutaweza kuona jinsi hii
kazi katika wakati huu.

280
00:12:53,610 --> 00:12:55,380
>> Na kisha mwisho mimi nina kutoa taarifa bei.

281
00:12:55,380 --> 00:12:58,650
Mimi uchapishaji nje moja
Mchango wa kadha wa kadha.

282
00:12:58,650 --> 00:13:02,082
Na kumbuka, hii ni
njia katika PHP-- njia katika PHP--

283
00:13:02,082 --> 00:13:04,290
ambapo huna kufanya
ishara ya dola S tena.

284
00:13:04,290 --> 00:13:06,782
Unaweza tu kutumia braces curly
na kuziba katika baadhi kutofautiana.

285
00:13:06,782 --> 00:13:09,240
Huwezi kuwa na wasiwasi kuhusu
kutumia printf kwa njia sawa.

286
00:13:09,240 --> 00:13:13,530
>> Na kama kando, wakati wewe kuweka kutofautiana
ndani ya maradufu quotes kama hii,

287
00:13:13,530 --> 00:13:17,370
unatumia mbinu dhana
aitwaye kutofautiana nyongeza katika kitabu.

288
00:13:17,370 --> 00:13:20,380
Ina maana tu kuziba kutofautiana katika hapa.

289
00:13:20,380 --> 00:13:23,760
Na kama kando, baadhi yenu wanaokuja
kutoka asili nyingine ya programu,

290
00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:26,960
unaweza kutumia quotes moja
karibu masharti ya kufanya hivyo.

291
00:13:26,960 --> 00:13:30,290
Lazima kutumia mara mbili quotes kwa
kutofautiana kitabu kufanya kazi.

292
00:13:30,290 --> 00:13:32,740
Vinginevyo utasikia halisi
ona braces wale curly.

293
00:13:32,740 --> 00:13:34,500
>> Hivyo mwisho, hebu kwenda mbele na kukimbia hii.

294
00:13:34,500 --> 00:13:36,690
Napenda kufanya wastaafu yangu kidogo kubwa.

295
00:13:36,690 --> 00:13:41,940
Hebu kwenda mbele na kukimbia
ndani ya kunukuu saraka yangu.

296
00:13:41,940 --> 00:13:46,950
[? CDsource?] [? AM?]
[? ], kunukuu PHP kunukuu nukta PHP?

297
00:13:46,950 --> 00:13:50,290
na mimi nina kwenda kutafuta kitu
kama GOOG, ambayo ni alama Ticker wake,

298
00:13:50,290 --> 00:13:55,510
na kushiriki moja ya jina lake mpya,
Alphabet Inc, gharama $ 717, kama ya leo.

299
00:13:55,510 --> 00:13:58,680
Haki wote, kama tunataka
kukimbia hii tena, mtu yeyote

300
00:13:58,680 --> 00:14:02,600
na mwingine hisa ticker
wanataka kuangalia juu?

301
00:14:02,600 --> 00:14:06,770
>> Microsoft Nadhani ni
hii moja, MSFT-- $ 53.

302
00:14:06,770 --> 00:14:09,720
Nadhani Yahoo ni labda hiyo.

303
00:14:09,720 --> 00:14:12,130
Na kuungana ni kwamba.

304
00:14:12,130 --> 00:14:13,740
>> Hivyo ni mpango huu kufanya nini?

305
00:14:13,740 --> 00:14:16,306
Uchawi inaonekana kuwa iliyoingia
kwa kuwa chaguo-kazi.

306
00:14:16,306 --> 00:14:17,430
Basi hebu tuangalie kwa haraka.

307
00:14:17,430 --> 00:14:21,815
>> Ni zinageuka kuwa haina kuja
na PHP, ni katika functions.php.

308
00:14:21,815 --> 00:14:23,690
Na sisi si kwenda kwa njia
huu katika kina kubwa,

309
00:14:23,690 --> 00:14:28,040
lakini taarifa neno operative hapa ni
kuwa kwenye mstari sita ya functions.php--

310
00:14:28,040 --> 00:14:29,440
I literally kusema kazi.

311
00:14:29,440 --> 00:14:31,050
Mimi kutaja jina la kazi yangu.

312
00:14:31,050 --> 00:14:34,330
Mimi kisha kutaja yoyote
hoja, au vigezo,

313
00:14:34,330 --> 00:14:36,480
Nataka kazi ambayo kwa take-- hakuna aina.

314
00:14:36,480 --> 00:14:37,580
Na kisha mimi kutekeleza.

315
00:14:37,580 --> 00:14:39,240
>> Na mimi itabidi kukitikisa mikono yangu
katika utekelezaji,

316
00:14:39,240 --> 00:14:42,115
tangu ni haki kwa haki ya juu
sasa, lakini tutaweza kuona tena kweli

317
00:14:42,115 --> 00:14:44,700
katika wiki katika tatizo kuweka saba.

318
00:14:44,700 --> 00:14:47,490
Lakini siwezi safi hii up, pia.

319
00:14:47,490 --> 00:14:49,590
Mimi pia ni pamoja na katika
kificho leo toleo la

320
00:14:49,590 --> 00:14:52,340
ya kunukuu, ambayo haina faili nukta PHP.

321
00:14:52,340 --> 00:14:57,270
Kwa sababu kile ni labda katika
juu ya mpango ujulikanao kunukuu tu?

322
00:14:57,270 --> 00:15:00,140
Kwamba kinachojulikana shebang--
uungwana cryptic dua

323
00:15:00,140 --> 00:15:04,590
inayosema kupata PHP na kisha
kuendesha kwenye kanuni yangu hapa.

324
00:15:04,590 --> 00:15:07,360
>> Haki wote, ili huleta
sisi ambapo sisi kushoto mbali

325
00:15:07,360 --> 00:15:09,560
time-- mwisho angalau kwa
baadhi ya mifano ya juu zaidi.

326
00:15:09,560 --> 00:15:13,980
Maswali yoyote hivi sasa kuhusu
PHP au nini tuko kufanya?

327
00:15:13,980 --> 00:15:15,570
No-- sawa.

328
00:15:15,570 --> 00:15:16,180
Yeah?

329
00:15:16,180 --> 00:15:19,610
>> Watazamaji: Ndani
Mafaili ya HTML, kufanya you--

330
00:15:19,610 --> 00:15:22,226
[? je?] [? tu kuiita?]
[Inaudible] PHP faili?

331
00:15:22,226 --> 00:15:23,350
DAVID Malan: swali nzuri.

332
00:15:23,350 --> 00:15:26,070
Katika mazingira ya mtandao, ambayo tuko
halisi kuhusu mpito kwa,

333
00:15:26,070 --> 00:15:28,028
huna matumizi kinachojulikana
shebang juu,

334
00:15:28,028 --> 00:15:31,980
kwa sababu mtandao server-- mara nyingi
mpango ujulikanao Apache au Microsoft

335
00:15:31,980 --> 00:15:37,470
IIS, Internet Habari Server, au
idadi yoyote ya wengine mtandao wa kompyuta programu,

336
00:15:37,470 --> 00:15:40,636
anajua kwamba wakati anaona
dot PHP faili, kwamba

337
00:15:40,636 --> 00:15:42,010
lazima kukimbia mkalimani juu yake.

338
00:15:42,010 --> 00:15:43,468
Haina kuangalia kwamba mstari wa kwanza.

339
00:15:43,468 --> 00:15:45,580
Hivyo kwanza mstari hila hii
ni tu wakati uko

340
00:15:45,580 --> 00:15:48,330
kuandika mstari amri programs--
ambayo sisi si kufanya super mara nyingi,

341
00:15:48,330 --> 00:15:52,510
lakini ni njia yetu ya kuziba
yetu C mifano kwa sasa PHP yetu.

342
00:15:52,510 --> 00:16:00,680
>> Basi hebu kweli kuziba dunia hii
kutoka mstari amri dunia kwa mtandao

343
00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:02,230
kwa kufanya yafuatayo.

344
00:16:02,230 --> 00:16:05,090
Hebu kwenda mbele na kuteka
juu hapa kwa muda tu.

345
00:16:05,090 --> 00:16:09,940
Hivyo kama tuna mtandao wa kompyuta, au tuseme
kama tuna mbali yangu hapa,

346
00:16:09,940 --> 00:16:11,280
ambayo mimi itabidi kuteka kama hii.

347
00:16:11,280 --> 00:16:14,250
Na hapa tuna
biashara kwa namna fulani.

348
00:16:14,250 --> 00:16:18,210
Na kisha juu hapa, tuna
server katika building--

349
00:16:18,210 --> 00:16:20,760
hii ni jinsi biashara
works-- na katika hapa

350
00:16:20,760 --> 00:16:23,120
ni server na baadhi ya taa labda.

351
00:16:23,120 --> 00:16:27,530
Nini hasa kinachoendelea
kati ya mahusiano haya mawili?

352
00:16:27,530 --> 00:16:29,240
>> Hivyo katika jengo hili ni mtandao wa kompyuta.

353
00:16:29,240 --> 00:16:31,420
Hiyo tu kompyuta
kwamba mbio baadhi ya uendeshaji

354
00:16:31,420 --> 00:16:34,561
system-- labda programu huru walioitwa
Apache, ambayo CS50 IDE ni mbio.

355
00:16:34,561 --> 00:16:36,310
Hivyo unaweza kweli
kufikiria jengo hili

356
00:16:36,310 --> 00:16:38,579
kama kuwa jengo katika
ambayo CSt0 IDE ni kuhifadhiwa.

357
00:16:38,579 --> 00:16:40,870
Hiyo ambapo nyote na
akaunti, ambapo ninyi nyote

358
00:16:40,870 --> 00:16:43,130
wenyewe mtandao wa kompyuta yako
mbio nyote

359
00:16:43,130 --> 00:16:45,730
na yako URLs mwenyewe ya kipekee,
kama sisi kuanza kujadili,

360
00:16:45,730 --> 00:16:47,280
na utaona zaidi katika P. kuweka sita.

361
00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:49,450
>> Hapa ni mbali yangu mahali fulani
kingine kwenye mtandao.

362
00:16:49,450 --> 00:16:54,550
Na hivyo wakati mimi kutembelea URL kwamba ni mali
kwangu, ili trafiki biashara ni kwenda

363
00:16:54,550 --> 00:16:58,360
zaidi kwa kompyuta, kompyuta ya
kupokea HTTP request--

364
00:16:58,360 --> 00:17:02,900
kama kupata index.html na ni
replying kwamba ukurasa wa mtandao.

365
00:17:02,900 --> 00:17:04,280
Hivyo hiyo ni dhana ujumla.

366
00:17:04,280 --> 00:17:07,089
Wakati kila kitu juu
mpaka sasa leo, kila kitu

367
00:17:07,089 --> 00:17:09,660
kilichojitokeza tu katika
mipaka ya jengo hili.

368
00:17:09,660 --> 00:17:12,910
Mimi nilikuwa kutumia laptop yangu, lakini
Nilikuwa kushikamana na CS50 IDE,

369
00:17:12,910 --> 00:17:17,369
hivyo wote wa programu hizo nilikuwa mbio
Ilikuwa ndani ya kwamba server, yenyewe.

370
00:17:17,369 --> 00:17:22,660
>> Lakini sasa, hebu kuanza Reusing PHP
kuandika baadhi ya mipango halisi kwamba

371
00:17:22,660 --> 00:17:24,230
ni kutumikia up na mtandao wa kompyuta.

372
00:17:24,230 --> 00:17:30,320
Na kwa kufanya hivyo, mimi nina kwenda
ndani ya kundi zima la mifano

373
00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:33,710
kuwa kuanzisha wazo hili hapa.

374
00:17:33,710 --> 00:17:38,500
Hivyo hii ni aina ya njia dhana ya
kuelezea programu dhana.

375
00:17:38,500 --> 00:17:41,540
>> Na kwa kweli, kama wewe exit CS50
au kazi katika miradi ya mwisho,

376
00:17:41,540 --> 00:17:43,520
au kuchukua baadhi kufuata
juu ya darasa, itabidi kuanza

377
00:17:43,520 --> 00:17:45,740
kuona kwamba world--
hasa kuwa mzima

378
00:17:45,740 --> 00:17:48,300
kwa lugha kama C
ambazo ni super Asili level--

379
00:17:48,300 --> 00:17:51,290
kutambua kwamba kuna bora
njia ya kuandika programu.

380
00:17:51,290 --> 00:17:53,290
Kuna baadhi ya
ruwaza unaweza kufuata,

381
00:17:53,290 --> 00:17:57,640
njia fulani ya kupanga mafaili yako
na njia za kumtaja kazi yako,

382
00:17:57,640 --> 00:18:00,300
ili hadithi muda mfupi,
dunia ina kuja

383
00:18:00,300 --> 00:18:04,340
na rundo zima la Vifupisho
na majina ya njia ya programu.

384
00:18:04,340 --> 00:18:06,260
Hizi ni mbinu tu unaweza kutumia.

385
00:18:06,260 --> 00:18:09,660
>> Mmoja wao anaitwa MVC,
kwa Mfano View Mdhibiti.

386
00:18:09,660 --> 00:18:12,270
Na hii ni, kwa
sasa, overly ngumu

387
00:18:12,270 --> 00:18:18,960
njia ya kusema jinsi unapaswa kuweka
tovuti PHP-msingi, kwa upande wetu.

388
00:18:18,960 --> 00:18:22,140
Jinsi gani unaweza kuandaa files yako,
jinsi gani unaweza kupanga mantiki yako,

389
00:18:22,140 --> 00:18:26,220
kwa njia ambayo inafanya kuwa rahisi
kuandika tovuti ngumu zaidi?

390
00:18:26,220 --> 00:18:28,550
Na hakika, tutaweza haraka
kufika huko kwa p-kuweka saba.

391
00:18:28,550 --> 00:18:32,020
>> Hivyo katika ulimwengu wa MVC, wewe ni kwenda
kuona kwamba kanuni zetu Unaweza ujumla

392
00:18:32,020 --> 00:18:38,290
kuwa na sifa kama ama mtindo kificho,
au mtawala kificho, au mtazamo kificho.

393
00:18:38,290 --> 00:18:40,200
Na mimi nina kwenda kwa
oversimplify kama follows--

394
00:18:40,200 --> 00:18:42,074
mtawala ni
akili ya mpango wako,

395
00:18:42,074 --> 00:18:44,100
ni ambapo wote wa
kuvutia mantiki kinatokea.

396
00:18:44,100 --> 00:18:46,110
Kwa hiyo kila kitu tumekuwa
kuandika hivi sasa katika darasa,

397
00:18:46,110 --> 00:18:48,210
ni aina ya kama mtawala
code-- ni kudhibiti

398
00:18:48,210 --> 00:18:50,585
mpango wako, mizunguko yako, yako
masharti, kazi yako

399
00:18:50,585 --> 00:18:52,100
na vigezo na wote.

400
00:18:52,100 --> 00:18:56,160
>> Maoni, sasa, ni kwenda kuwa kidogo
wazi zaidi katika dunia ya mtandao.

401
00:18:56,160 --> 00:18:59,360
Maoni ni aesthetics
ya tovuti yako.

402
00:18:59,360 --> 00:19:04,080
Ni nini user sees-- picha,
meza HTML, HTML, na wote

403
00:19:04,080 --> 00:19:08,220
ya kwamba, wote wa aesthetic fluffy
mambo ambayo si kuwa ngumu ya kuandika,

404
00:19:08,220 --> 00:19:11,380
lakini ni tu nini wewe kuzalisha,
Ni maoni kinachojulikana, aesthetics.

405
00:19:11,380 --> 00:19:13,880
Na mfano wa kuigwa, hatimaye, ni kwenda
kuwa orodha stuff-- ambayo

406
00:19:13,880 --> 00:19:16,510
tutaweza kuanza mbizi katika yote
zaidi Jumatano hii.

407
00:19:16,510 --> 00:19:19,740
Hivyo mtawala ni mantiki,
maoni ni mambo aesthetic,

408
00:19:19,740 --> 00:19:23,500
na mfano wa kuigwa ni kwenda kuwa ambapo
sisi kuhifadhi takwimu zetu halisi.

409
00:19:23,500 --> 00:19:26,410
>> Hivyo hebu tuangalie hii zaidi uthabiti
kwa mfano zifuatazo.

410
00:19:26,410 --> 00:19:34,700
Mimi nina kwenda katika saraka yangu hapa
chanzo leo code-- ambayo yote

411
00:19:34,700 --> 00:19:35,770
inapatikana online.

412
00:19:35,770 --> 00:19:37,800
Na mimi nina kwenda katika toleo la sifuri.

413
00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:41,500
Na hapa is-- hebu simu yake
toleo la sifuri ya tovuti CS50.

414
00:19:41,500 --> 00:19:43,010
Kuna si mengi hapa wakati wote.

415
00:19:43,010 --> 00:19:46,810
Ni mtandao rahisi sana ukurasa hiyo ni
pengine kwa kutumia nini HTML tags-- tu

416
00:19:46,810 --> 00:19:48,970
nadhani kutokana na mifano zamani?

417
00:19:48,970 --> 00:19:49,890
>> Nini hiyo?

418
00:19:49,890 --> 00:19:53,920
H1-- pengine kwa kuwa kubwa ujasiri
cheo, kwamba alama juu juu, CS50.

419
00:19:53,920 --> 00:19:55,080
Na kile kingine ni katika kucheza?

420
00:19:55,080 --> 00:19:55,799
Yeah?

421
00:19:55,799 --> 00:19:56,840
Watazamaji: orodha Unordered.

422
00:19:56,840 --> 00:19:59,990
DAVID Malan: Unordered list-- hivyo
Ul tag na labda michache ya li vitambulisho.

423
00:19:59,990 --> 00:20:01,840
Na kama huna kumbuka haya,
hivyo kwa uaminifu haijalishi.

424
00:20:01,840 --> 00:20:04,170
Hizi ni fluffy aina ya
maelezo ya utekelezaji wa HTML

425
00:20:04,170 --> 00:20:06,378
kwamba haraka kuangalia juu
na uko nyuma juu ya njia yako.

426
00:20:06,378 --> 00:20:10,040
Tutaweza kuzingatia zaidi juu ya programu
mawazo ambayo ni vipande juicier.

427
00:20:10,040 --> 00:20:12,890
>> Basi hebu tu kuchukua haraka
kuangalia HTML-- na kwa kweli

428
00:20:12,890 --> 00:20:16,880
kama mimi kufungua mtazamo chanzo hapa, yup,
hiyo ni nini hasa kinaendelea hapa.

429
00:20:16,880 --> 00:20:18,440
Kuna tag ul.

430
00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:20,630
Furushi ndani ya kwamba ni kwa li vitambulisho.

431
00:20:20,630 --> 00:20:24,470
Na kisha mimi alikopa URL
ya mtaala halisi hapa.

432
00:20:24,470 --> 00:20:27,570
>> Na kisha katika
lectures.php ni inaonekana

433
00:20:27,570 --> 00:20:31,640
ukurasa mwingine dynamically yanayotokana
ambayo inaenda kuwa, hebu see-- ah,

434
00:20:31,640 --> 00:20:33,170
wiki mbili za kwanza hotuba.

435
00:20:33,170 --> 00:20:36,600
Hivyo wiki sifuri na wiki moja, hebu
kuangalia Haya kama mimi kuona ukurasa chanzo,

436
00:20:36,600 --> 00:20:38,120
Pia super rahisi.

437
00:20:38,120 --> 00:20:42,430
Hizi ni kuongoza kwa kurasa mbili
aitwaye week0.php, na week1.php.

438
00:20:42,430 --> 00:20:44,040
Hivyo kufikiria sasa nini kinatokea.

439
00:20:44,040 --> 00:20:50,630
>> Wakati mimi bonyeza week0.php, mbali yangu
ni kufanya ombi kwa week0.php.

440
00:20:50,630 --> 00:20:53,700

441
00:20:53,700 --> 00:20:58,110
Mtandao wa kompyuta, a.k.a., CS50 IDE,
ni kupokea kwamba bahasha virtual.

442
00:20:58,110 --> 00:21:01,040
Ni kuona ujumbe
kama, kupata week0.php.

443
00:21:01,040 --> 00:21:05,060
Kisha ni kutafsiri faili, juu
hadi chini, kushoto na right-- faili

444
00:21:05,060 --> 00:21:07,720
aitwaye week0.php-- na
kutema mate nje ya matokeo.

445
00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:10,510
Hivyo ndani ya faili hili,
week0.php, lazima

446
00:21:10,510 --> 00:21:15,410
mtawala mantiki kwamba ni kuzalisha
HTML hii, na tutaweza hivi karibuni kuona kwamba.

447
00:21:15,410 --> 00:21:19,340
>> Lakini kwa sasa, napenda click kwenye wiki sifuri,
na sasa tuna Jumatano na Ijumaa,

448
00:21:19,340 --> 00:21:25,260
na sasa tuna slides
polepole kutoka wiki sifuri.

449
00:21:25,260 --> 00:21:27,400
Na unaweza kukumbuka
hii kutoka njia ya nyuma wakati.

450
00:21:27,400 --> 00:21:29,340
Hivyo hiyo ni wote tovuti hii ni kufanya.

451
00:21:29,340 --> 00:21:31,120
>> Hivyo hebu fikiria jinsi gani kufanya hivyo.

452
00:21:31,120 --> 00:21:34,290
Mimi nina kwenda nyuma katika
chanzo kanuni hapa, katika CS50 IDE,

453
00:21:34,290 --> 00:21:36,660
na mimi nina kwenda kufungua index.php.

454
00:21:36,660 --> 00:21:38,910
Juu ya faili hii
ni kundi la maoni.

455
00:21:38,910 --> 00:21:43,000
Na kisha katikati ya faili hili,
zamu nje, hakuna kificho PHP wowote.

456
00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:47,380
Kwa sababu kama huna yoyote ya
mabano wazi vitambulisho alama swali PHP,

457
00:21:47,380 --> 00:21:49,180
uko huru tu ya kuweka HTML.

458
00:21:49,180 --> 00:21:51,480
>> Kwa sababu gani PHP
mkalimani zinatakiwa kufanya,

459
00:21:51,480 --> 00:21:53,938
ni wakati anasoma file-- hii
juu hadi chini, kushoto na right--

460
00:21:53,938 --> 00:21:59,100
ni tu kutafsiri kificho anaona kati ya
mabano wale pembe swali alama.

461
00:21:59,100 --> 00:22:02,380
Na kitu kingine chochote kwamba hana
kutambua kama PHP, ni tu mtemi.

462
00:22:02,380 --> 00:22:05,080
Na HTML Je, miongoni mwa mambo
itakuwa tu mate nje.

463
00:22:05,080 --> 00:22:09,090
>> Hivyo faili hili linaweza kuwa na
ameitwa index.html,

464
00:22:09,090 --> 00:22:11,690
lakini nina kumtaja kila kitu
dot PHP kama jiwe wanazidi.

465
00:22:11,690 --> 00:22:15,960
Lectures.php-- vile vile
aghali, ni baadhi tu ya HTML.

466
00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:19,840
Week0.php, vile vile baadhi tu ya HTML.

467
00:22:19,840 --> 00:22:22,300
>> Lakini sasa hebu kuweka juu ya
proverbial uhandisi kofia,

468
00:22:22,300 --> 00:22:24,400
na kufikiria jinsi gani tunaweza kuboresha hii.

469
00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:28,541
Siyo vigumu kufanya hivyo, lakini mimi aina
ya ugatuzi katika nakala na kuweka.

470
00:22:28,541 --> 00:22:31,540
Na kwa kweli, kama mimi kufanya wiki mbili,
Unajua nini mimi pengine kwenda kufanya?

471
00:22:31,540 --> 00:22:34,940
Mimi nina kwenda kwa week1.php, mimi nina
kwenda kuonyesha kila kitu.

472
00:22:34,940 --> 00:22:39,110
Mimi nina kwenda nakala yake, kuweka
ndani ya faili mpya iitwayo week2.php,

473
00:22:39,110 --> 00:22:42,440
tweak baadhi URLs, na kuwa na safari yangu.

474
00:22:42,440 --> 00:22:45,240
>> Hivyo kulingana na kile tumekuwa
kuonekana katika C tayari,

475
00:22:45,240 --> 00:22:46,860
hii hana haki ya kujisikia, hopefully.

476
00:22:46,860 --> 00:22:49,610
Nakala, kuweka mara chache ufumbuzi wa haki.

477
00:22:49,610 --> 00:22:51,429
Basi nini tunaweza kuanza
kufanya ili kuboresha hili?

478
00:22:51,429 --> 00:22:53,345
Ambapo ni fursa
kwa kubuni bora?

479
00:22:53,345 --> 00:22:56,890

480
00:22:56,890 --> 00:22:58,760
>> Kwa wakati mimi kupata
wiki nane, ni kwenda

481
00:22:58,760 --> 00:23:00,910
kuwa kweli annoying
kama nataka kubadili

482
00:23:00,910 --> 00:23:03,930
herufi ya kila mmoja
kurasa yangu, au kama nataka

483
00:23:03,930 --> 00:23:06,522
kubadili muundo wa mpangilio.

484
00:23:06,522 --> 00:23:08,396
Hivyo ambapo ni fursa
kwa kubuni bora?

485
00:23:08,396 --> 00:23:11,990

486
00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:15,160
Naam, hebu fikiria nini
pamoja katika yote ya mafaili haya.

487
00:23:15,160 --> 00:23:21,696
>> Hapa ni wiki moja, hapa ni wiki
sifuri, hapa ni lectures.php,

488
00:23:21,696 --> 00:23:25,790
hapa ni index.php-- nini ni sawa na
kile mbalimbali, takribani kusema,

489
00:23:25,790 --> 00:23:26,760
katika kila moja ya mafaili haya?

490
00:23:26,760 --> 00:23:30,560

491
00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:32,060
Yeah?

492
00:23:32,060 --> 00:23:34,560
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

493
00:23:34,560 --> 00:23:41,244

494
00:23:41,244 --> 00:23:42,160
DAVID Malan: Sawa, nzuri.

495
00:23:42,160 --> 00:23:46,115
Hivyo kuna mfano, hakika, ambapo
kila wakati mimi kuchagua hotuba mimi,

496
00:23:46,115 --> 00:23:48,250
Mimi lazima kuzalisha
sawa looking ukurasa.

497
00:23:48,250 --> 00:23:50,375
Na hivyo labda naweza kujiinua
ukweli kwamba kweli,

498
00:23:50,375 --> 00:23:53,060
sisi kwa makusudi numerically
indexed lectures-- yetu

499
00:23:53,060 --> 00:23:55,290
kama naweza kuweka hata zaidi
Maneno katika jibu lako.

500
00:23:55,290 --> 00:23:59,984
Na ni nini kitu pekee, kwa kweli,
hiyo ni kubadilisha kati ya wiki one--

501
00:23:59,984 --> 00:24:02,400
na basi mimi kitabu chini hivyo ni
takribani katika place-- sawa

502
00:24:02,400 --> 00:24:05,480
hivyo hapa ni wiki sifuri,
takribani juu.

503
00:24:05,480 --> 00:24:12,370
Hapa ni wiki moja, wiki
sifuri, wiki moja, wiki sifuri.

504
00:24:12,370 --> 00:24:14,370
OK, literally kama unajua
hakuna mpango wowote,

505
00:24:14,370 --> 00:24:16,286
hii ni sasa tu kama
muundo vinavyolingana mchezo.

506
00:24:16,286 --> 00:24:17,200
Basi nini tofauti?

507
00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:18,765
Yeah?

508
00:24:18,765 --> 00:24:19,777
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

509
00:24:19,777 --> 00:24:22,360
DAVID Malan: Mwema, hivyo jina
inabadilika, milele hivyo kidogo.

510
00:24:22,360 --> 00:24:24,010
Sifuri ni kwenda, bila shaka, kwa moja.

511
00:24:24,010 --> 00:24:25,570
Same kitu kinatokea katika tag H1.

512
00:24:25,570 --> 00:24:28,790
Na hatuna kabisa kuona kama urahisi,
kwa sababu URL ni kidogo kwa muda mrefu.

513
00:24:28,790 --> 00:24:30,670
Lakini URLs wale yanabadilika kidogo.

514
00:24:30,670 --> 00:24:34,490
>> Lakini nini si kubadilisha ipo, kuthubutu mimi
kusema, wengi wa yaliyomo ya page--

515
00:24:34,490 --> 00:24:38,530
HTML tag sawa, kichwa ni
huo, cheo ni karibu sawa,

516
00:24:38,530 --> 00:24:40,659
mwili ni sawa, na
karibu kila kitu kingine

517
00:24:40,659 --> 00:24:42,450
ni sawa isipokuwa kwa
wale kidogo tweaks.

518
00:24:42,450 --> 00:24:45,310
Hivyo ni jinsi gani sisi kwenda juu
factoring baadhi ya hii nje?

519
00:24:45,310 --> 00:24:48,740
>> Naam napenda kupendekeza hasa
kwamba katika toleo la pili.

520
00:24:48,740 --> 00:24:53,890
Hivyo hapa katika toleo moja, nina halisi
sawa mafaili, pamoja na michache ya watu wengine.

521
00:24:53,890 --> 00:24:59,730
Hapa ni index.php-- na hata kama
wewe sijawahi kuona PHP kabla,

522
00:24:59,730 --> 00:25:05,511
je, Mimi pengine kufanya kutatua huu
problem-- kulingana na nini kuona hapa?

523
00:25:05,511 --> 00:25:11,300

524
00:25:11,300 --> 00:25:12,760
Naam, ni kwamba dhamira kidogo?

525
00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:13,450
Hakuna?

526
00:25:13,450 --> 00:25:16,020
Ndiyo, go on.

527
00:25:16,020 --> 00:25:17,380
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

528
00:25:17,380 --> 00:25:18,380
>> DAVID Malan: Yep.

529
00:25:18,380 --> 00:25:20,380
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

530
00:25:20,380 --> 00:25:26,090

531
00:25:26,090 --> 00:25:28,669
>> DAVID Malan: Mimi haja wewe
kusema tu kidogo nguvu zaidi.

532
00:25:28,669 --> 00:25:31,084
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

533
00:25:31,084 --> 00:25:35,744

534
00:25:35,744 --> 00:25:36,660
DAVID Malan: Sawa, nzuri.

535
00:25:36,660 --> 00:25:38,620
Na mimi think-- ilikuwa
ngumu ya kusikia you-- lakini mimi

536
00:25:38,620 --> 00:25:42,690
kufikiri nini wewe ni kupata katika ni kwamba
vitambulisho kwamba yalikuwa ya kawaida juu juu,

537
00:25:42,690 --> 00:25:47,710
na vitambulisho kwamba yalikuwa ya kawaida juu ya
chini, sasa imekuwa factored nje,

538
00:25:47,710 --> 00:25:51,140
au kuachia nini files?

539
00:25:51,140 --> 00:25:53,476
Header.php na footer.php--
na tunakwenda

540
00:25:53,476 --> 00:25:55,600
kufanya baadhi tweaks kwa
kushughulikia wasiwasi wewe tu

541
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:59,370
amezungumzia kuhusu idadi kubadilisha, kwa
mfano, kama nikasikia wewe usahihi.

542
00:25:59,370 --> 00:26:02,060
>> Lakini hiyo inaonekana kuwa kiini cha.

543
00:26:02,060 --> 00:26:04,820
Kama kulikuwa na kiasi kikubwa cha
redundancy juu ya ukurasa,

544
00:26:04,820 --> 00:26:06,736
na kiasi kikubwa cha
redundancy chini,

545
00:26:06,736 --> 00:26:09,280
hebu literally tu kuonyesha
na kukata bidhaa hiyo nje,

546
00:26:09,280 --> 00:26:13,270
kuiweka katika file-- tofauti kama
wazo la CSS, ambapo sisi factored nje

547
00:26:13,270 --> 00:26:16,710
aesthetics sawa sana, kuweka
ni katika tofauti nukta PHP faili,

548
00:26:16,710 --> 00:26:20,340
kutumia zinahitaji mechanism-- ambayo
ni kama C mkali include-- ambayo

549
00:26:20,340 --> 00:26:23,570
kimsingi ni kama kusema kwenda
kunyakua yaliyomo ya header.php,

550
00:26:23,570 --> 00:26:25,370
na nakala na kuweka yao hapa.

551
00:26:25,370 --> 00:26:29,490
>> Lakini nini maana ya hii ni kwamba sasa katika
index.php, nina mistari hiyo miwili.

552
00:26:29,490 --> 00:26:32,130
Katika lectures.php, mimi pia
mistari hiyo miwili.

553
00:26:32,130 --> 00:26:35,230
Katika week0.php, mimi pia
mistari hiyo miwili.

554
00:26:35,230 --> 00:26:38,380
>> Hivyo sasa, kama nataka kubadili
jina la yote ya kurasa yangu,

555
00:26:38,380 --> 00:26:40,530
au nataka kubadili
muundo msingi,

556
00:26:40,530 --> 00:26:44,380
Siwezi mabadiliko hayo sasa katika sehemu moja tu,
au mbili header na footer places--,

557
00:26:44,380 --> 00:26:45,429
mtawalia.

558
00:26:45,429 --> 00:26:47,970
Sasa kificho la kuanzia kwa kuangalia
zaidi kidogo cryptic, sawa?

559
00:26:47,970 --> 00:26:53,590
Lakini kama wewe kufikiri juu ya nini ukurasa
ni doing-- kama mimi nina kuomba week0.php,

560
00:26:53,590 --> 00:26:59,880
kama juu ya kuchora juu ya
here-- wakati week0.php ni ombi,

561
00:26:59,880 --> 00:27:00,960
nini maana gani?

562
00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:04,410
>> Literally, faili hili ni
ombi kwa browser.

563
00:27:04,410 --> 00:27:06,240
Mtandao server-- a.k.a.

564
00:27:06,240 --> 00:27:09,250
CS50 ID-- grabs hii
file, week0.php, na anasoma

565
00:27:09,250 --> 00:27:10,780
ni juu hadi chini, kushoto na kulia.

566
00:27:10,780 --> 00:27:15,400
Kwenye mstari mmoja, ni mara moja atakutana
mabano wazi alama swali PHP, zinahitaji

567
00:27:15,400 --> 00:27:17,872
kichwa nukta PHP, na hivyo
nini mkalimani PHP

568
00:27:17,872 --> 00:27:20,580
does-- hiyo kujengwa katika mtandao
server, kwa sababu sisi preconfigured

569
00:27:20,580 --> 00:27:24,580
ni kwa you-- ni moja kwa moja inakwenda
ndani ya header.php, nakala yaliyomo,

570
00:27:24,580 --> 00:27:25,640
pastes yao hapa.

571
00:27:25,640 --> 00:27:28,790
>> Lakini basi kukutana mkalimani
swali chapa mabano karibu,

572
00:27:28,790 --> 00:27:30,320
hivyo ni yote kufanyika kufikiri.

573
00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:33,400
Sasa ni tu upofu mtemi
nje mistari miwili kupitia saba,

574
00:27:33,400 --> 00:27:35,240
kwa sababu ni tu HTML ghafi.

575
00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:38,470
Anapata kujipanga nane, na je, hiyo
uchawi huo again-- kufungua faili,

576
00:27:38,470 --> 00:27:41,460
grabbing yaliyomo, na
wanaohitaji yao au pasting yao

577
00:27:41,460 --> 00:27:42,480
haki basi au huko.

578
00:27:42,480 --> 00:27:44,210
>> Lakini mimi tu alluded mdudu.

579
00:27:44,210 --> 00:27:48,610
Hii ni hatua ubaguzi nyuma,
kwa sababu kama sisi kuangalia katika header.php,

580
00:27:48,610 --> 00:27:50,850
Nimekuwa aina ya kukata kona.

581
00:27:50,850 --> 00:27:56,250
Nini kipengele gani mimi kutoa juu ili
kupata arguable bora mpango huu?

582
00:27:56,250 --> 00:27:57,305
Yeah?

583
00:27:57,305 --> 00:27:58,180
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

584
00:27:58,180 --> 00:28:00,570
DAVID Malan: Yeah, mimi aina
ya kukata kona nontrivial.

585
00:28:00,570 --> 00:28:04,489
Wewe alisema kuwa kilichokuwa kubadilisha
ilikuwa ni cheo, idadi katika cheo,

586
00:28:04,489 --> 00:28:05,530
na idadi katika H1.

587
00:28:05,530 --> 00:28:08,170
Hivyo suluhisho yangu ilikuwa, sawa,
hebu tu kubadili jina ukurasa,

588
00:28:08,170 --> 00:28:10,080
na si kukabiliana na kwamba
Tatizo wowote.

589
00:28:10,080 --> 00:28:12,130
Hivyo hiyo ni sehemu
hatua nyuma kwa uhakika.

590
00:28:12,130 --> 00:28:14,300
>> Lakini nini ni vyema ijulikane hapa
ni kwamba nini nimefanya

591
00:28:14,300 --> 00:28:17,200
ni factored vinginevyo
nje mambo yote ya kawaida.

592
00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:21,520
Na katika footer.php, taarifa mimi factored
nje yote ya kwamba, angalau kidogo,

593
00:28:21,520 --> 00:28:22,790
kawaida mambo ya ajabu.

594
00:28:22,790 --> 00:28:26,070
Kwa hiyo mimi haja kwa namna fulani sasa kuwa na uwezo wa
kuchukua hatua nyingine mbele, na kurekebisha

595
00:28:26,070 --> 00:28:27,160
kwamba cheo masuala.

596
00:28:27,160 --> 00:28:28,180
Basi hebu kufanya hivyo.

597
00:28:28,180 --> 00:28:35,060
>> Hebu kwenda katika toleo la pili wangu
hapa, ambayo, tena, ina mafaili sawa

598
00:28:35,060 --> 00:28:36,825
isipokuwa kwa moja Mbali mpya.

599
00:28:36,825 --> 00:28:38,950
Na ni kidogo zaidi
verbose, lakini hebu angalia kama sisi

600
00:28:38,950 --> 00:28:40,550
Unaweza tease mbali nini kinaendelea hapa.

601
00:28:40,550 --> 00:28:45,370
Hivyo badala ya wanaohitaji
header.php, na footer.php,

602
00:28:45,370 --> 00:28:50,180
Mimi wanaonekana kuwa tu wanaohitaji moja
file-- aitwaye, bila shaka, helpers.php.

603
00:28:50,180 --> 00:28:52,560
Na napenda inasema sasa,
nini ndani ya helpers.php

604
00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:55,330
ni tu rundo la kazi
kwamba mimi aliandika, kama kabla.

605
00:28:55,330 --> 00:28:57,550
Lakini mimi kuitwa ni helpers.php.

606
00:28:57,550 --> 00:29:00,370
>> Sasa inaonekana, katika
mstari tatu na 10, mimi nina

607
00:29:00,370 --> 00:29:02,840
wito functions-- mbili
atatoa kichwa, atatoa footer.

608
00:29:02,840 --> 00:29:05,040
Wale wala kuja na
PHP, niliandika wale mwenyewe.

609
00:29:05,040 --> 00:29:07,880
Na mimi kuziweka katika helpers.php.

610
00:29:07,880 --> 00:29:11,210
>> Sasa, tumekuwa tu kuonekana syntax hii
mara moja, na ilikuwa super kifupi.

611
00:29:11,210 --> 00:29:15,330
Lakini hii ni dhahiri hoja
atatoa kichwa, kazi.

612
00:29:15,330 --> 00:29:16,450
Kwa nini mimi kujua kwamba?

613
00:29:16,450 --> 00:29:18,522
Vizuri hapa ni Paren karibu,
hapa ni Paren wazi.

614
00:29:18,522 --> 00:29:21,230
Na bila shaka, kama vile katika C,
chochote kati ya mabano wale

615
00:29:21,230 --> 00:29:23,350
ni input-- au
hoja kwa kazi.

616
00:29:23,350 --> 00:29:26,710
>> Ni aina gani ya data hoja hii,
kulingana na kile nimepata yalionyesha?

617
00:29:26,710 --> 00:29:30,820
Je, mabano mraba wale
zinaonyesha, kwa kuzingatia wiki iliyopita?

618
00:29:30,820 --> 00:29:33,390
Yeah, ni array--
hasa safu associative.

619
00:29:33,390 --> 00:29:35,700
Na syntax hii admittedly
ni funky kidogo,

620
00:29:35,700 --> 00:29:38,860
lakini hii ni kupita tu
katika jozi moja muhimu thamani.

621
00:29:38,860 --> 00:29:43,530
Muhimu ni, quote unquote
cheo, na thamani ni CS50.

622
00:29:43,530 --> 00:29:46,220
>> Kama sisi alikuwa amefanya
katika C, inaweza badala

623
00:29:46,220 --> 00:29:49,400
kuangalia zaidi kama huu,
tu quote unquote CS50

624
00:29:49,400 --> 00:29:52,460
au kweli itakuwa curly
braces, au kitu kama hicho katika C,

625
00:29:52,460 --> 00:29:55,580
ambapo muhimu ni sifuri,
na thamani ni CS50.

626
00:29:55,580 --> 00:29:59,840
Lakini tena, katika PHP, ingawa
syntax ni, tena, kidogo weird,

627
00:29:59,840 --> 00:30:02,860
utapata kupita katika
Maneno badala ya namba

628
00:30:02,860 --> 00:30:05,120
kujiunga funguo na maadili.

629
00:30:05,120 --> 00:30:06,390
>> Basi nini hii yote ina maana gani?

630
00:30:06,390 --> 00:30:09,750
Kama mimi kwenda katika helpers.php,
hebu tuangalie kazi hii.

631
00:30:09,750 --> 00:30:13,620
renderHeader.php, badala
renderHeader ni kazi yangu,

632
00:30:13,620 --> 00:30:16,220
na najua kwamba kwa sababu naona
kazi keyword hapa.

633
00:30:16,220 --> 00:30:19,450
Hii ni mpya kutoka C-- ni dhahiri
inachukua hoja aitwaye data--

634
00:30:19,450 --> 00:30:22,400
lakini mimi nilikuwa na wito huu
kitu chochote, lakini mimi kuitwa ni data,

635
00:30:22,400 --> 00:30:25,090
tu kuwa clean-- kidogo na
tu kuchukua nadhani, hasa

636
00:30:25,090 --> 00:30:28,173
kama umefanya iliyowekwa katika baadhi ya wengine
juu lugha kiwango cha kabla, jambo

637
00:30:28,173 --> 00:30:29,820
juu C, conceptually.

638
00:30:29,820 --> 00:30:33,820
>> Je sawa wazi mabano
Mabano ya mraba pengine ina maana gani?

639
00:30:33,820 --> 00:30:35,540
Au kitu gani maana?

640
00:30:35,540 --> 00:30:39,660
Tumekuwa hawajaona hii katika C. Yeah?

641
00:30:39,660 --> 00:30:40,480
>> Safu tupu.

642
00:30:40,480 --> 00:30:45,440
Hasa, hii ina maana kwamba kama
user haina wito renderHeader

643
00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:49,340
kwa hoja, Mimi bado kwenda
kuwa na hoja aitwaye data,

644
00:30:49,340 --> 00:30:52,327
lakini thamani yake ni chaguo-msingi
kwenda kuwa safu tupu.

645
00:30:52,327 --> 00:30:53,660
Hivyo ni tu urahisi nzuri.

646
00:30:53,660 --> 00:30:56,493
Sina yell katika mtumiaji,
au kusema wewe kutumika kazi yangu vibaya.

647
00:30:56,493 --> 00:30:59,849
Naweza tu kutoa user default
thamani, kama mimi si hasa huduma.

648
00:30:59,849 --> 00:31:01,890
Sasa kazi hii, mimi nina
kwenda kukitikisa mikono yangu katika.

649
00:31:01,890 --> 00:31:07,620
Lakini hii kazi dondoo inaruhusu
sisi kupita vigezo hivi katika takwimu

650
00:31:07,620 --> 00:31:10,360
ndani ya header.php kwa njia hii.

651
00:31:10,360 --> 00:31:13,100
Na hii ni mwisho kipande,
Nadhani, ya funky syntax.

652
00:31:13,100 --> 00:31:15,860
Hapa ni toleo yangu mpya
ya header.php-- ni

653
00:31:15,860 --> 00:31:20,140
alikuwa akisema, literally, wazi
mabano jina CS50, na kwamba alikuwa ni.

654
00:31:20,140 --> 00:31:21,766
Na kitu kimoja kwa H1.

655
00:31:21,766 --> 00:31:24,310
>> Sasa ni dhahiri inasema
kitu pretty funky.

656
00:31:24,310 --> 00:31:28,030
Na napenda kurahisisha hii
kwa muda kama ifuatavyo.

657
00:31:28,030 --> 00:31:31,020
Hii ni nini nimekuwa
alibadilisha kichwa cha yangu kuwa.

658
00:31:31,020 --> 00:31:35,140
Hata hivyo, ni kupata kidogo mbaya
kwa mabano daima wazi kwa PHP,

659
00:31:35,140 --> 00:31:36,610
na kisha kutumia magazeti kazi.

660
00:31:36,610 --> 00:31:40,810
Ni zinageuka kuwa PHP ina shorthand
nukuu kwa hii, ambayo ni tu

661
00:31:40,810 --> 00:31:45,050
ishara sawa, ambayo ni kitaalam
kazi kuitwa echo badala ya magazeti,

662
00:31:45,050 --> 00:31:46,800
lakini kitu kimoja ni, kwa ufanisi.

663
00:31:46,800 --> 00:31:48,440
>> Hiyo tu inaonekana vizuri zaidi.

664
00:31:48,440 --> 00:31:50,510
Ni tu kisintaksia
sukari, kama wewe,

665
00:31:50,510 --> 00:31:52,260
kwamba inafanya kanuni yangu kuangalia vizuri kidogo.

666
00:31:52,260 --> 00:31:54,010
Lakini zinageuka, na
tutaweza kuona hii tena

667
00:31:54,010 --> 00:31:57,420
kabla ya muda mrefu, tuna kutoa wito huu
annoyingly kazi muda mrefu wametaka

668
00:31:57,420 --> 00:32:00,582
HTML chars maalum katika
PHP, kwa sababu ni zamu nje

669
00:32:00,582 --> 00:32:02,790
kuna pembejeo fulani
kwamba mtumiaji anaweza kutupa,

670
00:32:02,790 --> 00:32:05,160
au kwamba watumiaji wanaweza kutupa,
kwamba ni kwenda kuvunja tovuti yetu.

671
00:32:05,160 --> 00:32:07,035
Lakini tutaweza kuona kwamba ijayo
wiki na JavaScript.

672
00:32:07,035 --> 00:32:10,740
Lakini kwa sasa, tu kujua kwamba
faili hili, headers.php, tu

673
00:32:10,740 --> 00:32:13,040
inachukua cheo kwamba
Mimi kupita katika, ni kufanya

674
00:32:13,040 --> 00:32:17,380
uhakika ni salama kuwa hudungwa katika mtandao
ukurasa, na mtemi nje kama cheo yangu

675
00:32:17,380 --> 00:32:18,640
na kama H1 yangu.

676
00:32:18,640 --> 00:32:24,440
Hivyo kama mimi kwenda katika toleo hili sasa,
taarifa kwamba mihadhara ina jina lake nyuma,

677
00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:28,630
wiki sifuri ina jina lake nyuma, na
Hakika, HTML mimi nina kuzalisha

678
00:32:28,630 --> 00:32:32,110
ni kufanana na nini toleo yangu ya kwanza
was-- isipokuwa kwa whitespace yangu,

679
00:32:32,110 --> 00:32:35,150
kwa sababu nimeanza formatting
kanuni yangu tofauti kidogo.

680
00:32:35,150 --> 00:32:38,082
Lakini nimepata yanayotokana zote
kificho najali.

681
00:32:38,082 --> 00:32:39,790
Hivyo basi mimi pause kwa
muda tu na kuona

682
00:32:39,790 --> 00:32:42,200
kama kuna maswali yoyote
au kuchanganyikiwa nimekuwa kuundwa.

683
00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:44,970

684
00:32:44,970 --> 00:32:48,150
Haki wote, hivyo hebu twist
vigumu kidogo hapa

685
00:32:48,150 --> 00:32:51,500
ili kuona kama kuna
nafasi ya kuboresha.

686
00:32:51,500 --> 00:32:56,130
Helpers.php pia alikuwa na haya
kazi, iitwayo renderFooter.

687
00:32:56,130 --> 00:32:59,652
Na nini vyema ijulikane kuhusu
renderHeader, na renderFooter?

688
00:32:59,652 --> 00:33:02,610
Na tena, kwa madhumuni ya leo, unajua
kwamba dondoo kazi ni

689
00:33:02,610 --> 00:33:08,280
njia yangu ya kupita hoja
ndani ya header.php na footer.php.

690
00:33:08,280 --> 00:33:10,900

691
00:33:10,900 --> 00:33:11,780
>> Pole?

692
00:33:11,780 --> 00:33:13,056
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

693
00:33:13,056 --> 00:33:15,180
DAVID Malan: Yeah, mimi tu
iliyopita the zinahitaji line.

694
00:33:15,180 --> 00:33:19,410
Hivyo literally, nimekuwa dhambi
ya kuiga na pasting, bado tena.

695
00:33:19,410 --> 00:33:21,920
Siyo idadi kubwa
ya mistari, lakini kuja on--

696
00:33:21,920 --> 00:33:25,220
kama mimi nina kuiga na pasting kila kitu
tu kubadili neno moja kidogo,

697
00:33:25,220 --> 00:33:28,610
na neno moja kidogo kwamba Alan anasema
nje ni footer hapa, dhidi header hapa.

698
00:33:28,610 --> 00:33:30,670
Vinginevyo, kila kitu ni
kufanana, isipokuwa kwa,

699
00:33:30,670 --> 00:33:32,180
bila shaka, majina ya kazi ya.

700
00:33:32,180 --> 00:33:33,690
Kwa hiyo kile tunaweza kufanya vizuri zaidi?

701
00:33:33,690 --> 00:33:39,810
>> Vizuri basi mimi kufungua toleo hili
hapa, ambapo katika helpers.php,

702
00:33:39,810 --> 00:33:42,300
kwa nini sio mimi tu kupata
kidogo nadhifu kuhusu hili?

703
00:33:42,300 --> 00:33:46,410
Kuandika kidogo ngumu zaidi
kanuni, lakini simu yake atatoa?

704
00:33:46,410 --> 00:33:48,470
Hivyo tuna nini mimi kimsingi iliyopita?

705
00:33:48,470 --> 00:33:51,770
>> Inachukua hoja now--
hoja mbili, data bado.

706
00:33:51,770 --> 00:33:54,444
Na kisha nini kwanza
jina pengine kuwa kutumika kwa ajili,

707
00:33:54,444 --> 00:33:55,860
kulingana na kile wewe ni kusoma hapa?

708
00:33:55,860 --> 00:33:58,452
Hata kama baadhi ya syntax ni bado mpya.

709
00:33:58,452 --> 00:33:59,660
Dola ishara template ni nini?

710
00:33:59,660 --> 00:34:02,400

711
00:34:02,400 --> 00:34:03,016
>> Pole?

712
00:34:03,016 --> 00:34:03,710
>> Watazamaji: Header au footer.

713
00:34:03,710 --> 00:34:04,510
>> DAVID Malan: Header au footer.

714
00:34:04,510 --> 00:34:07,134
Hivyo inaonekana, niliamua kwamba kama
Kitu pekee hiyo ni kubadilisha

715
00:34:07,134 --> 00:34:10,159
ni nini template nataka
kwa print-- na kwa template

716
00:34:10,159 --> 00:34:13,100
Jamani ni mwongozo kwa
kificho kwamba nataka pato,

717
00:34:13,100 --> 00:34:16,350
lakini nataka kuziba katika baadhi
values-- hivyo kama ni header tu

718
00:34:16,350 --> 00:34:20,440
au footer, kwa nini sio mimi parameterize
kuwa na kuwaita ishara ya dola hoja

719
00:34:20,440 --> 00:34:21,409
template?

720
00:34:21,409 --> 00:34:26,250
Na kisha syntax hii funky inaruhusu mimi
kujenga njia katika kutofautiana hapa.

721
00:34:26,250 --> 00:34:28,030
>> Hivyo njia ishara ya dola ni kutofautiana.

722
00:34:28,030 --> 00:34:31,120
Je syntax hii
kufanya, kama wewe ni ukoo?

723
00:34:31,120 --> 00:34:32,512
Yeah?

724
00:34:32,512 --> 00:34:34,065
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

725
00:34:34,065 --> 00:34:34,940
DAVID Malan: Hasa.

726
00:34:34,940 --> 00:34:37,600
Kama template ni, unquote kunukuu,
kichwa, au kama template ni,

727
00:34:37,600 --> 00:34:41,170
unquote kunukuu, footer, kwamba mstari huko
kwamba nimepata yalionyesha, mstari nane,

728
00:34:41,170 --> 00:34:46,330
ni tu kuchukua jina hilo, kama mpira wa kichwa,
na concatenating kwa nukta PHP.

729
00:34:46,330 --> 00:34:49,750
Hivyo hatukuwa na alama hii
katika C. Hii nukta operator ni

730
00:34:49,750 --> 00:34:54,520
jambo la kushangaza katika PHP-- kama wewe ni
ukoo na JavaScript au Java,

731
00:34:54,520 --> 00:34:56,949
unaweza kutumia pamoja
ishara ya kufanya concatenation.

732
00:34:56,949 --> 00:34:59,974
>> Katika C, ni maumivu katika neck--
na mimi nina hivyo pole, katika p-kuweka sita,

733
00:34:59,974 --> 00:35:02,390
wewe ni kwenda na kufanya
Haya ni maumivu ya shingo

734
00:35:02,390 --> 00:35:03,930
kwa concatenate masharti.

735
00:35:03,930 --> 00:35:04,670
Kwa nini?

736
00:35:04,670 --> 00:35:06,580
Naam, kwa sababu kama nimepata
kamba hiyo ni hii kwa muda mrefu,

737
00:35:06,580 --> 00:35:09,538
na mwingine kamba hiyo ni hii kwa muda mrefu,
huwezi kuziba yao kwa pamoja.

738
00:35:09,538 --> 00:35:11,070
Je, badala yake una kufanya katika C?

739
00:35:11,070 --> 00:35:11,680
Yeah?

740
00:35:11,680 --> 00:35:12,380
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

741
00:35:12,380 --> 00:35:15,090
>> DAVID Malan: Una malloc
, au kumbukumbu kutumia safu juu ya stack.

742
00:35:15,090 --> 00:35:17,214
Na kwa kweli kuwa na
kufanya kwamba safu kubwa ya kutosha

743
00:35:17,214 --> 00:35:20,940
walionao hii pamoja na hayo,
pamoja na backslash sifuri.

744
00:35:20,940 --> 00:35:24,994
Kisha concatenate yao pamoja kwa kutumia
koroga paka au manually na kwa kitanzi,

745
00:35:24,994 --> 00:35:26,160
au idadi yoyote ya mbinu.

746
00:35:26,160 --> 00:35:27,760
Na sisi kuonyesha kadhaa katika p-kuweka sita.

747
00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:29,080
>> Ni maumivu ya shingo.

748
00:35:29,080 --> 00:35:34,190
Na hii ni kweli nini maana mimi kuhusu
huu dhidi Haya kama C dhidi PHP.

749
00:35:34,190 --> 00:35:36,870
Wewe tu kupata mengi zaidi
utendaji kwa ajili ya bure,

750
00:35:36,870 --> 00:35:39,030
ili uweze kuzingatia,
walau, siku ya furaha

751
00:35:39,030 --> 00:35:41,190
sehemu ya coding,
Mradi unataka kutatua,

752
00:35:41,190 --> 00:35:43,190
badala ya kiwango cha chini minutiae.

753
00:35:43,190 --> 00:35:49,840
>> Hivyo hii inazalisha tu header.php au
footer.php kulingana na ambayo moja mimi wito.

754
00:35:49,840 --> 00:35:52,280
Na hakika kama mimi kwenda
ndani ya index.php, ilani

755
00:35:52,280 --> 00:35:56,230
yote yale changed-- Badala ya
wito atatoa kichwa au kutoa footer,

756
00:35:56,230 --> 00:36:00,230
Mimi nina wito atatoa, ikifuatiwa na
jina la template kwamba nataka kufanya.

757
00:36:00,230 --> 00:36:02,370
Na utaona hii, pia,
katika tatizo kuweka saba,

758
00:36:02,370 --> 00:36:05,530
ambapo sisi kuruhusu kutumia
kazi sawa na kufanya mashada

759
00:36:05,530 --> 00:36:07,550
na mashada ya kurasa tofauti za mtandao.

760
00:36:07,550 --> 00:36:10,570
>> Hivyo badala ya kukaa pia
mengi zaidi juu ya details-- wale

761
00:36:10,570 --> 00:36:13,210
ambayo utaona tena katika
Tatizo kuweka seven-- hebu angalia

762
00:36:13,210 --> 00:36:16,850
katika mwanzo wa suluhisho sasa
tatizo ya kuvutia zaidi.

763
00:36:16,850 --> 00:36:19,310
Hivi sasa, hakuna kitu tumekuwa
amefanya ina data kuokolewa.

764
00:36:19,310 --> 00:36:22,920
Kwa kweli, wakati tu tumekuwa milele kuokolewa
kitu ambacho tumefanya katika darasa hili

765
00:36:22,920 --> 00:36:31,030
ni wakati tulikuwa demo rahisi sana muda
nyuma, ambapo tulikuwa faili IO katika C,

766
00:36:31,030 --> 00:36:34,520
na nadhani mimi niliandika kwa jina langu, na
Jina Hana, na jina Maria,

767
00:36:34,520 --> 00:36:37,610
au labda jina Andy, na
kisha sisi kuokolewa file-- CSV

768
00:36:37,610 --> 00:36:39,430
comma kutengwa maadili faili.

769
00:36:39,430 --> 00:36:43,530
>> Na tulikuwa fopen-- Nadhani
tulikuwa fprintf kama mimi kukumbuka,

770
00:36:43,530 --> 00:36:44,910
na sisi kuokolewa faili.

771
00:36:44,910 --> 00:36:46,920
Sasa, kwamba ni rahisi
mfumo wa database.

772
00:36:46,920 --> 00:36:50,230
Kama unataka kufanya tovuti kwa
Frosh IMS mpango, ambapo freshmen

773
00:36:50,230 --> 00:36:53,390
Unaweza kujiandikisha kwa ajili ya michezo, wewe walau
wanataka kufanya kitu kwa data hizo.

774
00:36:53,390 --> 00:36:55,370
Wiki iliyopita, hatukuwa na kitu
na data-- sisi tu alisema,

775
00:36:55,370 --> 00:36:56,661
wewe ni kusajiliwa, si kweli.

776
00:36:56,661 --> 00:36:58,950
Au labda mimi Emailed
mwangalizi, na kwamba alikuwa ni.

777
00:36:58,950 --> 00:37:02,110
>> Lakini itakuwa nzuri kama mimi naweza
kutoa kwamba mwangalizi jalada la CSV,

778
00:37:02,110 --> 00:37:03,340
kama Excel file.

779
00:37:03,340 --> 00:37:05,090
Au bado bora, ingekuwa
kuwa nzuri kama mimi naweza

780
00:37:05,090 --> 00:37:08,830
kuweka majina watumiaji hao 'na
Dorm majina na yote hayo

781
00:37:08,830 --> 00:37:11,740
katika orodha kwamba
anaishi tu juu ya milele,

782
00:37:11,740 --> 00:37:13,530
mpaka mimi kuchagua kufuta data.

783
00:37:13,530 --> 00:37:15,645
Database ambayo inaruhusu
mimi swala habari.

784
00:37:15,645 --> 00:37:18,070
Na hakika, hilo ndilo orodha ni.

785
00:37:18,070 --> 00:37:20,470
>> Sisi kuanzisha leo, na
wiki ijayo, pia, teknolojia

786
00:37:20,470 --> 00:37:25,020
aitwaye SQL-- Uliza muundo
Lugha, ambayo ni lugha nyingine.

787
00:37:25,020 --> 00:37:28,750
Ni kimsingi kompyuta
lugha, lakini kwa database.

788
00:37:28,750 --> 00:37:31,760
Na database kwa sasa, tu
kufikiria kama super dhana toleo la

789
00:37:31,760 --> 00:37:35,710
ya Microsoft Excel, au Google
Spreadsheets, au Apple Hesabu.

790
00:37:35,710 --> 00:37:39,950
Ni kwa ujumla mpango kwamba inaruhusu
kuhifadhi rundo zima la data

791
00:37:39,950 --> 00:37:43,960
katika safu na nguzo, kabisa
kama waweza katika Excel.

792
00:37:43,960 --> 00:37:47,100
>> Lakini nini ni nzuri, hasa kama
sisi siyo super ukoo na Excel,

793
00:37:47,100 --> 00:37:52,040
nini SQL inaruhusu kufanya ni swala hii
Maelezo kwa kuandika mstari wa kanuni

794
00:37:52,040 --> 00:37:55,220
ambapo unaweza, hata kama yako
Mbegu ina milioni safu ndani yake,

795
00:37:55,220 --> 00:37:57,190
unaweza kupata mambo super haraka.

796
00:37:57,190 --> 00:37:59,950
Kwa kweli, Excel ni hasa
mbaya wakati seti kubwa data.

797
00:37:59,950 --> 00:38:02,460
Na kwa kweli, hadi chache
miaka iliyopita, aligeuka

798
00:38:02,460 --> 00:38:08,890
Excel ingekuwa tu kuruhusu kuhifadhi
safu hadi 65,535 wa data-- ambayo

799
00:38:08,890 --> 00:38:12,020
Inaonekana kama mengi, lakini wakati
wakati mimi alikuwa mwanafunzi Grad,

800
00:38:12,020 --> 00:38:14,920
na Nakumbuka tripping juu
hii kwa sababu nilikuwa kuzalisha

801
00:38:14,920 --> 00:38:17,900
CSV files kwa utafiti wangu na mimi
alitaka kuchambua yao haraka

802
00:38:17,900 --> 00:38:19,530
na tu kufungua katika Excel.

803
00:38:19,530 --> 00:38:23,730
Bila shaka, kompyuta yangu tu kugonga,
kwa sababu nilikuwa na zaidi ya 65,000 safu.

804
00:38:23,730 --> 00:38:27,210
>> Lakini wapi 65535 kuja kutoka?

805
00:38:27,210 --> 00:38:29,670
Kilichokuwa Microsoft kufanya, labda?

806
00:38:29,670 --> 00:38:32,430
Kama wewe ni vizuri na mamlaka yako ya mbili?

807
00:38:32,430 --> 00:38:37,160
Naam, walikuwa kutumia 16-bit
thamani ya kuwakilisha idadi mstari.

808
00:38:37,160 --> 00:38:41,310
Na mbili hadi 16 ni 65,536--
bala moja, kwa sababu kama wewe

809
00:38:41,310 --> 00:38:45,414
sifuri ripoti ina maana kwamba alikuwa
zaidi idadi ya mistari mimi naweza kuwa.

810
00:38:45,414 --> 00:38:46,830
Na ilikuwa ni uamuzi wa kubuni.

811
00:38:46,830 --> 00:38:52,760
Kwa kuokoa 16 bits, wao mdogo kwangu
kwa safu 16,000, badala ya bilioni 4,

812
00:38:52,760 --> 00:38:54,322
ambayo mimi naweza kuwa na walau.

813
00:38:54,322 --> 00:38:57,030
Lakini kwa sasa, tunakwenda
kuanzisha hii zaidi katika mazingira ya mtandao.

814
00:38:57,030 --> 00:39:00,390
Na nini ni nzuri kuhusu SQL ni kwamba hata
ingawa ni pretty nguvu na mzuri

815
00:39:00,390 --> 00:39:04,050
kisasa, ni kweli majipu
shughuli chini ya nne muhimu, nne

816
00:39:04,050 --> 00:39:08,060
kazi muhimu, kama wewe will-- kuchagua,
kwa retrieving data, kutafuta

817
00:39:08,060 --> 00:39:12,510
kwa data; kufuta au kufuta data;
kuingiza kwa ajili ya kuongeza safu ya database;

818
00:39:12,510 --> 00:39:13,410
na uboreshaji.

819
00:39:13,410 --> 00:39:17,010
Hivyo kama wewe milele kutumika Google
Spreadsheets, Apple Hesabu, Microsoft

820
00:39:17,010 --> 00:39:19,310
Excel, una kunyongwa,
zaidi uwezekano, kila

821
00:39:19,310 --> 00:39:22,530
wa shughuli hizo kama binadamu na
tu kutumia keyboard yako na mouse--

822
00:39:22,530 --> 00:39:26,050
kuingiza data, kwa kutumia macho yako
kuchagua au kutafuta data,

823
00:39:26,050 --> 00:39:28,360
au update data, au kufuta data.

824
00:39:28,360 --> 00:39:29,870
>> Hivyo hii ina maana gani?

825
00:39:29,870 --> 00:39:34,300
Naam, kabla ya imewekwa katika CS50
IDE ni mpango ujulikanao MySQL.

826
00:39:34,300 --> 00:39:37,050
Ni bure, wazi chanzo
Mbegu hiyo ni super maarufu.

827
00:39:37,050 --> 00:39:40,590
Facebook, kwa mfano, kuitumia hii
siku, miongoni mwa zana nyingine kwamba wanatumia.

828
00:39:40,590 --> 00:39:44,300
Na mengi ya Nje maarufu sana kutumia
ni katika sehemu kubwa kwa sababu ni haraka,

829
00:39:44,300 --> 00:39:45,230
na kwa sababu ni bure.

830
00:39:45,230 --> 00:39:46,820
Ingawa kwa hakika mbadala zipo.

831
00:39:46,820 --> 00:39:49,580
Na baadhi yenu wanaweza dabble kwa
mbadala kwa ajili ya miradi ya mwisho.

832
00:39:49,580 --> 00:39:55,330
>> Hii ni screenshot, wakati huo huo, bila
chombo mtandao msingi inayoitwa phpMyAdmin.

833
00:39:55,330 --> 00:39:58,260
Ni kwa bahati mbaya kuwa
chombo hiki mtandao msingi ni pia

834
00:39:58,260 --> 00:40:01,720
Imeandikwa katika lugha, PHP,
lakini nini ni maana ya kufanya

835
00:40:01,720 --> 00:40:04,620
ni kutupa msingi mtandao
interface kwa database.

836
00:40:04,620 --> 00:40:07,180
Kwa sababu MySQL kawaida ni
kitu, kihistoria, wewe

837
00:40:07,180 --> 00:40:08,770
ingekuwa kuingiliana na tu
na mstari amri.

838
00:40:08,770 --> 00:40:10,811
Na itakuwa super
annoying na arcane kuwa

839
00:40:10,811 --> 00:40:14,487
kwa aina amri textual kuchagua
data, kuingiza data, na kufuta data.

840
00:40:14,487 --> 00:40:16,820
Hivyo baadhi ya watu kwenye mtandao
aliandika mpango mtandao msingi

841
00:40:16,820 --> 00:40:18,900
kwamba hebu kusimamia
data katika database yetu.

842
00:40:18,900 --> 00:40:23,040
Ni kama kubonyeza mara mbili juu ya Excel, na
mbio toleo mtandao msingi wake.

843
00:40:23,040 --> 00:40:26,370
>> Na nini wewe ni kwenda kutumia hii kwa
hatimaye wiki ijayo, si katika p-kuweka sita,

844
00:40:26,370 --> 00:40:28,680
lakini ni kujenga kitu
aitwaye CS50 Fedha, ambayo

845
00:40:28,680 --> 00:40:32,630
ni kwenda na orodha ya
watumiaji, na majina ya utumiaji na nywila,

846
00:40:32,630 --> 00:40:34,860
dola ni sawa kuwa wao
kuwa katika akaunti zao za benki.

847
00:40:34,860 --> 00:40:37,280
Ni kwenda kuwa
kitu unaweza kutumia ili kuhifadhi

848
00:40:37,280 --> 00:40:39,910
alama na kiasi
ya hifadhi ya kwamba watumiaji

849
00:40:39,910 --> 00:40:42,567
nimenunua kwa kutumia virtual
dola kwamba utasikia kuwapa.

850
00:40:42,567 --> 00:40:44,900
Na ni kwenda kuruhusu watumiaji
kujiandikisha kwa ajili ya tovuti yako,

851
00:40:44,900 --> 00:40:47,190
hivyo kwamba hata rafiki yako
Unaweza tune katika tovuti yako

852
00:40:47,190 --> 00:40:49,360
na kwa kweli kujiandikisha,
kuingia katika, na kucheza karibu

853
00:40:49,360 --> 00:40:52,807
na kujaribu kupata kosa katika kanuni yako,
na kujaribu kupata mende katika tovuti yako.

854
00:40:52,807 --> 00:40:55,390
Na wao itabidi tu kujiandikisha na
kuongeza wenyewe, kwa ufanisi,

855
00:40:55,390 --> 00:40:58,120
kupitia kificho kuandika kwa orodha yako.

856
00:40:58,120 --> 00:41:02,470
>> Kwa mfano, hii ni screenshot haraka
yale orodha ili kuangalia kama.

857
00:41:02,470 --> 00:41:05,190
Hii ilikuwa ni kutoka kwa mmoja wa
solutions-- mwaka jana

858
00:41:05,190 --> 00:41:07,760
hii ni kama mini Excel
faili, kuhifadhiwa katika orodha yetu,

859
00:41:07,760 --> 00:41:09,950
kuhifadhiwa katika programu hii inaitwa MySQL.

860
00:41:09,950 --> 00:41:13,260
Upande wa kushoto, nimekuwa inaonekana
kutokana na kila mtumiaji Idadi ya kipekee.

861
00:41:13,260 --> 00:41:16,200
Katika safu ya pili, Nimekupa
kila mtu mtumiaji name-- yangu mwenyewe

862
00:41:16,200 --> 00:41:16,880
kati yao.

863
00:41:16,880 --> 00:41:21,430
Na upande wa kulia,
Nimekuwa amewapa hash.

864
00:41:21,430 --> 00:41:26,760
>> Sasa hii ni kweli neno la siri,
lakini siyo Nakala wazi password.

865
00:41:26,760 --> 00:41:30,160
Ni nenosiri encrypted, ikiwa
wewe, au nywila hash.

866
00:41:30,160 --> 00:41:32,000
Ambayo tutaweza kurudi kwa kabla ya muda mrefu.

867
00:41:32,000 --> 00:41:34,340
>> Lakini kama wameweza milele kusoma
makala kuhusu jinsi

868
00:41:34,340 --> 00:41:37,950
password yako katika baadhi ya benki au baadhi
tovuti anaweza kuwa kuathirika,

869
00:41:37,950 --> 00:41:39,630
inaweza kwa ujumla maana moja ya mambo mawili.

870
00:41:39,630 --> 00:41:42,780
Hivyo hii ni tu Excerpt ya watumiaji sita.

871
00:41:42,780 --> 00:41:45,460
Wote wa sasa unaweza kufikiri
nje kupitia kukatwakatwa au ngozi

872
00:41:45,460 --> 00:41:47,690
nini siri watu wetu sita ya watu.

873
00:41:47,690 --> 00:41:49,720
Lakini kama wameweza milele wamezipata
tahadhari au kuomba msamaha

874
00:41:49,720 --> 00:41:52,803
kutoka kampuni au tovuti msemo,
pole, hacker kuvunja katika orodha yetu,

875
00:41:52,803 --> 00:41:56,360
unapaswa pengine mabadiliko yako
neno la siri, nini kinaweza kuwa ina maana gani?

876
00:41:56,360 --> 00:41:59,670
>> Naam, moja, inaweza kuwa na maana
Kampuni imekuwa zaidi moronic,

877
00:41:59,670 --> 00:42:03,630
na imekuwa hifadhi password yako
katika safu kama hii, kimaandishi.

878
00:42:03,630 --> 00:42:05,840
Ambayo ina maana mshitaki,
ambaye aliiba database,

879
00:42:05,840 --> 00:42:07,440
halisi anajua yako
jina la mtumiaji na neno la siri.

880
00:42:07,440 --> 00:42:08,960
Hiyo ni uwezekano hali mbaya zaidi.

881
00:42:08,960 --> 00:42:11,710
Na kama utaona katika p-kuweka
saba, hivyo ni rahisi kuepuka.

882
00:42:11,710 --> 00:42:15,624
Hakuna kabisa sababu ya kuwa
aina ya ujinga katika biashara ya leo.

883
00:42:15,624 --> 00:42:18,540
Two-- na tutaweza kupata baadhi ya makala
kushuhudia ukweli kwamba hii bado

884
00:42:18,540 --> 00:42:21,710
itatendeka, nonetheless--
mbili, labda adui

885
00:42:21,710 --> 00:42:23,840
aliiba hili toleo la database.

886
00:42:23,840 --> 00:42:27,110
Ambayo bado ni aina ya mbaya, kwa sababu sasa
wanajua kwamba nina wateja sita,

887
00:42:27,110 --> 00:42:29,270
Najua majina user
ya wateja hao sita,

888
00:42:29,270 --> 00:42:32,910
na najua encrypted
matoleo, au matoleo heshi,

889
00:42:32,910 --> 00:42:34,340
ya nywila wale wateja sita '.

890
00:42:34,340 --> 00:42:37,010
Lakini yeyote katika nyinyi ambaye anaweza
wamefanya [? Hacker 2?]

891
00:42:37,010 --> 00:42:41,150
ambapo kupasuka siri, au alichukua
a tuangalie kwamba toleo la tatizo

892
00:42:41,150 --> 00:42:46,280
kuweka, kwa nini ni bado inatia mashaka kidogo
kama adui anajua hash yako

893
00:42:46,280 --> 00:42:47,435
nywila?

894
00:42:47,435 --> 00:42:49,732
>> Watazamaji: Kwa sababu hawakuweza
kuingia kamusi nzima

895
00:42:49,732 --> 00:42:50,690
ndani ya heshi.

896
00:42:50,690 --> 00:42:54,520
Na kama password yako ni kamusi
neno, [? wanaweza tu match--?]

897
00:42:54,520 --> 00:42:57,640
>> DAVID Malan: Hasa, adui
unaweza tu kuandika kanuni, kama baadhi yenu

898
00:42:57,640 --> 00:43:00,526
alifanya kwa [? Hacker?] 2,
ambapo wewe iterate juu ya

899
00:43:00,526 --> 00:43:03,400
maneno yote katika kamusi,
au michanganyiko yote uwezekano wa A

900
00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:06,610
kupitia Z na moja kupitia nine--
ambayo inaonekana kama mengi, na ni.

901
00:43:06,610 --> 00:43:08,361
Lakini kwa kompyuta,
ni pretty darn haraka.

902
00:43:08,361 --> 00:43:10,610
Na kwa kweli, kwamba alikuwa
hatua ya [? Hacker 2,?] Alikuwa

903
00:43:10,610 --> 00:43:12,540
kuchukua mambo ambayo
halisi inaonekana kama hii,

904
00:43:12,540 --> 00:43:14,900
na mhandisi reverse
nini ni kweli alikuwa.

905
00:43:14,900 --> 00:43:17,270
>> Hivyo tutaangalia jinsi tunaweza
kuhifadhi hii kwa ufanisi zaidi.

906
00:43:17,270 --> 00:43:20,210
Zamu nje, nashiriki katika MySQL,
kuna ni kwenda kuwa aina ya data.

907
00:43:20,210 --> 00:43:22,800
Na moja ya sehemu furaha kuhusu
kubuni Mbegu, kwa kuwa waaminifu,

908
00:43:22,800 --> 00:43:25,810
ni kweli kuamua kwa ajili yako mwenyewe
ni jinsi gani wewe kuwakilisha data?

909
00:43:25,810 --> 00:43:29,630
Lazima wewe kuwakilisha idadi ya simu kama
int, kama idadi kubwa, au kwa muda mrefu?

910
00:43:29,630 --> 00:43:31,630
Au wewe kweli kufanya hivyo
kama mlolongo wa chars?

911
00:43:31,630 --> 00:43:33,780
Na kunaweza kuwa sana
athari zisizo yasiyo na maana ya hii.

912
00:43:33,780 --> 00:43:36,714
>> Kwa kweli, moja ya
mwanzo, furaha hadithi germane

913
00:43:36,714 --> 00:43:39,880
ni wakati Mark Zuckerberg alikuwa anajenga
Facebook, awali ilikuwa imeandikwa katika,

914
00:43:39,880 --> 00:43:42,300
na bado kwa kiasi kikubwa imeandikwa katika PHP.

915
00:43:42,300 --> 00:43:45,400
Na moja ya changamoto kubwa
wao wanakabiliwa mapema ilikuwa kuongeza.

916
00:43:45,400 --> 00:43:48,820
Wakati wameshika kuongeza shule baada ya
shule baada ya shule, kwa ufahamu wangu,

917
00:43:48,820 --> 00:43:51,639
moja ya ufumbuzi awali
alikuwa kimsingi nakala na kuweka

918
00:43:51,639 --> 00:43:53,430
baadhi ya database
na baadhi ya kanuni,

919
00:43:53,430 --> 00:43:55,346
ili Harvard alikuwa
mbio juu ya kompyuta yake mwenyewe,

920
00:43:55,346 --> 00:43:56,995
na MIT alikuwa akikimbia kwenye kompyuta yake mwenyewe.

921
00:43:56,995 --> 00:43:59,120
Na hii ndiyo sababu, kwa baadhi
ambao wanaweza kukumbuka,

922
00:43:59,120 --> 00:44:01,510
unaweza kuwa na marafiki
katika mitandao mingine.

923
00:44:01,510 --> 00:44:05,050
>> Pengine hawana marafiki
MIT au Harvard miaka 10 au hivyo iliyopita,

924
00:44:05,050 --> 00:44:07,467
lakini hawakuweza span mitandao
kwa sehemu kwa sababu hiyo.

925
00:44:07,467 --> 00:44:10,550
Na moja ya changamoto kubwa kwa
Mark na kwa makampuni kama Facebook

926
00:44:10,550 --> 00:44:13,460
ni kweli utunzaji mamia
na maelfu na mamilioni

927
00:44:13,460 --> 00:44:14,460
ya maombi kwa pili.

928
00:44:14,460 --> 00:44:16,501
Hivyo mambo tutaweza kuanza
kuzungumza juu ya wiki hii

929
00:44:16,501 --> 00:44:19,860
ni kweli kwenda kuwa germane na
kuandika programu bora, na maarufu

930
00:44:19,860 --> 00:44:23,040
zana ya kufanikiwa
wanaweza kushughulikia kura ya watumiaji.

931
00:44:23,040 --> 00:44:25,460
>> Hivyo tutaweza majadiliano juu ya mambo
kama Indexing na kutafuta,

932
00:44:25,460 --> 00:44:26,910
lakini hiyo ni kwa ajili ya leo.

933
00:44:26,910 --> 00:44:28,780
Tutaona wewe kwa zaidi juu ya Jumatano.

934
00:44:28,780 --> 00:44:31,780

935
00:44:31,780 --> 00:44:33,902
>> [Music - "Seinfeld" THEME]

936
00:44:33,902 --> 00:44:35,943
DAVID Malan: Wewe unaweza na
hivyo, na Ondoa kutoka humo.

937
00:44:35,943 --> 00:44:38,859
Na huna kwa fimbo na
baadhi ya kiasi kabla ya kuamua ya kumbukumbu.

938
00:44:38,859 --> 00:44:40,580
Naam, nini kwamba kwenda kuitwa?

939
00:44:40,580 --> 00:44:42,369
>> SPIKA 1: Naam, nini kinaendelea?

940
00:44:42,369 --> 00:44:43,535
SPIKA 2: Nini maana?

941
00:44:43,535 --> 00:44:44,451
Yeye kutoa hotuba.

942
00:44:44,451 --> 00:44:47,650
DAVID Malan: Na tunaweza kutumia
kazi kuitwa malloc kwa memory--

943
00:44:47,650 --> 00:44:50,050
>> SPIKA 1: Kwanini mikono yake kusonga?

944
00:44:50,050 --> 00:44:52,450
>> SPIKA 2: Naam that's--
unajua, hiyo ni kawaida.

945
00:44:52,450 --> 00:44:57,162
Ni tu kama yeye ana haki
sausages kubwa kunyongwa huko.

946
00:44:57,162 --> 00:44:59,040
>> SPIKA 1: Hiyo ni kawaida?

947
00:44:59,040 --> 00:45:03,096
>> SPIKA 2: Yeah, nadhani sisi
tu kudhani yeye ajali

948
00:45:03,096 --> 00:45:06,840
kubadilishwa kuondoa harufu yake pamoja na gundi.

949
00:45:06,840 --> 00:45:07,608