1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,060 >> [Music kucheza] 2 00:00:05,060 --> 00:00:05,890 >> DOUG LLOYD: Sawa. 3 00:00:05,890 --> 00:00:08,680 Basi hebu majadiliano kuhusu jinsi ya kutumia Linux mstari amri. 4 00:00:08,680 --> 00:00:11,860 Sasa, CS50 IDE, au katika kweli, hata appliance CS50, 5 00:00:11,860 --> 00:00:15,210 kama wewe ni ukoo na kwamba, au wewe ni kuchukua toleo la wazee wa CS50, 6 00:00:15,210 --> 00:00:17,420 ni mashine wingu makao ambayo inaendesha Ubuntu, 7 00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:20,259 ambayo ni moja ya ladha nyingi ya Linux mfumo wa uendeshaji. 8 00:00:20,259 --> 00:00:22,300 Linux mfumo wa uendeshaji ni Maria kwa programmers, 9 00:00:22,300 --> 00:00:25,690 kwa sababu ni tu baridi, sawa? 10 00:00:25,690 --> 00:00:29,170 >> Wengi wa kisasa mgawanyo Linux na interfaces user graphical, 11 00:00:29,170 --> 00:00:33,710 ambayo sisi pia kupiga GUIs, G-U-mimi, ili kuruhusu rahisi panya makao urambazaji, 12 00:00:33,710 --> 00:00:36,920 ambayo wewe pengine ukoo na, kama wewe ni Windows au Mac user, 13 00:00:36,920 --> 00:00:39,961 wakiogelea panya yako, mbili-kubonyeza icons, na kadhalika. 14 00:00:39,961 --> 00:00:42,210 Bado ingawa, kama programu, na hata kama IDE 15 00:00:42,210 --> 00:00:44,800 ina uwezo wa kufanya baadhi ya mtumiaji graphical 16 00:00:44,800 --> 00:00:47,400 mambo, kubonyeza, na akawatoa, na yote hayo, 17 00:00:47,400 --> 00:00:50,197 wewe utakuwa bado kuwa kutumia yako terminal dirisha pretty mara kwa mara. 18 00:00:50,197 --> 00:00:52,280 Na unaweza kufanya mengi ya kazi ile ile ambayo unaweza 19 00:00:52,280 --> 00:00:53,905 kufanya na panya na amri keyboard. 20 00:00:53,905 --> 00:00:56,821 Na tunakwenda kuzungumza kidogo kuhusu nini baadhi ya amri hizo 21 00:00:56,821 --> 00:00:58,050 ni hivi sasa. 22 00:00:58,050 --> 00:01:02,490 >> Sasa, amri hizi zinaweza kutumika juu ya wowote wa uendeshaji Unix-msingi 23 00:01:02,490 --> 00:01:06,790 mfumo, ambayo ni pamoja na Linux, lakini pia ni pamoja na Mac OS. 24 00:01:06,790 --> 00:01:12,930 Kama wewe kufungua Terminal juu ya Mac yako, unaweza kutumia amri hizi halisi. 25 00:01:12,930 --> 00:01:15,705 Madirisha pia ina amri Haraka, lakini baadhi ya amri 26 00:01:15,705 --> 00:01:17,871 ni tofauti kidogo, hivyo haina kweli kazi, 27 00:01:17,871 --> 00:01:20,080 kwa sababu Windows ni si mfumo Unix-msingi. 28 00:01:20,080 --> 00:01:22,620 >> Basi hebu tuangalie baadhi ya amri hizi Linux. 29 00:01:22,620 --> 00:01:26,100 Moja ya kwanza kwamba utasikia pengine kutumia mengi kabisa ni ls. 30 00:01:26,100 --> 00:01:30,410 Hiyo ni ndogo l, ikifuatiwa na lowercase s, ambayo ni fupi kwa orodha. 31 00:01:30,410 --> 00:01:33,720 Na nini orodha amri gani ni anatoa readout ya mafaili yote 32 00:01:33,720 --> 00:01:35,670 na folders katika saraka yako ya sasa. 33 00:01:35,670 --> 00:01:39,430 Hivyo unaweza kuona kila kitu unaweza kupata kutoka ambapo sasa ni. 34 00:01:39,430 --> 00:01:41,545 >> Hivyo nimekuwa wazi juu hapa CS50 IDE. 35 00:01:41,545 --> 00:01:44,540 Na mimi nina kwenda kuvuta-katika katika pili kukupa kuangalia kwa karibu, 36 00:01:44,540 --> 00:01:47,240 lakini hapa ni picha pana nini IDE inaonekana kama. 37 00:01:47,240 --> 00:01:49,580 Upande wa kushoto, unaweza kuona tuna faili mti, ambayo wewe pengine 38 00:01:49,580 --> 00:01:52,663 ukoo na, mara mbili-kubonyeza, na files folders, na mambo ambayo yote. 39 00:01:52,663 --> 00:01:54,694 Hivyo hiyo ni bado kuna katika appliance CS50. 40 00:01:54,694 --> 00:01:57,860 Katika kituo katika juu ni mahali ambapo wewe ni kwenda kuwa kuandika kanuni yako, mara moja 41 00:01:57,860 --> 00:01:58,960 wewe click kwenye faili. 42 00:01:58,960 --> 00:02:00,900 Na chini, sisi na dirisha terminal, 43 00:02:00,900 --> 00:02:04,040 ambayo ni wapi tunaweza kutekeleza amri hizi wastaafu. 44 00:02:04,040 --> 00:02:07,460 >> Mimi nina kwenda kuvuta-katika na kichwa juu hapa, tu 45 00:02:07,460 --> 00:02:12,360 kuonyesha kwamba, kwa kweli, siwezi click kwenye mafaili haya na folders. 46 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:17,010 Hivyo ni wazi, ambapo mimi sasa niko, nina folders mbili, iitwayo pset0 na pset1, 47 00:02:17,010 --> 00:02:20,520 na mafaili tatu, mtu mmoja aitwaye hello, moja inayoitwa hello.c, 48 00:02:20,520 --> 00:02:22,870 na mtu mmoja aitwaye hello.txt. 49 00:02:22,870 --> 00:02:27,100 >> Basi hebu hoja chini kwa wastaafu dirisha na kupata kuangalia kwa karibu. 50 00:02:27,100 --> 00:02:31,010 Hivyo sisi tu kuongea, tena, kuhusu ukweli kwamba tuna mafaili tatu na mbili 51 00:02:31,010 --> 00:02:32,970 folders katika saraka ya sasa. 52 00:02:32,970 --> 00:02:37,080 Kama mimi aina ls, ambayo tena ni amri kuorodhesha 53 00:02:37,080 --> 00:02:40,870 yaliyomo ya sasa directory, na kisha mimi hit Enter, 54 00:02:40,870 --> 00:02:47,220 kuangalia nini naona, hello, hello.c, hello.txt, pset0 na pset1. 55 00:02:47,220 --> 00:02:49,620 >> pset0 na pset1 ni rangi ya bluu, zinaonyesha 56 00:02:49,620 --> 00:02:52,420 na wewe kwamba wale ni directories kwamba tunaweza navigate ndani. 57 00:02:52,420 --> 00:02:54,503 Na tutaweza kujifunza kidogo kidogo kuhusu jinsi ya navigate 58 00:02:54,503 --> 00:02:56,290 ndani ya directories katika dakika. 59 00:02:56,290 --> 00:03:00,920 Na kila kitu kingine ni rangi nyeusi, ikiwa ni faili Nakala au chanzo kanuni 60 00:03:00,920 --> 00:03:03,590 faili, na kijani, ikiwa ni faili la kutekelezwa. 61 00:03:03,590 --> 00:03:06,367 Hivyo ni wazi, hiyo ina maana kwamba mimi kuweza kukimbia mpango ujulikanao, hodi. 62 00:03:06,367 --> 00:03:07,950 Hilo ndilo moja ya kijani huko maana yake. 63 00:03:07,950 --> 00:03:10,080 Lakini kimsingi, kuandika ls amri imeruhusu 64 00:03:10,080 --> 00:03:13,470 mimi wa kuangalia kila kitu kilichopo katika saraka yangu ya sasa, ambayo 65 00:03:13,470 --> 00:03:17,940 mechi nini tunaona hapa, katika graphical maonyesho ya sawa. 66 00:03:17,940 --> 00:03:19,940 Amri ya pili utasikia pengine kutumia kidogo kabisa 67 00:03:19,940 --> 00:03:24,792 ni CD, lowercase c, d ndogo, ambayo ni fupi kwa ajili ya mabadiliko directory. 68 00:03:24,792 --> 00:03:27,500 Hii inaruhusu sisi kufanya nini nilikuwa kuzungumza juu ya pili iliyopita, ambayo 69 00:03:27,500 --> 00:03:31,150 ni navigate kati Directories kwa amri 70 00:03:31,150 --> 00:03:33,700 mstari, kinyume na mara mbili-kubonyeza folders. 71 00:03:33,700 --> 00:03:37,250 Hivyo kama sisi aina cd na kisha jina la directory, 72 00:03:37,250 --> 00:03:40,890 tunaweza kupata katika saraka huo. 73 00:03:40,890 --> 00:03:44,680 >> Kama kando, tunajua kwamba jina ya saraka ya sasa daima 74 00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:48,670 dot, na jina la directory moja cha juu ambapo sisi ni sasa, 75 00:03:48,670 --> 00:03:54,820 kuwa ni jina la folder katika ambayo folder yetu ni, dot, dot-- 76 00:03:54,820 --> 00:03:56,851 au ambao folder yetu ni, ni dot, dot. 77 00:03:56,851 --> 00:03:59,350 Na kama wewe ni milele curious kuhusu jina la saraka yako, 78 00:03:59,350 --> 00:04:03,430 unaweza aina pwd, ambayo inasimamia kwa sasa kazi directory. 79 00:04:03,430 --> 00:04:06,827 Tutaweza kuchukua kuangalia yote haya sasa, na viongozi nyuma CS50 IDE. 80 00:04:06,827 --> 00:04:08,160 Hivyo mimi nina nyuma katika workspace yangu sasa. 81 00:04:08,160 --> 00:04:11,930 Na mimi itabidi kuvuta-tena kwenye wastaafu, ili tuweze kuchukua kuangalia 82 00:04:11,930 --> 00:04:14,209 katika wakiogelea ndani ya IDE. 83 00:04:14,209 --> 00:04:16,250 Hivyo nina kwenda kwa orodha yaliyomo ya saraka yangu 84 00:04:16,250 --> 00:04:19,220 tena, tu reground sisi katika tulipo. 85 00:04:19,220 --> 00:04:21,740 Hivyo kama mimi aina ls, ambayo ni kwa orodha tena, 86 00:04:21,740 --> 00:04:24,160 Mimi naona kwamba naweza kupata pset0 na pset1. 87 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:26,420 Hayo ni directories Siwezi kupata kutoka hapa. 88 00:04:26,420 --> 00:04:30,400 Najua kwamba, kwa sababu IDE inatoa mimi fununu hizo kwa kuzipaka rangi ya bluu. 89 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:33,295 >> Hebu kusema kwamba nataka kupata katika pset1 saraka yangu, 90 00:04:33,295 --> 00:04:35,310 kwa sababu mimi nina kazi ya tatizo kuweka 1. 91 00:04:35,310 --> 00:04:41,380 Siwezi aina cd-- tena, fupi kwa mabadiliko ya nafasi saraka, pset1. 92 00:04:41,380 --> 00:04:43,334 Na kama mimi hit Enter, taarifa nini kinatokea. 93 00:04:43,334 --> 00:04:45,000 Ni haina kuangalia kama mengi yamejitokeza. 94 00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:50,510 Lakini kama ukiangalia haraka, hivyo sasa ananiambia kwamba mimi niko katika ~ / workspace / pset1. 95 00:04:50,510 --> 00:04:55,510 Nimekuwa kutizamwa katika pset1 folder iliyokuwa ndani ya workspace yangu. 96 00:04:55,510 --> 00:05:00,560 >> Na kama mimi aina ls, naona baadhi mambo mbalimbali hapa, sawa? 97 00:05:00,560 --> 00:05:03,810 Hii si sawa orodha hiyo nikaona kabla. 98 00:05:03,810 --> 00:05:05,350 Nimekuwa kutizamwa katika pset1. 99 00:05:05,350 --> 00:05:08,560 Na hivyo sasa, wakati mimi aina ls, mimi nina kupata mazingira ya nini naweza 100 00:05:08,560 --> 00:05:12,600 kuona kutoka ndani ya pset1 folder. 101 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:16,056 >> Sasa, mimi nina kwenda aina kudhibiti l, ambayo clears tu screen. 102 00:05:16,056 --> 00:05:18,180 Na mimi nina kwenda kuorodhesha yaliyomo ya directory 103 00:05:18,180 --> 00:05:18,880 tena, ili tu unaweza kuona. 104 00:05:18,880 --> 00:05:20,730 Mimi nilitaka kufanya hivyo kwa wazi nje baadhi ya mambo 105 00:05:20,730 --> 00:05:22,521 kwamba aliona chini chini na kuzuia hili 106 00:05:22,521 --> 00:05:24,660 wasiende mbali mno chini nje ya mbalimbali. 107 00:05:24,660 --> 00:05:28,440 >> Sasa, nilivyosema awali kwamba, kama nataka navigate kwa directory sasa, 108 00:05:28,440 --> 00:05:31,580 Siwezi aina cd nafasi nukta. 109 00:05:31,580 --> 00:05:32,080 Hit Enter. 110 00:05:32,080 --> 00:05:33,330 Haina kufanya kitu chochote, sawa? 111 00:05:33,330 --> 00:05:35,480 Mimi kubadilisha directories kwa saraka ya sasa. 112 00:05:35,480 --> 00:05:37,813 Wewe si daima kwenda kupata haja ya single dot, 113 00:05:37,813 --> 00:05:39,540 lakini wewe mara kwa mara. 114 00:05:39,540 --> 00:05:41,950 >> Hebu kusema kwamba nataka hoja juu ya ngazi moja. 115 00:05:41,950 --> 00:05:44,450 Nataka kupata nyuma workspace saraka yangu. 116 00:05:44,450 --> 00:05:49,800 Siwezi aina cd workspace, hakuna vile faili au directory. 117 00:05:49,800 --> 00:05:52,780 Na sababu ya that-- kama mimi aina ls moja zaidi time-- 118 00:05:52,780 --> 00:05:58,060 ni kwamba hakuna directory aitwaye workspace ndani ya pset1 saraka yangu. 119 00:05:58,060 --> 00:06:00,275 Mimi nina kwenda wazi yangu screen tena na udhibiti l. 120 00:06:00,275 --> 00:06:02,150 Kumbuka kile alisema mapema, ingawa, kwamba sisi 121 00:06:02,150 --> 00:06:04,010 unaweza navigate nyuma na nukta, nukta. 122 00:06:04,010 --> 00:06:05,880 Hiyo ni jina la directory mzazi. 123 00:06:05,880 --> 00:06:10,727 Hivyo kama mimi aina cd, nafasi, dot, dot, na kisha hit Enter, 124 00:06:10,727 --> 00:06:11,810 sasa tuangalie kile kilichotokea. 125 00:06:11,810 --> 00:06:15,250 Amri yangu haraka ananiambia kwamba mimi nina nyuma katika ~ / workspace yangu directory. 126 00:06:15,250 --> 00:06:19,360 Mimi wakiongozwa juu ngazi moja, shukrani kwa dot, dot. 127 00:06:19,360 --> 00:06:23,400 >> Sasa, hebu kusema kwamba mimi nina kutumia mfumo wa uendeshaji ambayo ni Linux makao, 128 00:06:23,400 --> 00:06:25,440 lakini hana si lazima kuniambia ambapo mimi. 129 00:06:25,440 --> 00:06:28,370 Hii moja kinachotokea kwa kutuambia kwamba Mimi niko katika ~ / workspace sasa hivi, 130 00:06:28,370 --> 00:06:29,280 haki katika haraka. 131 00:06:29,280 --> 00:06:31,940 Lakini mimi naweza kuwa kabisa waliopotea katika fujo ya folders, 132 00:06:31,940 --> 00:06:34,946 na Mimi sijui ambapo mimi na sijui ambapo mimi nataka kupata nyuma. 133 00:06:34,946 --> 00:06:36,320 Kuna mambo mawili ambayo siwezi kufanya. 134 00:06:36,320 --> 00:06:40,920 >> Awali ya yote, siwezi kufikiri nje ambapo mimi, kwa kuandika pwd. 135 00:06:40,920 --> 00:06:42,720 Hiyo ni kazi directory yangu ya sasa. 136 00:06:42,720 --> 00:06:45,830 Na kama mimi hit Enter, ni anasema mimi hasa ambapo mimi. 137 00:06:45,830 --> 00:06:49,400 Sasa / nyumbani / ubuntu ni muda mrefu njia ya kusema, tilde, 138 00:06:49,400 --> 00:06:51,290 ambayo ni nyumbani saraka yako. 139 00:06:51,290 --> 00:06:56,540 Lakini anasema mimi kwamba mimi niko katika nyumbani / ubuntu / workspace, au ~ / workspace. 140 00:06:56,540 --> 00:07:00,700 >> Mimi nina kwenda navigate kwa pset1 saraka yangu tena, 141 00:07:00,700 --> 00:07:02,229 na mimi nina kwenda kwa orodha ya yaliyomo. 142 00:07:02,229 --> 00:07:04,770 Na mimi kuona kwamba mimi na mwingine directory huko, iitwayo extras. 143 00:07:04,770 --> 00:07:09,020 Hivyo nina kwenda kwa cd ndani ya extras, na kisha mimi nina kwenda kwa wazi screen yangu. 144 00:07:09,020 --> 00:07:11,540 >> Hivyo sasa, mimi nina pretty mbali katika, sawa? 145 00:07:11,540 --> 00:07:13,680 Nini kama nataka kuunga kwa workspace mara moja? 146 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:15,138 Kuna wanandoa mambo mimi naweza kufanya. 147 00:07:15,138 --> 00:07:18,750 Mimi naweza aina cd, dot, dot, kufyeka, dot, dot, na hoja juu ya ngazi moja na kisha 148 00:07:18,750 --> 00:07:19,640 ngazi nyingine. 149 00:07:19,640 --> 00:07:21,090 Lakini hiyo ni aina ya annoying. 150 00:07:21,090 --> 00:07:24,990 >> Hivyo kama mimi milele wanataka kupata nyuma tu wangu nyumbani directory, tilde, 151 00:07:24,990 --> 00:07:27,690 Siwezi aina cd na kitu baada yake. 152 00:07:27,690 --> 00:07:29,224 Cd, kuingia. 153 00:07:29,224 --> 00:07:30,140 Na sasa, mimi niko katika tilde. 154 00:07:30,140 --> 00:07:34,310 Na kama nataka kupata workspace, Siwezi aina tu cd workspace. 155 00:07:34,310 --> 00:07:36,770 Na kwamba ni jinsi gani kazi kubadilisha directories 156 00:07:36,770 --> 00:07:42,080 ndani ya CS50 IDE au Linux yoyote mfumo wa uendeshaji katika mstari amri. 157 00:07:42,080 --> 00:07:42,580 Sawa. 158 00:07:42,580 --> 00:07:45,610 Moja ijayo kwamba huenda kuja katika Handy ni mkdir, 159 00:07:45,610 --> 00:07:48,709 ambayo ni fupi kwa kufanya directory, kama mimi haja ya kujenga folder mpya. 160 00:07:48,709 --> 00:07:50,750 Kama wewe ni ukoo na GUI mfumo wa uendeshaji, 161 00:07:50,750 --> 00:07:51,820 unaweza haki-click. 162 00:07:51,820 --> 00:07:54,500 Na kisha, wakati orodha ya mazingira pops up, kuchagua New Folder. 163 00:07:54,500 --> 00:07:56,250 Kwamba pengine jinsi umefanya kosa kabla. 164 00:07:56,250 --> 00:08:00,979 Lakini tunaweza pia kujenga Directories katika mstari amri. 165 00:08:00,979 --> 00:08:02,020 Hivyo sisi ni nyuma katika IDE. 166 00:08:02,020 --> 00:08:08,020 Mimi itabidi kuvuta-katika juu ya wastaafu na orodha ya yaliyomo ya directory yangu 167 00:08:08,020 --> 00:08:11,882 tena, tu kutupa sura ya kumbukumbu. 168 00:08:11,882 --> 00:08:14,340 Hebu kusema kwamba, sasa, nimekuwa kumaliza kazi ya kuweka tatizo 0 169 00:08:14,340 --> 00:08:15,580 na tatizo kuweka 1. 170 00:08:15,580 --> 00:08:19,390 Hivyo nataka kuunda saraka mpya kufanyia kazi kwa kuweka tatizo 2. 171 00:08:19,390 --> 00:08:20,420 Je, mimi kufanya hivyo? 172 00:08:20,420 --> 00:08:24,132 >> Naam, tena, mimi naweza haki-click katika upande wa kushoto kuna na kuchagua New Folder 173 00:08:24,132 --> 00:08:25,340 na kujenga pset2 directory. 174 00:08:25,340 --> 00:08:26,240 Hiyo ingekuwa kazi pia. 175 00:08:26,240 --> 00:08:28,615 Lakini basi mimi pia kufanya hivyo katika mstari amri pretty haraka, 176 00:08:28,615 --> 00:08:35,049 kwa kuandika mkdir, space-- mimi typed katika n, but-- nafasi pset2. 177 00:08:35,049 --> 00:08:38,659 Kama mimi hit Enter na kisha mimi orodha yaliyomo ya saraka yangu tena, 178 00:08:38,659 --> 00:08:40,710 Mimi naona kwamba, kuangalia, sasa Nina pset2 folder. 179 00:08:40,710 --> 00:08:43,110 Na siwezi navigate ndani kwamba kwa kutumia CD na kufanya 180 00:08:43,110 --> 00:08:45,614 kazi yote mimi haja ya kufanya kwa pset2. 181 00:08:45,614 --> 00:08:48,530 Kwa bahati mbaya, mimi itabidi pop juu ya hapa kweli haraka na faili mti. 182 00:08:48,530 --> 00:08:53,494 Na unaweza kuona kwamba, pia, katika graphical Picha Explorer, 183 00:08:53,494 --> 00:08:56,160 tunaweza kuona kwamba pset2 directory Pia imeanzishwa huko. 184 00:08:56,160 --> 00:08:58,537 Na siwezi navigate kwa jambo hilo, kutumia GUI pia. 185 00:08:58,537 --> 00:09:00,870 Wakati mwingine na kwamba pengine ni kwenda kuja katika Handy 186 00:09:00,870 --> 00:09:03,650 ni cp, ambayo ni fupi kwa ajili ya nakala. 187 00:09:03,650 --> 00:09:06,960 Nakala tofauti na wengine wote, amri tumeona kabla, 188 00:09:06,960 --> 00:09:11,800 inachukua hoja mbili, chanzo, jina la faili kwamba unataka nakala, 189 00:09:11,800 --> 00:09:15,810 na marudio, ambapo unataka nakala faili kwa. 190 00:09:15,810 --> 00:09:19,490 Ni pretty rahisi nakala faili, hivyo hebu kufanya hivyo. 191 00:09:19,490 --> 00:09:20,640 >> Hivyo sisi ni nyuma katika IDE. 192 00:09:20,640 --> 00:09:24,540 Mimi nina kwenda orodha ya yaliyomo ya saraka yangu ya sasa na ls. 193 00:09:24,540 --> 00:09:28,310 Sasa, hebu kusema kwamba nataka kufanya nakala ya hello.txt. 194 00:09:28,310 --> 00:09:32,120 Tena, kutoka faili mti juu ya kushoto, interface graphical, 195 00:09:32,120 --> 00:09:35,969 Mimi naweza haki-click kwenye hello.txt, kufanya nakala, kuweka nakala. 196 00:09:35,969 --> 00:09:38,260 Lakini siwezi kufanya hivyo pretty haraka katika mstari amri pia. 197 00:09:38,260 --> 00:09:42,520 >> Hebu sema Nataka nakala hello.txt kwa hi.txt. 198 00:09:42,520 --> 00:09:45,850 Siwezi CP, nafasi, hello.txt. 199 00:09:45,850 --> 00:09:48,850 Hiyo ni chanzo faili yangu, hivyo ndiyo sababu Mimi nina kwenda kuchagua kwamba moja ya kwanza. 200 00:09:48,850 --> 00:09:51,058 Na kisha mimi haja kwa jina marudio ya faili, hi.txt. 201 00:09:51,058 --> 00:09:53,690 202 00:09:53,690 --> 00:09:54,620 Mimi hit Enter. 203 00:09:54,620 --> 00:09:57,930 Na kama mimi orodha ya yaliyomo ya yangu directory tena, kuna hi.txt. 204 00:09:57,930 --> 00:09:59,220 Mimi alifanya nakala yake. 205 00:09:59,220 --> 00:10:01,090 Na kwa kweli, ikiwa nilikwenda ndani ya hi.txt, mimi naweza 206 00:10:01,090 --> 00:10:04,030 kuona kwamba itakuwa halisi kurudia ya kila kitu ambacho 207 00:10:04,030 --> 00:10:08,330 kuwepo katika hello.txt faili yangu. 208 00:10:08,330 --> 00:10:09,790 >> Hivyo hiyo ni jinsi gani nakala faili. 209 00:10:09,790 --> 00:10:12,680 Lakini nini kama unataka nakala directory nzima? 210 00:10:12,680 --> 00:10:16,510 Hivyo kwa mara ya pili, hebu tuangalie katika nini katika pset0 saraka yangu. 211 00:10:16,510 --> 00:10:23,950 Kama mimi cd pset0 na orodha ya yaliyomo, Nina directory kuitwa, sampuli, 212 00:10:23,950 --> 00:10:26,252 na faili mwanzo, scratch.sb2. 213 00:10:26,252 --> 00:10:27,210 Hivyo hiyo ni vizuri kujua. 214 00:10:27,210 --> 00:10:29,800 Basi hebu wazi screen, na mimi nina kwenda nyuma 215 00:10:29,800 --> 00:10:32,870 kwa workspace yangu directory kwa ajili ya pili. 216 00:10:32,870 --> 00:10:36,630 >> Hebu kusema kwamba, sasa, nataka kufanya nakala ya pset0 saraka yangu. 217 00:10:36,630 --> 00:10:42,940 Siwezi kusema tu linganisha pset0 pset3, kwa mfano. 218 00:10:42,940 --> 00:10:46,220 Kupata ujumbe huu weird, omitting directory pset0. 219 00:10:46,220 --> 00:10:47,439 Kwa nini kupata ujumbe huo? 220 00:10:47,439 --> 00:10:49,730 Naam, ni zamu nje kwamba, wakati una directory kwamba 221 00:10:49,730 --> 00:10:53,150 ina mambo mengine ndani yake, amri linganisha haina kweli 222 00:10:53,150 --> 00:10:55,590 lazima kujua nini cha kufanya na hayo. 223 00:10:55,590 --> 00:10:59,670 >> Tunahitaji uwazi kuwaambia Linux, wastaafu, 224 00:10:59,670 --> 00:11:03,720 Nataka nakala pset0 directory na nakala 225 00:11:03,720 --> 00:11:07,530 kila folder kwamba ipo ndani ya yake na kila faili kwamba 226 00:11:07,530 --> 00:11:08,750 ipo ndani yake. 227 00:11:08,750 --> 00:11:13,270 Kwa maneno mengine, mimi haja ya wewe recursively mbizi chini ndani pset0 228 00:11:13,270 --> 00:11:15,660 na kufanya nakala ya kila kitu huko. 229 00:11:15,660 --> 00:11:25,280 >> Kama mimi nataka kufanya hivyo, nini siwezi kufanya ni linganisha-r, kwa kujirudia, pset0 pset3. 230 00:11:25,280 --> 00:11:26,850 Hit Enter. 231 00:11:26,850 --> 00:11:29,290 Sasa, kama mimi orodha yaliyomo ya saraka yangu, 232 00:11:29,290 --> 00:11:32,180 Mimi naona kuna pset3 directory niweze kazi pamoja. 233 00:11:32,180 --> 00:11:36,990 Na kama mimi cd ndani ya pset3 sasa na kisha orodha ya yaliyomo, angalia, 234 00:11:36,990 --> 00:11:39,594 kuna sampuli na scratch.sb2 tena. 235 00:11:39,594 --> 00:11:40,510 Hivyo hiyo ni pretty cool. 236 00:11:40,510 --> 00:11:43,819 Hivyo hiyo ni jinsi gani unaweza nakala nzima directory, na si tu faili moja. 237 00:11:43,819 --> 00:11:45,860 Hivyo kama unataka nakala directory, kumbuka tu 238 00:11:45,860 --> 00:11:49,830 kutumia bendera r wakati uko kufanya kazi na amri cp. 239 00:11:49,830 --> 00:11:50,330 Sawa. 240 00:11:50,330 --> 00:11:52,320 Hivyo nimekuwa kunakiliwa faili, lakini Mimi tumefanya hivyo kwa makosa. 241 00:11:52,320 --> 00:11:53,695 Na sasa, nataka kujikwamua ni. 242 00:11:53,695 --> 00:11:54,850 Je, mimi kufanya hivyo? 243 00:11:54,850 --> 00:11:56,830 Tena, kama wewe ni ukoo na GUI interface, 244 00:11:56,830 --> 00:11:58,310 unaweza haki-click na tu kuchagua Futa. 245 00:11:58,310 --> 00:12:00,630 Na kutakuwa na kutuma kwa takataka au Recycle Bin. 246 00:12:00,630 --> 00:12:03,320 Lakini katika mstari amri, sisi unaweza aina tu rm, kwa kuondoa, 247 00:12:03,320 --> 00:12:05,580 na kisha jina la faili tunataka kujikwamua. 248 00:12:05,580 --> 00:12:08,614 >> Sasa, rm ni makini sana. 249 00:12:08,614 --> 00:12:11,280 Ni gani mengi ya mara mbili-kuangalia, kuhakikisha kuwa wewe kweli 250 00:12:11,280 --> 00:12:12,377 unataka kufuta faili. 251 00:12:12,377 --> 00:12:15,460 Haitaki kufanya makosa yoyote, kwa sababu hakuna Bin Recycle hapa. 252 00:12:15,460 --> 00:12:17,010 Mara sisi kufuta faili, ni gone. 253 00:12:17,010 --> 00:12:18,710 Na kuna kweli hakuna njia ya kuokoa yake. 254 00:12:18,710 --> 00:12:20,730 Kwa hiyo, tunahitaji kuwa pretty makini, na hivyo rm 255 00:12:20,730 --> 00:12:23,110 ni kwenda kuwa kweli makini kwa ajili yetu. 256 00:12:23,110 --> 00:12:27,120 >> Basi hebu kwenda nyuma ya IDE na kujikwamua kwamba hi.txt faili 257 00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:29,640 kwamba mimi umba dakika iliyopita na nakala. 258 00:12:29,640 --> 00:12:30,560 Hivyo tuko katika IDE. 259 00:12:30,560 --> 00:12:33,180 Na mimi orodha ya yaliyomo ya directory yangu tena, tu kutupa baadhi ya mazingira. 260 00:12:33,180 --> 00:12:36,500 I mean, unaweza kuona kwamba kuna hi.txt, ambayo mimi umba kidogo iliyopita. 261 00:12:36,500 --> 00:12:38,196 Sasa, nataka kujikwamua ni. 262 00:12:38,196 --> 00:12:38,820 Je, mimi kufanya hivyo? 263 00:12:38,820 --> 00:12:39,810 >> Tena, tu Rm. 264 00:12:39,810 --> 00:12:46,220 Hivyo siwezi aina rm hi.txt na hit Enter. 265 00:12:46,220 --> 00:12:47,970 Na kuna rm kuwa kweli makini kwa ajili yetu 266 00:12:47,970 --> 00:12:50,178 na kuhakikisha sisi kweli unataka kufuta faili hii. 267 00:12:50,178 --> 00:12:52,784 Je, kweli unataka kuondoa mara kwa mara tupu faili hi.txt? 268 00:12:52,784 --> 00:12:55,200 Hiyo tu kama uendeshaji mfumo, kama Windows au Mac, 269 00:12:55,200 --> 00:12:56,310 kwamba unaweza kuwa ukoo na yanajitokeza 270 00:12:56,310 --> 00:12:58,770 sanduku kwamba anasema ni kweli uhakika unataka kufanya hivyo. 271 00:12:58,770 --> 00:13:01,228 >> Mimi nina uhakika pretty nataka hii, hivyo mimi nina kwenda aina, yes-- 272 00:13:01,228 --> 00:13:04,390 au mimi naweza pia tu aina y-- na hit Enter. 273 00:13:04,390 --> 00:13:08,620 Na kama mimi orodha ya yaliyomo ya yangu directory tena, hi.txt ni gone. 274 00:13:08,620 --> 00:13:10,000 Si mbaya, sawa? 275 00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:12,410 Hebu vyombo vya habari Kudhibiti L, tu kujikwamua mambo haya yote 276 00:13:12,410 --> 00:13:14,900 na kupata yetu nyuma katika juu ya screen. 277 00:13:14,900 --> 00:13:18,520 >> Sasa, kuna njia ya mzunguko mfupi rm, hivyo 278 00:13:18,520 --> 00:13:20,090 kuwa haina kuuliza sisi swali hilo. 279 00:13:20,090 --> 00:13:22,060 Sisi kweli kujua tunataka kujikwamua faili kwamba, 280 00:13:22,060 --> 00:13:23,490 na hatuna hata wanataka kuulizwa swali. 281 00:13:23,490 --> 00:13:24,720 Je, sisi kufanya hivyo? 282 00:13:24,720 --> 00:13:27,180 Naam, tunaweza kutaja bendera za ziada, tu kama sisi 283 00:13:27,180 --> 00:13:30,400 alivyofanya kwa linganisha ambapo sisi inaweza kuongeza bendera r, 284 00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:32,800 kwa recursively nakala katika saraka. 285 00:13:32,800 --> 00:13:35,630 Kuna bendera nyingine kwa rm, ambayo ni -f, 286 00:13:35,630 --> 00:13:39,470 ambayo ni kwa nguvu rm kufanya hasa nini sisi ni kuwaambia ni kufanya. 287 00:13:39,470 --> 00:13:44,610 >> Basi hebu kusema kwamba, sasa, nataka kujikwamua hello.txt faili yangu. 288 00:13:44,610 --> 00:13:46,490 Sitaki kuwa moja ama. 289 00:13:46,490 --> 00:13:47,370 Nini naweza kufanya? 290 00:13:47,370 --> 00:13:54,710 Naam, siwezi Rm -f hello.txt. 291 00:13:54,710 --> 00:13:57,530 Je, unafikiri ni kinaenda kutokea hapa? 292 00:13:57,530 --> 00:13:58,030 Ni gone. 293 00:13:58,030 --> 00:13:59,363 Hawakuwa hata kuuliza mimi swali. 294 00:13:59,363 --> 00:14:03,600 Na kwa kweli, kama mimi orodha ya yaliyomo ya saraka yangu tena, ni gone. 295 00:14:03,600 --> 00:14:05,750 Hakuna tengua hapa. 296 00:14:05,750 --> 00:14:09,554 hello.txt ni gone, na sikuwa hata kuulizwa kama nilitaka kufuta. 297 00:14:09,554 --> 00:14:11,595 Nini kama mimi wanataka kujikwamua ya saraka mzima? 298 00:14:11,595 --> 00:14:14,180 299 00:14:14,180 --> 00:14:17,039 Njia ya kufanya kwamba ni sawa na nakala. 300 00:14:17,039 --> 00:14:19,080 Kama unataka kufuta directory, huna tu 301 00:14:19,080 --> 00:14:22,121 unataka kufuta directory, unataka kufuta kila kitu ndani yake. 302 00:14:22,121 --> 00:14:26,250 Na hivyo kutumia r, kwa recursively kufuta directory. 303 00:14:26,250 --> 00:14:28,600 >> Basi hebu Rm r pset2. 304 00:14:28,600 --> 00:14:31,870 Mimi si kweli kazi juu ya pset2, hivyo siwezi kujikwamua directory huo. 305 00:14:31,870 --> 00:14:33,040 Mimi hit Enter. 306 00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:35,050 Je, Nataka kuondoa directory, pset2? 307 00:14:35,050 --> 00:14:37,160 Ndiyo, mimi kufanya. 308 00:14:37,160 --> 00:14:41,150 Na kama mimi orodha ya yaliyomo ya saraka yangu tena, ni gone. 309 00:14:41,150 --> 00:14:41,650 Sawa? 310 00:14:41,650 --> 00:14:43,739 >> Moja zaidi tofauti juu ya mada hii. 311 00:14:43,739 --> 00:14:46,280 Hivyo mimi itabidi wazi screen tena, kuweka kila kitu juu. 312 00:14:46,280 --> 00:14:47,420 Kugonga ls. 313 00:14:47,420 --> 00:14:49,890 Sasa, nataka kujikwamua ya pset3 saraka yangu, 314 00:14:49,890 --> 00:14:52,810 na mimi kwa kweli kujua nataka kujikwamua pset3 saraka yangu. 315 00:14:52,810 --> 00:15:00,120 Naweza recursively na kwa nguvu kuondoa pset3 saraka yangu. 316 00:15:00,120 --> 00:15:03,900 >> Sasa, wewe ni kwenda kuwa kweli makini wakati unatumia rm -rf. 317 00:15:03,900 --> 00:15:06,784 Kama wewe mpango zaidi, utakuwa ni kitu tu kufanya kweli haraka. 318 00:15:06,784 --> 00:15:08,200 Na kwa kweli, mimi kufanya hivyo wakati wote. 319 00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:10,380 Lakini inaweza kusababisha baadhi matokeo mabaya, 320 00:15:10,380 --> 00:15:12,340 kama ajali kufuta kitu kibaya. 321 00:15:12,340 --> 00:15:15,089 Hivyo mimi nataka wewe kuwa na ufahamu kwamba hii ni chaguo inapatikana na wewe, 322 00:15:15,089 --> 00:15:17,220 lakini matumizi yake haba, na matumizi yake kwa tahadhari. 323 00:15:17,220 --> 00:15:20,910 >> Najua kwa ukweli mimi si kazi juu ya tatizo langu kuweka 3 tena, hivyo mimi nina 324 00:15:20,910 --> 00:15:22,550 kwenda kujikwamua yote ya mafaili hizo. 325 00:15:22,550 --> 00:15:26,420 Na ninajua hawataki kuulizwa kila wakati kama nataka kufuta 326 00:15:26,420 --> 00:15:30,640 file, hivyo mimi nina kwenda kwa RM -rf pset3. 327 00:15:30,640 --> 00:15:32,640 Hawakuwa hata kuuliza mimi kama mimi alitaka kujikwamua ni. 328 00:15:32,640 --> 00:15:33,840 Mimi kugonga ls. 329 00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:35,680 pset3 ni gone. 330 00:15:35,680 --> 00:15:39,730 Hivyo hiyo ni tofauti wote kwamba wewe unaweza kutumia ili kujikwamua files na rm. 331 00:15:39,730 --> 00:15:43,620 >> Amri ya mwisho mstari amri hiyo ni kwenda pretty muhimu kwa ajili yenu 332 00:15:43,620 --> 00:15:46,391 ni mv, ambayo ni fupi kwa hoja. 333 00:15:46,391 --> 00:15:48,960 Hoja Je, kimsingi sawa na kubadili jina. 334 00:15:48,960 --> 00:15:53,870 Ni hatua ya faili kutoka eneo moja hadi mwingine, chanzo na marudio. 335 00:15:53,870 --> 00:15:59,400 Hebu angalia ambapo kwa kutumia hoja ya nguvu kuwa Handy katika dirisha wastaafu. 336 00:15:59,400 --> 00:16:02,070 >> Kwa hiyo mimi nina katika pset1 yangu directory, na nimekuwa niliona 337 00:16:02,070 --> 00:16:03,860 kitu amekwenda vibaya kidogo. 338 00:16:03,860 --> 00:16:08,620 Mimi alikuwa akifanya kazi kwenye tatizo langu tamaa, lakini mimi ajali jina lake ni greddy. 339 00:16:08,620 --> 00:16:11,380 Hivyo wakati mimi kujaribu na kukimbia kwa njia ya check50, ni kweli haina kazi. 340 00:16:11,380 --> 00:16:12,630 Mimi kufanya kuwa wanandoa wa chaguzi. 341 00:16:12,630 --> 00:16:16,220 Tunaweza kufanya kile ambacho tumefanya kabla, ambayo ni kufanya nakala ya faili. 342 00:16:16,220 --> 00:16:23,960 Mimi naweza nakala greddy.c kwa greedy.c, sawa? 343 00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:25,580 Hit Enter. 344 00:16:25,580 --> 00:16:28,180 Mimi naona kwamba mafaili yote mawili ni huko. 345 00:16:28,180 --> 00:16:36,337 Na kisha mimi naweza RM, kuondoa, greddy.c. 346 00:16:36,337 --> 00:16:37,170 Hiyo anapata kuondoa yake. 347 00:16:37,170 --> 00:16:40,920 Hivyo kwamba ingekuwa kazi, baada ya mimi kuthibitisha kuwa nataka kujikwamua ni. 348 00:16:40,920 --> 00:16:44,770 Na mimi kwa ufanisi na jina greddy.c kwa greedy.c. 349 00:16:44,770 --> 00:16:48,460 Mimi kunakiliwa yake, na kisha kuondolewa awali. 350 00:16:48,460 --> 00:16:50,170 >> Lakini hiyo ni mchakato hatua mbalimbali. 351 00:16:50,170 --> 00:16:51,670 Na hakika, kuna njia bora zaidi. 352 00:16:51,670 --> 00:16:52,420 Kwa kweli, kuna. 353 00:16:52,420 --> 00:16:55,810 Basi hebu kugonga Kudhibiti L, tu kuleta nyuma hii juu, 354 00:16:55,810 --> 00:16:58,680 na orodha ya yaliyomo ya saraka yangu tena. 355 00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:00,350 >> Hivyo hebu sema, loo, mimi alifanya makosa. 356 00:17:00,350 --> 00:17:03,470 Mimi kwa kweli kweli hakuwa wanataka kuwaita kwamba faili greddy.c. 357 00:17:03,470 --> 00:17:11,369 Katika moja akapiga swoop, siwezi aina hoja ya greedy.c kwa greddy.c. 358 00:17:11,369 --> 00:17:12,470 Hit Enter. 359 00:17:12,470 --> 00:17:15,210 Na sasa, sikuwa na na nakala na kuondoa hiyo, 360 00:17:15,210 --> 00:17:16,880 I just alikuwa na uwezo wa kubadili jina hilo. 361 00:17:16,880 --> 00:17:18,710 Moja ya kuacha ununuzi. 362 00:17:18,710 --> 00:17:21,160 >> Sasa, kuna mengi ya wengine msingi mstari amri yanayotoa 363 00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:22,640 kwamba unaweza kutumia kwa Linux mstari amri. 364 00:17:22,640 --> 00:17:24,990 Na tutaweza kujadili mengi wao katika siku zijazo katika CS50. 365 00:17:24,990 --> 00:17:27,948 Lakini kwa sasa, tu kupata miguu yako mvua na kufanya kazi na wastaafu huu 366 00:17:27,948 --> 00:17:30,540 mazingira, amri hizi tano lazima kupata wewe pretty mbali 367 00:17:30,540 --> 00:17:34,990 katika navigering kuzunguka na kufanya kazi na mafaili katika IDE yako 368 00:17:34,990 --> 00:17:37,770 au katika chochote Linux makao mfumo wa uendeshaji unatumia. 369 00:17:37,770 --> 00:17:40,580 >> Kama wewe ni curious na unataka kuangalia mbele kidogo katika baadhi 370 00:17:40,580 --> 00:17:43,420 amri ya mstari amri tutaweza kutumia katika siku zijazo, 371 00:17:43,420 --> 00:17:46,930 hapa ni orodha ya wanandoa miongoni mwa walio zaidi ya kawaida. 372 00:17:46,930 --> 00:17:47,820 Mimi nina Doug Lloyd. 373 00:17:47,820 --> 00:17:49,860 Hii ni CS50. 374 00:17:49,860 --> 00:17:52,598