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DOUG LLYOYD: namba Hivyo hexadecimal,
kana kwamba sisi zinahitajika namba nyingine msingi

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Mpango wa kulia?

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Naam, tamaduni nyingi za Magharibi,
kama pengine ni ukoo,

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kutumia alisema system-- msingi
10, kuiwakilisha data.

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Tuna tarakimu 0,
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7,8,9.

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Na kama tunahitaji kuwakilisha
maadili juu kuliko tisa,

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tunaweza kuchanganya tarakimu wale
kutumia dhana ya thamani mahali.

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Hivyo kwa 10, tuna 1
tarakimu na kufuatiwa na 0 tarakimu

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na sisi intuitively kuelewa
kwamba kile sisi ni kufanya

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kuna sisi ni kuzidisha
kwanza 1 na 10,

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na kisha kuongeza 0 kwa jumla ya 10.

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Kompyuta kufanya kitu pretty
sawa, kama wewe pengine ukoo,

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na mapacha system-- msingi 2.

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Tofauti kuwepo
kwamba kuna watu tarakimu tu 2

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kufanya kazi with-- 0 na 1.

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Na hivyo maadili yetu mahali,
badala ya kuwa moja,

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kumi, mia, elfu, kama wao
itakuwa katika mfumo alisema,

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ni moja, mbili, nne, nane, na kadhalika.

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Hapa ni kitu ingawa,
wale wa 0 na 1, hasa

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kama sisi ni kuwa wanasayansi wa kompyuta
na sisi ni kufanya mengi ya programu

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au kufanya kazi na kompyuta, walikuwa wanakwenda
kuwa kuona mengi ya idadi mapacha.

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Na wale 0 na 1 ya minyororo kubwa
inaweza kuwa vigumu sana kuchanganua.

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Hatuwezi tu kuangalia kamba ya
0 na 1 na lazima kujua

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hasa ni nini.

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Lakini bado ni muhimu kuwa na uwezo
data kueleza kwa namna moja

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kwamba kompyuta gani.

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Tuna wazo hili la
mfumo hexadecimal, ambayo ni

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msingi 16, badala ya msingi 10 au msingi 2.

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Ambayo ina maana kwamba tuna 16 ya tarakimu
kufanya kazi na badala ya 10 au 2.

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Na ni mengi zaidi
njia mafupi kueleza

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Maelezo mapacha kwenye mfumo wa kompyuta,
ni zaidi ya binadamu kueleweka.

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Hivyo tuna tarakimu
0 kupitia 9, na kisha

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sisi pia kuwa hizi sita za ziada digits--,
b, c, d, e, f na, ambayo kuwakilisha 10,

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dhana yetu ya 10, 11, 12,
13, 14 na 15, katika alisema.

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Wakati mwingine, kwa njia, utasikia pia
kuona haya a hadi miaka ya f kama mtaji A

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kupitia F, ambayo ni
njia ya mimi huwa na kufanya hivyo.

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Ni tu kuliko yangu
style, lakini ama ni mzuri,

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nao wote wawili kuwakilisha pretty
much kitu kimoja.

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>> Hivyo kwa nini ni hexadesimoli baridi?

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Kwa nini tunahitaji kutumia hii
mengine ya ziada ya msingi?

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Tayari tuna 2 na
10, kwa nini tunahitaji 16?

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Naam 16 ni nguvu ya 2, na hivyo
kila tarakimu hexadesimoli, 0 kupitia f,

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sambamba na kipekee
kuagiza, au kipekee mpangilio

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ya 4 mapacha tarakimu, 4 bits.

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Na hivyo kwa maana kwamba, tunaweza kueleza
muda mrefu sana, ngumu, mapacha idadi

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katika hexadesimoli katika
mengi zaidi mafupi njia,

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bila ya kupoteza taarifa au kuwa na
kufanya mabadiliko hasa mbaya

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juu ya namba hizo.

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>> Kwa hiyo, kama mimi tu alisema,
kila tarakimu hexadesimoli

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sambamba na kipekee
mpangilio wa 4 mapacha tarakimu.

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Hivyo kamba mapacha 0000
sambamba na hexadesimoli tarakimu 0.

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0110 sambamba na hexadesimoli tarakimu 6.

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Na 1111 sambamba
kwa hexadesimoli tarakimu f.

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Kama wewe ni kuangalia katika
chati hii, hasa

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kama wewe ni kuangalia kwa
upande wa kushoto wa chati,

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unaweza tayari kuona kuna
kidogo ya tatizo utata hapa.

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Alisema 0 ni kiasi pretty
kutofautishwa na hexadesimoli 0,

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nyingine zaidi ya ukweli kwamba ni chini ya
safu kwamba anasema hexadesimoli.

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>> Lakini sisi pengine si mara zote
kuwa na safu kwamba kuna.

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Kwa ujumla wakati sisi wanaonyesha
idadi katika hexadesimoli nukuu

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ili kutenganisha wazi wazi
yao kutoka nukuu alisema,

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sisi kwa kawaida kiambishi yao
pamoja kiambishi 0x.

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0x maana yoyote katika hali halisi,
ni tu fununu kwetu kama binadamu

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kwamba kile sisi ni juu ya kuona,
au kuhusu kuanza parsing,

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ni hexadesimoli idadi.

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Ni wazi kwa tarakimu ya juu, b,
c, d, f na, ambayo yanahusiana na 10-15

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ni pretty utata hiyo ni
hiyo ni hexadesimoli idadi.

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Na kwa kweli, hexadecimal yoyote
idadi hiyo ina barua ndani yake,

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pengine ni pretty wazi
kama idadi hexadesimoli.

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Lakini, bado, kwa
ajili ya ufafanuzi, ni

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Daima ni wazo nzuri ya
kiambishi kila wakati

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rejea tarakimu hexadesimoli kama
idadi na prefixing 0x.

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>> Hivyo, binary, kama sisi
Alisema, ina maadili mahali.

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Kuna wale mahali, wawili-wawili mahali,
fours mahali, na mahali eights.

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Na alisema pia ina nafasi maadili,
ndio, mamia, mamia na maelfu

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kwamba sisi sote kukumbuka
kutoka daraja shule.

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Na hexadesimoli hakuna
ubaguzi hapa, kwa kweli.

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Pia ina nafasi maadili lakini badala
ya kuwa mamlaka ya 2 au nguvu za 10,

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wao uko nguvu za 16.

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>> Hivyo tunaona idadi kama sisi hii
pretty wazi kujua ni 397, sawa?

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Vizuri kama sisi kuona idadi kama hii,
tunajua hii si 397 tena.

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Hii ni hexadesimoli
idadi 3-9 na saba.

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Siyo 397, ina maana
kitu tofauti,

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kwa sababu sisi ni kutumia nguvu za 16 kama wote
la mahali maadili yetu badala ya madaraka

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ya 10.

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Kwa kweli, maadili mahali hapa ingekuwa
kuwa ndio mahali, sixteens mahali,

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na mahali mia mbili-hamsini sixes,
ambayo yanahusiana na wazo yetu ya wale

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mahali, mamia mahali, na mamia
mahali, kama idadi ni 397.

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Lakini tangu ni 0x 397, tuna
a ndio mahali, sixteens mahali,

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na mahali mia mbili-hamsini sixes.

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Au, 16-0 mahali, ambayo ni 1.

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16 kwa nguvu ya kwanza mahali, 16.

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16 mraba mahali, 256, na
kadhalika, na kadhalika, na kadhalika.

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Hivyo idadi hii ni kweli mara 3 16
mraba, pamoja na mara 9 16, pamoja na 7.

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Mimi si kufanya math hapa, lakini siyo
397, ni kiasi, kubwa kuliko ile.

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>> Vile vile, tunaweza kuwa na 0x ADC,
vizuri hiyo ni mara 16 mraba.

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Au kama sisi kutafsiri kwamba kwa dhana yetu
ya idadi alisema, hiyo ni mara 10

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16 mraba, pamoja na nyakati d
16, au pamoja na 13 mara 16.

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Na msiwe na wasiwasi kama wewe si kujikumbusha
kwamba d ni 13, au kitu kama hicho,

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kuna si mengi mno
ya tarakimu hizi barua

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na kutakuwa na kuwa
Intuitive pretty haraka.

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Hivyo tena hii ni mara 10 16 mraba,
pamoja na 13 mara 16, pamoja na mara 12 1.

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Hivyo 0x ADC.

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>> Kwa hiyo, kama nilivyosema, kila
kundi la 4 mapacha tarakimu

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sambamba na single
hexadecimal tarakimu,

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na hivyo ni kweli kweli
rahisi kubadili na kurudi

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kati ya hex na mapacha.

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Kama una kamba hii ndefu ya
tarakimu mapacha, wote unahitaji kufanya

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ni kuanza kambi yao haki
kwa upande wa kushoto kama makundi ya 4.

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Na kisha unaweza kuimarisha
yao katika idadi hexadesimoli,

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kipingamizi kikubwa sana cha idadi ya
tarakimu una mchakato wa akili.

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Badala ya 32 0 na 1 ya,
kama tutaweza kuona katika pili,

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unaweza kuwa na uwezo wa kupata chini
tu 8 ya tarakimu hexadesimoli, mengi

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mafupi zaidi.

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>> Chati slides chache nyuma mapenzi
kukusaidia kufikiri ramani hii,

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ingawa, tena utasikia
kukariri pretty haraka.

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Tutaweza kwenda kupitia mfano hivi sasa.

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Hivyo kama sisi kuwa na idadi kama hii,
hii mapacha idadi kubwa kweli,

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au kile kinachoonekana kuwa
kubwa mapacha idadi.

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Na sababu nasema kwamba, ni
so-- tu ni behemoth, sawa?

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Kuna mengi 0 na 1 ya huko.

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Lakini sisi pengine hawana
kweli kuwa hisia ya kile

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ukubwa wa idadi hii kweli ni.

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Hatuna wazo lolote nini
ingekuwa yanahusiana na alisema.

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Na kwa kweli sisi si hata kuona nini
sambamba na katika alisema hivi sasa.

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Tunaweza kuwa na uwezo wa
kueleza hii kwa njia ambayo

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ingekuwa kutupa baadhi ya maelezo zaidi
kuhusu jinsi kubwa idadi hii ni.

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>> Basi hebu kwenda kwa mchakato huo kubadilika.

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Jambo la kwanza tunahitaji
kufanya ni tunataka kundi

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hizi tarakimu nje katika makundi
ya 4, kuanzia haki

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na kufanya kazi kwa upande wa kushoto.

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Kuna kutokea kwa kuwa 32 ya tarakimu
hapa, ambayo ina maana tuna

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nzuri safi mapumziko ya makundi 8 ya 4.

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Kumbuka kwamba kila kikundi cha
4 hapa, kipekee sambamba

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kwa tarakimu hexadesimoli.

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Hivyo tutaweza kuanza tena kujenga wetu
idadi kutoka kulia, na kufanya kazi kushoto.

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Vizuri nini 1101?

140
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Naam sisi kufanya hesabu nje katika vichwa vyetu,
tuna 1 katika eights mahali, 1

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katika fours mahali, 0 katika wawili-wawili
mahali, na 1 katika wale mahali.

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Hiyo ni 8 plus 4 pamoja na 1,
ambayo tunataka kujua kama 13.

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Lakini sisi pengine bila kuandika 13 nje,
kwa sababu sisi ni kufanya kazi na hexadesimoli.

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Tunahitaji kubadilisha kwa hexadesimoli
sawa na 13, ambao ni d.

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>> 0011, pamoja na kwamba ni 0 katika
mahali eights, 0 katika fours mahali,

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1 katika wawili-wawili mahali,
na 1 katika wale mahali.

147
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Hiyo ni 3.

148
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I mean kuendelea kufanya hivyo
tena, sisi hapa 9.

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Na kisha 11, lakini hiyo ni b, kukumbuka.

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2, 10-- au a-- 6, na 4.

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Na hivyo kuwa kamba kubwa sana
ya 0 na 1 ya juu ya

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ni zaidi concisely walionyesha
katika hexadesimoli kama 0x 46a2b93d.

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>> Naam, sawa, tumejifunza mpya
baridi ujuzi, nini uhakika?

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Tunaweza kutumia hii yote
muda, kama tunakwenda hivi karibuni kuona,

156
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tunatumia hexadecimal kabisa
mengi kama programmers.

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Si lazima kwa
Madhumuni ya kufanya math na hayo,

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lakini kwa sababu mara nyingi
kumbukumbu anwani katika mfumo wetu

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ni kuwakilishwa katika hexadesimoli.

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Ni njia kweli mafupi kueleza
vinginevyo mbaya, mapacha namba.

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Na hivyo, tena, unaweza kufanya hivyo
not-- wewe pengine

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si kwenda kufanya hesabu yoyote
pamoja na hayo, wewe si

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kwenda kuwa kuzidisha
idadi hexadesimoli pamoja,

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au kufanya kitu chochote weird kama hicho.

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Lakini ni ujuzi muhimu kuwa na
hivyo unaweza kueleza na kuelewa

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kumbukumbu anwani, na wengine
njia za kutumia data katika C.

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>> Mimi nina Doug Lloyd, hii ni CS50.

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