1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,152 2 00:00:05,152 --> 00:00:07,360 DOUG LLOYD: Kama wewe kuangalia biashara utangulizi wetu video, 3 00:00:07,360 --> 00:00:10,020 Mimi kushoto kidogo ya cliffhanger kwa kuzungumza kuhusu biashara 4 00:00:10,020 --> 00:00:11,857 na jinsi ni mfumo wa itifaki. 5 00:00:11,857 --> 00:00:14,190 Naam, hebu majadiliano juu ya kwanza ya itifaki zile ambazo 6 00:00:14,190 --> 00:00:15,710 kweli inajumuisha mtandao. 7 00:00:15,710 --> 00:00:18,490 Na cha kuvutia, ni aitwaye Itifaki ya Internet, 8 00:00:18,490 --> 00:00:20,960 ambayo sisi kwa kawaida rejea kama IP. 9 00:00:20,960 --> 00:00:24,810 >> Hivyo biashara, kama nilivyosema, ni yanahusiana mtandao, internet, 10 00:00:24,810 --> 00:00:28,990 ambayo ni kweli tu mitandao kadhaa kusuka pamoja na kukubaliana namna fulani 11 00:00:28,990 --> 00:00:31,490 kuwasiliana na mtu mwingine. 12 00:00:31,490 --> 00:00:33,220 Hii ni nini kwa namna fulani mimi kuzungumza juu? 13 00:00:33,220 --> 00:00:34,720 Naam, hii ni Itifaki ya internet. 14 00:00:34,720 --> 00:00:39,190 Hii inaonyesha jinsi kampuni ni kuambukizwa kutoka kiwango A kwa uhakika B. 15 00:00:39,190 --> 00:00:43,410 Na hii ni aina ya hali ya kujiunga na mtandao wa biashara 16 00:00:43,410 --> 00:00:45,830 ni kukubali kufuata hii Itifaki wakati mahitaji ya habari 17 00:00:45,830 --> 00:00:49,330 usogezwe kutoka kiwango A kwa uhakika B. 18 00:00:49,330 --> 00:00:51,700 >> Hivyo katika mwisho wa kwamba biashara utangulizi video, 19 00:00:51,700 --> 00:00:55,320 Mimi ilionyesha picha hii ya nini biashara mara. 20 00:00:55,320 --> 00:00:58,649 Na kwa kiwango kidogo, hii ni kweli pengine pretty sahihi. 21 00:00:58,649 --> 00:01:01,190 Hii inaweza kuwa jinsi mitandao tatu kweli kuzungumza na kila mmoja. 22 00:01:01,190 --> 00:01:02,570 Lakini ni kidogo kupotosha. 23 00:01:02,570 --> 00:01:04,845 Na sababu ni kidogo kupotosha ni because-- kama mimi 24 00:01:04,845 --> 00:01:07,220 tu idadi mitandao kwa ajili ya urahisi hapa 25 00:01:07,220 --> 00:01:10,350 na sisi kujikwamua kila kitu kingine na mtazamo tu juu ya networks-- 26 00:01:10,350 --> 00:01:13,750 ni kidogo kupotosha kwa sababu ina maana kwamba wote mtandao tatu na 27 00:01:13,750 --> 00:01:15,280 uhusiano na mtu mwingine. 28 00:01:15,280 --> 00:01:16,365 >> Moja ni kushikamana na mbili. 29 00:01:16,365 --> 00:01:17,610 Mbili ni kushikamana na tatu. 30 00:01:17,610 --> 00:01:18,990 Na tatu ni kushikamana na moja. 31 00:01:18,990 --> 00:01:20,823 Na wakati mimi majadiliano juu ya uhusiano hapa, mimi nina 32 00:01:20,823 --> 00:01:23,920 kuzungumza juu ya kimwili, wired uhusiano. 33 00:01:23,920 --> 00:01:25,170 Sisi kufanya kuwa wireless. 34 00:01:25,170 --> 00:01:28,390 Lakini ni kweli kuwekwa katika vitendo kwa takwimu kuwa zinaa wirelessly 35 00:01:28,390 --> 00:01:29,440 zaidi ya kiwango kikubwa. 36 00:01:29,440 --> 00:01:35,200 Na hivyo wakati fulani, sisi kweli hawana wanategemea juu ya wired waya technology-- simu, 37 00:01:35,200 --> 00:01:39,980 fiber optic waya, teknolojia mbalimbali kuwa ni kimwili kuunganisha 38 00:01:39,980 --> 00:01:41,560 uhakika kwa uhakika B. 39 00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:44,110 >> Na kwa kiwango kidogo kama Haya hii inaweza kuwa sahihi, 40 00:01:44,110 --> 00:01:46,480 lakini kama picha anapata kidogo kubwa, hebu sasa 41 00:01:46,480 --> 00:01:49,410 kufikiria tuna mitandao sita tofauti. 42 00:01:49,410 --> 00:01:52,740 Kama hiyo ni kweli, kwa sasa tuna kitu kama hii kwa kila mtandao 43 00:01:52,740 --> 00:01:55,100 kuwa na uhusiano na mtandao wa kila mmoja. 44 00:01:55,100 --> 00:01:58,540 Na kama ukiangalia, kila mtandao ina mishale tano kushikamana na yake. 45 00:01:58,540 --> 00:02:01,450 Kwa hiyo kila kitu ni kushikamana kwa kila mtandao nyingine. 46 00:02:01,450 --> 00:02:05,840 >> Sisi tu mitandao sita hapa, na tayari kuangalia wiring ni kiasi gani 47 00:02:05,840 --> 00:02:08,630 tuna kuajiri, sawa? 48 00:02:08,630 --> 00:02:12,650 Na biashara lina mengi mitandao zaidi ya sita. 49 00:02:12,650 --> 00:02:17,410 Hatuwezi ya waya kila mtandao wa kila mtandao mwingine, 50 00:02:17,410 --> 00:02:20,940 hasa kwa kuzingatia baadhi ya mitandao hii span bahari, sawa? 51 00:02:20,940 --> 00:02:23,810 Kama sisi ni kujaribu kuungana na mtandao katika Asia au Ulaya, 52 00:02:23,810 --> 00:02:27,502 tunakwenda kuwa na span bahari nzima. 53 00:02:27,502 --> 00:02:29,460 Sisi ni kwenda haja ya kutumia waya wakati fulani, 54 00:02:29,460 --> 00:02:33,900 lakini tunataka kupunguza idadi ya waya sisi kweli matumizi. 55 00:02:33,900 --> 00:02:36,690 Hatutaki kupeleka milioni waya katika bahari, 56 00:02:36,690 --> 00:02:40,700 kwa sababu wao gharama mamilioni ya dola ziada uongo chini. 57 00:02:40,700 --> 00:02:44,430 Na kwa haraka sana, sisi bila kuwa na uwezo kumudu biashara tena. 58 00:02:44,430 --> 00:02:47,080 Hivyo tuna kuwa na mwingine njia kwa kila mtandao 59 00:02:47,080 --> 00:02:49,730 kuzungumza na kila mmoja mtandao au mwingine sisi 60 00:02:49,730 --> 00:02:51,784 na vipande vya biashara kuwa ni kukatika 61 00:02:51,784 --> 00:02:53,200 kutoka vipande nyingine ya biashara. 62 00:02:53,200 --> 00:02:55,150 Na si kwamba nini tunataka. 63 00:02:55,150 --> 00:02:57,890 Lakini hatutaki kuwa na wote wired pamoja. 64 00:02:57,890 --> 00:03:00,760 >> Na hii ni mahali ambapo ruta kurudi katika kucheza. 65 00:03:00,760 --> 00:03:02,870 Tunaweza kutumia ruta kwa njia hii. 66 00:03:02,870 --> 00:03:05,150 Nini kama badala ya kila mtandao kuwa kimwili 67 00:03:05,150 --> 00:03:09,700 kushikamana na kila mtandao mwingine, sisi alikuwa vipande hayo mwangalizi, ambapo 68 00:03:09,700 --> 00:03:12,460 mitandao walikuwa na uhusiano kwa waamuzi hao, ambao 69 00:03:12,460 --> 00:03:14,840 ni kushikamana na mitandao kadhaa. 70 00:03:14,840 --> 00:03:19,290 Hivyo badala ya kuwa moja kuungana na mbili, tatu, nne, tano, sita, labda moja 71 00:03:19,290 --> 00:03:21,360 unajumuisha na router, ambayo labda inaunganisha 72 00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:23,840 kwa moja au mbili ya wale mitandao, lakini pia 73 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:25,850 labda unajumuisha na mengine ruta, ambayo pia 74 00:03:25,850 --> 00:03:28,510 kuungana na mitandao ya wale wengine. 75 00:03:28,510 --> 00:03:31,160 >> Na kazi router ya is-- ina taarifa 76 00:03:31,160 --> 00:03:34,620 aitwaye routing meza kwamba inaonyesha ambapo kufanya 77 00:03:34,620 --> 00:03:37,250 Mimi kwenda kama mimi kuona anwani hasa IP? 78 00:03:37,250 --> 00:03:41,080 Kama mimi kuona IP kuanzia na nne, mimi nina kwenda kwa njia hii. 79 00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:45,250 Kama mimi kuona IP kuanzia na 12, mimi nina kwenda kwa njia hiyo. 80 00:03:45,250 --> 00:03:49,230 Hatuna haja ya kuwa na uhusiano kimwili na mtandao namba nne 81 00:03:49,230 --> 00:03:52,010 au mtandao namba 12 katika mfano huu. 82 00:03:52,010 --> 00:03:53,941 Sisi tu kujua kwa ujumla ambapo tunataka kwenda. 83 00:03:53,941 --> 00:03:57,190 Na kama wewe kufikiri juu yake, hii ni aina ya sawa na dhana ya kujirudia 84 00:03:57,190 --> 00:03:59,445 kwamba kuongelea wakati tulikuwa kuzungumza kuhusu suala hilo 85 00:03:59,445 --> 00:04:04,060 katika C. Sitakuja kuungana wewe kwa hasa ambapo unataka kwenda. 86 00:04:04,060 --> 00:04:08,130 Mimi tu kwenda kutoa hoja hatua moja karibu na ambapo unataka kwenda. 87 00:04:08,130 --> 00:04:11,739 Na mimi itabidi basi mtu mwingine kukabiliana na kutatua wengine wa tatizo. 88 00:04:11,739 --> 00:04:14,780 Mimi itabidi kutatua kipande hiki kidogo cha Tatizo na kuahirisha wengine ni 89 00:04:14,780 --> 00:04:15,940 kwa mtu mwingine. 90 00:04:15,940 --> 00:04:19,240 Hivyo taarifa routing ni kweli aina ya sawa na kujirudia. 91 00:04:19,240 --> 00:04:24,010 Kama hiyo dhana kuwa wewe kuelewa vizuri, labda kwamba mfano ingesaidia. 92 00:04:24,010 --> 00:04:26,950 >> Basi hebu tuangalie mfano huu mitandao 93 00:04:26,950 --> 00:04:30,130 tena na kudhani kuwa, tena, tunakwenda kutumia hizo hizo sita 94 00:04:30,130 --> 00:04:31,470 mitandao, moja kwa njia ya sita. 95 00:04:31,470 --> 00:04:34,220 Basi hebu tu kusema kwamba kila IP kwenye mtandao moja 96 00:04:34,220 --> 00:04:36,200 huanza na moja nukta kitu. 97 00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:38,800 Na tutaweza kusema kwamba kuna baadhi ya mambo mengine kwamba 98 00:04:38,800 --> 00:04:42,110 mikataba na jinsi mifumo yote ni kushikamana na mtandao moja. 99 00:04:42,110 --> 00:04:46,000 Sisi tu huduma ya juu ya kuunganisha wote wa wale mitandao pamoja katika mtandao. 100 00:04:46,000 --> 00:04:49,350 Hivyo kila kifaa kwamba ni kushikamana na mtandao moja 101 00:04:49,350 --> 00:04:53,460 ina IP kwamba huanza na nukta moja na kisha tatu idadi nyingine. 102 00:04:53,460 --> 00:04:56,300 >> Hii ni generalization ya jinsi mambo kweli kazi. 103 00:04:56,300 --> 00:04:58,260 Ni kidogo kabisa zaidi sahihi kuliko huu. 104 00:04:58,260 --> 00:05:00,760 Lakini hii lazima kukupa ujumla wazo la nini Internet 105 00:05:00,760 --> 00:05:02,637 Itifaki ni kweli kufanya. 106 00:05:02,637 --> 00:05:04,220 Hivyo hii ilikuwa mchoro sisi alikuwa mbele. 107 00:05:04,220 --> 00:05:06,410 Hii ilikuwa ni mfumo kuwa Haikuwa endelevu. 108 00:05:06,410 --> 00:05:07,760 Hata sita, hii inaweza kuwa sawa. 109 00:05:07,760 --> 00:05:11,990 Lakini kama sisi kupata 10 au 20 au 50, tuko kwenda kuwa uongo mengi ya waya. 110 00:05:11,990 --> 00:05:15,139 Na 50 bado ni pia si hata ncha ya barafu 111 00:05:15,139 --> 00:05:16,680 kama na idadi ya mitandao tuna. 112 00:05:16,680 --> 00:05:18,510 Hivyo mtindo huu ni endelevu. 113 00:05:18,510 --> 00:05:20,660 Hatuwezi fimbo na hii. 114 00:05:20,660 --> 00:05:23,200 >> Basi hebu badala kupitisha mtindo huu ambapo sisi kujikwamua 115 00:05:23,200 --> 00:05:28,030 ya waya wote kati ya mitandao na sisi kuongeza ruta. 116 00:05:28,030 --> 00:05:30,210 Hivyo masanduku hayo njano kuwakilisha ruta. 117 00:05:30,210 --> 00:05:32,550 Na kazi yao ni kutoa hoja Maelezo kwa ujumla 118 00:05:32,550 --> 00:05:36,040 karibu na ambapo ni walidhani kwenda. 119 00:05:36,040 --> 00:05:40,330 Na labda hizi ni uhusiano kwamba mitandao haya nayo. 120 00:05:40,330 --> 00:05:43,670 Na labda hizi ni meza kwamba ni kujengwa katika ruta. 121 00:05:43,670 --> 00:05:47,870 >> Hivyo kama sisi tu kuanza kwa kuangalia katika mtandao mmoja, kwa mfano, 122 00:05:47,870 --> 00:05:50,450 kimsingi nini anasema ni kama Mimi milele kuona anwani hiyo 123 00:05:50,450 --> 00:05:54,300 haina kuanza kwa one-- hilo ndilo Moderators kumweka moja au bang 124 00:05:54,300 --> 00:05:58,550 moja pale, si one-- mimi nina kwenda kupita ni mbali na router. 125 00:05:58,550 --> 00:06:00,680 Na kutoka huko, ruta wanaweza kufanya uamuzi. 126 00:06:00,680 --> 00:06:04,570 Ruta anasema kama mimi kuona moja, mimi nina kwenda kuhamia mtandao namba moja. 127 00:06:04,570 --> 00:06:07,610 Hiyo ni mshale kijani viongozi na kushoto nje ya kwamba juu sanduku kushoto. 128 00:06:07,610 --> 00:06:09,660 >> Kama mimi kuona two-- hiyo ni mshale aina ya kichwa cha habari 129 00:06:09,660 --> 00:06:11,950 na haki juu kuelekea network-- zambarau 130 00:06:11,950 --> 00:06:14,920 kama mimi kuona IP kuanzia na mbili, 131 00:06:14,920 --> 00:06:16,920 Mimi nina kwenda kuelekea mtandao miwili. 132 00:06:16,920 --> 00:06:21,250 Kama mimi kuona tatu, nne, tano, au six-- hiyo ni kwamba nyekundu mshale kuja nje 133 00:06:21,250 --> 00:06:25,800 ya juu upande wa kushoto router-- Sina kushikamana na tatu, nne, tano, au sita. 134 00:06:25,800 --> 00:06:28,897 Lakini najua mtu ambaye ni au ambao ni kidogo karibu na pale. 135 00:06:28,897 --> 00:06:31,230 Hivyo mimi nina kwenda tu kusema, kila wakati mimi kuona IP 136 00:06:31,230 --> 00:06:33,810 kuanzia na tatu, nne, tano, au sita, mimi nina tu 137 00:06:33,810 --> 00:06:35,250 kwenda kutuma kwa kuwa router. 138 00:06:35,250 --> 00:06:38,090 Hivyo mimi itabidi hoja hiyo kidogo karibu na ambapo ni walidhani kwenda na basi 139 00:06:38,090 --> 00:06:39,830 kwamba router kukabiliana na tatizo hilo. 140 00:06:39,830 --> 00:06:42,980 >> Na kama unaweza see-- kama wewe alitaka kutulia hapa na trace-- 141 00:06:42,980 --> 00:06:47,600 unaweza kupata kila hatua nyingine katika mtandao kutoka mahali popote ulipo. 142 00:06:47,600 --> 00:06:50,190 Mitandao sita All Unaweza bado kuungana na kila mmoja mtandao 143 00:06:50,190 --> 00:06:52,250 lakini wao siyo kimwili kushikamana tena. 144 00:06:52,250 --> 00:06:54,046 Wao ni sasa hatua hizi kati. 145 00:06:54,046 --> 00:06:56,170 Sasa, bila shaka kuna biashara mbali ya kasi, sawa? 146 00:06:56,170 --> 00:06:58,240 Kama moja alikuwa moja kwa moja kushikamana na sita, sisi hakutaka 147 00:06:58,240 --> 00:07:00,390 Una kwenda kwa njia mbili ruta njiani. 148 00:07:00,390 --> 00:07:03,377 Hivyo sisi inaweza kuwa na uwezo wa kupata uhusiano kidogo kwa kasi zaidi. 149 00:07:03,377 --> 00:07:05,210 Lakini labda kwamba biashara-off ni ya thamani yake, sawa? 150 00:07:05,210 --> 00:07:09,850 Kama ni kwenda kuwa ghali katika suala la gharama halisi, dola 151 00:07:09,850 --> 00:07:13,150 na senti, kimwili waya hizi mitandao yote kwa pamoja, 152 00:07:13,150 --> 00:07:16,150 labda kidogo ya kushuka kwa kasi ni sawa. 153 00:07:16,150 --> 00:07:18,530 Tunaweza kuvumilia jambo hilo. 154 00:07:18,530 --> 00:07:22,490 >> Hivyo tena, katika mfano kwamba tulikuwa tu kuzungumza juu, hakuna hata mmoja mitandao 155 00:07:22,490 --> 00:07:24,086 moja kwa moja kuungana na kila mmoja wote. 156 00:07:24,086 --> 00:07:25,960 Kuna inaweza kuwa been-- labda katika mfano kwamba 157 00:07:25,960 --> 00:07:28,659 tunaweza kuwa alifanya hivyo ili labda mtandao moja na mbili zilikuwa 158 00:07:28,659 --> 00:07:29,450 kushikamana moja. 159 00:07:29,450 --> 00:07:30,410 Na kwamba itakuwa sawa. 160 00:07:30,410 --> 00:07:33,040 Baadhi ya mitandao ni kimwili kushikamana na mitandao mingine. 161 00:07:33,040 --> 00:07:34,940 Lakini wao siyo zote kushikamana na kila mmoja. 162 00:07:34,940 --> 00:07:37,360 Wanategemea routers-- katika example-- hii hasa 163 00:07:37,360 --> 00:07:40,899 kusambaza mawasiliano kutoka kiwango A kwa uhakika B. 164 00:07:40,899 --> 00:07:43,190 On scale-- ndogo kama yale tunazungumzia here-- 165 00:07:43,190 --> 00:07:45,850 Configuration hii kwa kweli nguvu kuwa zaidi ufanisi kuliko tu 166 00:07:45,850 --> 00:07:47,420 kuwa uhusiano wa moja kwa moja. 167 00:07:47,420 --> 00:07:52,547 Lakini kwa kiasi kikubwa, tunaweza kuongeza mfumo mengi zaidi. 168 00:07:52,547 --> 00:07:55,130 Ni kweli kwenda kupunguza yetu gharama ya miundombinu ya mtandao 169 00:07:55,130 --> 00:07:59,450 kuwa na ruta mpatanishi ambao kazi yao ni hoja trafiki kutoka kwa mtumaji 170 00:07:59,450 --> 00:08:03,500 kwa mpokeaji, kutoka kiwango A kwa uhakika B, kinyume na wiring kila mtu 171 00:08:03,500 --> 00:08:05,320 pamoja. 172 00:08:05,320 --> 00:08:07,380 >> Basi hebu tuangalie mfano wa habari 173 00:08:07,380 --> 00:08:09,220 kusafiri kwa kutumia Internet Protocol hii. 174 00:08:09,220 --> 00:08:15,250 Hebu kusema kwamba mimi ni kimwili ziko katika IP 1.208.12.37 175 00:08:15,250 --> 00:08:17,450 hivyo mimi kuwepo mahali fulani kwenye mtandao mmoja. 176 00:08:17,450 --> 00:08:19,260 Na mimi nataka kutuma ujumbe kwa wewe. 177 00:08:19,260 --> 00:08:23,085 Na uko juu ya tano mtandao katika 5.188.109.14. 178 00:08:23,085 --> 00:08:26,210 Anwani yako ya IP hasa hana jambo, lakini katika mfano huu hasa 179 00:08:26,210 --> 00:08:29,740 tunazungumzia generalization hii nini itifaki biashara ni wote 180 00:08:29,740 --> 00:08:30,429 kuhusu. 181 00:08:30,429 --> 00:08:32,720 Wewe ni kwenye mtandao tano, na mimi nina kwenye mtandao mmoja. 182 00:08:32,720 --> 00:08:36,309 Kama unaweza kuona, sisi siyo kushikamana na kila mmoja wakati wote. 183 00:08:36,309 --> 00:08:37,335 >> Hivyo mimi kuanza nje. 184 00:08:37,335 --> 00:08:38,710 Na mimi nataka kutuma ujumbe. 185 00:08:38,710 --> 00:08:41,650 Na hivyo kwa namna fulani mimi kuwasiliana kuwa ujumbe kwa ruta. 186 00:08:41,650 --> 00:08:44,039 Ruta ni moja kwamba kweli ina anwani ya IP. 187 00:08:44,039 --> 00:08:45,955 Na ni kuangalia ambapo ni walidhani kwenda. 188 00:08:45,955 --> 00:08:47,655 Tunakwenda nukta tano kitu. 189 00:08:47,655 --> 00:08:49,780 Hivyo sasa mimi nina kwenda kuanza kutumia my-- au ruta, 190 00:08:49,780 --> 00:08:53,370 badala yake, ni kwenda kuanza kutumia yake ruta meza kupita habari pamoja. 191 00:08:53,370 --> 00:08:59,149 Anaona kwamba tano hata mmoja, hivyo anasema mimi nina kwenda kwa kupita kwa guy hii. 192 00:08:59,149 --> 00:09:00,690 Kisha guy hii ina kufanya uamuzi. 193 00:09:00,690 --> 00:09:01,520 Ambapo mimi kwenda kwenda? 194 00:09:01,520 --> 00:09:03,705 Naam, ni si moja, hivyo mimi nina kwenda hoja kwa mtandao mmoja. 195 00:09:03,705 --> 00:09:04,770 Na si mbili. 196 00:09:04,770 --> 00:09:06,478 Sitakuja kutoa hoja na mtandao miwili. 197 00:09:06,478 --> 00:09:07,410 Ni huanza na tano. 198 00:09:07,410 --> 00:09:09,500 Mimi si kushikamana na tano, ruta hii anasema. 199 00:09:09,500 --> 00:09:12,950 Na hivyo mimi nina kwenda tu kupita ni mbali to-- mimi nina kwenda chini njia hii. 200 00:09:12,950 --> 00:09:15,462 Hii ni pale ambapo watu watatu, na fours na umri wa miaka mitano na sixes kwenda. 201 00:09:15,462 --> 00:09:16,920 Na mimi itabidi basi kwamba guy kukabiliana nayo. 202 00:09:16,920 --> 00:09:18,710 Mimi itabidi kupata kidogo karibu ambapo ni walidhani kwenda. 203 00:09:18,710 --> 00:09:21,350 Najua ni walidhani kwenda kwa kuwa mwelekeo wa jumla. 204 00:09:21,350 --> 00:09:23,110 Lakini labda kwamba guy wanaweza kukabiliana nayo. 205 00:09:23,110 --> 00:09:23,840 SAWA. 206 00:09:23,840 --> 00:09:24,650 Hivyo kwamba guy inaonekana. 207 00:09:24,650 --> 00:09:27,580 Anasema, sawa, hii IP anuani huanza na tano. 208 00:09:27,580 --> 00:09:31,590 Naam, mimi nina kushikamana na tatu na kwa sita, hivyo siwezi kupata ujumbe moja kwa moja 209 00:09:31,590 --> 00:09:32,780 ambapo inahitaji kwenda. 210 00:09:32,780 --> 00:09:36,970 Lakini hiyo ruta wengine zaidi ya hapo, mimi kujua kama mimi kutuma kikundi cha watu wane na umri wa miaka mitano, 211 00:09:36,970 --> 00:09:38,430 inaweza kushughulikia wale. 212 00:09:38,430 --> 00:09:41,269 >> Hivyo hupita pamoja chini njia. 213 00:09:41,269 --> 00:09:44,310 Na kisha router hii anasema, vizuri, mimi nina kushikamana na mitandao nne na tano. 214 00:09:44,310 --> 00:09:45,727 Kwa hiyo, ndiyo, siwezi kukusaidia. 215 00:09:45,727 --> 00:09:47,810 Mimi itabidi kuchukua anwani yako ya IP kwamba huanza na tano. 216 00:09:47,810 --> 00:09:49,450 Mimi itabidi kuwapa mtandao tano. 217 00:09:49,450 --> 00:09:53,220 Mtandao wa tano kufanya baadhi ya kazi juu ya mwisho wake na kutoa ujumbe na wewe. 218 00:09:53,220 --> 00:09:56,580 Na sasa tumekuwa mafanikio zinaa ujumbe kutoka kwangu 219 00:09:56,580 --> 00:09:58,930 na wewe kwa kutumia Internet Protocol. 220 00:09:58,930 --> 00:10:03,020 >> Tena, jumla sana kwa madhumuni ya mfano kama kwa nini kinatokea. 221 00:10:03,020 --> 00:10:05,840 Lakini hiyo ni pretty kiasi gani Itifaki ya Internet kazi. 222 00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:08,050 Ruta kujua ujumla ambapo kutuma 223 00:10:08,050 --> 00:10:11,170 na kutuma hatua moja pamoja njia, kupata ni karibu na karibu 224 00:10:11,170 --> 00:10:15,130 na marudio yake mpaka moja ruta ni kimwili kushikamana 225 00:10:15,130 --> 00:10:17,990 na mtandao au au chochote anuani 226 00:10:17,990 --> 00:10:21,600 katika swali na anatoa ni huko. 227 00:10:21,600 --> 00:10:28,780 >> Sasa, kwa ujumla, isipokuwa kwa kweli, kweli ndogo, ujumbe kidogo, 228 00:10:28,780 --> 00:10:31,830 si kwenda kutuma kama moja kubwa chunk ya data. 229 00:10:31,830 --> 00:10:34,870 Kama mimi nina kutuma wewe email-- barua pepe mrefu sana, 230 00:10:34,870 --> 00:10:37,270 say-- si kwenda kwa kuchukua kwamba email nzima, 231 00:10:37,270 --> 00:10:40,660 kifungu it up katika mpira au mfuko au chochote, 232 00:10:40,660 --> 00:10:43,460 na kutuma kwamba nzima Jambo chini ya mtandao. 233 00:10:43,460 --> 00:10:46,580 >> Awali ya yote, kupeleka taarifa pamoja mtandao ni ghali. 234 00:10:46,580 --> 00:10:47,560 Haina kuongeza up. 235 00:10:47,560 --> 00:10:49,760 Na kubwa chunk, zaidi ya gharama kubwa 236 00:10:49,760 --> 00:10:53,240 ni hoja kila hatua ya njia. 237 00:10:53,240 --> 00:10:55,260 Na kama kuna namna fulani kushuka na kisha 238 00:10:55,260 --> 00:10:58,010 kuna hii giant-- aina ya kama kama wewe ni kuendesha gari kwenye barabara kuu 239 00:10:58,010 --> 00:11:00,246 na kuna lori hii kubwa aina ya kuzuia njia 240 00:11:00,246 --> 00:11:03,370 na huwezi kupata karibu yake juu ya ama mstari kwa sababu ni aina ya kuenea nje. 241 00:11:03,370 --> 00:11:05,227 Ni kupungua kila mtu mwingine chini nyuma yake. 242 00:11:05,227 --> 00:11:07,060 Lakini magari madogo, ikiwa walikuwa magari yote madogo, 243 00:11:07,060 --> 00:11:10,290 wapate kuwa na uwezo wa kuzunguka, kama kwamba mfano aina ya husaidia 244 00:11:10,290 --> 00:11:11,650 kidogo. 245 00:11:11,650 --> 00:11:17,170 >> Hivyo moja kubwa ya kuzuia katika mfumo Unaweza kila mtu kweli polepole kingine chini. 246 00:11:17,170 --> 00:11:20,570 Na hivyo kile IP ni kwenda kufanya umegawanyika data hii katika pakiti. 247 00:11:20,570 --> 00:11:26,560 Ni kwenda kuchukua email hii kubwa au FTP kuhamisha au kuhamisha faili, 248 00:11:26,560 --> 00:11:28,700 au labda mimi nina kufanya kuomba kwa kivinjari 249 00:11:28,700 --> 00:11:30,205 kwa sababu nataka picha ya paka. 250 00:11:30,205 --> 00:11:33,570 Na ni kwenda kuchukua kwamba ombi au kwamba barua pepe au faili kwamba 251 00:11:33,570 --> 00:11:37,950 na kuvunja juu katika vipande wengi na kutuma wote wa vipande tofauti. 252 00:11:37,950 --> 00:11:41,120 Hivyo kwa kweli, mimi nina kujaza barabara na mengi ya magari madogo, ambayo inaweza zote 253 00:11:41,120 --> 00:11:47,320 hoja ya badala ya lori kubwa kwamba ili, kama kitu fulani kitaenda vibaya, 254 00:11:47,320 --> 00:11:49,970 kaba trafiki kwa kila mtu mwingine. 255 00:11:49,970 --> 00:11:51,850 >> Athari nyingine upande haya ni kama kuna 256 00:11:51,850 --> 00:11:57,170 aina fulani ya janga kushindwa na kitu fulani kitaenda vibaya 257 00:11:57,170 --> 00:11:58,890 na pakiti anapata imeshuka. 258 00:11:58,890 --> 00:12:01,670 Kitu ni alishindwa na Ujumbe haiwezi aliwasiliana. 259 00:12:01,670 --> 00:12:04,090 Ruta labda alikuwa pia mambo mengi kwenda katika. 260 00:12:04,090 --> 00:12:05,340 Ni inaweza juggle kila kitu. 261 00:12:05,340 --> 00:12:06,840 Na hivyo tu halisi imeshuka yake. 262 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:08,630 Hiyo ni aina ya mfano, sawa? 263 00:12:08,630 --> 00:12:10,046 >> Ni got mengi ya mambo kinachoendelea. 264 00:12:10,046 --> 00:12:12,010 Ni kupita maelezo kutoka kiwango A kwa uhakika 265 00:12:12,010 --> 00:12:14,090 B. Sisi siyo mbili tu Watu kwenye mtandao, 266 00:12:14,090 --> 00:12:16,264 hivyo ina na mchakato mengi ya trafiki. 267 00:12:16,264 --> 00:12:19,430 Na kama haina mikono ya kutosha na haiwezi kufikiri nini ni kufanya, 268 00:12:19,430 --> 00:12:21,350 inaweza tu kuacha kitu. 269 00:12:21,350 --> 00:12:23,570 Hivyo inaweza kufanya kitu kingine. 270 00:12:23,570 --> 00:12:25,390 Ni got sana kinachoendelea. 271 00:12:25,390 --> 00:12:29,560 >> Kama tungekuwa na ujumbe wetu kama moja kubwa kuzuia na kwamba alikuwa kile got imeshuka, 272 00:12:29,560 --> 00:12:31,770 sasa tuna kutuma ujumbe tena. 273 00:12:31,770 --> 00:12:34,500 Na sasa tuko uwezekano kusababisha trafiki tena. 274 00:12:34,500 --> 00:12:37,640 Na sisi kukimbia hatari ya kuwa kuzuia mkubwa kuwa imeshuka tena. 275 00:12:37,640 --> 00:12:41,060 Lakini kama ya data wamekuwa kuvunjwa juu katika pakiti na sisi kuacha mmoja wa wale, 276 00:12:41,060 --> 00:12:45,100 ni mengi chini ya gharama kubwa kwa kutuma kwamba pakiti moja muda zaidi kinyume 277 00:12:45,100 --> 00:12:47,220 nzima jambo moja zaidi wakati. 278 00:12:47,220 --> 00:12:51,680 Hivyo IP ni wajibu kwa ajili ya kupata taarifa kutoka kiwango A kwa uhakika B 279 00:12:51,680 --> 00:12:54,500 na pia kuvunja Maelezo katika vipande vidogo 280 00:12:54,500 --> 00:12:57,880 ili mtandao si overly kujiandikisha. 281 00:12:57,880 --> 00:13:00,760 >> IP pia anajulikana kama connectionless itifaki. 282 00:13:00,760 --> 00:13:05,350 Kuna si lazima njia inavyoelezwa kutoka kwa mtumaji na mpokeaji au kinyume 283 00:13:05,350 --> 00:13:05,850 chake. 284 00:13:05,850 --> 00:13:08,808 Sasa, katika mfano huu tumekuwa aliyesema kuhusu, kuna kweli ni njia moja tu 285 00:13:08,808 --> 00:13:11,020 kupata kila mtandao. 286 00:13:11,020 --> 00:13:13,110 Hivyo katika hili hasa mfano, kuna kweli 287 00:13:13,110 --> 00:13:15,560 ni njia inavyoelezwa kutoka uhakika kwa uhakika B. 288 00:13:15,560 --> 00:13:19,270 Lakini tunaweza kubadili kwamba kwa kufanya tu muundo moja kwa ruta mbili 289 00:13:19,270 --> 00:13:22,640 upande wa kushoto na kuongeza hii hali ya meza router. 290 00:13:22,640 --> 00:13:24,960 >> Sasa taarifa kwamba kutokana na juu router kushoto, 291 00:13:24,960 --> 00:13:29,340 ni kweli kuna njia mbili za kukabiliana na nne au tano anuani ya IP. 292 00:13:29,340 --> 00:13:33,100 Ni inaweza kwenda chini kwa chini kushoto ruta, au unaweza kwenda kulia, 293 00:13:33,100 --> 00:13:34,090 router haki. 294 00:13:34,090 --> 00:13:35,532 Ina chaguzi mbalimbali. 295 00:13:35,532 --> 00:13:37,240 Na hii ni kweli aina ya kitu nzuri 296 00:13:37,240 --> 00:13:39,690 kwa sababu inafanya yetu mtandao zaidi msikivu. 297 00:13:39,690 --> 00:13:42,510 >> Kama kwa example-- ni aina ya kama GPS. 298 00:13:42,510 --> 00:13:44,760 Kama wameweza milele imekuwa kuendesha gari kwenye barabara kuu 299 00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:49,610 na ghafla GPS yako anaonya wewe kwamba trafiki ni mbele, 300 00:13:49,610 --> 00:13:51,230 unataka kuepuka hivyo kama unaweza. 301 00:13:51,230 --> 00:13:53,710 Na hivyo unaweza recalculate njia yako. 302 00:13:53,710 --> 00:14:00,330 Na mtandao ruta, katika Mbali na kuwa na maelezo 303 00:14:00,330 --> 00:14:05,110 kuhusu ambapo pakiti lazima kwenda au ambapo takwimu anatakiwa kwenda, 304 00:14:05,110 --> 00:14:09,140 pia kuna aina ya kunde hii kwa ujumla juu ya hali ya mtandao wake wa ndani. 305 00:14:09,140 --> 00:14:13,930 Nini kitatokea kama mimi kutuma ni chini njia hii dhidi ya njia hii? 306 00:14:13,930 --> 00:14:19,640 >> Na hivyo katika mwanga wa trafiki nzito hali kwenye mtandao, labda 307 00:14:19,640 --> 00:14:22,630 mambo kupata kupelekwa zaidi njia ya ufanisi au kwa ujumla zaidi 308 00:14:22,630 --> 00:14:24,939 njia ya ufanisi, kwa sababu kama sisi kwenda njia mara kwa mara, 309 00:14:24,939 --> 00:14:26,480 kuna kwenda kuwa mengi ya trafiki. 310 00:14:26,480 --> 00:14:28,470 Barabara kabisa jammed. 311 00:14:28,470 --> 00:14:30,880 Hivyo labda kile tutaweza kufanya ni badala kuchukua barabara upande, ambayo 312 00:14:30,880 --> 00:14:33,070 kawaida itachukua mengi muda zaidi, lakini hakuna mtu 313 00:14:33,070 --> 00:14:34,320 kweli kutumia barabara wale upande. 314 00:14:34,320 --> 00:14:37,300 Na hivyo tunaweza njia pakiti wetu kwa njia hiyo. 315 00:14:37,300 --> 00:14:40,190 >> Hivyo si kila pakiti ya chunk kubwa ya data 316 00:14:40,190 --> 00:14:42,620 inaweza kuchukua njia ile ile kutoka mwanzo hadi mwisho. 317 00:14:42,620 --> 00:14:45,080 Na mtandao wetu inakuwa mengi zaidi msikivu 318 00:14:45,080 --> 00:14:49,720 kama meza yetu ruta ajili ya kuruhusu huko kuwa chaguzi mbalimbali kwa wapi pa kwenda. 319 00:14:49,720 --> 00:14:53,054 Sisi siyo kutegemea kwamba mtu lori kusonga nje ya njia. 320 00:14:53,054 --> 00:14:55,970 Tunaweza kupata mbali barabara katika exit pili na kuchukua njia tofauti. 321 00:14:55,970 --> 00:15:01,250 Na hivyo aina Itifaki ya Internet ya hana kidogo ya kwamba, pia. 322 00:15:01,250 --> 00:15:05,110 >> Hivyo hiyo ni shemu ya Itifaki. 323 00:15:05,110 --> 00:15:07,780 Lakini kuna moja zaidi Suala ili kukabiliana na, ambayo 324 00:15:07,780 --> 00:15:10,810 ni nini kinatokea kama hatuwezi kuacha pakiti? 325 00:15:10,810 --> 00:15:14,490 Jinsi gani tunajua tunakwenda kutuma kwamba pakiti tena? 326 00:15:14,490 --> 00:15:15,750 Sawa? 327 00:15:15,750 --> 00:15:18,632 Naam, Itifaki ya Internet haina dhamana kujifungua. 328 00:15:18,632 --> 00:15:20,590 Tunakwenda kuwa kutegemeana juu ya itifaki mwingine 329 00:15:20,590 --> 00:15:25,027 kukabiliana na kwamba inaitwa Itifaki ya Kudhibiti Urushaji, TCP. 330 00:15:25,027 --> 00:15:27,110 Na sisi ni kwenda kuzungumza kuhusu Transmission Control 331 00:15:27,110 --> 00:15:29,470 Itifaki katika video ijayo. 332 00:15:29,470 --> 00:15:30,460 Mimi nina Doug Lloyd. 333 00:15:30,460 --> 00:15:32,350 Hii ni CS50. 334 00:15:32,350 --> 00:15:34,253