1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,884

2
00:00:04,884 --> 00:00:08,050
Doug LLOYD: F'dan il-video aħna qed tmur
biex jitkellmu dwar il-Kontroll Trażmissjoni

3
00:00:08,050 --> 00:00:10,440
Protokoll, TCP.

4
00:00:10,440 --> 00:00:13,290
Jekk int ma jaraw l-
video fuq protokoll Internet, IP,

5
00:00:13,290 --> 00:00:15,290
inti tista 'tixtieq li tagħmel dan
qabel jaraw dan il-video

6
00:00:15,290 --> 00:00:18,680
għaliex it-tnejn huma pjuttost interrelatati.

7
00:00:18,680 --> 00:00:21,100
>> Għalhekk, il-protokoll Internet,
għal darb'oħra, sommarju ta 'malajr,

8
00:00:21,100 --> 00:00:22,930
dak l-protokoll
li jiċċaqlaq informazzjoni

9
00:00:22,930 --> 00:00:28,210
minn magna jintbagħat lejn riċeventi
magna permezz tan-network.

10
00:00:28,210 --> 00:00:29,720
>> Allura x'hemm TCP?

11
00:00:29,720 --> 00:00:33,310
Filwaqt li biss jiċċaqalqu minn jibgħat
magna li jirċievi magna,

12
00:00:33,310 --> 00:00:35,120
mhuwiex l-istorja sħiħa.

13
00:00:35,120 --> 00:00:38,040
Nafu wkoll li programm tagħna,
kompjuters tagħna, per eżempju,

14
00:00:38,040 --> 00:00:41,000
huma t-tmexxija programmi multipli,
u jkollhom servizzi multipli

15
00:00:41,000 --> 00:00:45,140
taħdem fuq dawk il-magni.

16
00:00:45,140 --> 00:00:51,750
U hekk, jekk irridu jiksbu pakkett,
jew informazzjoni għal programm speċifiku,

17
00:00:51,750 --> 00:00:54,590
fuq magna speċifika,
għandna bżonn aktar informazzjoni

18
00:00:54,590 --> 00:00:59,490
milli sempliċiment dak IP jippermetti li tikseb
informazzjoni minn punt A sa punt B.

19
00:00:59,490 --> 00:01:02,390
>> Allura, TCP jistgħu jiġu meqjusa
kif jidderieġi l-pakkett

20
00:01:02,390 --> 00:01:07,590
għall-programm korretta, jew il korretta
servizz, fuq il-magna li tirċievi.

21
00:01:07,590 --> 00:01:11,810
U hekk huwa importanti li, kif inti tista
jistennew, taf fejn huwa suppost li jmorru,

22
00:01:11,810 --> 00:01:14,550
u dak il-pakkett huwa
għal mill-istess ħin.

23
00:01:14,550 --> 00:01:18,370
U għalhekk, spiss, meta tkellem dwar
protokoll ta 'kontroll ta' trasmissjoni, TCP,

24
00:01:18,370 --> 00:01:23,900
int verament spiss tisma fil-
kuntest, TCP mmejla IP, jew biss TCP / IP.

25
00:01:23,900 --> 00:01:27,639
Dawn iż-żewġ protokolli huma tant
interrelatati li, dawn qed bażikament

26
00:01:27,639 --> 00:01:28,680
trattati bħala unità waħda.

27
00:01:28,680 --> 00:01:31,630
Imma dawn huma żewġ protokolli separati
li tagħmel żewġ affarijiet separati.

28
00:01:31,630 --> 00:01:36,690
>> Għal darb'oħra, IP hija responsabbli għall jkollna
minn magna waħda għall-ieħor.

29
00:01:36,690 --> 00:01:41,250
U TCP huwa responsabbli għall
jkollna lill-programm korretta,

30
00:01:41,250 --> 00:01:43,490
jew is-servizz korretta fuq magna.

31
00:01:43,490 --> 00:01:45,500
U ma xi ħaġa
oħra li PI ma tagħmel,

32
00:01:45,500 --> 00:01:48,600
li huwa kunsinna garanzija.

33
00:01:48,600 --> 00:01:55,060
>> Allura, jekk aħna issa koppja IP ta 'magna
jindirizzaw bl-hekk imsejħa numru tal-port,

34
00:01:55,060 --> 00:01:58,750
u numru port huwa kif speċifiku
servizz, jew utilità, jew il-programm,

35
00:01:58,750 --> 00:02:00,350
huwa identifikat fuq magna.

36
00:02:00,350 --> 00:02:03,920
Jekk issa għandna l-IP
indirizz flimkien ma 'numru tal-port,

37
00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:07,240
issa nistgħu unikament jidentifikaw
servizz partikolari

38
00:02:07,240 --> 00:02:09,479
taħdem fuq magna partikulari.

39
00:02:09,479 --> 00:02:11,920
>> Allura hu għalhekk li TCP u IP huma
hekk spiss interrelatati,

40
00:02:11,920 --> 00:02:14,170
minħabba dak in-numru tal-port
waħdu ma verament

41
00:02:14,170 --> 00:02:17,670
jfisser xejn jekk għandek bżonn ta '
numru tal-port, u l-magna

42
00:02:17,670 --> 00:02:19,566
li qed jitkellem dwar.

43
00:02:19,566 --> 00:02:24,060
Dak magna suppost li tkun qed tuża
dan il-port partikolari, per eżempju.

44
00:02:24,060 --> 00:02:28,350
>> Il-ħaġa oħra li TCP ma, kif
I said, huwa garanziji ta 'kunsinna.

45
00:02:28,350 --> 00:02:30,810
Allura, minbarra
jispeċifika n-numru tal-port,

46
00:02:30,810 --> 00:02:34,640
tindika wkoll kemm
pakketti, il-protokoll Internet, IP,

47
00:02:34,640 --> 00:02:36,110
tkun maqsuma l-informazzjoni fis.

48
00:02:36,110 --> 00:02:41,200
U tordna dawn il-pakketti sabiex ikunu
jistgħu jiġu rikostruwit fuq il tirċievi

49
00:02:41,200 --> 00:02:45,820
magna, anke jekk dawn received-- fil-
f'ordni differenti milli kienu mibgħuta.

50
00:02:45,820 --> 00:02:48,460
Li jista 'jiġri minħabba IP
huwa protokoll connectionless,

51
00:02:48,460 --> 00:02:52,610
u għalhekk pakketti differenti jistgħu jieħdu
mogħdijiet differenti permezz tas-sistema.

52
00:02:52,610 --> 00:02:53,660

53
00:02:53,660 --> 00:02:55,865
>> Xi wħud minn dawn in-numri tal-port
huma użati b'mod komuni ħafna,

54
00:02:55,865 --> 00:02:57,990
u ħadthom ġie standardizzat
madwar kompjuters kollha,

55
00:02:57,990 --> 00:03:00,500
simili, pretty ħafna kull
manifattur tal-kompjuter issa.

56
00:03:00,500 --> 00:03:03,612
Allura xi ħaġa imsejħa FTP,
il-protokoll ta 'trasferiment fajl,

57
00:03:03,612 --> 00:03:05,820
li jintuża biex jittrasmetti
fajls, kif inti tista 'tistenna,

58
00:03:05,820 --> 00:03:10,060
minn magna waħda għall-ieħor,
li juża port 21 konvenzjonalment.

59
00:03:10,060 --> 00:03:13,000
Email, SMTP, użi port 25.

60
00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:16,070
DNS, is-sistema isem tad-dominju, li aħna
tkellem dwar fl primer internet tagħna

61
00:03:16,070 --> 00:03:17,976
video, użi port 53.

62
00:03:17,976 --> 00:03:20,100
Jekk int qatt browsing
il-web, int pretty ħafna

63
00:03:20,100 --> 00:03:23,440
dejjem jużaw port 80, sakemm
int browsing il-web sikur,

64
00:03:23,440 --> 00:03:26,060
web browsing sikuri, bl-użu tal-port 443.

65
00:03:26,060 --> 00:03:28,610

66
00:03:28,610 --> 00:03:30,790
>> Allura x'hemm dan TCP / IP proċess?

67
00:03:30,790 --> 00:03:33,730
Dak li qed jiġri ma 'kemm
ta 'dawn il-protokolli flimkien?

68
00:03:33,730 --> 00:03:35,520
Well, ejja nitkellmu dwar dan.

69
00:03:35,520 --> 00:03:39,420
Meta programm irid jibgħat data,
TCP jgħin jitkisser fis-biċċiet,

70
00:03:39,420 --> 00:03:42,700
u tikkomunika dawn il-pakketti għall
Softwer netwerk tal-kompjuter.

71
00:03:42,700 --> 00:03:45,850
Sabiex tieħu d-data u li
garżi informazzjoni madwaru

72
00:03:45,850 --> 00:03:48,700
li jindika dak port
suppost tmur,

73
00:03:48,700 --> 00:03:52,500
u f'liema ordni li
pakkett huwa barra ta 'kulħadd.

74
00:03:52,500 --> 00:03:56,940
Sabiex tagħmel pakkett wieħed ta '10, żewġ
ta '10, tlieta ta' 10, u l-bqija.

75
00:03:56,940 --> 00:04:01,750
>> IP gets dawk biċċiet tad-dejta li
ikunu ġew imkebba ma TCP,

76
00:04:01,750 --> 00:04:06,447
u garżi aktar informazzjoni dwar
fejn il-pakkett suppost imorru.

77
00:04:06,447 --> 00:04:08,780
Nistgħu nsejħu dan l-IP
saffi madwar il-pakkett.

78
00:04:08,780 --> 00:04:11,210
Għalhekk, huwa tip ta ', bħal,
wieħed minn dawk pupi nesting.

79
00:04:11,210 --> 00:04:14,780
Għandna l-informazzjoni fil-
tan-nofs, u mbagħad TCP fuq quċċata ta ',

80
00:04:14,780 --> 00:04:17,920
javżak lilu meta l-
data ġewwa tal TCP huwa

81
00:04:17,920 --> 00:04:22,150
suppost li jmorru, għal dak port
jew liema servizz fuq magna.

82
00:04:22,150 --> 00:04:25,110
Madwar li huwa s-saff IP.

83
00:04:25,110 --> 00:04:29,230
Liema indirizz IP, liema magna,
huwa attwalment jkollna dan.

84
00:04:29,230 --> 00:04:32,070
>> Mela allura, li pakkett li kien
mgeżwra ma 'dawk saffi kollha,

85
00:04:32,070 --> 00:04:35,250
tintbagħat permezz protokoll internet
permezz tas-sistema ta 'routers, jkollna

86
00:04:35,250 --> 00:04:39,960
minn punt A sa punt B. Meta l-
jirċievu magna, jew mezz, gets

87
00:04:39,960 --> 00:04:42,790
dan, jidher fil-PI
saff, jgħid, Yup li l-

88
00:04:42,790 --> 00:04:45,260
indirizz IP tiegħi, sabiex tieħu
off, tip ta 'xquq l-bajd,

89
00:04:45,260 --> 00:04:47,380
u jieħu off-saff IP.

90
00:04:47,380 --> 00:04:49,530
Imbagħad jara li hemm
saff TCP, u jgħid,

91
00:04:49,530 --> 00:04:52,720
OK, qisu dan huwa
ser port x, y jew port.

92
00:04:52,720 --> 00:04:55,842
U apparentement huwa
pakkett numru tmienja tal-15.

93
00:04:55,842 --> 00:04:56,800
Allura li tajjeb li tkun taf.

94
00:04:56,800 --> 00:05:01,240
Allura allura jista 'jieħu dik l-informazzjoni,
tluq il-saff TCP issa,

95
00:05:01,240 --> 00:05:04,410
jafu li huwa għal port x,
u huwa pakkett numru tmienja,

96
00:05:04,410 --> 00:05:06,270
u jiksbu mill-informazzjoni ġewwa.

97
00:05:06,270 --> 00:05:09,460
U tista 'jħejji d-data sa
jiġu organizzati fil-mod korrett.

98
00:05:09,460 --> 00:05:11,449
U ladarba kollha ta 'l-
data tkun riċevuta, TCP

99
00:05:11,449 --> 00:05:13,990
jista idejn off għall-tajba
servizz, u jgħidu, hawn inti tmur.

100
00:05:13,990 --> 00:05:16,107
Hawn il-data li rċevejt.

101
00:05:16,107 --> 00:05:17,940
Dak il-proċess tista 'tidher
xi ħaġa bħal din.

102
00:05:17,940 --> 00:05:21,392
Mela ejja ibgħat email minn
mittenti għal riċevitur.

103
00:05:21,392 --> 00:05:23,100
U ejja ngħidu dan
email huwa pjuttost żgħir,

104
00:05:23,100 --> 00:05:25,975
hekk aħna biss bżonn li din tinqasam fi
erba pakketti, u aħna ser jsejħulhom A,

105
00:05:25,975 --> 00:05:29,460
B, C, u D. Well, irridu nimxu
li l-ewwel pakkett x'jiġri?

106
00:05:29,460 --> 00:05:34,491
Well, aħna jieħdu dik blokki ta 'data,
id-data li huwa parti mill-pakkett A,

107
00:05:34,491 --> 00:05:38,500
u madwar li aħna qed tmur
biex nagħlaq dan b'saff TCP.

108
00:05:38,500 --> 00:05:41,670
Emails, inti tista 'recall,
jintbagħtu via port 25,

109
00:05:41,670 --> 00:05:46,181
u għandna erba biċċiet ta 'data,
hawn, li aħna qed tmur biex tkun qed tuża,

110
00:05:46,181 --> 00:05:47,430
u dan huwa l-ewwel wieħed minnhom.

111
00:05:47,430 --> 00:05:50,013
Allura forsi saff TCP tagħna fiha
informazzjoni dwar, ukoll, aħna qed

112
00:05:50,013 --> 00:05:56,060
ser port 25, u dan
huwa numru packet wieħed ta 'erba.

113
00:05:56,060 --> 00:05:59,280
>> Madwar dan, hekk issa għandna dak kollu li
informazzjoni miġbura flimkien,

114
00:05:59,280 --> 00:06:03,000
aħna qed tmur biex ngħid fejn irridu
biex imorru, dak magna, liema indirizz IP

115
00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:04,910
suppost biex tikseb dan packet.

116
00:06:04,910 --> 00:06:06,604
U dan huwa parti mis-saff IP.

117
00:06:06,604 --> 00:06:08,770
U hemm informazzjoni oħra
fil hemm kif ukoll, bħal

118
00:06:08,770 --> 00:06:11,300
bħala l-indirizz ta 'ritorn fil
każ xi ħaġa tmur ħażin,

119
00:06:11,300 --> 00:06:14,390
ikun jaf fejn jibgħat
informazzjoni lura, u l-bqija.

120
00:06:14,390 --> 00:06:16,475
>> Imma s-saff IP tmur
madwar kollha ta 'dak.

121
00:06:16,475 --> 00:06:19,860
Li ħaġa sħiħa hija marbuta
flimkien, bħala unità waħda kbira,

122
00:06:19,860 --> 00:06:22,080
u mibgħuta permezz ta 'trasferiment IP.

123
00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:26,180
Allura jiġrilha jgħaddu l-router
network, bl-użu protokoll Internet.

124
00:06:26,180 --> 00:06:28,700
U r-riċevitur jirċievi
il-ħaġa sħiħa.

125
00:06:28,700 --> 00:06:31,910
U allura tista 'tibda
deconstruct dak li qed jiġri hawn.

126
00:06:31,910 --> 00:06:36,030
Hija tħares lejn il-saff IP, il-
saff ta 'barra tal din id-data,

127
00:06:36,030 --> 00:06:38,560
u jgħid, Yep, li PI tiegħi
indirizz għalhekk nistgħu jarmi dan.

128
00:06:38,560 --> 00:06:40,685
I tista ', tip ta', jinjoraha,
ma bżonnha aktar,

129
00:06:40,685 --> 00:06:42,480
u tista 'tfittex livell wieħed aktar profonda.

130
00:06:42,480 --> 00:06:47,590
Jara li, OK, din hija data li
huwa maħsub li jkunu waslu nhar port 25.

131
00:06:47,590 --> 00:06:50,560
Apparentement Hu l-ewwel parti ta 'erba.

132
00:06:50,560 --> 00:06:54,260
Allura, jien ser iżommu dan
mind, u ħarsa lejn il-data,

133
00:06:54,260 --> 00:06:57,349
u slot huwa bejn wieħed u ieħor fejn
Naħseb li għaddej biex tmur.

134
00:06:57,349 --> 00:07:00,140
Issa, minħabba l-protokoll Internet
mhuwiex neċessarjament il-każ

135
00:07:00,140 --> 00:07:03,442
li l-pakkett li jmiss l-
riċevitur gets, huwa packet tnejn.

136
00:07:03,442 --> 00:07:05,150
Fil-fatt, il-li jmiss
ħaġa ir-riċevitur gets

137
00:07:05,150 --> 00:07:08,230
jista 'jkun in-numru packet
tlieta għaliex dawn pakketti

138
00:07:08,230 --> 00:07:11,777
ħa mogħdijiet differenti minħabba
traffiku differenti fuq in-netwerk.

139
00:07:11,777 --> 00:07:14,360
U hekk, jien mhux se jmorru
permezz tal-dijagramma ta 'bini tagħha

140
00:07:14,360 --> 00:07:17,560
mill-ġdid, iżda packet tlieta
jiċċaqlaq, gets imqaxxar bogħod

141
00:07:17,560 --> 00:07:20,410
ta 'kollha ta' saffi tagħha, il-
Saff IP, is-saff TCP,

142
00:07:20,410 --> 00:07:22,420
u d-data gets jitqiegħdu fil-post dritt.

143
00:07:22,420 --> 00:07:25,200
U mbagħad, ejja ngħidu li
tirċievi pakkett erbgħa.

144
00:07:25,200 --> 00:07:29,290
>> Issa ejja ngħidu, thats it, it
ma jkollokx xi data aktar.

145
00:07:29,290 --> 00:07:30,300
X'inhu se jagħmlu?

146
00:07:30,300 --> 00:07:32,110
IP ma tagħmel xejn għalina.

147
00:07:32,110 --> 00:07:33,260
Iżda TCP ma.

148
00:07:33,260 --> 00:07:38,250
TCP jaf, ukoll, stajt rċeviet wieħed minn
erbgħa, tlieta minn erba, u erba 'mill erbgħa.

149
00:07:38,250 --> 00:07:41,100
Jien ma jkollna ebda data aktar.

150
00:07:41,100 --> 00:07:43,770
Allura xi ħaġa marret ħażin.

151
00:07:43,770 --> 00:07:45,050
Imma nista 'garanzija tal-konsenja.

152
00:07:45,050 --> 00:07:49,300
Naf li packet
numru tnejn hija nieqsa.

153
00:07:49,300 --> 00:07:52,470
U hekk TCP issa jistgħu jagħmlu talba,
tip ta ', fid-direzzjoni b'lura.

154
00:07:52,470 --> 00:07:55,170
Irbit up-talba tiegħu
fil ħafna bl-istess mod,

155
00:07:55,170 --> 00:07:57,230
u jibagħtuha permezz IP,
li, naf, tista

156
00:07:57,230 --> 00:08:00,880
jwassal għal xi tip ta 'loop infinita ta
kulħadd twaqqa pakketti fuq il-mod.

157
00:08:00,880 --> 00:08:05,580
>> Iżda huwa biżżejjed li jingħad li TCP
jgħid, jien nieqsa pakkett.

158
00:08:05,580 --> 00:08:08,670
I bżonn biex tibgħat l-informazzjoni
lura lill-mittent.

159
00:08:08,670 --> 00:08:12,025
Fortunatament tal-mittent indirizz IP huwa,
tip ta ', miġbura fil-saff IP.

160
00:08:12,025 --> 00:08:15,780
Huwa parti of-- huwa r-ritorn
jindirizzahom il-pakkett.

161
00:08:15,780 --> 00:08:18,800
U jgħidu, jien nieqsa numru packet
tnejn, tista 'jekk jogħġbok resend dan.

162
00:08:18,800 --> 00:08:20,550
Meta l-mittent jirċievi
dik l-informazzjoni,

163
00:08:20,550 --> 00:08:22,599
ma għandhom jibagħtu
l-email kollu mill-ġdid.

164
00:08:22,599 --> 00:08:25,390
Hija biss jeħtieġ li jibgħat dak l-individwu
biċċa minnu li kienet nieqsa,

165
00:08:25,390 --> 00:08:27,590
hekk aħna tista 'tibgħat pakkett numru tnejn.

166
00:08:27,590 --> 00:08:32,610
U meta jiġrilha dan, issa TCP jgħid,
Għandi l-erba 'biċċiet ta' data

167
00:08:32,610 --> 00:08:34,100
li għandi bżonn.

168
00:08:34,100 --> 00:08:39,590
So, I tista 'tiġbor flimkien, u
jieħdu dan il-blokk kollu ta 'informazzjoni

169
00:08:39,590 --> 00:08:44,169
u tgħaddih flimkien lill port 25, fejn
se jiġu interpretati bħala email.

170
00:08:44,169 --> 00:08:47,010
U that-- b'dan il-mod konna
issa ibgħat email minn mittent

171
00:08:47,010 --> 00:08:49,273
li jirċievi, bis TCP / IP.

172
00:08:49,273 --> 00:08:51,430

173
00:08:51,430 --> 00:08:54,180
Allura, kif għidt, jekk f'xi punt
matul it-triq xi ħaġa li marret ħażin,

174
00:08:54,180 --> 00:08:56,600
TCP tista 'tittratta magħha.

175
00:08:56,600 --> 00:09:00,010
Hija tista 'tagħmel talba li l
informazzjoni gets mibgħuta lura lilu.

176
00:09:00,010 --> 00:09:01,840
U tista 'tirrikostitwixxi l-messaġġ.

177
00:09:01,840 --> 00:09:05,090
U ladarba huwa rikostruwit-messaġġ
minn dak kollu li pakketti huwa rċieva,

178
00:09:05,090 --> 00:09:10,350
allura jista jorganizzaw lilhom u
jagħti lill-servizz korretta.

179
00:09:10,350 --> 00:09:11,990
>> Allura dak TCP fil-qosor.

180
00:09:11,990 --> 00:09:14,550
Li kif aħna garanzija
għoti ta 'informazzjoni.

181
00:09:14,550 --> 00:09:16,540
Ftakar il-TCP
spiss jaħdem ma IP,

182
00:09:16,540 --> 00:09:18,990
hekk dawn iż-żewġ protokolli
verament jimxu id f'id.

183
00:09:18,990 --> 00:09:22,160
Iddiskutejna f'bosta videos
hawnhekk għaliex dawn jagħmlu affarijiet differenti,

184
00:09:22,160 --> 00:09:26,190
iżda dawn qed hekk interrelatati, huma
inti ser normalment jużawhom flimkien.

185
00:09:26,190 --> 00:09:27,150
>> Jien Doug Lloyd.

186
00:09:27,150 --> 00:09:29,160
Dan huwa CS50.

187
00:09:29,160 --> 00:09:31,233