1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,958 >> DAVID Malan: Kull dritt. 2 00:00:00,958 --> 00:00:01,470 Merħba. 3 00:00:01,470 --> 00:00:02,140 Hello Kulhadd. 4 00:00:02,140 --> 00:00:03,550 Jisimni David Malan. 5 00:00:03,550 --> 00:00:05,720 Jien fuq il-xjenza tal-kompjuter fakultà hawn fil-Harvard, 6 00:00:05,720 --> 00:00:08,130 u jgħallmu courses-- ftit ħafna minnhom relatati 7 00:00:08,130 --> 00:00:10,720 lill-kompjuter introduttorja xjenza u l-livell ogħla 8 00:00:10,720 --> 00:00:12,370 kunċetti li jirriżultaw minn dik. 9 00:00:12,370 --> 00:00:16,660 Il-koppja li jmiss ta 'ġranet huma mhux tant għalkemm dwar il-bini mill-art 10 00:00:16,660 --> 00:00:18,920 up, kif nistgħu fil tipiku kors undergraduate, 11 00:00:18,920 --> 00:00:22,300 iżda tħares lejn ix-xjenza tal-kompjuter kif tirrigwarda negozju u d-deċiżjoni 12 00:00:22,300 --> 00:00:24,360 making-- tassew minn il top down sabiex inkunu 13 00:00:24,360 --> 00:00:27,170 tista 'takkomoda firxa ta' sfondi, kif tkun taf dalwaqt tara, 14 00:00:27,170 --> 00:00:30,994 kemm inqas tekniċi u aktar teknika, u wkoll numru ta 'miri 15 00:00:30,994 --> 00:00:31,660 li folks jkollhom. 16 00:00:31,660 --> 00:00:34,680 Fil-fatt, ħsibna aħna'd tibda off billi tagħti ħarsa lejn uħud 17 00:00:34,680 --> 00:00:37,210 mill-demografija għandna hawnhekk. 18 00:00:37,210 --> 00:00:39,390 Iżda l-ewwel, ejja tagħti tħares lejn fejn aħna qed intitolat. 19 00:00:39,390 --> 00:00:44,280 >> Hekk illum, għandna erba blokki ffukat għall-jum. 20 00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:48,560 L-ewwel, aħna se tiffoka fuq privatezza, is-sigurtà, u s-soċjetà. 21 00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:51,415 U aħna ser nagħmlu dan permezz ta ' Koppja ta 'studji ta' każijiet ta 'tip. 22 00:00:51,415 --> 00:00:54,040 ħafna ħafna fl-aħbarijiet ta tard kienet ċerta kumpanija msejħa 23 00:00:54,040 --> 00:00:57,580 Tuffieħ u ċertu aġenzija magħruf bħala l-FBI, kif inti jista 'jkollok taqra. 24 00:00:57,580 --> 00:00:59,890 U aħna ser jużaw dan bħala opportunità li jiddiskutu 25 00:00:59,890 --> 00:01:02,470 eżattament dak li xi wħud mill l-kwistjonijiet sottostanti 26 00:01:02,470 --> 00:01:06,072 hemm, għaliex huwa interessanti, xi tfisser teknoloġikament, 27 00:01:06,072 --> 00:01:07,780 u l-użu li biex tranżizzjoni b'mod aktar ġenerali 28 00:01:07,780 --> 00:01:11,290 għal diskussjoni dwar is-sigurtà u jagħmlu deċiżjonijiet fuq. 29 00:01:11,290 --> 00:01:13,180 >> Tnejn, tħares lejn encryption speċifikament. 30 00:01:13,180 --> 00:01:16,388 Allura aħna ser tfittex ftit aktar teknikament lejn xi jfisser li attwalment ġirja 31 00:01:16,388 --> 00:01:17,580 jew jikkripta informazzjoni. 32 00:01:17,580 --> 00:01:19,413 U allura aħna ser tagħti tħares lejn Dropbox, li 33 00:01:19,413 --> 00:01:22,060 hija waħda minn dawn popolari ħafna fajl għodod kondiviżjoni dawn il-jiem. 34 00:01:22,060 --> 00:01:26,450 Inti tista 'tużah, jew Kaxxa, jew SkyDrive, jew l-Inkarnazzjoni aktar riċenti 35 00:01:26,450 --> 00:01:27,680 tagħhom u ibqa 'sejjer hekk. 36 00:01:27,680 --> 00:01:29,950 U aħna ser tagħti ħarsa lejn uħud mill is-sigurtà sottostanti u l-privatezza 37 00:01:29,950 --> 00:01:30,742 implikazzjonijiet hemm. 38 00:01:30,742 --> 00:01:33,408 Aħna ser ikollhom waqfa, u allura aħna ser tħares lejn teknoloġiji tal-internet 39 00:01:33,408 --> 00:01:35,240 fl-aħħar nofs ta ' din il morning-- jippruvaw 40 00:01:35,240 --> 00:01:39,000 biex jagħtuk sens aħjar ta 'kif li ħaġa xogħlijiet li ħafna minnkom 41 00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:41,860 huma konnessi mal fil-moment-- ċertament jużaw aktar minn darba kull day-- 42 00:01:41,860 --> 00:01:45,560 u x'inhuma l-implikazzjonijiet hemm għall-prestazzjoni, għal ħardwer, 43 00:01:45,560 --> 00:01:49,000 għal softwer, u kull numru ta ' attributi oħra, speċifikament 44 00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:52,000 jippruvaw tease apparti mazz sħiħ ta akronimi li inti tista raw 45 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:53,990 jew tista 'anki l-użu, iżda mhux neċessarjament jaf 46 00:01:53,990 --> 00:01:56,040 x'inhu għaddej taħt il-barnuża. 47 00:01:56,040 --> 00:01:59,500 U aħna ser tagħti ħarsa biex fil- proċess ta attwalment jkollna kumpanija 48 00:01:59,500 --> 00:02:03,164 jew jkollna entità onlajn fuq il- -web, u dak li effettivament tfisser. 49 00:02:03,164 --> 00:02:04,580 Imbagħad aħna ser ikollhom waqfa għall-ikel. 50 00:02:04,580 --> 00:02:07,790 Aħna ser jiġu lura u tagħti ħarsa lejn sħaba kompjuters, u wkoll tfassil servers 51 00:02:07,790 --> 00:02:09,889 arkitetturi aktar ġeneralment sabiex tkun taf 52 00:02:09,889 --> 00:02:13,160 walk out ma 'fehim aħjar, nisperaw, ta 'dan l-buzzword "sħaba 53 00:02:13,160 --> 00:02:14,867 kompjuters, "imma dak li effettivament tfisser. 54 00:02:14,867 --> 00:02:16,950 U jekk inti qed tipprova tibni negozju jew int 55 00:02:16,950 --> 00:02:19,484 jippruvaw jespandu negozju, eżattament dak li għandek bżonn tkun taf 56 00:02:19,484 --> 00:02:22,400 u dak li għandek bżonn tagħmel biex manku numri ta 'utenti jiżdied 57 00:02:22,400 --> 00:02:25,190 onlajn, u liema tip ta 'deċiżjonijiet inti għandek tagħmel madwar dik. 58 00:02:25,190 --> 00:02:28,380 >> U mbagħad fl-aħħar parti tal-lum, aħna ser tagħti ħarsa lejn żvilupp tal-web 59 00:02:28,380 --> 00:02:29,330 b'mod speċifiku. 60 00:02:29,330 --> 00:02:31,690 Aħna mhux se tikseb l-idejn tagħna wisq maħmuġin, iżda ħsibt 61 00:02:31,690 --> 00:02:34,689 jista 'jiġi illuminanti jekk aħna verament do jiksbu l-idejn tagħna ftit maħmuġa, 62 00:02:34,689 --> 00:02:40,052 u tagħti ħarsa lejn xi ħaġa imsejħa HTML, CSS, u sett server attwali 63 00:02:40,052 --> 00:02:43,010 b'tali mod li tkun taf toħloq xi ftit paġna tal-web għalik innifsek, anki jekk inti stajt 64 00:02:43,010 --> 00:02:43,718 għamlu dan qabel. 65 00:02:43,718 --> 00:02:47,010 Iżda aħna ser nitkellmu dwar dak il- ideat interessanti huma sottostanti li 66 00:02:47,010 --> 00:02:48,920 u x'inhu dak li attwalment hu jiġri kull darba li inti 67 00:02:48,920 --> 00:02:54,470 mur Google apps, jew Facebook, jew kwalunkwe numru ta 'għodod oħra web-based. 68 00:02:54,470 --> 00:02:57,670 >> Għada, sadanittant, aħna ser transizzjoni għal ħarsa 69 00:02:57,670 --> 00:02:59,890 fil-għodu fil thinking-- komputazzjoni 70 00:02:59,890 --> 00:03:03,090 mod fancy ta 'jiddeskrivu kif il-kompjuter jista 'jaħseb 71 00:03:03,090 --> 00:03:05,710 jew umana huma kapaċi sew fil computing jista think-- 72 00:03:05,710 --> 00:03:09,330 ftit aktar metodiku, ftit aktar algorithmic, kif aħna jista 'jgħid. 73 00:03:09,330 --> 00:03:13,630 U aħna mhux se jmorru wisq profondament fil-programmazzjoni per se, 74 00:03:13,630 --> 00:03:15,590 imma aħna ser tiffoka fuq xi mill-prinċipji li inti 75 00:03:15,590 --> 00:03:18,800 ara fl-ipprogrammar u tal-kompjuter astrazzjoni science--, algoritmi, 76 00:03:18,800 --> 00:03:21,751 u kif int tirrappreżenta data, u għaliex dan huwa attwalment interessanti. 77 00:03:21,751 --> 00:03:23,750 Aħna se jieħdu xi ftit ta ħarsa lejn programmazzjoni mill-ġdid 78 00:03:23,750 --> 00:03:25,350 fl-aħħar nofs ta 'għada filgħodu. 79 00:03:25,350 --> 00:03:27,266 Aħna ser jiksbu l-idejn tiegħek ftit maħmuġa ma 'dan, 80 00:03:27,266 --> 00:03:30,150 iżda biss b'tali mod li għandna xi kuntest għall tkellem dwar xi wħud 81 00:03:30,150 --> 00:03:34,080 tat-termini ta 'l-arti li inġinier jew programmer tista 'attwalment jużaw, affarijiet 82 00:03:34,080 --> 00:03:37,959 inti tista 'tisma' jew tara fuq whiteboard meta inġiniera qed tfassal xi ħaġa. 83 00:03:37,959 --> 00:03:40,000 Fit-tieni nofs ta 'l għada, aħna ser tagħti ħarsa 84 00:03:40,000 --> 00:03:42,220 fuq dak li jista 'jissejjaħ stacks teknoloġija. 85 00:03:42,220 --> 00:03:44,170 Fi kliem ieħor, l-aktar nies illum ma tantx 86 00:03:44,170 --> 00:03:46,230 bilqegħda ma 'vojta iskrin quddiem minnhom 87 00:03:46,230 --> 00:03:48,900 u jibda jinbena xi applikazzjoni jew bini ta xi websajt. 88 00:03:48,900 --> 00:03:50,690 Inti toqgħod fuq il- ispallejn ta 'oħrajn li jużaw 89 00:03:50,690 --> 00:03:54,257 affarijiet imsejħa oqfsa u l-libreriji, ħafna minnhom open source dawn il-jiem. 90 00:03:54,257 --> 00:03:56,340 Allura aħna ser jagħtuk sens ta 'dak kollu li jkunu infurmati dwar 91 00:03:56,340 --> 00:04:01,790 u kif inti tmur dwar tfassil softwer u jagħżlu dawk l-ingredjenti. 92 00:04:01,790 --> 00:04:05,189 >> U allura aħna ser tikkonkludi ma ħarsa fil ipprogrammar tal-web speċifikament 93 00:04:05,189 --> 00:04:06,980 u xi wħud mill- teknoloġiji relatati hemmhekk, 94 00:04:06,980 --> 00:04:11,200 affarijiet too-- simili databases, sors miftuħ, jew APIs kummerċjali, 95 00:04:11,200 --> 00:04:14,200 jew programmi applikattivi -interfaces, u mbagħad lingwa waħda tali 96 00:04:14,200 --> 00:04:15,570 li inti tista 'tuża ma' dak. 97 00:04:15,570 --> 00:04:18,800 Għalhekk ser tkun taħlita ta kunċettwali introduzzjonijiet, taħlita ta 'l-idejn fuq, 98 00:04:18,800 --> 00:04:21,019 u taħlita għal diskussjoni kollu. 99 00:04:21,019 --> 00:04:25,500 >> Iżda qabel ma nagħmlu dan, let me jagħtuk risposta għal koppja ta 'mistoqsijiet 100 00:04:25,500 --> 00:04:26,834 li kulħadd hawnhekk kien mistoqsi. 101 00:04:26,834 --> 00:04:29,000 Kif tiddeskrivi tiegħek kumdità mat-teknoloġija? 102 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:30,250 Għandna daqsxejn ta 'firxa hawn. 103 00:04:30,250 --> 00:04:34,342 Allura sitt persuni qal kemmxejn komdu, Ta 'ħames qal ħafna, u tnejn qalu mhux ħafna. 104 00:04:34,342 --> 00:04:36,800 Allura li jkun tajjeb għall xi diskussjonijiet interessanti. 105 00:04:36,800 --> 00:04:41,630 >> U jekk jogħġbok, fi kwalunkwe punt, kemm jekk inti huma fil-kategoriji mhux ħafna jew ħafna, 106 00:04:41,630 --> 00:04:44,430 do push back jekk jew Jien wieħed jassumi wisq 107 00:04:44,430 --> 00:04:46,700 jew jitkellem fil għoljin wisq ta 'livell. 108 00:04:46,700 --> 00:04:47,680 Do iġibu me lura stabbiliti. 109 00:04:47,680 --> 00:04:50,260 U bil-maqlub, jekk youd tixtieq tikseb ftit aktar 110 00:04:50,260 --> 00:04:53,580 fil-ħaxix ħażin ma 'xi tema teknikament, bil-mezzi kollha timbotta fuq dan. 111 00:04:53,580 --> 00:04:57,280 Ninsab biex kuntenti li tirrispondi isfel li 0s u 1s jekk ikun hemm bżonn. 112 00:04:57,280 --> 00:04:59,620 >> Għandek xi programmar esperjenza fi kwalunkwe lingwa? 113 00:04:59,620 --> 00:05:04,020 Just biex jikkalibra, kważi kulħadd m'għandha l-ebda esperjenza ta 'programmazzjoni ta' qabel, 114 00:05:04,020 --> 00:05:04,730 li hija kbira. 115 00:05:04,730 --> 00:05:08,672 U anke għal dawk li jagħmlu, aħna mhux se jqattgħu wisq ħin attwalment tagħlim 116 00:05:08,672 --> 00:05:10,880 kif program, iżda pjuttost biss giving you togħma hekk 117 00:05:10,880 --> 00:05:13,890 li nistgħu mbagħad jimxu minn hemm u jitkellmu f'livell ogħla dwar għaliex 118 00:05:13,890 --> 00:05:16,360 xi wħud minn dawn il-kunċetti huma interessanti. 119 00:05:16,360 --> 00:05:18,884 >> Dan u aktar kollha se tkun disponibbli onlajn. 120 00:05:18,884 --> 00:05:21,300 Fil-fatt, jekk hemm URL waħda inti tixtieq li żżomm miftuħa fuq tab 121 00:05:21,300 --> 00:05:23,770 matul llum u għada, inti tista 'tixtieq li tmur għal dan wieħed hawn. 122 00:05:23,770 --> 00:05:25,150 U dan huwa kopja ta 'l-pjastri. 123 00:05:25,150 --> 00:05:27,774 U kull tibdil li nagħmlu matul il- kors tal-lum jew diskussjonijiet 124 00:05:27,774 --> 00:05:30,200 li aħna jannota fuq il-pjastri, dawn ser ikunu hemm istantanjament 125 00:05:30,200 --> 00:05:33,330 jekk inti biss rikarigu-browser tiegħek. 126 00:05:33,330 --> 00:05:36,160 So I ser jagħtuk mument li LOGHOME dak isfel, 127 00:05:36,160 --> 00:05:40,150 u tkun taf mbagħad tkun kapaċi biex tara eżattament dak li nara. 128 00:05:40,150 --> 00:05:44,230 >> Iżda qabel ma aħna nimxu 'l quddiem, jiena ħsibt li jista 'jkun utli, 129 00:05:44,230 --> 00:05:46,390 speċjalment peress li aħna qed grupp intima, biss 130 00:05:46,390 --> 00:05:49,180 biex isiru jafu lil xulxin għal Ftit ftit u forsi jgħidu 131 00:05:49,180 --> 00:05:52,437 fejn int minn, jew dak li inti tagħmel, u dak li qed jittamaw li toħroġ tal-lum 132 00:05:52,437 --> 00:05:54,770 u għada, idealment sabiex inti tista 'ssib wieħed jew aktar 133 00:05:54,770 --> 00:05:57,840 bħal spirti moħħom jew folks sa kellem lit-waqt waqfa jew ikla. 134 00:05:57,840 --> 00:06:00,060 U jien ser jaqbżu magħna madwar kemmxejn każwali. 135 00:06:00,060 --> 00:06:01,740 Arwa, inti tixtieq li jgħidu bonjour ewwel? 136 00:06:01,740 --> 00:06:02,406 >> UDJENZA: Hello. 137 00:06:02,406 --> 00:06:03,740 għodwa t-tajba, kulħadd. 138 00:06:03,740 --> 00:06:07,216 Jisimni Arwa. [Inaudible]. 139 00:06:07,216 --> 00:06:10,632 I xogħol fil lejn is-settur tiegħi bħal servizzi bankarji, negozju [inaudible]. 140 00:06:10,632 --> 00:06:22,464 141 00:06:22,464 --> 00:06:23,130 DAVID Malan: OK. 142 00:06:23,130 --> 00:06:23,510 Wonderful. 143 00:06:23,510 --> 00:06:24,009 Merħba. 144 00:06:24,009 --> 00:06:24,715 Andrew. 145 00:06:24,715 --> 00:06:25,340 UDJENZA: Yeah. 146 00:06:25,340 --> 00:06:26,040 Hi, kulħadd. 147 00:06:26,040 --> 00:06:27,492 Jien Andrew [inaudible]. 148 00:06:27,492 --> 00:06:29,670 So I xogħol għal teknoloġija kumpanija, Red Hat, 149 00:06:29,670 --> 00:06:32,505 li huwa kbir miftuħa kumpanija sors. 150 00:06:32,505 --> 00:06:34,404 I jkollhom negozju isfond hekk [inaudible] 151 00:06:34,404 --> 00:06:39,008 nikseb aktar versed fis-teħid investimenti soluzzjoni orjentati, 152 00:06:39,008 --> 00:06:41,640 I biss bżonn tkun taf liema nies qed nitkellmu. 153 00:06:41,640 --> 00:06:44,305 So I twassal operazzjonijiet tagħna msieħba globali. 154 00:06:44,305 --> 00:06:46,740 Stajt kont qed tagħmel dan għal madwar ħames snin. 155 00:06:46,740 --> 00:06:48,201 Ħarsa ġenerali tiegħek huwa meraviljuż. 156 00:06:48,201 --> 00:06:50,368 Ninsab verament tfittex li pick up dawk kollha [inaudible]. 157 00:06:50,368 --> 00:06:51,325 DAVID Malan: Wonderful. 158 00:06:51,325 --> 00:06:52,200 Ferħan li jkunu inti. 159 00:06:52,200 --> 00:06:53,197 Chris. 160 00:06:53,197 --> 00:06:54,191 >> UDJENZA: filgħodu Tajba. 161 00:06:54,191 --> 00:06:55,185 Jisimni Chris Pratt. 162 00:06:55,185 --> 00:06:57,173 I xogħol għal kumpanija msejħa [inaudible]. 163 00:06:57,173 --> 00:07:00,155 164 00:07:00,155 --> 00:07:03,137 Huwa negozju tal-familja, so I jagħmlu ħafna ta 'proġetti differenti. 165 00:07:03,137 --> 00:07:11,089 U d-dritt issa, jien iffukat fuq it-teknoloġija inizjattivi u tmexxija ta 'staff tal-IT tagħna. 166 00:07:11,089 --> 00:07:15,296 Hekk jien hawn biex tikseb aktar għoli livell u l-fehim wiesa 167 00:07:15,296 --> 00:07:20,525 tat-tipi ta 'affarijiet li [inaudible] hija 168 00:07:20,525 --> 00:07:25,762 tagħmel u familjari ma so I tista 'tgħin jagħmlu d-deċiżjonijiet [inaudible]. 169 00:07:25,762 --> 00:07:26,720 DAVID Malan: Wonderful. 170 00:07:26,720 --> 00:07:27,466 Merħba abbord. 171 00:07:27,466 --> 00:07:29,330 Olivier, huwa? 172 00:07:29,330 --> 00:07:29,953 >> UDJENZA: Iva. 173 00:07:29,953 --> 00:07:34,507 Hekk jien jgħixu Franċiż fl-Isvizzera ħidma għall [inaudible]. 174 00:07:34,507 --> 00:07:41,270 Huwa [inaudible] korporazzjonijiet. 175 00:07:41,270 --> 00:07:45,770 Allura aħna qed jiġbor flus meta hemm diżastru u kollox. 176 00:07:45,770 --> 00:07:47,770 U jien tagħlim xi strateġiji hemmhekk. 177 00:07:47,770 --> 00:07:55,004 >> So I jkollhom jaħdmu fuq [inaudible] proġetti diġitali, iżda wkoll 178 00:07:55,004 --> 00:07:57,439 proġetti pjuttost teknoloġiċi. 179 00:07:57,439 --> 00:08:01,822 Allura l-idea għalija huwa verament li ikunu jistgħu jagħmlu deċiżjonijiet aħjar 180 00:08:01,822 --> 00:08:04,762 u kienet infurmata aħjar tal dak Ninsab verament [inaudible]. 181 00:08:04,762 --> 00:08:05,720 DAVID Malan: Wonderful. 182 00:08:05,720 --> 00:08:06,219 Merħba. 183 00:08:06,219 --> 00:08:09,146 U Rumani jew Rumana, huwa? 184 00:08:09,146 --> 00:08:10,437 UDJENZA: Ninsab minn [inaudible]. 185 00:08:10,437 --> 00:08:13,888 186 00:08:13,888 --> 00:08:16,353 U jien responsabbli għall-[inaudible]. 187 00:08:16,353 --> 00:08:19,311 U fit-tim we-- nkunu tim funzjonali salib 188 00:08:19,311 --> 00:08:21,776 hekk aħna naħdmu ma 'inġiniera. 189 00:08:21,776 --> 00:08:25,530 U dak li jien bil-ħerqa li hija tkun tista 'tikkomunika aħjar 190 00:08:25,530 --> 00:08:27,505 ma 'inġiniera. 191 00:08:27,505 --> 00:08:28,005 [Inaudible] 192 00:08:28,005 --> 00:08:31,780 193 00:08:31,780 --> 00:08:32,870 >> DAVID Malan: Wonderful. 194 00:08:32,870 --> 00:08:34,080 U Karina. 195 00:08:34,080 --> 00:08:36,580 >> UDJENZA: Ninsab Karina minn Montreal. 196 00:08:36,580 --> 00:08:47,630 Jien fuq [inaudible] ta provinċja tal-Quebec. 197 00:08:47,630 --> 00:08:49,726 Jiddispjacini, għall-Ingliż tiegħi. 198 00:08:49,726 --> 00:08:56,520 U jien hawn biex jifhmu aħjar dak programmer tiegħi jew fornitur spjegat 199 00:08:56,520 --> 00:08:59,246 lili. 200 00:08:59,246 --> 00:08:59,745 [Inaudible] 201 00:08:59,745 --> 00:09:04,334 202 00:09:04,334 --> 00:09:05,000 DAVID Malan: Oh. 203 00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:05,506 Wonderful. 204 00:09:05,506 --> 00:09:07,630 Ukoll, jekk jien qatt jitkellmu wisq malajr, do bil-mod me isfel. 205 00:09:07,630 --> 00:09:08,720 U jien kuntent li jirrepetu. 206 00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:09,595 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 207 00:09:09,595 --> 00:09:12,130 208 00:09:12,130 --> 00:09:12,880 DAVID Malan: Sure. 209 00:09:12,880 --> 00:09:13,680 Tinkwetax. 210 00:09:13,680 --> 00:09:14,707 U Nikisa, huwa? 211 00:09:14,707 --> 00:09:15,290 UDJENZA: Iva. 212 00:09:15,290 --> 00:09:15,790 Grazzi. 213 00:09:15,790 --> 00:09:18,830 Jisimni Nikisa, u jien [inaudible]. 214 00:09:18,830 --> 00:09:19,330 [Inaudible] 215 00:09:19,330 --> 00:09:24,574 216 00:09:24,574 --> 00:09:25,846 I am myself [inaudible]. 217 00:09:25,846 --> 00:09:30,560 218 00:09:30,560 --> 00:09:42,825 Hekk jien dejjem konfuż ma '[inaudible] tkun xi tkun int verament [inaudible]. 219 00:09:42,825 --> 00:10:01,682 220 00:10:01,682 --> 00:10:02,430 >> DAVID Malan: OK. 221 00:10:02,430 --> 00:10:03,030 Wonderful. 222 00:10:03,030 --> 00:10:03,842 Merħba. 223 00:10:03,842 --> 00:10:05,060 Victoria. 224 00:10:05,060 --> 00:10:06,030 >> UDJENZA: Ninsab Victoria. 225 00:10:06,030 --> 00:10:07,485 I live in Repubblika Ċeka. 226 00:10:07,485 --> 00:10:09,414 I xogħol għal [inaudible] Intrapriża. 227 00:10:09,414 --> 00:10:11,122 U anki jekk huwa kumpanija IT, huwa 228 00:10:11,122 --> 00:10:14,074 possibbli li fil IT kumpanija [inaudible]. 229 00:10:14,074 --> 00:10:16,240 Hekk jien iffukat fuq in-negozju iżvilupp, u kull meta 230 00:10:16,240 --> 00:10:18,781 Mmur għal laqgħa klijent, jien għandek tieħu persuna teknika 231 00:10:18,781 --> 00:10:21,017 miegħi għax tiegħi klijent tistaqsi mistoqsijiet 232 00:10:21,017 --> 00:10:24,736 dwar aspett tekniku ta ' l-istorja. [Inaudible]. 233 00:10:24,736 --> 00:10:27,110 Huma jitkellmu ma 'xulxin, iżda imbagħad għandi l-ebda għarfien 234 00:10:27,110 --> 00:10:28,352 ta 'dak li qed jiddiskutu. 235 00:10:28,352 --> 00:10:30,060 So I d tixtieq tikseb fehim aħjar 236 00:10:30,060 --> 00:10:35,800 għax naħseb li kieku jgħinu myself [inaudible] 237 00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:37,800 bir-relazzjoni tiegħi ma ' -klijenti kif ukoll. 238 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:39,320 >> DAVID Malan: U huwa tajjeb punt għalija li Chime fi. 239 00:10:39,320 --> 00:10:41,350 s biss tant aħna ser ikunu hemm tista 'tagħmel fil biss jumejn. 240 00:10:41,350 --> 00:10:43,450 Iżda fost il-miri, Nixtieq tama, hija li, 241 00:10:43,450 --> 00:10:45,800 wara l-koppja li jmiss ta ġranet, kliem tal-anqas aktar 242 00:10:45,800 --> 00:10:47,970 se tħares familjari kif int poking madwar online. 243 00:10:47,970 --> 00:10:50,980 U inti ser ikollok aħjar sens ta 'dak li Google, 244 00:10:50,980 --> 00:10:52,910 jew liema kliem fil-fatt tfisser xi ħaġa u dak 245 00:10:52,910 --> 00:10:55,620 jista 'jkun kummerċjalizzazzjoni fluffy ngħidu hekk li, maż-żmien, inti 246 00:10:55,620 --> 00:10:58,670 jistgħu jibnu dik kumdità u nisperaw displace il-persuna li 247 00:10:58,670 --> 00:11:00,410 għandu tag flimkien kull darba. 248 00:11:00,410 --> 00:11:01,726 Ben. 249 00:11:01,726 --> 00:11:03,225 UDJENZA: Ben Jisimni s [inaudible]. 250 00:11:03,225 --> 00:11:06,207 I'ma tranżazzjoni teknoloġija avukat. [Inaudible]. 251 00:11:06,207 --> 00:11:10,310 U jien verament hawn biex tikseb biss fehim aħjar ta 'dak 252 00:11:10,310 --> 00:11:18,231 CTOs u Inġiniera fi [inaudible] legali naħa ta 'l-affarijiet ta' strutturar [inaudible]. 253 00:11:18,231 --> 00:11:24,072 254 00:11:24,072 --> 00:11:25,030 DAVID Malan: Wonderful. 255 00:11:25,030 --> 00:11:26,600 UDJENZA: U Dan. 256 00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:28,220 Hi, kulħadd. 257 00:11:28,220 --> 00:11:29,220 Dan Jisimni s. 258 00:11:29,220 --> 00:11:30,230 I live lokali hawnhekk. 259 00:11:30,230 --> 00:11:32,100 Jien minn Andover. 260 00:11:32,100 --> 00:11:36,200 I xogħol lokalment fi software kumpanija, Kronos Incorporated. 261 00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:39,090 Been fis-software fuq 20 sena u [inaudible] 262 00:11:39,090 --> 00:11:42,470 marketing u tipi ta 'żviluppi impjiegi. 263 00:11:42,470 --> 00:11:49,176 Għall-aħħar ħames snin, stajt ġestiti tim ta 'konsulenti sħaba tekniċi 264 00:11:49,176 --> 00:11:50,880 fil presales moda. 265 00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:53,880 >> So I telgħet lott ta 'kunċetti dwar il-mod. 266 00:11:53,880 --> 00:11:56,620 U hekk I do ħafna ta ' diskussjonijiet tekniċi. 267 00:11:56,620 --> 00:11:57,870 Imma nista 'biss teħodha s'issa. 268 00:11:57,870 --> 00:12:01,420 Simili għall Rabat, lottijiet ta 'drabi I nikseb mitlufa 269 00:12:01,420 --> 00:12:03,348 u l-ħtieġa biex iċemplu persuna teknika. 270 00:12:03,348 --> 00:12:06,720 Hekk jien biss tfittex li sekwenza ħafna jargon teknoloġija 271 00:12:06,720 --> 00:12:09,738 flimkien so I nikseb fehim aħjar so I 272 00:12:09,738 --> 00:12:11,462 jista 'jkollha konversazzjonijiet aktar infurmati. 273 00:12:11,462 --> 00:12:12,420 DAVID Malan: Eċċellenti. 274 00:12:12,420 --> 00:12:14,410 Ukoll, finalment, nistgħu tmexxi l-koppja li jmiss ta 'jiem 275 00:12:14,410 --> 00:12:15,890 fi kwalunkwe folks direzzjoni tixtieq. 276 00:12:15,890 --> 00:12:18,040 Għandna raġel tiben għall kemm illum u għada. 277 00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:21,020 Iżda bil-mezzi kollha, tħossok liberu li steer us jew matul is-sessjoni 278 00:12:21,020 --> 00:12:22,965 jew matul il-brejk jew ikla jekk hemm xi ħaġa 279 00:12:22,965 --> 00:12:24,340 inti tixtieq li jingrana sider tiegħek. 280 00:12:24,340 --> 00:12:26,759 U let me jenfasizzaw, hemm verament ebda kwistjoni mutu. 281 00:12:26,759 --> 00:12:28,550 U jekk inti tħoss bħal -mistoqsija tiegħek hija dumb, 282 00:12:28,550 --> 00:12:32,319 bil-mezzi kollha staqsi lili aktar clairière matul il-brejk, jew lunch, jew simili. 283 00:12:32,319 --> 00:12:35,360 Iżda mistrieħ assigurat, aħna jidhru li jkunu fl tajjeb ħafna company-- kumpannija mħallta ħafna 284 00:12:35,360 --> 00:12:37,630 hawn, kemm internazzjonalment u teknikament. 285 00:12:37,630 --> 00:12:41,500 Hekk li tħossok liberu li jaqsmu kif komdu kif inti tixtieq. 286 00:12:41,500 --> 00:12:44,050 >> Allura għaliex ma we tagħti ħarsa, għal darb'oħra, f'dan il-kuntest 287 00:12:44,050 --> 00:12:48,520 tal-privatezza, is-sigurtà, u s-soċjetà f'dan il-każ partikolari li jinvolvi 288 00:12:48,520 --> 00:12:49,990 Apple u l-FBI. 289 00:12:49,990 --> 00:12:52,640 U inti tista 'tkun ġeneralment familjari ma 'dan il-każ. 290 00:12:52,640 --> 00:12:54,550 Huwa diffiċli li jaħarbu isemmu minnha dawn il-jiem. 291 00:12:54,550 --> 00:12:59,150 >> Minn ta 'kurżità, kif ħafna minnkom jkollhom iPhones? 292 00:12:59,150 --> 00:13:00,760 Kważi kulħadd. 293 00:13:00,760 --> 00:13:02,230 U għandek telefon Android? 294 00:13:02,230 --> 00:13:06,460 Hekk fortunatament, anke jekk dan huwa ftit preġudikata 295 00:13:06,460 --> 00:13:10,280 lejn iPhone speċifikament, il realtà hija s-sistema operattiva Android 296 00:13:10,280 --> 00:13:13,610 billi Google tant ta 'l-istess Karatteristiċi għal dak Apple qed tagħmel. 297 00:13:13,610 --> 00:13:16,290 >> Huma sempliċement jinzertaw fl-attenzjoni dritt issa, 298 00:13:16,290 --> 00:13:19,042 u dawn ġew ħadthom partikolarment fuq il-pijunieri meta 299 00:13:19,042 --> 00:13:21,000 niġu biex effettivament tiskir isfel dawn il-mezzi 300 00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:23,250 aktar u aktar ma kull iterazzjoni ta IOS, 301 00:13:23,250 --> 00:13:26,660 -sistema operattiva li attwalment timxi fuq mezzi Apple. 302 00:13:26,660 --> 00:13:29,370 Allura għaliex ma we tagħti tfittex hawn biss biex jistabbilixxu 303 00:13:29,370 --> 00:13:34,430 l-istadju li dak il-ħruġ attwali hu. 304 00:13:34,430 --> 00:13:37,310 Allura x'inhu għaddej ma 'Apple u l-FBI sal-limitu 305 00:13:37,310 --> 00:13:40,403 li int familjari mal-kwistjoni? 306 00:13:40,403 --> 00:13:43,970 >> UDJENZA: L-FBI jixtieq jikseb aċċess għal id-data, li huwa encrypted minn Apple. 307 00:13:43,970 --> 00:13:48,220 >> DAVID Malan: Eżattament, hekk l-FBI irid biex jiksbu aċċess għad-data li l-encrypted. 308 00:13:48,220 --> 00:13:49,220 Allura l-ewwel, pass lura. 309 00:13:49,220 --> 00:13:52,914 Xi jfisser għal data li tkun encrypted, biss bħala definizzjoni malajr? 310 00:13:52,914 --> 00:13:56,706 >> UDJENZA: B'xi siguri li nies mhux ser ikollhom aċċess faċli bħal 311 00:13:56,706 --> 00:13:59,831 lilha [inaudible]. 312 00:13:59,831 --> 00:14:00,580 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 313 00:14:00,580 --> 00:14:04,130 Eżattament Allura huwa b'xi mod ta 'joskura informazzjoni sabiex l-ebda wieħed inkella jista ', 314 00:14:04,130 --> 00:14:06,350 fit-teorija, aċċess dik l-informazzjoni. 315 00:14:06,350 --> 00:14:09,480 U għalhekk inti tista 'sempliċement każwali jaħsbu li bħala scrambling. 316 00:14:09,480 --> 00:14:12,549 Mela jekk huwa kelma Ingliża jew il-paragrafu bl-Ingliż, 317 00:14:12,549 --> 00:14:15,340 inti tista 'biss jumble-kliem up b'tali mod li xi ħadd jista 'tħares lejn din 318 00:14:15,340 --> 00:14:16,357 u jara nonsense. 319 00:14:16,357 --> 00:14:18,690 Iżda wieħed jittama, hemm mod biex rranġati mill-ġdid dawn l-ittri. 320 00:14:18,690 --> 00:14:20,230 >> Issa, fir-realtà, huwa aktar sigur minn dak 321 00:14:20,230 --> 00:14:22,021 għaliex xi ħadd li sempliċiment diliġenti seta 322 00:14:22,021 --> 00:14:23,930 unscramble-kliem bi probabbiltà għolja 323 00:14:23,930 --> 00:14:25,490 u ċifra barra dak ta 'sentenza tgħid. 324 00:14:25,490 --> 00:14:27,573 U fir-realtà, fl-aħħar tal-ġurnata, dan kollu 325 00:14:27,573 --> 00:14:29,749 qed jiġri fuq ħafna 0s level-- u 1s baxx. 326 00:14:29,749 --> 00:14:32,290 U għada filgħodu, aħna ser nitkellmu dwar il-ħsieb komputazzjoni 327 00:14:32,290 --> 00:14:35,580 u xi jfisser għal data lill jiġu implimentati jew rappreżentat 328 00:14:35,580 --> 00:14:37,109 mal biss 0s u 1s. 329 00:14:37,109 --> 00:14:38,900 Imma għal skopijiet tal-lum, ejja biss wieħed jassumi 330 00:14:38,900 --> 00:14:41,275 li inti għandek affarijiet simili emails, u ritratti, u videos, 331 00:14:41,275 --> 00:14:43,470 u kollha ta 'dak fuq iPhone jew mezz Android. 332 00:14:43,470 --> 00:14:46,840 U b'xi mod, li d-data huwa idealment scrambled. 333 00:14:46,840 --> 00:14:51,620 U hekk hemm suspett f'dan il- każ partikolari, San Bernardino, 334 00:14:51,620 --> 00:14:55,800 fejn ikollhom telefon tal-persuna ssuspettata, u huma jridu li tinkiseb data off ta 'dan. 335 00:14:55,800 --> 00:15:00,780 Iżda f'dan il-każ, Apple essenzjalment qal le għal xi affarijiet u iva 336 00:15:00,780 --> 00:15:01,550 għal affarijiet oħra. 337 00:15:01,550 --> 00:15:04,130 Allura dawn ħadthom qal iva għal ftit affarijiet b'mod konsistenti ma 'dak 338 00:15:04,130 --> 00:15:06,588 ħafna kumpaniji Amerikani li ser jagħmlu meta subpoenaed jew simili. 339 00:15:06,588 --> 00:15:10,290 Li ħadthom ipprovdut, per eżempju, il- awtoritajiet l-backup iCloud. 340 00:15:10,290 --> 00:15:12,940 Mela jekk jien familjari, iCloud huwa dan sħaba base-- 341 00:15:12,940 --> 00:15:17,260 u aħna ser terga 'lura għal sħaba computing-- dan il sħaba definiti nebulously 342 00:15:17,260 --> 00:15:19,270 servizz ibbażat fejn biss backs up tad-data tiegħek. 343 00:15:19,270 --> 00:15:22,620 U jirriżulta li inti tista ' aċċess għad-data hemmhekk unencrypted. 344 00:15:22,620 --> 00:15:25,350 Allura huwa unscrambled meta huwa attwalment qed jiġu appoġġjati hemmhekk. 345 00:15:25,350 --> 00:15:26,770 U hekk Apple mdawwar dik fuq. 346 00:15:26,770 --> 00:15:28,520 Iżda sfortunatament, il- suspett in kwistjoni 347 00:15:28,520 --> 00:15:32,050 jidher li b'diżabilità awtomatiku iCloud backup xi ġimgħat 348 00:15:32,050 --> 00:15:35,080 qabel ma l-FBI kisba dan il-iPhone partikolari. 349 00:15:35,080 --> 00:15:38,570 Allura hemm ftit ġimgħat ta 'potenzjal dejta li jgħix fuq it-telefon, 350 00:15:38,570 --> 00:15:39,920 iżda mhux fil iCloud. 351 00:15:39,920 --> 00:15:43,359 U għalhekk l-FBI trid fil-fatt tfittex fi x'hemm fuq dak tat-telefon partikolari. 352 00:15:43,359 --> 00:15:45,400 Sfortunatament, it-telefon, bħal ħafna ta 'tagħna hawn, 353 00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:47,050 hija protetta bil-passcode. 354 00:15:47,050 --> 00:15:50,640 U kemm huma dawn il passcodes typically-- kemm jekk fuq il-mobile tiegħek 355 00:15:50,640 --> 00:15:51,470 jew b'mod ġenerali? 356 00:15:51,470 --> 00:15:52,420 >> UDJENZA: Erba. 357 00:15:52,420 --> 00:15:52,666 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 358 00:15:52,666 --> 00:15:53,600 Allura ta 'spiss erba' numri. 359 00:15:53,600 --> 00:15:55,580 Huma ħadthom beda bil verżjonijiet ġodda ta 'IOS 360 00:15:55,580 --> 00:15:57,292 biex jagħmlu dawn passcodes ftit itwal. 361 00:15:57,292 --> 00:15:59,000 U ejja biss jitqiegħed dan in-perspettiva. 362 00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:02,010 Mela jekk huwa ta 'erba' numri passcode, li pjuttost tajba. 363 00:16:02,010 --> 00:16:03,760 Dak komparabbli ma ' dak li ħafna nies ikollhom 364 00:16:03,760 --> 00:16:06,510 fuq ATMs tagħhom jew karti ta 'debitu tagħhom. 365 00:16:06,510 --> 00:16:08,980 X'hemm-implikazzjoni għas-sigurtà? 366 00:16:08,980 --> 00:16:10,272 >> Ukoll, ejja tieħu pass lura. 367 00:16:10,272 --> 00:16:11,980 Jekk ikollok xi erba code-- ċifri u ejja 368 00:16:11,980 --> 00:16:14,230 Nibdew biex lilna nfusna anki qabel għada filgħodu. 369 00:16:14,230 --> 00:16:15,430 Aħseb computationally. 370 00:16:15,430 --> 00:16:17,060 Huwa kodiċi b'erba 'figuri. 371 00:16:17,060 --> 00:16:21,390 Kif would you, bħala bniedem barra l- triq, mhux neċessarjament technophile, 372 00:16:21,390 --> 00:16:26,240 jikkaratterizzaw kemm sigura ta ' iPhone huwa jekk huwa bl-użu ta 'erba' ċifri 373 00:16:26,240 --> 00:16:28,490 0s passcode-- permezz 9s. 374 00:16:28,490 --> 00:16:34,006 Kif tibda biex tikkwantifika is-sigurtà ta 'l-iPhone allura? 375 00:16:34,006 --> 00:16:34,630 UDJENZA: Ta 'ħames? 376 00:16:34,630 --> 00:16:35,379 DAVID Malan: ħames? 377 00:16:35,379 --> 00:16:37,112 U dak li jfisser minn ħamsa? 378 00:16:37,112 --> 00:16:43,041 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] din il technology-- huwa faċli biex taċċessaha jippruvaw minn 1001 379 00:16:43,041 --> 00:16:44,790 [Inaudible]. 380 00:16:44,790 --> 00:16:46,238 >> DAVID Malan: OK. 381 00:16:46,238 --> 00:16:49,112 >> UDJENZA: Ipprova 111, 000, [inaudible]. 382 00:16:49,112 --> 00:16:53,244 U jekk jien [inaudible]-kompjuter tiegħi hekk bosta drabi [inaudible]. 383 00:16:53,244 --> 00:16:54,160 DAVID Malan: Ah, tajba. 384 00:16:54,160 --> 00:16:58,830 Allura diġà, jekk konna definit il-problema Xenarju bħal dan l-apparat hija sigura 385 00:16:58,830 --> 00:17:02,260 minħabba li għandu erba ċifri passcode, attakk fuq dak tat-telefon 386 00:17:02,260 --> 00:17:04,980 sempliċiment tkun li jippruvaw numri kollha possibbli. 387 00:17:04,980 --> 00:17:07,210 Inti tista 'biss tibda 0 0 0 0. 388 00:17:07,210 --> 00:17:10,510 U frighteningly, li huwa l- passcode default fuq lott ta 'mezzi 389 00:17:10,510 --> 00:17:11,069 illum il-ġurnata. 390 00:17:11,069 --> 00:17:13,109 Fil-fatt, bħala twarrib, jekk għandek xi mezz 391 00:17:13,109 --> 00:17:15,579 li jappoġġja wireless teknoloġija msejħa Bluetooth, 392 00:17:15,579 --> 00:17:18,869 l passcode default ħafna drabi huwa 0 0 0 0. 393 00:17:18,869 --> 00:17:23,899 Jew forsi, jekk huwa aktar sikur apparat, 0 0 0 0 0-- addizzjonali 0. 394 00:17:23,899 --> 00:17:26,690 Allura meta fid-dubju, jekk ikollok bżonn li nikseb fis xi mezz, tibda hemmhekk. 395 00:17:26,690 --> 00:17:30,350 >> Iżda naturalment, jekk l-iPhone shakes jew whatnot, u jgħid, Nope, li mhux dan, 396 00:17:30,350 --> 00:17:34,030 liema numru jista inti tipprova wara 0 0 0 0? 397 00:17:34,030 --> 00:17:35,390 1 1 1 1. 398 00:17:35,390 --> 00:17:37,010 2 2 2 2. 399 00:17:37,010 --> 00:17:38,410 7 7 7 7-- thats tiegħek? 400 00:17:38,410 --> 00:17:39,800 KOLLOX SEW. 401 00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:42,970 Inti tista forza sempliċiment brutali, bħala xjenzat kompjuter 402 00:17:42,970 --> 00:17:44,750 says-- ipprova valuri kollha possibbli. 403 00:17:44,750 --> 00:17:46,740 >> Mela ejja steer lura lill -mistoqsija oriġinali. 404 00:17:46,740 --> 00:17:48,020 Kif sigura hija iPhone? 405 00:17:48,020 --> 00:17:52,115 Xi ħadd barra mill-triq jista 'jgħid ħafna siguri, jew ma tantx siguri, jew medja 406 00:17:52,115 --> 00:17:53,740 jiżguraw, iżda li tip ta 'bla sens. 407 00:17:53,740 --> 00:17:56,780 Ikun sbieħ jekk nistgħu xi ħaġa tattribwixxi aktar kwantitattiva, 408 00:17:56,780 --> 00:17:57,620 anki jekk in-numri tagħha. 409 00:17:57,620 --> 00:18:02,184 M'għandniex bżonn matematika fancy, iżda biss ftit Stima numeriku jew kwalifika 410 00:18:02,184 --> 00:18:02,850 tal-garanzija. 411 00:18:02,850 --> 00:18:04,940 >> Mela jekk inti ħadthom ltqajna erba passcode ċifri, nistgħu 412 00:18:04,940 --> 00:18:08,440 jibdew tattribwixxi xi tip ta 'klassifikazzjoni tal numerika lilu? 413 00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:09,630 Kif sigura huwa? 414 00:18:09,630 --> 00:18:10,714 >> UDJENZA: 1 minn 10,000. 415 00:18:10,714 --> 00:18:11,463 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 416 00:18:11,463 --> 00:18:12,480 Allura 1 minn 10,000. 417 00:18:12,480 --> 00:18:15,608 Fejn tista 'tikseb l-10000 minn? 418 00:18:15,608 --> 00:18:18,036 >> UDJENZA: possibbiltajiet kollha [inaudible]. 419 00:18:18,036 --> 00:18:19,160 DAVID Malan: Yeah, eżattament. 420 00:18:19,160 --> 00:18:24,260 Jekk inti ħadthom ltqajna kodiċi ta '4 ċifri, inti tista għandhom 0 0 0 0, jew inti jista 'jkollhom 9 9 9 9, 421 00:18:24,260 --> 00:18:24,760 maximally. 422 00:18:24,760 --> 00:18:27,370 U hekk dan huwa 10,000 possibbiltajiet. 423 00:18:27,370 --> 00:18:28,875 Allura li jidher pjuttost kbir. 424 00:18:28,875 --> 00:18:31,000 U hija ser tikkunsidra bniedem pjuttost xi żmien 425 00:18:31,000 --> 00:18:32,370 li tipprova kollha ta 'dawk il-kodiċijiet. 426 00:18:32,370 --> 00:18:34,920 >> U hekk suppose, jien, matul l-ikla swiped wieħed mill-iPhones tiegħek 427 00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:36,370 u inti għandek kodiċi b'erba 'figuri. 428 00:18:36,370 --> 00:18:39,317 Jekk I kellhom żmien biżżejjed, forsi I jistgħu tip fl 0 0 0 0. 429 00:18:39,317 --> 00:18:40,650 U allura shakes u jgħid, ebda. 430 00:18:40,650 --> 00:18:45,790 0 0 0 1, 0 0 0 2, 0 0 3, u forsi I tista 'tagħmel 1 kull sekonda. 431 00:18:45,790 --> 00:18:47,640 Allura dak 10,000 sekondi. 432 00:18:47,640 --> 00:18:50,470 Allura kemm żmien ser jieħu me fl-aħħar biex effettivament tikseb 433 00:18:50,470 --> 00:18:56,070 li decrypting jew hacking fis iPhone xi ħadd, minħabba dawn in-numri? 434 00:18:56,070 --> 00:18:57,960 U aħna ser tilgħab ma 'ftit forsi hawn. 435 00:18:57,960 --> 00:19:00,770 >> Let me imorru quddiem u iġbed up overkill ta 'kalkolatur. 436 00:19:00,770 --> 00:19:05,530 Mela jekk huwa 10,000 sekondi, hemm huma 60 sekonda fil-minuta, 437 00:19:05,530 --> 00:19:07,240 u hemm 60 minuta siegħa. 438 00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:08,870 Allura huwa simili 2.7 sigħat. 439 00:19:08,870 --> 00:19:12,690 So I jkollhom jitilfu l-wara nofsinhar sessjonijiet, jekk bdejt matul l-ikla. 440 00:19:12,690 --> 00:19:16,280 Iżda hija kienet ser tieħu biss lili 2.7 sigħat biex jippruvaw jkollna fis iPhone tiegħek. 441 00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:18,470 >> Issa, inti tista 'tkun familjari mal-mekkaniżmi 442 00:19:18,470 --> 00:19:22,470 li Apple u dalwaqt probabbilment oħrajn kumpaniji jużaw biex jiddefendu kontra dan. 443 00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:25,267 Dan ma jidhirx jew jħossuhom sikuri ferm aktar. 444 00:19:25,267 --> 00:19:27,850 U aħna ser terga 'lura fi ftit ftit biex tagħmel introduzzjoni wieħed aktar, 445 00:19:27,850 --> 00:19:31,330 sakemm aħna jħossu barra. 446 00:19:31,330 --> 00:19:34,120 X'nistgħu nagħmlu biex jagħmlu dan aktar sigura? 447 00:19:34,120 --> 00:19:35,510 10000 iħoss simili ħafna. 448 00:19:35,510 --> 00:19:39,484 Iżda 2.7 sigħat ma verament tħoss bħal dik twila. 449 00:19:39,484 --> 00:19:42,650 UDJENZA: Ma nikseb msakkra wara tliet tentattivi jew xi ħaġa bħal dik? 450 00:19:42,650 --> 00:19:44,090 DAVID Malan: Ah, forsi ma. 451 00:19:44,090 --> 00:19:45,840 Fil-fatt, wieħed jittama mhux tlieta, minħabba li, anki 452 00:19:45,840 --> 00:19:48,179 I goof fuq passcode tiegħi tlieta jew aktar drabi. 453 00:19:48,179 --> 00:19:49,720 Allura hemm tipikament xi limitu. 454 00:19:49,720 --> 00:19:52,320 U jiena nemmen fil-każ IOS, il in-nuqqas huwa attwalment 10. 455 00:19:52,320 --> 00:19:53,538 iżda similarly-- 456 00:19:53,538 --> 00:19:55,130 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 457 00:19:55,130 --> 00:19:56,630 DAVID Malan: --similarly raġonevoli. 458 00:19:56,630 --> 00:19:59,614 Allura dak li ma dan mean-- hekk dak li jiġri wara 10 jipprova 459 00:19:59,614 --> 00:20:00,780 jew kwalunkwe numru ta 'tentattivi? 460 00:20:00,780 --> 00:20:01,660 >> UDJENZA: Hija gets msakkra. 461 00:20:01,660 --> 00:20:01,990 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 462 00:20:01,990 --> 00:20:03,890 Allura l-telefon forsi serraturi innifsu isfel. 463 00:20:03,890 --> 00:20:05,040 >> UDJENZA: dewmien Ħin. 464 00:20:05,040 --> 00:20:05,480 >> DAVID Malan: dewmien Ħin. 465 00:20:05,480 --> 00:20:06,600 Would taħseb jfisser minn dewmien fil-ħin? 466 00:20:06,600 --> 00:20:09,600 >> UDJENZA: Hija ser jissakkar l-telefon għal ħames minuti, u wara ħames minuti, 467 00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:10,580 inti tista 'tipprova mill-ġdid. 468 00:20:10,580 --> 00:20:10,850 >> DAVID Malan: Kull dritt. 469 00:20:10,850 --> 00:20:13,630 Iżda dan ma jħossu simili huwa tissolva l-problema, id-dritt? 470 00:20:13,630 --> 00:20:16,493 Ma tistax I biss jiġu lura 5 minuti wara u tkompli hacking fuq dan? 471 00:20:16,493 --> 00:20:17,460 >> UDJENZA: Iva. 472 00:20:17,460 --> 00:20:18,154 >> DAVID Malan: OK. 473 00:20:18,154 --> 00:20:20,542 >> UDJENZA: Iżda wara li inti tipprova għal darb'oħra, din tmur sa 10 minuti. 474 00:20:20,542 --> 00:20:21,208 DAVID Malan: Ah. 475 00:20:21,208 --> 00:20:22,660 UDJENZA: --keeps espansjoni. 476 00:20:22,660 --> 00:20:24,325 żidiet Allura l-ħaġa but--: UDJENZA 477 00:20:24,325 --> 00:20:25,450 DAVID Malan: Yeah, eżattament. 478 00:20:25,450 --> 00:20:28,140 Mela ejja nassumu li huwa mhux wieħed kull sekonda, 479 00:20:28,140 --> 00:20:33,260 iżda tieħu me għal 10,000 kodiċijiet, minflok drabi 1 sekonda għal kull wieħed, 480 00:20:33,260 --> 00:20:35,740 huwa attwalment lanqas 60 sekonda. 481 00:20:35,740 --> 00:20:37,070 Huwa ħames minuti. 482 00:20:37,070 --> 00:20:40,950 Allura issa, dan huwa l-number-- totali dan huwa l-ammont totali ta 'żmien 483 00:20:40,950 --> 00:20:43,810 I bżonn biex Hack fi telefon. 484 00:20:43,810 --> 00:20:46,870 U għal darb'oħra, hemm 60 sekonda fi minuta, u 60 minuta siegħa. 485 00:20:46,870 --> 00:20:50,850 >> Allura issa, aħna qed sa 833 siegħa. 486 00:20:50,850 --> 00:20:54,787 U jekk irridu naraw din il preċiż, issa aħna qed jitkellem dwar 34-il jum. 487 00:20:54,787 --> 00:20:56,870 Allura li għaddej biex jieħdu avversarju, mingħajr irqad, 488 00:20:56,870 --> 00:21:01,250 34 jiem issa biex Hack fis iPhone tiegħek, jekk ikun hemm dan id-dewmien ta 'ħames minuti. 489 00:21:01,250 --> 00:21:03,340 Imma mhux anki sempliċement ħames minuti. 490 00:21:03,340 --> 00:21:05,560 Kif Kareem qal, liema jiġri wara l next-- 491 00:21:05,560 --> 00:21:06,210 >> UDJENZA: Wara li tkun ħadthom tried-- 492 00:21:06,210 --> 00:21:06,400 >> DAVID Malan: --misattempt? 493 00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:09,108 >> UDJENZA: --five darbiet aktar, allura tagħtik dewmien 10-il minuta. 494 00:21:09,108 --> 00:21:10,450 DAVID Malan: Dewmien 10 minuta. 495 00:21:10,450 --> 00:21:13,200 U jien ċert dak li huwa wara li, iżda forsi huwa 20 minuta. 496 00:21:13,200 --> 00:21:14,230 Forsi huwa 40 minuta. 497 00:21:14,230 --> 00:21:17,105 U jekk huwa, li fil-fatt xi Eżempju ta 'teknika pjuttost komuni 498 00:21:17,105 --> 00:21:19,900 fil-kompjuters magħrufa bħala backoff esponenzjali, fejn 499 00:21:19,900 --> 00:21:22,980 dan il exponentiation normalment ifisser inti doppju xi ħaġa mill-ġdid u għal darb'oħra. 500 00:21:22,980 --> 00:21:25,510 >> Allura li jibda jkunu mhux tant importanti. 501 00:21:25,510 --> 00:21:29,570 Imma ladarba tibda irduppjar minn 2-4 sa 8 lill 16-32 biex 64, 502 00:21:29,570 --> 00:21:31,650 -lakuni verament bidu biex jitwessa. 503 00:21:31,650 --> 00:21:35,780 U għalhekk jista 'jieħu xahar, jew sena, jew il-ħajja 504 00:21:35,780 --> 00:21:37,800 li fil-fatt tikseb fis dak l-apparat. 505 00:21:37,800 --> 00:21:39,300 Issa, hemm mekkaniżmi oħra li għadhom. 506 00:21:39,300 --> 00:21:41,350 Ħin hija ħaġa tajba minħabba li, b'mod ġenerali, dan 507 00:21:41,350 --> 00:21:42,940 hija teknika ta 'sigurtà komuni. 508 00:21:42,940 --> 00:21:46,650 Inti ma tistax neċessarjament tieqaf il-ħżiena guys, imma int tista 'bil-mod them down. 509 00:21:46,650 --> 00:21:50,480 U għaliex hemm finiti riżorsi fil-ħajja, bħall-għajxien, 510 00:21:50,480 --> 00:21:53,750 inti tista 'eventwalment timbotta l-theddida s'issa 511 00:21:53,750 --> 00:21:57,510 li, anki jekk, żgur, l-avversarju tista 'tikseb verament xortik tajba u jippruvaw 7 7 7 7 512 00:21:57,510 --> 00:22:01,080 fuq il-mobile tiegħek u tikseb l-risposta dritt, il-probabbiltà ta 'dik 513 00:22:01,080 --> 00:22:02,890 är oerhört baxx. 514 00:22:02,890 --> 00:22:06,800 U għalhekk, ġeneralment sigurtà hija funzjoni, mhux ta 'protezzjoni assoluta, 515 00:22:06,800 --> 00:22:08,390 iżda ta 'protezzjoni probabilistic. 516 00:22:08,390 --> 00:22:13,940 Int biss pretty żgur li int sikur minn xi tip ta 'attakk. 517 00:22:13,940 --> 00:22:16,360 >> Iżda dan jista 'ma jkunx verament tajba biżżejjed. 518 00:22:16,360 --> 00:22:17,780 Allura dak li jista inti tagħmel? 519 00:22:17,780 --> 00:22:21,010 U dak li aktar ma Apple tagħmel, jekk in-nies ppermettew dan, 520 00:22:21,010 --> 00:22:24,700 jekk avversarju jew tipprova Guy ħżiena biex tikseb f'aktar minn 10 darbiet, 521 00:22:24,700 --> 00:22:26,070 minbarra ddaħħal dewmien. 522 00:22:26,070 --> 00:22:28,300 Dak li jkun aktar b'saħħtu miżura ta 'difiża li 523 00:22:28,300 --> 00:22:30,185 jista 'jagħmel torqod aħjar bil-lejl? 524 00:22:30,185 --> 00:22:31,430 >> UDJENZA: Tneħħija tad-data. 525 00:22:31,430 --> 00:22:32,250 >> DAVID Malan: iħassar l-informazzjoni. 526 00:22:32,250 --> 00:22:32,750 Yeah. 527 00:22:32,750 --> 00:22:34,750 Allura fil-fatt, li l- teknika komuni ħafna 528 00:22:34,750 --> 00:22:36,860 fejn, simili ħafna l- films antiki, dan il-messaġġ 529 00:22:36,860 --> 00:22:39,360 se awto-destruct fil-10 sekondi. 530 00:22:39,360 --> 00:22:42,050 komuni ħafna, se apparat, iPhones fosthom, 531 00:22:42,050 --> 00:22:47,500 biss imsaħ lilhom infushom, iħassru infushom wara 10 tentattivi mhux korretta. 532 00:22:47,500 --> 00:22:49,140 Allura dan huwa ħaġa tajba jew ħaġa ħażina? 533 00:22:49,140 --> 00:22:52,870 Issa, ejja tpoġġi fuq aktar ta ' hat-maniġer prodott. 534 00:22:52,870 --> 00:22:55,860 X'hemm tajba dwar dan? 535 00:22:55,860 --> 00:22:58,540 Għaliex hija din il-karatteristika pożittiva? 536 00:22:58,540 --> 00:22:59,950 >> [INTERPOSING Voices] 537 00:22:59,950 --> 00:23:01,350 >> Ebda aċċess għall-informazzjoni tiegħek. 538 00:23:01,350 --> 00:23:04,710 Allura issa, mhux biss usted naqas l-avversarju isfel, 539 00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:07,320 jekk inti ma jkollhom dawk dewmien fiż-żmien artifiċjali, 540 00:23:07,320 --> 00:23:10,480 imma inti stajt żgurat ukoll li jekk Hu jew hi viti up 10 darbiet, 541 00:23:10,480 --> 00:23:12,730 issa l-tieqa ta ' opportunità hija biss marret. 542 00:23:12,730 --> 00:23:14,090 Huma kellna biss 10 tentattivi. 543 00:23:14,090 --> 00:23:18,050 U l-probabbiltà ta 'jkollna l- twieġeb barra korretta tal 10 tentattivi 544 00:23:18,050 --> 00:23:21,690 meta jkun hemm 10,000 possibilitajiet huwa 1 minn kull 1,000. 545 00:23:21,690 --> 00:23:24,384 Allura 10 diviż bl 10,000-- 1 aktar minn 1,000. 546 00:23:24,384 --> 00:23:25,800 Iżda anke dak li mhux kollha li tajba. 547 00:23:25,800 --> 00:23:28,520 Allura aħna ser terga 'lura għal tagħmel me tħossok aħjar dwar dak probabbiltà 548 00:23:28,520 --> 00:23:30,186 għax fil-fatt iħoss kemmxejn għoli. 549 00:23:30,186 --> 00:23:31,640 Huwa 1/10 ta 'mija. 550 00:23:31,640 --> 00:23:34,734 X'hemm ħażin dwar din il-karatteristika għalkemm? 551 00:23:34,734 --> 00:23:36,700 >> UDJENZA: Huwa ħażin because-- 552 00:23:36,700 --> 00:23:37,450 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 553 00:23:37,450 --> 00:23:38,591 X'tifhem fl-idejn tiegħi? 554 00:23:38,591 --> 00:23:40,591 >> UDJENZA: Jekk inti ma titilfu, u int biss 555 00:23:40,591 --> 00:23:41,850 tipprova tikseb fis-telefon tiegħek. 556 00:23:41,850 --> 00:23:42,600 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 557 00:23:42,600 --> 00:23:45,600 Allura dak li jekk ma kien hemm ebda kompromess, tiegħek biss tip ta 'distracted, 558 00:23:45,600 --> 00:23:47,440 int idjota, inti tinsa l-password tiegħek. 559 00:23:47,440 --> 00:23:50,087 U dan mhuwiex dak irraġonevoli, speċjalment 560 00:23:50,087 --> 00:23:51,920 jekk inti ma log in to telefon tiegħek li spiss 561 00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:55,220 jew int distracted waqt li nagħmilx hekk, forsi inti stess 562 00:23:55,220 --> 00:23:57,870 mistype kodiċi tiegħek 11-il darba. 563 00:23:57,870 --> 00:24:01,110 U issa, Dammit, inti ħadthom biss jintmesħu tagħmir tiegħek stess. 564 00:24:01,110 --> 00:24:03,950 Allura dan ukoll huwa tip ta 'tema fil-kompjuters u kompjuter 565 00:24:03,950 --> 00:24:04,990 xjenza tal-kompromessi. 566 00:24:04,990 --> 00:24:07,380 Hemm verament rari risposta dritt. 567 00:24:07,380 --> 00:24:10,947 Hemm sempliċiment aktar preferibbli jew risposta inqas għalja. 568 00:24:10,947 --> 00:24:12,530 U f'dan il-każ, hemm kompromess. 569 00:24:12,530 --> 00:24:14,390 Waħda, id-data tagħna hija ftit aktar siguri, jekk ikun 570 00:24:14,390 --> 00:24:16,100 gets fis-idejn ta 'xi avversarju. 571 00:24:16,100 --> 00:24:18,890 Imma nista 'rimja myself fil- sieq mill timsaħ, aċċidentalment, 572 00:24:18,890 --> 00:24:22,940 data tiegħi stess jekk jien ma attwalment tikseb dan id-dritt passcode fi ħdan l-ewwel 10 573 00:24:22,940 --> 00:24:23,699 ħinijiet. 574 00:24:23,699 --> 00:24:24,490 Allura x'inhu l-buttuna? 575 00:24:24,490 --> 00:24:25,810 Kif nistgħu jiffissaw dan? 576 00:24:25,810 --> 00:24:28,500 Do we tarmi l-karatteristika l kollox, jekk aħna qed Apple, u jgħidu, 577 00:24:28,500 --> 00:24:32,520 dan il iħoss ħażin għaliex aħna qed tmur biex have-- jekk ikollna klijent wieħed irate, 578 00:24:32,520 --> 00:24:34,649 din mhix sitwazzjoni irridu li jistiednu. 579 00:24:34,649 --> 00:24:37,190 UDJENZA: Aħna encrypted u mbagħad aħna rkuprati l-kodiċi b'xi 580 00:24:37,190 --> 00:24:41,435 minn Apple jew kwalunkwe [inaudible]. 581 00:24:41,435 --> 00:24:42,726 DAVID Malan: Tista 'telabora? 582 00:24:42,726 --> 00:24:43,601 UDJENZA: [inaudible] 583 00:24:43,601 --> 00:24:46,564 584 00:24:46,564 --> 00:24:47,230 DAVID Malan: OK. 585 00:24:47,230 --> 00:24:52,190 Allura forsi aħna ma tagħmel dan ħaġa timsaħ, li tħoss ftit wisq drammatika. 586 00:24:52,190 --> 00:24:54,620 Għaliex ma aħna biss iżommu id-data encrypted? 587 00:24:54,620 --> 00:24:58,120 Ukoll, hekk f'dan il-każ, Apple diġà ma jżomm id-data encrypted. 588 00:24:58,120 --> 00:25:00,920 U x'hemm żamma tal-avversarju milli jara d-data encrypted tiegħek 589 00:25:00,920 --> 00:25:02,990 sfortunatament dan passcode. 590 00:25:02,990 --> 00:25:06,445 >> Allura l-passcode effettivament unlocks id-dejta b'mod li filwaqt li huwa scrambled, 591 00:25:06,445 --> 00:25:09,570 jekk int biss li jkollu l-telefon, kif Hekk kif inti log fil ma 'dak passcode, 592 00:25:09,570 --> 00:25:11,650 huwa unscrambled u l-utent jista 'jara dan. 593 00:25:11,650 --> 00:25:13,450 Għalhekk huwa diġà encrypted. 594 00:25:13,450 --> 00:25:17,330 Iżda jekk irridu li jevitaw timsaħ id-data, iżda aħna b'xi mod 595 00:25:17,330 --> 00:25:20,290 jridu li jkollhom risposta tajba fuq il-linja appoġġ klijent 596 00:25:20,290 --> 00:25:25,390 jekk il assenti moħħom jew utent forgetful għandu aċċidentalment 597 00:25:25,390 --> 00:25:28,390 jintmesħu telefon tiegħu jew tagħha minħabba li mistyped il-password 11-il darba, liema 598 00:25:28,390 --> 00:25:30,050 Soluzzjoni nistgħu noffru? 599 00:25:30,050 --> 00:25:33,950 Kif inkella tista nistgħu issolvi din il-problema issa? 600 00:25:33,950 --> 00:25:34,450 Yeah. 601 00:25:34,450 --> 00:25:36,074 >> UDJENZA: Customer servizz [inaudible]. 602 00:25:36,074 --> 00:25:43,244 603 00:25:43,244 --> 00:25:43,910 DAVID Malan: OK. 604 00:25:43,910 --> 00:25:45,680 Allura li tajjeb. 605 00:25:45,680 --> 00:25:49,360 Allura forsi mingħajr l-użu jirrikorru għall timsaħ, 606 00:25:49,360 --> 00:25:52,850 jista 'jkollna xi barra mill-medda mekkaniżmu sabiex isolvi din il-problema. 607 00:25:52,850 --> 00:25:55,600 U billi barra mill-medda, I jfissirx li inti ma jinteraġixxu biss mal-telefon, 608 00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:59,960 forsi inti grab telefon xi ħadd ieħor jew email u tkellem lill servizz tal-klijent. 609 00:25:59,960 --> 00:26:02,410 U forsi dawn jistaqsu l kwistjonijiet tas-soltu ta ', sew, 610 00:26:02,410 --> 00:26:04,290 x'hemm isem tiegħek, x'hemm birthdate tiegħek, liema 611 00:26:04,290 --> 00:26:09,870 huma l-aħħar erba 'numri tan tiegħek soċjali numru tas-sigurtà jew ID pajjiż. 612 00:26:09,870 --> 00:26:11,320 >> U x'hemm tajjeb dwar dan? 613 00:26:11,320 --> 00:26:13,430 Ukoll, naturalment, ma probabbiltà kbira, huwa 614 00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:15,920 ihallik u biss inti fis telefon tiegħek għax forsi huma 615 00:26:15,920 --> 00:26:17,099 tibgħat passcode temporanju. 616 00:26:17,099 --> 00:26:19,390 U dan ma jeżistix fil każ Apple, iżda forsi huma 617 00:26:19,390 --> 00:26:20,820 do inti tibgħat passcode temporanju. 618 00:26:20,820 --> 00:26:23,040 Ikollok, u int lura fuq triq tiegħek. 619 00:26:23,040 --> 00:26:25,245 Imma x'inhu l-isfel ta 'din is-soluzzjoni? 620 00:26:25,245 --> 00:26:27,065 >> UDJENZA: Jekk xi ħadd steals identità tiegħek, 621 00:26:27,065 --> 00:26:29,050 dawn jista 'jkollhom aċċess għal din l-informazzjoni. 622 00:26:29,050 --> 00:26:29,800 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 623 00:26:29,800 --> 00:26:32,110 Jekk xi ħadd steals tiegħek identity-- u franchement, 624 00:26:32,110 --> 00:26:34,550 huwa mhux kollha li iebes, speċjalment meta kumpaniji tant 625 00:26:34,550 --> 00:26:35,859 jistaqsu l-istess domandi. 626 00:26:35,859 --> 00:26:37,650 X'hemm isem tiegħek, x'hemm -indirizz tiegħek, liema 627 00:26:37,650 --> 00:26:40,191 huma l-aħħar erba 'numri tan tiegħek numru tas-sigurtà soċjali, dak 628 00:26:40,191 --> 00:26:43,680 Kien pet favoriti tiegħek, liema Kien ġenitur favoriti tiegħek 629 00:26:43,680 --> 00:26:45,281 jew ikun x'ikun il-mistoqsijiet jistgħu jkunu. 630 00:26:45,281 --> 00:26:48,280 U fil-fatt, bħala twarrib, stajt ndunat, wara li ftit l-oħra jum mimlija 631 00:26:48,280 --> 00:26:52,170 mistoqsijiet out bħal dawn, il- mistoqsijiet fi sforz raġonevoli 632 00:26:52,170 --> 00:26:57,204 biex issir ftit inqas magħrufa qed isiru dejjem aktar personali. 633 00:26:57,204 --> 00:27:00,370 U hekk kif tibda tagħti din tidbit ta 'informazzjoni li tista' tabilħaqq 634 00:27:00,370 --> 00:27:03,392 tkun sigrieta għal din il-kumpanija, u biex din il-kumpanija, u lil din il-kumpanija, 635 00:27:03,392 --> 00:27:06,600 u biex din il-kumpanija, huwa mhux ser jkun twil qabel xi aggregati kumpanija 636 00:27:06,600 --> 00:27:07,900 dan it-tip ta 'informazzjoni. 637 00:27:07,900 --> 00:27:09,860 U għalhekk inti ħadthom qallek sigrieti sempliċi ftit, 638 00:27:09,860 --> 00:27:13,330 bħal aqwa ħabib tiegħek jikbru, sabiex kollha ta 'dawn il-kumpaniji individwali. 639 00:27:13,330 --> 00:27:16,900 U dalwaqt biżżejjed, inti għandek attakk magħrufa bħala soċjali inġinerija, fejn 640 00:27:16,900 --> 00:27:20,237 xi ħadd eżatt masquerades bħala inti fuq -telefon jew spoofs-indirizz email tiegħek 641 00:27:20,237 --> 00:27:21,570 u b'xi mod gets fil-telefon. 642 00:27:21,570 --> 00:27:22,790 >> Hekk jien mhux Predisposizzjoni dak. 643 00:27:22,790 --> 00:27:26,240 Huwa soluzzjoni possibbli, iżda ejja nassumu jien ma Predisposizzjoni dak. 644 00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:29,730 Ejja ħa mmorru lura għall-kwistjoni fil idejn fejn telefown huwa encrypted 645 00:27:29,730 --> 00:27:34,440 u konna mhux ppermettiet xi tip ta 'mekkaniżmu li awto-destruct. 646 00:27:34,440 --> 00:27:39,900 Imma jien do-- pjuttost, I ippermettew xi mekkaniżmu awto-destruct, 647 00:27:39,900 --> 00:27:42,510 imma jien xorta jridu appease klijent li 648 00:27:42,510 --> 00:27:44,970 aċċidentalment msielaħ telefon tiegħu jew tagħha. 649 00:27:44,970 --> 00:27:46,920 Kif inkella nistgħu issolvi din il-problema? 650 00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:48,160 >> UDJENZA: Agħmel backup. 651 00:27:48,160 --> 00:27:48,920 >> DAVID Malan: Agħmel backup. 652 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:50,990 U fil-fatt, dan huwa kif Apple jiġri biex jagħmlu dan. 653 00:27:50,990 --> 00:27:53,964 Wieħed mill-motivazzjonijiet ta 'iCloud huwa eżattament this-- mhux biss konvenjenza 654 00:27:53,964 --> 00:27:56,380 u ta 'mistrieħ assigurat li l ta 'ritratti tiegħek u kollox 655 00:27:56,380 --> 00:27:59,710 huma sostnuti, iżda f'dan il-case-- għaliex jekk l-apparat individwali tiegħek, 656 00:27:59,710 --> 00:28:04,610 jekk huwa iPod, iPhone jew, jew iPad tkun mitlufa, jew misruqa, jew aċċidentalment 657 00:28:04,610 --> 00:28:07,820 jew deliberatament jintmesħu, għall-inqas kollha tad-data tiegħek hija x'imkien ieħor. 658 00:28:07,820 --> 00:28:10,130 U inti tista 'biss tmur tixtri jew tissellef iPhone ieħor. 659 00:28:10,130 --> 00:28:13,180 Inti tista 'terġa mill backup, biex ngħidu hekk, mill iCloud, 660 00:28:13,180 --> 00:28:14,640 u int back-up u titħaddem. 661 00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:16,260 >> Issa, hemm kompromess hemmhekk. 662 00:28:16,260 --> 00:28:19,660 Potenzjalment, Apple issa għandha aċċess għall kollha tal-istess data. 663 00:28:19,660 --> 00:28:21,320 U nistgħu terga 'lura għal dak xi żmien. 664 00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:24,780 Imma l-anqas issa, konna solvuti il-problema b'mod differenti. 665 00:28:24,780 --> 00:28:27,880 >> U jekk inti Ħares din il linja istorja f'moħħu fl-għajnejn tiegħek, 666 00:28:27,880 --> 00:28:30,900 inti tista 'forsi tara li kull iż-żmien aħna issolvi problem-- 667 00:28:30,900 --> 00:28:36,130 tip ta 'tkopri sa xi telf fil-pajp, xi problema oħra molol up x'imkien ieħor. 668 00:28:36,130 --> 00:28:38,530 Aħna verament ftit timbotta il-problema x'imkien ieħor. 669 00:28:38,530 --> 00:28:41,150 U fil-każ ta 'l- avversarju bil-dewmien ta 'żmien, 670 00:28:41,150 --> 00:28:43,880 verament dak li aħna qed tagħmel huwa aħna mhux qed iżżomm avversarju barra, 671 00:28:43,880 --> 00:28:47,190 aħna qed biss jgħollu l-bar fuq li hu jew hi għandu tiżdied sabiex 672 00:28:47,190 --> 00:28:49,310 li fil-fatt tikseb aċċess għal data tagħna. 673 00:28:49,310 --> 00:28:53,160 >> Allura kwalunkwe ħin, minn issa, inti tmur lil websajt, jew inti taqra xi karta bajda, 674 00:28:53,160 --> 00:28:58,780 jew xi CTO jew CSO jgħidlek, oh, tagħna sistemi huma secure-- dan l baloney. 675 00:28:58,780 --> 00:29:02,480 M'hemm xejn li jkun maħsub b ' "sistemi tagħna huma siguri" 676 00:29:02,480 --> 00:29:06,150 minbarra nieħdu industrija Miżuri probabilistic standard 677 00:29:06,150 --> 00:29:10,810 biex iżommu nies 'il bogħod milli tiegħek servers jew bogħod mid-data tiegħek. 678 00:29:10,810 --> 00:29:14,480 >> Issa, is-sitwazzjoni Apple tip gotten ta interessanti 679 00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:16,650 minħabba li ħadthom ġew talab li jagħmel xi ħaġa 680 00:29:16,650 --> 00:29:20,730 li mhux daqshekk sempliċi kemm aqleb data l-avversarju s. 681 00:29:20,730 --> 00:29:22,450 Li ħadthom diġà għamlu dan minn iCloud. 682 00:29:22,450 --> 00:29:25,320 Imma issa, l-FBI irid li jsibu rwieħhom dan phone. 683 00:29:25,320 --> 00:29:29,650 U l-twemmin li hija fil-fatt jkunu dan il-mekkaniżmu awto-destruct built 684 00:29:29,650 --> 00:29:33,030 fil wara 10 attempts-- u jien jemmnu dan għaliex huma 685 00:29:33,030 --> 00:29:36,680 ħares lejn il-backups u realizzati din il-karatteristika tidher li ppermettiet, 686 00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:38,700 u nassumi li ma jridu bilfors 687 00:29:38,700 --> 00:29:41,720 ipprova u skart wieħed minn ta '10 tentattivi tagħhom 688 00:29:41,720 --> 00:29:44,170 li tikkonferma jew li tiċħad din il-karatteristika. 689 00:29:44,170 --> 00:29:49,510 >> U huma wkoll, unfortunately-- u dan huwa tip ta 'l-ironija ta' dan 690 00:29:49,510 --> 00:29:54,380 kollha, il-kontea fejn dan sħabi maħduma fil-fatt 691 00:29:54,380 --> 00:29:58,430 proprjetà u kienet tħallas għall speċjali software-- ġestjoni apparat software-- 692 00:29:58,430 --> 00:30:01,550 li kieku ġie installat fuq phones-- impjegati tagħhom " 693 00:30:01,550 --> 00:30:04,820 hekk it-telefon in kwistjoni huwa effettivament proprjetà statali jew proprjetà kontea li 694 00:30:04,820 --> 00:30:06,240 kienet qed tintuża minn impjegat. 695 00:30:06,240 --> 00:30:10,580 Kieku installati minn qabel dan is-software ta 'ġestjoni mezz, 696 00:30:10,580 --> 00:30:13,660 dawn jistgħu jkollhom ma ' ikklikkja sempliċi fuq PC jew Mac 697 00:30:13,660 --> 00:30:15,865 jinfetaħ dan phone trivially. 698 00:30:15,865 --> 00:30:18,740 Iżda sfortunatament, huma ma kellhomx li s-softwer fil-fatt installat. 699 00:30:18,740 --> 00:30:21,510 >> Allura hemm modi għad oħra biex tindirizza dan it-tip ta 'ħruġ. 700 00:30:21,510 --> 00:30:24,590 Ma kellhiex tkun iswed kaxxa fil-but impjegat tiegħek. 701 00:30:24,590 --> 00:30:25,460 Iżda dawn ma kinux. 702 00:30:25,460 --> 00:30:27,210 U hekk issa aħna qed staġnati mas-sitwazzjoni 703 00:30:27,210 --> 00:30:31,290 ma iPhone encrypted li se litteralment self-- se figurattivament 704 00:30:31,290 --> 00:30:34,340 awto-destruct wara 10 tentattivi mhux korretti. 705 00:30:34,340 --> 00:30:37,240 U l-FBI jixtieq jikseb data off ta 'dak telefon. 706 00:30:37,240 --> 00:30:42,627 >> Mela ejja tagħti ħarsa lejn dak Tim Cook ħabbret għad-dinja 707 00:30:42,627 --> 00:30:43,710 u ħadu din stand kuraġġużi. 708 00:30:43,710 --> 00:30:46,080 Jekk inti ħadthom ma taqra dan, let me go quddiem u tagħmel dan. 709 00:30:46,080 --> 00:30:51,690 Jekk inti tixtieq jew fuq tiegħek kompjuter li jmorru lil dan inti URL hawn, 710 00:30:51,690 --> 00:30:55,750 jew I jistgħu grab għalik xi kopji tal-karta. 711 00:30:55,750 --> 00:30:59,090 Għaliex ma we ħu żewġ minuti, jekk inti, 712 00:30:59,090 --> 00:31:04,800 u aqra l-ittra attwali li Tim Cook kitbet lill-klijenti Apple. 713 00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:08,062 U aħna ser tara jekk aħna ma tistax imbagħad tease apparti dak li effettivament tfisser. 714 00:31:08,062 --> 00:31:09,770 U hekk stajt circled ftit affarijiet f'dan. 715 00:31:09,770 --> 00:31:12,750 Imma ejja ara jekk ma nkunux nistgħu jiddistillaw dak li fil-fatt jkun intqal hawn 716 00:31:12,750 --> 00:31:15,660 u fejn il-veru Jittieħed interessanti huma moħbija. 717 00:31:15,660 --> 00:31:22,120 So I pereżempju, fuq il-punt starting-- taħt il San Bernardino 718 00:31:22,120 --> 00:31:26,747 każ, il-paragrafu bidu "Għandna rispett kbir għal," 719 00:31:26,747 --> 00:31:28,830 aħħar sentenza Tim Cook hija din. "Huma talbu 720 00:31:28,830 --> 00:31:31,110 tgħinna nibnu backdoor għall-iPhone. " 721 00:31:31,110 --> 00:31:33,510 Din hija frażi użata komunement, "Backdoor" għal xi ħaġa. 722 00:31:33,510 --> 00:31:36,010 Xi jfisser dan fil-fatt mean, bħala l-aħjar inti tista 'tgħid, 723 00:31:36,010 --> 00:31:37,691 minn dak li inti stajt taqra hawn jew x'imkien ieħor? 724 00:31:37,691 --> 00:31:38,440 UDJENZA: Hack dan. 725 00:31:38,440 --> 00:31:40,820 DAVID Malan: Huma jridu jkunu kapaċi Hack dan, u xi jfisser? 726 00:31:40,820 --> 00:31:42,110 X'inhu backdoor? 727 00:31:42,110 --> 00:31:43,710 >> UDJENZA: An punt ta 'dħul alternattiv? 728 00:31:43,710 --> 00:31:44,460 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 729 00:31:44,460 --> 00:31:45,800 Allura huwa punt ta 'dħul alternattiv. 730 00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:47,680 Ferm simili dar attwali fejn inti għandek bieb ta 'quddiem, 731 00:31:47,680 --> 00:31:50,721 u kultant bieb ta 'wara fejn int suppost li jidħlu fil-bieb ta 'quddiem 732 00:31:50,721 --> 00:31:53,990 u forsi mhux tant id-dahar bieb, sakemm inti jappartjenu hemmhekk, 733 00:31:53,990 --> 00:31:57,510 -FBI qed titlob għal figurattiva lura door-- mod ieħor 734 00:31:57,510 --> 00:32:01,880 ta 'jkollna fil-telefon li ma jkunx sempliċiment saba bniedem li jmissu l-kodiċi 735 00:32:01,880 --> 00:32:03,370 u jkollna fil bil-mod normali. 736 00:32:03,370 --> 00:32:07,070 Huma jixtiequ li b'xi mod slurp-data off, forsi bil-kejbil, forsi wirelessly, 737 00:32:07,070 --> 00:32:10,830 jew li jkunu jridu b'xi mod ikunu jistgħu input il-kodiċi, forsi, għall-telefon 738 00:32:10,830 --> 00:32:13,330 mingħajr biss bl-użu ta 'saba bniedem prima. 739 00:32:13,330 --> 00:32:16,285 >> Allura dawn jalludu għal, b'mod -paragrafu li jmiss, 740 00:32:16,285 --> 00:32:18,910 "L-FBI jriduna tagħmel ġdid Verżjoni tal-operat iPhone 741 00:32:18,910 --> 00:32:23,250 sistema, idur diversi karatteristiċi ta 'sigurtà importanti. " 742 00:32:23,250 --> 00:32:27,870 Allura għaliex huwa l-FBI tistaqsi Apple biex tagħmel sistema operattiva ġdida? 743 00:32:27,870 --> 00:32:30,410 Li jidher li jkun it-tip tal minbarra l-punt? 744 00:32:30,410 --> 00:32:31,130 Nru? 745 00:32:31,130 --> 00:32:33,476 Għalfejn taħseb li jista 'tgħid li? 746 00:32:33,476 --> 00:32:36,300 747 00:32:36,300 --> 00:32:37,960 Kif huwa s-soluzzjoni għall-problema? 748 00:32:37,960 --> 00:32:40,430 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 749 00:32:40,430 --> 00:32:41,180 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 750 00:32:41,180 --> 00:32:42,715 UDJENZA: [inaudible] 751 00:32:42,715 --> 00:32:43,590 DAVID Malan: Eżattament. 752 00:32:43,590 --> 00:32:46,881 Il-verżjoni tal IOS, is-sistema operattiva li l-ġirja fuq it-telefon bħalissa, 753 00:32:46,881 --> 00:32:50,020 għandu l-miżuri ta 'sigurtà li aħna kienu qed jiddiskutu qabel, 754 00:32:50,020 --> 00:32:52,610 per eżempju, il-ħin idewmu, potenzjalment 755 00:32:52,610 --> 00:32:55,940 il-mekkaniżmu awto-destruct, Kollha minnhom huma partikolarment ħażina. 756 00:32:55,940 --> 00:33:00,900 U għalhekk id-data hija fuq hemmhekk encrypted, u kif l-aħjar li nistgħu tell, 757 00:33:00,900 --> 00:33:05,610 Apple b'xi taħżen data separata mill l-operat sottostanti tal-phone-- 758 00:33:05,610 --> 00:33:07,030 -sistema operattiva. 759 00:33:07,030 --> 00:33:11,020 U għalhekk jidher li jkun possibbli li jinstallaw operattiva ġdida 760 00:33:11,020 --> 00:33:14,660 sistema fuq it-telefon mingħajr jmissu dejta tal-utent. 761 00:33:14,660 --> 00:33:18,090 >> Fil-fatt, jekk kwalunkwe inti għandek Qatt aġġornati Mac OS jew Windows, 762 00:33:18,090 --> 00:33:20,340 ikun be-- wieħed jittama, huwa suppost li jmorru b'dan il-mod. 763 00:33:20,340 --> 00:33:23,020 Nisperaw, inti kont qed kapaċi li taġġorna sistema operattiva tiegħek minn anzjani 764 00:33:23,020 --> 00:33:25,180 Verżjoni għal verżjoni aktar ġodda mingħajr ma tistartja fuq, 765 00:33:25,180 --> 00:33:26,870 mingħajr tħassar kollha ta 'fajls tiegħek. 766 00:33:26,870 --> 00:33:28,410 Issa, xi wħud minnkom probabbilment kellha l-esperjenza fejn 767 00:33:28,410 --> 00:33:29,868 li ma tmurx skond il-pjan. 768 00:33:29,868 --> 00:33:32,920 Iżda fit-teorija, dan għandu jkun possible-- jaġġorna s-sistema operattiva, 769 00:33:32,920 --> 00:33:35,440 iżda ma tħassar jew tmissx id-data attwali. 770 00:33:35,440 --> 00:33:38,970 >> Allura l-FBI qed tipproponi li Apple tinħoloq sistema operattiva li 771 00:33:38,970 --> 00:33:42,770 ma jkollux dawn it-tipi ta 'difiża mekkaniżmi, installati fuq it-telefon 772 00:33:42,770 --> 00:33:45,330 sabiex ikunu jistgħu jiksbu aċċess għad-dejta. 773 00:33:45,330 --> 00:33:46,740 Issa, kif huwa possibbli li? 774 00:33:46,740 --> 00:33:49,510 kieku ma l-persuna ssuspettata innifsu, li issa qed mejjet, 775 00:33:49,510 --> 00:33:52,540 għandhom jinstallaw dan softwer għall-FBI? 776 00:33:52,540 --> 00:33:55,932 Dak li huwa l-FBI isserraħ fuq hawn? 777 00:33:55,932 --> 00:33:57,828 >> UDJENZA: Imbotta l-isfel b'xi mod? 778 00:33:57,828 --> 00:33:59,250 Dan kien mistoqsija tiegħi. 779 00:33:59,250 --> 00:34:01,720 Kif inti jinstallaw dan jekk inti ma tistax log in to dan? 780 00:34:01,720 --> 00:34:02,470 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 781 00:34:02,470 --> 00:34:02,970 Eżattament. 782 00:34:02,970 --> 00:34:05,540 Allura inti jidhru li jkollhom tiġieġ u l-problema tal-bajd hawn, 783 00:34:05,540 --> 00:34:08,989 li permezz tagħha, inti ser jaħseb, li taġġorna s-software, 784 00:34:08,989 --> 00:34:10,400 għandek bżonn log fil-telefon. 785 00:34:10,400 --> 00:34:13,380 Iżda biex log fil-telefon, inti bżonn li taġġorna s-software sabiex 786 00:34:13,380 --> 00:34:15,909 biex jiġu evitati dawn il-mekkaniżmi ta 'difiża. 787 00:34:15,909 --> 00:34:17,330 >> Allura tikri biss raġuni lura. 788 00:34:17,330 --> 00:34:22,010 Allura ma tkun neċessarjament l-programmer fuq Apple, dak li għandu jkun il-każ? 789 00:34:22,010 --> 00:34:26,848 Jekk l-FBI taħseb li tista 'tagħmel dan, dak li għandu jkun il-każ loġikament? 790 00:34:26,848 --> 00:34:28,347 X'inhi r-risposta għall-imsemmija domanda? 791 00:34:28,347 --> 00:34:31,420 792 00:34:31,420 --> 00:34:35,159 >> Għandu jkun possibbli li do, preżumibbilment, b'xi. 793 00:34:35,159 --> 00:34:37,600 Allura kif tista 'inti tagħmel dan? 794 00:34:37,600 --> 00:34:42,620 Kulma għandek l huwa utent ma ' iPhone, forsi Mac jew PC, 795 00:34:42,620 --> 00:34:45,860 forsi kejbil, forsi konnessjoni tan-netwerk. 796 00:34:45,860 --> 00:34:49,679 Kif tista 'l-FBI jkun jekk wieħed jassumi Apple tista 'tagħmel dan? 797 00:34:49,679 --> 00:34:51,710 >> UDJENZA: Forsi permezz aġġornamenti awtomatiċi? 798 00:34:51,710 --> 00:34:52,460 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 799 00:34:52,460 --> 00:34:54,679 Allura ħafna fil Vogue dawn jiem huwa aġġornamenti awtomatiċi 800 00:34:54,679 --> 00:34:56,770 meta telefon Android, u iPhone, Windows Phone, 801 00:34:56,770 --> 00:34:59,400 whatnot se biss awtomatikament download aġġornamenti. 802 00:34:59,400 --> 00:35:02,750 Allura forsi Apple setgħet biss jaġġorna s-sistema operattiva, 803 00:35:02,750 --> 00:35:05,280 kif tkun talbet l-FBI, tpoġġi kopja tal-operattiva ġdida 804 00:35:05,280 --> 00:35:09,100 sistema fis-sħaba fuq servers tagħhom, u biss stenna 805 00:35:09,100 --> 00:35:12,940 għall-telefon tas-suspettat li jgħaqqdu awtomatikament, peress li probabbilment 806 00:35:12,940 --> 00:35:15,420 ma filgħaxija jew kull ħames minuti jew xi ħaġa, 807 00:35:15,420 --> 00:35:17,500 biex jiġbdu s-sistema operattiva ġdida. 808 00:35:17,500 --> 00:35:19,420 >> Issa, ejja nieqaf għal ftit mument. 809 00:35:19,420 --> 00:35:22,262 Inti probabilment ma tridx tagħmel li għal kulħadd fid-dinja, 810 00:35:22,262 --> 00:35:23,970 inkella għandna problema saħansitra akbar. 811 00:35:23,970 --> 00:35:26,270 Well, forsi l-FBI tista 'tixtieq li tagħmel dan għal kulħadd fid-dinja, 812 00:35:26,270 --> 00:35:28,000 iżda probabbilment mhux se jmorru fuq hekk ukoll. 813 00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:31,620 Hekk biss ħsieb loġiku hawnhekk, huwa possibbli li? 814 00:35:31,620 --> 00:35:32,660 Hija li interruttur jittrattaw? 815 00:35:32,660 --> 00:35:37,370 inti tista 'roll out software biex biss utent wieħed f'dak ix-xenarju? 816 00:35:37,370 --> 00:35:38,896 Kif, kieku inti taħseb? 817 00:35:38,896 --> 00:35:41,830 >> UDJENZA: Inti jagħmluha disponibbli biss għall-indirizz dik mezz. 818 00:35:41,830 --> 00:35:42,580 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 819 00:35:42,580 --> 00:35:44,110 Biss għall-indirizz dik mezz. 820 00:35:44,110 --> 00:35:46,180 U forsi dan indirizzi hija xi indirizz numeriku. 821 00:35:46,180 --> 00:35:47,730 Forsi huwa numru tat-telefon tal-mezz. 822 00:35:47,730 --> 00:35:50,730 Forsi huwa l-tal-apparat ID Apple, jekk int familjari, 823 00:35:50,730 --> 00:35:52,560 bħall-indirizz email li l-użi tal-bniedem 824 00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:56,210 log in to that-- għall awtomatiku aġġornamenti għall-Aħżen App. 825 00:35:56,210 --> 00:35:58,210 Allura hemm probabilment mod biex tagħmel dan. 826 00:35:58,210 --> 00:36:01,370 >> Allura inti għandek is-sistema operattiva għal kulħadd fid-dinja, 827 00:36:01,370 --> 00:36:04,330 ħlief għal din il-persuna waħda li tkun Verżjoni tiegħu stess ta 'l-operat 828 00:36:04,330 --> 00:36:05,520 Sistema jkollna tinġibed 'l isfel. 829 00:36:05,520 --> 00:36:07,250 Issa, forsi mhuwiex fuq in-netwerk. 830 00:36:07,250 --> 00:36:09,844 Forsi dan huwa ftit aktar faċli minn qal jsir. 831 00:36:09,844 --> 00:36:11,010 Allura x'hemm mekkaniżmu ieħor? 832 00:36:11,010 --> 00:36:14,093 Ukoll, dan ma kienx kollha li ilu li ħafna minna hawn, Android jew iPhone, 833 00:36:14,093 --> 00:36:17,600 kienu l-aġġornament telefowns tagħna permezz cable-- xi tip ta 'USB cable konnessi 834 00:36:17,600 --> 00:36:18,479 għall Mac tiegħek jew PC. 835 00:36:18,479 --> 00:36:20,020 U li jista 'tabilħaqq ikun possibbli. 836 00:36:20,020 --> 00:36:25,070 >> U fil-fatt, dan huwa probabbilment garanzija difett fil-verżjoni attwali ta 'IOS, 837 00:36:25,070 --> 00:36:28,080 u iPhones b'mod aktar ġenerali, li dan huwa fil-fatt possibbli. 838 00:36:28,080 --> 00:36:32,480 Inti tista 'taġġorna s-software fuq l- telefown mingħajr jitqanqal il-telefon, 839 00:36:32,480 --> 00:36:33,460 jidher. 840 00:36:33,460 --> 00:36:35,310 Issa, għaliex huwa li difett sigurtà? 841 00:36:35,310 --> 00:36:39,660 Minħabba li fetħu ruħhom għal eżattament dan it-tip ta 'talba. 842 00:36:39,660 --> 00:36:44,786 >> Allura bħala twarrib, ir-riżultat li jidher inevitabbli minn dan il-proċess kollu 843 00:36:44,786 --> 00:36:47,660 m'hemm l-ebda mod li għaddej biex jkun possibbli mal-verżjoni li jmiss, 844 00:36:47,660 --> 00:36:48,710 inti ser jaħseb, ta IOS. 845 00:36:48,710 --> 00:36:49,210 Dritt? 846 00:36:49,210 --> 00:36:51,980 Huma jista 'jkollhom deliberatament marbut Apple-- hands-- tagħhom sabiex 847 00:36:51,980 --> 00:36:53,470 li dan lanqas ma huwa possibbli. 848 00:36:53,470 --> 00:36:57,050 >> Issa, dawn ħadthom probabbilment ġiet wieħed jassumi li għaliex huwa biss huma stess is-sors 849 00:36:57,050 --> 00:37:00,420 kodiċi li IOS li dan mhuwiex verament theddida 850 00:37:00,420 --> 00:37:03,990 għaliex l-ebda wieħed għaddej biex joqogħdu bilqegħda u tinbena sistema operattiva kollha 851 00:37:03,990 --> 00:37:06,040 u figura kif tinstallahom fuq iPhone. 852 00:37:06,040 --> 00:37:09,666 Iżda huwa ċertament possibbli issa li biss jeħtieġu passcode miexja 'l quddiem 853 00:37:09,666 --> 00:37:11,040 biex jinstallaw din is-sistema operattiva. 854 00:37:11,040 --> 00:37:12,789 >> Allura dak l-gist ta ' dak li qed titlob. 855 00:37:12,789 --> 00:37:17,860 U l-istampa akbar li nistgħu tiddifferixxi għall forsi stil f'nofsinhar 856 00:37:17,860 --> 00:37:20,200 chat jew l-istil tal-mejda pranzu chat---gvern 857 00:37:20,200 --> 00:37:23,800 jissuġġerixxi li din l-għodda tista ' jintużaw darba biss fuq il-mobile waħda. 858 00:37:23,800 --> 00:37:27,590 U li fejn l-privatezza konvenuti verament 859 00:37:27,590 --> 00:37:31,860 tressaq xi qawwa li jeħel dik l ftit jidher raġonevoli ħafna. 860 00:37:31,860 --> 00:37:36,030 Hekk kif fil-fatt teżisti l-software, talbiet legali żgur addizzjonali ser 861 00:37:36,030 --> 00:37:39,870 jidħlu fi, żgur hemm riskju ta 'xi Guy ħażina jkollna aċċess għal dik it-tip 862 00:37:39,870 --> 00:37:42,560 ta 'softwer, installazzjoni hija lilu jew lilha nfisha fuq it-telefowns, 863 00:37:42,560 --> 00:37:46,000 u hekk int biss ftuħ, hija jidher, tista tal dud. 864 00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:48,690 >> Issa, anki Obama reċentement, jekk inti stajt taqra jew mismugħa 865 00:37:48,690 --> 00:37:50,640 għal waħda mill reċenti tiegħu diskorsi, ikkummenta, 866 00:37:50,640 --> 00:37:53,830 Naħseb, li folks deher li kien fetishizing mowbajls tagħhom, biex ngħidu hekk, 867 00:37:53,830 --> 00:37:58,222 li biha aħna aċċettaw aktar minn 300 sena il-fatt li l-pulizija ma 'mandat 868 00:37:58,222 --> 00:38:00,180 nisperaw jistgħu jidħlu fis dar tiegħek jew li jista 'tfittex 869 00:38:00,180 --> 00:38:02,720 permezz tal-kontenut ta ' drawers tiegħek jew whatnot, 870 00:38:02,720 --> 00:38:06,590 u għadhom, aħna jidhru li tkun tqegħid telefon fuq dan biha pedestall 871 00:38:06,590 --> 00:38:08,829 għandu jkun immuni għall-għajnejn kollha prying. 872 00:38:08,829 --> 00:38:11,870 Imma nixtieq jargumentaw, franchement, minn perspettiva xjentist kompjuter, li 873 00:38:11,870 --> 00:38:15,370 huwa attwalment progress-- l-fatt li issa għandna l-mezzi matematiċi 874 00:38:15,370 --> 00:38:19,770 li fil-fatt iżommu informazzjoni tassew sigura billi Mod ta 'dan il-ħaġa imsejħa encryption, 875 00:38:19,770 --> 00:38:22,490 u aħna ser terga 'lura għal fi ftit ftit. 876 00:38:22,490 --> 00:38:27,510 >> Allura xi mistoqsijiet dwar xi li għadha biss? 877 00:38:27,510 --> 00:38:31,870 Well, let me nuruk biss kif hemm, fil-fatt, mod wieħed 878 00:38:31,870 --> 00:38:34,200 li forza brutali tiegħek mod fi telefon. 879 00:38:34,200 --> 00:38:36,240 U fil-fatt, dan huwa mhux barra mill-kwistjoni. 880 00:38:36,240 --> 00:38:40,000 Dan huwa biss qasir YouTube video ta essenzjalment robot xi ħadd ftit 881 00:38:40,000 --> 00:38:45,570 mibnija li ma dan bil-kuxxinett ftit. 882 00:38:45,570 --> 00:38:46,830 >> U ninsa dak li hu. 883 00:38:46,830 --> 00:38:49,830 Dan huwa bl-użu phone Android minħabba telefon Android, f'dan il-każ, 884 00:38:49,830 --> 00:38:51,210 huwa vulnerabbli għal dan l-attakk. 885 00:38:51,210 --> 00:38:52,440 Dan mhux se timeout. 886 00:38:52,440 --> 00:38:55,530 Dan ma jżidx il- jittardja bejn tentattivi. 887 00:38:55,530 --> 00:38:59,490 U għalhekk inti tista 'biss tagħmel this-- I think simili għal tlett ijiem, naħseb, 888 00:38:59,490 --> 00:39:01,390 kien il-caption f'dan il-video. 889 00:39:01,390 --> 00:39:03,730 Wara tlett ijiem, dan apparat umoristiċi tfittex 890 00:39:03,730 --> 00:39:06,390 se Hack fis Android telefon li għandha four-- forsi 891 00:39:06,390 --> 00:39:07,900 kien passcode ta 'sitt ċifri. 892 00:39:07,900 --> 00:39:12,530 Allura beware xi ħaġa simili this-- tara dan fuq il-mejda ħdejk. 893 00:39:12,530 --> 00:39:14,059 >> Dan għalkemm huwa mekkaniżmu wieħed. 894 00:39:14,059 --> 00:39:15,600 Allura dak li huwa Apple attwalment titlob għall? 895 00:39:15,600 --> 00:39:16,710 Dan l-artikolu huwa ftit itwal. 896 00:39:16,710 --> 00:39:19,550 U huwa l-uniku artikolu ieħor aħna ser taqra llum fuq karta jew fuq l-internet. 897 00:39:19,550 --> 00:39:22,860 Imma ħalluni nistedinkom biex tieħu probabbilment erba jew hekk minuti 898 00:39:22,860 --> 00:39:25,770 biex tagħti ħarsa lejn dan li ġej. 899 00:39:25,770 --> 00:39:28,160 Dan huwa URL itwal hawn. 900 00:39:28,160 --> 00:39:29,950 Imma jekk inti għandek l- pjastri miftuħa fuq tab, 901 00:39:29,950 --> 00:39:33,140 inti tista 'probabbilment biss kopja u paste dan mill-pjastri infushom. 902 00:39:33,140 --> 00:39:37,130 U għandi printout hawn, jekk inti jippreferu fatt tfittex fuq il-karta. 903 00:39:37,130 --> 00:39:40,470 >> Dan huwa artikolu aktar tekniku li ser joffru us opportunità 904 00:39:40,470 --> 00:39:43,580 li attwalment tease apparti aktar kliem tekniku, 905 00:39:43,580 --> 00:39:47,575 u ara dak l-awturi fil-fatt tfisser. 906 00:39:47,575 --> 00:39:51,090 Mela jekk għandek bżonn biex iżommu irfinar up-- iżda let me toss-mistoqsija hemmhekk, 907 00:39:51,090 --> 00:39:54,680 ibbażati fuq dak li inti stajt taqra, hemm kwalunkwe buzzwords, sentenzi, pretensjonijiet, 908 00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:57,350 li għandna l-ewwel tittraduċi jew jiddistillaw 909 00:39:57,350 --> 00:40:00,252 li tagħmel dak kollu aktar sempliċi? 910 00:40:00,252 --> 00:40:03,090 911 00:40:03,090 --> 00:40:05,070 Xejn affattu? 912 00:40:05,070 --> 00:40:08,400 Mela jekk jien bdew pop kwizz lilna dwar dak li jfisser ċerti sentenzi, 913 00:40:08,400 --> 00:40:09,610 għandna nkunu OK? 914 00:40:09,610 --> 00:40:10,310 Oh, hemm immorru. 915 00:40:10,310 --> 00:40:10,810 KOLLOX SEW. 916 00:40:10,810 --> 00:40:13,165 UDJENZA: [inaudible] bini xi kodiċi RAM. 917 00:40:13,165 --> 00:40:14,040 DAVID Malan: Oh, RAM. 918 00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:14,540 KOLLOX SEW. 919 00:40:14,540 --> 00:40:16,060 Yeah. 920 00:40:16,060 --> 00:40:19,124 RAM-- let me jiddefinixxu l-ewwel u aħna ser terga 'lura għal dan il-punt. 921 00:40:19,124 --> 00:40:20,399 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 922 00:40:20,399 --> 00:40:22,190 DAVID Malan: Liema dawn qed jitolbu għal hemmhekk. 923 00:40:22,190 --> 00:40:22,690 KOLLOX SEW. 924 00:40:22,690 --> 00:40:25,164 Allura bħala definizzjoni, RAM huwa Random Access Memory. 925 00:40:25,164 --> 00:40:27,580 Din hija t-tip ta 'memorja li kollha ta 'kompjuters tagħna jkollhom. 926 00:40:27,580 --> 00:40:31,060 Hija distinta minn hard diska jew disk stat solidu. 927 00:40:31,060 --> 00:40:34,480 U solidu disk stat jew hard disk hi fejn id-data tiegħek hija maħżuna fit-tul. 928 00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:37,490 Allura meta inti unplug l-korda, anki meta batterija tiegħek imut, 929 00:40:37,490 --> 00:40:41,240 kwalunkwe data jew programmi li għandek fuq hard drive tiegħek jew issuq stat solidu 930 00:40:41,240 --> 00:40:42,240 jibqgħu hemm. 931 00:40:42,240 --> 00:40:45,380 >> RAM, sadanittant huwa t-tip ta 'memorja li, meta inti double click ikona, 932 00:40:45,380 --> 00:40:47,530 jew miftuħa xi fajl, jew run xi program, huwa 933 00:40:47,530 --> 00:40:51,390 kkupjati mill-hard drive jew l-istat solidu issuq fil-RAM. 934 00:40:51,390 --> 00:40:54,440 RAM tendenza li jkun aktar mgħaġġel, għalkemm aktar għaljin. 935 00:40:54,440 --> 00:40:57,210 U li fejn fajls u programmi ħajjin waqt li jkunu qed jiġu użati. 936 00:40:57,210 --> 00:40:59,510 >> Allura aħna ser jerġgħu lura għall- implikazzjonijiet ta 'din in ftit mument. 937 00:40:59,510 --> 00:41:01,840 Iżda għal dawk familjari, dak hu li kollox madwar. 938 00:41:01,840 --> 00:41:04,420 U telefons jkollhom dan ukoll. 939 00:41:04,420 --> 00:41:09,250 Kwalunkwe definizzjonijiet oħra jew kjarifiki nistgħu nagħmlu? 940 00:41:09,250 --> 00:41:09,750 Kull dritt. 941 00:41:09,750 --> 00:41:13,710 Allura l-kwizz pop huwa dak huma l-tlieta, għall-inqas, 942 00:41:13,710 --> 00:41:17,890 affarijiet li l-FBI huwa speċifikament titlob Apple għall teknikament? 943 00:41:17,890 --> 00:41:24,360 944 00:41:24,360 --> 00:41:26,064 Waħda minnhom jikkonċerna sew RAM. 945 00:41:26,064 --> 00:41:27,230 Allura dak l-spoiler hemmhekk. 946 00:41:27,230 --> 00:41:28,925 U aħna ser terga 'lura għal dak li tfisser. 947 00:41:28,925 --> 00:41:32,580 948 00:41:32,580 --> 00:41:35,679 Imma dak ma l-gvern trid? 949 00:41:35,679 --> 00:41:37,470 Yeah, Chris, inti tixtieq biex tagħtina wieħed ieħor? 950 00:41:37,470 --> 00:41:42,140 >> UDJENZA: Naħseb li l-kapaċità li elettronikament forza brutali password, 951 00:41:42,140 --> 00:41:44,640 DAVID Malan: Yeah, b'mod elettroniku forza brutali l-passwords. 952 00:41:44,640 --> 00:41:47,866 Għal darb'oħra, brute terġa 'malajr force--, dak ma brutali jisforzaw jfisser? 953 00:41:47,866 --> 00:41:49,575 >> UDJENZA: Ipprova l- numru ta 'kombinazzjonijiet. 954 00:41:49,575 --> 00:41:50,365 DAVID Malan: Għal darb'oħra. 955 00:41:50,365 --> 00:41:51,000 Eżattament. 956 00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:53,730 Biss tipprova mill-ġdid, u għal darb'oħra, u għal darb'oħra, permezz forza brutali, 957 00:41:53,730 --> 00:41:55,550 mhux permezz intellett, mhux permezz cleverness. 958 00:41:55,550 --> 00:41:57,500 Biss jippruvaw kull possibbiltà darn. 959 00:41:57,500 --> 00:42:00,470 Allura l-gvern irid b'mod sabiex jiġi evitat brute force-- huma 960 00:42:00,470 --> 00:42:03,500 jridu mod li tkun tista ' forza brutali b'mod elettroniku, 961 00:42:03,500 --> 00:42:06,134 u b'mod elettroniku għall-kuntrarju ta 'dak li? 962 00:42:06,134 --> 00:42:07,030 >> UDJENZA: Manwalment. 963 00:42:07,030 --> 00:42:07,946 >> DAVID Malan: manwalment. 964 00:42:07,946 --> 00:42:10,370 Allura kif oppost għal aġent FBI fiżikament ittajpjar affarijiet fil- 965 00:42:10,370 --> 00:42:12,870 u għall-kuntrarju iblah tfittex apparati bħal dak aħna biss 966 00:42:12,870 --> 00:42:16,759 raw, awtomatikament ippanċjar minnhom, huma preżumibbilment tixtieq li tagħmel dan wirelessly. 967 00:42:16,759 --> 00:42:19,300 U fil-fatt, jekk inti taqra l- gvern request---qorti 968 00:42:19,300 --> 00:42:21,680 document-- via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, tkun xi tkun 969 00:42:21,680 --> 00:42:23,910 huwa possible-- jew forsi permezz tal-kejbil sajjetti 970 00:42:23,910 --> 00:42:25,820 li plugs fil- telefon stess li 971 00:42:25,820 --> 00:42:28,760 ikunu konnessi permezz USB li xi apparat li huma għandhom hacking. 972 00:42:28,760 --> 00:42:32,510 >> Sabiex ikunu jridu l-abbiltà li brute seħħ il-phone elettronikament 973 00:42:32,510 --> 00:42:36,960 sabiex dawn ikunu biss jistgħu jagħmlu dan malajr minn umana jew robot tista 'tagħmel dan. 974 00:42:36,960 --> 00:42:40,100 Huma jridu b'xi RAM-- let me jaqra din is-sentenza. 975 00:42:40,100 --> 00:42:43,360 "Hija trid Apple li disinn dan il softwer iddgħajfet, il tħaddim ġdida 976 00:42:43,360 --> 00:42:48,280 sistema, li għandha tiġi mgħobbija fil-memorja, AKA RAM, minflok fuq diska 977 00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:51,140 b'tali mod li d-data dwar it-telefon jibqa 'sod forensically 978 00:42:51,140 --> 00:42:52,380 u mhux se jinbidlu. " 979 00:42:52,380 --> 00:42:57,920 >> Għalhekk mhuwiex ċar għalina, il-qarrejja, eżattament fejn id-data hija maħżuna 980 00:42:57,920 --> 00:43:00,200 u fejn l-operat sistema hija maħżuna. 981 00:43:00,200 --> 00:43:02,800 Iżda preżumibbilment, bħala kwistjoni ta 'prinċipju fil-liġi, 982 00:43:02,800 --> 00:43:06,020 il-gvern ma jridux riskju mutating 983 00:43:06,020 --> 00:43:10,180 kwalunkwe minn dawn li bits-- xi waħda mill-0s u 1s, jew id-data fuq il drive-- 984 00:43:10,180 --> 00:43:13,380 billi jpoġġi operattiva ġdida sistema fuq il-hard disk innifsu, 985 00:43:13,380 --> 00:43:16,024 lest li dawn jinfetħu għal klejm li tistenna 986 00:43:16,024 --> 00:43:19,190 minuta dan il-fajl ma kienx preċedentament hemm meta l-persuna ssuspettata proprjetà it-telefon. 987 00:43:19,190 --> 00:43:21,600 >> Pjuttost huma tixtieq li tqiegħed il- sistema operattiva fi RAM, 988 00:43:21,600 --> 00:43:26,270 Random Access Memory, li hija din post veloċità aktar mgħaġġel li hija distinta, 989 00:43:26,270 --> 00:43:28,720 fiżikament, mill-hard disk attwali. 990 00:43:28,720 --> 00:43:32,320 Naturalment, is-sistema operattiva ma tipikament jmorru hemm fl-intier tagħha, 991 00:43:32,320 --> 00:43:35,250 b'tali mod li talba mhux trivjali. 992 00:43:35,250 --> 00:43:39,280 Allura konna ltqajna din it-talba RAM, konna ltqajna din it-talba forza brutali, 993 00:43:39,280 --> 00:43:42,425 u waħda oħra mill-inqas. 994 00:43:42,425 --> 00:43:44,050 X'iktar huwa l-gvern titlob għall? 995 00:43:44,050 --> 00:43:44,549 Ben? 996 00:43:44,549 --> 00:43:46,410 UDJENZA: Neħħi d-dewmien ħin. 997 00:43:46,410 --> 00:43:47,160 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 998 00:43:47,160 --> 00:43:49,040 Neħħi li ż-żmien dewmien, li f'dan il-każ 999 00:43:49,040 --> 00:43:55,470 huwa kemm sekondi, jew millisekondi, or-- 80 millisekondi? 1000 00:43:55,470 --> 00:43:57,310 Liema ħsejjes pretty fast. 1001 00:43:57,310 --> 00:44:02,870 I tfisser bnedmin aktar tista 'avviż biss dewmien ta '100 200 millisekonda 1002 00:44:02,870 --> 00:44:04,770 qabel xi ħaġa fil-fatt iħoss kajman. 1003 00:44:04,770 --> 00:44:07,330 Iżda 80 millisekondi huwa bejn wieħed u ieħor 100 millisekondi. 1004 00:44:07,330 --> 00:44:11,900 U 1,000 millisekondi hija t-tieni. 1005 00:44:11,900 --> 00:44:16,890 Allura dak like-- inti tista 'tagħmel 10 attentati kull sekonda, jagħtu jew jieħu. 1006 00:44:16,890 --> 00:44:20,230 >> Allura li jħoss pjuttost malajr, iżda mhux kważi mgħaġġel biżżejjed 1007 00:44:20,230 --> 00:44:21,930 jekk inti ħadthom ltqajna kodiċi ta 'sitt ċifri. 1008 00:44:21,930 --> 00:44:24,330 U fil-fatt, l-artikolu jagħmel referenza għall-din wisq. 1009 00:44:24,330 --> 00:44:27,550 Mela jekk inti ħadthom ltqajna erba ċifri kodiċi, kif iddiskutejna qabel, 1010 00:44:27,550 --> 00:44:30,200 inti jista 'jkollhom waħda, tnejn, tlieta, erba'. 1011 00:44:30,200 --> 00:44:34,880 >> U kull wieħed minn dawn in-numri jistgħu jkun in-numru 0 sa 9. 1012 00:44:34,880 --> 00:44:38,710 Allura dak 10 possibilitajiet darbiet 10 possibbiltajiet darbiet 10 possibilitajiet 1013 00:44:38,710 --> 00:44:39,630 ħinijiet 10. 1014 00:44:39,630 --> 00:44:43,170 U dan huwa fejn aħna qbilna li 10,000 minn. 1015 00:44:43,170 --> 00:44:45,140 Jekk ikollok xi 6 ċifri kodiċi, inti naturalment 1016 00:44:45,140 --> 00:44:49,840 biss żid din hawn, li huwa ieħor 10, u 10 oħra, li 1017 00:44:49,840 --> 00:44:52,360 ifisser li nistgħu biss żid 0. 1018 00:44:52,360 --> 00:44:55,600 U issa, aħna qed sa miljun possibbiltajiet. 1019 00:44:55,600 --> 00:45:01,520 >> Allura bħala inġinier, jekk 6 huwa wisq ftit, a million-- li għadhom 1020 00:45:01,520 --> 00:45:04,450 iħoss relattivament baxx, speċjalment jekk inti tista 'tagħmel 10 kull sekonda. 1021 00:45:04,450 --> 00:45:07,600 Jiġrilha ftit boring, iżda inti tista 'tagħmel dan permezz forza brutali. 1022 00:45:07,600 --> 00:45:12,717 Liema jista 'jkun aħjar minn passcode 6 ċifri? 1023 00:45:12,717 --> 00:45:13,300 X'hemm aħjar? 1024 00:45:13,300 --> 00:45:15,900 >> Udjenza: [inaudible] ċifri jew l-ittri u kombinazzjonijiet differenti [inaudible]. 1025 00:45:15,900 --> 00:45:16,330 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1026 00:45:16,330 --> 00:45:17,830 Mela ejja tagħti kemm ta 'dawk fil-dawran. 1027 00:45:17,830 --> 00:45:21,970 Allura ftit aħjar minn sitt passcode ċifri jistgħu jkunu, naturalment, 1028 00:45:21,970 --> 00:45:25,710 passcode seba 'ċifri, li tagħti us 10 miljun possibbiltajiet, u biss 1029 00:45:25,710 --> 00:45:26,707 l ċifri addizzjonali. 1030 00:45:26,707 --> 00:45:29,790 Aħjar minn dak għalkemm ikun 8 passcode ċifri, passcode 9 ċifri, 10 1031 00:45:29,790 --> 00:45:30,630 passcode ċifri. 1032 00:45:30,630 --> 00:45:31,630 >> Iżda timbotta lura, issa. 1033 00:45:31,630 --> 00:45:34,460 Issa, int mhux l-inġinier jew il-persuna sigurtà. 1034 00:45:34,460 --> 00:45:37,220 Issa int l-maniġer prodott jew il-persuna li tbiegħ. 1035 00:45:37,220 --> 00:45:42,270 Għaliex huwa passcode 'seba ċifri ma aħjar minn passcode sitt ċifri 1036 00:45:42,270 --> 00:45:46,001 għal xi definizzjoni ta ' "aħjar"? 1037 00:45:46,001 --> 00:45:47,626 UDJENZA: Huwa jieħu itwal għall-utent. 1038 00:45:47,626 --> 00:45:48,130 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1039 00:45:48,130 --> 00:45:49,560 Huwa jieħu itwal għall-utent. 1040 00:45:49,560 --> 00:45:51,690 Huwa jieħu ikklikkja addizzjonali. 1041 00:45:51,690 --> 00:45:55,237 U ftit aktar compellingly wisq, nixtieq ngħid, huwa dak? 1042 00:45:55,237 --> 00:45:56,112 UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1043 00:45:56,112 --> 00:45:56,862 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1044 00:45:56,862 --> 00:45:59,712 Huwa kemmxejn diffiċli li wieħed jiftakar l-itwal u itwal jiġrilha. 1045 00:45:59,712 --> 00:46:01,920 Aħna bnedmin, għall-inqas fil- Istati Uniti, kienu tip ta maxed 1046 00:46:01,920 --> 00:46:03,239 fil 10 numri għal numri tat-telefon. 1047 00:46:03,239 --> 00:46:06,030 U anki li, naf simili tlieta tan-nies numri tat-telefon f'dawn il-jiem. 1048 00:46:06,030 --> 00:46:07,740 Allura dak it-tip ta 'ħasla. 1049 00:46:07,740 --> 00:46:11,870 >> Allura hemm punt fejn huwa biss mhux a experience-- utent tajba jew UX kieku 1050 00:46:11,870 --> 00:46:13,600 jkun il-mod trendy ta 'tgħid li. 1051 00:46:13,600 --> 00:46:15,620 Allura x'hemm aħjar milli sempliċement jużaw numri? 1052 00:46:15,620 --> 00:46:18,320 Ukoll, minflok ta '10 possibilitajiet, għaliex ma we biss 1053 00:46:18,320 --> 00:46:23,830 nikseb aktar clever-- u minflok ta 'użu '10 numri, 0 sa 9. 1054 00:46:23,830 --> 00:46:27,340 >> Kif inkella nistgħu inrendu a passcode-- 6 ċifri 1055 00:46:27,340 --> 00:46:30,470 6 simbolu passcode aktar sigura? 1056 00:46:30,470 --> 00:46:31,680 What did you tipproponi? 1057 00:46:31,680 --> 00:46:32,380 Ittri. 1058 00:46:32,380 --> 00:46:37,890 Allura minflok forsi numri, għaliex ma we biss tagħmel l-ittri, bħall 26 darba 26 darbiet 1059 00:46:37,890 --> 00:46:41,130 26-- u Ara naqra, dan huwa attwalment jkollna mgħaġġel pretty big. 1060 00:46:41,130 --> 00:46:43,760 >> Mela jekk immur here-- din il huwa kalkulatur tiegħi ftit. 1061 00:46:43,760 --> 00:46:48,690 U jekk jien 10 darbiet 10 darbiet 10 darbiet 10 darbiet 10 darbiet 10. 1062 00:46:48,690 --> 00:46:50,850 Li meta aħna ltqajna l- miljun possibbiltajiet 1063 00:46:50,850 --> 00:46:52,450 minn għal passcode 6 ċifri. 1064 00:46:52,450 --> 00:46:58,280 Iżda jekk minflok li aħna qed tagħmel 26 ħinijiet 26 darbiet 26 darba oħra 26, 1065 00:46:58,280 --> 00:47:05,980 26, 26-- dan issa qed tagħti us 308 miljun possibbiltajiet. 1066 00:47:05,980 --> 00:47:10,116 >> U huwa li raġonevoli li jaqilbu minn numri sa ittri 1067 00:47:10,116 --> 00:47:11,240 u għad għandhom it 6 ċifri? 1068 00:47:11,240 --> 00:47:14,030 Dan ifisser li għandek bżonn kelma 6 ittra. 1069 00:47:14,030 --> 00:47:17,241 Ħafna minna jista 'probabbilment jiftakru sitt ċifri Ingliż jew xi lingwa oħra 1070 00:47:17,241 --> 00:47:17,740 kelma. 1071 00:47:17,740 --> 00:47:19,010 Li pretty raġonevoli. 1072 00:47:19,010 --> 00:47:22,220 >> Iżda aħna ma bżonn li jirrestrinġu nfusna minn sempliċi ittri. 1073 00:47:22,220 --> 00:47:23,930 Għaliex ma I jiksbu ftit aktar ambizzjuża? 1074 00:47:23,930 --> 00:47:29,080 Liema jista 'jkun kemmxejn aħjar minn ittri hawn? 1075 00:47:29,080 --> 00:47:31,667 Kun l-inġinier li tipproponi soluzzjoni anki aħjar. 1076 00:47:31,667 --> 00:47:32,574 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1077 00:47:32,574 --> 00:47:34,240 DAVID Malan: A karattri combination--. 1078 00:47:34,240 --> 00:47:39,920 Allura mhux biss 26-ittri, imma jekk jien żid lura dawn in-numri mill before-- sew, 1079 00:47:39,920 --> 00:47:42,760 kollox għaddej wrong-- li l-36. 1080 00:47:42,760 --> 00:47:43,990 Li għadu 26. 1081 00:47:43,990 --> 00:47:47,900 C'est 36 darbiet 36 times-- u ibqa 'sejjer hekk. 1082 00:47:47,900 --> 00:47:49,360 Allura li jkollna akbar. 1083 00:47:49,360 --> 00:47:54,980 >> Kemm akbar nistgħu tikseb dan jindirizza l-ispazju, kif xi ħadd jista 'jgħid? 1084 00:47:54,980 --> 00:47:57,300 X'aktar jista inti żid fl minbarra l-ittri u n-numri? 1085 00:47:57,300 --> 00:47:58,065 Jien sa 36. 1086 00:47:58,065 --> 00:48:00,196 Jien 26, li permezz z. 1087 00:48:00,196 --> 00:48:01,120 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1088 00:48:01,120 --> 00:48:01,870 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1089 00:48:01,870 --> 00:48:03,510 Allura nistgħu verament go crazy bil-keyboard. 1090 00:48:03,510 --> 00:48:05,270 Jew saħansitra aktar sempliċi, nistgħu jżommha sempliċi. 1091 00:48:05,270 --> 00:48:05,660 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1092 00:48:05,660 --> 00:48:06,430 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1093 00:48:06,430 --> 00:48:10,070 Jekk immorru uppercase u zghar, issa għandi 26 plus 26. 1094 00:48:10,070 --> 00:48:13,300 Allura dak 52 already-- plus 10 oħra. 1095 00:48:13,300 --> 00:48:15,080 Li 62. 1096 00:48:15,080 --> 00:48:17,200 U biss biex tara d- implikazzjonijiet ta 'dan, 1097 00:48:17,200 --> 00:48:18,970 Issa, ejja biss tagħmel daqsxejn ta iehor ta matematika. 1098 00:48:18,970 --> 00:48:24,640 Allura 62 darbiet 62 darbiet 62 ħinijiet 62 darbiet 62 darbiet 62. 1099 00:48:24,640 --> 00:48:30,850 Li issa qed tagħti me 56 biljun possibbiltajiet. 1100 00:48:30,850 --> 00:48:32,960 >> U huwa għadu tip ta raġonevoli. 1101 00:48:32,960 --> 00:48:36,230 Jista 'bniedem wieħed jiftakru 6 symbol-- fejn 1102 00:48:36,230 --> 00:48:39,380 simbolu huwa biss ta 'ittra jew password karattru numru? 1103 00:48:39,380 --> 00:48:39,880 Probabbilment. 1104 00:48:39,880 --> 00:48:42,600 Dan ma jħossx kollu li mhux raġonevoli. 1105 00:48:42,600 --> 00:48:44,010 Allura dak li aktar jista aħna żid fil-? 1106 00:48:44,010 --> 00:48:48,600 U bħala twarrib, għandu ħadd hawnhekk, Qatt semgħu l-bażi frażi 64? 1107 00:48:48,600 --> 00:48:49,470 Bażi 64? 1108 00:48:49,470 --> 00:48:52,386 >> Allura aħna ser terga 'lura għal din il għada meta nitkellmu dwar rappreżentazzjoni. 1109 00:48:52,386 --> 00:48:54,910 Long storja qasira, lkoll bnedmin fil-kamra aktar probabbli 1110 00:48:54,910 --> 00:48:57,560 jifhmu bażi 10, il hekk imsejħa sistema deċimali. 1111 00:48:57,560 --> 00:49:00,509 U lkoll f'din il-kamra count jużaw 0s permezz 9s. 1112 00:49:00,509 --> 00:49:03,300 Aħna qed tmur biex tara għada, fl aktar dettall, li tgħodd kompjuter 1113 00:49:03,300 --> 00:49:06,410 bl-użu biss 0s u 1s, l hekk imsejħa sistema binarja. 1114 00:49:06,410 --> 00:49:08,410 decimal-- Allura dec-- huwa 10. 1115 00:49:08,410 --> 00:49:09,980 binary-- Bi-- hija ta '2. 1116 00:49:09,980 --> 00:49:13,250 >> Jinstabx hemmhekk wkoll jibbażaw 64 għall li ma jkunx hemm, sa fejn naf jien, 1117 00:49:13,250 --> 00:49:14,340 kelma verament fancy. 1118 00:49:14,340 --> 00:49:19,030 Iżda dan ifisser li inti għandek mhux 0 u 1 jew 0 sa 9, 1119 00:49:19,030 --> 00:49:22,090 inti essenzjalment għandek 0 sa 64. 1120 00:49:22,090 --> 00:49:24,450 Imma inti tuża l-ittri f'dak taħlita. 1121 00:49:24,450 --> 00:49:28,750 U hekk aħna ser verament tara li l- mezzi li bihom kompjuters, per eżempju, 1122 00:49:28,750 --> 00:49:32,620 tehmeż fajls fl-email dawn days-- email, naturalment, 1123 00:49:32,620 --> 00:49:37,130 jista 'jkollhom immaġni fuq it-- forsi anke fajl movie ħoss jew. 1124 00:49:37,130 --> 00:49:38,630 Iżda email huwa biss test. 1125 00:49:38,630 --> 00:49:43,360 >> Jirriżulta li inti tista 'tirrappreżenta affarijiet simili mużika, u videos, 1126 00:49:43,360 --> 00:49:46,210 u stampi u simili bħala test bl-użu xi ħaġa 1127 00:49:46,210 --> 00:49:49,940 imsejħa bażi 64 fejn inti tuża mhux biss ittri lowercase, u b'ittri kbar 1128 00:49:49,940 --> 00:49:55,770 ittri, u numri, iżda ukoll il-karattru jenfasizzaw 1129 00:49:55,770 --> 00:49:58,030 u l mmejla fuq tastiera. 1130 00:49:58,030 --> 00:49:59,322 Allura aktar fuq li fil-ġejjieni. 1131 00:49:59,322 --> 00:50:00,780 Allura dan huwa biss jkollna verament kbir. 1132 00:50:00,780 --> 00:50:02,970 U issa, is-sigurtà riċerkatur, kif tista 'inti 1133 00:50:02,970 --> 00:50:06,327 tagħmel kodiċi jgħaddu saħansitra aktar sigura? 1134 00:50:06,327 --> 00:50:09,160 Aħna issa qed tuża ittri żgħar, ittri kbar, u n-numri. 1135 00:50:09,160 --> 00:50:11,118 U inti proposta, Rabat, ftit mument ago-- 1136 00:50:11,118 --> 00:50:12,890 UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1137 00:50:12,890 --> 00:50:14,140 DAVID Malan: Tikek huma simboli. 1138 00:50:14,140 --> 00:50:15,750 U issa, aħna qed verament ftit tip ta 'jkollna crazy. 1139 00:50:15,750 --> 00:50:17,900 Aħna qed tuża kollha ta 'l- ċwievet fuq it-tastiera. 1140 00:50:17,900 --> 00:50:21,080 U let me stima li hemm 128, jagħtu 1141 00:50:21,080 --> 00:50:23,990 jew jieħdu, il-possibilitajiet fuq tastiera tipiku, 1142 00:50:23,990 --> 00:50:25,490 jiddependi fuq il-lingwa tiegħek u bħal dawn. 1143 00:50:25,490 --> 00:50:27,140 U jista 'anke jkun hemm aktar minn dak. 1144 00:50:27,140 --> 00:50:31,090 >> Allura issa, ejja xorta jassumi li aħna qed biss bl-użu ta 'passcode 6 ċifri 1145 00:50:31,090 --> 00:50:33,900 u hu għalhekk li jien 6 ta 'dawk 128. 1146 00:50:33,900 --> 00:50:36,261 Ejja naraw jekk nistax jippronunzja dan issa. 1147 00:50:36,261 --> 00:50:36,760 Kull dritt. 1148 00:50:36,760 --> 00:50:42,370 Allura dak miljuni, billions-- erba quadrillion possibbiltajiet, 1149 00:50:42,370 --> 00:50:44,840 jekk I magħduda din il correctly-- erba quadrillion. 1150 00:50:44,840 --> 00:50:47,850 Let me check biss doppja, lest I jkunu jkabbar iż-żejjed sigurtà tagħna. 1151 00:50:47,850 --> 00:50:51,151 >> Allura dak mijiet ta 'eluf, millions-- sorry, triljuni. 1152 00:50:51,151 --> 00:50:52,900 I stmat iżżejjed minn Fattur ta 'elf. 1153 00:50:52,900 --> 00:50:54,350 Skużani. 1154 00:50:54,350 --> 00:50:56,480 4 triljun possibbiltajiet. 1155 00:50:56,480 --> 00:50:57,760 Allura dak aktar sigura, id-dritt? 1156 00:50:57,760 --> 00:51:02,530 Speċjalment meta bdejna din id-diskussjoni ma 1 minn 10,000 kodiċijiet possibbli. 1157 00:51:02,530 --> 00:51:04,200 Issa, aħna qed sa 4000000000000. 1158 00:51:04,200 --> 00:51:08,080 >> Issa, dan ma jfissirx li telefown huwa "sikur" jekk ikun 1159 00:51:08,080 --> 00:51:12,640 qed tuża passcode li hi ta '6 karattri twil, li kull wieħed minnhom 1160 00:51:12,640 --> 00:51:15,980 jista 'jkun hemm numru, jew ittra, jew xi simbolu funky fuq it-tastiera? 1161 00:51:15,980 --> 00:51:22,070 Huwa ta 'telefon jiżgura issa jekk dan ikun fil-fatt dak li l-persuna suspettata kienet tuża? 1162 00:51:22,070 --> 00:51:23,030 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1163 00:51:23,030 --> 00:51:23,780 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1164 00:51:23,780 --> 00:51:24,946 U li l-risposta perfetta. 1165 00:51:24,946 --> 00:51:28,210 Inti kondizzjonalment spjegat li sa standards-- raġonevoli 1166 00:51:28,210 --> 00:51:33,090 probabilistically, int mhux ser li jsibu rwieħhom dan phone ghaċ dalwaqt. 1167 00:51:33,090 --> 00:51:37,240 Madankollu hemm ċans, jekk żgħira chance-- waħda minn 4 trillion-- 1168 00:51:37,240 --> 00:51:40,450 li inti tista 'attwalment tikseb l twieġeb dritt fuq l-ewwel darba. 1169 00:51:40,450 --> 00:51:43,680 >> U r-realtà hija, ukoll, li jekk dan il suspettat huwa simili ħafna humans-- 1170 00:51:43,680 --> 00:51:45,930 probabbilment ħafna minna fil room-- tiegħu huwa probabbilment 1171 00:51:45,930 --> 00:51:50,620 ma jagħżlu xi password crazy ma simboli funky fuq il-muftieħ għaliex għaliex? 1172 00:51:50,620 --> 00:51:53,940 Ħafna minna ma tiftakarx xi ħaġa li hekk funky bħal dik. 1173 00:51:53,940 --> 00:51:58,590 U għalhekk huwa probabbilment forsi xi ħadd birthday, jew xi kelma, jew xi frażi, 1174 00:51:58,590 --> 00:52:00,550 jew xi ħaġa aktar memorabbli. 1175 00:52:00,550 --> 00:52:05,270 >> Allura huwa probabbilment lanqas bħala "sikur" kif jista 'jkun matematikament. 1176 00:52:05,270 --> 00:52:07,130 Għalhekk, fejn ma dan il-leave affarijiet? 1177 00:52:07,130 --> 00:52:11,490 Wieħed għad irid jara liema Apple se jaqblu li hawn. 1178 00:52:11,490 --> 00:52:15,480 Iżda ċertament għandu implikazzjonijiet b'mod aktar wiesa 'għas-soċjetà. 1179 00:52:15,480 --> 00:52:18,380 Iżda l-takeaways għal-lum huma mhux tant l-Legalities, 1180 00:52:18,380 --> 00:52:22,360 mhux tant l-etika, jew xi li, imma verament il-fehim ta 'x'inhu 1181 00:52:22,360 --> 00:52:23,340 attwalment għaddejjin. 1182 00:52:23,340 --> 00:52:25,880 >> U meta inti taqra xi ħaġa bħal dan li taħseb li inti stess, 1183 00:52:25,880 --> 00:52:28,520 huwa dan awtur biss bl-użu buzzwords, hemm attwalment 1184 00:52:28,520 --> 00:52:32,797 laħam teknika għal dan il-kumment, u dak li jista 'mmur u Google f'dan il-każ? 1185 00:52:32,797 --> 00:52:35,380 U fil-fatt, probabbilment wieħed mill- affarijiet aktar tekniċi fl hawn 1186 00:52:35,380 --> 00:52:39,850 kien dan jissemma RAM jew memorja, u li kien sempliċement għal, preżumibbilment, 1187 00:52:39,850 --> 00:52:43,450 il-kwistjoni legali li għalih jalludu. 1188 00:52:43,450 --> 00:52:45,500 >> A enklav sigura hija, Naħseb, Kareem, inti 1189 00:52:45,500 --> 00:52:48,310 imsemmi qabel din l-idea ta ' backoff esponenzjali, hekk li speak-- 1190 00:52:48,310 --> 00:52:49,768 jew Nressaq dawk il-kliem f'ħalqek. 1191 00:52:49,768 --> 00:52:51,410 U li l-karatteristika mhux fil dan phone. 1192 00:52:51,410 --> 00:52:54,600 Hija apparentement biss għandha id-dewmien 80 millisekonda 1193 00:52:54,600 --> 00:52:59,190 għalhekk ma teħżienx, u agħar, u agħar, matul iż-żmien. 1194 00:52:59,190 --> 00:52:59,760 Kull dritt. 1195 00:52:59,760 --> 00:53:01,828 Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet? 1196 00:53:01,828 --> 00:53:02,950 Yeah, Dan. 1197 00:53:02,950 --> 00:53:07,877 >> UDJENZA: Jekk inti ma mind me tistaqsi, fejn do inti toqgħod fuq il-kwistjoni? 1198 00:53:07,877 --> 00:53:09,960 DAVID Malan: Nixtieq ġenb, assolutament, ma 'Apple. 1199 00:53:09,960 --> 00:53:12,990 Naħseb matematika mhix xi ħaġa li għandek poke toqob fil. 1200 00:53:12,990 --> 00:53:17,700 U naħseb li l-realtà hija, kif anke dan l-artikolu tiċċita, 1201 00:53:17,700 --> 00:53:20,620 inti tista poke toqob fil-iPhone, inti tista poke toqob fil-Android, 1202 00:53:20,620 --> 00:53:22,770 imma se jkun hemm dejjem jkun hemm xi alternattiva 1203 00:53:22,770 --> 00:53:25,320 li partikolarment avversarju intelliġenti jistgħu jużaw. 1204 00:53:25,320 --> 00:53:27,960 >> Allura dawn it-tipi ta 'miżuri verament ftit jipproteġi lilna 1205 00:53:27,960 --> 00:53:32,340 kontra l dummies-- l-inqas avversarji, li għandu valur, 1206 00:53:32,340 --> 00:53:34,150 iżda r-realtà hija determinat avversarju 1207 00:53:34,150 --> 00:53:38,250 se assolutament żżomm encrypting tiegħu jew data tagħha minn xi mekkaniżmu ieħor, 1208 00:53:38,250 --> 00:53:40,887 jekk huwa permezz ta 'mowbajl applikazzjoni, l-applikazzjoni desktop. 1209 00:53:40,887 --> 00:53:42,720 Naħseb li dan huwa inevitabbli, u jien ukoll think 1210 00:53:42,720 --> 00:53:44,937 din hija ħaġa tajba bħala kwistjoni ta 'prinċipju. 1211 00:53:44,937 --> 00:53:49,807 >> UDJENZA: mistoqsija tiegħi hija, fil -aħħar tal-ġurnata, [inaudible] 1212 00:53:49,807 --> 00:53:52,250 hemm il-Guy wieħed li tista 'aċċess kollox. 1213 00:53:52,250 --> 00:53:53,360 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1214 00:53:53,360 --> 00:53:55,624 >> UDJENZA: Allura huwa faċli għall FBI [inaudible] 1215 00:53:55,624 --> 00:54:01,340 jew xi ħadd ieħor flok kumpaniji oħra [inaudible]? 1216 00:54:01,340 --> 00:54:02,260 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1217 00:54:02,260 --> 00:54:04,770 U naħseb, speċjalment fl dan il-pajjiż, għall-inqas meta 1218 00:54:04,770 --> 00:54:08,840 kien hemm l-rivelazzjonijiet reċenti dwar kemm safejn l-NSA għandha 1219 00:54:08,840 --> 00:54:12,910 ilu għaddej li jien, speċjalment illum, ma jixtrux l-argument li aħna ser biss 1220 00:54:12,910 --> 00:54:15,284 użu minnha f'dan il-każ partikolari. 1221 00:54:15,284 --> 00:54:16,700 Naħseb li jistabbilixxi preċedent ħażina. 1222 00:54:16,700 --> 00:54:22,150 >> U diġà, hemm fundamentali paranojja għandu jkollna. 1223 00:54:22,150 --> 00:54:25,900 Lkoll, bħal chumps, jekk inti ser, mixi madwar 1224 00:54:25,900 --> 00:54:32,370 bil-kameras, u mikrofoni, u GPS reazzjoni fil-bwiet tagħna, volontarjament, 1225 00:54:32,370 --> 00:54:36,830 javżak xi ħadd potenzjalment, anke jekk huwa biss Apple jew eżatt Google, 1226 00:54:36,830 --> 00:54:38,560 fejn ninsabu fil-ħinijiet kollha. 1227 00:54:38,560 --> 00:54:41,900 U hemm verament xejn waqfien Tuffieħ jew xi inġinier malizzjużi 1228 00:54:41,900 --> 00:54:46,420 fil Apple minn b'xi inkorporazzjoni fi IOS karatteristika li 1229 00:54:46,420 --> 00:54:52,030 dawriet biss fuq mikrofonu David Malan tal 24/7, u tibgħat dik id-dejta sa Apple. 1230 00:54:52,030 --> 00:54:54,800 >> U fil-fatt, formazzjoni interessanti nota tal-ġenb hawn din il 1231 00:54:54,800 --> 00:54:57,270 huwa tip ta tip ta diāà jiġri bħala "karatteristika." 1232 00:54:57,270 --> 00:55:02,670 Jekk inti taqra l-aħbarijiet madwar sena ilu, Samsung beda, ġustament hekk, 1233 00:55:02,670 --> 00:55:06,142 biex jieħdu xi flak fl-istampa għaliex huma għandhom dawn "televiżjonijiet intelliġenti," fejn 1234 00:55:06,142 --> 00:55:08,100 bħala l-aħjar I tista 'tgħid "intelliġenti TV "verament ifisser biss 1235 00:55:08,100 --> 00:55:09,680 "TV ma user interface ħażina." 1236 00:55:09,680 --> 00:55:12,910 Iżda "TV intelliġenti," bħala funzjoni ta 'hardware, tipikament 1237 00:55:12,910 --> 00:55:15,850 għandha mikrofonu u kamera dawn il-jiem. 1238 00:55:15,850 --> 00:55:16,360 U għaliex? 1239 00:55:16,360 --> 00:55:19,434 Għaliex ma TV bżonn mikrofonu jew kamera? 1240 00:55:19,434 --> 00:55:20,360 >> UDJENZA: Skype. 1241 00:55:20,360 --> 00:55:22,302 >> DAVID Malan: Skype, li huwa raġonevoli jekk inti 1242 00:55:22,302 --> 00:55:25,260 jridu jużawh fil-kamra tal-konferenzi jew id-dar għall-video conferencing-- 1243 00:55:25,260 --> 00:55:26,610 pjuttost raġonevoli, pjuttost konvinċenti. 1244 00:55:26,610 --> 00:55:27,770 >> UDJENZA: Voice jikkmanda. 1245 00:55:27,770 --> 00:55:28,760 >> DAVID Malan: Vuċi commands-- jekk inti tixtieq 1246 00:55:28,760 --> 00:55:31,780 ngħid kanal bidla, ibaxxu volum, iqajmu volum, itfi. 1247 00:55:31,780 --> 00:55:35,390 Li mhux irraġonevoli, a la Siri, u Google Issa, u bħal dawn. 1248 00:55:35,390 --> 00:55:36,280 Għaliex inkella? 1249 00:55:36,280 --> 00:55:38,281 >> UDJENZA: Biex spy fuqek. 1250 00:55:38,281 --> 00:55:39,030 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1251 00:55:39,030 --> 00:55:42,080 Allura dak hu l- paranojde fil magħna jista 'jgħid. 1252 00:55:42,080 --> 00:55:45,990 U r-realtà hija, jekk minn bug jew intenzjoni deliberata, 1253 00:55:45,990 --> 00:55:47,380 dan huwa assolutament possibbli. 1254 00:55:47,380 --> 00:55:48,600 Ejja jagħtihom xi kreditu. 1255 00:55:48,600 --> 00:55:51,610 1256 00:55:51,610 --> 00:55:54,260 Għaliex jista inti, bħala utent, fil-fatt jridu camera fil TV-- tiegħek 1257 00:55:54,260 --> 00:55:55,940 jew x'inhu l-karatteristika propost hemmhekk? 1258 00:55:55,940 --> 00:55:59,480 1259 00:55:59,480 --> 00:56:01,990 Għaliex hemm kamera fil-kamra tiegħek jgħixu 1260 00:56:01,990 --> 00:56:04,480 jew fil kamra tas-sodda tiegħek tluq stabbiliti fi inti all-- 1261 00:56:04,480 --> 00:56:06,084 >> UDJENZA: Sigurtà [inaudible]. 1262 00:56:06,084 --> 00:56:06,750 DAVID Malan: OK. 1263 00:56:06,750 --> 00:56:08,570 Sigurtà. 1264 00:56:08,570 --> 00:56:09,620 Inti jista 'jargumenta li. 1265 00:56:09,620 --> 00:56:12,180 F'dan il-każ, mhuwiex tant l-televiżjonijiet tal-konsumatur 1266 00:56:12,180 --> 00:56:13,800 li huma fin-negozju ta 'sigurtà. 1267 00:56:13,800 --> 00:56:17,550 F'dan il-każ huwa, għaliex ta '[inaudible] karatteristika. 1268 00:56:17,550 --> 00:56:20,267 Għaliex hemm camera fil TV? 1269 00:56:20,267 --> 00:56:22,100 UDJENZA: Logħob tal-kompjuter iskoperta [inaudible]. 1270 00:56:22,100 --> 00:56:23,080 DAVID Malan: OK. 1271 00:56:23,080 --> 00:56:23,710 Yeah. 1272 00:56:23,710 --> 00:56:24,330 Eqreb. 1273 00:56:24,330 --> 00:56:27,120 U xi televiżjonijiet probabbilment jagħmlu that-- bnew fil-logħob. 1274 00:56:27,120 --> 00:56:29,884 This-- u jien franchement naħseb huwa ftit kontroll ġest stupid--. 1275 00:56:29,884 --> 00:56:31,800 Naħseb stupid safejn kif I do not really think 1276 00:56:31,800 --> 00:56:34,940 aħna qed wasalniex fejn aħna qed jgħixu fil-Jetsons fejn hija biss taħdem. 1277 00:56:34,940 --> 00:56:38,160 Issa, naħseb li inti probabilment look like idjota tiegħek TV meta din ma taħdimx. 1278 00:56:38,160 --> 00:56:41,110 >> Iżda kontroll ġest, fejn -dinja hija jkollna aħjar, 1279 00:56:41,110 --> 00:56:44,650 inkrementazzjoni a la Xbox Kinect, jekk int familjari mas-sistema video game, 1280 00:56:44,650 --> 00:56:45,860 jkunu kapaċi li jikxfu mozzjoni. 1281 00:56:45,860 --> 00:56:48,610 Allura forsi dan ifisser ibaxxu l- volum, dan ifisser jgħollu l-volum, 1282 00:56:48,610 --> 00:56:51,140 forsi dan ifisser swipe xellug għall-bidla kanal, swipe dritt 1283 00:56:51,140 --> 00:56:52,180 għall-bidla kanali. 1284 00:56:52,180 --> 00:56:55,000 >> Din hija waħda mill-reasons-- din il hija r-raġuni allegat li dawn 1285 00:56:55,000 --> 00:56:56,000 għandhom il-ħaġa fil hemm. 1286 00:56:56,000 --> 00:56:58,572 Imma dak Samsung ħa xi flak għal ftit xhur ilu 1287 00:56:58,572 --> 00:57:01,280 kien li jekk inti taqra l-privatezza tagħhom politika, li l-ebda waħda mill-kors 1288 00:57:01,280 --> 00:57:05,000 se jagħmlu, huma jinkoraġġixxu inti fil-politika tal-privatezza tagħhom 1289 00:57:05,000 --> 00:57:08,410 li ma jkollhom konversazzjonijiet privati fil-viċinanza tat-TV tiegħek. 1290 00:57:08,410 --> 00:57:09,980 >> [Rires] 1291 00:57:09,980 --> 00:57:12,500 >> U aħna tidħaq, iżda bħal huwa attwalment hemmhekk. 1292 00:57:12,500 --> 00:57:15,440 U dan huwa minħabba sabiex biex jimplimentaw din il-karatteristika, 1293 00:57:15,440 --> 00:57:17,320 l-TV huwa dejjem smigħ. 1294 00:57:17,320 --> 00:57:19,810 Trid be-- jew huwa dejjem jaraw. 1295 00:57:19,810 --> 00:57:22,900 U anki jekk ikollok xi mekkaniżmu ta 'difiża fil place-- 1296 00:57:22,900 --> 00:57:26,360 tip simili Siri fejn għandek ngħid, ħej, Siri, jew OK, Google, 1297 00:57:26,360 --> 00:57:31,050 jew whatever-- l-TV għad għandha li tkun qed tisma 24/7 għalik 1298 00:57:31,050 --> 00:57:33,920 ngħid, ħej, Siri, jew OK, Google. 1299 00:57:33,920 --> 00:57:36,350 Hekk nisperaw, thats kollha joqogħdu lokali. 1300 00:57:36,350 --> 00:57:39,570 U hemm l-ebda raġuni teknika għala hija ma setgħetx toqgħod lokali, softwer 1301 00:57:39,570 --> 00:57:40,580 aġġornamenti annullata. 1302 00:57:40,580 --> 00:57:42,790 >> Iżda fir-realtà, ħafna spiss, Siri u Google 1303 00:57:42,790 --> 00:57:45,849 huma lkoll tibgħat dawn data lill-sħaba, 1304 00:57:45,849 --> 00:57:48,140 biex ngħidu hekk, fejn dawn jiksbu ipproċessati hemmhekk billi aktar intelliġenti, 1305 00:57:48,140 --> 00:57:52,280 kompjuters aktar mgħaġġel, aġġornati kontinwament, u mbagħad tibgħat t-tweġibiet lura stabbiliti 1306 00:57:52,280 --> 00:57:54,600 għall-TV. 1307 00:57:54,600 --> 00:57:59,730 Oh u l-ħaġa gost here-- ħadna ħarsa lejn din għal klassi oħra ngħallem. 1308 00:57:59,730 --> 00:58:01,760 Aħna ser tara dan ftit aktar tard illum. 1309 00:58:01,760 --> 00:58:05,420 >> Hemm xi ħaġa fid-dinja imsejħa sigurtà u l-encryption, li 1310 00:58:05,420 --> 00:58:06,670 aħna qed jkollna għad-dritt issa. 1311 00:58:06,670 --> 00:58:11,710 U fit-teorija, hemm xi ħaġa imsejjaħ HTTP u HTTPS, din tal-aħħar li 1312 00:58:11,710 --> 00:58:12,310 huwa sikur. 1313 00:58:12,310 --> 00:58:13,790 Il S hija għas-Sigurtà u aħna ser terga 'lura għal dan. 1314 00:58:13,790 --> 00:58:15,498 U allura dawn joperaw fuq xi ħaġa imsejħa 1315 00:58:15,498 --> 00:58:19,510 portijiet differenti, numeriku differenti Valuri ġewwa ta 'ifisser kompjuter 1316 00:58:19,510 --> 00:58:21,520 jekk dan ikun sigur jew mhux sigura tipikament. 1317 00:58:21,520 --> 00:58:26,890 >> Samsung, jiena nemmen, f'dan il-każ, kien permezz tal- "port sikur," biex ngħidu hekk. 1318 00:58:26,890 --> 00:58:29,170 Huma kienu jużaw il- jiżgura l-indirizz, iżda dawn 1319 00:58:29,170 --> 00:58:31,420 kienu tużaha biex jibagħtu data encrypted. 1320 00:58:31,420 --> 00:58:35,000 Allura xi riċerkaturi sigurtà essenzjalment imqabbad apparat għat-TV tagħhom 1321 00:58:35,000 --> 00:58:37,800 u realizzati meta Tkellem jikkmanda għat-TV tagħhom, 1322 00:58:37,800 --> 00:58:41,740 din kienet qed tiġi tittella l sħaba permezz tal-kanal korrett, 1323 00:58:41,740 --> 00:58:44,500 biex ngħidu hekk, iżda kompletament unencrypted, li 1324 00:58:44,500 --> 00:58:48,250 ħadd fisser fil-viċinanza jew xi ħadd fuq l-internet bejn il-punti A u B 1325 00:58:48,250 --> 00:58:50,830 jista 'jkun jaraw u jisimgħu biex jikkmanda vuċi tiegħek 1326 00:58:50,830 --> 00:58:53,110 mill-kamra tiegħek jgħixu jew tas-sodda tiegħek. 1327 00:58:53,110 --> 00:58:56,710 >> Allura hemm ukoll, mhux biss aħna vulnerabbli potenzjalment għall maliciousness, ukoll 1328 00:58:56,710 --> 00:58:59,680 biss stupidity u bugs, f'dan il-każ. 1329 00:58:59,680 --> 00:59:01,840 Allura dawn huma t-tipi ta 'affarijiet li jkunu ware. 1330 00:59:01,840 --> 00:59:03,925 U għal darb'oħra, l-għanijiet għal-lum u għada 1331 00:59:03,925 --> 00:59:06,300 għandhom jifhmu mhux bilfors kif inti jimplimentaw 1332 00:59:06,300 --> 00:59:08,860 li taħtha il-barnuża, iżda biss raġuni lura, 1333 00:59:08,860 --> 00:59:12,400 jekk it-TV tiegħi qed twieġeb għal kontroll ġest u kliem tiegħi, 1334 00:59:12,400 --> 00:59:15,220 Jien guessing TV tiegħi huwa mhux hekk sofistikati 1335 00:59:15,220 --> 00:59:17,630 mod li jkollhom l kollu Ingliż jew Spanjol kollu 1336 00:59:17,630 --> 00:59:21,540 jew kwalunkwe lingwa nitkellem dizzjunarju mibnija fih aġġornata b'mod kostanti. 1337 00:59:21,540 --> 00:59:23,830 Huwa probabbilment aktar faċli biss li jibagħtu dawk jikkmanda up 1338 00:59:23,830 --> 00:59:26,870 għal xi server-- Google, jew Tuffieħ, jew Samsung, jew espressjonijiet simili. 1339 00:59:26,870 --> 00:59:28,810 U fil-fatt, dan huwa dak l- tipikament jiġri. 1340 00:59:28,810 --> 00:59:34,580 Allura mind dak li tgħid quddiem TVs tiegħek tibda tonight forsi. 1341 00:59:34,580 --> 00:59:35,290 >> Kull dritt. 1342 00:59:35,290 --> 00:59:38,900 Allura li twassalna mbagħad għall-kriptaġġ bil-ħarsa aktar tekniku. 1343 00:59:38,900 --> 00:59:42,300 U aħna mhux se jmorru wisq fil-fond adsa fis dan, iżda dan l-artikolu ħarisna lejn 1344 00:59:42,300 --> 00:59:45,770 ma jsemmi xi ħaġa imsejħa AES-- Advanced Encryption 1345 00:59:45,770 --> 00:59:47,640 Standard, huwa dak li tirrappreżenta. 1346 00:59:47,640 --> 00:59:53,361 U għamel aċċenn ta 'xi ħaġa mmerraq, 256-bit AES key-- sigrieti ewlenin. 1347 00:59:53,361 --> 00:59:55,985 U jien ser biss pull up jekk int kurjużi biex tara fejn kien. 1348 00:59:55,985 --> 01:00:01,500 Kien fl the-- Kif Would jagħmlu dan. 1349 01:00:01,500 --> 01:00:05,670 Allura x'imkien ġewwa ta ' iPhone u telefon Android, 1350 01:00:05,670 --> 01:00:09,010 preżumibbilment, huwa xi tip ta 'sigrieti ewlenin. 1351 01:00:09,010 --> 01:00:12,630 U huwa dan il-sigrieti ewlenin li jżomm sigur tad-data. 1352 01:00:12,630 --> 01:00:15,780 >> U fil-fatt, ikollu kwalunkwe inti u iPhones tiegħek qatt marret 1353 01:00:15,780 --> 01:00:22,180 li Settings-- naħseb, Settings, forsi ġenerali, u mbagħad iħassar iPhone? 1354 01:00:22,180 --> 01:00:23,430 Huwa x'imkien taħt Settings. 1355 01:00:23,430 --> 01:00:25,950 Inti tista 'tħassar tiegħek iPhone, u dan jgħidlek 1356 01:00:25,950 --> 01:00:27,910 li int ser iħassarha sikur. 1357 01:00:27,910 --> 01:00:32,465 U dak ma jfisser, tipikament, sabiex tħassar telefon jew kompjuter sikur? 1358 01:00:32,465 --> 01:00:34,779 1359 01:00:34,779 --> 01:00:37,570 U fil-fatt, let me ara jekk nista jagħtuk biss screenshot malajr. 1360 01:00:37,570 --> 01:00:38,653 Nistgħu probabbilment ssib dan. 1361 01:00:38,653 --> 01:00:42,700 Allura, iphone tħassar sikur iffissar screenshot. 1362 01:00:42,700 --> 01:00:45,285 Ejja naraw jekk nistgħu biss issib ritratt malajr. 1363 01:00:45,285 --> 01:00:48,070 1364 01:00:48,070 --> 01:00:50,500 Iħassar data-- thats not-- huwa hawnhekk. 1365 01:00:50,500 --> 01:00:53,042 >> Allura dan huwa l-iskrin I kienet taħseb ta '. 1366 01:00:53,042 --> 01:00:54,750 Tista 'ġeneralment, fuq iPhone, jinnavigaw 1367 01:00:54,750 --> 01:00:56,680 għal screen li tidher bħal dan. 1368 01:00:56,680 --> 01:00:59,730 U Iħassar Kollha Kontenut u Settings-- jekk tikklikkja dan, hija jgħidlek huwa 1369 01:00:59,730 --> 01:01:00,730 se tagħmel dan b'mod sikur. 1370 01:01:00,730 --> 01:01:04,881 X'tagħmel sikur jfisser fil-telefon jew kompjuter? 1371 01:01:04,881 --> 01:01:05,380 Ben? 1372 01:01:05,380 --> 01:01:08,890 >> UDJENZA: B'mod li diffiċli li imbagħad mur lura u attwalment jsibuha. 1373 01:01:08,890 --> 01:01:09,640 DAVID Malan: Tajba. 1374 01:01:09,640 --> 01:01:12,780 Dan b'mod li diffiċli li jmorru lura u ssib dak li inti stajt mħassra. 1375 01:01:12,780 --> 01:01:15,430 Allura tħassir huwa verament ifisser tħassir minnha. 1376 01:01:15,430 --> 01:01:18,330 U l-industrija ma għandhom storja tajba ma 'dan. 1377 01:01:18,330 --> 01:01:21,400 >> Lura fil-ġurnata, ħafna minna probabbilment kellha PCs f'xi forma. 1378 01:01:21,400 --> 01:01:22,640 Xi wħud minnkom xorta tista '. 1379 01:01:22,640 --> 01:01:27,230 Lura fil-ġurnata, meta aħna xorta kellhom floppy disks u ċerti mezzi oħra, 1380 01:01:27,230 --> 01:01:31,730 kien komuni ħafna li tmexxi format kmand, jew kmand tħassar, 1381 01:01:31,730 --> 01:01:35,010 jew kmand partizzjoni, li huma kollha ġeneralment relatati mal jkollna 1382 01:01:35,010 --> 01:01:37,750 a drive-- disk lest għall-użu. 1383 01:01:37,750 --> 01:01:42,520 >> U lura fil-ġurnata, I jistgħu saħansitra Ħares issa, 1384 01:01:42,520 --> 01:01:46,100 l DOS-- jekk int familjari, il- command-- il pront iswed u abjad 1385 01:01:46,100 --> 01:01:49,560 fil Windows-- jew saħansitra qabel Windows-- kieku Yell fi inti fil-kapital kollu 1386 01:01:49,560 --> 01:01:54,780 ittri, id-data kollha se jiġu meqruda jew Id-data kollha SE JKUNU ERASED-- jimteddu komplet. 1387 01:01:54,780 --> 01:01:58,370 Kienet kompleta teknika u jimteddu attwali għaliex, tipikament, 1388 01:01:58,370 --> 01:02:01,260 dak kompjuter does-- anke dan il-jum fl-aktar f'kuntesti huwa 1389 01:02:01,260 --> 01:02:04,300 li meta inti drag fajl lill bin riċiklu tiegħek jew biex Trash tiegħek 1390 01:02:04,300 --> 01:02:08,500 tista 'fuq Mac OS, jew Windows, jew dak not-- aħna lkoll probabilment taf li hija għandha ma 1391 01:02:08,500 --> 01:02:09,950 attwalment ġew imħassra għadhom, id-dritt? 1392 01:02:09,950 --> 01:02:13,807 Inti għandek biex fil-fatt jagħmlu dak li attwalment tħassar fajl? 1393 01:02:13,807 --> 01:02:14,890 UDJENZA: Battal-Trash. 1394 01:02:14,890 --> 01:02:17,050 DAVID Malan: Inti għandek biex jitbattlu l- Trash jistgħu jew vojta l-bin riċiklu. 1395 01:02:17,050 --> 01:02:19,437 Imxejna ġiet mgħallma dak kollu li, u dak l-mudell mentali 1396 01:02:19,437 --> 01:02:20,520 għandna fid-dinja reali. 1397 01:02:20,520 --> 01:02:21,880 Dan huwa wkoll gidba. 1398 01:02:21,880 --> 01:02:25,140 Kważi dejjem, fil-kontumaċja dawn ġranet, meta inti vojta Trash tiegħek 1399 01:02:25,140 --> 01:02:27,890 jew vojta bin riċiklu tiegħek, anke billi tmur l-menu option lemin, 1400 01:02:27,890 --> 01:02:31,550 jew tikklikkja dritt, jew tikklikkja Kontroll u wara intwizzjoni bniedem tajjeb, 1401 01:02:31,550 --> 01:02:32,500 huwa gidba. 1402 01:02:32,500 --> 01:02:36,730 >> Kollha l-kompjuter qed tagħmel huwa "jinsa" fajl tiegħek. 1403 01:02:36,730 --> 01:02:38,830 Fi kliem ieħor, x'imkien ġewwa tal-kompjuter tiegħek, 1404 01:02:38,830 --> 01:02:41,000 inti tista 'taħseb hemmhekk bħala tkun a big iqarrqu folja, 1405 01:02:41,000 --> 01:02:44,780 fajl Excel kbar, big tabella ma ringieli u kolonni 1406 01:02:44,780 --> 01:02:49,580 li tgħid fajl imsejjaħ resume.doc Huwa fuq dan il-post fuq hard drive tiegħi, 1407 01:02:49,580 --> 01:02:53,040 u fajl imsejjaħ friends.text Huwa f'dan il-lokalità, 1408 01:02:53,040 --> 01:02:56,780 u profilephoto.jpeg huwa fil dan il-post fil-hard drive tiegħi. 1409 01:02:56,780 --> 01:02:59,890 >> mazz hekk sħiħ ta 'names-- fajl mazz sħiħ ta 'postijiet fiżiċi 1410 01:02:59,890 --> 01:03:01,160 ġewwa tal-kompjuter tiegħek. 1411 01:03:01,160 --> 01:03:04,900 U meta kompjuter "erases" fajl, tipikament kollox ma 1412 01:03:04,900 --> 01:03:07,510 huwa jħassar dan ringiela jew slaleb li l-. 1413 01:03:07,510 --> 01:03:09,540 Hija tħalli l-fajl fuq id-diska. 1414 01:03:09,540 --> 01:03:10,857 Hija biss jinsa fejn hu. 1415 01:03:10,857 --> 01:03:13,190 U li utli għaliex jekk huwa minsija fejn hi, 1416 01:03:13,190 --> 01:03:15,730 hija tista 'użu mill-ġdid dak l-ispazju aktar tard. 1417 01:03:15,730 --> 01:03:17,480 Hija tista 'biss jitqiegħed ieħor fajl fuq quċċata ta 'dan. 1418 01:03:17,480 --> 01:03:19,479 U għada darb'oħra, aħna ser jitkellmu dwar 0s u 1s-- 1419 01:03:19,479 --> 01:03:21,900 li ifisser biss li qed jinbidlu xi 0s għall 1s, xi 1s għall 0s, 1420 01:03:21,900 --> 01:03:26,840 li jħallu xi alone-- iżda ġeneralment, tirrikostitwixxi fajl barra ta 'bits, 0s 1421 01:03:26,840 --> 01:03:28,010 u 1s. 1422 01:03:28,010 --> 01:03:30,390 >> Allura dak li huwa dan il-fatt jagħmlu? 1423 01:03:30,390 --> 01:03:34,410 B'xorti tajba, fil-każ IOS s, peress Apple attwalment huwa pjuttost tajba fil sigurtà, 1424 01:03:34,410 --> 01:03:38,340 anke fuq Mac OS, tħassir tiegħek fajls fil-fatt jagħmlu dan b'mod sikur. 1425 01:03:38,340 --> 01:03:39,010 Imma kif? 1426 01:03:39,010 --> 01:03:42,520 Ukoll fil Mac OS u Windows, jekk inti għandek l-software dritt, 1427 01:03:42,520 --> 01:03:45,750 dak li will-- sabiex iħassar xi ħaġa sikur 1428 01:03:45,750 --> 01:03:47,532 ma jkollu xi tifsira teknika. 1429 01:03:47,532 --> 01:03:49,990 U għal darb'oħra, aħna ser terga 'lura għal din il f'aktar dettall għada. 1430 01:03:49,990 --> 01:03:53,000 >> Iżda biex tħassar fajl sikur ma jfissirx tagħmel xi ħaġa biex dan 1431 01:03:53,000 --> 01:03:54,121 għalhekk ma jistgħux jiġu rkuprati. 1432 01:03:54,121 --> 01:03:55,120 Imma dak ma jfisser? 1433 01:03:55,120 --> 01:03:58,440 Ukoll, jekk fajl, għal skopijiet tal-lum, hija rappreżentata bil 0s u 1s 1434 01:03:58,440 --> 01:04:00,680 somehow-- Għandi l-ebda idea kif, aktar fuq li għada. 1435 01:04:00,680 --> 01:04:04,270 Iżda 0s u 1s---triq inti tħassar fajl sikur 1436 01:04:04,270 --> 01:04:08,350 huwa inti forsi bidla kollha ta ' dawk 0s u 1s għal ftit 0s kollha 1437 01:04:08,350 --> 01:04:13,060 jew sempliċiment l-1s-- biss ġirja up kompletament każwali 1438 01:04:13,060 --> 01:04:16,170 b'tali mod li jekk xi ħadd wara dan jistenna lejn dawk 0s u 1s, huwa bla sens. 1439 01:04:16,170 --> 01:04:18,378 U dan mhux rekuperabbli għaliex inti ma kien saltwarjament, 1440 01:04:18,378 --> 01:04:20,730 jew inti magħmula minnhom 0 kollox jew kollu 1 ta. 1441 01:04:20,730 --> 01:04:22,540 >> Li mhux verament dak Apple ma. 1442 01:04:22,540 --> 01:04:24,940 Minħabba li jirriżulta meta inti mħassra iPhone tiegħek, 1443 01:04:24,940 --> 01:04:26,980 dan ma jieħux kollu dik twila. 1444 01:04:26,980 --> 01:04:31,560 Le, fil-fatt, jekk inti tħassar kompjuter hard drive, jista 'jieħu siegħa, 1445 01:04:31,560 --> 01:04:35,990 jista 'jieħu tlett ijiem sa litteralment bidla kull 0 u 1 1446 01:04:35,990 --> 01:04:36,889 għal xi valur ieħor. 1447 01:04:36,889 --> 01:04:38,930 Hemm biss ta 'lott ta' bits dawn il-ġranet, speċjalment 1448 01:04:38,930 --> 01:04:40,580 jekk ikollok xi hard drive li l-terabyte waħda, 1449 01:04:40,580 --> 01:04:43,121 hekk li speak-- erba terrabytes-- se jieħu żmien twil verament. 1450 01:04:43,121 --> 01:04:46,050 Iżda Apple ma dan fi ftit seconds-- forsi ftit minuti, 1451 01:04:46,050 --> 01:04:48,610 iżda raġonevolment malajr. 1452 01:04:48,610 --> 01:04:49,530 >> Issa, għaliex huwa li? 1453 01:04:49,530 --> 01:04:51,220 Dan kollu relatat mal-istess diskussjoni. 1454 01:04:51,220 --> 01:04:55,230 Apple, awtomatikament, iżomm dan kollu id-data dwar encrypted-- mobile tiegħek 1455 01:04:55,230 --> 01:04:57,480 scrambled b'xi mod. 1456 01:04:57,480 --> 01:05:00,550 U dan biex tħassar telefon, inti ma neċessarjament 1457 01:05:00,550 --> 01:05:03,850 ikollhom jibdlu l data-- minħabba li l-prinċipju ġenerali 1458 01:05:03,850 --> 01:05:05,970 tal encryption-- l-arti ta 'informazzjoni scrambling 1459 01:05:05,970 --> 01:05:08,540 jew kriptografija bħala l- xjenza nnifisha hija magħrufa, 1460 01:05:08,540 --> 01:05:13,570 hija li biex avversarju tħares lejn id-data encrypted, 1461 01:05:13,570 --> 01:05:18,210 din għandha tħares random-- hu jew hi għandu ma jkunux jistgħu glean xi għarfien. 1462 01:05:18,210 --> 01:05:21,660 Huma m'għandhomx ikunu kapaċi li realize-- din il-persuna tidher li jużaw il-kelma "il-" 1463 01:05:21,660 --> 01:05:22,160 ħafna. 1464 01:05:22,160 --> 01:05:24,860 Sempliċiment għax nara xi mudell emerġenti mill-ġdid u again-- 1465 01:05:24,860 --> 01:05:29,100 din għandha tħares kompletament bl-addoċċ statistikament għal avversarju. 1466 01:05:29,100 --> 01:05:33,560 >> Allura billi li l-loġika, meta Apple tippermetti inti litħassar kontenut kollu fil-settings, 1467 01:05:33,560 --> 01:05:37,310 id-data li diġà jistenna każwali lil xi persuna fit-toroq li 1468 01:05:37,310 --> 01:05:39,290 tista 'tħares lejn id-data tat-telefon tiegħek. 1469 01:05:39,290 --> 01:05:41,480 Sabiex dawn ma jkollhom jibdlu d-data tiegħek. 1470 01:05:41,480 --> 01:05:45,577 Kull ma għandek tagħmel biex iħassar tiegħek telefown huwa do x'taħseb? 1471 01:05:45,577 --> 01:05:47,410 UDJENZA: [inaudible] kodiċi tiegħek b'mod żbaljat. 1472 01:05:47,410 --> 01:05:47,630 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1473 01:05:47,630 --> 01:05:48,870 Ukoll, inti tista 'do-- iva. 1474 01:05:48,870 --> 01:05:54,210 Fiżikament, dawn jistgħu biss tip tiegħek kodiċi fil-7 7 7 7, 10 darbiet żbaljat. 1475 01:05:54,210 --> 01:05:57,980 Iżda, inti tista 'sempliċement tinsa l-sigrieti ewlenin. 1476 01:05:57,980 --> 01:06:02,620 Allura encryption hija kollha dwar wara, ġeneralment, xi sigrieti. 1477 01:06:02,620 --> 01:06:05,457 >> Tant bħal inti ma tistax tikseb fis- kaxxa-forti bank mingħajr kombinazzjoni, 1478 01:06:05,457 --> 01:06:08,290 ferm simili inti ma tistax tikseb fis tiegħek bieb ta 'quddiem mingħajr ewlieni fiżika, 1479 01:06:08,290 --> 01:06:10,206 inti ma tistax tikseb fis tiegħek kamra ta 'lukanda mingħajr ma wieħed 1480 01:06:10,206 --> 01:06:14,390 ta 'dawk kards manjetiċi jew tali, fit-teorija, 1481 01:06:14,390 --> 01:06:17,810 hemm xi ħaġa xi ħaġa speċjali li biss taf jew għandek li 1482 01:06:17,810 --> 01:06:19,564 jippermettilek aċċess għal xi riżorsi sigur. 1483 01:06:19,564 --> 01:06:21,730 Fil-każ tal-mobile tieghek, huwa l-kodiċi b'erba ċifri. 1484 01:06:21,730 --> 01:06:23,620 Fil-każ ta 'lukanda tiegħek, huwa l-muftieħ karta ftit. 1485 01:06:23,620 --> 01:06:25,680 Fil-każ tad-dar tiegħek, huwa l-muftieħ fiżiku. 1486 01:06:25,680 --> 01:06:27,650 Kull numru ta 'affarijiet jista' jkun ċavetta. 1487 01:06:27,650 --> 01:06:30,520 >> Iżda fil-kompjuters, huwa kważi dejjem numru, fejn 1488 01:06:30,520 --> 01:06:32,260 numru huwa biss sekwenza ta 'bits. 1489 01:06:32,260 --> 01:06:35,460 U għal darb'oħra, ftit huwa biss 0 jew 1, iżda aktar fuq li għada. 1490 01:06:35,460 --> 01:06:42,840 Allura meta Apple pretensjonijiet li għandhom jiġu jużaw 256-bit AES sigriet ewlieni. 1491 01:06:42,840 --> 01:06:47,120 Dak ifisser biss li l-sigrieti ġewwa prinċipali tal-kompjuter tiegħek 1492 01:06:47,120 --> 01:06:50,260 hija xi ħaġa simili 1011001100000. 1493 01:06:50,260 --> 01:06:53,480 >> Jien biss tagħmel dan up bħala immorru, u jien mhux se jolqot 1494 01:06:53,480 --> 01:06:57,680 kitba 256 0s possibbli u 1s. 1495 01:06:57,680 --> 01:07:01,660 U aħna ser tara għada kif dan il mapep għal numru attwali. 1496 01:07:01,660 --> 01:07:04,620 Iżda għal issa, biss jafu huwa mudell verament twila ta 0s u 1s. 1497 01:07:04,620 --> 01:07:08,780 U li secret-- dan huwa simili tassew big ewlenija karta manjetiċi għall-lukanda tiegħek 1498 01:07:08,780 --> 01:07:12,790 kamra li biss għandek, jew huwa simili ċavetta metall tassew speċjali ma 'lottijiet 1499 01:07:12,790 --> 01:07:15,530 ta 'snien ftit li biss għandek. 1500 01:07:15,530 --> 01:07:18,040 >> Kif huwa dan utli? 1501 01:07:18,040 --> 01:07:20,910 Kif kien utli li tintuża ċavetta? 1502 01:07:20,910 --> 01:07:22,050 Ukoll, ejja tagħmel dan. 1503 01:07:22,050 --> 01:07:24,910 Nibdew bl verament lavanja nadif. 1504 01:07:24,910 --> 01:07:30,070 U let me tipproponi, daqstant b'mod ftit esperiment hawn għal jiġifieri, 1505 01:07:30,070 --> 01:07:37,170 a moment-- kif madwar aħna jieħdu l-kelma "bonjour." 1506 01:07:37,170 --> 01:07:39,560 >> U jissoponi li int lura fl-iskola tan-nofs 1507 01:07:39,560 --> 01:07:42,080 u inti tixtieq li tibgħat l- tifel jew tifla madwar id-aisle 1508 01:07:42,080 --> 01:07:45,090 li inti għandek tgħaffiġ fuq messaġġ sigriet, "hello," 1509 01:07:45,090 --> 01:07:47,820 imma inti ma tridx tkun embarrassed jekk l-għalliem jiġbor 1510 01:07:47,820 --> 01:07:52,500 -ruttam tal-karta li interċettazzjonijiet l innota li int tgħaddi lilu jew lilha. 1511 01:07:52,500 --> 01:07:54,170 >> Inti tixtieq li kriptaġġ din l-informazzjoni. 1512 01:07:54,170 --> 01:07:57,360 Inti tixtieq ġirja hekk hija biss qisu int bil-miktub nonsense. 1513 01:07:57,360 --> 01:07:59,490 U probabbilment, huwa xi ħaġa juicier minn "bonjour," 1514 01:07:59,490 --> 01:08:01,650 imma aħna ser biss jieħdu l-kelma "bonjour." 1515 01:08:01,650 --> 01:08:07,470 >> Kif nistgħu tmur dwar encrypting dan il Messaġġ bejn iż-żewġ gidjien ftit 1516 01:08:07,470 --> 01:08:09,010 fuq biċċa karta? 1517 01:08:09,010 --> 01:08:12,060 Liema jekk hu jew hi ikteb minflok "bonjour"? 1518 01:08:12,060 --> 01:08:13,080 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1519 01:08:13,080 --> 01:08:13,717 >> DAVID Malan: X'hemm li? 1520 01:08:13,717 --> 01:08:14,970 >> UDJENZA: Numru ta ' ittra fl-alfabett. 1521 01:08:14,970 --> 01:08:17,053 >> DAVID Malan: In-numru l-ittra fl-alfabett. 1522 01:08:17,053 --> 01:08:22,340 OK, hekk jekk huwa b ċ d e f g h, I jistgħu forsi jagħmlu xi ħaġa bħal 8 għal dan. 1523 01:08:22,340 --> 01:08:26,270 U b ċ d e-- u jien jista 'jagħmel l-5 għal dan. 1524 01:08:26,270 --> 01:08:30,970 U l-istess, nista 'biss toħroġ bi immappjar numerika li kieku preżumibbilment 1525 01:08:30,970 --> 01:08:32,290 biss jikkonfondi l-għalliem. 1526 01:08:32,290 --> 01:08:34,490 U hu jew hi probabbilment ma jkollux enough-- 1527 01:08:34,490 --> 01:08:37,060 ma kura biżżejjed biex attwalment ċifra barra dak li hu. 1528 01:08:37,060 --> 01:08:40,569 Mela ejja jikkunsidraw għalkemm, huwa dan sigura? 1529 01:08:40,569 --> 01:08:41,406 Għaliex le? 1530 01:08:41,406 --> 01:08:43,310 >> UDJENZA: Għaliex huwa faċli li raden. 1531 01:08:43,310 --> 01:08:45,220 Jekk fil-każ li xi ħadd ikun verament interessati. 1532 01:08:45,220 --> 01:08:45,460 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1533 01:08:45,460 --> 01:08:47,918 Jekk huma verament interessati u jekk ikollhom numri aktar 1534 01:08:47,918 --> 01:08:51,060 li jmorru ma milli sempliċiment five-- jekk hemm bħal paragraph-- kollu 1535 01:08:51,060 --> 01:08:54,779 u hija biss hekk jiġri li kollha ta ' -numri huma bejn 1 u 26, 1536 01:08:54,779 --> 01:08:56,350 li tip ta 'clue interessanti. 1537 01:08:56,350 --> 01:08:58,240 U inti tista 'forza brutali dan. 1538 01:08:58,240 --> 01:09:01,062 Ejja naraw jekk ikun 1, ub huwa 2, u ċ hija ta '3. 1539 01:09:01,062 --> 01:09:03,020 U jekk le, forsi ejja ipprova xi tqabbil oħra. 1540 01:09:03,020 --> 01:09:05,310 Iżda determinat teacher-- l teacher-- kontradittorju 1541 01:09:05,310 --> 01:09:07,369 jista 'ċertament figura dan. 1542 01:09:07,369 --> 01:09:08,410 Allura dak li inkella nistgħu nagħmlu? 1543 01:09:08,410 --> 01:09:12,200 A encoding-- sempliċi u dan tassew tissejjaħ code-- 1544 01:09:12,200 --> 01:09:16,020 ma għandhomx jiġu mfixkla mal-programmazzjoni kodiċi jew programmar languages-- kodiċi. 1545 01:09:16,020 --> 01:09:19,620 U fil-fatt, jekk inti recall stejjer minn imgħoddi, speċjalment 1546 01:09:19,620 --> 01:09:22,750 fil-militar, ta 'book-- kodiċi ktieb kodiċi jista litteralment 1547 01:09:22,750 --> 01:09:26,000 jkun ktieb fiżika li ltqajna żewġ kolonni, waħda hija ittra, 1548 01:09:26,000 --> 01:09:29,430 wieħed huwa number-- jew xi oħra bħal symbol-- li biss mapep għall-oħra. 1549 01:09:29,430 --> 01:09:32,140 U kodiċi huwa mapping minn ħaġa għall-ieħor. 1550 01:09:32,140 --> 01:09:33,430 >> Allura li tkun kodiċi. 1551 01:09:33,430 --> 01:09:38,890 Encryption though-- jew ċifra kif inti jista say-- hija aktar ta 'algoritmu. 1552 01:09:38,890 --> 01:09:39,960 Huwa proċess. 1553 01:09:39,960 --> 01:09:41,529 Huwa mhux biss xi ħaġa inti tfittex up. 1554 01:09:41,529 --> 01:09:46,899 Inti għandek tapplika xi loġika tapplika encryption, jew cipher f'dan il-każ. 1555 01:09:46,899 --> 01:09:50,010 Allura x'hemm ftit aktar sofistikati, taħseb, minn dak? 1556 01:09:50,010 --> 01:09:53,560 1557 01:09:53,560 --> 01:09:57,786 X'aktar jista nagħmlu biex jibagħtu il-kelma "bonjour" semisecretly? 1558 01:09:57,786 --> 01:10:00,224 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1559 01:10:00,224 --> 01:10:00,890 DAVID Malan: OK. 1560 01:10:00,890 --> 01:10:02,181 Allura nistgħu tiktibha lura. 1561 01:10:02,181 --> 01:10:06,890 Allura nistgħu nagħmlu xi ħaġa bħall o-l-l-e-h jew bħal dawn, 1562 01:10:06,890 --> 01:10:08,890 u jibda tfittex ftit aktar kumplikata. 1563 01:10:08,890 --> 01:10:10,302 Allura huwa tip ta 'scrambled. 1564 01:10:10,302 --> 01:10:12,260 U inti għandek tkun taf l- sigriet, u l-sigrieti 1565 01:10:12,260 --> 01:10:16,050 huwa "backwords" jew "reverse" jew xi tip ta 'mekkaniżmu hemmhekk. 1566 01:10:16,050 --> 01:10:17,300 >> Iżda dan huwa algoritmu. 1567 01:10:17,300 --> 01:10:20,450 Dan huwa proċess fejn għandek biex jimxu din l-ittra hawn fuq, 1568 01:10:20,450 --> 01:10:22,360 din l-ittra hawn fuq, din l-ittra hawn fuq, 1569 01:10:22,360 --> 01:10:24,110 u inti għandek jirrepetu ġdid u għal darb'oħra. 1570 01:10:24,110 --> 01:10:26,800 U aħna ser tara għada li dan repetizzjoni tkun xi ħaġa imsejħa 1571 01:10:26,800 --> 01:10:28,600 loop, li huwa pjuttost intuwittivi, imma hija 1572 01:10:28,600 --> 01:10:30,570 komuni ħafna fl-ipprogrammar tal-kompjuter. 1573 01:10:30,570 --> 01:10:34,260 X'iktar jista nagħmlu? 1574 01:10:34,260 --> 01:10:37,592 >> UDJENZA: Inti tista 'żżid il- ewwel ittra sal- 1, it-tieni ittra bi 2, 1575 01:10:37,592 --> 01:10:39,422 tielet ittra bi 3 [inaudible]. 1576 01:10:39,422 --> 01:10:40,380 DAVID Malan: Sbieħ ħafna. 1577 01:10:40,380 --> 01:10:42,720 Allura nistgħu nagħmlu xi ħaġa like-- u jżidu them-- 1578 01:10:42,720 --> 01:10:44,570 li jfisser simili h isir i. 1579 01:10:44,570 --> 01:10:46,480 U let me jżommha sempliċi għall-mument. 1580 01:10:46,480 --> 01:10:48,190 Forsi e isir f. 1581 01:10:48,190 --> 01:10:52,150 U dan isir mu m, u dan huwa p. 1582 01:10:52,150 --> 01:10:55,850 >> Issa, jien tip ta Predisposizzjoni dan il minħabba li issa li ma jaqbżu perjodu 1583 01:10:55,850 --> 01:10:57,070 fi inti dak li ġara. 1584 01:10:57,070 --> 01:10:58,920 U jidher qisu nonsense. 1585 01:10:58,920 --> 01:11:03,280 Iżda f'termini ta 'sigurtà ta 'dan cipher, u l-cipher 1586 01:11:03,280 --> 01:11:06,470 hawnhekk huwa tip simili plus 1 algoritmu ta kieku sempliċement tiżdied 1587 01:11:06,470 --> 01:11:08,500 1 ittra lil kull wieħed mill-ittri tiegħi stess. 1588 01:11:08,500 --> 01:11:13,530 U biss bħala każ kantuniera, x'għandi nagħmel jekk I hit z? 1589 01:11:13,530 --> 01:11:14,030 >> UDJENZA: A. 1590 01:11:14,030 --> 01:11:14,270 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1591 01:11:14,270 --> 01:11:15,840 Probabbilment biss jmorru lura għal. 1592 01:11:15,840 --> 01:11:17,550 Imma x'jiġri jekk irrid punt exclamation? 1593 01:11:17,550 --> 01:11:19,340 Ukoll, aħna ser ikollhom biex jidħlu lura għal dak f'xi. 1594 01:11:19,340 --> 01:11:21,131 Allura hemm xi rokna każijiet, hekk li speak-- 1595 01:11:21,131 --> 01:11:24,100 affarijiet li għandek bżonn li jiġu antiċipati jekk inti tixtieq li tappoġġja dawk il-karatteristiċi. 1596 01:11:24,100 --> 01:11:28,996 Imma dak li hu kontestabbli dwar dan? 1597 01:11:28,996 --> 01:11:31,620 Huwa ovvjament mhux dak siguri għaliex aħna tip ta 'ħsieb ta' dan 1598 01:11:31,620 --> 01:11:33,010 u kiteb l-isfel super fast. 1599 01:11:33,010 --> 01:11:35,750 Allura preżumibbilment, intelliġenti avversarju tista 'tagħmel l-oppost. 1600 01:11:35,750 --> 01:11:40,630 Imma liema informazzjoni hija nixxew f'dan il ciphertext partikolari? 1601 01:11:40,630 --> 01:11:43,010 xjenzjati tal-kompjuter kieku ssejjaħ dan il cleartext 1602 01:11:43,010 --> 01:11:49,510 u dan ciphertext ciphertext-- li jfisser biss scrambled jew encrypted. 1603 01:11:49,510 --> 01:11:53,570 Aħna jnixxu informazzjoni, sabiex biex jitkellmu, ma 'din ciphertext. 1604 01:11:53,570 --> 01:11:58,978 Naf xi ħaġa dwar il- kelma oriġinali, id-dritt issa. 1605 01:11:58,978 --> 01:12:00,370 >> UDJENZA: Numru istess ittra. 1606 01:12:00,370 --> 01:12:01,870 DAVID Malan: għadd istess ta 'ittri. 1607 01:12:01,870 --> 01:12:03,510 Allura dak jnixxu informazzjoni. 1608 01:12:03,510 --> 01:12:07,170 Jien bagħtu tgħaffiġ tiegħi ta 'ħames kelma ittra, jidher. 1609 01:12:07,170 --> 01:12:08,080 U x'iktar? 1610 01:12:08,080 --> 01:12:09,000 >> UDJENZA: Yeah. 1611 01:12:09,000 --> 01:12:09,870 Hemm ittri. 1612 01:12:09,870 --> 01:12:11,676 >> DAVID Malan: Huma qed għadhom ittri. 1613 01:12:11,676 --> 01:12:14,049 >> UDJENZA: It-Tielet u raba karattri irrepeti. 1614 01:12:14,049 --> 01:12:16,340 DAVID Malan: Yeah, it-tielet u r-raba 'l-ittri rrepeti. 1615 01:12:16,340 --> 01:12:20,010 U dan huwa ferm common-- din il realizzazzjoni 1616 01:12:20,010 --> 01:12:22,770 għal dak li sejjaħ analiżi ta 'frekwenza. 1617 01:12:22,770 --> 01:12:25,860 U I użat il-kelma "il-," antiċipazzjoni din il kmieni. 1618 01:12:25,860 --> 01:12:27,802 "L" hija kelma Ingliża komuni ħafna. 1619 01:12:27,802 --> 01:12:30,260 U hekk jekk aħna verament kellhom paragrafu jew essay kollu li 1620 01:12:30,260 --> 01:12:34,160 kien b'xi encrypted, u I tinżamm jaraw l-istess mudelli ta 'tliet ittri, mhux 1621 01:12:34,160 --> 01:12:38,720 t-h e, iżda bħal x-y-z jew xi ħaġa simili dan, I jistgħu biss raden, fuq hunch, 1622 01:12:38,720 --> 01:12:41,410 ibbażata fuq il-popolarità ta ' "l" bl-Ingliż 1623 01:12:41,410 --> 01:12:47,030 li forsi I għandha tibda tissostitwixxi kull x-y-z ma 't-h e, respectively-- 1624 01:12:47,030 --> 01:12:48,750 u inti ċippa bogħod lejn il-problema. 1625 01:12:48,750 --> 01:12:51,830 >> U fil-fatt, jekk inti stajt qatt rat movie dwar cryptographers, 1626 01:12:51,830 --> 01:12:54,420 speċjalment waqt żminijiet militari, cracking codes-- ħafna ta 'dan 1627 01:12:54,420 --> 01:12:59,070 hija din il-prova u żball, u lieva suppożizzjonijiet u b'kont guesses, 1628 01:12:59,070 --> 01:13:00,150 u jaraw fejn tmur. 1629 01:13:00,150 --> 01:13:04,430 U fil-fatt, m 'm-- aħna kultant ara m m fil-kelma Ingliża, 1630 01:13:04,430 --> 01:13:06,320 hekk forsi dan huwa mhux mibdula. 1631 01:13:06,320 --> 01:13:14,830 Naraw e-e, naraw o o, naraw L-l, aħna ma verament tara y-x. 1632 01:13:14,830 --> 01:13:18,230 U hemm għenieqed ta 'oħrajn I jistgħu probabbilment contrive li aħna qatt tara. 1633 01:13:18,230 --> 01:13:20,757 Allura konna naqas tagħna ispazju tfittxija, biex ngħidu hekk. 1634 01:13:20,757 --> 01:13:23,090 Fi kliem ieħor, jekk il-problema inizjalment iħoss dan il-kbar, 1635 01:13:23,090 --> 01:13:25,420 malli tibda deċiżjoni l possibbiltajiet jew deċiżjoni 1636 01:13:25,420 --> 01:13:29,840 fil-possibilitajiet, tibda tikseb ftit aktar naqbel magħha, ftit aktar solvable. 1637 01:13:29,840 --> 01:13:33,170 U fil-fatt, din hija Eżempju fatt ta 'xi ħaġa 1638 01:13:33,170 --> 01:13:38,530 imsejħa cipher Caesar, fejn Caesar cipher hija ċifra rotazzjonali meta 1639 01:13:38,530 --> 01:13:40,450 ittra waħda isir ieħor u inti biss żid 1640 01:13:40,450 --> 01:13:44,670 b'mod uniformi l-istess numru ta 'bidliet kull ittra. 1641 01:13:44,670 --> 01:13:48,330 U Dan fil-fatt aċċennata fuq xi ħaġa ftit aktar sofistikati qabel, 1642 01:13:48,330 --> 01:13:52,700 li aħna tista 'żżid, per eżempju, 1 ittra lill-ewwel ittra. 1643 01:13:52,700 --> 01:13:55,390 E f-- Forsi dan isir g, tnejn bogħod. 1644 01:13:55,390 --> 01:14:00,320 Forsi dan isir m n-o-- din id-darba din issir p. 1645 01:14:00,320 --> 01:14:01,500 U mbagħad ibqa 'sejjer hekk. 1646 01:14:01,500 --> 01:14:05,840 >> Aħna żid inkrementazzjoni valuri għal kull wieħed mill-ittri li 1647 01:14:05,840 --> 01:14:09,880 huwa aktar diffiċli għaliex, issa avviż, l-l ma look like m m, jibqgħalu. 1648 01:14:09,880 --> 01:14:11,860 Issa jeħtieġ li jkun ftit fancier. 1649 01:14:11,860 --> 01:14:16,750 U dan huwa dak li sejjaħ, wara Guy Franċiż, ċifra Vigenere, 1650 01:14:16,750 --> 01:14:19,550 fejn inti qed tuża diverġenti ċwievet, valuri differenti. 1651 01:14:19,550 --> 01:14:21,300 U fil-fatt, ejja tie li lura flimkien. 1652 01:14:21,300 --> 01:14:24,040 >> Aħna użat il-kelma "ewlenin" qabel, kemm fis-sens fiżiku, 1653 01:14:24,040 --> 01:14:25,490 għal-lukandi u djar. 1654 01:14:25,490 --> 01:14:30,290 Imma fis-sens elettronika, ta 'ċavetta huwa biss valur sigriet, tipikament. 1655 01:14:30,290 --> 01:14:36,540 U valur sigriet f'dan il- f'kawża preċedenti, i-f-m-m-p-- 1656 01:14:36,540 --> 01:14:43,862 x'inhi l-sigrieti ewlenin jien jużaw għal dan il cipher li 'Dan proposti aktar kmieni? 1657 01:14:43,862 --> 01:14:45,070 UDJENZA: Plus 1 [inaudible]. 1658 01:14:45,070 --> 01:14:45,820 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1659 01:14:45,820 --> 01:14:49,930 Il-muftieħ huwa biss in-numru 1-- ma l-aktar sikuri, iżda huwa sempliċi. 1660 01:14:49,930 --> 01:14:53,560 Imma kollha ta 'dawn il-mekkaniżmi tas-sigurtà jeħtieġu what-- li mhux biss jien 1661 01:14:53,560 --> 01:14:57,660 jafu l-sigrieti huwa ta '1, iżda wkoll liema? 1662 01:14:57,660 --> 01:14:58,860 Min inkella trid tkun taf dan? 1663 01:14:58,860 --> 01:15:00,360 UDJENZA: Ir-riċevitur [inaudible]. 1664 01:15:00,360 --> 01:15:02,110 DAVID Malan: Il riċevitur irid ikun jaf dan. 1665 01:15:02,110 --> 01:15:04,384 U biss għaċ-ċarezza, li ma jridx jaf dan? 1666 01:15:04,384 --> 01:15:05,300 UDJENZA: L-għalliem. 1667 01:15:05,300 --> 01:15:06,675 DAVID Malan: Id-dritt teacher--? 1668 01:15:06,675 --> 01:15:10,360 Sakemm hu jew hi għandu l-ħin u l-enerġija li forza brutali jew figura hija out. 1669 01:15:10,360 --> 01:15:13,930 Allura super idea sempliċi, iżda mapep għall dak li qed qari dwar 1670 01:15:13,930 --> 01:15:16,060 u smigħ dwar kull jum fl-aħbarijiet. 1671 01:15:16,060 --> 01:15:19,240 Iżda l 256-- din hija essenzjalment 1 daqsxejn. 1672 01:15:19,240 --> 01:15:21,330 256 bits hija ferm ikbar. 1673 01:15:21,330 --> 01:15:26,080 U għal darb'oħra, aħna ser jiksbu kwantitattiva sens ta 'din għada. 1674 01:15:26,080 --> 01:15:32,390 Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet imbagħad fuq Apple, is-sigurtà, encryption, f'dawn sisien? 1675 01:15:32,390 --> 01:15:34,390 Yeah, Roman. 1676 01:15:34,390 --> 01:15:35,849 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible]. 1677 01:15:35,849 --> 01:15:37,390 Għandek xi ideat [inaudible]? 1678 01:15:37,390 --> 01:15:40,050 1679 01:15:40,050 --> 01:15:41,550 DAVID Malan: Oh, huwa mistoqsija tajba. 1680 01:15:41,550 --> 01:15:44,750 I do not know internally-- u Apple, tal-kumpaniji kollha 1681 01:15:44,750 --> 01:15:49,340 huwa partikolarment kwieta meta niġu għall- dawk it-tipi ta 'dettalji ta' implementazzjoni. 1682 01:15:49,340 --> 01:15:53,410 Imma nista 'ngħid aktar ġenerali, ta' Prinċipju fundamentali ta 'sigurtà, 1683 01:15:53,410 --> 01:15:55,910 għall-inqas fil-akkademika komunità, huwa li inti għandek qatt 1684 01:15:55,910 --> 01:15:58,420 dak li sejjaħ sigurtà permezz oskurità. 1685 01:15:58,420 --> 01:16:03,510 Inti qatt ma għandhom jagħmlu xi ħaġa biex jipproteġu d-dejta, jew utenti, jew informazzjoni, 1686 01:16:03,510 --> 01:16:07,490 sigurtà li u privatezza hija kollha ertjat 1687 01:16:07,490 --> 01:16:11,520 fuq ebda waħda jkunu jafu kif taħdem. 1688 01:16:11,520 --> 01:16:13,590 >> Fi kliem ieħor, dak li l-artikolu talludi għal, 1689 01:16:13,590 --> 01:16:17,864 AES, Advanced Encryption Standard-- li huwa attwalment globali, pubblika, l-istandard 1690 01:16:17,864 --> 01:16:20,530 li inti tista 'tiftaħ ktieb matematika jew mur fuq Wikipedija u fil-fatt 1691 01:16:20,530 --> 01:16:22,300 jaqraw dak l-algoritmu hu. 1692 01:16:22,300 --> 01:16:25,570 U ħafna bħall-algoritmu hawnhekk huwa l-super sempliċi flimkien ma '1, 1693 01:16:25,570 --> 01:16:29,010 dan huwa matematika aktar ikkumplikati, imma hija magħrufa mill-pubbliku. 1694 01:16:29,010 --> 01:16:30,510 U dan għandu numru ta upsides. 1695 01:16:30,510 --> 01:16:33,020 Wieħed, dan ifisser kulħadd jista jużah u timplimentaha. 1696 01:16:33,020 --> 01:16:35,320 Iżda tnejn, dan ifisser ukoll li miljuni ta 'nies intelliġenti 1697 01:16:35,320 --> 01:16:40,460 tista 'tirrevediha u kun żgur li jitkellmu up jekk huwa difettuż b'xi mod. 1698 01:16:40,460 --> 01:16:44,190 >> U għalhekk fil-fatt, wieħed mill-aħjar difiżi kontra bibien lura governattivi, 1699 01:16:44,190 --> 01:16:47,750 kemm jekk f'dan il-pajjiż jew kwalunkwe oħra, huwa li tiddiskuti biss pubblikament 1700 01:16:47,750 --> 01:16:50,700 dawn it-tipi ta 'algoritmi għaliex dan huwa improbabbli ħafna 1701 01:16:50,700 --> 01:16:53,380 li d-dinja kollha ta 'riċerkaturi akkademiċi 1702 01:16:53,380 --> 01:16:58,120 se jiftiehmu u fil-fatt jittolleraw bibien lura moħbija 1703 01:16:58,120 --> 01:16:59,840 fl algoritmi bħal dik. 1704 01:16:59,840 --> 01:17:01,940 >> Madankollu, għandek bżonn tagħmel biex iżommu xi ħaġa sigriet. 1705 01:17:01,940 --> 01:17:06,270 U hekk biss sabiex ikunu ċari, meta inti qed tuża cipher, bħall AES, 1706 01:17:06,270 --> 01:17:10,040 jew xi ħaġa bħal Caesar, jew Vigenere li aħna alluda hemm, dak li ma 1707 01:17:10,040 --> 01:17:11,038 għandhom jinżammu sigrieti? 1708 01:17:11,038 --> 01:17:15,030 1709 01:17:15,030 --> 01:17:16,969 Mhux l-algoritmu, mhux il-proċess. 1710 01:17:16,969 --> 01:17:17,760 UDJENZA: Il-kodiċi. 1711 01:17:17,760 --> 01:17:20,890 DAVID Malan: Il-kodiċi, right-- u l-muftieħ, li tkun ċara. 1712 01:17:20,890 --> 01:17:27,190 U hekk li tkun super ċara, minkejja li dan huwa eżempju wieħed trivjali, l-cipher, 1713 01:17:27,190 --> 01:17:30,130 jew algoritmu, li aħna ħadthom ġeneralment qegħdin jużaw f'din id-diskussjoni 1714 01:17:30,130 --> 01:17:31,630 huwa dan ħaġa hawn, il-plus. 1715 01:17:31,630 --> 01:17:37,190 Allura minn hekk huwa super tagħna cipher sempliċi jew algoritmu. 1716 01:17:37,190 --> 01:17:41,367 AES tkun ferm aktar ekwivalenti kumplessa tal-plus. 1717 01:17:41,367 --> 01:17:43,950 Inti tagħmel ħafna aktar matematika, lott żidiet aktar, multiplikazzjonijiet, 1718 01:17:43,950 --> 01:17:45,530 u oħrajn. 1719 01:17:45,530 --> 01:17:48,620 >> Iżda l-importanti mhuwiex il- istess bħall-cipher. 1720 01:17:48,620 --> 01:17:51,400 F'dan il-każ, huwa wkoll super simple-- biss in-numru 1. 1721 01:17:51,400 --> 01:17:58,490 Fil-każ Apple, huwa xi mudell 256-bit tal 0s u 1s. 1722 01:17:58,490 --> 01:18:01,460 Hekk jien ma verament twieġeb tiegħek kwistjoni proprja minħabba I ma jistgħux verament 1723 01:18:01,460 --> 01:18:06,690 jitkellmu għal dak jaf Apple, iżda l-inġiniera Apple 1724 01:18:06,690 --> 01:18:10,000 jkunu żvelati li huma jimplimentaw dan il algoritmu sa ċertu punt. 1725 01:18:10,000 --> 01:18:11,836 Irridu fiduċja li dawn qed veri, 1726 01:18:11,836 --> 01:18:14,210 u għandna fiduċja li huma ma, madankollu, jibnu 1727 01:18:14,210 --> 01:18:16,830 f'xi backdoor sigriet għall-NSA. 1728 01:18:16,830 --> 01:18:18,330 U li fundamentalment diffiċli li tagħmel. 1729 01:18:18,330 --> 01:18:21,040 >> Fil-fatt, il-biża ħasbu I tista 'tħalli inti 1730 01:18:21,040 --> 01:18:24,615 ma dwar dan is-suġġett partikolari hija, kemm aħna kollha jistgħu jitkellmu dwar dan 1731 01:18:24,615 --> 01:18:27,490 u kemm Tim Cook tista 'tassigura lilna li dawn phones ma diġà 1732 01:18:27,490 --> 01:18:33,030 jagħmlu dak l-FBI tridhom jagħmlu, huwa kważi impossibbli li jiġi vverifikat jew verifika 1733 01:18:33,030 --> 01:18:34,320 kemm. 1734 01:18:34,320 --> 01:18:37,140 Do we anki taf li tiegħi camera mhux fuq id-dritt issa? 1735 01:18:37,140 --> 01:18:40,580 Taf li tiegħek MacBook stess camera mhux fuq id-dritt issa? 1736 01:18:40,580 --> 01:18:43,460 Ukoll, ħafna minnkom tista 'taf intuwittivament jew mill-esperjenza, 1737 01:18:43,460 --> 01:18:46,634 ukoll, jekk il-s dawl aħdar off, xi jfisser? 1738 01:18:46,634 --> 01:18:47,550 UDJENZA: Mhuwiex fuq. 1739 01:18:47,550 --> 01:18:48,020 DAVID Malan: Huwa mhux fuq. 1740 01:18:48,020 --> 01:18:48,520 KOLLOX SEW. 1741 01:18:48,520 --> 01:18:51,650 You ħadthom ġew mgħallma li, iżda għaliex ma setgħux inti 1742 01:18:51,650 --> 01:18:56,236 jiktbu software li titfi l- ħafif, imma tiddependi fuq il-camera? 1743 01:18:56,236 --> 01:18:59,810 1744 01:18:59,810 --> 01:19:03,100 Hemm verament ebda fundamentali difiża kontra xi ħaġa bħal dik. 1745 01:19:03,100 --> 01:19:05,510 >> Allura anke aħna bnedmin tista jiġu inġinerija soċjalment 1746 01:19:05,510 --> 01:19:09,530 minn kompjuters tagħna li jafdaw wieħed truth-- wieħed realtà, 1747 01:19:09,530 --> 01:19:11,340 meta verament nistgħu imbagħad jittieħed vantaġġ 1748 01:19:11,340 --> 01:19:14,904 ta minħabba dak l-istess eżatt suppożizzjoni li mezz ta 'dawl aħdar 1749 01:19:14,904 --> 01:19:15,570 fuq il-kamera. 1750 01:19:15,570 --> 01:19:16,980 Li mhux neċessarjament veru. 1751 01:19:16,980 --> 01:19:17,340 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1752 01:19:17,340 --> 01:19:18,090 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1753 01:19:18,090 --> 01:19:20,600 Allura fil-fatt, jien dejjem tip ta daħka, imma jien japprezzaw dan 1754 01:19:20,600 --> 01:19:24,490 meta tara diehards reali madwar campus-- għandek tejp fuq tiegħek. 1755 01:19:24,490 --> 01:19:25,980 KOLLOX SEW. 1756 01:19:25,980 --> 01:19:28,622 Allura tqegħid tejp fuqha hija ħaġa aktar surefire. 1757 01:19:28,622 --> 01:19:31,080 Naturalment, għad hemm mikrofonu li inti ma tistax verament 1758 01:19:31,080 --> 01:19:32,707 tejp fuq kif effettivament. 1759 01:19:32,707 --> 01:19:34,290 Iżda dawn huma t-tipi ta 'l-kompromessi. 1760 01:19:34,290 --> 01:19:36,400 >> U fil-fatt, wieħed jieħu bogħod nisperaw għal-lum 1761 01:19:36,400 --> 01:19:39,306 għandha tkun assoluta terrur meta niġu għal dawn it-tipi ta 'affarijiet 1762 01:19:39,306 --> 01:19:41,680 minħabba li, fl-aħħar tal- jum, għandna fiduċja xi ħadd. 1763 01:19:41,680 --> 01:19:44,417 U li wisq huwa fundamentali Prinċipju tas-sigurtà. 1764 01:19:44,417 --> 01:19:46,000 Fl-aħħarnett, inti għandek fiduċja xi ħadd. 1765 01:19:46,000 --> 01:19:48,208 Int għandek fiduċja li l- Persuna għandek tgħaffiġ fuq 1766 01:19:48,208 --> 01:19:51,280 mhux ser jgħidlek aħjar tiegħu jew tagħha Ħabib dak imsemmi kodiċi sigriet huwa, 1767 01:19:51,280 --> 01:19:54,820 u mbagħad jiżvelaw dik l-istess informazzjoni li inti qed tipprova żżomm sigriet. 1768 01:19:54,820 --> 01:19:55,320 Kull dritt. 1769 01:19:55,320 --> 01:19:58,640 Ejja tagħti look-- yeah, Dan. 1770 01:19:58,640 --> 01:20:03,101 >> UDJENZA: X'tagħmel l-akronimu CBC joqgħod għal taħt il-AES aħħar? 1771 01:20:03,101 --> 01:20:10,422 >> DAVID Malan: Oh, CBC qed block-- x'hemm stand blokk for-- [inaudible] CBC. 1772 01:20:10,422 --> 01:20:15,090 1773 01:20:15,090 --> 01:20:16,340 Ċifra Blokk Katinar. 1774 01:20:16,340 --> 01:20:20,230 Allura Ċifra Blokk tifforma katina b'mod akronimu li tirreferi għal, 1775 01:20:20,230 --> 01:20:23,120 Nemmen, il-proċess ta 'dak li tmur fuq ġewwa 1776 01:20:23,120 --> 01:20:26,980 ta 'algoritmu għall-kriptografija, fil F'dan il-każ, fejn huwa iterattiv. 1777 01:20:26,980 --> 01:20:29,240 Inti tagħmel xi ħaġa mill-ġdid, u għal darb'oħra, u għal darb'oħra. 1778 01:20:29,240 --> 01:20:31,740 U inti tieħu preċedenti produzzjoni, u għalf li 1779 01:20:31,740 --> 01:20:34,660 fil-proċess tiegħek bħala input sussegwenti. 1780 01:20:34,660 --> 01:20:38,410 Allura inti jżommu għalf l riżultati lura fis infushom. 1781 01:20:38,410 --> 01:20:44,850 >> U Analog hawn tista be-- I għandhom tkun tista 'toħroġ bi metafora tajba 1782 01:20:44,850 --> 01:20:45,410 hawn. 1783 01:20:45,410 --> 01:20:48,060 Let me jippruvaw jaħsbu ta ' eżempju aħjar hawnhekk. 1784 01:20:48,060 --> 01:20:51,484 Ejja naraw jekk nistgħu jaslu bi stampa ta 'malajr. 1785 01:20:51,484 --> 01:20:53,400 Ejja ara jekk Wikipedija tagħtina stampa li 1786 01:20:53,400 --> 01:20:55,370 kieku explain-- ebda, li tajjeb. 1787 01:20:55,370 --> 01:20:58,610 1788 01:20:58,610 --> 01:21:02,840 Dan huwa aktar bl-istampi kumplessità milli verament irridu. 1789 01:21:02,840 --> 01:21:08,770 Iżda l-idea hija li jekk inti enciphering xi ħaġa, jiġrilha mitmugħa fi, 1790 01:21:08,770 --> 01:21:12,070 allura r-riżultat gets mitmugħa fi għal darb'oħra, allura jiġrilha mitmugħa fl-ġdid, 1791 01:21:12,070 --> 01:21:15,870 hekk li tiegħek iteratively scrambling informazzjoni bl-użu 1792 01:21:15,870 --> 01:21:20,047 produzzjoni preċedenti bħala input sussegwenti. 1793 01:21:20,047 --> 01:21:22,130 Let me ara jekk nasal up bi spjegazzjoni aħjar. 1794 01:21:22,130 --> 01:21:25,600 Agħti me-ħin lunch biex noodle fuq li wieħed. 1795 01:21:25,600 --> 01:21:26,380 >> Kull dritt. 1796 01:21:26,380 --> 01:21:28,640 Ejja jiġu lura hawn. 1797 01:21:28,640 --> 01:21:32,537 Irrid li jinkoraġġixxu you-- biss tiegħek dar għal tonight, jekk inti tixtieq, 1798 01:21:32,537 --> 01:21:35,120 u inti ma bbenefikawx dan, huwa li watch a video 20 minuta, jekk inti 1799 01:21:35,120 --> 01:21:36,850 jkollhom aċċess għall-internet u jmorru fuq YouTube. 1800 01:21:36,850 --> 01:21:40,840 Illejla Week aħħar huwa juri brillanti minn John Oliver minn Il Show Kuljum. 1801 01:21:40,840 --> 01:21:45,010 >> U f'dan URL hawn, inti tista 'attwalment tħares lejn tiegħu look-- umoristiku tiegħu, 1802 01:21:45,010 --> 01:21:48,020 iżda fl-istess ħin serju tħares lejn l-istess kwistjoni. 1803 01:21:48,020 --> 01:21:51,629 U wieħed jittama, saħansitra aktar ta ' li l-video se jagħmel sens. 1804 01:21:51,629 --> 01:21:52,920 U dan huwa fl-pjastri, wisq. 1805 01:21:52,920 --> 01:21:56,070 Mela jekk għandek il-URL bi l-pjastri, dan huwa hawnhekk, wisq. 1806 01:21:56,070 --> 01:21:59,620 U aħna ser nikseb inti fuq l-internet il-mistrieħ kif ukoll. 1807 01:21:59,620 --> 01:22:02,420 >> Allura fil-minuti li tikkonkludi tagħna, ejja tagħti ħarsa 1808 01:22:02,420 --> 01:22:06,530 fil Eżempju wieħed ieħor ta 'teknoloġija li qatt tippreżenta dawn il-ġranet, 1809 01:22:06,530 --> 01:22:13,700 qsim ta 'fajls, kemm fl konsumatur u f'kuntesti korporattiva. 1810 01:22:13,700 --> 01:22:22,370 U li huwa permezz ta ', per tagħna skopijiet, xi ħaġa imsejħa Dropbox. 1811 01:22:22,370 --> 01:22:26,000 Għalhekk għal dawk familjari, fi sentenza jew tnejn, liema problema 1812 01:22:26,000 --> 01:22:28,388 ma Dropbox ssolvi? 1813 01:22:28,388 --> 01:22:32,390 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] u mbagħad jiksbu fuq iPhone tiegħek jew iPad kullimkien. 1814 01:22:32,390 --> 01:22:33,290 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1815 01:22:33,290 --> 01:22:33,790 Eżattament. 1816 01:22:33,790 --> 01:22:36,290 Huwa jippermettilek li jaqsmu fajls ta 'spiss ma yourself 1817 01:22:36,290 --> 01:22:39,290 b'tali mod li jekk inti ma jkollhom iPhone, telefon Android, Mac, PC, 1818 01:22:39,290 --> 01:22:42,220 MACs multipli, kompjuters multipli, kompjuters dar, kompjuters xogħol, 1819 01:22:42,220 --> 01:22:46,480 inti jista 'jkollhom folder li mbagħad ikollu folders sotto tagħha stess li awtomatikament 1820 01:22:46,480 --> 01:22:48,324 nikseb sinkronizzat madwar mezzi kollha tiegħek. 1821 01:22:48,324 --> 01:22:49,490 U huwa wonderfully utli. 1822 01:22:49,490 --> 01:22:52,350 >> Per eżempju, fil-għodu, jekk jien tipprepara għall-klassi, 1823 01:22:52,350 --> 01:22:54,560 I tista 'tikseb slajds tiegħi, jew videos, jew stampi lesti, 1824 01:22:54,560 --> 01:22:57,760 qatra minnhom fil-folder fuq dar kompjuter, imbagħad jimxu l-iskola, 1825 01:22:57,760 --> 01:23:01,187 u jiftħu kompjuter xogħol hawn, u voila, huwa magically there-- 1826 01:23:01,187 --> 01:23:03,270 sakemm I invitat up, li ġara kultant, 1827 01:23:03,270 --> 01:23:05,830 u hemm xejn aktar stressanti minn wara li jsir dak kollu li ħinijiet tax-xogħol qabel 1828 01:23:05,830 --> 01:23:08,610 u inti għandek xejn li juru għal meta niġu żmien għall-klassi. 1829 01:23:08,610 --> 01:23:10,640 Għalhekk jonqos xi kultant, jew il-bniedem jonqos, 1830 01:23:10,640 --> 01:23:13,210 iżda fit-teorija dan huwa eżattament dak huwa suppost tagħmel. 1831 01:23:13,210 --> 01:23:16,780 >> Aktar compellingly, għal oħrajn utenti, huwa li nista ħafna drabi 1832 01:23:16,780 --> 01:23:19,400 imbagħad ikklikkja Kontroll jew dritt ikklikkja folder 1833 01:23:19,400 --> 01:23:22,080 jew file li jien jużaw ma 'dan is-servizz, 1834 01:23:22,080 --> 01:23:26,080 u I tista 'tibgħat URL li tirriżulta minn dik ikklikkja lil habib, 1835 01:23:26,080 --> 01:23:28,270 u hu jew hi tista 'mbagħad tniżżel kopja ta 'dik il-fajl. 1836 01:23:28,270 --> 01:23:31,630 Jew aħjar għadhom, nistgħu jaqsmu folders b'tali mod li jekk nagħmel bidla, 1837 01:23:31,630 --> 01:23:35,080 allura Rabat jista 'jara tibdil tiegħi fil folder tagħha, u Kareem aktar tard fil-ġurnata 1838 01:23:35,080 --> 01:23:39,120 tista 'editjar dan u tara li istess fajl u folder ukoll. 1839 01:23:39,120 --> 01:23:40,741 Allura hemm ħafna ta implikazzjonijiet hawn. 1840 01:23:40,741 --> 01:23:42,740 U aħna ser biss scratch il-wiċċ, u jippruvaw hawn 1841 01:23:42,740 --> 01:23:46,610 li spook inti daqsxejn fis mhumiex qed jieħdu għall mogħtija kif kollha ta 'dan xogħlijiet 1842 01:23:46,610 --> 01:23:50,210 u dak l-implikazzjonijiet attwali huma għal affarijiet li inti qed tuża. 1843 01:23:50,210 --> 01:23:55,300 >> B'mod partikolari, ejja jikkunsidraw kif Dropbox żgur jaħdmu. 1844 01:23:55,300 --> 01:24:00,510 Mela jekk jien fuq here-- ejja tfassal stampa ta 'malajr ta' lili. 1845 01:24:00,510 --> 01:24:10,760 Jekk dan huwa ftit me-- antika dan huwa ftit lili antiki fuq laptop tiegħi hawn. 1846 01:24:10,760 --> 01:24:19,330 U ejja ngħidu li dan huwa Rabat b'tejp tagħha fuq camera tagħha. 1847 01:24:19,330 --> 01:24:24,080 U hawn aħna għandna Kareem, bil-laptop tiegħu hawn. 1848 01:24:24,080 --> 01:24:27,660 U allura x'imkien huwa dan ħaġa imsejħa -sħaba, aktar fuq li din il-wara nofsinhar 1849 01:24:27,660 --> 01:24:28,660 kif ukoll. 1850 01:24:28,660 --> 01:24:30,880 >> Allura kif jaħdem Dropbox? 1851 01:24:30,880 --> 01:24:32,629 Suppose I joħolqu folder fuq il-kompjuter tiegħi, 1852 01:24:32,629 --> 01:24:34,420 u jien jinstallaw dan softwer imsejjaħ Dropbox. 1853 01:24:34,420 --> 01:24:37,500 Iżda nistgħu wkoll jitkellem dwar OneDrive minn Microsoft, 1854 01:24:37,500 --> 01:24:41,160 jew nistgħu nitkellmu dwar il-Google Drive, jew kwalunkwe numru ta 'prodotti oħra. 1855 01:24:41,160 --> 01:24:43,270 Dan kollu fundamentalment l-istess. 1856 01:24:43,270 --> 01:24:45,780 >> Jekk Stajt ltqajna folder imsejjaħ Dropbox fuq dan il-kompjuter, 1857 01:24:45,780 --> 01:24:48,790 u stajt biss maħluqa PowerPoint preżentazzjoni, jew fajl Excel, 1858 01:24:48,790 --> 01:24:52,220 jew esej, u jien drag hija f'dak folder, liema 1859 01:24:52,220 --> 01:24:56,630 għandu jiġri sabiex tiksbu biex kompjuter Victoria jew tal Kareem 1860 01:24:56,630 --> 01:24:57,210 kompjuter? 1861 01:24:57,210 --> 01:24:58,085 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1862 01:24:58,085 --> 01:25:00,430 1863 01:25:00,430 --> 01:25:01,180 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1864 01:25:01,180 --> 01:25:05,100 Allura x'imkien fil hawn, hemm kumpannija. 1865 01:25:05,100 --> 01:25:08,140 U aħna ser sejħa dan Dropbox. 1866 01:25:08,140 --> 01:25:09,530 U dan huwa David. 1867 01:25:09,530 --> 01:25:10,710 Dan huwa Rabat. 1868 01:25:10,710 --> 01:25:12,350 U dan huwa Kareem hawn. 1869 01:25:12,350 --> 01:25:17,220 >> Allura b'xi, irrid ikollu l-internet konnessjoni li twassal għall-internet-- 1870 01:25:17,220 --> 01:25:19,680 aktar fuq li wara tagħna break-- li gets maħżuna 1871 01:25:19,680 --> 01:25:23,590 fuq servers fl-kwartieri ġenerali Dropbox, il jew ċentru tad-data, kull fejn hu. 1872 01:25:23,590 --> 01:25:27,890 U mbagħad kompjuter Victoria u kompjuter Kareem nikseb li d-data kif? 1873 01:25:27,890 --> 01:25:29,639 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1874 01:25:29,639 --> 01:25:30,930 DAVID Malan: Have ngħid mill-ġdid? 1875 01:25:30,930 --> 01:25:31,650 UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1876 01:25:31,650 --> 01:25:31,890 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1877 01:25:31,890 --> 01:25:33,098 Għandi biex jaqsmu magħhom. 1878 01:25:33,098 --> 01:25:35,310 So I jkollhom bagħtu Kareem Victoria URL, 1879 01:25:35,310 --> 01:25:38,210 jew I għandek ikklikkja xi option tal-menu u t-tip fl-indirizz tal-posta elettronika tagħhom 1880 01:25:38,210 --> 01:25:39,560 għalhekk awtomatikament jiġrilha maqsuma. 1881 01:25:39,560 --> 01:25:40,768 Ejja suppose I ghamilt dan. 1882 01:25:40,768 --> 01:25:43,247 X'inhu allura jiġri fil termini ta 'din l-istampa? 1883 01:25:43,247 --> 01:25:47,570 >> UDJENZA: Ikollok bżonn ta 'kont ta' utent u mod biex authenticate-- 1884 01:25:47,570 --> 01:25:48,320 DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1885 01:25:48,320 --> 01:25:50,720 Aħna ser jeħtieġu a priori xi tip ta 'kont ta' utent. 1886 01:25:50,720 --> 01:25:52,220 Allura stajt ltqajna biex jirreġistraw għall Dropbox. 1887 01:25:52,220 --> 01:25:55,910 Kull wieħed mill inti probabilment trid tirreġistra għall-Dropbox, għall-inqas f'dan ix-xenarju. 1888 01:25:55,910 --> 01:26:00,790 Imma mbagħad finalment, li l-fajl gets trażmessa f'din id-direzzjoni, 1889 01:26:00,790 --> 01:26:03,250 bħalma tela 'minn direzzjoni tiegħi hemmhekk. 1890 01:26:03,250 --> 01:26:05,800 >> Bl-istess mod, jekk konna użati ċerti karatteristika ta 'Dropbox, 1891 01:26:05,800 --> 01:26:08,930 inti tista 'jew tagħmel kopji ta' fajls jew fil-fatt jaqsmu l-oriġinali. 1892 01:26:08,930 --> 01:26:11,090 Jekk inti guys tibda tagħmel kopji, imbagħad fit-teorija 1893 01:26:11,090 --> 01:26:13,450 dawk għandhom jitkabbru lura lili. 1894 01:26:13,450 --> 01:26:17,660 >> Mela jekk int partikolarment utent paranojde, 1895 01:26:17,660 --> 01:26:21,600 jew int l-CTO jew kap uffiċjal għas-sigurtà fil-kumpannija, 1896 01:26:21,600 --> 01:26:25,020 liema tipi ta 'mistoqsijiet għandek tkun tistaqsi hawn dwar dan il-proċess kollu? 1897 01:26:25,020 --> 01:26:26,280 >> UDJENZA: [inaudible] 1898 01:26:26,280 --> 01:26:26,620 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 1899 01:26:26,620 --> 01:26:27,120 KOLLOX SEW. 1900 01:26:27,120 --> 01:26:29,520 So I am issa l-kap ta 'Dropbox. 1901 01:26:29,520 --> 01:26:30,060 Iva. 1902 01:26:30,060 --> 01:26:34,960 Aħna nużaw standard industrijali encryption biex jiżguraw data tiegħek. 1903 01:26:34,960 --> 01:26:36,381 Sodisfatti? 1904 01:26:36,381 --> 01:26:36,880 Għaliex le? 1905 01:26:36,880 --> 01:26:40,457 1906 01:26:40,457 --> 01:26:41,540 OK, I ser tkun aktar speċifika. 1907 01:26:41,540 --> 01:26:46,940 I użu 256-bit encryption AES biss bħal ħbieb tagħna fil Apple do. 1908 01:26:46,940 --> 01:26:49,940 >> UDJENZA: Iżda dik id-data kollha teżisti fuq dawk il-magni kollha, 1909 01:26:49,940 --> 01:26:52,654 u dawk kollha magni huma vulnerabbiltà. 1910 01:26:52,654 --> 01:26:53,320 DAVID Malan: OK. 1911 01:26:53,320 --> 01:26:53,819 Veru. 1912 01:26:53,819 --> 01:26:56,920 Allura jissoponi hemm mazz sħiħ ta ' servers kwartieri Dropbox, il 1913 01:26:56,920 --> 01:27:02,760 jew ċentru tad-data, jew kollha tagħhom ċentri tad-data, u huwa l-data-- 1914 01:27:02,760 --> 01:27:06,200 u dan huwa feature-- huwa replicated-- copied-- madwar servers multipli 1915 01:27:06,200 --> 01:27:09,160 għaliex, Alla jipprojbixxu, wieħed kompjuter, wieħed hard drive imut. 1916 01:27:09,160 --> 01:27:11,830 Dawn il-ġranet komuni ħafna hija li tiġi replikata data 1917 01:27:11,830 --> 01:27:14,530 tul ta 'lanqas żewġ kompjuters jew tnejn drives-- iebsa 1918 01:27:14,530 --> 01:27:17,350 kultant daqs ħames jew aktar b'tali mod li, 1919 01:27:17,350 --> 01:27:20,140 statistikament, anke għalkemm, iva, sajjetti 1920 01:27:20,140 --> 01:27:23,660 tista 'strajk kollha ta' Dropbox tal ċentri tad-data fl-istess ħin, 1921 01:27:23,660 --> 01:27:27,020 jew jistgħu jiksbu fiżikament attakkati, jew kompromessa kollha fl-istess ħin, 1922 01:27:27,020 --> 01:27:30,660 il-probabbiltà ta 'tali xenarju hija ħafna, ħafna, baxx ħafna. 1923 01:27:30,660 --> 01:27:34,730 Allura għal kull skopijiet u raġunijiet, dejta tiegħi hija sostnuta b'mod sikur. 1924 01:27:34,730 --> 01:27:35,970 >> Iżda huwa encrypted. 1925 01:27:35,970 --> 01:27:36,480 Allura? 1926 01:27:36,480 --> 01:27:39,390 Ma jimpurtax jekk kull kopja gets misruqa, ma jimpurtax jekk id-data 1927 01:27:39,390 --> 01:27:42,760 ċentru gets infiltrat, dejta tiegħi għadu encrypted 1928 01:27:42,760 --> 01:27:46,140 sabiex l-ebda wieħed jista 'jara dak li hu. 1929 01:27:46,140 --> 01:27:47,956 Liema mistoqsijiet għandhom inti tkompli titlob? 1930 01:27:47,956 --> 01:27:51,169 1931 01:27:51,169 --> 01:27:53,752 UDJENZA: Huwa kollha encrypted bl-istess mod madwar [inaudible]? 1932 01:27:53,752 --> 01:27:56,650 1933 01:27:56,650 --> 01:27:58,750 >> DAVID Malan: embarrassingly, iva. 1934 01:27:58,750 --> 01:28:01,962 Aħna nużaw l-istess ċavetta għall-kriptaġġ kollha ta 'data tal-klijent tagħna. 1935 01:28:01,962 --> 01:28:04,920 UDJENZA: Imma allura huwa faċli ħafna li unencrypt u decrypt [inaudible]. 1936 01:28:04,920 --> 01:28:05,400 DAVID Malan: Huwa. 1937 01:28:05,400 --> 01:28:06,274 U li l-karatteristika. 1938 01:28:06,274 --> 01:28:09,800 Nistgħu nagħmlu dan super fast għalik, u huwa għalhekk li l-fajl syncs hekk malajr. 1939 01:28:09,800 --> 01:28:12,550 Aħna nużaw l-istess encryption-- l-istess ċavetta għal kulħadd. 1940 01:28:12,550 --> 01:28:14,060 Huwa fattur. 1941 01:28:14,060 --> 01:28:16,320 >> U jien qal li sheepishly-- u dan fil-fatt, 1942 01:28:16,320 --> 01:28:18,430 Nemmen, għadu effettivament u teknikament veru. 1943 01:28:18,430 --> 01:28:22,900 Huma jagħmlu jużaw l-istess ċavetta sigriet, jekk huwa 256 bit jew aktar, 1944 01:28:22,900 --> 01:28:24,530 għad-data kollha klijent. 1945 01:28:24,530 --> 01:28:26,820 U dan huwa parzjalment għal raġunijiet tekniċi. 1946 01:28:26,820 --> 01:28:31,989 Wieħed, jekk I am qsim fajl bil-Rabat u Kareem, 1947 01:28:31,989 --> 01:28:33,780 u huma jridu li jkunu jkollhom aċċess għaliha, stajt 1948 01:28:33,780 --> 01:28:35,840 qbilna li b'xi mod decrypt dan għalihom. 1949 01:28:35,840 --> 01:28:41,110 Imma jien ma verament ikollhom mekkaniżmu biex tagħti Rabat u Karim sigrieti ewlenin. 1950 01:28:41,110 --> 01:28:45,610 >> Jekk jien email lilhom, jien ma tkun kompromessa għaliex xi ħadd fuq l-internet 1951 01:28:45,610 --> 01:28:46,960 jista jinterċettaw email tiegħi. 1952 01:28:46,960 --> 01:28:50,480 I ċertament am not se sejħa minnhom ma 'sekwenza ta' 256 0s 1953 01:28:50,480 --> 01:28:53,150 u 1s jew aktar, u jgħidulhom li tip fil. 1954 01:28:53,150 --> 01:28:55,964 >> Dan jista 'jkun biss password, imma I d xorta jkollhom li jsejħu lilhom. 1955 01:28:55,964 --> 01:28:58,130 U fin-negozju, dan mhux sejjer jaħdem tajjeb ħafna. 1956 01:28:58,130 --> 01:28:59,570 Jekk inti tixtieq li jaqsmu fajl ma '30 persuna, 1957 01:28:59,570 --> 01:29:01,030 Jien ma jmur biex jagħmlu 30 telefonati darn. 1958 01:29:01,030 --> 01:29:03,100 U ma nistax jibgħat email minħabba li mhux sikur. 1959 01:29:03,100 --> 01:29:05,475 >> Allura hemm verament dan l problema fundamentali ta 'taqsamha. 1960 01:29:05,475 --> 01:29:09,440 Allura inti taf liema, huwa biss aktar faċli jekk Dropbox ma l-encryption għalina. 1961 01:29:09,440 --> 01:29:12,510 Imma jekk huma jagħmlu dan għalina, biss jafu ċ-ċavetta. 1962 01:29:12,510 --> 01:29:17,550 U jekk użu mill-ġdid iċ-ċavetta, dan ifisser li kollha ta 'l-informazzjoni 1963 01:29:17,550 --> 01:29:21,596 tista 'tiġi kompromessa jekk dik nnifisha ċavetta tkun kompromessa. 1964 01:29:21,596 --> 01:29:24,220 Issa, wara li talab għall-inqas waħda buddy fl Dropbox, huma jagħmlu have-- 1965 01:29:24,220 --> 01:29:26,178 u naħseb li jkollhom white papers li jixhdu 1966 01:29:26,178 --> 01:29:30,180 għal dan fact-- dawn ma jkollhom ħafna, ħafna Ftit nies li għandhom aċċess għal dik ewlenija. 1967 01:29:30,180 --> 01:29:32,560 Il-kompjuters għandhom ikollhom fil-memorja, u huwa 1968 01:29:32,560 --> 01:29:34,960 ltqajna biex tkun maqful fil xi kaxxa-forti x'imkien hekk 1969 01:29:34,960 --> 01:29:38,090 li, Alla jipprojbixxu, il-kompjuters tiġrifa jew jeħtieġ li jiġu fasslu, 1970 01:29:38,090 --> 01:29:40,990 xi ħadd ma għandek tip f'dak ewlenija f'xi punt. 1971 01:29:40,990 --> 01:29:43,820 >> Allura dan huwa verament l-sigrieti zalza jekk kien hemm xi. 1972 01:29:43,820 --> 01:29:47,670 Iżda din definittivament għandha implikazzjonijiet għal data tiegħi. 1973 01:29:47,670 --> 01:29:52,020 Huwa disclosable, jekk xi ħadd tikkomprometti li ċavetta jew dak iċ-ċentru tad-data. 1974 01:29:52,020 --> 01:29:55,150 >> Iżda tippermetti wkoll Dropbox karatteristika oħra. 1975 01:29:55,150 --> 01:29:57,620 Jirriżulta out-- u dan huwa tip ta 'cost-- negozju 1976 01:29:57,620 --> 01:30:01,140 jekk inti użati differenti ċavetta għal kull klijent, 1977 01:30:01,140 --> 01:30:04,980 jew saħansitra aktar hekk għal kull fajl, matematikament, 1978 01:30:04,980 --> 01:30:09,270 kull fajl, meta encrypted, kieku tfittex differenti minn kull fajl ieħor. 1979 01:30:09,270 --> 01:30:12,450 >> Għalhekk anki jekk I kellu żewġ kopji ta ' -istess preżentazzjoni bil-PowerPoint 1980 01:30:12,450 --> 01:30:16,280 fuq il-kompjuter Kareem u fuq tiegħi kompjuter, jekk dawn il-fajls ġew encrypted 1981 01:30:16,280 --> 01:30:20,030 bil-kodiċi differenti, il ciphertext-- l scrambled thing-- 1982 01:30:20,030 --> 01:30:21,610 look differenti. 1983 01:30:21,610 --> 01:30:24,100 Din mhix tajba Ħaġa għaliex ma 1984 01:30:24,100 --> 01:30:27,510 let Dropbox jirrealizzaw li dawn fajls huma l-istess, kif aħna stajt 1985 01:30:27,510 --> 01:30:28,920 tip ta diskuss qabel. 1986 01:30:28,920 --> 01:30:33,940 Għaliex jista Dropbox trid tkun taf meta żewġ utenti jew aktar ikunu 1987 01:30:33,940 --> 01:30:35,640 jaqsmu l-istess fajl eżatt? 1988 01:30:35,640 --> 01:30:39,140 Għaliex huwa li l-informazzjoni utli għall Dropbox minn perspettiva ta 'negozju? 1989 01:30:39,140 --> 01:30:39,860 >> UDJENZA: Ispazju. 1990 01:30:39,860 --> 01:30:40,651 >> DAVID Malan: Ispazju. 1991 01:30:40,651 --> 01:30:42,400 Preżentazzjoni bil-PowerPoint tal mhux dik kbar, 1992 01:30:42,400 --> 01:30:45,760 imma n-nies komuni jaqsmu kbar fajls movie, files-- video 1993 01:30:45,760 --> 01:30:48,120 forsi verament kbir preżentazzjonijiet bil-PowerPoint. 1994 01:30:48,120 --> 01:30:51,410 U jekk għandek żewġ utenti bi l-istess fajl, jew 10 utenti, 1995 01:30:51,410 --> 01:30:53,970 jew forsi miljun utenti bl-istess popolari 1996 01:30:53,970 --> 01:30:56,340 jitniżżel illegalment fajl movie, huwa tip ta 1997 01:30:56,340 --> 01:31:01,820 ħela taħżen kopji miljun ta 'l-istess gigabytes ta' informazzjoni, 1998 01:31:01,820 --> 01:31:05,160 -istess gigabyte daqs vidjo, u hekk Dropbox, bħal ħafna ta 'kumpanniji, 1999 01:31:05,160 --> 01:31:08,940 kienu karatteristika imsejjaħ "deduplication-- deduplication, li huwa biss 2000 01:31:08,940 --> 01:31:14,040 mod fancy ta 'tgħid wieħed jaħżen kopja tal-istess fajl, ma multipla, 2001 01:31:14,040 --> 01:31:17,290 u biss iżommu rekord ta 'l-fatt li miljun ruħ, jew kwalunkwe, 2002 01:31:17,290 --> 01:31:18,890 għandhom l-istess fajl. 2003 01:31:18,890 --> 01:31:22,710 >> Hekk biss il-punt kollu miljun nies jew hekk għal dik l-istess fajl. 2004 01:31:22,710 --> 01:31:24,330 U inti xorta jappoġġjawh għal xi ftit drabi. 2005 01:31:24,330 --> 01:31:26,690 Allura dan huwa separat mill il-kwistjoni ta 'redundancy 2006 01:31:26,690 --> 01:31:28,980 fil-każ li għandek hardware fallimenti jew bħalhom. 2007 01:31:28,980 --> 01:31:33,920 Iżda deduplication jirrikjedi li inti ma kriptaġġ fajls individwalment 2008 01:31:33,920 --> 01:31:36,260 jekk inti tixtieq li tkun tista ' jiddetermina wara l-fatt 2009 01:31:36,260 --> 01:31:38,320 jekk dawn qed għadu fil-fatt l-istess. 2010 01:31:38,320 --> 01:31:39,970 >> Allura hemm xi kompromessi hawn. 2011 01:31:39,970 --> 01:31:43,370 U dan mhux neċessarjament ċar dak li l-sejħa dritt huwa. 2012 01:31:43,370 --> 01:31:46,500 Personalment ma Dropbox, I ser tuża għal kull ħaġa relatati max-xogħol, 2013 01:31:46,500 --> 01:31:49,500 ċertament xi ħaġa relatati mal-klassi, ċertament għal xi fajls li naf 2014 01:31:49,500 --> 01:31:51,984 ser jispiċċaw fuq il- Internet xorta waħda mill-għażla. 2015 01:31:51,984 --> 01:31:53,900 Imma jien ma verament użu għal Jittieħed finanzjarja, 2016 01:31:53,900 --> 01:31:56,500 xejn partikolarment privata jew familja relatat għaliex, 2017 01:31:56,500 --> 01:31:59,710 bħala kwistjoni ta 'prinċipju, mhux super komdu mal-fatt 2018 01:31:59,710 --> 01:32:02,170 li jista 'jkun encrypted fuq Mac tiegħi stess, 2019 01:32:02,170 --> 01:32:05,590 iżda hekk kif joħroġ 'il barra mill-sħaba, huwa fuq ftit Servers Dropbox s qodma. 2020 01:32:05,590 --> 01:32:08,740 U jien pretty żgur ħadd fil Dropbox għandu dan g ˙ alija 2021 01:32:08,740 --> 01:32:10,490 u se jmorru poking madwar fajls tiegħi, 2022 01:32:10,490 --> 01:32:15,450 iżda dawn assolutament setgħu fit-teorija, x'ikun politika jew difiża 2023 01:32:15,450 --> 01:32:16,710 mekkaniżmi li jqiegħdu fis-seħħ. 2024 01:32:16,710 --> 01:32:19,980 Hija biss għandha tkun teknoloġikament possibbli. 2025 01:32:19,980 --> 01:32:23,120 >> U Alla jipprojbixxu huma kompromessa, I d pjuttost fajl tiegħi ma 2026 01:32:23,120 --> 01:32:27,360 jispiċċaw f'xi zip kbir li xi Hacker tpoġġi fuq l-internet għad-dinja kollha biex tara. 2027 01:32:27,360 --> 01:32:28,640 Mela ejja timbotta lura fuq dik. 2028 01:32:28,640 --> 01:32:29,700 X'hemm soluzzjoni allura? 2029 01:32:29,700 --> 01:32:33,850 Tista tkompli tuża servizz simili Dropbox kumdità 2030 01:32:33,850 --> 01:32:35,580 u tikkalma tipi tiegħi ta 'tħassib? 2031 01:32:35,580 --> 01:32:36,580 >> UDJENZA: sħaba Privat. 2032 01:32:36,580 --> 01:32:37,704 DAVID Malan: sħaba Privat. 2033 01:32:37,704 --> 01:32:38,816 Xi tfisser? 2034 01:32:38,816 --> 01:32:41,524 >> UDJENZA: Well, inti sigura b'xi b'tali mod li huwa disponibbli biss 2035 01:32:41,524 --> 01:32:42,680 għal grupp partikolari. 2036 01:32:42,680 --> 01:32:43,430 >> DAVID Malan: Yeah. 2037 01:32:43,430 --> 01:32:47,080 Għalhekk ikollok bżonn li jaqsam is-sħaba f'xi ħaġa ftit aktar restrittiv 2038 01:32:47,080 --> 01:32:47,580 definiti. 2039 01:32:47,580 --> 01:32:48,496 U aħna ser nitkellmu about-- 2040 01:32:48,496 --> 01:32:49,400 UDJENZA: Internet. 2041 01:32:49,400 --> 01:32:50,441 >> DAVID Malan: An Internet. 2042 01:32:50,441 --> 01:32:55,330 So I jistgħu biss backup lokalment biex tiegħi stess dar, backup server, jew server sħaba, 2043 01:32:55,330 --> 01:32:56,007 biex ngħidu hekk. 2044 01:32:56,007 --> 01:32:58,090 Sfortunatament, li tfisser li Rabat u Kareem 2045 01:32:58,090 --> 01:33:00,960 bżonn li jżuru aktar spiss jekk I jridu jaqsmu fajls magħhom iżda. 2046 01:33:00,960 --> 01:33:02,070 Li jista 'jkun mod wieħed. 2047 01:33:02,070 --> 01:33:04,150 >> Hemm ukoll it-tielet softwer parti li jien 2048 01:33:04,150 --> 01:33:09,040 tista 'tuża fuq Mac tiegħi jew PC tiegħi li encrypts-kontenut ta 'folder, 2049 01:33:09,040 --> 01:33:12,520 imma mbagħad I do għandek sejħa Rabat jew Karim jew email minnhom, 2050 01:33:12,520 --> 01:33:15,070 jew xi ħaġa li jgħidulhom li sigrieti. 2051 01:33:15,070 --> 01:33:20,200 U dan huwa daqsxejn ta 'gidba abjad minħabba hemm tipi ta 'kriptografija li 2052 01:33:20,200 --> 01:33:22,470 do ippermettuli u Kareem, u lili u Victoria, 2053 01:33:22,470 --> 01:33:26,180 jiskambjaw messaġġi sigrieti mingħajr jkollhom, bil-quddiem, is-sehem 2054 01:33:26,180 --> 01:33:28,090 privata key-- sigriet muftieħ ma 'xulxin. 2055 01:33:28,090 --> 01:33:30,450 Huwa fil-fatt xi ħaġa imsejħa kriptografija pubbliku ċavetta. 2056 01:33:30,450 --> 01:33:33,630 >> U aħna mhux se tidħol fis tekniku dettall, iżda billi aħna llum 2057 01:33:33,630 --> 01:33:36,090 ġew jitkellem dwar kriptografija ċavetta sigriet, 2058 01:33:36,090 --> 01:33:39,000 fejn kemm mittent u riċevitur għandek tkun taf l-istess sigriet, 2059 01:33:39,000 --> 01:33:41,470 hemm xi ħaġa imsejħa kriptografija pubbliku ewlieni, li 2060 01:33:41,470 --> 01:33:44,500 għandha ċavetta pubblika u privata ewlenin, li storja twila fil-qosor għandhom 2061 01:33:44,500 --> 01:33:48,245 relazzjoni matematika fancy li permezz tagħha jekk jien tixtieq li tibgħat Rabat 2062 01:33:48,245 --> 01:33:52,310 messaġġ sigriet, nistaqsi tagħha għall tagħha ċavetta pubblika, li b'definizzjoni hija 2063 01:33:52,310 --> 01:33:53,300 jistgħu email me. 2064 01:33:53,300 --> 01:33:54,680 Hija tista jimpustah fuq il-websajt tagħha. 2065 01:33:54,680 --> 01:33:56,950 >> Huwa maħsub matematikament li jkunu pubbliċi. 2066 01:33:56,950 --> 01:34:00,580 Iżda hija għandha relazzjoni ma ' ieħor numru verament kbir imsejjaħ 2067 01:34:00,580 --> 01:34:05,070 -ċavetta privata tali li meta I kriptaġġ messaġġ tiegħi lill tagħha, "hello," 2068 01:34:05,070 --> 01:34:07,104 mal ewlenin pubblika tagħha, inti tista 'forsi raden 2069 01:34:07,104 --> 01:34:09,270 x'inhu l-unika ċavetta matematikament fid-dinja li 2070 01:34:09,270 --> 01:34:16,500 jista 'jiddekripta tiegħi message-- tagħha privata ċavetta jew ċavetta privata korrispondenti. 2071 01:34:16,500 --> 01:34:19,040 >> Huwa matematika fancier minn konna kien li jitkellem dwar hawn. 2072 01:34:19,040 --> 01:34:21,710 Huwa mhux biss b'żieda ċertament, iżda li wisq jeżisti. 2073 01:34:21,710 --> 01:34:25,240 U fil-fatt, u aħna ser terga 'lura għal dan meta nitkellmu dwar il-web, 2074 01:34:25,240 --> 01:34:27,897 odds huma inti stajt qatt imsejħa xi ħadd fid-amazon.com 2075 01:34:27,897 --> 01:34:30,980 meta inti tixtieq li check out mal tiegħek shopping cart u t-tip fil-kreditu tiegħek 2076 01:34:30,980 --> 01:34:34,260 numru tal-karta, u għadhom b'xi mod jew ieħor dak is-simbolu katnazz huwa tghidlek 2077 01:34:34,260 --> 01:34:35,560 konnessjoni tiegħek hija sigura. 2078 01:34:35,560 --> 01:34:37,730 B'xi jew oħrajn tiegħek ftit Mac qodma jew PC 2079 01:34:37,730 --> 01:34:39,900 ma jkollu kriptat konnessjoni ma Amazon 2080 01:34:39,900 --> 01:34:43,010 anki jekk inti stajt qatt irranġati magħhom għal sigriet. 2081 01:34:43,010 --> 01:34:47,020 U dan għaliex il-web huwa jużaw kriptografija ċavetta pubblika. 2082 01:34:47,020 --> 01:34:50,327 Għaliex ma we nieqaf hawn, jieħu 15 tagħna waqfa minuta wara mistoqsija Olivier. 2083 01:34:50,327 --> 01:34:51,910 UDJENZA: I biss mistoqsija mutu. 2084 01:34:51,910 --> 01:34:53,076 DAVID Malan: Le, lanqas xejn. 2085 01:34:53,076 --> 01:34:57,320 UDJENZA: Jekk inti għandek il-fajl oriġinali, u l-muftieħ huwa l-istess għal Dropbox, 2086 01:34:57,320 --> 01:34:59,244 għal kulħadd, u int ikollhom il-fajl encrypted. 2087 01:34:59,244 --> 01:35:02,317 Nista inti [inaudible]-ċavetta? 2088 01:35:02,317 --> 01:35:03,650 DAVID Malan: Jgħidu li darba aktar. 2089 01:35:03,650 --> 01:35:06,970 UDJENZA: Jekk inti għandek il-oriġinal fajl u l-fajl encrypted, 2090 01:35:06,970 --> 01:35:11,274 u inti għandek tnejn minnhom, ma tistax inti biss [inaudible]? 2091 01:35:11,274 --> 01:35:11,940 DAVID Malan: Oh. 2092 01:35:11,940 --> 01:35:13,850 Mistoqsija tajba. 2093 01:35:13,850 --> 01:35:16,850 Jekk inti għandek il-plaintext u l ciphertext, 2094 01:35:16,850 --> 01:35:19,950 inti tista 'tiddeduċi l sigrieti ewlenin? 2095 01:35:19,950 --> 01:35:21,640 Jiddependi fuq il-cipher. 2096 01:35:21,640 --> 01:35:23,110 Kultant iva, xi kultant le. 2097 01:35:23,110 --> 01:35:28,840 Hija tiddependi fuq kif kumplessi l-algoritmu attwali hu. 2098 01:35:28,840 --> 01:35:30,820 >> Iżda dan ma jgħinx sitwazzjoni tiegħek. 2099 01:35:30,820 --> 01:35:33,220 Huwa fundamentali Prinċipju li, jekk għandek 2100 01:35:33,220 --> 01:35:35,750 aċċess għall-inkartament oriġinali u l-fajl jirriżulta, 2101 01:35:35,750 --> 01:35:38,440 għandek ma jibqgħux jużaw li ċavetta għax issa int 2102 01:35:38,440 --> 01:35:39,700 jkollhom informazzjoni nixxew. 2103 01:35:39,700 --> 01:35:41,700 U 'avversarju setgħet jużaw dik u tisfrutta 2104 01:35:41,700 --> 01:35:46,590 li jagħmel dak li qed jalludi għal, u reverse inġinier dak li muftieħ huwa. 2105 01:35:46,590 --> 01:35:50,260 >> Iżda f'dan il-każ, preżumibbilment meta int jibgħat xi ħaġa lill-benefiċjarju, 2106 01:35:50,260 --> 01:35:52,590 diġà għandek fiduċja relazzjoni magħhom. 2107 01:35:52,590 --> 01:35:56,420 U għalhekk b'definizzjoni, huma għandhom għandhom jew jafu li ċavetta diġà. 2108 01:35:56,420 --> 01:35:59,430 Huwa meta xi ħadd fil- nofs gets fil-mod. 2109 01:35:59,430 --> 01:36:00,480 Good kwistjoni. 2110 01:36:00,480 --> 01:36:02,020 >> Kull dritt, Għaliex ma we nieqaf, jieħu pawża 15 minuta. 2111 01:36:02,020 --> 01:36:03,000 Kmamar ta 'serħan huma b'dan il-mod. 2112 01:36:03,000 --> 01:36:05,375 Naħseb li hemm probabbilment xi xarbiet u snacks li mod. 2113 01:36:05,375 --> 01:36:07,900 U aħna ser terġa 'tibda fil-5 wara l-11, kif madwar? 2114 01:36:07,900 --> 01:36:09,450 11:05. 2115 01:36:09,450 --> 01:36:11,736