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>> DAVID Malan: zote haki.

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Karibu.

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Hello, kila mtu.

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Jina langu ni David Malan.

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Mimi nina juu ya sayansi ya kompyuta
Kitivo hapa katika Harvard,

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na kufundisha courses-- chache
wengi wao kuhusiana na

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kwa kompyuta utangulizi
sayansi na kiwango cha juu

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dhana kwamba unatokana na kwamba.

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michache ijayo siku si sana
ingawa kuhusu kujenga kutoka ardhini

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up, kama sisi ili katika kawaida
shahada ya kwanza bila shaka,

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lakini kuangalia sayansi ya kompyuta kama
inayohusiana na biashara na kwa uamuzi

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making-- kweli kutoka
juu chini ili tuweze

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wanaweza kubeba mbalimbali ya
asili, kama utasikia hivi karibuni kuona,

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wote chini ya kiufundi na zaidi
kiufundi, na pia idadi ya mabao

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kwamba folks kuwa.

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Kwa kweli, sisi mawazo tunatarajia kuanza
mbali na kuchukua kuangalia baadhi

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ya idadi ya watu sisi hapa.

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Lakini kwanza, hebu kuchukua
kuangalia ambapo sisi ni inaongozwa.

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>> Hivyo leo, tuna nne
vitalu umakini kwa siku.

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Kwanza up, sisi kuzingatia
faragha, usalama, na jamii.

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Na tutaweza kufanya hivyo kwa njia ya
michache ya masomo ya kesi ya aina.

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Sana katika habari wa marehemu
imekuwa kampuni fulani aitwaye

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Apple na shirika la baadhi inayojulikana
kama FBI, kama unaweza kuwa na kusoma.

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Na tutaweza kutumia hii kama
fursa ya kujadili

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nini hasa baadhi ya
masuala ya msingi

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kuna, kwa nini ni ya kuvutia,
nini maana tekniskt,

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na kutumia kwa
mpito kwa ujumla zaidi

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kwa mjadala kuhusu usalama
na kufanya maamuzi huko juu.

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>> Mbili, kuangalia encryption hasa.

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Hivyo tutaweza kuangalia kidogo kitaalam zaidi
katika nini maana ya kweli kinyang'anyiro

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au encrypt habari.

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Na kisha tutaweza kuchukua
kuangalia Dropbox, ambayo

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ni mmoja wa haya maarufu sana
faili kugawana zana siku hizi.

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Unaweza ukaitumia, au Box, au SkyDrive,
au zaidi mwili hivi karibuni

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vyake na kadhalika.

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Na tutaweza kuchukua kuangalia baadhi ya
usalama msingi na faragha

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athari huko.

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Sisi itabidi mapumziko, na kisha tutaweza
kuangalia teknolojia biashara

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katika nusu ya mwisho ya
asubuhi hii kujaribu

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kukupa hali nzuri zaidi ya jinsi
kwamba jambo kazi kwamba wengi wenu

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ni kushikamana na utafutaji moment--
hakika kutumia zaidi kila day--

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na ni nini kitatokea kutokana huko
kwa ajili ya utendaji, kwa vifaa,

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kwa ajili ya programu, na idadi yoyote ya
sifa nyingine, hasa

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kujaribu tease mbali rundo zima
ya Vifupisho kwamba unaweza kuwa na kuonekana

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au anaweza hata kutumia, lakini
si lazima kujua

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nini kinaendelea chini ya Hood.

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Na tutaweza kuangalia kwa utafutaji
mchakato wa kweli kupata kampuni

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au kupata chombo online juu ya
mtandao, na nini kwamba kweli maana yake.

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Kisha tutaweza kuwa na mapumziko kwa chakula cha mchana.

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Tutaweza kurudi na kuangalia wingu
kompyuta, na pia kubuni server

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architectures zaidi
ujumla ili utasikia

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kutembea nje na uelewa mzuri,
hopefully, ya buzzword hii "wingu

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kompyuta, "lakini nini ni kweli maana yake.

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Na kama wewe ni kujaribu
kujenga biashara au uko

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kujaribu kupanua biashara,
nini hasa unahitaji kujua

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na nini unahitaji kufanya ili
kushughulikia idadi kubwa ya watumiaji

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online, na ni aina gani ya maamuzi
una kufanya suala hilo.

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>> Na kisha katika sehemu ya mwisho ya leo,
tutaweza kuchukua kuangalia maendeleo ya mtandao

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hasa.

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Sisi si kupata mikono yetu
pia chafu, lakini nilifikiri

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inaweza kuwa kuwaelimisha kama sisi kweli
je kupata mikono yetu kidogo chafu,

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na tuangalie kitu kinachoitwa
HTML, CSS, na server seti halisi

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up hivyo kwamba utasikia kuunda kidogo
mtandao ukurasa kwa ajili yako mwenyewe, hata kama wameweza

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jambo hili kabla.

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Lakini tutaweza majadiliano juu ya kile
mawazo ya kuvutia ni ya msingi ambayo

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na nini hasa ni
kinachotokea kila wakati

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kwenda Google Apps, au Facebook, au
idadi yoyote ya zana nyingine mtandao msingi.

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>> Kesho, wakati huo huo,
tutaweza mpito kwa kuangalia

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asubuhi katika
computational thinking--

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njia dhana ya kuelezea
jinsi ya kompyuta kufikiri

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au binadamu mjuzi katika
kompyuta inaweza think--

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kidogo zaidi methodical, kidogo
zaidi algorithmic, kama sisi anaweza kusema.

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Na sisi si kwenda kwa undani sana
katika programu per se,

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lakini tutaweza kuzingatia baadhi
ya malengo kwamba

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kuona katika programu na kompyuta
science-- uchukuaji, algorithms,

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na jinsi gani kuwakilisha data, na
kwa nini hiyo ni kweli ya kuvutia.

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Sisi kuchukua kiasi fulani cha
kuangalia reprogramming

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katika nusu ya mwisho ya kesho asubuhi.

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Tutaweza kupata mikono yako a
chafu kidogo na kwamba,

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lakini hivyo tu kwamba tuna baadhi
mazingira kwa kuzungumza juu ya baadhi

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ya masuala ya sanaa kwamba mhandisi au
programu inaweza kweli kutumia, mambo

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unaweza kusikia au kuona juu ya ubao mweupe
wakati wahandisi ni kubuni kitu.

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Katika nusu ya mwisho ya
kesho, tutaweza kuangalia

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katika kile kinachoweza kuitwa
teknolojia mwingi.

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Kwa maneno mengine, wengi
watu leo ​​si kweli

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kukaa chini na tupu
screen mbele yao

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na kuanza kujenga baadhi ya maombi
au kujenga baadhi ya tovuti.

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Wewe kusimama juu
mabega ya wengine kwa kutumia

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mambo kuitwa mifumo na maktaba,
wengi wao wazi chanzo siku hizi.

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Hivyo tutaweza kukupa hisia
ya nini yote hiyo ni kuhusu

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na jinsi ya kwenda juu kubuni programu
na kuchagua viungo hizo.

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>> Na kisha tutaweza kuhitimisha kwa kuangalia
katika programu ya mtandao mahsusi

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na baadhi ya
teknolojia kuhusiana pale,

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mambo too-- kama database,
wazi chanzo, au APIs kibiashara,

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au programu ya maombi
interfaces, na kisha moja lugha hiyo

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kwamba unaweza kutumia na kwamba.

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Hivyo utakuwa ni mchanganyiko wa dhana
utambulisho, mchanganyiko wa mikono,

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na mchanganyiko kwa ajili ya majadiliano hela.

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>> Lakini kabla ya sisi kufanya hivyo, nikupe
jibu la maswali kadhaa

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kwamba kila mtu hapa aliulizwa.

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Jinsi gani unaweza kuelezea yako
faraja na teknolojia?

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Tuna kidogo ya mbalimbali hapa.

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Hivyo watu sita alisema kiasi fulani starehe,
tano alisema sana, na wawili alisema si sana.

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Hivyo kwamba wanapaswa mikopo yenyewe kwa
na majadiliano ya kufurahisha.

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>> Na tafadhali, katika hatua yoyote, iwe wewe
ni katika makundi si sana au sana,

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je kushinikiza nyuma kama ama
Mimi nina kuchukua sana

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au akizungumza katika kubwa mno wa ngazi.

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Je, kuleta mimi nyuma chini.

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Na kinyume chake, kama wewe d
kama kupata kidogo zaidi

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katika Magugu pamoja na baadhi ya mada
kitaalam, kwa njia zote kushinikiza juu ya hilo.

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Mimi nina kwa furaha na kujibu chini
kwa sekunde 0 na 1s ikiwa ni lazima.

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>> Je, una programu yoyote
uzoefu katika lugha yoyote?

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Tu calibrate, karibu kila mtu
hana programu kabla uzoefu,

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ambayo ni kubwa.

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Na hata kwa wale kwamba kufanya, sisi si
kutumia muda sana kwa kweli kufundisha

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jinsi ya mpango, lakini badala ya
tu kutoa ladha hivyo

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tuweze kisha kuondoka kutoka huko
na kuzungumza katika ngazi ya juu kuhusu nini

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baadhi ya dhana hizo ni ya kuvutia.

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>> Hii na zaidi mapenzi zote
kuwa inapatikana online.

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Kwa kweli, kama kuna URL moja
unataka kuweka wazi katika tabo

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hela leo na kesho, wewe
kutaka kwenda kwa hii moja hapa.

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Na kwamba ni nakala ya slides.

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Na mabadiliko yoyote sisi kufanya zaidi ya
kozi ya leo au majadiliano

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kwamba sisi kutolea maelezo juu ya slides,
wao utakuwa huko instantly

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kama wewe tu upya browser yako.

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Hivyo mimi nitakupa
muda wa nukta kwamba chini,

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na wewe utakuwa na uwezo
kuona nini hasa naona.

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>> Lakini kabla ya sisi kusonga mbele, mimi
walidhani inaweza kuwa na manufaa,

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hasa kwa vile tuko
Kundi karibu sana, tu

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kupata kujua kila mmoja a
kidogo na labda kusema

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ambapo wewe ni kutoka, au nini, na
unachotumaini kupata nje ya leo

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na kesho, walau ili
unaweza kupata moja au zaidi

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kama roho wenye nia au folks kwa
kuzungumza na wakati wa mapumziko au chakula cha mchana.

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Na mimi itabidi kuruka us karibu
kiasi fulani nasibu.

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Arwa, Ningependa kusema hello, kwanza?

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>> Watazamaji: Hello.

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Habari za asubuhi, kila mtu.

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Jina langu ni Arwa. [Inaudible].

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Mimi kazi katika sekta utafutaji yangu kama
benki, biashara [inaudible].

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DAVID Malan: Sawa.

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Ajabu.

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Karibu.

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Andrew.

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Watazamaji: Yeah.

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Hi, kila mtu.

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Mimi nina Andrew [inaudible].

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Hivyo mimi kazi kwa teknolojia
kampuni, Red Hat,

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ambayo ni kubwa wazi chanzo kampuni.

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Nina biashara
background hivyo [inaudible]

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kupata zaidi mjuzi katika kufanya
ufumbuzi oriented uwekezaji,

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Mimi tu haja ya kujua nini
watu ni kuzungumza juu.

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Hivyo mimi kuongoza shughuli zetu mpenzi wa kimataifa.

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Nimekuwa kufanya kwamba
kwa miaka mitano.

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maelezo yako ni ya ajabu.

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Mimi nina kweli kuangalia ili kubaini
up wale wote [inaudible].

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DAVID Malan: Ajabu.

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Furaha kuwa na wewe.

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Chris.

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>> Watazamaji: Habari za asubuhi.

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Jina langu ni Chris Pratt.

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Mimi kazi kwa kampuni inayoitwa [inaudible].

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Ni biashara ya familia, hivyo mimi
kufanya mengi ya miradi mbalimbali.

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Na hivi sasa, mimi nina ililenga teknolojia
mipango na kusimamia wetu IT wafanyakazi.

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Hivyo mimi niko hapa kupata zaidi juu
ngazi na uelewa mpana

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ya aina ya mambo
kwamba [inaudible] ni

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kufanya na mazoea na hivyo siwezi kusaidia
watoe maamuzi [inaudible].

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DAVID Malan: Ajabu.

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Karibu ndani.

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Olivier, ni nini?

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>> Watazamaji: Ndiyo.

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Kwa hiyo mimi nina wanaoishi Ufaransa katika Uswisi
kufanya kazi kwa [inaudible].

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Ni [inaudible] mashirika.

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Hivyo sisi ni kukusanya fedha wakati
kuna maafa na kila kitu.

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Na mimi nina kufundisha baadhi ya mikakati huko.

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>> Hivyo nina kazi ya [inaudible]
miradi digital, lakini pia

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miradi ya kiteknolojia kabisa.

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Hivyo wazo kwa ajili yangu ni kweli kwa
kuwa na uwezo wa kufanya maamuzi bora zaidi

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00:08:01,822 --> 00:08:04,762
na kuwa bora taarifa ya
nini mimi nina kweli [inaudible].

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DAVID Malan: Ajabu.

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00:08:05,720 --> 00:08:06,219
Karibu.

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00:08:06,219 --> 00:08:09,146
Na Kirumi au Kirumi, ni nini?

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Watazamaji: Mimi nina kutoka [inaudible].

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Na mimi nina wajibu wa [inaudible].

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Na katika timu we-- tuko
msalaba timu kazi

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hivyo sisi kazi na wahandisi.

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Na kile Mimi nina kuangalia mbele na ni
kuwa na uwezo wa kuwasiliana vizuri

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00:08:25,530 --> 00:08:27,505
na wahandisi.

191
00:08:27,505 --> 00:08:28,005
[Inaudible]

192
00:08:28,005 --> 00:08:31,780

193
00:08:31,780 --> 00:08:32,870
>> DAVID Malan: Ajabu.

194
00:08:32,870 --> 00:08:34,080
Na Karina.

195
00:08:34,080 --> 00:08:36,580
>> Watazamaji: mimi nina Karina kutoka Montreal.

196
00:08:36,580 --> 00:08:47,630
Mimi nina juu ya [inaudible] ya
mkoa wa Quebec.

197
00:08:47,630 --> 00:08:49,726
Samahani, kwa Kiingereza yangu.

198
00:08:49,726 --> 00:08:56,520
Na mimi niko hapa kuelewa kile
programu yangu au wasambazaji alieleza

199
00:08:56,520 --> 00:08:59,246
kwangu.

200
00:08:59,246 --> 00:08:59,745
[Inaudible]

201
00:08:59,745 --> 00:09:04,334

202
00:09:04,334 --> 00:09:05,000
DAVID Malan: Oh.

203
00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:05,506
Ajabu.

204
00:09:05,506 --> 00:09:07,630
Naam, kama mimi milele kusema pia
haraka, polepole yangu chini.

205
00:09:07,630 --> 00:09:08,720
Na mimi nina furaha kurudia.

206
00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:09,595
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

207
00:09:09,595 --> 00:09:12,130

208
00:09:12,130 --> 00:09:12,880
DAVID Malan: Sawa.

209
00:09:12,880 --> 00:09:13,680
Hakuna wasiwasi.

210
00:09:13,680 --> 00:09:14,707
Na Nikisa, ni nini?

211
00:09:14,707 --> 00:09:15,290
Watazamaji: Ndiyo.

212
00:09:15,290 --> 00:09:15,790
Asante.

213
00:09:15,790 --> 00:09:18,830
Jina langu ni Nikisa, na mimi nina [inaudible].

214
00:09:18,830 --> 00:09:19,330
[Inaudible]

215
00:09:19,330 --> 00:09:24,574

216
00:09:24,574 --> 00:09:25,846
Mimi mwenyewe [inaudible].

217
00:09:25,846 --> 00:09:30,560

218
00:09:30,560 --> 00:09:42,825
Hivyo mimi nina daima kuchanganyikiwa na [inaudible]
chochote ni kweli [inaudible].

219
00:09:42,825 --> 00:10:01,682

220
00:10:01,682 --> 00:10:02,430
>> DAVID Malan: Sawa.

221
00:10:02,430 --> 00:10:03,030
Ajabu.

222
00:10:03,030 --> 00:10:03,842
Karibu.

223
00:10:03,842 --> 00:10:05,060
Victoria.

224
00:10:05,060 --> 00:10:06,030
>> Watazamaji: mimi nina Victoria.

225
00:10:06,030 --> 00:10:07,485
Mimi kuishi katika Jamhuri ya Czech.

226
00:10:07,485 --> 00:10:09,414
Mimi kazi kwa [inaudible] Enterprise.

227
00:10:09,414 --> 00:10:11,122
Na hata kama ni
IT kampuni, ni

228
00:10:11,122 --> 00:10:14,074
Inawezekana kwamba katika IT
kampuni [inaudible].

229
00:10:14,074 --> 00:10:16,240
Hivyo mimi nina ililenga biashara
maendeleo, na wakati wowote

230
00:10:16,240 --> 00:10:18,781
Mimi kwenda kwenye mkutano mteja, mimi
Una kuchukua mtu wa kiufundi

231
00:10:18,781 --> 00:10:21,017
na mimi kwa sababu yangu
mteja anauliza maswali

232
00:10:21,017 --> 00:10:24,736
kuhusu upande wa kiufundi wa
hadithi. [Inaudible].

233
00:10:24,736 --> 00:10:27,110
Wao kuzungumza na kila mmoja, lakini
basi sina uelewa

234
00:10:27,110 --> 00:10:28,352
ya nini re kujadili.

235
00:10:28,352 --> 00:10:30,060
Hivyo Ningependa kupata
uelewa mzuri

236
00:10:30,060 --> 00:10:35,800
kwa sababu nadhani ingekuwa
kusaidia mwenyewe [inaudible]

237
00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:37,800
na uhusiano wangu na
wateja pia.

238
00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:39,320
>> DAVID Malan: Na ni vizuri
uhakika kwa ajili yangu chime katika.

239
00:10:39,320 --> 00:10:41,350
Kuna kiasi tu tutaweza kuwa
uwezo wa kufanya katika siku mbili tu.

240
00:10:41,350 --> 00:10:43,450
Lakini miongoni mwa malengo,
Napenda matumaini, ni kwamba,

241
00:10:43,450 --> 00:10:45,800
baada michache ijayo
siku, maneno angalau zaidi

242
00:10:45,800 --> 00:10:47,970
utaangalia ukoo kama
wewe ni poking kuzunguka online.

243
00:10:47,970 --> 00:10:50,980
Na itabidi bora
hisia ya kile kwa Google,

244
00:10:50,980 --> 00:10:52,910
au nini maneno kweli
maana kitu na kile

245
00:10:52,910 --> 00:10:55,620
inaweza kuwa fluffy masoko
kusema hivyo kwamba, baada ya muda, wewe

246
00:10:55,620 --> 00:10:58,670
unaweza kujenga kwamba faraja na
hopefully hubadilisha mtu huyo

247
00:10:58,670 --> 00:11:00,410
ina tag pamoja kila wakati.

248
00:11:00,410 --> 00:11:01,726
Ben.

249
00:11:01,726 --> 00:11:03,225
Watazamaji: jina langu Ben [inaudible].

250
00:11:03,225 --> 00:11:06,207
Mimi nina teknolojia ya manunuzi
mwanasheria. [Inaudible].

251
00:11:06,207 --> 00:11:10,310
Na mimi nina kweli hapa kupata tu
uelewa mzuri wa nini

252
00:11:10,310 --> 00:11:18,231
CTOs na Wahandisi katika [inaudible] kisheria
upande wa jinsia mambo [inaudible].

253
00:11:18,231 --> 00:11:24,072

254
00:11:24,072 --> 00:11:25,030
DAVID Malan: Ajabu.

255
00:11:25,030 --> 00:11:26,600
Watazamaji: Na Dan.

256
00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:28,220
Hi, kila mtu.

257
00:11:28,220 --> 00:11:29,220
Jina langu Dan.

258
00:11:29,220 --> 00:11:30,230
Mimi kuishi ndani hapa.

259
00:11:30,230 --> 00:11:32,100
Mimi nina kutoka Andover.

260
00:11:32,100 --> 00:11:36,200
Mimi kazi ndani ya nchi katika programu
kampuni, Kronos Incorporated.

261
00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:39,090
Wamekuwa katika programu juu ya
miaka 20 na [inaudible]

262
00:11:39,090 --> 00:11:42,470
masoko na aina maendeleo ajira.

263
00:11:42,470 --> 00:11:49,176
Kwa miaka mitano iliyopita, nimekuwa imeweza
Timu ya wingu washauri wa kiufundi

264
00:11:49,176 --> 00:11:50,880
katika presales mtindo.

265
00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:53,880
>> Hivyo mimi ilichukua mengi
ya dhana njiani.

266
00:11:53,880 --> 00:11:56,620
Na hivyo mimi kufanya mengi ya
majadiliano ya kiufundi.

267
00:11:56,620 --> 00:11:57,870
Lakini siwezi tu kuchukua ni mbali.

268
00:11:57,870 --> 00:12:01,420
Sawa na Victoria,
kura ya mara mimi kupata waliopotea

269
00:12:01,420 --> 00:12:03,348
na haja ya simu katika mtu wa kiufundi.

270
00:12:03,348 --> 00:12:06,720
Hivyo mimi nina kuangalia tu kwa kamba
mengi ya teknolojia jargon

271
00:12:06,720 --> 00:12:09,738
pamoja hivyo mimi kupata
uelewa mzuri hivyo mimi

272
00:12:09,738 --> 00:12:11,462
unaweza kuwa na mazungumzo taarifa zaidi.

273
00:12:11,462 --> 00:12:12,420
DAVID Malan: Excellent.

274
00:12:12,420 --> 00:12:14,410
Naam, hatimaye, tunaweza
Bad michache ijayo siku

275
00:12:14,410 --> 00:12:15,890
katika folks yoyote mwelekeo ungependa.

276
00:12:15,890 --> 00:12:18,040
Tuna majani mtu kwa
wote leo na kesho.

277
00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:21,020
Lakini kwa njia zote, kujisikia huru na
Bad us ama wakati wa kikao cha

278
00:12:21,020 --> 00:12:22,965
au wakati wa mapumziko au chakula cha mchana
kama kuna kitu

279
00:12:22,965 --> 00:12:24,340
Ningependa kupata mbali kifua chako.

280
00:12:24,340 --> 00:12:26,759
Na napenda kusisitiza, kuna
kweli hakuna swali bubu.

281
00:12:26,759 --> 00:12:28,550
Na kama wewe kujisikia kama
swali lako ni bubu,

282
00:12:28,550 --> 00:12:32,319
kwa njia zote kuuliza tu kwangu kimya kimya zaidi
wakati wa mapumziko, au chakula cha mchana, au kama.

283
00:12:32,319 --> 00:12:35,360
Lakini wengine uhakika, sisi kuonekana kuwa katika
nzuri sana company-- kampuni mchanganyiko sana

284
00:12:35,360 --> 00:12:37,630
hapa, wote kimataifa
na utaalamu.

285
00:12:37,630 --> 00:12:41,500
Ili kujisikia huru na kushiriki kama
raha kama Ningependa.

286
00:12:41,500 --> 00:12:44,050
>> Hivyo kwa nini sio sisi kuchukua
kuangalia, tena, katika mazingira haya

287
00:12:44,050 --> 00:12:48,520
ya faragha na ya usalama, na jamii
katika kesi hii hasa kuwashirikisha

288
00:12:48,520 --> 00:12:49,990
Apple na FBI.

289
00:12:49,990 --> 00:12:52,640
Na unaweza kuwa kwa ujumla
ukoo na kesi hii.

290
00:12:52,640 --> 00:12:54,550
Ni vigumu kuepuka
kutaja mazao yake siku hizi.

291
00:12:54,550 --> 00:12:59,150
>> Nje ya udadisi, jinsi
wengi wenu kuwa iphone?

292
00:12:59,150 --> 00:13:00,760
Karibu kila mtu.

293
00:13:00,760 --> 00:13:02,230
Na una simu Android?

294
00:13:02,230 --> 00:13:06,460
Hivyo bahati nzuri, ingawa
hii ni kidogo upendeleo

295
00:13:06,460 --> 00:13:10,280
kuelekea iPhone hasa,
Ukweli ni Android mfumo wa uendeshaji

296
00:13:10,280 --> 00:13:13,610
na Google ina mengi ya sawa
makala na kile Apple ni kufanya.

297
00:13:13,610 --> 00:13:16,290
>> Wao tu kutokea kwa kuwa
katika uangalizi hivi sasa,

298
00:13:16,290 --> 00:13:19,042
na wao tumekuwa hasa
juu ya kupunguza makali wakati

299
00:13:19,042 --> 00:13:21,000
suala la kweli
kuifungia chini vifaa hivi

300
00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:23,250
zaidi na zaidi kwa
kila iteration ya iOS,

301
00:13:23,250 --> 00:13:26,660
mfumo wa uendeshaji ambayo
kweli anaendesha juu ya vifaa Apple.

302
00:13:26,660 --> 00:13:29,370
Hivyo kwa nini sio sisi kuchukua
angalia hapa tu kuweka

303
00:13:29,370 --> 00:13:34,430
hatua katika kile suala halisi ni.

304
00:13:34,430 --> 00:13:37,310
Hivyo nini kinaendelea na Apple
na FBI kwa kiasi

305
00:13:37,310 --> 00:13:40,403
kwamba wewe ni ukoo na suala hilo?

306
00:13:40,403 --> 00:13:43,970
>> Watazamaji: FBI anataka kupata
data, ambayo ni encrypted na Apple.

307
00:13:43,970 --> 00:13:48,220
>> DAVID Malan: Hasa, hivyo FBI anataka
ili kupata data kwamba siri.

308
00:13:48,220 --> 00:13:49,220
Hivyo kwanza, kurudi nyuma.

309
00:13:49,220 --> 00:13:52,914
Ina maana gani kwa data kuwa
encrypted, kama vile ufafanuzi wa haraka?

310
00:13:52,914 --> 00:13:56,706
>> Watazamaji: Kwa namna fulani salama kwamba
watu wala kuwa na upatikanaji rahisi kama

311
00:13:56,706 --> 00:13:59,831
hiyo [inaudible].

312
00:13:59,831 --> 00:14:00,580
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

313
00:14:00,580 --> 00:14:04,130
Hasa Hivyo ni baadhi ya njia ya kuingilia
Maelezo hivyo kwamba hakuna mtu mwingine anaweza,

314
00:14:04,130 --> 00:14:06,350
katika nadharia, kupata habari.

315
00:14:06,350 --> 00:14:09,480
Na hivyo unaweza tu casually
kufikiria kama scrambling.

316
00:14:09,480 --> 00:14:12,549
Hivyo kama ni neno la Kiingereza
au Kiingereza aya,

317
00:14:12,549 --> 00:14:15,340
unaweza tu jumble maneno up
hivyo kwamba mtu anaweza kuangalia ni

318
00:14:15,340 --> 00:14:16,357
na anaona yasiyo na msingi.

319
00:14:16,357 --> 00:14:18,690
Lakini hopefully, kuna njia
upya barua hizo.

320
00:14:18,690 --> 00:14:20,230
>> Sasa, katika hali halisi, ni
salama zaidi kuliko ile

321
00:14:20,230 --> 00:14:22,021
kwa sababu mtu ambaye ni
tu bidii naweza

322
00:14:22,021 --> 00:14:23,930
unscramble maneno
pamoja na uwezekano mkubwa

323
00:14:23,930 --> 00:14:25,490
na kufikiri nini hukumu anasema.

324
00:14:25,490 --> 00:14:27,573
Na katika hali halisi, mwishoni
wa siku, yote haya

325
00:14:27,573 --> 00:14:29,749
kinachotokea katika sana
Asili sekunde 0 na 1s level--.

326
00:14:29,749 --> 00:14:32,290
Na kesho asubuhi, tutaweza majadiliano
kuhusu fikra computational

327
00:14:32,290 --> 00:14:35,580
na nini maana yake kwa data kwa
kutekelezwa au kuwakilishwa

328
00:14:35,580 --> 00:14:37,109
na sekunde 0 1s tu na.

329
00:14:37,109 --> 00:14:38,900
Lakini kwa madhumuni ya leo,
hebu kudhani tu

330
00:14:38,900 --> 00:14:41,275
kwamba una mambo kama
barua pepe, na picha, na video,

331
00:14:41,275 --> 00:14:43,470
na yote hayo juu ya iPhone
au kifaa Android.

332
00:14:43,470 --> 00:14:46,840
Na kwa namna fulani, kwamba data
ni walau scrambled.

333
00:14:46,840 --> 00:14:51,620
Na hivyo kuna mtuhumiwa katika hii
kesi fulani, San Bernardino,

334
00:14:51,620 --> 00:14:55,800
ambapo wana simu mtuhumiwa,
na wanataka kupata data mbali ya hiyo.

335
00:14:55,800 --> 00:15:00,780
Lakini katika kesi hii, Apple ina kimsingi
Alisema hakuna kwa baadhi ya mambo na ndiyo

336
00:15:00,780 --> 00:15:01,550
kwa mambo mengine.

337
00:15:01,550 --> 00:15:04,130
Hivyo wameweza alisema ndiyo kwa mambo kadhaa
kwa njia thabiti na kile

338
00:15:04,130 --> 00:15:06,588
mengi ya makampuni ya Marekani bila kufanya
wakati subpoenaed au kama.

339
00:15:06,588 --> 00:15:10,290
Wameweza zinazotolewa, kwa mfano,
mamlaka na iCloud Backup.

340
00:15:10,290 --> 00:15:12,940
Hivyo kama mimi nina ukoo, iCloud
ni wingu hii base--

341
00:15:12,940 --> 00:15:17,260
na tutaweza kurudi na wingu computing--
hii wingu nebulously inavyoelezwa

342
00:15:17,260 --> 00:15:19,270
huduma ya msingi ambako
tu anaunga mkono data yako.

343
00:15:19,270 --> 00:15:22,620
Na zinageuka kuwa unaweza
upatikanaji data huko kimaandishi.

344
00:15:22,620 --> 00:15:25,350
Hivyo ni unscrambled wakati ni
kweli kuwa yanayoambatana huko.

345
00:15:25,350 --> 00:15:26,770
Na hivyo Apple akageuka kuwa juu.

346
00:15:26,770 --> 00:15:28,520
Lakini kwa bahati mbaya,
mtuhumiwa katika swali

347
00:15:28,520 --> 00:15:32,050
inaonekana kuwa walemavu moja kwa moja
iCloud Backup baadhi ya wiki

348
00:15:32,050 --> 00:15:35,080
kabla ya FBI kupata
hasa hili iPhone.

349
00:15:35,080 --> 00:15:38,570
Hivyo kuna wiki chache ya uwezo
data kwamba anaishi kwenye simu,

350
00:15:38,570 --> 00:15:39,920
lakini si katika iCloud.

351
00:15:39,920 --> 00:15:43,359
Na hivyo FBI anataka kweli kuangalia
katika nini juu ya simu kuwa fulani.

352
00:15:43,359 --> 00:15:45,400
Kwa bahati mbaya, simu,
kama wengi wa wetu hapa,

353
00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:47,050
ni ulinzi na nenosiri.

354
00:15:47,050 --> 00:15:50,640
Na kwa muda gani ni passcodes hizi
typically-- iwapo kwenye simu yako

355
00:15:50,640 --> 00:15:51,470
au kwa ujumla?

356
00:15:51,470 --> 00:15:52,420
>> Watazamaji: Nne.

357
00:15:52,420 --> 00:15:52,666
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

358
00:15:52,666 --> 00:15:53,600
Hivyo mara nyingi tarakimu nne.

359
00:15:53,600 --> 00:15:55,580
Wameweza kuanza kwa
matoleo mapya ya iOS

360
00:15:55,580 --> 00:15:57,292
kufanya passcodes hizi tena kidogo.

361
00:15:57,292 --> 00:15:59,000
Na hebu tu ya kuweka
kwamba katika mtazamo.

362
00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:02,010
Hivyo kama ni tarakimu nne
nambari ya siri, hiyo ni nzuri.

363
00:16:02,010 --> 00:16:03,760
Hiyo ni kulinganishwa na
nini watu wengi wana

364
00:16:03,760 --> 00:16:06,510
juu ya ATM zao au kadi zao debit.

365
00:16:06,510 --> 00:16:08,980
Nini maana kwa ajili ya usalama?

366
00:16:08,980 --> 00:16:10,272
>> Naam, hebu kuchukua hatua nyuma.

367
00:16:10,272 --> 00:16:11,980
Kama una nne
tarakimu code-- na hebu

368
00:16:11,980 --> 00:16:14,230
hebu kuanza kwa wenyewe
hata kabla ya kesho asubuhi.

369
00:16:14,230 --> 00:16:15,430
Fikiria computationally.

370
00:16:15,430 --> 00:16:17,060
Ni tarakimu nne kificho.

371
00:16:17,060 --> 00:16:21,390
Jinsi gani wewe, kama binadamu mbali
mitaani, si lazima technophile,

372
00:16:21,390 --> 00:16:26,240
tabia tu jinsi salama
iPhone ni kama ni kwa kutumia tarakimu nne

373
00:16:26,240 --> 00:16:28,490
Sekunde 0 passcode-- kupitia 9s.

374
00:16:28,490 --> 00:16:34,006
Jinsi gani unaweza kuanza kupima
usalama wa iPhone basi?

375
00:16:34,006 --> 00:16:34,630
Watazamaji: Tano?

376
00:16:34,630 --> 00:16:35,379
DAVID Malan: Tano?

377
00:16:35,379 --> 00:16:37,112
Na nini maana ya tano?

378
00:16:37,112 --> 00:16:43,041
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible] technology-- hii
ni rahisi kupata akijaribu kutoka 1001

379
00:16:43,041 --> 00:16:44,790
[Inaudible].

380
00:16:44,790 --> 00:16:46,238
>> DAVID Malan: Sawa.

381
00:16:46,238 --> 00:16:49,112
>> Watazamaji: Jaribu 111, 000, [inaudible].

382
00:16:49,112 --> 00:16:53,244
Na kama mimi [inaudible] kompyuta yangu
hivyo mara nyingi [inaudible].

383
00:16:53,244 --> 00:16:54,160
DAVID Malan: Ah, nzuri.

384
00:16:54,160 --> 00:16:58,830
Hivyo tayari, kama tumekuwa defined tatizo
scenario kama kifaa hiki ni salama

385
00:16:58,830 --> 00:17:02,260
kwa sababu ina tarakimu nne
nambari ya siri, mashambulizi kwenye simu kwamba

386
00:17:02,260 --> 00:17:04,980
ingekuwa tu kuwa na kujaribu
namba zote iwezekanavyo.

387
00:17:04,980 --> 00:17:07,210
Unaweza kuanza tu 0 0 0 0.

388
00:17:07,210 --> 00:17:10,510
Na frighteningly, yaani
default nenosiri kwenye mengi ya vifaa

389
00:17:10,510 --> 00:17:11,069
siku hizi.

390
00:17:11,069 --> 00:17:13,109
Kwa kweli, kama kando,
kama una kifaa chochote

391
00:17:13,109 --> 00:17:15,579
kwamba inasaidia wireless
teknolojia iitwayo Bluetooth,

392
00:17:15,579 --> 00:17:18,869
nenosiri default
mara nyingi sana ni 0 0 0 0.

393
00:17:18,869 --> 00:17:23,899
Au labda, ikiwa ni salama zaidi
kifaa, 0 0 0 0 0-- moja ya ziada 0.

394
00:17:23,899 --> 00:17:26,690
Hivyo wakati katika shaka, kama unahitaji
kupata kwenye kifaa fulani, kuanza huko.

395
00:17:26,690 --> 00:17:30,350
>> Lakini bila shaka, kama iPhone shakes au
whatnot, na anasema, nope, si kwamba ni,

396
00:17:30,350 --> 00:17:34,030
nini idadi inaweza wewe kujaribu baada ya 0 0 0 0?

397
00:17:34,030 --> 00:17:35,390
1 1 1 1.

398
00:17:35,390 --> 00:17:37,010
2 2 2 2.

399
00:17:37,010 --> 00:17:38,410
7 7 7 7-- hiyo ni yako?

400
00:17:38,410 --> 00:17:39,800
SAWA.

401
00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:42,970
Waweza tu brute nguvu,
kama mwanasayansi kompyuta

402
00:17:42,970 --> 00:17:44,750
says-- kujaribu maadili yote iwezekanavyo.

403
00:17:44,750 --> 00:17:46,740
>> Basi hebu Bad nyuma
swali la kwanza.

404
00:17:46,740 --> 00:17:48,020
Jinsi salama ni iPhone?

405
00:17:48,020 --> 00:17:52,115
Mtu mbali mitaani anaweza kusema sana
salama, au si salama sana, au kati

406
00:17:52,115 --> 00:17:53,740
salama, lakini hiyo ni aina ya maana.

407
00:17:53,740 --> 00:17:56,780
Itakuwa nzuri kama tunaweza
wafanya kitu zaidi upimaji,

408
00:17:56,780 --> 00:17:57,620
hata kama idadi yake.

409
00:17:57,620 --> 00:18:02,184
Hatuna haja ya dhana math, lakini baadhi tu
namba makadirio au kufuzu

410
00:18:02,184 --> 00:18:02,850
ya usalama.

411
00:18:02,850 --> 00:18:04,940
>> Hivyo kama wewe nimepata nne
tarakimu nenosiri, tunaweza

412
00:18:04,940 --> 00:18:08,440
kuanza kumhusisha aina fulani
ya rating numeric yake?

413
00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:09,630
Jinsi salama ni nini?

414
00:18:09,630 --> 00:18:10,714
>> Watazamaji: 1 nje ya 10,000.

415
00:18:10,714 --> 00:18:11,463
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

416
00:18:11,463 --> 00:18:12,480
Hivyo 1 kati ya 10,000.

417
00:18:12,480 --> 00:18:15,608
Wapi kupata 10,000 kutoka?

418
00:18:15,608 --> 00:18:18,036
>> Watazamaji: uwezekano All [inaudible].

419
00:18:18,036 --> 00:18:19,160
DAVID Malan: Yeah, hasa.

420
00:18:19,160 --> 00:18:24,260
Kama nimepata 4 tarakimu kificho, unaweza
0 0 0 0, au unaweza kuwa na 9 9 9 9,

421
00:18:24,260 --> 00:18:24,760
maximally.

422
00:18:24,760 --> 00:18:27,370
Na hivyo ndiyo uwezekano 10,000.

423
00:18:27,370 --> 00:18:28,875
Hivyo kwamba inaonekana pretty kubwa.

424
00:18:28,875 --> 00:18:31,000
Na bila ya shaka kuchukua
binadamu kabisa baadhi ya wakati

425
00:18:31,000 --> 00:18:32,370
kujaribu yote ya namba hizo.

426
00:18:32,370 --> 00:18:34,920
>> Na hivyo tuseme, mimi, wakati wa chakula cha
swiped moja ya iphone yako

427
00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:36,370
na una tarakimu nne kificho.

428
00:18:36,370 --> 00:18:39,317
Kama mimi alikuwa na muda wa kutosha, labda
Mimi naweza aina katika 0 0 0 0.

429
00:18:39,317 --> 00:18:40,650
Na kisha shakes na anasema, hakuna.

430
00:18:40,650 --> 00:18:45,790
0 0 0 1, 0 0 0 2, 0 0 3, na
labda naweza kufanya 1 kwa sekunde.

431
00:18:45,790 --> 00:18:47,640
Hivyo hiyo ni sekunde 10,000.

432
00:18:47,640 --> 00:18:50,470
Hivyo kwa muda gani kuchukua yangu
katika mwisho kwa kweli kupata

433
00:18:50,470 --> 00:18:56,070
kwa decrypting au Hacking katika
mtu iPhone, kutokana na namba hizi?

434
00:18:56,070 --> 00:18:57,960
Na tutaweza kucheza na chache labda hapa.

435
00:18:57,960 --> 00:19:00,770
>> Hebu kwenda mbele na kuvuta up
overkill ya calculator.

436
00:19:00,770 --> 00:19:05,530
Hivyo kama ni sekunde 10,000, kuna
ni sekunde 60 katika dakika,

437
00:19:05,530 --> 00:19:07,240
na kuna muda wa dakika 60 katika saa.

438
00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:08,870
Hivyo ni kama masaa 2.7.

439
00:19:08,870 --> 00:19:12,690
Hivyo nina miss alasiri
vikao, kama mimi kuanza wakati wa chakula cha mchana.

440
00:19:12,690 --> 00:19:16,280
Lakini itakuwa tu kuchukua mimi masaa 2.7
kujaribu kupata ndani ya iPhone yako.

441
00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:18,470
>> Sasa, unaweza kuwa na
ukoo na taratibu

442
00:19:18,470 --> 00:19:22,470
kwamba Apple na hivi karibuni pengine wengine
makampuni kutumia kuilinda dhidi ya hili.

443
00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:25,267
Hii haionekani au
kujisikia salama sana tena.

444
00:19:25,267 --> 00:19:27,850
Na tutaweza kurudi katika tu
bit kufanya moja zaidi utangulizi,

445
00:19:27,850 --> 00:19:31,330
isipokuwa sisi kujisikia kuachwa.

446
00:19:31,330 --> 00:19:34,120
Tufanye nini ili kufanya hili salama zaidi?

447
00:19:34,120 --> 00:19:35,510
10,000 anahisi kama mengi.

448
00:19:35,510 --> 00:19:39,484
Lakini masaa 2.7 hana
kwa kweli wanaona kama kwamba kwa muda mrefu.

449
00:19:39,484 --> 00:19:42,650
Watazamaji: Je, si ni kupata imefungwa baada
majaribio ya tatu au kitu kama hicho?

450
00:19:42,650 --> 00:19:44,090
DAVID Malan: Ah, labda ni gani.

451
00:19:44,090 --> 00:19:45,840
Kwa kweli, hopefully si
tatu, kwa sababu hata

452
00:19:45,840 --> 00:19:48,179
Mimi goof juu nambari ya siri yangu
tatu au zaidi kwa mara.

453
00:19:48,179 --> 00:19:49,720
Kwa hiyo, kuna kawaida baadhi ya kizingiti.

454
00:19:49,720 --> 00:19:52,320
Na naamini katika kesi iOS ya,
default ni kweli 10.

455
00:19:52,320 --> 00:19:53,538
lakini similarly--

456
00:19:53,538 --> 00:19:55,130
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

457
00:19:55,130 --> 00:19:56,630
DAVID Malan: --similarly nafuu.

458
00:19:56,630 --> 00:19:59,614
Hivyo nini kwamba mean hivyo
nini kinatokea baada ya inajaribu 10

459
00:19:59,614 --> 00:20:00,780
au chochote idadi ya anajaribu?

460
00:20:00,780 --> 00:20:01,660
>> Watazamaji: Ni anapata imefungwa.

461
00:20:01,660 --> 00:20:01,990
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

462
00:20:01,990 --> 00:20:03,890
Hivyo simu labda kufuli yenyewe chini.

463
00:20:03,890 --> 00:20:05,040
>> Watazamaji: Muda kuchelewa.

464
00:20:05,040 --> 00:20:05,480
>> DAVID Malan: Muda kuchelewa.

465
00:20:05,480 --> 00:20:06,600
Je, nini maana na kuchelewa wakati?

466
00:20:06,600 --> 00:20:09,600
>> Watazamaji: Ni itabidi kufunga simu kwa
dakika tano, na baada ya dakika tano,

467
00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:10,580
unaweza kujaribu tena.

468
00:20:10,580 --> 00:20:10,850
>> DAVID Malan: zote haki.

469
00:20:10,850 --> 00:20:13,630
Lakini hiyo haina kujisikia kama ni
utatuzi wa matatizo, haki?

470
00:20:13,630 --> 00:20:16,493
Siwezi tu kurudi dakika 5
baadaye na kuendelea kukatwakatwa juu yake?

471
00:20:16,493 --> 00:20:17,460
>> Watazamaji: Ndiyo.

472
00:20:17,460 --> 00:20:18,154
>> DAVID Malan: Sawa.

473
00:20:18,154 --> 00:20:20,542
>> Watazamaji: Lakini baada ya wewe kujaribu
tena, unaendelea na dakika 10.

474
00:20:20,542 --> 00:20:21,208
DAVID Malan: Ah.

475
00:20:21,208 --> 00:20:22,660
Watazamaji: --keeps kupanua.

476
00:20:22,660 --> 00:20:24,325
ongezeko hivyo jambo la but--: Watazamaji

477
00:20:24,325 --> 00:20:25,450
DAVID Malan: Yeah, hasa.

478
00:20:25,450 --> 00:20:28,140
Basi hebu tuseme ni
si moja kwa pili,

479
00:20:28,140 --> 00:20:33,260
lakini inachukua me kwa codes 10,000,
badala ya mara 1 pili kwa kila mmoja,

480
00:20:33,260 --> 00:20:35,740
ni kweli hata sekunde 60.

481
00:20:35,740 --> 00:20:37,070
Ni dakika tano.

482
00:20:37,070 --> 00:20:40,950
Hivyo sasa, hii ni number-- jumla
hii ni jumla ya kiasi cha muda

483
00:20:40,950 --> 00:20:43,810
Nahitaji ili hack katika simu.

484
00:20:43,810 --> 00:20:46,870
Na tena, kuna sekunde 60 katika
dakika, na dakika 60 katika saa.

485
00:20:46,870 --> 00:20:50,850
>> Hivyo sasa, tuko hadi masaa 833.

486
00:20:50,850 --> 00:20:54,787
Na kama tunataka kuona hii just,
sasa tunazungumzia 34 siku.

487
00:20:54,787 --> 00:20:56,870
Hivyo ni kwenda kuchukua
adui, bila kulala,

488
00:20:56,870 --> 00:21:01,250
siku 34 sasa ya hack katika iPhone yako,
kama kuna hii dakika tano kuchelewa.

489
00:21:01,250 --> 00:21:03,340
Lakini siyo hata tu dakika tano.

490
00:21:03,340 --> 00:21:05,560
Kama Kareem alisema, nini
kinatokea baada next--

491
00:21:05,560 --> 00:21:06,210
>> Watazamaji: Baada ya wameweza tried--

492
00:21:06,210 --> 00:21:06,400
>> DAVID Malan: --misattempt?

493
00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:09,108
>> Watazamaji: --five zaidi ya mara, basi
inakupa dakika 10 kuchelewa.

494
00:21:09,108 --> 00:21:10,450
DAVID Malan: dakika 10 kuchelewa.

495
00:21:10,450 --> 00:21:13,200
Na mimi nina uhakika nini ni baada ya
hiyo, lakini labda ni dakika 20.

496
00:21:13,200 --> 00:21:14,230
Labda ni dakika 40.

497
00:21:14,230 --> 00:21:17,105
Na kama ni, hiyo ni kweli
mfano wa mbinu haki ya kawaida

498
00:21:17,105 --> 00:21:19,900
katika kompyuta inayojulikana kama
kielelezo backoff, ambapo

499
00:21:19,900 --> 00:21:22,980
exponentiation hii kawaida maana
wewe mara mbili kitu tena na tena.

500
00:21:22,980 --> 00:21:25,510
>> Hivyo kwamba kuanza nje kuwa
si hivyo muhimu.

501
00:21:25,510 --> 00:21:29,570
Lakini mara moja kuanza mara dufu kutoka
2 hadi 4 na 8 16-32 hadi 64,

502
00:21:29,570 --> 00:21:31,650
mapengo kweli kuanza kupanuka.

503
00:21:31,650 --> 00:21:35,780
Na hivyo inaweza kuchukua mwezi,
au mwaka, au maisha

504
00:21:35,780 --> 00:21:37,800
kwa kweli kupata katika kifaa hicho.

505
00:21:37,800 --> 00:21:39,300
Sasa, kuna utaratibu mwingine bado.

506
00:21:39,300 --> 00:21:41,350
Muda ni jambo zuri
kwa sababu, kwa ujumla, hii

507
00:21:41,350 --> 00:21:42,940
Ni jambo la kawaida usalama mbinu.

508
00:21:42,940 --> 00:21:46,650
Unaweza si lazima kuacha mabaya
guys, lakini unaweza kupunguza yao chini.

509
00:21:46,650 --> 00:21:50,480
Na kwa sababu kuna watu finite
rasilimali katika maisha, kama hai,

510
00:21:50,480 --> 00:21:53,750
unaweza hatimaye kushinikiza
nje tishio hadi sasa

511
00:21:53,750 --> 00:21:57,510
kwamba hata kama, hakika, adui
anaweza kupata kweli bahati na kujaribu 7 7 7 7

512
00:21:57,510 --> 00:22:01,080
kwenye simu yako na kupata jibu
haki, uwezekano wa kwamba

513
00:22:01,080 --> 00:22:02,890
ni incredibly chini.

514
00:22:02,890 --> 00:22:06,800
Na hivyo, kwa ujumla usalama ni
kazi, si ya ulinzi kabisa,

515
00:22:06,800 --> 00:22:08,390
lakini cha ulinzi probabilistic.

516
00:22:08,390 --> 00:22:13,940
Wewe tu pretty kuhakikisha kwamba uko
salama kutokana na baadhi ya aina ya shambulio hilo.

517
00:22:13,940 --> 00:22:16,360
>> Lakini kwamba wanaweza kuwa
mzuri wa kutosha.

518
00:22:16,360 --> 00:22:17,780
Hivyo nini zaidi inaweza kufanya nini?

519
00:22:17,780 --> 00:22:21,010
Na nini zaidi haina Apple kufanya,
kama watu zimewezesha hii,

520
00:22:21,010 --> 00:22:24,700
kama adui au mbaya guy inajaribu
kupata katika zaidi ya mara 10,

521
00:22:24,700 --> 00:22:26,070
badala ya kuingiza kuchelewa.

522
00:22:26,070 --> 00:22:28,300
Nini itakuwa na nguvu
kipimo cha upande wa utetezi kuwa

523
00:22:28,300 --> 00:22:30,185
inaweza kufanya wewe usingizi bora usiku?

524
00:22:30,185 --> 00:22:31,430
>> Watazamaji: Kufutwa data.

525
00:22:31,430 --> 00:22:32,250
>> DAVID Malan: Futa data.

526
00:22:32,250 --> 00:22:32,750
Yeah.

527
00:22:32,750 --> 00:22:34,750
Hivyo kwa kweli, hiyo ni
mbinu ya kawaida sana

528
00:22:34,750 --> 00:22:36,860
ambapo, kiasi kama
umri wa sinema, ujumbe huu

529
00:22:36,860 --> 00:22:39,360
mapenzi binafsi destruct katika sekunde 10.

530
00:22:39,360 --> 00:22:42,050
kawaida sana, mapenzi
vifaa, iphone kati yao,

531
00:22:42,050 --> 00:22:47,500
tu kuifuta wenyewe, kufuta
wenyewe baada ya 10 sio sahihi majaribio.

532
00:22:47,500 --> 00:22:49,140
Kwa hiyo ni jambo zuri au baya?

533
00:22:49,140 --> 00:22:52,870
Sasa, hebu kuweka juu zaidi ya
meneja wa bidhaa kofia.

534
00:22:52,870 --> 00:22:55,860
Nini nzuri kuhusu hili?

535
00:22:55,860 --> 00:22:58,540
Kwa nini hii ni kipengele chanya?

536
00:22:58,540 --> 00:22:59,950
>> [INTERPOSING SAUTI]

537
00:22:59,950 --> 00:23:01,350
>> Hakuna upatikanaji wa habari yako.

538
00:23:01,350 --> 00:23:04,710
Hivyo sasa, si tu kuwa na wewe
umepungua adui chini,

539
00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:07,320
kama una wale
wakati ucheleweshaji bandia,

540
00:23:07,320 --> 00:23:10,480
lakini umefanya pia kuhakikisha kwamba kama
yeye au yeye screws up mara 10,

541
00:23:10,480 --> 00:23:12,730
sasa dirisha la
nafasi ni gone tu.

542
00:23:12,730 --> 00:23:14,090
Wameweza tu alikuwa majaribio 10.

543
00:23:14,090 --> 00:23:18,050
Na uwezekano wa kupata
kujibu nje sahihi ya majaribio 10

544
00:23:18,050 --> 00:23:21,690
wakati kuna 10,000
uwezekano ni 1 kati ya 1,000.

545
00:23:21,690 --> 00:23:24,384
Hivyo 10 kugawanywa na 10,000-- 1 zaidi ya 1,000.

546
00:23:24,384 --> 00:23:25,800
Lakini hata si kwamba wote kuwa nzuri.

547
00:23:25,800 --> 00:23:28,520
Hivyo tutaweza kuja nyuma maamuzi yangu
kujisikia vizuri kuhusu uwezekano kwamba

548
00:23:28,520 --> 00:23:30,186
kwa sababu ni kweli anahisi fulani juu.

549
00:23:30,186 --> 00:23:31,640
Ni 1/10 ya asilimia.

550
00:23:31,640 --> 00:23:34,734
Nini mbaya kuhusu kipengele hiki ingawa?

551
00:23:34,734 --> 00:23:36,700
>> Watazamaji: Ni mbaya because--

552
00:23:36,700 --> 00:23:37,450
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

553
00:23:37,450 --> 00:23:38,591
Ni nini maana katika mikono yangu?

554
00:23:38,591 --> 00:23:40,591
>> Watazamaji: Kama alivyofanya si
kupoteza yake, na uko tu

555
00:23:40,591 --> 00:23:41,850
kujaribu kupata katika simu yako.

556
00:23:41,850 --> 00:23:42,600
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

557
00:23:42,600 --> 00:23:45,600
Basi nini kama kumekuwa hakuna maelewano,
yako tu aina ya aliwasihi,

558
00:23:45,600 --> 00:23:47,440
wewe ni idiot, wewe
kusahau nywila yako.

559
00:23:47,440 --> 00:23:50,087
Na hivyo si kwamba
haina maana, hasa

560
00:23:50,087 --> 00:23:51,920
kama huna kuingia kwenye
simu yako kwamba mara nyingi

561
00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:55,220
au wewe ni aliwasihi wakati
kufanya hivyo, labda wewe mwenyewe

562
00:23:55,220 --> 00:23:57,870
mistype kanuni yako mara 11.

563
00:23:57,870 --> 00:24:01,110
Na sasa, Dammit, wameweza
tu kufutika kifaa yako mwenyewe.

564
00:24:01,110 --> 00:24:03,950
Hivyo hii pia ni aina ya mandhari
katika kompyuta na kompyuta

565
00:24:03,950 --> 00:24:04,990
sayansi ya biashara awamu ya pili.

566
00:24:04,990 --> 00:24:07,380
Kuna kweli ni mara chache jibu sahihi.

567
00:24:07,380 --> 00:24:10,947
Kuna tu vyema zaidi
au jibu chini ya gharama kubwa.

568
00:24:10,947 --> 00:24:12,530
Na katika kesi hii, kuna biashara-off.

569
00:24:12,530 --> 00:24:14,390
One, takwimu zetu ni
kidogo salama zaidi, ikiwa ni

570
00:24:14,390 --> 00:24:16,100
anapata katika mikono ya baadhi adui.

571
00:24:16,100 --> 00:24:18,890
Lakini siwezi risasi mwenyewe katika
mguu na kupaka, ajali,

572
00:24:18,890 --> 00:24:22,940
data yangu mwenyewe kama mimi si kweli kupata
kwamba nenosiri haki ndani ya kwanza 10

573
00:24:22,940 --> 00:24:23,699
nyakati.

574
00:24:23,699 --> 00:24:24,490
Basi nini kushinikiza?

575
00:24:24,490 --> 00:24:25,810
Jinsi gani sisi kurekebisha kwamba?

576
00:24:25,810 --> 00:24:28,500
Je, sisi kutupa kipengele nje
kabisa, kama tuko Apple, na kusema,

577
00:24:28,500 --> 00:24:32,520
hii anahisi mbaya kwa sababu tunakwenda
have-- kama tuna moja irate wateja,

578
00:24:32,520 --> 00:24:34,649
hii si hali
tunataka kuwakaribisha.

579
00:24:34,649 --> 00:24:37,190
Watazamaji: Sisi encrypted na kisha
sisi zinalipwa kificho kwa namna fulani

580
00:24:37,190 --> 00:24:41,435
na Apple au chochote [inaudible].

581
00:24:41,435 --> 00:24:42,726
DAVID Malan: Je, unaweza kufafanua?

582
00:24:42,726 --> 00:24:43,601
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

583
00:24:43,601 --> 00:24:46,564

584
00:24:46,564 --> 00:24:47,230
DAVID Malan: Sawa.

585
00:24:47,230 --> 00:24:52,190
Hivyo labda sisi si kufanya hili kuifuta kitu,
ambayo anahisi kidogo overly makubwa.

586
00:24:52,190 --> 00:24:54,620
Mbona sisi tu kuweka
data encrypted?

587
00:24:54,620 --> 00:24:58,120
Naam, hivyo katika kesi hii, Apple tayari
haina kuweka data encrypted.

588
00:24:58,120 --> 00:25:00,920
Na nini kuweka adui
kutokana na kuona data yako encrypted

589
00:25:00,920 --> 00:25:02,990
ni bahati mbaya kwamba nenosiri.

590
00:25:02,990 --> 00:25:06,445
>> Hivyo nambari ya siri kwa ufanisi unlocks
data ili wakati ni scrambled,

591
00:25:06,445 --> 00:25:09,570
kama wewe ni kufanya tu ya simu, kama
haraka kama wewe kuingia katika na nambari ya siri hiyo,

592
00:25:09,570 --> 00:25:11,650
ni unscrambled na
user unaweza kuona.

593
00:25:11,650 --> 00:25:13,450
Hivyo ni tayari uliosimbwa.

594
00:25:13,450 --> 00:25:17,330
Lakini kama tunataka kuepuka kuifuta
data, lakini sisi kwa namna fulani

595
00:25:17,330 --> 00:25:20,290
wanataka kuwa na jibu nzuri
kwenye mstari mteja msaada

596
00:25:20,290 --> 00:25:25,390
kama hayupo wenye nia au
wasahaulifu user ina ajali

597
00:25:25,390 --> 00:25:28,390
kufutika simu yake kwa sababu wao
mistyped nenosiri mara 11, ni nini

598
00:25:28,390 --> 00:25:30,050
ufumbuzi tunaweza kutoa?

599
00:25:30,050 --> 00:25:33,950
Jinsi mwingine naweza sisi
kutatua tatizo hilo sasa?

600
00:25:33,950 --> 00:25:34,450
Yeah.

601
00:25:34,450 --> 00:25:36,074
>> Watazamaji: Huduma kwa wateja [inaudible].

602
00:25:36,074 --> 00:25:43,244

603
00:25:43,244 --> 00:25:43,910
DAVID Malan: Sawa.

604
00:25:43,910 --> 00:25:45,680
Hivyo hiyo ni nzuri.

605
00:25:45,680 --> 00:25:49,360
Hivyo labda bila kutumia
kutegemea kuifuta,

606
00:25:49,360 --> 00:25:52,850
tunaweza kuwa na baadhi ya nje ya bendi
utaratibu kwa ajili ya kutatua tatizo hili.

607
00:25:52,850 --> 00:25:55,600
Na kwa nje ya bendi, I mean wewe
wala kuingiliana tu na simu,

608
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:59,960
labda wewe kunyakua simu ya mtu mwingine au
email na kuongea na huduma kwa wateja.

609
00:25:59,960 --> 00:26:02,410
Na labda wanakuuliza
maswali ya kawaida ya, vizuri,

610
00:26:02,410 --> 00:26:04,290
nini jina lako, nini
tarehe ya kuzaliwa yako, nini

611
00:26:04,290 --> 00:26:09,870
ni mwisho tarakimu nne ya yako
idadi ya usalama ya kijamii au nchi ID.

612
00:26:09,870 --> 00:26:11,320
>> Na nini nzuri kuhusu hilo?

613
00:26:11,320 --> 00:26:13,430
Naam, bila shaka, pamoja na
uwezekano mkubwa, ni

614
00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:15,920
inakuwezesha na wewe tu katika
simu yako kwa sababu labda wao

615
00:26:15,920 --> 00:26:17,099
kutuma nambari ya siri muda.

616
00:26:17,099 --> 00:26:19,390
Na hii haipo katika
Apple kesi, lakini labda wao

617
00:26:19,390 --> 00:26:20,820
je kutuma wewe nenosiri la muda.

618
00:26:20,820 --> 00:26:23,040
Unaweza kupata katika, na uko nyuma katika njia yako.

619
00:26:23,040 --> 00:26:25,245
Lakini nini upande wa chini
ya ufumbuzi huu?

620
00:26:25,245 --> 00:26:27,065
>> Watazamaji: Kama mtu
akiiba utambulisho wako,

621
00:26:27,065 --> 00:26:29,050
wapate kuwa na upatikanaji
kwa habari hii yote.

622
00:26:29,050 --> 00:26:29,800
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

623
00:26:29,800 --> 00:26:32,110
Kama mtu akiiba yako
identity-- na kusema ukweli,

624
00:26:32,110 --> 00:26:34,550
si wote kuwa ngumu,
hasa wakati makampuni mengi

625
00:26:34,550 --> 00:26:35,859
kuuliza maswali sawa.

626
00:26:35,859 --> 00:26:37,650
Nini jina lako, nini
anwani yako, nini

627
00:26:37,650 --> 00:26:40,191
ni mwisho tarakimu nne ya yako
idadi ya usalama ya kijamii, nini

628
00:26:40,191 --> 00:26:43,680
Ilikuwa mnyama wako favorite, nini
Ilikuwa mzazi wako favorite

629
00:26:43,680 --> 00:26:45,281
au chochote maswali inaweza kuwa.

630
00:26:45,281 --> 00:26:48,280
Na kwa kweli, kama kando, nimekuwa niliona,
baada tu siku nyingine kujazwa

631
00:26:48,280 --> 00:26:52,170
maswali nje kama haya,
maswali katika jitihada busara

632
00:26:52,170 --> 00:26:57,204
kuwa kidogo kidogo vizuri inayojulikana
ni kupata inazidi binafsi.

633
00:26:57,204 --> 00:27:00,370
Na haraka kama wewe kuanza kutoa hii
tidbit wa habari kwamba ili kweli

634
00:27:00,370 --> 00:27:03,392
kuwa siri kwa kampuni hii, na kwa
kampuni hii, na kwa kampuni hii,

635
00:27:03,392 --> 00:27:06,600
na kwa kampuni hii, siyo kwenda
muda mrefu kabla ya baadhi aggregates kampuni

636
00:27:06,600 --> 00:27:07,900
aina hii ya habari.

637
00:27:07,900 --> 00:27:09,860
Na hivyo umefanya aliiambia
kidogo rahisi siri,

638
00:27:09,860 --> 00:27:13,330
kama rafiki yako bora kupanda juu, kwa
wote wa makampuni haya ya mtu binafsi.

639
00:27:13,330 --> 00:27:16,900
Na hivi karibuni kutosha, una mashambulizi
inayojulikana kama uhandisi wa kijamii, ambapo

640
00:27:16,900 --> 00:27:20,237
mtu tu hujigeuza awe mfano wewe juu ya
simu au spoofs barua pepe yako

641
00:27:20,237 --> 00:27:21,570
na kwa namna fulani anapata katika simu.

642
00:27:21,570 --> 00:27:22,790
>> Hivyo mimi nina si liking hiyo.

643
00:27:22,790 --> 00:27:26,240
Ni ufumbuzi inawezekana, lakini
hebu tuseme mimi si liking hiyo.

644
00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:29,730
Hebu kwenda nyuma ya suala hili katika
mkono ambapo simu ni encrypted

645
00:27:29,730 --> 00:27:34,440
na tumekuwa si kuwezeshwa aina fulani
utaratibu utatokomea.

646
00:27:34,440 --> 00:27:39,900
Lakini mimi do-- badala yake, mimi na kuwezeshwa
baadhi utaratibu utatokomea,

647
00:27:39,900 --> 00:27:42,510
lakini mimi hata hivyo wanataka
ili kutuliza mteja ambaye

648
00:27:42,510 --> 00:27:44,970
ajali anamfuta simu yake.

649
00:27:44,970 --> 00:27:46,920
Jinsi kingine tunaweza kutatua tatizo hilo?

650
00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:48,160
>> Watazamaji: Tengeneza ziada.

651
00:27:48,160 --> 00:27:48,920
>> DAVID Malan: Tengeneza ziada.

652
00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:50,990
Na hakika, hii ni jinsi gani
Apple hutokea kwa kufanya hivyo.

653
00:27:50,990 --> 00:27:53,964
Moja ya motisha ya iCloud ni
hasa Haya urahisi si tu

654
00:27:53,964 --> 00:27:56,380
na kupumzika uhakika kwamba wote
ya picha yako na kila kitu

655
00:27:56,380 --> 00:27:59,710
ni yanayoambatana, lakini katika kesi hii
kwa sababu kama kifaa yako binafsi,

656
00:27:59,710 --> 00:28:04,610
kama ni iPod, au iPhone, au
iPad ni kupotea, au kuibiwa, au kwa ajali

657
00:28:04,610 --> 00:28:07,820
au kwa makusudi kufutika, angalau
yote ya takwimu yako ni mahali pengine.

658
00:28:07,820 --> 00:28:10,130
Na unaweza tu kwenda kununua
au kukopa mwingine iPhone.

659
00:28:10,130 --> 00:28:13,180
Unaweza kurejesha kutoka Backup,
hivyo kusema, kutoka iCloud,

660
00:28:13,180 --> 00:28:14,640
na uko nyuma juu na kukimbia.

661
00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:16,260
>> Sasa, kuna biashara-off huko.

662
00:28:16,260 --> 00:28:19,660
Uwezekano, Apple sasa ina
kupata yote ya kwamba data huo.

663
00:28:19,660 --> 00:28:21,320
Na tunaweza kuja nyuma na kwamba muda fulani.

664
00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:24,780
Lakini angalau sasa, tumekuwa kutatuliwa
tatizo kwa njia tofauti.

665
00:28:24,780 --> 00:28:27,880
>> Na kama wewe taswira hii
hadithi line katika macho ya akili yako,

666
00:28:27,880 --> 00:28:30,900
unaweza labda kuona kwamba kila
wakati sisi kutatua problem--

667
00:28:30,900 --> 00:28:36,130
aina ya kufunika up leak katika hose,
baadhi Tatizo jingine haitoi mahali pengine.

668
00:28:36,130 --> 00:28:38,530
Sisi ni kweli tu kusukuma
Tatizo mahali pengine.

669
00:28:38,530 --> 00:28:41,150
Na katika kesi ya
adui na ucheleweshaji wakati,

670
00:28:41,150 --> 00:28:43,880
kweli nini sisi ni kufanya ni
sisi siyo kushika adui nje,

671
00:28:43,880 --> 00:28:47,190
sisi ni kuongeza tu bar juu ya
ambayo yeye au yeye ana kuruka ili

672
00:28:47,190 --> 00:28:49,310
kwa kweli kupata upatikanaji wa takwimu zetu.

673
00:28:49,310 --> 00:28:53,160
>> Hivyo wakati wowote, tangu sasa, wewe kwenda
tovuti, au kusoma baadhi ya karatasi nyeupe,

674
00:28:53,160 --> 00:28:58,780
au baadhi ya CTO au CSO atakwambia, loo, yetu
mifumo ni secure-- ni ya baloney.

675
00:28:58,780 --> 00:29:02,480
Kuna kitu kuwa na maana
na "mifumo yetu ni salama"

676
00:29:02,480 --> 00:29:06,150
nyingine zaidi ya sisi kuchukua sekta
hatua kiwango cha probabilistic

677
00:29:06,150 --> 00:29:10,810
kuweka watu mbali yako
huduma au mbali na data yako.

678
00:29:10,810 --> 00:29:14,480
>> Sasa, hali Apple ina
wamezipata aina ya kuvutia

679
00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:16,650
kwa sababu wao tumekuwa
aliuliza kufanya kitu

680
00:29:16,650 --> 00:29:20,730
si kwamba kabisa kama rahisi kama
kugeuka juu data adui ya.

681
00:29:20,730 --> 00:29:22,450
Wameweza tayari amefanya hivyo kutokana na iCloud.

682
00:29:22,450 --> 00:29:25,320
Lakini sasa, FBI anataka
kupata katika simu hii.

683
00:29:25,320 --> 00:29:29,650
Na imani kwamba ni gani kwa kweli
kuwa utaratibu huu utatokomea kujengwa

684
00:29:29,650 --> 00:29:33,030
katika baada ya 10 attempts-- na mimi
kuamini kwamba kwa sababu wao

685
00:29:33,030 --> 00:29:36,680
inaonekana katika backups na barabara
Kipengele hii inaonekana kuwa kuwezeshwa,

686
00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:38,700
na mimi kudhani wao hawana
unataka lazima

687
00:29:38,700 --> 00:29:41,720
kujaribu na kupoteza nje moja
ya jitihada zao 10

688
00:29:41,720 --> 00:29:44,170
kuthibitisha au kukataa kipengele hiki.

689
00:29:44,170 --> 00:29:49,510
>> Na hao pia, unfortunately-- na
hii ni aina ya kejeli yake

690
00:29:49,510 --> 00:29:54,380
wote, kata ambapo hii
wenzake kazi kweli

691
00:29:54,380 --> 00:29:58,430
inayomilikiwa na alikuwa kulipa kwa ajili ya maalum
software-- kifaa usimamizi software--

692
00:29:58,430 --> 00:30:01,550
kwamba alikuwa ni imewekwa
juu ya phones-- wafanyakazi wao '

693
00:30:01,550 --> 00:30:04,820
hivyo simu katika swali ni kweli
hali mali au mali kata kwamba

694
00:30:04,820 --> 00:30:06,240
ilikuwa kutumiwa na mfanyakazi.

695
00:30:06,240 --> 00:30:10,580
Na laiti wao imewekwa mapema
hii programu ya usimamizi kifaa,

696
00:30:10,580 --> 00:30:13,660
wangeweza kuwa na
rahisi click juu ya PC au Mac

697
00:30:13,660 --> 00:30:15,865
unlocked simu hii trivially.

698
00:30:15,865 --> 00:30:18,740
Lakini kwa bahati mbaya, hawakuwa na
programu kwamba kweli imewekwa.

699
00:30:18,740 --> 00:30:21,510
>> Hivyo kuna njia bado mengine
kushughulikia aina hii ya suala hilo.

700
00:30:21,510 --> 00:30:24,590
Haina kuwa nyeusi
sanduku katika mfuko mfanyakazi wako.

701
00:30:24,590 --> 00:30:25,460
Lakini wao hawana.

702
00:30:25,460 --> 00:30:27,210
Na hivyo sasa sisi ni kukwama
na hali

703
00:30:27,210 --> 00:30:31,290
na iPhone encrypted kwamba mapenzi
literally self-- mapenzi figuratively

704
00:30:31,290 --> 00:30:34,340
utatokomea baada
10 sio sahihi majaribio.

705
00:30:34,340 --> 00:30:37,240
Na FBI anataka kupata
data mbali ya simu hiyo.

706
00:30:37,240 --> 00:30:42,627
>> Basi hebu tuangalie nini Tim
Cook imetangaza dunia

707
00:30:42,627 --> 00:30:43,710
na wamechukua msimamo huu ujasiri.

708
00:30:43,710 --> 00:30:46,080
Kama wameweza si kusoma, basi
mimi kwenda mbele na kufanya hili.

709
00:30:46,080 --> 00:30:51,690
Kama Ningependa ama kwenye yako
kompyuta kwenda hii URL hapa,

710
00:30:51,690 --> 00:30:55,750
au siwezi kunyakua kwa ajili yenu baadhi ya nakala ya karatasi.

711
00:30:55,750 --> 00:30:59,090
Mbona sisi tu kuchukua
dakika mbili, kama wewe ungekuwa,

712
00:30:59,090 --> 00:31:04,800
na kusoma barua halisi kwamba Tim
Cook aliandika kwa wateja Apple.

713
00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:08,062
Na tutaweza kuona kama tunaweza si basi
tease mbali nini ni kweli maana yake.

714
00:31:08,062 --> 00:31:09,770
Na hivyo nimekuwa ikizunguka
mambo machache katika hili.

715
00:31:09,770 --> 00:31:12,750
Lakini hebu angalia kama hatuwezi distill
nini hasa kuwa alisema hapa

716
00:31:12,750 --> 00:31:15,660
na ambapo halisi
mambo ya kuvutia ni siri.

717
00:31:15,660 --> 00:31:22,120
Hivyo mimi kwa mfano, juu ya aya
starting-- chini ya San Bernardino

718
00:31:22,120 --> 00:31:26,747
kesi, aya kuanzia
"Tuna heshima kubwa kwa,"

719
00:31:26,747 --> 00:31:28,830
Tim Cook hukumu ya mwisho
Ni hii. "Wao wameomba

720
00:31:28,830 --> 00:31:31,110
sisi kujenga backdoor kwa iPhone. "

721
00:31:31,110 --> 00:31:33,510
Hii ni kawaida kutumika maneno,
"Mlango wa nyuma" kwa kitu fulani.

722
00:31:33,510 --> 00:31:36,010
Je, hii kwa kweli
maana, kama bora unaweza kuwaambia,

723
00:31:36,010 --> 00:31:37,691
kutokana na kile umesoma hapa au mahali pengine?

724
00:31:37,691 --> 00:31:38,440
Watazamaji: Hack yake.

725
00:31:38,440 --> 00:31:40,820
DAVID Malan: Wanataka kuwa na uwezo
hack yake, na hiyo ina maana gani?

726
00:31:40,820 --> 00:31:42,110
Ni nini backdoor?

727
00:31:42,110 --> 00:31:43,710
>> Watazamaji: kuingia hatua mbadala?

728
00:31:43,710 --> 00:31:44,460
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

729
00:31:44,460 --> 00:31:45,800
Hivyo ni mbadala kuingia hatua.

730
00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:47,680
Mengi kama nyumba halisi
ambapo una mlango wa mbele,

731
00:31:47,680 --> 00:31:50,721
na wakati mwingine mlango wa nyuma ambapo wewe ni
zinatakiwa kuja katika mlango wa mbele

732
00:31:50,721 --> 00:31:53,990
na labda si sana nyuma
mlango, isipokuwa wewe ni pale,

733
00:31:53,990 --> 00:31:57,510
FBI ni kuuliza kwa
mfano nyuma door-- njia nyingine

734
00:31:57,510 --> 00:32:01,880
ya kupata katika simu ambayo si
tu kidole binadamu kugusa kificho

735
00:32:01,880 --> 00:32:03,370
na kupata katika katika njia ya kawaida.

736
00:32:03,370 --> 00:32:07,070
Wanataka kwa namna fulani slurp data off,
labda kwa cable, labda wirelessly,

737
00:32:07,070 --> 00:32:10,830
au wanataka kwa namna fulani kuwa na uwezo wa
pembejeo code, pengine, kwa simu

738
00:32:10,830 --> 00:32:13,330
bila kutumia tu mbichi kidole binadamu.

739
00:32:13,330 --> 00:32:16,285
>> Hivyo wao allude, katika
aya ya pili,

740
00:32:16,285 --> 00:32:18,910
"FBI anataka sisi kufanya mpya
toleo la iPhone uendeshaji

741
00:32:18,910 --> 00:32:23,250
mfumo, na hivyo kuwa kadhaa
makala muhimu usalama. "

742
00:32:23,250 --> 00:32:27,870
Hivyo ni kwa nini FBI kuuliza Apple
kufanya mfumo mpya wa uendeshaji?

743
00:32:27,870 --> 00:32:30,410
Hiyo inaonekana kuwa aina
ya kiini cha suala hili?

744
00:32:30,410 --> 00:32:31,130
Hakuna?

745
00:32:31,130 --> 00:32:33,476
Kwa nini unafikiri wao
kuwa na kusema kwamba?

746
00:32:33,476 --> 00:32:36,300

747
00:32:36,300 --> 00:32:37,960
Jinsi ni ufumbuzi wa tatizo?

748
00:32:37,960 --> 00:32:40,430
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

749
00:32:40,430 --> 00:32:41,180
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

750
00:32:41,180 --> 00:32:42,715
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

751
00:32:42,715 --> 00:32:43,590
DAVID Malan: Hasa.

752
00:32:43,590 --> 00:32:46,881
toleo la iOS, mfumo wa uendeshaji
kwamba mbio kwenye simu sasa,

753
00:32:46,881 --> 00:32:50,020
ina wote wa hatua za usalama
kwamba sisi walikuwa wakijadili awali,

754
00:32:50,020 --> 00:32:52,610
Kwa mfano, wakati
kuchelewesha, uwezekano

755
00:32:52,610 --> 00:32:55,940
utatokomea utaratibu, kila
ambao ni mbaya zaidi hasa.

756
00:32:55,940 --> 00:33:00,900
Na hivyo data ni juu kuna
encrypted, na kama bora tunaweza kujua,

757
00:33:00,900 --> 00:33:05,610
Apple namna fulani maduka ya data tofauti na
operesheni za msingi za phone--

758
00:33:05,610 --> 00:33:07,030
mfumo wa uendeshaji.

759
00:33:07,030 --> 00:33:11,020
Na hivyo inaweza kuonekana kuwa
inawezekana kufunga mpya wa uendeshaji

760
00:33:11,020 --> 00:33:14,660
mfumo kwenye simu bila
kugusa data ya mtumiaji.

761
00:33:14,660 --> 00:33:18,090
>> Kwa kweli, ikiwa mtu wa kwenu na
milele updated Mac OS au Windows,

762
00:33:18,090 --> 00:33:20,340
ingekuwa be-- hopefully,
ni walidhani kwenda kwa njia hii.

763
00:33:20,340 --> 00:33:23,020
Hopefully, wewe tumekuwa na uwezo wa update
mfumo wa uendeshaji wako kutoka wakubwa

764
00:33:23,020 --> 00:33:25,180
toleo na toleo karibu zaidi
bila kuanzia juu,

765
00:33:25,180 --> 00:33:26,870
bila kufuta wote wa files yako.

766
00:33:26,870 --> 00:33:28,410
Sasa, baadhi ya una pengine
alikuwa na uzoefu ambapo

767
00:33:28,410 --> 00:33:29,868
kuwa haina kwenda kulingana na mpango.

768
00:33:29,868 --> 00:33:32,920
Lakini katika nadharia, hii inapaswa kuwa
possible-- update mfumo wa uendeshaji,

769
00:33:32,920 --> 00:33:35,440
lakini si kufuta au
kugusa data halisi.

770
00:33:35,440 --> 00:33:38,970
>> Hivyo FBI ni kupendekeza kwamba Apple
kujenga mfumo wa uendeshaji ambayo

771
00:33:38,970 --> 00:33:42,770
hana hizi aina ya ulinzi
taratibu, imewekwa kwenye simu

772
00:33:42,770 --> 00:33:45,330
ili waweze kupata data.

773
00:33:45,330 --> 00:33:46,740
Sasa, jinsi ni kwamba inawezekana?

774
00:33:46,740 --> 00:33:49,510
Je, si mtuhumiwa
mwenyewe, ambaye sasa ni marehemu,

775
00:33:49,510 --> 00:33:52,540
kuwa na kufunga kwamba
programu kwa ajili ya FBI?

776
00:33:52,540 --> 00:33:55,932
Je, ni FBI kuhesabu juu hapa?

777
00:33:55,932 --> 00:33:57,828
>> Watazamaji: Kuiondoa chini kwa namna fulani?

778
00:33:57,828 --> 00:33:59,250
Hiyo ilikuwa ni swali langu.

779
00:33:59,250 --> 00:34:01,720
Jinsi gani unaweza kufunga ni kama
huwezi kuingia kwenye hilo?

780
00:34:01,720 --> 00:34:02,470
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

781
00:34:02,470 --> 00:34:02,970
Hasa.

782
00:34:02,970 --> 00:34:05,540
Hivyo ungependa wanaonekana kuwa na
kuku na tatizo yai hapa,

783
00:34:05,540 --> 00:34:08,989
ambapo, unaweza kudhani,
update programu,

784
00:34:08,989 --> 00:34:10,400
unahitaji kuingia ndani ya simu.

785
00:34:10,400 --> 00:34:13,380
Lakini kuingia katika simu,
haja ya update programu ili

786
00:34:13,380 --> 00:34:15,909
kuepuka njia hizi upande wa utetezi.

787
00:34:15,909 --> 00:34:17,330
>> Hivyo lets sababu tu nyuma.

788
00:34:17,330 --> 00:34:22,010
Hivyo si lazima kuwa programu
katika Apple, kile ambacho ni lazima kesi?

789
00:34:22,010 --> 00:34:26,848
Kama FBI anadhani anaweza kufanya hivyo,
kile ambacho ni lazima kesi mantiki?

790
00:34:26,848 --> 00:34:28,347
ni jibu la swali hilo ni nini?

791
00:34:28,347 --> 00:34:31,420

792
00:34:31,420 --> 00:34:35,159
>> Ni lazima kuwa inawezekana
kufanya, labda, kwa namna fulani.

793
00:34:35,159 --> 00:34:37,600
Hivyo jinsi gani unaweza kufanya hivyo?

794
00:34:37,600 --> 00:34:42,620
Wote ni ni user na
iPhone, labda Mac au PC,

795
00:34:42,620 --> 00:34:45,860
labda cable, labda
uhusiano wa mtandao.

796
00:34:45,860 --> 00:34:49,679
Jinsi gani FBI kuwa
Kutokana Apple wanaweza kufanya hivyo?

797
00:34:49,679 --> 00:34:51,710
>> Watazamaji: Labda kupitia
updates moja kwa moja?

798
00:34:51,710 --> 00:34:52,460
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

799
00:34:52,460 --> 00:34:54,679
Hivyo sana katika Vogue hizi
siku ni updates moja kwa moja

800
00:34:54,679 --> 00:34:56,770
ambapo Android simu,
na iPhone, Windows Simu,

801
00:34:56,770 --> 00:34:59,400
whatnot mapenzi tu
moja kwa moja download updates.

802
00:34:59,400 --> 00:35:02,750
Hivyo labda Apple naweza tu
update mfumo wa uendeshaji,

803
00:35:02,750 --> 00:35:05,280
kama FBI ameomba, kuweka
nakala ya uendeshaji mpya

804
00:35:05,280 --> 00:35:09,100
mfumo katika wingu juu ya
server yao, na tusubiri

805
00:35:09,100 --> 00:35:12,940
kwa ajili ya simu mtuhumiwa kuungana
moja kwa moja, kama pengine

806
00:35:12,940 --> 00:35:15,420
anafanya usiku au kila
dakika tano au kitu,

807
00:35:15,420 --> 00:35:17,500
kubomoa mfumo mpya wa uendeshaji.

808
00:35:17,500 --> 00:35:19,420
>> Sasa, hebu pause kwa muda tu.

809
00:35:19,420 --> 00:35:22,262
Pengine hawataki kufanya
kwamba kwa kila mtu duniani,

810
00:35:22,262 --> 00:35:23,970
vinginevyo tuna
hata kubwa tatizo.

811
00:35:23,970 --> 00:35:26,270
Naam, labda FBI ili kama
kufanya hivyo kwa kila mtu duniani,

812
00:35:26,270 --> 00:35:28,000
lakini pengine si kwenda juu vizuri.

813
00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:31,620
Hivyo tu kufikiri kimantiki
hapa, ni kwamba inawezekana?

814
00:35:31,620 --> 00:35:32,660
Ni kwamba mhalifu mpango?

815
00:35:32,660 --> 00:35:37,370
Je, unaweza unaendelea nje ya programu ya
tu user moja katika mazingira hayo?

816
00:35:37,370 --> 00:35:38,896
Jinsi gani, unafikiri?

817
00:35:38,896 --> 00:35:41,830
>> Watazamaji: Wewe kufanya hivyo inapatikana
tu kwa anuani ya barua ya kifaa hiki.

818
00:35:41,830 --> 00:35:42,580
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

819
00:35:42,580 --> 00:35:44,110
Tu kwa anuani ya barua ya kifaa hiki.

820
00:35:44,110 --> 00:35:46,180
Na labda kwamba anwani
ni baadhi anuani nambari.

821
00:35:46,180 --> 00:35:47,730
Labda ni kifaa namba ya simu.

822
00:35:47,730 --> 00:35:50,730
Labda ni kifaa
Apple ID, kama wewe ni ukoo,

823
00:35:50,730 --> 00:35:52,560
kama anwani ya barua pepe
kwamba matumizi ya binadamu

824
00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:56,210
kuingia kwenye that-- kwa moja kwa moja
updates wa Hifadhi App.

825
00:35:56,210 --> 00:35:58,210
Hivyo kuna pengine ni njia ya kufanya hivyo.

826
00:35:58,210 --> 00:36:01,370
>> Hivyo kuwa mfumo wa uendeshaji
kwa kila mtu duniani,

827
00:36:01,370 --> 00:36:04,330
isipokuwa kwa mtu huyu mmoja ambaye ana
version yake ya uendeshaji

828
00:36:04,330 --> 00:36:05,520
mfumo kupata vunjwa chini.

829
00:36:05,520 --> 00:36:07,250
Sasa, labda ni si kwenye mtandao.

830
00:36:07,250 --> 00:36:09,844
Labda hiyo ndiyo kidogo
rahisi kusema kuliko kutenda.

831
00:36:09,844 --> 00:36:11,010
Basi nini utaratibu mwingine?

832
00:36:11,010 --> 00:36:14,093
Naam, ilikuwa si wote kwamba zamani kwamba
wengi wetu hapa, Android au iPhone,

833
00:36:14,093 --> 00:36:17,600
walikuwa kuhuisha simu zetu kupitia cable--
aina fulani ya USB cable kushikamana

834
00:36:17,600 --> 00:36:18,479
kwa Mac au PC yako.

835
00:36:18,479 --> 00:36:20,020
Na kwamba inaweza vizuri sana kuwa iwezekanavyo.

836
00:36:20,020 --> 00:36:25,070
>> Na kwa kweli, hii ni arguably usalama
flaw katika toleo la sasa la iOS,

837
00:36:25,070 --> 00:36:28,080
na iphone kwa ujumla zaidi,
kwamba kwa kweli ni iwezekanavyo.

838
00:36:28,080 --> 00:36:32,480
Unaweza update programu kwenye
simu bila kufungua simu,

839
00:36:32,480 --> 00:36:33,460
ingekuwa kuonekana.

840
00:36:33,460 --> 00:36:35,310
Sasa, kwa nini ni kwamba usalama flaw?

841
00:36:35,310 --> 00:36:39,660
Kwa sababu wao wamefungua wenyewe
kwa hasa aina hii ya ombi.

842
00:36:39,660 --> 00:36:44,786
>> Hivyo kama kando, matokeo ambayo inaonekana
kuepukika kutoka mchakato mzima

843
00:36:44,786 --> 00:36:47,660
ni hakuna njia ambayo inaenda
kuwa inawezekana na toleo la pili,

844
00:36:47,660 --> 00:36:48,710
unaweza kudhani, ya iOS.

845
00:36:48,710 --> 00:36:49,210
Haki?

846
00:36:49,210 --> 00:36:51,980
Wangeweza kuwa kwa makusudi
amefungwa yao hands-- Apple-- hivyo

847
00:36:51,980 --> 00:36:53,470
kwamba hii si hata iwezekanavyo.

848
00:36:53,470 --> 00:36:57,050
>> Sasa, wameweza pengine wamekuwa kuchukua
kwamba kwa sababu tu wao wenyewe chanzo

849
00:36:57,050 --> 00:37:00,420
kificho kwa iOS kwamba hii
si kweli tishio

850
00:37:00,420 --> 00:37:03,990
kwa sababu hakuna mtu kwenda kukaa chini
na kujenga nzima mfumo wa uendeshaji

851
00:37:03,990 --> 00:37:06,040
na kufikiri jinsi ya
kufunga hiyo kwenye iPhone.

852
00:37:06,040 --> 00:37:09,666
Lakini ni hakika inawezekana sasa kwa
tu zinahitaji nambari ya siri kusonga mbele

853
00:37:09,666 --> 00:37:11,040
kufunga huu mfumo wa uendeshaji.

854
00:37:11,040 --> 00:37:12,789
>> Hivyo hiyo ni kiini cha
nini re kuuliza.

855
00:37:12,789 --> 00:37:17,860
Na picha kubwa kwamba tunaweza
kuahirisha kwa labda chakula cha mchana style

856
00:37:17,860 --> 00:37:20,200
kuzungumza au chakula cha jioni meza style
chat-- serikali

857
00:37:20,200 --> 00:37:23,800
unaonyesha kwamba chombo hiki naweza
kutumika mara moja tu kwenye simu moja.

858
00:37:23,800 --> 00:37:27,590
Na hapo ndipo faragha
Washtakiwa kweli

859
00:37:27,590 --> 00:37:31,860
kuleta baadhi nguvu ya kuvumilia kuwa
inaonekana tu mantiki sana.

860
00:37:31,860 --> 00:37:36,030
Haraka kama programu kweli lipo,
maombi hakika ziada za kisheria mapenzi

861
00:37:36,030 --> 00:37:39,870
kuja, hakika kuna hatari ya baadhi
bad guy kupata upatikanaji wa aina hiyo

862
00:37:39,870 --> 00:37:42,560
ya programu, kufunga ni
naye au mwenyewe kwenye simu,

863
00:37:42,560 --> 00:37:46,000
na hivyo wewe ni kufungua tu, ni
kuonekana, unaweza wa minyoo.

864
00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:48,690
>> Sasa, hata Obama hivi karibuni,
kama wameweza kusoma au kusikiliza

865
00:37:48,690 --> 00:37:50,640
na mmoja wa hivi karibuni yake
hotuba, maoni,

866
00:37:50,640 --> 00:37:53,830
Nadhani, kwamba folks walionekana kuwa
fetishizing simu zao, hivyo kusema,

867
00:37:53,830 --> 00:37:58,222
ambapo sisi tumekubali zaidi ya miaka 300
ukweli kwamba polisi kwa kibali

868
00:37:58,222 --> 00:38:00,180
hopefully wanaweza kuja katika
nyumba yako au unaweza kutafuta

869
00:38:00,180 --> 00:38:02,720
kupitia yaliyomo ya
drawers yako au whatnot,

870
00:38:02,720 --> 00:38:06,590
na bado, sisi wanaonekana kuwa kuweka
simu juu ya huu ambapo pedestal

871
00:38:06,590 --> 00:38:08,829
ni lazima kuwa kinga ya macho yote prying.

872
00:38:08,829 --> 00:38:11,870
Lakini napenda kusema, kusema ukweli, kutoka
mtazamo kompyuta mwanasayansi, kwamba

873
00:38:11,870 --> 00:38:15,370
ni kweli progress-- ukweli kwamba
sisi sasa kuwa na njia hisabati

874
00:38:15,370 --> 00:38:19,770
kwa kweli kuweka data kweli salama na
njia ya jambo hili aitwaye encryption,

875
00:38:19,770 --> 00:38:22,490
na tutaweza kurudi kwa
katika kidogo tu.

876
00:38:22,490 --> 00:38:27,510
>> Hivyo maswali yoyote kuhusu
yoyote ya kuwa bado tu?

877
00:38:27,510 --> 00:38:31,870
Naam, napenda kuonyesha tu
jinsi kuna, kwa kweli, kwa njia moja

878
00:38:31,870 --> 00:38:34,200
kwa brute nguvu njia yako ndani ya simu.

879
00:38:34,200 --> 00:38:36,240
Na kwa kweli, hii ni
si nje ya swali.

880
00:38:36,240 --> 00:38:40,000
Hii ni video short YouTube
ya kimsingi kidogo robot mtu

881
00:38:40,000 --> 00:38:45,570
kujengwa kwamba hana huu na pedi kidogo.

882
00:38:45,570 --> 00:38:46,830
>> Na mimi kusahau ni nini.

883
00:38:46,830 --> 00:38:49,830
Hii ni kwa kutumia Android simu kwa sababu
simu Android, katika kesi hii,

884
00:38:49,830 --> 00:38:51,210
ni hatari kwa shambulio hilo.

885
00:38:51,210 --> 00:38:52,440
Itakuwa si umeisha.

886
00:38:52,440 --> 00:38:55,530
Haina kuongeza
kuchelewesha kati ya majaribio.

887
00:38:55,530 --> 00:38:59,490
Na hivyo unaweza tu kufanya Haya mimi
kufikiri kwa kama siku tatu, nadhani,

888
00:38:59,490 --> 00:39:01,390
Ilikuwa maelezo katika video hii.

889
00:39:01,390 --> 00:39:03,730
Baada ya siku tatu, hii
funny kuangalia kifaa

890
00:39:03,730 --> 00:39:06,390
hack katika Android
simu ambayo ina four-- labda

891
00:39:06,390 --> 00:39:07,900
ilikuwa ni sita tarakimu nenosiri.

892
00:39:07,900 --> 00:39:12,530
Kwa hiyo mjihadhari kitu kama hii
unaweza kuona hii juu ya meza karibu na wewe.

893
00:39:12,530 --> 00:39:14,059
>> ingawa hii ni utaratibu moja.

894
00:39:14,059 --> 00:39:15,600
Kwa hiyo kile ni Apple kweli kuuliza kwa?

895
00:39:15,600 --> 00:39:16,710
Makala hii ni tena kidogo.

896
00:39:16,710 --> 00:39:19,550
Na ni tu makala nyingine
tutaweza kusoma leo kwenye karatasi au online.

897
00:39:19,550 --> 00:39:22,860
Lakini ngoja kuwakaribisha kuchukua
pengine dakika nne au hivyo

898
00:39:22,860 --> 00:39:25,770
kuangalia zifuatazo.

899
00:39:25,770 --> 00:39:28,160
Hii ni URL tena hapa.

900
00:39:28,160 --> 00:39:29,950
Lakini kama una
slides wazi katika tabo,

901
00:39:29,950 --> 00:39:33,140
pengine unaweza tu nakala na kuweka
hii kutoka slides wenyewe.

902
00:39:33,140 --> 00:39:37,130
Na mimi kuwa printout hapa, kama wewe
ungependelea kweli kuangalia juu ya karatasi.

903
00:39:37,130 --> 00:39:40,470
>> Hii ni makala zaidi ya kiufundi
kwamba kutakuwa na kutupatia fursa

904
00:39:40,470 --> 00:39:43,580
kwa kweli tease mbali
zaidi ya kiufundi jargon,

905
00:39:43,580 --> 00:39:47,575
na kuona nini waandishi kweli maana.

906
00:39:47,575 --> 00:39:51,090
Hivyo kama unahitaji kuweka kumaliza up--
lakini napenda toss swali huko nje,

907
00:39:51,090 --> 00:39:54,680
kulingana na kile umesoma, kuna
yoyote buzzwords, hukumu, madai,

908
00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:57,350
kwamba tunapaswa kwanza
kutafsiri au distill

909
00:39:57,350 --> 00:40:00,252
kwamba bila kufanya kila kitu
zaidi moja kwa moja?

910
00:40:00,252 --> 00:40:03,090

911
00:40:03,090 --> 00:40:05,070
Chochote wakati wote?

912
00:40:05,070 --> 00:40:08,400
Hivyo kama mimi kuanza pop jaribio us
juu ya nini hukumu fulani mean,

913
00:40:08,400 --> 00:40:09,610
tuwe sawa?

914
00:40:09,610 --> 00:40:10,310
Oh, kuna sisi kwenda.

915
00:40:10,310 --> 00:40:10,810
SAWA.

916
00:40:10,810 --> 00:40:13,165
Watazamaji: [inaudible]
kujenga baadhi ya kanuni katika RAM.

917
00:40:13,165 --> 00:40:14,040
DAVID Malan: Oh, RAM.

918
00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:14,540
SAWA.

919
00:40:14,540 --> 00:40:16,060
Yeah.

920
00:40:16,060 --> 00:40:19,124
RAM-- napenda kufafanua kwanza na
tutaweza kurudi kwa uhakika kwamba.

921
00:40:19,124 --> 00:40:20,399
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

922
00:40:20,399 --> 00:40:22,190
DAVID Malan: Nini
wao ni kuuliza kwa hapo.

923
00:40:22,190 --> 00:40:22,690
SAWA.

924
00:40:22,690 --> 00:40:25,164
Hivyo kama ufafanuzi, RAM
ni Random Access Memory.

925
00:40:25,164 --> 00:40:27,580
Hii ni aina ya kumbukumbu
kwamba wote wa kompyuta yetu kuwa.

926
00:40:27,580 --> 00:40:31,060
Ni tofauti na ngumu
disk au disk hali imara.

927
00:40:31,060 --> 00:40:34,480
Na hali ngumu disk au ngumu disk ni
ambapo data yako ni kuhifadhiwa kwa muda mrefu.

928
00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:37,490
Hivyo wakati wewe unplug kamba,
hata wakati betri yako akifa,

929
00:40:37,490 --> 00:40:41,240
data yoyote au mipango kwamba una juu ya
gari yako ngumu au gari hali ngumu

930
00:40:41,240 --> 00:40:42,240
kubaki huko.

931
00:40:42,240 --> 00:40:45,380
>> RAM, wakati huo huo ni aina ya kumbukumbu
kwamba, wakati wewe bonyeza mara mbili icon,

932
00:40:45,380 --> 00:40:47,530
au kufungua baadhi ya faili, au
kukimbia baadhi ya mpango, ni

933
00:40:47,530 --> 00:40:51,390
kunakiliwa kutoka gari ngumu au
hali ngumu gari katika RAM.

934
00:40:51,390 --> 00:40:54,440
RAM inaelekea kuwa kasi,
pamoja na gharama kubwa zaidi.

935
00:40:54,440 --> 00:40:57,210
Na hapo ndipo files na mipango
kuishi wakati wao ni kuwa kutumika.

936
00:40:57,210 --> 00:40:59,510
>> Hivyo tutaweza kuja nyuma
maana ya kwamba katika muda tu.

937
00:40:59,510 --> 00:41:01,840
Lakini kwa wale usio wa kawaida,
kwamba ni nini kwamba wote kuhusu.

938
00:41:01,840 --> 00:41:04,420
Na simu na hilo pia.

939
00:41:04,420 --> 00:41:09,250
Yoyote ya ufafanuzi nyingine au
ufafanuzi tunaweza kufanya?

940
00:41:09,250 --> 00:41:09,750
Sawa.

941
00:41:09,750 --> 00:41:13,710
Hivyo pop jaribio ni nini
ni tatu, angalau,

942
00:41:13,710 --> 00:41:17,890
mambo ambayo FBI ni mahsusi kwa
kuuliza Apple kwa kitaalam?

943
00:41:17,890 --> 00:41:24,360

944
00:41:24,360 --> 00:41:26,064
Mmoja wao haina kweli yanahusiana na RAM.

945
00:41:26,064 --> 00:41:27,230
Hivyo hiyo ni spoiler huko.

946
00:41:27,230 --> 00:41:28,925
Na tutaweza kuja nyuma na kwamba maana yake ni nini.

947
00:41:28,925 --> 00:41:32,580

948
00:41:32,580 --> 00:41:35,679
Lakini ni nini serikali inataka?

949
00:41:35,679 --> 00:41:37,470
Yeah, Chris, unataka
kutupa mtu mwingine?

950
00:41:37,470 --> 00:41:42,140
>> Watazamaji: Nadhani uwezo wa
umeme nguvu brute password,

951
00:41:42,140 --> 00:41:44,640
DAVID Malan: Yeah, umeme
brute nguvu nywila.

952
00:41:44,640 --> 00:41:47,866
Tena, brute force-- haraka kurejea,
nini brute kulazimisha maana?

953
00:41:47,866 --> 00:41:49,575
>> Watazamaji: Jaribu
idadi ya mchanganyiko.

954
00:41:49,575 --> 00:41:50,365
DAVID Malan: Tena.

955
00:41:50,365 --> 00:41:51,000
Hasa.

956
00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:53,730
Tu kujaribu tena, na tena,
na tena, kupitia nguvu brute,

957
00:41:53,730 --> 00:41:55,550
si kupitia akili, si kupitia ujanja.

958
00:41:55,550 --> 00:41:57,500
Tu kujaribu kila uwezekano darn.

959
00:41:57,500 --> 00:42:00,470
Hivyo serikali inataka njia
ili kuepuka brute force-- wao

960
00:42:00,470 --> 00:42:03,500
wanataka njia ya kuwa na uwezo wa
nguvu brute hivyo umeme,

961
00:42:03,500 --> 00:42:06,134
na umeme kinyume na nini?

962
00:42:06,134 --> 00:42:07,030
>> Watazamaji: Manually.

963
00:42:07,030 --> 00:42:07,946
>> DAVID Malan: Manually.

964
00:42:07,946 --> 00:42:10,370
Hivyo kinyume na FBI kikali
kimwili kuandika mambo katika,

965
00:42:10,370 --> 00:42:12,870
na kama kinyume na silly kuangalia
vifaa kama moja sisi tu

966
00:42:12,870 --> 00:42:16,759
nikaona, moja kwa moja kuchomwa yao, wao
labda wanataka kufanya hivyo wirelessly.

967
00:42:16,759 --> 00:42:19,300
Na kwa kweli, kama kusoma
serikali request-- mahakama

968
00:42:19,300 --> 00:42:21,680
document-- kupitia Bluetooth,
Wi-Fi, chochote

969
00:42:21,680 --> 00:42:23,910
ni possible-- au labda
kupitia cable umeme

970
00:42:23,910 --> 00:42:25,820
kwamba plugs katika
kupiga simu yenyewe ambayo ingeweza

971
00:42:25,820 --> 00:42:28,760
kuwa na uhusiano kupitia USB kwa baadhi
kukatwakatwa kifaa kwamba wana.

972
00:42:28,760 --> 00:42:32,510
>> Hivyo wanataka uwezo wa brute
kulazimisha simu kielektroniki

973
00:42:32,510 --> 00:42:36,960
ili waweze tu kufanya hivyo kwa kasi
kuliko binadamu au robot inaweza kufanya hivyo.

974
00:42:36,960 --> 00:42:40,100
Wanataka kwa namna fulani RAM--
napenda kusoma kwamba hukumu.

975
00:42:40,100 --> 00:42:43,360
"Ni anataka Apple kubuni hii
vilema programu, uendeshaji mpya

976
00:42:43,360 --> 00:42:48,280
mfumo, kwa kuwa kubeba katika kumbukumbu,
AKA RAM, badala ya juu ya disk

977
00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:51,140
ili data kwenye simu
bado forensically sauti

978
00:42:51,140 --> 00:42:52,380
na si kuwa ilibadilika. "

979
00:42:52,380 --> 00:42:57,920
>> Hivyo si wazi kwetu, wasomaji,
hasa ambapo data ni kuhifadhiwa

980
00:42:57,920 --> 00:43:00,200
na ambapo uendeshaji
mfumo ni kuhifadhiwa.

981
00:43:00,200 --> 00:43:02,800
Lakini labda, kama
suala la kanuni katika sheria,

982
00:43:02,800 --> 00:43:06,020
Serikali haina
wanataka hatari mutating

983
00:43:06,020 --> 00:43:10,180
yoyote ya bits-- yoyote ya sekunde 0
na 1s, au data juu ya drive--

984
00:43:10,180 --> 00:43:13,380
kwa kuweka mpya wa uendeshaji
mfumo kwenye disk ngumu yenyewe,

985
00:43:13,380 --> 00:43:16,024
isije kuwa kufungua yao juu
kwa madai kwamba kusubiri

986
00:43:16,024 --> 00:43:19,190
dakika kwamba faili haikuwa awali
kuna wakati mtuhumiwa inayomilikiwa simu.

987
00:43:19,190 --> 00:43:21,600
>> Badala yake wanataka kuweka
mfumo wa uendeshaji katika RAM,

988
00:43:21,600 --> 00:43:26,270
Random Access Memory, ambayo ni hii
kasi kasi eneo ambalo ni tofauti,

989
00:43:26,270 --> 00:43:28,720
kimwili, kutoka disk halisi ngumu.

990
00:43:28,720 --> 00:43:32,320
Bila shaka, mfumo wa uendeshaji haina
kawaida kwenda huko katika ukamilifu wake,

991
00:43:32,320 --> 00:43:35,250
hivyo hiyo ni ombi zisizo yasiyo na maana.

992
00:43:35,250 --> 00:43:39,280
Hivyo sisi tumepewa ombi hili RAM,
sisi tumepewa ombi hili nguvu brute,

993
00:43:39,280 --> 00:43:42,425
na mtu mwingine angalau.

994
00:43:42,425 --> 00:43:44,050
Nini kingine ni serikali kuomba?

995
00:43:44,050 --> 00:43:44,549
Ben?

996
00:43:44,549 --> 00:43:46,410
Watazamaji: Ondoa majira kuchelewa.

997
00:43:46,410 --> 00:43:47,160
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

998
00:43:47,160 --> 00:43:49,040
Ondoa kwamba majira
kuchelewa, ambayo katika kesi hii

999
00:43:49,040 --> 00:43:55,470
ni sekunde ngapi, au
milliseconds, or-- 80 milliseconds?

1000
00:43:55,470 --> 00:43:57,310
Ambayo sauti pretty kufunga.

1001
00:43:57,310 --> 00:44:02,870
I mean binadamu wengi wanaweza taarifa tu
ucheleweshaji wa 100 200 milliseconds

1002
00:44:02,870 --> 00:44:04,770
kabla ya kitu kweli anahisi polepole.

1003
00:44:04,770 --> 00:44:07,330
Lakini 80 milliseconds ni
takribani 100 milliseconds.

1004
00:44:07,330 --> 00:44:11,900
Na 1,000 milliseconds ni ya pili.

1005
00:44:11,900 --> 00:44:16,890
Hivyo hiyo ni like-- unaweza kufanya 10
majaribio kwa pili, kutoa au kuchukua.

1006
00:44:16,890 --> 00:44:20,230
>> Hivyo kwamba anahisi pretty haraka,
lakini si karibu kasi ya kutosha

1007
00:44:20,230 --> 00:44:21,930
kama nimepata sita tarakimu code.

1008
00:44:21,930 --> 00:44:24,330
Na kwa kweli, makala
hufanya kutaja ya kwamba pia.

1009
00:44:24,330 --> 00:44:27,550
Hivyo kama wewe nimepata tarakimu nne
kanuni, kama sisi kujadiliwa kabla,

1010
00:44:27,550 --> 00:44:30,200
unaweza kuwa moja, mbili, tatu, nne.

1011
00:44:30,200 --> 00:44:34,880
>> Na kila moja ya namba hizi Unaweza
kuwa namba 0 kupitia 9.

1012
00:44:34,880 --> 00:44:38,710
Hivyo hiyo ni 10 uwezekano mara 10
uwezekano mara uwezekano 10

1013
00:44:38,710 --> 00:44:39,630
mara 10.

1014
00:44:39,630 --> 00:44:43,170
Na hii ni mahali ambapo sisi
got kwamba 10,000 kutoka.

1015
00:44:43,170 --> 00:44:45,140
Kama una 6 tarakimu
kanuni, bila shaka

1016
00:44:45,140 --> 00:44:49,840
tu kuongeza hii hapa, ambayo ni
nyingine 10, na mwingine 10, ambayo

1017
00:44:49,840 --> 00:44:52,360
ina maana tunaweza kuongeza tu mwingine 0.

1018
00:44:52,360 --> 00:44:55,600
Na sasa, tuko hadi
milioni uwezekano.

1019
00:44:55,600 --> 00:45:01,520
>> Hivyo kama mhandisi, kama 6 ni pia
chache, million-- kwamba bado

1020
00:45:01,520 --> 00:45:04,450
anahisi duni, hasa
kama unaweza kufanya 10 kwa pili.

1021
00:45:04,450 --> 00:45:07,600
Inakatisha kidogo, lakini
unaweza kufanya hivyo kupitia nguvu brute.

1022
00:45:07,600 --> 00:45:12,717
Nini inaweza kuwa bora
kuliko 6 tarakimu nenosiri?

1023
00:45:12,717 --> 00:45:13,300
Nini ni bora?

1024
00:45:13,300 --> 00:45:15,900
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible] tatu au barua
na michanganyiko tofauti [inaudible].

1025
00:45:15,900 --> 00:45:16,330
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1026
00:45:16,330 --> 00:45:17,830
Basi hebu kuchukua wote wa wale kwa zamu.

1027
00:45:17,830 --> 00:45:21,970
Hivyo kidogo bora kuliko sita
tarakimu nenosiri inaweza kuwa, bila shaka,

1028
00:45:21,970 --> 00:45:25,710
saba tarakimu nenosiri, ambayo inatoa
sisi milioni 10 uwezekano, na tu

1029
00:45:25,710 --> 00:45:26,707
tarakimu ziada.

1030
00:45:26,707 --> 00:45:29,790
Bora kuliko ingawa kwamba itakuwa 8
tarakimu nenosiri, 9 tarakimu nenosiri, 10

1031
00:45:29,790 --> 00:45:30,630
tarakimu nenosiri.

1032
00:45:30,630 --> 00:45:31,630
>> Lakini kushinikiza nyuma, sasa.

1033
00:45:31,630 --> 00:45:34,460
Sasa, wewe si mhandisi
au usalama mtu.

1034
00:45:34,460 --> 00:45:37,220
Sasa uko meneja wa bidhaa
au masoko mtu.

1035
00:45:37,220 --> 00:45:42,270
Kwa nini ni saba tarakimu nenosiri si
bora kuliko sita tarakimu nenosiri

1036
00:45:42,270 --> 00:45:46,001
kwa baadhi ufafanuzi wa "bora"?

1037
00:45:46,001 --> 00:45:47,626
Watazamaji: Ni inachukua muda mrefu kwa mtumiaji.

1038
00:45:47,626 --> 00:45:48,130
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1039
00:45:48,130 --> 00:45:49,560
Inachukua muda mrefu kwa mtumiaji.

1040
00:45:49,560 --> 00:45:51,690
Inachukua click ziada.

1041
00:45:51,690 --> 00:45:55,237
Na kidogo zaidi compellingly
pia, napenda kusema, ni nini?

1042
00:45:55,237 --> 00:45:56,112
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1043
00:45:56,112 --> 00:45:56,862
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1044
00:45:56,862 --> 00:45:59,712
Ni vigumu kidogo kukumbuka
tena na tena anapata.

1045
00:45:59,712 --> 00:46:01,920
Sisi binadamu, angalau katika
Marekani, na aina ya maxed nje

1046
00:46:01,920 --> 00:46:03,239
katika tatu 10 kwa namba za simu.

1047
00:46:03,239 --> 00:46:06,030
Na hata kwamba, najua kama tatu
ya watu namba za simu siku hizi.

1048
00:46:06,030 --> 00:46:07,740
Basi hiyo ni aina ya safisha.

1049
00:46:07,740 --> 00:46:11,870
>> Hivyo kuna hatua ambapo ni tu si
nzuri user experience-- au UX ingekuwa

1050
00:46:11,870 --> 00:46:13,600
kuwa njia trendy ya kusema kwamba.

1051
00:46:13,600 --> 00:46:15,620
Kwa hiyo kile ni bora kuliko tu kwa kutumia tatu?

1052
00:46:15,620 --> 00:46:18,320
Naam, badala ya 10
uwezekano, kwa nini sio sisi tu

1053
00:46:18,320 --> 00:46:23,830
kupata zaidi clever-- na badala yake
ya kutumia tatu 10, 0 kupitia 9.

1054
00:46:23,830 --> 00:46:27,340
>> Jinsi kingine tunaweza kufanya
6 tarakimu passcode--

1055
00:46:27,340 --> 00:46:30,470
6 ishara nenosiri salama zaidi?

1056
00:46:30,470 --> 00:46:31,680
Je, wewe kupendekeza?

1057
00:46:31,680 --> 00:46:32,380
Letters.

1058
00:46:32,380 --> 00:46:37,890
Hivyo badala ya labda tarakimu, kwa nini sio sisi
tu kufanya barua, kama 26 mara 26 mara

1059
00:46:37,890 --> 00:46:41,130
26-- na wow, hii ni kweli
kupata kufunga pretty kubwa.

1060
00:46:41,130 --> 00:46:43,760
>> Hivyo kama mimi kwenda here-- hii
ni calculator yangu kidogo.

1061
00:46:43,760 --> 00:46:48,690
Na kama mimi kufanya mara 10 mara 10
10 mara 10 mara 10 mara 10.

1062
00:46:48,690 --> 00:46:50,850
Hiyo ambapo tulipata
milioni uwezekano

1063
00:46:50,850 --> 00:46:52,450
kutoka kwa 6 tarakimu nenosiri.

1064
00:46:52,450 --> 00:46:58,280
Lakini kama badala tuko kufanya 26
Mara nyakati 26 26 nyakati nyingine 26,

1065
00:46:58,280 --> 00:47:05,980
26, 26-- hii sasa ni kutoa
sisi milioni 308 uwezekano.

1066
00:47:05,980 --> 00:47:10,116
>> Na ni kwamba busara
kubadili kutoka idadi ya barua

1067
00:47:10,116 --> 00:47:11,240
na bado kuwa ni 6 tarakimu?

1068
00:47:11,240 --> 00:47:14,030
Hii ina maana unahitaji 6 barua neno.

1069
00:47:14,030 --> 00:47:17,241
Wengi wetu pengine kukumbuka
sita tarakimu English au lugha nyingine

1070
00:47:17,241 --> 00:47:17,740
neno.

1071
00:47:17,740 --> 00:47:19,010
Hiyo ni pretty nafuu.

1072
00:47:19,010 --> 00:47:22,220
>> Lakini hatuna haja ya kuzuia
wenyewe kwa barua tu.

1073
00:47:22,220 --> 00:47:23,930
Mbona mimi kupata kidogo zaidi kabambe?

1074
00:47:23,930 --> 00:47:29,080
Nini kinaweza kuwa kidogo
bora kuliko barua hapa?

1075
00:47:29,080 --> 00:47:31,667
Kuwa mhandisi kupendekeza
ufumbuzi bora zaidi.

1076
00:47:31,667 --> 00:47:32,574
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1077
00:47:32,574 --> 00:47:34,240
DAVID Malan: wahusika combination--.

1078
00:47:34,240 --> 00:47:39,920
Hivyo si barua 26 tu, lakini kama mimi kuongeza
nyuma namba hizo kutoka kabla, vizuri,

1079
00:47:39,920 --> 00:47:42,760
kila kitu inaenda wrong-- hiyo ni 36.

1080
00:47:42,760 --> 00:47:43,990
Hiyo ni bado 26.

1081
00:47:43,990 --> 00:47:47,900
Hiyo ni 36 mara 36 times-- na kadhalika.

1082
00:47:47,900 --> 00:47:49,360
Hivyo hiyo kupata kubwa.

1083
00:47:49,360 --> 00:47:54,980
>> Kiasi gani kubwa tunaweza kupata hii
kushughulikia nafasi, kama mtu anaweza kusema?

1084
00:47:54,980 --> 00:47:57,300
Nini kingine unaweza kuongeza katika
badala herufi na namba?

1085
00:47:57,300 --> 00:47:58,065
Mimi nina hadi 36.

1086
00:47:58,065 --> 00:48:00,196
Mimi nina 26, kupitia z.

1087
00:48:00,196 --> 00:48:01,120
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1088
00:48:01,120 --> 00:48:01,870
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1089
00:48:01,870 --> 00:48:03,510
Hivyo tunaweza kweli kwenda
mambo na keyboard.

1090
00:48:03,510 --> 00:48:05,270
Au hata zaidi tu,
tunaweza kuitunza rahisi.

1091
00:48:05,270 --> 00:48:05,660
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1092
00:48:05,660 --> 00:48:06,430
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1093
00:48:06,430 --> 00:48:10,070
Kama sisi kwenda kubwa na
lowercase, sasa nina 26 plus 26.

1094
00:48:10,070 --> 00:48:13,300
Hivyo hiyo ni 52 already-- pamoja na mwingine 10.

1095
00:48:13,300 --> 00:48:15,080
Hiyo ni 62.

1096
00:48:15,080 --> 00:48:17,200
Na tu kuona
matokeo ya hili,

1097
00:48:17,200 --> 00:48:18,970
sasa, hebu tu kufanya mwingine kidogo ya math.

1098
00:48:18,970 --> 00:48:24,640
Hivyo mara 62 62 nyakati 62
mara 62 mara 62 mara 62.

1099
00:48:24,640 --> 00:48:30,850
Hiyo sasa ni kunipa 56
bilioni uwezekano.

1100
00:48:30,850 --> 00:48:32,960
>> Na bado ni aina ya busara.

1101
00:48:32,960 --> 00:48:36,230
Inaweza binadamu kukumbuka
6 symbol-- ambapo

1102
00:48:36,230 --> 00:48:39,380
ishara ni tu barua au
idadi tabia password?

1103
00:48:39,380 --> 00:48:39,880
Pengine.

1104
00:48:39,880 --> 00:48:42,600
Hiyo haina kujisikia kwamba wote maana.

1105
00:48:42,600 --> 00:48:44,010
Basi nini zaidi tunaweza kuongeza katika?

1106
00:48:44,010 --> 00:48:48,600
Na kama kando, ina mtu yeyote hapa,
umewahi kusikia maneno ya msingi 64?

1107
00:48:48,600 --> 00:48:49,470
Msingi 64?

1108
00:48:49,470 --> 00:48:52,386
>> Hivyo tutaweza kuja nyuma kesho hii
wakati sisi majadiliano juu ya uwakilishi.

1109
00:48:52,386 --> 00:48:54,910
Long hadithi fupi, sisi sote
binadamu katika chumba zaidi uwezekano

1110
00:48:54,910 --> 00:48:57,560
kuelewa msingi 10,
kinachojulikana mfumo decimal.

1111
00:48:57,560 --> 00:49:00,509
Na sote katika chumba hiki
kuhesabu kwa kutumia sekunde 0 kupitia 9s.

1112
00:49:00,509 --> 00:49:03,300
Sisi ni kwenda kuona kesho, katika
undani zaidi, kwamba makosa kompyuta

1113
00:49:03,300 --> 00:49:06,410
kutumia sekunde 0 na 1s tu,
kinachojulikana mfumo binary.

1114
00:49:06,410 --> 00:49:08,410
Hivyo dec-- decimal-- ni 10.

1115
00:49:08,410 --> 00:49:09,980
Bi-- binary-- ni 2.

1116
00:49:09,980 --> 00:49:13,250
>> Zinageuka kuna pia msingi 64 kwa
ambayo kuna si, kwa ufahamu wangu,

1117
00:49:13,250 --> 00:49:14,340
kweli dhana neno.

1118
00:49:14,340 --> 00:49:19,030
Lakini hiyo ina maana kwamba una
si 0 kupitia 1 au 0 kupitia 9,

1119
00:49:19,030 --> 00:49:22,090
wewe kimsingi kuwa na 0 kupitia 64.

1120
00:49:22,090 --> 00:49:24,450
Lakini wewe kutumia barua katika kuwa mchanganyiko.

1121
00:49:24,450 --> 00:49:28,750
Na hivyo tutaweza kweli kuona kwamba
njia ambayo kompyuta, kwa mfano,

1122
00:49:28,750 --> 00:49:32,620
ambatisha files katika barua pepe hizi
days-- email, bila shaka,

1123
00:49:32,620 --> 00:49:37,130
inaweza kuwa na picha juu ya it-- labda
hata sauti au faili movie.

1124
00:49:37,130 --> 00:49:38,630
Lakini email ni maandishi tu.

1125
00:49:38,630 --> 00:49:43,360
>> Ni zinageuka kuwa unaweza kuwakilisha
mambo kama muziki, na video,

1126
00:49:43,360 --> 00:49:46,210
na picha na kama
kama maandishi kwa kutumia kitu

1127
00:49:46,210 --> 00:49:49,940
aitwaye msingi 64 ambapo matumizi si tu
barua lowercase, na kesi ya juu

1128
00:49:49,940 --> 00:49:55,770
barua, na idadi, lakini
Pia tabia underscore

1129
00:49:55,770 --> 00:49:58,030
na kufyeka kwenye keyboard.

1130
00:49:58,030 --> 00:49:59,322
Hivyo zaidi juu ya kwamba kuja.

1131
00:49:59,322 --> 00:50:00,780
Hivyo hii ni kupata tu kubwa kweli kweli.

1132
00:50:00,780 --> 00:50:02,970
Na sasa, kama usalama
mtafiti, ni jinsi gani wewe

1133
00:50:02,970 --> 00:50:06,327
kufanya kupita kificho hata salama zaidi?

1134
00:50:06,327 --> 00:50:09,160
Sisi ni sasa kwa kutumia herufi kesi ya chini,
kesi barua ya juu, na idadi.

1135
00:50:09,160 --> 00:50:11,118
Na wewe mapendekezo, Victoria,
muda tu ago--

1136
00:50:11,118 --> 00:50:12,890
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1137
00:50:12,890 --> 00:50:14,140
DAVID Malan: Dots ni ishara.

1138
00:50:14,140 --> 00:50:15,750
Na sasa, sisi ni kweli tu
aina ya kupata mambo.

1139
00:50:15,750 --> 00:50:17,900
Sisi ni kutumia yote ya
funguo kwenye keyboard.

1140
00:50:17,900 --> 00:50:21,080
Na napenda makisio
kwamba kuna watu 128, kutoa

1141
00:50:21,080 --> 00:50:23,990
au kuchukua, uwezekano
kwenye keyboard ya kawaida,

1142
00:50:23,990 --> 00:50:25,490
kutegemea lugha yako na vile.

1143
00:50:25,490 --> 00:50:27,140
Na kuna wanaweza hata kuwa zaidi ya hapo.

1144
00:50:27,140 --> 00:50:31,090
>> Hivyo sasa, hebu kudhani kuwa bado
tuko tu kutumia 6 tarakimu nenosiri

1145
00:50:31,090 --> 00:50:33,900
na kwamba ni kwa nini nina 6 ya wale 128.

1146
00:50:33,900 --> 00:50:36,261
Hebu kuona kama naweza kutamka hili sasa.

1147
00:50:36,261 --> 00:50:36,760
Sawa.

1148
00:50:36,760 --> 00:50:42,370
Hivyo hiyo ni mamilioni, billions--
nne quadrillion uwezekano,

1149
00:50:42,370 --> 00:50:44,840
kama mimi kuhesabiwa hii
correctly-- nne quadrillion.

1150
00:50:44,840 --> 00:50:47,850
Napenda tu kuangalia mara mbili, isije
Mimi kuwa na kuongeza chumvi usalama wetu.

1151
00:50:47,850 --> 00:50:51,151
>> Hivyo hiyo ni mamia ya maelfu,
millions-- sorry, trillions.

1152
00:50:51,151 --> 00:50:52,900
Mimi overestimated na
sababu ya elfu.

1153
00:50:52,900 --> 00:50:54,350
Samahani.

1154
00:50:54,350 --> 00:50:56,480
trilioni 4 uwezekano.

1155
00:50:56,480 --> 00:50:57,760
Hivyo hiyo ni salama zaidi, haki?

1156
00:50:57,760 --> 00:51:02,530
Hasa wakati tulianza mjadala huu
na 1 kati ya 10,000 codes iwezekanavyo.

1157
00:51:02,530 --> 00:51:04,200
Sasa, sisi ni hadi trilioni 4.

1158
00:51:04,200 --> 00:51:08,080
>> Sasa, hii haina maana
simu ni "salama" kama

1159
00:51:08,080 --> 00:51:12,640
ni kwa kutumia nambari ya siri kwamba ni 6
wahusika kwa muda mrefu, ambayo kila mmoja

1160
00:51:12,640 --> 00:51:15,980
inaweza kuwa la posta, au barua, au
baadhi ishara funky juu ya keyboard?

1161
00:51:15,980 --> 00:51:22,070
Ni simu kupata sasa kama hii ni
kwa kweli ni nini mtuhumiwa alikuwa akitumia?

1162
00:51:22,070 --> 00:51:23,030
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1163
00:51:23,030 --> 00:51:23,780
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1164
00:51:23,780 --> 00:51:24,946
Na kwamba ni jibu kamili.

1165
00:51:24,946 --> 00:51:28,210
You masharti alieleza
kwamba kwa standards-- busara

1166
00:51:28,210 --> 00:51:33,090
probabilistically, wewe si kwenda
kupata katika simu hii wakati wowote hivi karibuni.

1167
00:51:33,090 --> 00:51:37,240
Hata hivyo kuna nafasi, kama ndogo
chance-- mmoja kati ya 4 trillion--

1168
00:51:37,240 --> 00:51:40,450
kwamba unaweza kweli kupata
kujibu haki juu ya mara ya kwanza.

1169
00:51:40,450 --> 00:51:43,680
>> Na ukweli ni, pia, kwamba kama
mtuhumiwa hii ni kama zaidi humans--

1170
00:51:43,680 --> 00:51:45,930
pengine wengi wetu katika
room-- yake yeye pengine

1171
00:51:45,930 --> 00:51:50,620
hakuwa na kuchagua baadhi nenosiri mambo na
alama funky juu ya muhimu kwa sababu kwa nini?

1172
00:51:50,620 --> 00:51:53,940
Wengi wetu bila kukumbuka
kitu ambacho ni hivyo funky kama hiyo.

1173
00:51:53,940 --> 00:51:58,590
Na hivyo pengine ni labda mtu
siku ya kuzaliwa, au baadhi ya neno, au baadhi ya maneno,

1174
00:51:58,590 --> 00:52:00,550
au kitu zaidi ya kukumbukwa.

1175
00:52:00,550 --> 00:52:05,270
>> Hivyo ni pengine hata kama "salama"
kama inaweza kuwa hesabu.

1176
00:52:05,270 --> 00:52:07,130
Hivyo ambapo gani hii kuondoka mambo?

1177
00:52:07,130 --> 00:52:11,490
Inabakia kuonekana nini
Apple ni kwenda kukubaliana na hapa.

1178
00:52:11,490 --> 00:52:15,480
Lakini ni hakika ina maana
zaidi kwa upana kwa jamii.

1179
00:52:15,480 --> 00:52:18,380
Lakini takeaways kwa leo
si sana legalities,

1180
00:52:18,380 --> 00:52:22,360
si sana maadili, au yoyote ya kwamba,
lakini kwa kweli uelewa wa nini

1181
00:52:22,360 --> 00:52:23,340
hasa kinachoendelea.

1182
00:52:23,340 --> 00:52:25,880
>> Na wakati wewe kusoma kitu
kama hii kwa kufikiri mwenyewe,

1183
00:52:25,880 --> 00:52:28,520
ni hii mwandishi tu kwa kutumia
buzzwords, ni pale kweli

1184
00:52:28,520 --> 00:52:32,797
nyama ya kiufundi kwa maoni hii, na
nini kinaweza mimi kwenda na Google katika kesi hii?

1185
00:52:32,797 --> 00:52:35,380
Na kwa kweli, pengine ni moja ya
mambo zaidi ya kiufundi katika hapa

1186
00:52:35,380 --> 00:52:39,850
Ilikuwa kutaja hii ya RAM au kumbukumbu,
na kwamba alikuwa tu kwa, labda,

1187
00:52:39,850 --> 00:52:43,450
suala la kisheria ambayo wao allude.

1188
00:52:43,450 --> 00:52:45,500
>> enclave salama ni,
Nadhani, Kareem, wewe

1189
00:52:45,500 --> 00:52:48,310
zilizotajwa hapo awali huu wazo la
kielelezo backoff, hivyo kusema

1190
00:52:48,310 --> 00:52:49,768
au mimi kuweka maneno hayo katika mdomo wako.

1191
00:52:49,768 --> 00:52:51,410
Na kwamba ni hulka si katika simu hii.

1192
00:52:51,410 --> 00:52:54,600
Ni inaonekana tu ana
80 millisecond kuchelewa

1193
00:52:54,600 --> 00:52:59,190
hivyo hana kupata mbaya, na
mbaya, na mbaya zaidi, baada ya muda.

1194
00:52:59,190 --> 00:52:59,760
Sawa.

1195
00:52:59,760 --> 00:53:01,828
Maswali yoyote?

1196
00:53:01,828 --> 00:53:02,950
Yeah, Dan.

1197
00:53:02,950 --> 00:53:07,877
>> Watazamaji: Kama huna akili mimi kuuliza,
wapi kusimama juu ya suala?

1198
00:53:07,877 --> 00:53:09,960
DAVID Malan: Napenda upande,
kabisa, na Apple.

1199
00:53:09,960 --> 00:53:12,990
Nadhani math si kitu
kwamba unapaswa poke mashimo katika.

1200
00:53:12,990 --> 00:53:17,700
Na nadhani ukweli ni,
kama hata makala hii anatoa mfano,

1201
00:53:17,700 --> 00:53:20,620
unaweza poke mashimo katika iPhone,
unaweza poke mashimo katika Android,

1202
00:53:20,620 --> 00:53:22,770
lakini kuna siku zote
kuwa baadhi ya mbadala

1203
00:53:22,770 --> 00:53:25,320
kuwa hususani
smart adui anaweza kutumia.

1204
00:53:25,320 --> 00:53:27,960
>> Basi hizi aina ya hatua
kweli tu kulinda sisi

1205
00:53:27,960 --> 00:53:32,340
dhidi dummies-- mdogo
wapinzani, ambayo ina thamani,

1206
00:53:32,340 --> 00:53:34,150
lakini ukweli ni
amedhamiria adui

1207
00:53:34,150 --> 00:53:38,250
mapenzi kabisa kuweka encrypting yake
au data wake kwa njia nyingine,

1208
00:53:38,250 --> 00:53:40,887
kama ni kupitia simu
maombi, maombi desktop.

1209
00:53:40,887 --> 00:53:42,720
Nadhani hii ni kuepukika,
na pia nadhani

1210
00:53:42,720 --> 00:53:44,937
hili ni jambo zuri kama
suala la kanuni.

1211
00:53:44,937 --> 00:53:49,807
>> Watazamaji: Swali langu ni, katika
Mwisho wa siku, [inaudible]

1212
00:53:49,807 --> 00:53:52,250
kuna guy yule
Unaweza kupata kila kitu.

1213
00:53:52,250 --> 00:53:53,360
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1214
00:53:53,360 --> 00:53:55,624
>> Watazamaji: Hivyo ni rahisi
kwa FBI [inaudible]

1215
00:53:55,624 --> 00:54:01,340
au mtu mwingine badala ya
makampuni mengine [inaudible]?

1216
00:54:01,340 --> 00:54:02,260
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1217
00:54:02,260 --> 00:54:04,770
Na nadhani, hasa katika
nchi hii, angalau ambapo

1218
00:54:04,770 --> 00:54:08,840
kulikuwa na Aya ya hivi karibuni
kama tu jinsi mbali NSA ana

1219
00:54:08,840 --> 00:54:12,910
imekuwa kwenda kuwa mimi, hasa siku hizi,
wala kununua hoja kwamba tutaweza tu

1220
00:54:12,910 --> 00:54:15,284
kuitumia katika kesi fulani.

1221
00:54:15,284 --> 00:54:16,700
Nadhani kwamba anaweka historia ya mbaya.

1222
00:54:16,700 --> 00:54:22,150
>> Na tayari, kuna msingi
paranoia tunapaswa kuwa.

1223
00:54:22,150 --> 00:54:25,900
Sisi sote, kama chumps, kama
utakuwa, ni kutembea karibu

1224
00:54:25,900 --> 00:54:32,370
na kamera, na vipaza sauti, na GPS
Responders katika mifuko yetu, kwa hiari,

1225
00:54:32,370 --> 00:54:36,830
kuwaambia mtu uwezekano, hata
kama ni tu Apple au tu Google,

1226
00:54:36,830 --> 00:54:38,560
ambapo sisi ni wakati wote.

1227
00:54:38,560 --> 00:54:41,900
Na kweli kuna kitu kuacha
Apple au baadhi mhandisi malicious

1228
00:54:41,900 --> 00:54:46,420
katika Apple kutoka kwa namna fulani
upachikaji katika iOS kipengele kwamba

1229
00:54:46,420 --> 00:54:52,030
anarudi tu kwenye kipaza sauti David Malan ya
24/7, na kuzituma kwamba data hadi Apple.

1230
00:54:52,030 --> 00:54:54,800
>> Na kwa kweli, ya kuvutia
upande kumbuka hapa hii

1231
00:54:54,800 --> 00:54:57,270
ni aina ya aina ya tayari
kinachotokea kama "kipengele."

1232
00:54:57,270 --> 00:55:02,670
Kama wewe kusoma habari kuhusu mwaka
iliyopita, Samsung kuanza, haki hivyo,

1233
00:55:02,670 --> 00:55:06,142
kuchukua baadhi flak katika vyombo vya habari kwa sababu
wana hawa "TV smart," ambapo

1234
00:55:06,142 --> 00:55:08,100
kama bora naweza kukuambia "smart
TV "kweli tu ina maana

1235
00:55:08,100 --> 00:55:09,680
"TV na interface mbaya mtumiaji."

1236
00:55:09,680 --> 00:55:12,910
Lakini "smart TV," kama
kazi ya vifaa, kawaida

1237
00:55:12,910 --> 00:55:15,850
ina kipaza sauti na
kamera siku hizi.

1238
00:55:15,850 --> 00:55:16,360
Na kwa nini?

1239
00:55:16,360 --> 00:55:19,434
Kwa nini TV haja
kipaza sauti au kamera?

1240
00:55:19,434 --> 00:55:20,360
>> Watazamaji: Skype.

1241
00:55:20,360 --> 00:55:22,302
>> DAVID Malan: Skype, ambayo
ni busara kama wewe

1242
00:55:22,302 --> 00:55:25,260
wanataka kuitumia katika chumba mkutano
au nyumbani kwa video conferencing--

1243
00:55:25,260 --> 00:55:26,610
pretty busara, pretty kulazimisha.

1244
00:55:26,610 --> 00:55:27,770
>> Watazamaji: Amri za sauti.

1245
00:55:27,770 --> 00:55:28,760
>> DAVID Malan: Sauti
commands-- kama unataka

1246
00:55:28,760 --> 00:55:31,780
kusema mabadiliko channel, kupunguza
kiasi, kuongeza kiasi, kuzima.

1247
00:55:31,780 --> 00:55:35,390
Hiyo si haina maana, la
Siri, na Google Sasa, na vile.

1248
00:55:35,390 --> 00:55:36,280
Kwa nini kingine?

1249
00:55:36,280 --> 00:55:38,281
>> Watazamaji: Kwa kupeleleza juu yenu.

1250
00:55:38,281 --> 00:55:39,030
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1251
00:55:39,030 --> 00:55:42,080
Hivyo kwamba ni nini
Paranoid ndani yetu anaweza kusema.

1252
00:55:42,080 --> 00:55:45,990
Na ukweli ni, iwe
na mdudu au nia ya makusudi,

1253
00:55:45,990 --> 00:55:47,380
hii inawezekana kabisa.

1254
00:55:47,380 --> 00:55:48,600
Hebu kuwapa baadhi ya mikopo.

1255
00:55:48,600 --> 00:55:51,610

1256
00:55:51,610 --> 00:55:54,260
Kwa nini huenda wewe, kama user, kwa kweli
wanataka kamera katika TV-- yako

1257
00:55:54,260 --> 00:55:55,940
au nini kipengele mapendekezo huko?

1258
00:55:55,940 --> 00:55:59,480

1259
00:55:59,480 --> 00:56:01,990
Kwa nini kuna kamera
katika chumba cha maisha yako

1260
00:56:01,990 --> 00:56:04,480
au katika chumba cha kulala yako
staring chini saa wewe all--

1261
00:56:04,480 --> 00:56:06,084
>> Watazamaji: Usalama [inaudible].

1262
00:56:06,084 --> 00:56:06,750
DAVID Malan: Sawa.

1263
00:56:06,750 --> 00:56:08,570
Usalama.

1264
00:56:08,570 --> 00:56:09,620
Unaweza kusema kuwa.

1265
00:56:09,620 --> 00:56:12,180
Katika kesi hiyo, siyo
sana TV za walaji

1266
00:56:12,180 --> 00:56:13,800
kwamba ni katika biashara ya usalama.

1267
00:56:13,800 --> 00:56:17,550
Katika kesi hiyo ni, kwa sababu
ya [inaudible] kipengele.

1268
00:56:17,550 --> 00:56:20,267
Kwa nini kuna kamera katika TV?

1269
00:56:20,267 --> 00:56:22,100
Watazamaji: Video michezo
kuchunguza [inaudible].

1270
00:56:22,100 --> 00:56:23,080
DAVID Malan: Sawa.

1271
00:56:23,080 --> 00:56:23,710
Yeah.

1272
00:56:23,710 --> 00:56:24,330
Karibu.

1273
00:56:24,330 --> 00:56:27,120
Na baadhi TV pengine kufanya
that-- wamejenga katika michezo.

1274
00:56:27,120 --> 00:56:29,884
Haya na mimi kusema ukweli kufikiri ni
kidogo stupid-- ishara kudhibiti.

1275
00:56:29,884 --> 00:56:31,800
Nadhani kijinga kadiri
kama mimi si kweli nadhani

1276
00:56:31,800 --> 00:56:34,940
tuko bado kuna mahali tunapoishi
katika Jetsons ambapo ni kazi tu.

1277
00:56:34,940 --> 00:56:38,160
Sasa, nadhani pengine kuangalia kama
idiot na TV yako wakati haifanyi kazi.

1278
00:56:38,160 --> 00:56:41,110
>> Lakini ishara kudhibiti, ambapo
dunia ni kupata bora,

1279
00:56:41,110 --> 00:56:44,650
incrementing la Xbox Kinect, kama wewe ni
ukoo na mfumo video mchezo,

1280
00:56:44,650 --> 00:56:45,860
kuwa na uwezo wa kuchunguza mwendo.

1281
00:56:45,860 --> 00:56:48,610
Hivyo labda hii ina maana kupunguza
kiasi, hii ina maana kuongeza kiasi,

1282
00:56:48,610 --> 00:56:51,140
labda hii ina maana swipe kushoto
kubadili channel, swipe kulia

1283
00:56:51,140 --> 00:56:52,180
na mabadiliko ya njia.

1284
00:56:52,180 --> 00:56:55,000
>> Hii ni moja ya reasons-- hii
ni sababu purported kuwa wao

1285
00:56:55,000 --> 00:56:56,000
kuwa na kitu huko.

1286
00:56:56,000 --> 00:56:58,572
Lakini nini Samsung alichukua baadhi
flak kwa miezi michache iliyopita

1287
00:56:58,572 --> 00:57:01,280
ni kwamba kama kusoma faragha zao
sera, ambayo hakuna mtu bila shaka

1288
00:57:01,280 --> 00:57:05,000
ni kwenda kufanya, wao kuhimiza
wewe katika sera yao ya faragha

1289
00:57:05,000 --> 00:57:08,410
si kuwa na mazungumzo binafsi
katika maeneo ya jirani ya TV wako.

1290
00:57:08,410 --> 00:57:09,980
>> [Kicheko]

1291
00:57:09,980 --> 00:57:12,500
>> Na sisi kucheka, lakini kama
ni kweli huko.

1292
00:57:12,500 --> 00:57:15,440
Na kwamba ni kwa sababu ili
kutekeleza kipengele hiki,

1293
00:57:15,440 --> 00:57:17,320
TV daima ni kusikiliza.

1294
00:57:17,320 --> 00:57:19,810
Ina be-- au mara nyingi ni kuangalia.

1295
00:57:19,810 --> 00:57:22,900
Na hata kama una baadhi ya
mfumo wa ulinzi katika place--

1296
00:57:22,900 --> 00:57:26,360
aina ya kama Siri ambapo una
kusema, hey, Siri, au sawa, Google,

1297
00:57:26,360 --> 00:57:31,050
au whatever-- TV bado ina
kuwa kusikiliza 24/7 kwa ajili yenu

1298
00:57:31,050 --> 00:57:33,920
kusema, hey, Siri, au sawa, Google.

1299
00:57:33,920 --> 00:57:36,350
Hivyo hopefully, kwamba zote kukaa ndani.

1300
00:57:36,350 --> 00:57:39,570
Na hakuna sababu za kiufundi kwa nini
hakuweza kukaa ndani, programu

1301
00:57:39,570 --> 00:57:40,580
updates kando.

1302
00:57:40,580 --> 00:57:42,790
>> Lakini katika hali halisi, sana
mara nyingi, Siri na Google

1303
00:57:42,790 --> 00:57:45,849
sawa ni kutuma hizi
data na wingu,

1304
00:57:45,849 --> 00:57:48,140
hivyo kusema, ambapo wao kupata
kusindika hapo na nadhifu,

1305
00:57:48,140 --> 00:57:52,280
kasi, daima updated kompyuta,
na kisha kutuma majibu nyuma chini

1306
00:57:52,280 --> 00:57:54,600
kwa TV.

1307
00:57:54,600 --> 00:57:59,730
Oh na jambo furaha here-- sisi alichukua
kuangalia hii kwa darasa lingine mimi kufundisha.

1308
00:57:59,730 --> 00:58:01,760
Tutaweza kuona hii kidogo baadaye leo.

1309
00:58:01,760 --> 00:58:05,420
>> Kuna kitu katika dunia
aitwaye usalama na encryption, ambayo

1310
00:58:05,420 --> 00:58:06,670
sisi ni kupata kwa haki sasa.

1311
00:58:06,670 --> 00:58:11,710
Na katika nadharia, kuna kitu kinachoitwa
HTTP na HTTPS, mwisho ya ambayo

1312
00:58:11,710 --> 00:58:12,310
ni salama.

1313
00:58:12,310 --> 00:58:13,790
S ni kwa usalama, na
tutaweza kuja nyuma na kwamba.

1314
00:58:13,790 --> 00:58:15,498
Na kisha wao kazi
juu ya kitu kinachoitwa

1315
00:58:15,498 --> 00:58:19,510
bandari tofauti, tofauti numeric
maadili ndani ya kunaashiria kompyuta

1316
00:58:19,510 --> 00:58:21,520
kama hii ni salama au
si salama kwa kawaida.

1317
00:58:21,520 --> 00:58:26,890
>> Samsung, naamini, katika kesi hii, ilikuwa ni
kutumia "bandari salama," hivyo kusema.

1318
00:58:26,890 --> 00:58:29,170
Walikuwa kutumia
kupata mitaani, lakini wao

1319
00:58:29,170 --> 00:58:31,420
walikuwa kutumia kutuma data encrypted.

1320
00:58:31,420 --> 00:58:35,000
Kwa hiyo baadhi ya watafiti usalama kimsingi
kushikamana kifaa kwa TV zao

1321
00:58:35,000 --> 00:58:37,800
na barabara wakati wao
alizungumza amri ya TV zao,

1322
00:58:37,800 --> 00:58:41,740
ilikuwa kuwa kupakiwa kwenye
wingu kupitia channel sahihi,

1323
00:58:41,740 --> 00:58:44,500
hivyo kusema, lakini kabisa
kimaandishi, ambayo

1324
00:58:44,500 --> 00:58:48,250
maana mtu yeyote katika maeneo ya jirani au mtu yeyote
kwenye mtandao kati ya pointi A na B

1325
00:58:48,250 --> 00:58:50,830
inaweza kuwa kumuona na kumsikiliza
na amri yako sauti

1326
00:58:50,830 --> 00:58:53,110
kutoka chumba cha maisha yako au chumba cha kulala yako.

1327
00:58:53,110 --> 00:58:56,710
>> Kwa hiyo, kuna pia, si tu ni sisi mazingira magumu
uwezekano wa ubaya, pia

1328
00:58:56,710 --> 00:58:59,680
tu ujinga na mende, katika kesi hii.

1329
00:58:59,680 --> 00:59:01,840
Basi hizi ni aina
ya mambo kuwa Ware.

1330
00:59:01,840 --> 00:59:03,925
Na tena, mabao
kwa leo na kesho

1331
00:59:03,925 --> 00:59:06,300
ni kuelewa si lazima
jinsi gani kutekeleza

1332
00:59:06,300 --> 00:59:08,860
kwamba chini ya Hood,
lakini tu kujiuliza nyuma,

1333
00:59:08,860 --> 00:59:12,400
kama TV yangu ni kukabiliana na
ishara kudhibiti na maneno yangu,

1334
00:59:12,400 --> 00:59:15,220
Mimi guessing TV yangu ni
si hivyo kisasa

1335
00:59:15,220 --> 00:59:17,630
kama kuwa na zima
Kiingereza au Kihispania nzima

1336
00:59:17,630 --> 00:59:21,540
au chochote lugha nasema kamusi
kujengwa ndani yake daima updated.

1337
00:59:21,540 --> 00:59:23,830
Ni pengine rahisi tu
kutuma amri hizo up

1338
00:59:23,830 --> 00:59:26,870
kwa baadhi server-- Google, au
Apple, au Samsung, au kama.

1339
00:59:26,870 --> 00:59:28,810
Na hakika, kwamba ni nini
kawaida yanayotokea.

1340
00:59:28,810 --> 00:59:34,580
Hivyo akili nini kusema mbele ya
TV yako kuanzia usiku wa leo labda.

1341
00:59:34,580 --> 00:59:35,290
>> Sawa.

1342
00:59:35,290 --> 00:59:38,900
Hivyo ambayo inaongoza sisi basi kwa encryption
pamoja na kuangalia zaidi ya kiufundi.

1343
00:59:38,900 --> 00:59:42,300
Na sisi si kwenda pia kina kupiga mbizi katika
hii, lakini makala hii sisi inaonekana katika

1344
00:59:42,300 --> 00:59:45,770
hakuwa kutaja kitu kinachoitwa
AES-- Advanced Encryption

1345
00:59:45,770 --> 00:59:47,640
Standard, ni kile anasimama kwa.

1346
00:59:47,640 --> 00:59:53,361
Na alitaja habari za kitu
Juicy, 256-bit AES key-- ufunguo wa siri.

1347
00:59:53,361 --> 00:59:55,985
Na mimi itabidi tu kuvuta it up kama wewe ni
curious kuona ambapo ilikuwa.

1348
00:59:55,985 --> 01:00:01,500
Ilikuwa ni katika the-- Jinsi Je, Wao Je Hiyo.

1349
01:00:01,500 --> 01:00:05,670
Hivyo mahali fulani ndani ya
iPhone na simu Android,

1350
01:00:05,670 --> 01:00:09,010
labda, ni aina fulani ya siri muhimu.

1351
01:00:09,010 --> 01:00:12,630
Na ni muhimu siri hii
kwamba anaendelea data salama.

1352
01:00:12,630 --> 01:00:15,780
>> Na kwa kweli, na yeyote kati yenu
na iphone yako milele gone

1353
01:00:15,780 --> 01:00:22,180
kwa Settings-- nadhani, Mazingira,
labda General, na kisha kufuta iPhone?

1354
01:00:22,180 --> 01:00:23,430
Ni mahali fulani chini ya vipimo.

1355
01:00:23,430 --> 01:00:25,950
Unaweza kufuta yako
iPhone, na anakwambia

1356
01:00:25,950 --> 01:00:27,910
kwamba wewe ni kwenda kufuta ni salama.

1357
01:00:27,910 --> 01:00:32,465
Na ni nini maana, kwa kawaida, kwa
kufuta simu au kompyuta salama?

1358
01:00:32,465 --> 01:00:34,779

1359
01:00:34,779 --> 01:00:37,570
Na kwa kweli, napenda kuona kama naweza
kukupa tu screenshot haraka.

1360
01:00:37,570 --> 01:00:38,653
Sisi pengine unaweza kupata hii.

1361
01:00:38,653 --> 01:00:42,700
Hivyo, iphone kufuta salama
kuweka screenshot.

1362
01:00:42,700 --> 01:00:45,285
Hebu tuone kama tunaweza
tu kupata picha ya haraka.

1363
01:00:45,285 --> 01:00:48,070

1364
01:00:48,070 --> 01:00:50,500
Kufuta data-- hiyo ni not-- hapa ni.

1365
01:00:50,500 --> 01:00:53,042
>> Hivyo hii ni screen Mimi nilikuwa kufikiri ya.

1366
01:00:53,042 --> 01:00:54,750
Unaweza ujumla, juu ya
iPhone, navigate

1367
01:00:54,750 --> 01:00:56,680
kwa screen kwamba inaonekana kama hii.

1368
01:00:56,680 --> 01:00:59,730
Na kufuta bidhaa zote na Settings--
kama wewe click kwamba, ni anaelezea ni

1369
01:00:59,730 --> 01:01:00,730
kwenda kufanya hivyo kwa usalama.

1370
01:01:00,730 --> 01:01:04,881
Je salama maana
katika simu au kompyuta?

1371
01:01:04,881 --> 01:01:05,380
Ben?

1372
01:01:05,380 --> 01:01:08,890
>> Watazamaji: Kwa njia hiyo ni vigumu
kwa kisha kwenda nyuma na kwa kweli kupata hiyo.

1373
01:01:08,890 --> 01:01:09,640
DAVID Malan: Good.

1374
01:01:09,640 --> 01:01:12,780
Hivyo katika njia hiyo ni vigumu kwenda
nyuma na kupata nini umefanya kufutika.

1375
01:01:12,780 --> 01:01:15,430
Hivyo kufutwa ni kweli ina maana kufutwa yake.

1376
01:01:15,430 --> 01:01:18,330
Na sekta hana
wana historia nzuri kwa hili.

1377
01:01:18,330 --> 01:01:21,400
>> Nyuma katika siku, wengi wetu
pengine alikuwa PC kwa namna fulani.

1378
01:01:21,400 --> 01:01:22,640
Wengine wenu bado wapate.

1379
01:01:22,640 --> 01:01:27,230
Nyuma katika siku, wakati sisi bado alikuwa
floppy disks na baadhi ya vyombo vingine vya habari,

1380
01:01:27,230 --> 01:01:31,730
ilikuwa ni kawaida sana kukimbia format
amri, au amri kufuta,

1381
01:01:31,730 --> 01:01:35,010
au kuhesabu amri, ambazo ni
zote kwa ujumla kuhusiana na kupata

1382
01:01:35,010 --> 01:01:37,750
a drive-- disk tayari kwa matumizi.

1383
01:01:37,750 --> 01:01:42,520
>> Na nyuma katika siku, mimi
Unaweza hata taswira yake sasa,

1384
01:01:42,520 --> 01:01:46,100
DOS-- kama wewe ni ukoo,
command-- nyeusi na nyeupe haraka

1385
01:01:46,100 --> 01:01:49,560
katika Windows-- au hata kabla Windows--
itakuwa yell saa wewe katika mji mkuu zote

1386
01:01:49,560 --> 01:01:54,780
barua, DATA wote wataangamizwa au
Data yote itakuwa ERASED-- uongo kamili.

1387
01:01:54,780 --> 01:01:58,370
Ilikuwa kamili wa kiufundi na
halisi uongo kwa sababu, kwa kawaida,

1388
01:01:58,370 --> 01:02:01,260
nini kompyuta does-- hata
leo katika mazingira zaidi ni

1389
01:02:01,260 --> 01:02:04,300
kwamba wakati wewe Drag faili kwa
Recycle yako bin au kwa takataka yako

1390
01:02:04,300 --> 01:02:08,500
Unaweza juu ya Mac OS, au Windows, au nini not--
sisi wote pengine kujua kwamba ina si

1391
01:02:08,500 --> 01:02:09,950
kweli umefutwa bado, haki?

1392
01:02:09,950 --> 01:02:13,807
Una kweli kufanya nini
kwa kweli kufuta faili?

1393
01:02:13,807 --> 01:02:14,890
Watazamaji: Tupu takataka.

1394
01:02:14,890 --> 01:02:17,050
DAVID Malan: Una tupu
takataka unaweza au tupu Recycle bin.

1395
01:02:17,050 --> 01:02:19,437
Tumekuwa wote wamekuwa kufundishwa kwamba,
na hiyo ni mfano wa akili

1396
01:02:19,437 --> 01:02:20,520
tuna katika ulimwengu wa kweli.

1397
01:02:20,520 --> 01:02:21,880
Hiyo pia ni uongo.

1398
01:02:21,880 --> 01:02:25,140
Karibu kila mara, kwa default hizi
siku, wakati wewe tupu takataka yako

1399
01:02:25,140 --> 01:02:27,890
au tupu Recycle yako bin, hata
kwa kwenda menu chaguo sahihi,

1400
01:02:27,890 --> 01:02:31,550
au haki kubonyeza, au Control kubonyeza
na kufuatia Intuition nzuri binadamu,

1401
01:02:31,550 --> 01:02:32,500
ni uongo.

1402
01:02:32,500 --> 01:02:36,730
>> kompyuta zote ni kufanya
ni "kusahau" file yako.

1403
01:02:36,730 --> 01:02:38,830
Kwa maneno mengine, mahali fulani
ndani ya kompyuta yako,

1404
01:02:38,830 --> 01:02:41,000
unaweza kufikiria kuna kama
kuwa kubwa kudanganya karatasi,

1405
01:02:41,000 --> 01:02:44,780
big Excel file, big
meza na safu na nguzo

1406
01:02:44,780 --> 01:02:49,580
kwamba anasema faili inayoitwa resume.doc
ni katika eneo hili kwenye gari yangu ngumu,

1407
01:02:49,580 --> 01:02:53,040
na faili inayoitwa friends.text
ni katika eneo hili,

1408
01:02:53,040 --> 01:02:56,780
na profilephoto.jpeg ni katika
eneo hili katika gari yangu ngumu.

1409
01:02:56,780 --> 01:02:59,890
>> Hivyo zima rundo la faili names--
zima rundo ya maeneo ya kimwili

1410
01:02:59,890 --> 01:03:01,160
ndani ya kompyuta yako.

1411
01:03:01,160 --> 01:03:04,900
Na wakati kompyuta "erases"
file, kawaida yote ni gani

1412
01:03:04,900 --> 01:03:07,510
Ni deletes kuwa mstari
au misalaba kwamba nje.

1413
01:03:07,510 --> 01:03:09,540
Ni majani faili kwenye disk.

1414
01:03:09,540 --> 01:03:10,857
Ni tu anasahau ambapo ni.

1415
01:03:10,857 --> 01:03:13,190
Na kwamba ni muhimu kwa sababu kama
ni wamesahau ambako ni,

1416
01:03:13,190 --> 01:03:15,730
inaweza kutumia tena nafasi hiyo baadaye.

1417
01:03:15,730 --> 01:03:17,480
Ni inaweza tu ya kuweka mwingine
faili juu yake.

1418
01:03:17,480 --> 01:03:19,479
Na kesho tena, tutaweza
majadiliano juu ya sekunde 0 na 1s--

1419
01:03:19,479 --> 01:03:21,900
kwamba tu ina maana ya kubadilisha
baadhi sekunde 0 1s kwa baadhi 1s kwa sekunde 0,

1420
01:03:21,900 --> 01:03:26,840
kuacha baadhi ya alone-- lakini kwa ujumla,
reconstituting file nje ya bits, sekunde 0

1421
01:03:26,840 --> 01:03:28,010
na 1s.

1422
01:03:28,010 --> 01:03:30,390
>> Hivyo ni nini hii kweli kufanya?

1423
01:03:30,390 --> 01:03:34,410
Shukrani nyingi, katika kesi iOS, tangu Apple
kweli ni nzuri kabisa katika usalama,

1424
01:03:34,410 --> 01:03:38,340
hata kwenye Mac OS, kufutwa yako
files haina kwa kweli kufanya hivyo kwa usalama.

1425
01:03:38,340 --> 01:03:39,010
Lakini jinsi gani?

1426
01:03:39,010 --> 01:03:42,520
Vizuri katika Mac OS na Windows, kama
una programu sahihi,

1427
01:03:42,520 --> 01:03:45,750
nini will-- kufuta
kitu salama

1428
01:03:45,750 --> 01:03:47,532
gani kuwa na baadhi ya maana ya kiufundi.

1429
01:03:47,532 --> 01:03:49,990
Na tena, tutaweza kurudi kwa
hili kwa undani zaidi kesho.

1430
01:03:49,990 --> 01:03:53,000
>> Lakini ili kufuta faili salama
haina maana kufanya kitu kwa hayo

1431
01:03:53,000 --> 01:03:54,121
hivyo hawezi kuwa zinalipwa.

1432
01:03:54,121 --> 01:03:55,120
Lakini hiyo ina maana gani?

1433
01:03:55,120 --> 01:03:58,440
Naam, kama file, kwa madhumuni ya leo,
ni kuwakilishwa na sekunde 0 na 1s

1434
01:03:58,440 --> 01:04:00,680
somehow-- Mimi sijui
jinsi, zaidi juu kesho hiyo.

1435
01:04:00,680 --> 01:04:04,270
Lakini sekunde 0 na 1s-- njia
kufuta faili salama

1436
01:04:04,270 --> 01:04:08,350
ni wewe labda mabadiliko yote ya
wale sekunde 0 na 1s kwa tu sekunde 0 zote

1437
01:04:08,350 --> 01:04:13,060
au tu 1s-- wote tu kinyang'anyiro
yao juu kabisa nasibu

1438
01:04:13,060 --> 01:04:16,170
hivyo basi mtu baada ya hapo inaonekana
katika wale sekunde 0 na 1s, ni maana.

1439
01:04:16,170 --> 01:04:18,378
Na si recoverable
kwa sababu wewe alifanya hivyo nasibu,

1440
01:04:18,378 --> 01:04:20,730
au wewe alifanya wote 0 au zote 1 ya.

1441
01:04:20,730 --> 01:04:22,540
>> Hiyo si kweli nini Apple gani.

1442
01:04:22,540 --> 01:04:24,940
Kwa sababu ni zamu nje wakati
wewe kufutika iPhone yako,

1443
01:04:24,940 --> 01:04:26,980
haina kuchukua yote kwa muda mrefu.

1444
01:04:26,980 --> 01:04:31,560
Hakuna, kwa kweli, kama wewe kufuta kompyuta
kuendesha gari kwa bidii, inaweza kuchukua saa moja,

1445
01:04:31,560 --> 01:04:35,990
inaweza kuchukua siku tatu
literally mabadiliko ya kila 0 na 1

1446
01:04:35,990 --> 01:04:36,889
kwa baadhi thamani mengine.

1447
01:04:36,889 --> 01:04:38,930
Kuna tu mengi ya bits
siku hizi, hasa

1448
01:04:38,930 --> 01:04:40,580
kama una gari ngumu
hiyo ni terabyte moja,

1449
01:04:40,580 --> 01:04:43,121
hivyo kusema terrabytes-- nne
itachukua muda kweli kwa muda mrefu.

1450
01:04:43,121 --> 01:04:46,050
Lakini Apple anafanya hivyo ndani ya wachache
seconds-- labda dakika kadhaa,

1451
01:04:46,050 --> 01:04:48,610
lakini sababu haraka.

1452
01:04:48,610 --> 01:04:49,530
>> Sasa, kwa nini ni kwamba?

1453
01:04:49,530 --> 01:04:51,220
Yote inahusiana na mjadala huo.

1454
01:04:51,220 --> 01:04:55,230
Apple, na msingi, anaendelea yote ya
data kwenye simu yako encrypted--

1455
01:04:55,230 --> 01:04:57,480
scrambled kwa namna fulani.

1456
01:04:57,480 --> 01:05:00,550
Na hivyo ili kufuta simu,
wewe si lazima

1457
01:05:00,550 --> 01:05:03,850
kuwa na mabadiliko data--
kwa sababu kanuni ya jumla

1458
01:05:03,850 --> 01:05:05,970
ya encryption-- sanaa
ya scrambling habari

1459
01:05:05,970 --> 01:05:08,540
au cryptography kama
sayansi yenyewe inaitwa,

1460
01:05:08,540 --> 01:05:13,570
ni kwamba ili adui
kuangalia data encrypted,

1461
01:05:13,570 --> 01:05:18,210
ni lazima kuangalia random-- yeye au yeye lazima
kuwa na uwezo wa kubariki ufahamu wowote.

1462
01:05:18,210 --> 01:05:21,660
Wanapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa realize--
mtu huyu inaonekana kutumia neno ""

1463
01:05:21,660 --> 01:05:22,160
mengi.

1464
01:05:22,160 --> 01:05:24,860
Kwa sababu tu mimi kuona baadhi mfano
kujitokeza tena na again--

1465
01:05:24,860 --> 01:05:29,100
ni lazima kuangalia kabisa random
kitakwimu ili adui.

1466
01:05:29,100 --> 01:05:33,560
>> Hivyo kwa kuwa mantiki, wakati Apple inaruhusu
wewe kufuta maudhui yote katika mazingira,

1467
01:05:33,560 --> 01:05:37,310
data tayari inaonekana random
kwa mtu yeyote kwenye mitaa ambao

1468
01:05:37,310 --> 01:05:39,290
inaweza kuangalia data ya simu yako.

1469
01:05:39,290 --> 01:05:41,480
Hivyo hawana kuwa na mabadiliko data yako.

1470
01:05:41,480 --> 01:05:45,577
Wote una kufanya ili kufuta yako
simu ni je, unafikiri nini?

1471
01:05:45,577 --> 01:05:47,410
Watazamaji: [inaudible]
kanuni yako kimakosa.

1472
01:05:47,410 --> 01:05:47,630
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1473
01:05:47,630 --> 01:05:48,870
Naam, unaweza do-- ndiyo.

1474
01:05:48,870 --> 01:05:54,210
Kimwili, hawakuweza aina tu yako
kanuni katika, 7 7 7 7, mara 10 kimakosa.

1475
01:05:54,210 --> 01:05:57,980
Lakini badala yake, unaweza tu
kusahau ufunguo wa siri.

1476
01:05:57,980 --> 01:06:02,620
Hivyo encryption ni wote kuhusu
kuwa, kwa ujumla, baadhi ya siri.

1477
01:06:02,620 --> 01:06:05,457
>> Sana kama huwezi kupata katika
benki kuba bila macho,

1478
01:06:05,457 --> 01:06:08,290
kiasi kama huwezi kupata katika yako
mlango wa mbele bila muhimu kimwili,

1479
01:06:08,290 --> 01:06:10,206
huwezi kupata katika yako
chumba cha hoteli bila moja

1480
01:06:10,206 --> 01:06:14,390
ya kadi hizo magnetic
au vile, katika nadharia,

1481
01:06:14,390 --> 01:06:17,810
kuna kitu kitu maalum
kwamba wewe tu kujua au kuwa na kwamba

1482
01:06:17,810 --> 01:06:19,564
utapata kupata
baadhi ya rasilimali salama.

1483
01:06:19,564 --> 01:06:21,730
Katika kesi ya simu yako,
ni tarakimu nne kificho.

1484
01:06:21,730 --> 01:06:23,620
Katika kesi ya hoteli yako,
ni kidogo kadi ya muhimu.

1485
01:06:23,620 --> 01:06:25,680
Katika kesi ya nyumba yako,
ni muhimu kimwili.

1486
01:06:25,680 --> 01:06:27,650
idadi yoyote ya mambo inaweza kuwa muhimu.

1487
01:06:27,650 --> 01:06:30,520
>> Lakini katika kompyuta, ni
karibu kila mara posta, ambapo

1488
01:06:30,520 --> 01:06:32,260
idadi ni tu mlolongo wa bits.

1489
01:06:32,260 --> 01:06:35,460
Na tena, kidogo tu 0 au
1, lakini zaidi juu kesho hiyo.

1490
01:06:35,460 --> 01:06:42,840
Hivyo wakati Apple anadai kuwa
kutumia 256-bit AES ufunguo wa siri.

1491
01:06:42,840 --> 01:06:47,120
Hiyo tu ina maana kwamba siri
ndani ya ufunguo wa kompyuta yako

1492
01:06:47,120 --> 01:06:50,260
ni kitu kama 1011001100000.

1493
01:06:50,260 --> 01:06:53,480
>> Mimi nina kufanya tu hili kama
sisi kwenda, na mimi si bother

1494
01:06:53,480 --> 01:06:57,680
kuandika nje 256 sekunde 0 na 1s iwezekanavyo.

1495
01:06:57,680 --> 01:07:01,660
Na tutaweza kuona kesho jinsi
huu elekezi idadi halisi.

1496
01:07:01,660 --> 01:07:04,620
Lakini kwa sasa, tu kujua ni
mfano kweli kwa muda mrefu wa sekunde 0 na 1s.

1497
01:07:04,620 --> 01:07:08,780
Na kwamba secret-- hiyo ni kama kweli
big magnetic kadi ya muhimu kwa ajili ya hoteli yako

1498
01:07:08,780 --> 01:07:12,790
chumba kwamba tu una, au ni kama
kweli maalum chuma muhimu kwa kura

1499
01:07:12,790 --> 01:07:15,530
meno kidogo kwamba tu una.

1500
01:07:15,530 --> 01:07:18,040
>> Jinsi hii ni muhimu?

1501
01:07:18,040 --> 01:07:20,910
Ilikuwaje manufaa kwa kutumia ufunguo?

1502
01:07:20,910 --> 01:07:22,050
Naam, hebu kufanya hivyo.

1503
01:07:22,050 --> 01:07:24,910
Hebu kuanza na kweli slate safi.

1504
01:07:24,910 --> 01:07:30,070
Na napenda kupendekeza, kama vile katika
majaribio kidogo hapa kwa kusema,

1505
01:07:30,070 --> 01:07:37,170
a moment-- vipi kuhusu sisi
kuchukua neno "hello."

1506
01:07:37,170 --> 01:07:39,560
>> Na kudhani kuwa uko
nyuma katika shule ya kati

1507
01:07:39,560 --> 01:07:42,080
na unataka kutuma
mvulana au msichana hela aisle

1508
01:07:42,080 --> 01:07:45,090
kwamba una kuponda juu
ujumbe wa siri, "hello,"

1509
01:07:45,090 --> 01:07:47,820
lakini hawataki kuwa
aibu kama mwalimu inaongea

1510
01:07:47,820 --> 01:07:52,500
chakavu ya karatasi kwamba Intercepts
kumbuka kuwa wewe ni kupita kwake au wake.

1511
01:07:52,500 --> 01:07:54,170
>> Unataka fumbo habari hii.

1512
01:07:54,170 --> 01:07:57,360
Unataka kinyang'anyiro ni hivyo tu
Inaonekana kama wewe ni kuandika nonsense.

1513
01:07:57,360 --> 01:07:59,490
Na pengine, ni kitu
juicier kuliko "hello,"

1514
01:07:59,490 --> 01:08:01,650
lakini tutaweza kuchukua tu ujumbe "hello."

1515
01:08:01,650 --> 01:08:07,470
>> Inakuwaje sisi kwenda juu encrypting hii
ujumbe kati ya watoto wawili kidogo

1516
01:08:07,470 --> 01:08:09,010
kwenye kipande cha karatasi?

1517
01:08:09,010 --> 01:08:12,060
Kile lazima yeye au yeye
kuandika badala ya "hello"?

1518
01:08:12,060 --> 01:08:13,080
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1519
01:08:13,080 --> 01:08:13,717
>> DAVID Malan: Nini hiyo?

1520
01:08:13,717 --> 01:08:14,970
>> Watazamaji: Idadi ya
barua katika alfabeti.

1521
01:08:14,970 --> 01:08:17,053
>> DAVID Malan: idadi
wa barua katika alfabeti.

1522
01:08:17,053 --> 01:08:22,340
OK, hivyo kama ni b c d e f g h, mimi naweza
labda kufanya kitu kama 8 kwa ajili hiyo.

1523
01:08:22,340 --> 01:08:26,270
Na b c d e-- na mimi
anaweza kufanya 5 kwa ajili hiyo.

1524
01:08:26,270 --> 01:08:30,970
Na vile vile, siwezi tu kuja na
ramani numeric kwamba ingekuwa labda

1525
01:08:30,970 --> 01:08:32,290
tu kuwavurugia mwalimu.

1526
01:08:32,290 --> 01:08:34,490
Na yeye au yeye pengine
hana enough--

1527
01:08:34,490 --> 01:08:37,060
haina huduma ya kutosha
kweli kufikiri ni nini.

1528
01:08:37,060 --> 01:08:40,569
Hivyo hebu fikiria ingawa, je, ni salama?

1529
01:08:40,569 --> 01:08:41,406
Kwa nini isiwe hivyo?

1530
01:08:41,406 --> 01:08:43,310
>> Watazamaji: Kwa sababu ni rahisi nadhani yake.

1531
01:08:43,310 --> 01:08:45,220
Kama katika kesi ya mtu ni kweli nia.

1532
01:08:45,220 --> 01:08:45,460
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1533
01:08:45,460 --> 01:08:47,918
Kama wao ni kweli nia
na kama wana idadi zaidi

1534
01:08:47,918 --> 01:08:51,060
kwenda na kuliko five-- tu kama
kuna kama paragraph-- nzima

1535
01:08:51,060 --> 01:08:54,779
na tu hivyo hutokea kwamba wote wa
idadi ni kati ya 1 na 26,

1536
01:08:54,779 --> 01:08:56,350
hiyo ni aina ya fununu ya kuvutia.

1537
01:08:56,350 --> 01:08:58,240
Na unaweza brute nguvu hiyo.

1538
01:08:58,240 --> 01:09:01,062
Hebu tuone kama ni 1,
na b ni 2, na c ni 3.

1539
01:09:01,062 --> 01:09:03,020
Na kama siyo, labda hebu
kujaribu baadhi pairing mengine.

1540
01:09:03,020 --> 01:09:05,310
Lakini kuamua teacher--
teacher-- ushindani

1541
01:09:05,310 --> 01:09:07,369
inaweza shaka takwimu hii nje.

1542
01:09:07,369 --> 01:09:08,410
Hivyo kile kingine tunaweza kufanya?

1543
01:09:08,410 --> 01:09:12,200
encoding-- rahisi na hii
kweli inaitwa code--

1544
01:09:12,200 --> 01:09:16,020
si kwa kuchanganyikiwa na programu
kanuni au programu languages-- kanuni.

1545
01:09:16,020 --> 01:09:19,620
Na kwa kweli, kama unakumbuka hadithi
kutoka yesteryear, hasa

1546
01:09:19,620 --> 01:09:22,750
katika jeshi, kanuni book--
kitabu kificho nguvu literally

1547
01:09:22,750 --> 01:09:26,000
kuwa kitabu kimwili kwamba got
nguzo mbili, moja ni barua,

1548
01:09:26,000 --> 01:09:29,430
moja ni number-- au nyingine kama
symbol-- kwamba tu ramani kwa wengine.

1549
01:09:29,430 --> 01:09:32,140
Na kanuni ni ramani
kutoka jambo moja hadi jingine.

1550
01:09:32,140 --> 01:09:33,430
>> Hivyo kwamba itakuwa kificho.

1551
01:09:33,430 --> 01:09:38,890
Encryption though-- au cipher kama wewe
inaweza say-- ni zaidi ya algorithm.

1552
01:09:38,890 --> 01:09:39,960
Ni mchakato.

1553
01:09:39,960 --> 01:09:41,529
Siyo tu kitu wewe kuangalia juu.

1554
01:09:41,529 --> 01:09:46,899
Una kuomba baadhi mantiki kuomba
encryption, au cipher katika kesi hii.

1555
01:09:46,899 --> 01:09:50,010
Basi nini kidogo kisasa zaidi,
unafikiri, kuliko hayo?

1556
01:09:50,010 --> 01:09:53,560

1557
01:09:53,560 --> 01:09:57,786
Nini kingine unaweza hatuwezi kupeleka
neno "hello" semisecretly?

1558
01:09:57,786 --> 01:10:00,224
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1559
01:10:00,224 --> 01:10:00,890
DAVID Malan: Sawa.

1560
01:10:00,890 --> 01:10:02,181
Hivyo tunaweza kuandika ni nyuma.

1561
01:10:02,181 --> 01:10:06,890
Hivyo tunaweza kufanya kitu
kama o-l-l-e-h au vile,

1562
01:10:06,890 --> 01:10:08,890
na ni kuanza kwa kuangalia
ngumu zaidi kidogo.

1563
01:10:08,890 --> 01:10:10,302
Hivyo ni aina ya scrambled.

1564
01:10:10,302 --> 01:10:12,260
Na una kujua
siri, na siri

1565
01:10:12,260 --> 01:10:16,050
ni "backwords" au "reverse" au
aina fulani ya utaratibu huko.

1566
01:10:16,050 --> 01:10:17,300
>> Lakini hiyo ni algorithm.

1567
01:10:17,300 --> 01:10:20,450
Hiyo ni mchakato ambapo una
hoja barua hii zaidi ya hapa,

1568
01:10:20,450 --> 01:10:22,360
barua hii zaidi ya hapa,
barua hii zaidi ya hapa,

1569
01:10:22,360 --> 01:10:24,110
na una kurudia
tena na tena.

1570
01:10:24,110 --> 01:10:26,800
Na tutaweza kuona kesho kwamba hii
marudio ni kitu kinachoitwa

1571
01:10:26,800 --> 01:10:28,600
kitanzi, ambayo ni haki
Intuitive, lakini ni

1572
01:10:28,600 --> 01:10:30,570
kawaida sana katika programu ya kompyuta.

1573
01:10:30,570 --> 01:10:34,260
Nini kingine inaweza kufanya nini?

1574
01:10:34,260 --> 01:10:37,592
>> Watazamaji: Unaweza kuongeza
barua ya kwanza kwa 1, barua ya pili na 2,

1575
01:10:37,592 --> 01:10:39,422
barua ya tatu na 3 [inaudible].

1576
01:10:39,422 --> 01:10:40,380
DAVID Malan: Nzuri sana.

1577
01:10:40,380 --> 01:10:42,720
Hivyo tunaweza kufanya kitu
like-- na kuongeza them--

1578
01:10:42,720 --> 01:10:44,570
maana kama h inakuwa i.

1579
01:10:44,570 --> 01:10:46,480
Na napenda kuitunza
rahisi kwa muda.

1580
01:10:46,480 --> 01:10:48,190
Labda e inakuwa f.

1581
01:10:48,190 --> 01:10:52,150
Na hii inakuwa m m, na hii ni p.

1582
01:10:52,150 --> 01:10:55,850
>> Sasa, mimi nina aina ya liking hii
kwa sababu sasa haina kuruka nje

1583
01:10:55,850 --> 01:10:57,070
saa wewe nini kilichotokea.

1584
01:10:57,070 --> 01:10:58,920
Na inaonekana kama yasiyo na msingi.

1585
01:10:58,920 --> 01:11:03,280
Lakini katika suala la usalama
ya cipher hii, na cipher

1586
01:11:03,280 --> 01:11:06,470
hapa ni aina ya kama plus
1 algorithm ya kuongeza tu

1587
01:11:06,470 --> 01:11:08,500
barua 1 kwa kila moja ya barua yangu mwenyewe.

1588
01:11:08,500 --> 01:11:13,530
Na kama vile kesi kona,
nifanye nini kama mimi hit z?

1589
01:11:13,530 --> 01:11:14,030
>> Watazamaji: A.

1590
01:11:14,030 --> 01:11:14,270
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1591
01:11:14,270 --> 01:11:15,840
Pengine tu kwenda nyuma ya.

1592
01:11:15,840 --> 01:11:17,550
Lakini nini kama nataka mshangao uhakika?

1593
01:11:17,550 --> 01:11:19,340
Naam, sisi itabidi kuja
nyuma wakati mwingine hiyo.

1594
01:11:19,340 --> 01:11:21,131
Hivyo kuna baadhi ya kona
kesi, hivyo kusema

1595
01:11:21,131 --> 01:11:24,100
mambo unahitaji wanatarajia kama
unataka kusaidia wale makala.

1596
01:11:24,100 --> 01:11:28,996
Lakini ni nini attackable kuhusu hili?

1597
01:11:28,996 --> 01:11:31,620
Ni wazi si kwamba salama
kwa sababu sisi aina ya mawazo yake

1598
01:11:31,620 --> 01:11:33,010
na aliandika chini super haraka.

1599
01:11:33,010 --> 01:11:35,750
Hivyo labda, smart
adui anaweza kufanya kinyume.

1600
01:11:35,750 --> 01:11:40,630
Lakini nini habari ni kuvuja
katika nakala ya siri hii hasa?

1601
01:11:40,630 --> 01:11:43,010
kompyuta wanasayansi
kuita maandishi wazi huu

1602
01:11:43,010 --> 01:11:49,510
na hii ciphertext ciphertext--
maana ya tu scrambled au encrypted.

1603
01:11:49,510 --> 01:11:53,570
Sisi ni kinachovuja habari, hivyo
kusema, pamoja na nakala ya siri hii.

1604
01:11:53,570 --> 01:11:58,978
Najua kitu kuhusu
Neno la asili, hivi sasa.

1605
01:11:58,978 --> 01:12:00,370
>> Watazamaji: Same idadi ya barua.

1606
01:12:00,370 --> 01:12:01,870
DAVID Malan: Same idadi ya herufi.

1607
01:12:01,870 --> 01:12:03,510
Hivyo hiyo ni kinachovuja habari.

1608
01:12:03,510 --> 01:12:07,170
Nimekuletea kuponda yangu tano
barua neno, inaweza kuonekana.

1609
01:12:07,170 --> 01:12:08,080
Na kile kingine?

1610
01:12:08,080 --> 01:12:09,000
>> Watazamaji: Yeah.

1611
01:12:09,000 --> 01:12:09,870
Kuna barua.

1612
01:12:09,870 --> 01:12:11,676
>> DAVID Malan: Wao ni bado barua.

1613
01:12:11,676 --> 01:12:14,049
>> Watazamaji: Tatu na
wahusika wa nne kurudia.

1614
01:12:14,049 --> 01:12:16,340
DAVID Malan: Yeah, tatu
na barua ya nne kurudia.

1615
01:12:16,340 --> 01:12:20,010
Na hii ni sana
common-- utambuzi huu

1616
01:12:20,010 --> 01:12:22,770
kwa kile kinachoitwa uchambuzi mzunguko.

1617
01:12:22,770 --> 01:12:25,860
Na mimi alitumia neno ","
unatarajia hili mapema.

1618
01:12:25,860 --> 01:12:27,802
"" Ni neno la Kiingereza ya kawaida sana.

1619
01:12:27,802 --> 01:12:30,260
Na hivyo kama sisi kweli alikuwa na
aya au insha nzima kwamba

1620
01:12:30,260 --> 01:12:34,160
Ilikuwa namna fulani encrypted, na mimi naendelea kuona
chati huo wa barua tatu, si

1621
01:12:34,160 --> 01:12:38,720
t-h-e, lakini kama x-y-z au kitu kama
kwamba, mimi ili tu nadhani, juu ya hunch,

1622
01:12:38,720 --> 01:12:41,410
msingi umaarufu
ya "" kwa Kiingereza

1623
01:12:41,410 --> 01:12:47,030
kwamba labda mimi lazima kuanza kuchukua nafasi ya
kila x-y-z na t-h-e, respectively--

1624
01:12:47,030 --> 01:12:48,750
na wewe Chip mbali katika tatizo.

1625
01:12:48,750 --> 01:12:51,830
>> Na kwa kweli, kama wameweza milele kuonekana
movie kuhusu cryptographers,

1626
01:12:51,830 --> 01:12:54,420
hasa wakati wa kijeshi,
ngozi codes-- mengi ya hayo

1627
01:12:54,420 --> 01:12:59,070
ni jaribio hili na makosa, na leveraging
mawazo, na kuchukua guesses,

1628
01:12:59,070 --> 01:13:00,150
na kuona unakokwenda.

1629
01:13:00,150 --> 01:13:04,430
Na kwa kweli, m-m-- sisi wakati mwingine
angalia m-m katika neno la Kiingereza,

1630
01:13:04,430 --> 01:13:06,320
hivyo labda hii ni unchanged.

1631
01:13:06,320 --> 01:13:14,830
Tunaona e-e, tunaona o-o, tunaona
l-l, sisi si kweli kuona y-x.

1632
01:13:14,830 --> 01:13:18,230
Na kuna mashada ya wengine mimi naweza
pengine uliamua kwamba sisi kamwe kuona.

1633
01:13:18,230 --> 01:13:20,757
Hivyo tumekuwa dhiki yetu
search nafasi, hivyo kusema.

1634
01:13:20,757 --> 01:13:23,090
Kwa maneno mengine, kama tatizo
awali anahisi hii kubwa,

1635
01:13:23,090 --> 01:13:25,420
haraka kama wewe kuanza tawala
nje uwezekano au chama tawala

1636
01:13:25,420 --> 01:13:29,840
katika uwezekano, kuanza kupata kidogo
zaidi kuwezekana, zaidi kidogo solvable.

1637
01:13:29,840 --> 01:13:33,170
Na kwa kweli, hii ni
mfano kweli ya kitu

1638
01:13:33,170 --> 01:13:38,530
aitwaye Kaisari cipher, ambapo Kaisari
cipher ni cipher mzunguko ambapo

1639
01:13:38,530 --> 01:13:40,450
barua moja inakuwa
mwingine na wewe tu kuongeza

1640
01:13:40,450 --> 01:13:44,670
enhetligt idadi sawa
ya mabadiliko ya kila barua.

1641
01:13:44,670 --> 01:13:48,330
And Dan kweli aligusia katika kitu
kidogo kisasa zaidi ya awali,

1642
01:13:48,330 --> 01:13:52,700
ambayo tunaweza kuongeza, kwa mfano,
barua 1 kwa barua ya kwanza.

1643
01:13:52,700 --> 01:13:55,390
e-f-- Labda hii inakuwa g, mbili mbali.

1644
01:13:55,390 --> 01:14:00,320
Labda hii inakuwa m-n-O--
wakati huu inakuwa p.

1645
01:14:00,320 --> 01:14:01,500
Na kisha kadhalika.

1646
01:14:01,500 --> 01:14:05,840
>> Sisi kuongeza incrementing maadili
kwa kila moja ya barua, ambayo

1647
01:14:05,840 --> 01:14:09,880
ni vigumu kwa sababu, sasa taarifa, l-l
haina kuangalia kama m-m, tena.

1648
01:14:09,880 --> 01:14:11,860
Sisi sasa haja ya kuwa kidogo fancier.

1649
01:14:11,860 --> 01:14:16,750
Na hii ni kile kinachoitwa, baada ya
Kifaransa guy, Vigenere cipher,

1650
01:14:16,750 --> 01:14:19,550
ambapo unatumia disparate
funguo, maadili tofauti.

1651
01:14:19,550 --> 01:14:21,300
Na kwa kweli, hebu kufunga
kwamba nyuma pamoja.

1652
01:14:21,300 --> 01:14:24,040
>> Sisi alitumia neno "muhimu" kabla,
wote kwa maana ya kimwili,

1653
01:14:24,040 --> 01:14:25,490
kwa ajili ya hoteli na nyumba.

1654
01:14:25,490 --> 01:14:30,290
Lakini kwa maana ya umeme, muhimu
ni tu thamani siri, kawaida.

1655
01:14:30,290 --> 01:14:36,540
Na thamani siri katika hili
kesi ya awali, i-f-m-m-p--

1656
01:14:36,540 --> 01:14:43,862
nini ni muhimu siri mimi nina kutumia kwa
cipher hii kwamba Dan mapendekezo ya awali?

1657
01:14:43,862 --> 01:14:45,070
Watazamaji: Plus 1 [inaudible].

1658
01:14:45,070 --> 01:14:45,820
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1659
01:14:45,820 --> 01:14:49,930
ufunguo ni idadi tu 1-- si
salama zaidi, lakini ni rahisi.

1660
01:14:49,930 --> 01:14:53,560
Lakini yote ya njia hizi usalama
zinahitaji what-- kwamba sio tu mimi

1661
01:14:53,560 --> 01:14:57,660
kujua siri ni 1, lakini pia nini?

1662
01:14:57,660 --> 01:14:58,860
Nani mwingine ana habari?

1663
01:14:58,860 --> 01:15:00,360
Watazamaji: mpokeaji [inaudible].

1664
01:15:00,360 --> 01:15:02,110
DAVID Malan:
mpokeaji ana kujua.

1665
01:15:02,110 --> 01:15:04,384
Na tu kwa uwazi,
ambao lazima habari?

1666
01:15:04,384 --> 01:15:05,300
Watazamaji: mwalimu.

1667
01:15:05,300 --> 01:15:06,675
DAVID Malan: zote haki teacher--?

1668
01:15:06,675 --> 01:15:10,360
Isipokuwa yeye au yeye ana muda na nishati
kwa brute nguvu yake au takwimu ni nje.

1669
01:15:10,360 --> 01:15:13,930
Hivyo super rahisi wazo, lakini
ramani ya nini wewe kusoma kuhusu

1670
01:15:13,930 --> 01:15:16,060
na kusikia kuhusu kila siku katika habari.

1671
01:15:16,060 --> 01:15:19,240
Lakini 256-- hii kimsingi ni 1 bit.

1672
01:15:19,240 --> 01:15:21,330
256 bits ni kubwa sana.

1673
01:15:21,330 --> 01:15:26,080
Na tena, tutaweza kupata kiasi
hisia ya kesho hiyo.

1674
01:15:26,080 --> 01:15:32,390
Maswali yoyote basi juu ya Apple, usalama,
encryption, katika vitalu haya jengo?

1675
01:15:32,390 --> 01:15:34,390
Yeah, Kirumi.

1676
01:15:34,390 --> 01:15:35,849
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible].

1677
01:15:35,849 --> 01:15:37,390
Je, una ufahamu wowote [inaudible]?

1678
01:15:37,390 --> 01:15:40,050

1679
01:15:40,050 --> 01:15:41,550
DAVID Malan: Oh, ni swali zuri.

1680
01:15:41,550 --> 01:15:44,750
Sijui internally--
na Apple, wa makampuni yote

1681
01:15:44,750 --> 01:15:49,340
ni hasa utulivu linapokuja suala la
aina wale wa maelezo ya utekelezaji.

1682
01:15:49,340 --> 01:15:53,410
Lakini naweza kusema kwa ujumla zaidi,
msingi Tenet ya usalama,

1683
01:15:53,410 --> 01:15:55,910
angalau katika taaluma
jamii, ni kwamba ni lazima kamwe

1684
01:15:55,910 --> 01:15:58,420
na kile kinachoitwa
usalama kwa njia ya upofu.

1685
01:15:58,420 --> 01:16:03,510
Unapaswa kamwe kufanya kitu ili
kulinda data, au watumiaji, au habari,

1686
01:16:03,510 --> 01:16:07,490
ambao usalama na
faragha ni wote msingi

1687
01:16:07,490 --> 01:16:11,520
juu ya hakuna mtu akijua jinsi kazi.

1688
01:16:11,520 --> 01:16:13,590
>> Kwa maneno mengine, kile
Makala inataja,

1689
01:16:13,590 --> 01:16:17,864
AES, Advanced Encryption Standard-- kwamba
ni kweli kimataifa, umma, kiwango cha

1690
01:16:17,864 --> 01:16:20,530
uweze kufungua kitabu math
au kwenda kwenye Wikipedia na kwa kweli

1691
01:16:20,530 --> 01:16:22,300
kusoma nini algorithm ni.

1692
01:16:22,300 --> 01:16:25,570
Na mengi kama algorithm
hapa ni super rahisi pamoja na 1,

1693
01:16:25,570 --> 01:16:29,010
hii ni hisabati ngumu zaidi,
lakini ni elimu ya umma.

1694
01:16:29,010 --> 01:16:30,510
Na hii ina idadi ya upsides.

1695
01:16:30,510 --> 01:16:33,020
Moja, ina maana mtu yeyote anaweza
matumizi yake na kutekeleza.

1696
01:16:33,020 --> 01:16:35,320
Lakini wawili, pia ina maana kwamba
mamilioni ya watu smart

1697
01:16:35,320 --> 01:16:40,460
Unaweza mapitio yake na kuhakikisha
kuongea kama ni kiujanja kwa namna fulani.

1698
01:16:40,460 --> 01:16:44,190
>> Na hivyo kwa kweli, moja ya ulinzi bora
dhidi ya milango ya kiserikali nyuma,

1699
01:16:44,190 --> 01:16:47,750
iwapo katika nchi hii au yoyote
mwingine, ni kujadili tu hadharani

1700
01:16:47,750 --> 01:16:50,700
hizi aina ya algorithms
kwa sababu ni uwezekano sana

1701
01:16:50,700 --> 01:16:53,380
kwamba dunia nzima
la watafiti wa masomo

1702
01:16:53,380 --> 01:16:58,120
ni kwenda kula njama na kwa kweli
kuvumilia siri nyuma ya milango

1703
01:16:58,120 --> 01:16:59,840
katika algorithms kama hiyo.

1704
01:16:59,840 --> 01:17:01,940
>> Hata hivyo, huna haja ya
kuweka kitu siri.

1705
01:17:01,940 --> 01:17:06,270
Na hivyo tu kuwa wazi, wakati
unatumia cipher, kama AES,

1706
01:17:06,270 --> 01:17:10,040
au kitu kama Kaisari, au Vigenere
kwamba sisi alidokeza kuna, ni nini

1707
01:17:10,040 --> 01:17:11,038
kuwa kuwa siri?

1708
01:17:11,038 --> 01:17:15,030

1709
01:17:15,030 --> 01:17:16,969
Si algorithm, si mchakato.

1710
01:17:16,969 --> 01:17:17,760
Watazamaji: kanuni.

1711
01:17:17,760 --> 01:17:20,890
DAVID Malan: kanuni, right--
na ufunguo, kwa kuwa wazi.

1712
01:17:20,890 --> 01:17:27,190
Na hivyo kuwa super wazi, ingawa
huu ni mfano yasiyo na maana, cipher,

1713
01:17:27,190 --> 01:17:30,130
au algorithm, kwamba tumekuwa ujumla
wamekuwa wakitumia katika mjadala huu

1714
01:17:30,130 --> 01:17:31,630
ni jambo hili hapa, plus.

1715
01:17:31,630 --> 01:17:37,190
Hivyo Mbali ni super wetu
rahisi cipher au algorithm.

1716
01:17:37,190 --> 01:17:41,367
AES itakuwa zaidi
tata sawa na plus.

1717
01:17:41,367 --> 01:17:43,950
Unaweza kufanya mengi zaidi math, mengi
nyongeza zaidi, kuzidisha,

1718
01:17:43,950 --> 01:17:45,530
na kadhalika.

1719
01:17:45,530 --> 01:17:48,620
>> Lakini ni muhimu si
sawa na cipher.

1720
01:17:48,620 --> 01:17:51,400
Katika kesi hiyo, pia ni super
simple-- tu namba 1.

1721
01:17:51,400 --> 01:17:58,490
Katika kesi Apple, ni baadhi
256-bit mfano wa sekunde 0 na 1s.

1722
01:17:58,490 --> 01:18:01,460
Hivyo mimi nina si kweli kujibu yako
swali mwenyewe kwa sababu siwezi kweli

1723
01:18:01,460 --> 01:18:06,690
kuzungumza na kile Apple anajua,
lakini wahandisi Apple

1724
01:18:06,690 --> 01:18:10,000
kuwa wazi kwamba wao kutekeleza
algorithm hii kwa kiasi fulani.

1725
01:18:10,000 --> 01:18:11,836
Tuna imani kwamba
wao ni kuwa kweli,

1726
01:18:11,836 --> 01:18:14,210
na tuna imani kwamba wao
hakuwa, hata hivyo, kujenga

1727
01:18:14,210 --> 01:18:16,830
katika baadhi backdoor siri kwa NSA.

1728
01:18:16,830 --> 01:18:18,330
Na kwamba ni kimsingi vigumu kufanya.

1729
01:18:18,330 --> 01:18:21,040
>> Kwa kweli, kutisha
walidhani siwezi kuondoka

1730
01:18:21,040 --> 01:18:24,615
na juu ya somo hili hasa ni,
vile sisi inaweza zote kuzungumza kuhusu suala hili

1731
01:18:24,615 --> 01:18:27,490
na vile Tim Cook inaweza kuwahakikishia
sisi kwamba simu hizi huna tayari

1732
01:18:27,490 --> 01:18:33,030
kufanya nini FBI anataka wafanye, ni
karibu haiwezekani kuthibitisha au ukaguzi

1733
01:18:33,030 --> 01:18:34,320
kama mengi.

1734
01:18:34,320 --> 01:18:37,140
Je, sisi hata kujua kuwa wangu
kamera si juu hivi sasa?

1735
01:18:37,140 --> 01:18:40,580
Je, unajua kwamba Macbook yako mwenyewe
kamera si juu hivi sasa?

1736
01:18:40,580 --> 01:18:43,460
Naam, wengi wenu wapate kujua
intuitively au kutokana na uzoefu,

1737
01:18:43,460 --> 01:18:46,634
vizuri, kama kijani mwanga wa
off, hiyo ina maana gani?

1738
01:18:46,634 --> 01:18:47,550
Watazamaji: Ni si juu ya.

1739
01:18:47,550 --> 01:18:48,020
DAVID Malan: Siyo juu ya.

1740
01:18:48,020 --> 01:18:48,520
SAWA.

1741
01:18:48,520 --> 01:18:51,650
Tumekuwa kufundishwa kwamba,
lakini kwa nini hakuweza wewe

1742
01:18:51,650 --> 01:18:56,236
kuandika programu kwamba anarudi mbali
mwanga lakini anarudi kwenye kamera?

1743
01:18:56,236 --> 01:18:59,810

1744
01:18:59,810 --> 01:19:03,100
Kuna kweli hakuna msingi
ulinzi dhidi kitu kama hicho.

1745
01:19:03,100 --> 01:19:05,510
>> Hivyo hata sisi binadamu Unaweza
kuwa kijamii engineered

1746
01:19:05,510 --> 01:19:09,530
na kompyuta yetu kwa uaminifu
moja truth-- moja hali halisi,

1747
01:19:09,530 --> 01:19:11,340
wakati kwa kweli tunaweza
kisha kuchukuliwa faida

1748
01:19:11,340 --> 01:19:14,904
ya sababu ya kuwa exact
dhana kwamba kijani mwanga njia

1749
01:19:14,904 --> 01:19:15,570
kamera ya juu.

1750
01:19:15,570 --> 01:19:16,980
Hiyo ni lazima si kweli.

1751
01:19:16,980 --> 01:19:17,340
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1752
01:19:17,340 --> 01:19:18,090
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1753
01:19:18,090 --> 01:19:20,600
Hivyo kweli, mimi daima aina
ya kutabasamu, lakini mimi kufahamu ni

1754
01:19:20,600 --> 01:19:24,490
wakati unaweza kuona diehards halisi kuzunguka
campus-- una mkanda juu yako.

1755
01:19:24,490 --> 01:19:25,980
SAWA.

1756
01:19:25,980 --> 01:19:28,622
Hivyo kuweka mkanda juu ni
Jambo zaidi surefire.

1757
01:19:28,622 --> 01:19:31,080
Bila shaka, bado kuna
kipaza sauti kwamba unaweza si kweli

1758
01:19:31,080 --> 01:19:32,707
mkanda juu kama ufanisi.

1759
01:19:32,707 --> 01:19:34,290
Lakini hizi ni aina ya biashara awamu ya pili.

1760
01:19:34,290 --> 01:19:36,400
>> Na kwa kweli, moja kuchukua
mbali hopefully kwa leo

1761
01:19:36,400 --> 01:19:39,306
hofu lazima kabisa wakati
suala la aina hii ya mambo

1762
01:19:39,306 --> 01:19:41,680
kwa sababu, mwishoni mwa
siku, inabidi kumwamini mtu.

1763
01:19:41,680 --> 01:19:44,417
Na kwamba pia ni jambo la msingi
Tenet ya usalama.

1764
01:19:44,417 --> 01:19:46,000
Hatimaye, una kumwamini mtu.

1765
01:19:46,000 --> 01:19:48,208
Una imani kwamba
mtu una kuponda juu

1766
01:19:48,208 --> 01:19:51,280
si kwenda kuwaambia bora yake
rafiki yale ambayo kanuni ya siri ni,

1767
01:19:51,280 --> 01:19:54,820
na kisha kutoa taarifa hiyo
kwamba wewe ni kujaribu kuweka siri.

1768
01:19:54,820 --> 01:19:55,320
Sawa.

1769
01:19:55,320 --> 01:19:58,640
Hebu kuchukua look-- yeah, Dan.

1770
01:19:58,640 --> 01:20:03,101
>> Watazamaji: Je kifupi
CBC kusimama kwa chini ya AES karibuni?

1771
01:20:03,101 --> 01:20:10,422
>> DAVID Malan: Oh, CBC ni block-- nini
ni kusimama for-- kuzuia [inaudible] CBC.

1772
01:20:10,422 --> 01:20:15,090

1773
01:20:15,090 --> 01:20:16,340
Cypher Block Chaining.

1774
01:20:16,340 --> 01:20:20,230
Hivyo Cypher Block Chaining ni
kifupi kwamba inahusu,

1775
01:20:20,230 --> 01:20:23,120
Naamini, mchakato
ya yale yanayoendelea ndani

1776
01:20:23,120 --> 01:20:26,980
ya algorithm kwa cryptography, katika
kesi hii, ambapo ni iterative.

1777
01:20:26,980 --> 01:20:29,240
Wewe kufanya kitu tena,
na tena, na tena.

1778
01:20:29,240 --> 01:20:31,740
Na wewe kuchukua uliopita
pato, na kulisha ni

1779
01:20:31,740 --> 01:20:34,660
katika mchakato wako kama pembejeo baadae.

1780
01:20:34,660 --> 01:20:38,410
Hivyo kuendelea kulisha
matokeo ya nyuma katika wenyewe.

1781
01:20:38,410 --> 01:20:44,850
>> Na Analog hapa inaweza be-- mimi lazima
kuwa na uwezo wa kuja na mfano mzuri

1782
01:20:44,850 --> 01:20:45,410
hapa.

1783
01:20:45,410 --> 01:20:48,060
Hebu jaribu kufikiria
mfano bora hapa.

1784
01:20:48,060 --> 01:20:51,484
Hebu tuone kama tunaweza kuja
up na picha ya haraka.

1785
01:20:51,484 --> 01:20:53,400
Hebu tuone kama Wikipedia
inatupa picha kwamba

1786
01:20:53,400 --> 01:20:55,370
itakuwa explain-- hakuna, hiyo ni nzuri.

1787
01:20:55,370 --> 01:20:58,610

1788
01:20:58,610 --> 01:21:02,840
Hii ni mchoro zaidi
utata kuliko sisi kweli unataka.

1789
01:21:02,840 --> 01:21:08,770
Lakini Wazo hapa ni kwamba kama wewe ni
enciphering kitu, ni anapata kulishwa katika,

1790
01:21:08,770 --> 01:21:12,070
basi pato anapata kulishwa katika
tena, kisha anapata kulishwa katika tena,

1791
01:21:12,070 --> 01:21:15,870
ili yako iteratively
scrambling habari kwa kutumia

1792
01:21:15,870 --> 01:21:20,047
pato uliopita kama pembejeo baadae.

1793
01:21:20,047 --> 01:21:22,130
Hebu nione kama mimi kuja
na maelezo zaidi.

1794
01:21:22,130 --> 01:21:25,600
Nipe chakula cha mchana wakati kwa
Tambi juu ya kwamba moja.

1795
01:21:25,600 --> 01:21:26,380
>> Sawa.

1796
01:21:26,380 --> 01:21:28,640
Hebu kurudi hapa.

1797
01:21:28,640 --> 01:21:32,537
Nataka kuhamasisha you-- tu yako
kazi ya nyumbani kwa usiku wa leo, kama Ningependa,

1798
01:21:32,537 --> 01:21:35,120
na hawajaona hilo, ni
kuangalia video ya dakika 20, kama wewe

1799
01:21:35,120 --> 01:21:36,850
na intaneti na kwenda kwenye YouTube.

1800
01:21:36,850 --> 01:21:40,840
Wiki iliyopita Usiku wa leo ni show kipaji
na John Oliver kutoka Show Daily.

1801
01:21:40,840 --> 01:21:45,010
>> Na katika URL hii hapa, unaweza kweli
kuangalia yake look-- humorous yake,

1802
01:21:45,010 --> 01:21:48,020
lakini wakati huo huo mbaya
kuangalia suala hilo.

1803
01:21:48,020 --> 01:21:51,629
Na hopefully, hata zaidi ya
video ambayo mantiki.

1804
01:21:51,629 --> 01:21:52,920
Na hii ni katika slides, pia.

1805
01:21:52,920 --> 01:21:56,070
Hivyo kama una URL juu na
slides, hii ni hapa, pia.

1806
01:21:56,070 --> 01:21:59,620
Na tutaweza kupata wewe online
wakati wa mapumziko vilevile.

1807
01:21:59,620 --> 01:22:02,420
>> Hivyo katika dakika yetu ya kuhitimisha,
hebu tuangalie kwa haraka

1808
01:22:02,420 --> 01:22:06,530
katika mfano mmoja mmoja wa teknolojia
kuwa amewahi kuwasilisha siku hizi,

1809
01:22:06,530 --> 01:22:13,700
faili kugawana, katika matumizi ya
na katika mazingira ya ushirika.

1810
01:22:13,700 --> 01:22:22,370
Na kwamba ni kwa njia ya, kwa yetu
madhumuni, kitu kinachoitwa Dropbox.

1811
01:22:22,370 --> 01:22:26,000
Hivyo kwa wale usio wa kawaida, katika
sentensi moja au mbili, nini tatizo

1812
01:22:26,000 --> 01:22:28,388
haina Dropbox kutatua?

1813
01:22:28,388 --> 01:22:32,390
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible] na kisha kupata
juu ya iPhone yako au iPad popote.

1814
01:22:32,390 --> 01:22:33,290
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1815
01:22:33,290 --> 01:22:33,790
Hasa.

1816
01:22:33,790 --> 01:22:36,290
Ni inaruhusu wewe kushiriki
mafaili mara nyingi na wewe mwenyewe

1817
01:22:36,290 --> 01:22:39,290
ili kwamba kama wewe kufanya kuwa na iPhone,
simu Android, Mac, PC,

1818
01:22:39,290 --> 01:22:42,220
Macs nyingi, PC nyingi,
kompyuta nyumbani, kompyuta kazi,

1819
01:22:42,220 --> 01:22:46,480
unaweza kuwa na folder kwamba kwa upande ina
wake folders ndogo mwenyewe kuwa moja kwa moja

1820
01:22:46,480 --> 01:22:48,324
kupata synchronized katika
vifaa yako yote.

1821
01:22:48,324 --> 01:22:49,490
Na ni ajabu muhimu.

1822
01:22:49,490 --> 01:22:52,350
>> Kwa mfano, asubuhi,
kama mimi nina maandalizi kwa ajili ya darasa,

1823
01:22:52,350 --> 01:22:54,560
Mimi ili kupata slides wangu, au
video, au picha tayari,

1824
01:22:54,560 --> 01:22:57,760
kuacha yao katika folder juu ya nyumbani
kompyuta, basi kutembea kwenda shule,

1825
01:22:57,760 --> 01:23:01,187
na kufungua kompyuta kazi hapa,
na voila, ni magically there--

1826
01:23:01,187 --> 01:23:03,270
isipokuwa mimi Star up, ambayo
imetokea wakati mwingine,

1827
01:23:03,270 --> 01:23:05,830
na kuna kitu yanayokusumbua zaidi kuliko
kuwa amefanya kwamba masaa yote kazi kabla

1828
01:23:05,830 --> 01:23:08,610
na una kitu cha kuonyesha kwa
ni linapokuja suala la muda kwa ajili ya darasa.

1829
01:23:08,610 --> 01:23:10,640
Hivyo inashindwa wakati mwingine,
au binadamu inashindwa,

1830
01:23:10,640 --> 01:23:13,210
lakini katika nadharia hiyo hasa
nini ni zinatakiwa kufanya.

1831
01:23:13,210 --> 01:23:16,780
>> zaidi compellingly, kwa wengine
watumiaji, ni kwamba naweza mara nyingi sana

1832
01:23:16,780 --> 01:23:19,400
kisha Control click au
haki click folder

1833
01:23:19,400 --> 01:23:22,080
au faili kwamba mimi nina kutumia
na huduma hii,

1834
01:23:22,080 --> 01:23:26,080
na naweza kutuma URL kwamba matokeo
na kwamba bonyeza kwa rafiki,

1835
01:23:26,080 --> 01:23:28,270
na yeye au yeye anaweza kisha
download nakala ya faili hilo.

1836
01:23:28,270 --> 01:23:31,630
Au bado bora, tunaweza kushiriki
folders hivyo kwamba kama mimi kufanya mabadiliko,

1837
01:23:31,630 --> 01:23:35,080
kisha Victoria unaweza kuona mabadiliko yangu katika
folder yake, na Kareem baadaye katika siku

1838
01:23:35,080 --> 01:23:39,120
wanaweza kuuhariri na kuona kwamba
sawa faili na folder pia.

1839
01:23:39,120 --> 01:23:40,741
Hivyo kuna mengi ya maana hapa.

1840
01:23:40,741 --> 01:23:42,740
Na tutaweza tu scratch
uso, na kujaribu hapa

1841
01:23:42,740 --> 01:23:46,610
kwa spook wewe kidogo katika si kuchukua
kwa nafasi jinsi yote haya anafanya kazi

1842
01:23:46,610 --> 01:23:50,210
na nini maana halisi
ni kwa mambo ambayo unatumia.

1843
01:23:50,210 --> 01:23:55,300
>> Hasa, hebu fikiria
jinsi Dropbox lazima hakika kazi.

1844
01:23:55,300 --> 01:24:00,510
Hivyo kama mimi nina juu ya here-- hebu
kuchora picha ya haraka ya mimi.

1845
01:24:00,510 --> 01:24:10,760
Kama hii ni umri mdogo ME hii ni
na umri mdogo me juu ya mbali yangu hapa.

1846
01:24:10,760 --> 01:24:19,330
Na hebu kusema hii ni Victoria
na mkanda wake kwenye kamera yake.

1847
01:24:19,330 --> 01:24:24,080
Na hapa tuna Kareem,
na mbali yake hapa.

1848
01:24:24,080 --> 01:24:27,660
Na kisha mahali fulani ni jambo hili aitwaye
wingu, zaidi juu ya kwamba mchana huu

1849
01:24:27,660 --> 01:24:28,660
vilevile.

1850
01:24:28,660 --> 01:24:30,880
>> Hivyo ni jinsi gani Dropbox kazi?

1851
01:24:30,880 --> 01:24:32,629
Tuseme mimi kujenga
folder kwenye kompyuta yangu,

1852
01:24:32,629 --> 01:24:34,420
na mimi kufunga hii
programu inayoitwa Dropbox.

1853
01:24:34,420 --> 01:24:37,500
Lakini tunaweza pia kuwa kuzungumza
kuhusu OneDrive kutoka Microsoft,

1854
01:24:37,500 --> 01:24:41,160
au tunaweza majadiliano juu ya Google
Kuendesha gari, au idadi yoyote ya bidhaa nyingine.

1855
01:24:41,160 --> 01:24:43,270
Ni wote kimsingi sawa.

1856
01:24:43,270 --> 01:24:45,780
>> Kama mimi nimepata folder inaitwa
Dropbox kwenye kompyuta hii,

1857
01:24:45,780 --> 01:24:48,790
na nimekuwa tu kuundwa PowerPoint
presentation, au faili Excel,

1858
01:24:48,790 --> 01:24:52,220
au insha, na mimi Drag
ndani folder kwamba, nini

1859
01:24:52,220 --> 01:24:56,630
lazima yatokee ili kupata kwa
kompyuta Victoria au Kareem ya

1860
01:24:56,630 --> 01:24:57,210
kompyuta?

1861
01:24:57,210 --> 01:24:58,085
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1862
01:24:58,085 --> 01:25:00,430

1863
01:25:00,430 --> 01:25:01,180
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1864
01:25:01,180 --> 01:25:05,100
Hivyo mahali fulani katika hapa, kuna kampuni.

1865
01:25:05,100 --> 01:25:08,140
Na tutaweza kuwaita Dropbox hii.

1866
01:25:08,140 --> 01:25:09,530
Na hii ni David.

1867
01:25:09,530 --> 01:25:10,710
Hii ni Victoria.

1868
01:25:10,710 --> 01:25:12,350
Na hii ni Kareem hapa.

1869
01:25:12,350 --> 01:25:17,220
>> Hivyo kwa namna fulani, mimi ni lazima kuwa na internet
uhusiano ambayo inaongoza kwa internet--

1870
01:25:17,220 --> 01:25:19,680
zaidi juu ya kwamba baada wetu
break-- kwamba anapata kuhifadhiwa

1871
01:25:19,680 --> 01:25:23,590
kwenye seva katika makao makuu Dropbox,
au kituo cha data, popote ni.

1872
01:25:23,590 --> 01:25:27,890
Na kisha kompyuta Victoria na
kompyuta Kareem ya kupata kwamba data ni jinsi gani?

1873
01:25:27,890 --> 01:25:29,639
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1874
01:25:29,639 --> 01:25:30,930
DAVID Malan: Je, kwa kusema tena?

1875
01:25:30,930 --> 01:25:31,650
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1876
01:25:31,650 --> 01:25:31,890
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1877
01:25:31,890 --> 01:25:33,098
Nina kushiriki pamoja nao.

1878
01:25:33,098 --> 01:25:35,310
Hivyo nina wametuma
Kareem kwa Victoria URL,

1879
01:25:35,310 --> 01:25:38,210
au mimi kuwa na bonyeza baadhi chaguo menu
na aina katika yao ya barua pepe

1880
01:25:38,210 --> 01:25:39,560
hivyo ni moja kwa moja anapata pamoja.

1881
01:25:39,560 --> 01:25:40,768
Hebu tuseme mimi tumefanya hiyo.

1882
01:25:40,768 --> 01:25:43,247
Ni nini basi kinachotokea katika
suala la picha hii?

1883
01:25:43,247 --> 01:25:47,570
>> Watazamaji: Unahitaji akaunti ya mtumiaji
na njia ya authenticate--

1884
01:25:47,570 --> 01:25:48,320
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1885
01:25:48,320 --> 01:25:50,720
Sisi ni kwenda haja priori
aina fulani ya akaunti ya mtumiaji.

1886
01:25:50,720 --> 01:25:52,220
Hivyo mimi nimepata kujiandikisha kwa ajili ya Dropbox.

1887
01:25:52,220 --> 01:25:55,910
Kila mmoja wenu pengine ina kujiandikisha
kwa Dropbox, angalau katika hali hii.

1888
01:25:55,910 --> 01:26:00,790
Lakini basi hatimaye, faili kwamba anapata
zinaa chini katika mwelekeo huu,

1889
01:26:00,790 --> 01:26:03,250
tu kama akapanda kutoka
mwelekeo wangu huko.

1890
01:26:03,250 --> 01:26:05,800
>> Vile vile, kama tumekuwa kutumika
baadhi hulka ya Dropbox,

1891
01:26:05,800 --> 01:26:08,930
unaweza ama kufanya nakala ya mafaili
au kweli kushiriki originals.

1892
01:26:08,930 --> 01:26:11,090
Kama wewe guys kuanza kufanya
nakala, basi katika nadharia

1893
01:26:11,090 --> 01:26:13,450
hizo lazima kueneza nyuma yangu.

1894
01:26:13,450 --> 01:26:17,660
>> Hivyo kama wewe ni
hasa Paranoid user,

1895
01:26:17,660 --> 01:26:21,600
au uko CTO au mkuu
afisa wa usalama katika kampuni,

1896
01:26:21,600 --> 01:26:25,020
aina gani ya maswali unapaswa kuwa
kuuliza hapa kuhusu mchakato huu mzima?

1897
01:26:25,020 --> 01:26:26,280
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1898
01:26:26,280 --> 01:26:26,620
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

1899
01:26:26,620 --> 01:26:27,120
SAWA.

1900
01:26:27,120 --> 01:26:29,520
Hivyo mimi sasa ni mkuu wa Dropbox.

1901
01:26:29,520 --> 01:26:30,060
Ndiyo.

1902
01:26:30,060 --> 01:26:34,960
Sisi kutumia sekta ya kiwango
encryption ili kupata data yako.

1903
01:26:34,960 --> 01:26:36,381
Kuridhika?

1904
01:26:36,381 --> 01:26:36,880
Kwa nini isiwe hivyo?

1905
01:26:36,880 --> 01:26:40,457

1906
01:26:40,457 --> 01:26:41,540
OK, mimi itabidi kuwa maalumu zaidi.

1907
01:26:41,540 --> 01:26:46,940
Mimi kutumia 256-bit AES encryption tu
kama marafiki zetu katika Apple kufanya.

1908
01:26:46,940 --> 01:26:49,940
>> Watazamaji: Lakini data kwamba wote
lipo kwenye mashine hizo zote,

1909
01:26:49,940 --> 01:26:52,654
na mashine hizo zote
ni mazingira magumu.

1910
01:26:52,654 --> 01:26:53,320
DAVID Malan: Sawa.

1911
01:26:53,320 --> 01:26:53,819
Kweli.

1912
01:26:53,819 --> 01:26:56,920
Hivyo tuseme kuna rundo zima la
watumishi katika makao makuu Dropbox,

1913
01:26:56,920 --> 01:27:02,760
au data kituo cha, au yote ya yao
vituo vya data, na ni data--

1914
01:27:02,760 --> 01:27:06,200
na hii ni feature-- ni replicated--
copied-- katika seva nyingi

1915
01:27:06,200 --> 01:27:09,160
kwa sababu, Hasha, moja
kompyuta, moja kuendesha gari kwa bidii akifa.

1916
01:27:09,160 --> 01:27:11,830
Siku hizi kawaida sana
ni ya kuiga data

1917
01:27:11,830 --> 01:27:14,530
hela angalau katika kompyuta mbili
au mbili drives-- ngumu

1918
01:27:14,530 --> 01:27:17,350
wakati mwingine kama wengi kama
tano au zaidi ili,

1919
01:27:17,350 --> 01:27:20,140
kitakwimu, hata
ingawa, ndiyo, umeme

1920
01:27:20,140 --> 01:27:23,660
ili mgomo wote wa Dropbox
vituo vya data wakati huo huo,

1921
01:27:23,660 --> 01:27:27,020
au wanaweza kupata kushambuliwa kimwili,
au kuathirika wote kwa wakati mmoja,

1922
01:27:27,020 --> 01:27:30,660
uwezekano ya kwamba kinachotokea
ni sana, sana, chini sana.

1923
01:27:30,660 --> 01:27:34,730
Hivyo kwa makusudi na madhumuni,
data yangu ni yanayoambatana salama.

1924
01:27:34,730 --> 01:27:35,970
>> Lakini ni uliosimbwa.

1925
01:27:35,970 --> 01:27:36,480
Kwa hiyo?

1926
01:27:36,480 --> 01:27:39,390
Haijalishi kama kila nakala anapata
kuibiwa, haijalishi kama data

1927
01:27:39,390 --> 01:27:42,760
kituo cha anapata infiltrated,
data yangu bado ni encrypted

1928
01:27:42,760 --> 01:27:46,140
hivyo hakuna mtu anaweza kuona ni nini.

1929
01:27:46,140 --> 01:27:47,956
Ni maswali gani lazima
wewe kuendelea kuuliza?

1930
01:27:47,956 --> 01:27:51,169

1931
01:27:51,169 --> 01:27:53,752
Watazamaji: Je, ni zote encrypted
njia hiyo hiyo hela [inaudible]?

1932
01:27:53,752 --> 01:27:56,650

1933
01:27:56,650 --> 01:27:58,750
>> DAVID Malan: embarrassingly, ndiyo.

1934
01:27:58,750 --> 01:28:01,962
Sisi kutumia ufunguo huo encrypt
yote ya data ya wateja wetu.

1935
01:28:01,962 --> 01:28:04,920
Watazamaji: Lakini basi ni rahisi sana
kuisimbua na decrypt [inaudible].

1936
01:28:04,920 --> 01:28:05,400
DAVID Malan: Ni.

1937
01:28:05,400 --> 01:28:06,274
Na kwamba ni kipengele.

1938
01:28:06,274 --> 01:28:09,800
Tunaweza kufanya hivyo super haraka kwa ajili yenu,
ambayo ni kwa nini faili syncs hivyo haraka.

1939
01:28:09,800 --> 01:28:12,550
Sisi kutumia encryption-- huo
ufunguo sawa kwa kila mtu.

1940
01:28:12,550 --> 01:28:14,060
Ni kipengele.

1941
01:28:14,060 --> 01:28:16,320
>> Na mimi alisema ni sheepishly--
na hii kwa kweli,

1942
01:28:16,320 --> 01:28:18,430
Naamini, bado
kweli kitaalam kweli.

1943
01:28:18,430 --> 01:28:22,900
Wao kufanya matumizi ufunguo wa siri hiyo,
kama ni 256 bits au zaidi,

1944
01:28:22,900 --> 01:28:24,530
kwa data zote mteja.

1945
01:28:24,530 --> 01:28:26,820
Na hii ni sehemu
kwa sababu za kiufundi.

1946
01:28:26,820 --> 01:28:31,989
One, ikiwa mimi kugawana faili
na Victoria na Kareem,

1947
01:28:31,989 --> 01:28:33,780
na wanataka kuwa
uwezo wa kupata hiyo, nimekuwa

1948
01:28:33,780 --> 01:28:35,840
got kwa namna fulani decrypt yake kwa ajili yao.

1949
01:28:35,840 --> 01:28:41,110
Lakini mimi si kweli kuwa na utaratibu wa
kutoa Victoria na Karim ufunguo wa siri.

1950
01:28:41,110 --> 01:28:45,610
>> Kama mimi email ni yao, mimi nina kuacha
ni kwa sababu mtu yeyote kwenye mtandao

1951
01:28:45,610 --> 01:28:46,960
inaweza kukatiza email yangu.

1952
01:28:46,960 --> 01:28:50,480
Mimi hakika sitaenda kuwaita
yao na mlolongo wa 256 sekunde 0

1953
01:28:50,480 --> 01:28:53,150
na 1s au zaidi, na
kuwaambia aina yake katika.

1954
01:28:53,150 --> 01:28:55,964
>> Ni inaweza tu kuwa password,
lakini mimi bado d na kuwaita.

1955
01:28:55,964 --> 01:28:58,130
Na katika biashara, hii si
kwenda kufanya kazi vizuri sana.

1956
01:28:58,130 --> 01:28:59,570
Kama unataka kushiriki
file na watu 30,

1957
01:28:59,570 --> 01:29:01,030
Sitakuja kufanya
30 darn simu.

1958
01:29:01,030 --> 01:29:03,100
Na siwezi kutuma nje barua pepe
kwa sababu hiyo ni salama.

1959
01:29:03,100 --> 01:29:05,475
>> Hivyo kuna kweli hii
tatizo la msingi la kugawana.

1960
01:29:05,475 --> 01:29:09,440
Hivyo unajua nini, ni rahisi tu kama
Dropbox hana encryption kwa ajili yetu.

1961
01:29:09,440 --> 01:29:12,510
Lakini kama wao kufanya hivyo kwa ajili yetu,
tu wanajua muhimu.

1962
01:29:12,510 --> 01:29:17,550
Na kama wao kutumia tena muhimu,
hiyo ina maana kwamba wote wa data

1963
01:29:17,550 --> 01:29:21,596
inaweza kuathirika kama kwamba
yenyewe muhimu ni kuathirika.

1964
01:29:21,596 --> 01:29:24,220
Sasa, baada ya kuwaeleza angalau moja
buddy katika Dropbox, wanafanya have--

1965
01:29:24,220 --> 01:29:26,178
na nadhani wao wana
karatasi nyeupe kwamba kushuhudia

1966
01:29:26,178 --> 01:29:30,180
kwa hii fact-- wao kufanya kuwa sana, sana
watu wachache ambao wanapata kwamba muhimu.

1967
01:29:30,180 --> 01:29:32,560
kompyuta kuwa na
katika kumbukumbu, na ni

1968
01:29:32,560 --> 01:29:34,960
got kuwa wamefungwa katika
baadhi kuba mahali fulani ili

1969
01:29:34,960 --> 01:29:38,090
kwamba, Hasha, kompyuta
ajali au haja ya kuwa rebooted,

1970
01:29:38,090 --> 01:29:40,990
mtu hana kuwa na aina
katika kuwa ufunguo wakati fulani.

1971
01:29:40,990 --> 01:29:43,820
>> Hivyo kwamba ni kweli siri
mchuzi kama kulikuwa na yoyote.

1972
01:29:43,820 --> 01:29:47,670
Lakini hii dhahiri ina
maana kwa ajili ya data yangu.

1973
01:29:47,670 --> 01:29:52,020
Ni disclosable, kama mtu maafikiano
kwamba muhimu au kwamba kituo cha data.

1974
01:29:52,020 --> 01:29:55,150
>> Lakini pia inaruhusu
Dropbox kipengele mwingine.

1975
01:29:55,150 --> 01:29:57,620
Ni zamu nje na hii ni
aina ya biashara cost--

1976
01:29:57,620 --> 01:30:01,140
kama wewe kutumika tofauti
muhimu kwa ajili ya kila mteja,

1977
01:30:01,140 --> 01:30:04,980
au hata zaidi kwa kila
file, kimahesabu,

1978
01:30:04,980 --> 01:30:09,270
kila file, wakati encrypted, ingekuwa
kuangalia tofauti kutoka kwa kila file mengine.

1979
01:30:09,270 --> 01:30:12,450
>> Hivyo hata kama mimi alikuwa nakala mbili za
huo PowerPoint

1980
01:30:12,450 --> 01:30:16,280
kwenye kompyuta Kareem na juu yangu
kompyuta, kama wale files walikuwa encrypted

1981
01:30:16,280 --> 01:30:20,030
na funguo tofauti,
ciphertext-- scrambled thing--

1982
01:30:20,030 --> 01:30:21,610
bila kuangalia tofauti.

1983
01:30:21,610 --> 01:30:24,100
Hii si nzuri
Jambo sababu haina

1984
01:30:24,100 --> 01:30:27,510
basi Dropbox kutambua kwamba wale
files ni sawa, kama tumekuwa

1985
01:30:27,510 --> 01:30:28,920
aina ya kujadiliwa mapema.

1986
01:30:28,920 --> 01:30:33,940
Kwa nini huenda Dropbox unataka kujua
wakati watumiaji mbili au zaidi ni

1987
01:30:33,940 --> 01:30:35,640
kugawana hiyo file huo?

1988
01:30:35,640 --> 01:30:39,140
Kwa nini ni kwamba taarifa muhimu kwa ajili
Dropbox kutokana na mtazamo wa biashara?

1989
01:30:39,140 --> 01:30:39,860
>> Watazamaji: Nafasi.

1990
01:30:39,860 --> 01:30:40,651
>> DAVID Malan: Nafasi.

1991
01:30:40,651 --> 01:30:42,400
PowerPoint ya
kuwa kubwa,

1992
01:30:42,400 --> 01:30:45,760
lakini watu wa kawaida kushiriki big
movie files, video files--

1993
01:30:45,760 --> 01:30:48,120
labda kweli kubwa
PowerPoint maonyesho.

1994
01:30:48,120 --> 01:30:51,410
Na kama una watumiaji mbili na
file huo, au watumiaji 10,

1995
01:30:51,410 --> 01:30:53,970
au labda milioni watumiaji
na maarufu huo

1996
01:30:53,970 --> 01:30:56,340
kinyume cha sheria kupakuliwa
movie file, ni aina ya

1997
01:30:56,340 --> 01:31:01,820
fujo kuhifadhi nakala milioni
ya gigabytes hicho cha habari,

1998
01:31:01,820 --> 01:31:05,160
gigabyte moja kati ya video, na
hivyo Dropbox, kama mengi ya makampuni,

1999
01:31:05,160 --> 01:31:08,940
kuwa kipengele inayoitwa "deduplication--
deduplication, ambayo ni tu

2000
01:31:08,940 --> 01:31:14,040
njia dhana ya kusema duka moja
nakala ya faili huo, si nyingi,

2001
01:31:14,040 --> 01:31:17,290
na tu kuweka wimbo wa ukweli
kuwa watu milioni, au chochote,

2002
01:31:17,290 --> 01:31:18,890
na kwamba faili moja.

2003
01:31:18,890 --> 01:31:22,710
>> Hivyo tu kumweka milioni zote
watu au hivyo na faili huo.

2004
01:31:22,710 --> 01:31:24,330
Na bado kuunga mara chache.

2005
01:31:24,330 --> 01:31:26,690
Hivyo hii ni tofauti na
Suala la redundancy

2006
01:31:26,690 --> 01:31:28,980
katika kesi una vifaa
kushindwa au kama.

2007
01:31:28,980 --> 01:31:33,920
Lakini deduplication inahitaji kwamba
wewe si encrypt files mmoja mmoja

2008
01:31:33,920 --> 01:31:36,260
kama unataka kuwa na uwezo wa
kuamua baada ya ukweli

2009
01:31:36,260 --> 01:31:38,320
kama wao bado uko katika ukweli huo.

2010
01:31:38,320 --> 01:31:39,970
>> Hivyo kuna baadhi biashara awamu ya pili hapa.

2011
01:31:39,970 --> 01:31:43,370
Na ni si lazima
wazi nini wito wa kulia ni.

2012
01:31:43,370 --> 01:31:46,500
Binafsi na Dropbox, mimi itabidi kutumia
yake kwa lolote kuhusiana na kazi,

2013
01:31:46,500 --> 01:31:49,500
hakika kitu chochote kuhusiana na darasa,
hakika kwa files yoyote kwamba mimi kujua

2014
01:31:49,500 --> 01:31:51,984
ni kwenda kuishia juu ya
biashara anyway kwa uchaguzi.

2015
01:31:51,984 --> 01:31:53,900
Lakini mimi si kweli kutumia
hivyo kwa ajili ya mambo ya kifedha,

2016
01:31:53,900 --> 01:31:56,500
kitu hasa binafsi
au familia kuhusiana kwa sababu,

2017
01:31:56,500 --> 01:31:59,710
kama suala la kanuni, si
super starehe na ukweli

2018
01:31:59,710 --> 01:32:02,170
kwamba inaweza kuwa
encrypted juu ya Mac yangu mwenyewe,

2019
01:32:02,170 --> 01:32:05,590
lakini haraka kama unaendelea kutoka katika hilo wingu,
ni juu kidogo Servers umri Dropbox.

2020
01:32:05,590 --> 01:32:08,740
Na mimi nina uhakika pretty hakuna mtu
katika Dropbox ana yake nje kwa ajili yangu

2021
01:32:08,740 --> 01:32:10,490
na ni kwenda
poking kuzunguka mafaili yangu,

2022
01:32:10,490 --> 01:32:15,450
lakini wao kabisa nilikuwa katika nadharia,
bila kujali sera au ulinzi

2023
01:32:15,450 --> 01:32:16,710
taratibu wao kuweka katika nafasi.

2024
01:32:16,710 --> 01:32:19,980
Ni tu lazima
tekniskt iwezekanavyo.

2025
01:32:19,980 --> 01:32:23,120
>> Na Mungu apishe wao ni
kuathirika, I d badala faili yangu si

2026
01:32:23,120 --> 01:32:27,360
kuishia katika baadhi zip kubwa kwamba baadhi hacker
unaweka online kwa ajili ya dunia nzima kuona.

2027
01:32:27,360 --> 01:32:28,640
Basi hebu kushinikiza nyuma juu ya hilo.

2028
01:32:28,640 --> 01:32:29,700
Nini suluhisho basi?

2029
01:32:29,700 --> 01:32:33,850
Je, unaweza kuendelea kutumia
huduma kama Dropbox raha

2030
01:32:33,850 --> 01:32:35,580
na kuwahakikishia aina yangu ya wasiwasi?

2031
01:32:35,580 --> 01:32:36,580
>> Watazamaji: Private wingu.

2032
01:32:36,580 --> 01:32:37,704
DAVID Malan: Private wingu.

2033
01:32:37,704 --> 01:32:38,816
Hiyo ina maana gani?

2034
01:32:38,816 --> 01:32:41,524
>> Watazamaji: Naam, ninyi salama ni
namna fulani ili ni inapatikana tu

2035
01:32:41,524 --> 01:32:42,680
kwa kikundi fulani.

2036
01:32:42,680 --> 01:32:43,430
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah.

2037
01:32:43,430 --> 01:32:47,080
Hivyo haja ya kuigawa wingu
katika kitu kidogo zaidi chupuchupu

2038
01:32:47,080 --> 01:32:47,580
inavyoelezwa.

2039
01:32:47,580 --> 01:32:48,496
Na tutaweza majadiliano about--

2040
01:32:48,496 --> 01:32:49,400
Watazamaji: Internet.

2041
01:32:49,400 --> 01:32:50,441
>> DAVID Malan: biashara.

2042
01:32:50,441 --> 01:32:55,330
Hivyo mimi naweza tu Backup ndani ya nchi na yangu mwenyewe
nyumbani, Backup server, au server wingu,

2043
01:32:55,330 --> 01:32:56,007
hivyo kusema.

2044
01:32:56,007 --> 01:32:58,090
Kwa bahati mbaya, kwamba njia
kwamba Victoria na Kareem

2045
01:32:58,090 --> 01:33:00,960
unahitaji kutembelea zaidi mara nyingi kama mimi
unataka kushiriki files pamoja nao lakini.

2046
01:33:00,960 --> 01:33:02,070
Hiyo inaweza kuwa ni njia moja.

2047
01:33:02,070 --> 01:33:04,150
>> Pia kuna tatu
programu chama kwamba mimi

2048
01:33:04,150 --> 01:33:09,040
inaweza kutumia juu ya Mac yangu au PC yangu kwamba
encrypts yaliyomo ya folder,

2049
01:33:09,040 --> 01:33:12,520
lakini basi mimi kuwa na wito
Victoria au Karim, au email yao,

2050
01:33:12,520 --> 01:33:15,070
au kitu kuwaambia kwamba siri.

2051
01:33:15,070 --> 01:33:20,200
Na kwamba ni kidogo ya uongo nyeupe kwa sababu
kuna aina ya cryptography kwamba

2052
01:33:20,200 --> 01:33:22,470
kufanya naomba na Kareem,
na mimi na Victoria,

2053
01:33:22,470 --> 01:33:26,180
kubadilishana ujumbe siri bila
kuwa na, mapema, kushiriki

2054
01:33:26,180 --> 01:33:28,090
binafsi key-- siri
ufunguo na kila mmoja.

2055
01:33:28,090 --> 01:33:30,450
Ni kweli kitu kinachoitwa
umma muhimu cryptography.

2056
01:33:30,450 --> 01:33:33,630
>> Na sisi si kwenda katika kiufundi
undani, lakini wakati sisi leo

2057
01:33:33,630 --> 01:33:36,090
wamekuwa wakizungumza kuhusu
ufunguo wa siri cryptography,

2058
01:33:36,090 --> 01:33:39,000
ambapo wote mtumaji na mpokeaji
una kujua siri hiyo,

2059
01:33:39,000 --> 01:33:41,470
kuna kitu kinachoitwa
umma muhimu cryptography, ambayo

2060
01:33:41,470 --> 01:33:44,500
ina muhimu za umma na binafsi
muhimu, ambayo hadithi muda mfupi na

2061
01:33:44,500 --> 01:33:48,245
dhana uhusiano hisabati
ambapo kama Nataka kupeleka Victoria

2062
01:33:48,245 --> 01:33:52,310
ujumbe wa siri, mimi kuuliza yake kwa ajili yake
muhimu ya umma, ambayo kwa ufafanuzi yeye

2063
01:33:52,310 --> 01:33:53,300
Unaweza email yangu.

2064
01:33:53,300 --> 01:33:54,680
Yeye hawezi baada ya kuwa kwenye tovuti yake.

2065
01:33:54,680 --> 01:33:56,950
>> Ni ni maana kimahesabu kuwa umma.

2066
01:33:56,950 --> 01:34:00,580
Lakini ina uhusiano na
mwingine kweli kubwa inayoitwa

2067
01:34:00,580 --> 01:34:05,070
ufunguo binafsi kama kwamba wakati mimi
encrypt ujumbe yangu na yake, "hello,"

2068
01:34:05,070 --> 01:34:07,104
na muhimu yake ya umma,
unaweza labda nadhani

2069
01:34:07,104 --> 01:34:09,270
nini msingi tu
kimahesabu katika dunia ambayo

2070
01:34:09,270 --> 01:34:16,500
unaweza decrypt binafsi yangu message-- yake
muhimu au sambamba ufunguo binafsi.

2071
01:34:16,500 --> 01:34:19,040
>> Ni fancier math kuliko tumekuwa
imekuwa na kuzungumza juu hapa.

2072
01:34:19,040 --> 01:34:21,710
Siyo tu Mbali
hakika, lakini hiyo pia lipo.

2073
01:34:21,710 --> 01:34:25,240
Na kwa kweli, na tutaweza kurudi
kwa hii wakati sisi majadiliano juu ya mtandao,

2074
01:34:25,240 --> 01:34:27,897
ni tabia mbaya wewe sijawahi
kuitwa mtu katika amazon.com

2075
01:34:27,897 --> 01:34:30,980
wakati unataka kuangalia nje na yako
ununuzi gari na aina katika mikopo yako

2076
01:34:30,980 --> 01:34:34,260
kadi namba, na bado kwa namna fulani au nyingine
kuwa alama kufuli anayekuambia

2077
01:34:34,260 --> 01:34:35,560
uhusiano wako ni salama.

2078
01:34:35,560 --> 01:34:37,730
Hobela yako
na umri mdogo Mac au PC

2079
01:34:37,730 --> 01:34:39,900
gani kuwa encrypted
uhusiano na Amazon

2080
01:34:39,900 --> 01:34:43,010
hata kama wewe sijawahi
mpangilio pamoja nao kwa siri.

2081
01:34:43,010 --> 01:34:47,020
Na kwamba kwa sababu mtandao ni
kutumia umma muhimu cryptography.

2082
01:34:47,020 --> 01:34:50,327
Mbona sisi pause hapa, kuchukua 15 wetu
mapumziko ya dakika baada ya swali Olivier ya.

2083
01:34:50,327 --> 01:34:51,910
Watazamaji: Mimi tu swali bubu.

2084
01:34:51,910 --> 01:34:53,076
DAVID Malan: Hapana, si wakati wote.

2085
01:34:53,076 --> 01:34:57,320
Watazamaji: Kama una faili ya awali,
na ufunguo sawa kwa Dropbox,

2086
01:34:57,320 --> 01:34:59,244
kwa kila mtu, na wewe
na faili encrypted.

2087
01:34:59,244 --> 01:35:02,317
Je, unaweza [inaudible] muhimu?

2088
01:35:02,317 --> 01:35:03,650
DAVID Malan: Kusema kwamba kwa mara nyingine.

2089
01:35:03,650 --> 01:35:06,970
Watazamaji: Kama una awali
file na faili encrypted,

2090
01:35:06,970 --> 01:35:11,274
na una wote wawili,
hawawezi wewe tu [inaudible]?

2091
01:35:11,274 --> 01:35:11,940
DAVID Malan: Oh.

2092
01:35:11,940 --> 01:35:13,850
swali zuri.

2093
01:35:13,850 --> 01:35:16,850
Kama una maandishi wazi
na nakala ya siri,

2094
01:35:16,850 --> 01:35:19,950
unaweza infer ufunguo wa siri?

2095
01:35:19,950 --> 01:35:21,640
Inategemea cipher.

2096
01:35:21,640 --> 01:35:23,110
Wakati mwingine ndiyo, wakati mwingine hakuna.

2097
01:35:23,110 --> 01:35:28,840
Ni inategemea jinsi ngumu
algorithm halisi ni.

2098
01:35:28,840 --> 01:35:30,820
>> Lakini hiyo haisaidii hali yako.

2099
01:35:30,820 --> 01:35:33,220
Ni msingi
Tenet kwa, kama una

2100
01:35:33,220 --> 01:35:35,750
upatikanaji wa faili ya awali
na faili kusababisha,

2101
01:35:35,750 --> 01:35:38,440
unapaswa tena kutumia
kuwa ufunguo kwa sababu sasa

2102
01:35:38,440 --> 01:35:39,700
kuwa na taarifa kuvuja.

2103
01:35:39,700 --> 01:35:41,700
Na adui naweza
kutumia kwamba na kunyonya

2104
01:35:41,700 --> 01:35:46,590
kwamba kufanya nini wewe akidokeza,
na kubadili mhandisi nini kwamba muhimu ni.

2105
01:35:46,590 --> 01:35:50,260
>> Lakini katika kesi hii, labda wakati uko
kutuma kitu kwa mpokeaji,

2106
01:35:50,260 --> 01:35:52,590
tayari una imani
uhusiano nao.

2107
01:35:52,590 --> 01:35:56,420
Na hivyo kwa ufafanuzi, wanapaswa
na au kujua kwamba ufunguo tayari.

2108
01:35:56,420 --> 01:35:59,430
Ni wakati mtu katika
katikati anapata katika njia.

2109
01:35:59,430 --> 01:36:00,480
swali zuri.

2110
01:36:00,480 --> 01:36:02,020
>> Yote ya haki, Mbona sisi
kutulia, kuchukua mapumziko ya dakika 15.

2111
01:36:02,020 --> 01:36:03,000
vyumba wengine ni kwa njia hiyo.

2112
01:36:03,000 --> 01:36:05,375
Nadhani pengine kuna baadhi ya
vinywaji na vitafunio kwa njia hiyo.

2113
01:36:05,375 --> 01:36:07,900
Na tutaweza kuanza saa 5
baada ya 11, vipi kuhusu?

2114
01:36:07,900 --> 01:36:09,450
11:05.

2115
01:36:09,450 --> 01:36:11,736