1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,030

2
00:00:00,030 --> 00:00:00,460
>> DAVID Malan: zote haki.

3
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Sisi ni nyuma.

4
00:00:01,094 --> 00:00:04,260
Hivyo katika sehemu hii juu ya programu nini
Nilidhani tunatarajia kufanya ni mchanganyiko wa mambo.

5
00:00:04,260 --> 00:00:06,340
One, kufanya kidogo kidogo
ya kitu mikono-on,

6
00:00:06,340 --> 00:00:08,690
japo kwa kutumia zaidi playful
programu environment--

7
00:00:08,690 --> 00:00:11,620
moja kwamba ni demonstrative ya
hasa aina ya mawazo

8
00:00:11,620 --> 00:00:14,220
tumekuwa kuzungumza juu,
lakini kidogo zaidi rasmi.

9
00:00:14,220 --> 00:00:18,200
Mbili, kuangalia baadhi ya
njia zaidi ya kiufundi

10
00:00:18,200 --> 00:00:21,520
kwamba programu ingekuwa kweli kutatua
matatizo kama tatizo kutafuta

11
00:00:21,520 --> 00:00:24,530
kwamba sisi inaonekana katika kabla na
pia ni zaidi kimsingi

12
00:00:24,530 --> 00:00:26,020
kuvutia tatizo la kuchagua.

13
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>> Sisi tu kudhani kutoka kupata kwenda
kwamba kitabu cha simu ilikuwa yamepangwa,

14
00:00:28,840 --> 00:00:31,980
lakini hiyo peke yake ni kweli aina ya
ngumu tatizo na njia nyingi tofauti

15
00:00:31,980 --> 00:00:32,479
kulitatua.

16
00:00:32,479 --> 00:00:34,366
Hivyo tutaweza kutumia haya kama
darasa la matatizo

17
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mwakilishi wa mambo ambayo
inaweza kutatuliwa kwa ujumla.

18
00:00:36,740 --> 00:00:38,980
Na kisha tutaweza majadiliano
kuhusu katika baadhi ya kina nini

19
00:00:38,980 --> 00:00:42,360
zinaitwa data structures--
njia fancier kama orodha wanaohusishwa

20
00:00:42,360 --> 00:00:46,290
na meza hash na miti ambayo
programu ingekuwa kweli

21
00:00:46,290 --> 00:00:48,890
kutumia na kwa ujumla kutumia
juu ya ubao mweupe rangi

22
00:00:48,890 --> 00:00:51,840
picha ya nini yeye au yeye
inataka kwa ajili ya utekelezaji

23
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baadhi kipande cha programu.

24
00:00:52,980 --> 00:00:55,130
>> Basi hebu kufanya mikono juu ya sehemu ya kwanza.

25
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Hivyo tu kupata mikono yako chafu na
mazingira aitwaye scratch.mit.edu.

26
00:01:00,090 --> 00:01:02,636
Hii ni chombo kwamba sisi kutumia
katika darasa letu shahada ya kwanza.

27
00:01:02,636 --> 00:01:04,510
Hata ingawa ni iliyoundwa
kwa miaka 12 na juu,

28
00:01:04,510 --> 00:01:07,570
sisi kuitumia kwa ajili ya up
sehemu ya kwamba kidogo kabisa

29
00:01:07,570 --> 00:01:10,020
tangu ni nzuri, furaha
njia graphical ya kujifunza

30
00:01:10,020 --> 00:01:12,160
kitu kidogo kuhusu programu.

31
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Hivyo kichwa na URL kwamba, ambapo
unapaswa kuona ukurasa kabisa kama hii,

32
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na kwenda mbele na bonyeza
Kujiunga Scratch katika haki juu

33
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na kuchagua jina la mtumiaji na a
password na hatimaye kupata mwenyewe

34
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account-- scratch.mit.edu.

35
00:01:29,970 --> 00:01:32,165

36
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Nilidhani ningependa kutumia hii kama
nafasi ya kwanza ili kuonyesha hili.

37
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swali walifika wakati wa mapumziko
kuhusu nini kificho kwa kweli inaonekana kama.

38
00:01:39,120 --> 00:01:41,315
Na sisi walikuwa wanazungumza
wakati wa mapumziko kuhusu C,

39
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katika particular-- hasa
ngazi ya chini katika lugha wakubwa.

40
00:01:45,060 --> 00:01:47,750
Na mimi tu alifanya haraka
Google kutafuta na kupata C kificho

41
00:01:47,750 --> 00:01:51,574
kwa ajili ya kutafuta binary, algorithm kwamba sisi
kutumika kutafuta kwamba kitabu cha simu mapema.

42
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mfano huu hasa, bila shaka,
haina kutafuta kitabu cha simu.

43
00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:57,840
Ni tu misako rundo zima la
idadi katika kumbukumbu ya kompyuta.

44
00:01:57,840 --> 00:02:01,000
Lakini kama wewe Ningependa kupata tu Visual
hisia ya kile programu halisi

45
00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:05,370
Lugha inaonekana kama, inaonekana
kitu kidogo kama hii.

46
00:02:05,370 --> 00:02:09,759
Hivyo ni kuhusu 20-plus,
30 au mstari wa kanuni,

47
00:02:09,759 --> 00:02:12,640
lakini mazungumzo sisi
walikuwa kuwa juu ya mapumziko

48
00:02:12,640 --> 00:02:16,000
Ilikuwa kuhusu jinsi hii kwa kweli
anapata morphed katika zeros na ndio

49
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na kama huwezi tu revert kwamba
mchakato na kwenda kutoka zeros na ndio

50
00:02:19,200 --> 00:02:20,210
nyuma kwa kificho.

51
00:02:20,210 --> 00:02:22,620
>> Kwa bahati mbaya, mchakato
ni hivyo transformative

52
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kwamba ni rahisi sana kusema kuliko kutenda.

53
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Nilikwenda mbele na kwa kweli akageuka
kwamba mpango, Binary Search,

54
00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:32,700
katika zeros na ndio kwa njia ya
programu inayoitwa Compiler kwamba mimi

55
00:02:32,700 --> 00:02:34,400
kutokea kwa kuwa hapa haki juu ya Mac yangu.

56
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Na kama ukiangalia screen
hapa, kwa kulenga hasa

57
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juu ya haya katikati ya nguzo sita tu,
utaona zeros tu na ndio.

58
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Na wale ni zeros na ndio kwamba
kutunga hasa kwamba mpango kutafuta.

59
00:02:48,290 --> 00:02:53,720
>> Na hivyo kila chunk ya bits tano,
kila Byte ya zeros na ndio hapa,

60
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kuwakilisha baadhi ya mafundisho
kawaida ndani ya kompyuta.

61
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Na kwa kweli, kama wewe Nimesikia
masoko kauli mbiu ya "Intel ndani" - kwamba,

62
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bila shaka, tu ina maana una
Intel CPU au ubongo ndani ya kompyuta.

63
00:03:04,610 --> 00:03:08,000
Na nini maana ya kuwa CPU ni
kwamba una maelekezo kuweka,

64
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hivyo kusema.

65
00:03:08,840 --> 00:03:11,620
>> Kila CPU katika dunia, wengi wa
yao yaliyotolewa na Intel siku hizi,

66
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anaelewa finite
idadi ya maelekezo.

67
00:03:13,690 --> 00:03:18,690
Na maagizo hayo ni kiwango cha hivyo chini
kama kuongeza idadi ya hizi mbili pamoja,

68
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kuzidisha idadi hizi mbili pamoja,
hoja kipande hii ya data kutoka hapa

69
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kwa hapa katika kumbukumbu, kuokoa hii
habari kutoka hapa kwa hapa katika kumbukumbu,

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na hivyo sana aliye mzaa hivyo sana, sana
ngazi ya chini, maelezo karibu elektroniki.

71
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Lakini kwa wale hisabati
shughuli ikiwa ni

72
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na kile sisi kujadiliwa mapema,
uwakilishi wa data

73
00:03:37,410 --> 00:03:40,450
kama zeros na ndio, Unaweza
mnaimarisha kila kitu

74
00:03:40,450 --> 00:03:44,180
kwamba kompyuta anaweza kufanya leo, iwe
ni textual, graphical, muziki,

75
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au vinginevyo.

76
00:03:45,580 --> 00:03:49,450
>> Hivyo hii ni rahisi sana kupata
waliopotea katika magugu ya haraka.

77
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Na kuna mengi ya
changamoto syntactical

78
00:03:52,150 --> 00:03:56,630
ambapo kama wewe kufanya rahisi,
stupidest ya typos hakuna wa mpango

79
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kazi yo.

80
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Na hivyo badala ya kutumia
lugha kama C asubuhi hii,

81
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Mimi walidhani itakuwa
zaidi ya kujifurahisha na kwa kweli kufanya

82
00:04:02,240 --> 00:04:04,840
kitu zaidi ya Visual, ambayo
wakati iliyoundwa kwa ajili ya watoto

83
00:04:04,840 --> 00:04:08,079
ni kweli udhihirisho kamili
ya programu halisi

84
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language-- hutokea tu
kutumia picha badala ya maandishi

85
00:04:10,370 --> 00:04:11,710
kuiwakilisha mawazo hayo.

86
00:04:11,710 --> 00:04:15,470
>> Hivyo mara moja kweli kuwa
akaunti kwenye scratch.mit.edu,

87
00:04:15,470 --> 00:04:21,070
bonyeza Kujenga kifungo
katika juu ya kushoto ya tovuti.

88
00:04:21,070 --> 00:04:24,620
Na unapaswa kuona mazingira kama
moja mimi nina kuhusu kuona kwenye screen yangu

89
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hapa.

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00:04:26,310 --> 00:04:29,350
Na tutaweza kutumia kidogo tu
kidogo ya muda kucheza hapa.

91
00:04:29,350 --> 00:04:34,080
Hebu angalia kama hatuwezi zote kutatua baadhi
matatizo kwa pamoja katika njia ifuatayo.

92
00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:39,420
>> Hivyo kile utaona ndani ya hii
environment-- na kwa kweli tu basi

93
00:04:39,420 --> 00:04:40,050
me kutulia.

94
00:04:40,050 --> 00:04:42,680
Kuna mtu yeyote si hapa?

95
00:04:42,680 --> 00:04:45,070
Sio hapa?

96
00:04:45,070 --> 00:04:45,800
SAWA.

97
00:04:45,800 --> 00:04:49,030
Hivyo basi mimi kumweka nje chache
tabia ya mazingira haya.

98
00:04:49,030 --> 00:04:55,024
>> Hivyo juu kushoto wa screen, sisi
na hatua Scratch, hivyo kusema.

99
00:04:55,024 --> 00:04:57,440
Scratch si tu jina
wa lugha hii programu;

100
00:04:57,440 --> 00:05:00,356
pia ni jina la paka kwamba
unaona by default huko katika machungwa.

101
00:05:00,356 --> 00:05:02,160
Yeye ni juu ya hatua, hivyo
kiasi kama mimi ilivyoelezwa

102
00:05:02,160 --> 00:05:05,770
kobe ​​mapema kama kuwa katika
rectangular nyeupe bodi mazingira.

103
00:05:05,770 --> 00:05:09,800
dunia paka hii ya linabakia tu
kwa kuwa Mstatili juu juu huko.

104
00:05:09,800 --> 00:05:12,210
>> Wakati huo huo, juu ya haki
upande wa hapa, ni

105
00:05:12,210 --> 00:05:15,610
tu scripts eneo hilo,
slate tupu kama wewe.

106
00:05:15,610 --> 00:05:18,590
Hii ni wapi tunakwenda kuandika
mipango yetu katika muda tu.

107
00:05:18,590 --> 00:05:22,935
Na vitalu jengo kwamba sisi ataona
kutumia kuandika hii program-- puzzle

108
00:05:22,935 --> 00:05:25,310
vipande, kama wewe will-- ni
wale haki hapa katikati,

109
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na wao uko katika kundi
na utendaji.

110
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Hivyo, kwa mfano, mimi nina kwenda mbele
na kuonyesha angalau mmoja wa haya.

111
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Mimi nina kwenda mbele na bonyeza
Control jamii juu juu.

112
00:05:33,690 --> 00:05:35,720
>> Basi hizi ni makundi juu juu.

113
00:05:35,720 --> 00:05:39,410
Mimi nina kwenda bonyeza Control jamii.

114
00:05:39,410 --> 00:05:44,020
Badala yake, mimi nina kwenda bonyeza Matukio
jamii, kwanza kabisa moja juu juu.

115
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Na kama Ningependa kufuata pamoja hata
kama sisi kufanya hivyo, wewe ni kabisa kuwakaribisha kwa.

116
00:05:47,790 --> 00:05:52,180
Mimi nina kwenda click na Drag hii
moja kwanza, "wakati kijani bendera clicked."

117
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Na kisha mimi nina kwenda kuacha tu
takribani utafutaji juu ya slates yangu tupu.

118
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>> Na nini ni nzuri kuhusu Scratch
ni kwamba hii puzzle kipande, wakati

119
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interlocked kwa puzzle mengine
vipande, ni kwenda kufanya literally

120
00:06:04,560 --> 00:06:06,460
nini vipande wale puzzle kusema kufanya.

121
00:06:06,460 --> 00:06:09,710
Hivyo, kwa mfano, Scratch ni haki
sasa katikati ya ulimwengu wake.

122
00:06:09,710 --> 00:06:14,660
Mimi nina kwenda mbele na kuchagua
sasa, hebu sema, Mwendo jamii,

123
00:06:14,660 --> 00:06:18,000
kama Ningependa kufanya
same-- Motion jamii.

124
00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:20,430
Na sasa taarifa Nina nzima
rundo la vipande puzzle hapa

125
00:06:20,430 --> 00:06:23,370
tena kuwa, aina ya kufanya kile wanachosema.

126
00:06:23,370 --> 00:06:28,110
Na mimi nina kwenda mbele na Drag na
kuacha hoja kuzuia haki zaidi ya hapa.

127
00:06:28,110 --> 00:06:31,860
>> Na taarifa kwamba haraka kama wewe kupata
karibu na chini ya "kijani bendera

128
00:06:31,860 --> 00:06:34,580
clicked "button, ilani
jinsi mstari nyeupe inaonekana,

129
00:06:34,580 --> 00:06:36,950
kana kwamba ni karibu
magnetic, ni anataka kwenda huko.

130
00:06:36,950 --> 00:06:43,070
Tu basi kwenda, na itakuwa snap
pamoja na maumbo mechi.

131
00:06:43,070 --> 00:06:46,620
Na sasa unaweza labda karibu
nadhani ambapo tunakwenda na hii.

132
00:06:46,620 --> 00:06:51,570
>> Kama ukiangalia katika hatua Scratch
zaidi ya hapa na kuangalia juu ya jambo hilo,

133
00:06:51,570 --> 00:06:55,142
utaona taa nyekundu,
kuacha ishara, na bendera ya kijani.

134
00:06:55,142 --> 00:06:57,100
Na mimi nina kwenda mbele
na kuangalia screen-- yangu

135
00:06:57,100 --> 00:06:58,460
kwa muda tu, kama unaweza.

136
00:06:58,460 --> 00:07:01,960
Mimi nina kwenda bonyeza
kijani bendera sasa hivi,

137
00:07:01,960 --> 00:07:07,850
na alihamia kile kinachoonekana kuwa hatua 10
au 10, saizi dots 10, juu ya screen.

138
00:07:07,850 --> 00:07:13,390
>> Na hivyo si kwamba kusisimua,
lakini napenda kupendekeza

139
00:07:13,390 --> 00:07:17,440
bila hata kufundisha hii, tu
kutumia mwenyewe intuition-- yako mwenyewe hebu

140
00:07:17,440 --> 00:07:22,560
me kupendekeza kwamba wewe kufikiri jinsi ya
kufanya Scratch kutembea haki mbali ya hatua.

141
00:07:22,560 --> 00:07:28,700
Kuwa naye kupisha upande wa kulia wa
screen, njia yote ya haki.

142
00:07:28,700 --> 00:07:32,200
Nikupe wakati
au hivyo na kushindana na hiyo.

143
00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:37,681
Unaweza kutaka kuangalia
katika makundi mengine ya vitalu.

144
00:07:37,681 --> 00:07:38,180
Sawa.

145
00:07:38,180 --> 00:07:41,290
Hivyo tu kwa kurejea, wakati tuna
bendera ya kijani clicked hapa

146
00:07:41,290 --> 00:07:44,850
na hoja hatua 10 ni
mafundisho tu, kila wakati mimi

147
00:07:44,850 --> 00:07:46,720
bonyeza bendera ya kijani, nini kinatokea?

148
00:07:46,720 --> 00:07:50,070
Naam, kwamba mbio mpango wangu.

149
00:07:50,070 --> 00:07:52,450
Hivyo mimi naweza kufanya hili
labda mara 10 manually,

150
00:07:52,450 --> 00:07:55,130
lakini hii anahisi kidogo
bit hackish, hivyo kusema,

151
00:07:55,130 --> 00:07:57,480
ambapo mimi si kweli
kutatua tatizo.

152
00:07:57,480 --> 00:08:00,530
Mimi nina kujaribu tu tena na
tena na tena na tena

153
00:08:00,530 --> 00:08:03,180
mpaka mimi aina ya ajali
kufikia azma

154
00:08:03,180 --> 00:08:05,560
kwamba mimi kuweka nje kufikia mapema.

155
00:08:05,560 --> 00:08:08,200
>> Lakini tunajua kutoka wetu
pseudocode awali kwamba kuna

156
00:08:08,200 --> 00:08:11,870
wazo hili katika programu ya looping,
kufanya kitu tena na tena.

157
00:08:11,870 --> 00:08:14,888
Pia nikaona kwamba rundo la wewe
kufikiwa kwa nini puzzle kipande?

158
00:08:14,888 --> 00:08:17,870

159
00:08:17,870 --> 00:08:18,730
Kurudia mpaka.

160
00:08:18,730 --> 00:08:21,400
Hivyo tunaweza kufanya kitu
kama kurudia mpaka.

161
00:08:21,400 --> 00:08:23,760
Na nini wewe kurudia mpaka hasa?

162
00:08:23,760 --> 00:08:27,720

163
00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:28,540
>> SAWA.

164
00:08:28,540 --> 00:08:31,974
Na napenda kwenda kwa moja hiyo ni
fulani ni rahisi kwa muda tu.

165
00:08:31,974 --> 00:08:33,140
Hebu kwenda mbele na kufanya hili.

166
00:08:33,140 --> 00:08:35,559
Taarifa kwamba, kama unaweza kuwa
aligundua chini ya Control,

167
00:08:35,559 --> 00:08:38,409
kuna hii kuzuia kurudia, ambayo
haina kuangalia kama ni kuwa kubwa.

168
00:08:38,409 --> 00:08:41,039
Kuna chumba si sana katika
kati ya wale mistari miwili ya njano.

169
00:08:41,039 --> 00:08:43,539
Lakini kama baadhi yenu wanaweza kuwa na
niliona, kama wewe Drag na kuacha,

170
00:08:43,539 --> 00:08:45,150
taarifa jinsi hukua kujaza sura.

171
00:08:45,150 --> 00:08:46,274
>> Na unaweza hata Cram zaidi.

172
00:08:46,274 --> 00:08:48,670
Ni itabidi kuendelea kukua kama
wewe Drag na hover juu yake.

173
00:08:48,670 --> 00:08:51,110
Na sijui nini
bora hapa, hivyo basi

174
00:08:51,110 --> 00:08:54,760
mimi angalau kurudia mara tano, kwa
mfano, na kisha kwenda nyuma ya hatua

175
00:08:54,760 --> 00:08:56,720
na bonyeza bendera ya kijani.

176
00:08:56,720 --> 00:08:59,110
Na sasa taarifa ni kabisa huko.

177
00:08:59,110 --> 00:09:02,400
>> Sasa baadhi yenu mapendekezo, kama
Victoria tu hakuwa, kurudia mara 10.

178
00:09:02,400 --> 00:09:05,140
Na kwamba kwa ujumla anafanya
kupata naye njia yote,

179
00:09:05,140 --> 00:09:10,510
lakini hakutaka kuwe na imara zaidi
njia ya kiholela kuhesabia nje

180
00:09:10,510 --> 00:09:12,640
jinsi hatua nyingi kufanya?

181
00:09:12,640 --> 00:09:17,680
Nini kinaweza kuwa kuzuia bora
kuliko kurudia mara 10 kuwa?

182
00:09:17,680 --> 00:09:20,380
>> Yeah, hivyo kwa nini kufanya kitu milele?

183
00:09:20,380 --> 00:09:24,390
Na sasa napenda hoja hii kipande puzzle
ndani kuna na kujikwamua hii moja.

184
00:09:24,390 --> 00:09:28,300
Sasa angalia hakuna jambo ambapo Scratch
kuanza, yeye huenda kwa makali.

185
00:09:28,300 --> 00:09:30,700
Na nashiriki MIT,
ambao hufanya Scratch, tu

186
00:09:30,700 --> 00:09:33,190
hufanya uhakika kwamba kamwe
kutoweka kabisa.

187
00:09:33,190 --> 00:09:35,360
Daima unaweza kunyakua mkia wake.

188
00:09:35,360 --> 00:09:37,680
>> Na tu intuitively,
kwa nini yeye kusonga?

189
00:09:37,680 --> 00:09:38,892
Ni nini kinachoendelea hapa?

190
00:09:38,892 --> 00:09:41,440

191
00:09:41,440 --> 00:09:43,824
Yeye inaonekana kuwa kusimamishwa, lakini
kisha kama mimi kuchukua na Drag

192
00:09:43,824 --> 00:09:45,240
yeye anaendelea kutaka kwenda zaidi ya hapo.

193
00:09:45,240 --> 00:09:46,123
Kwanini hivyo?

194
00:09:46,123 --> 00:09:51,610

195
00:09:51,610 --> 00:09:54,360
Kweli, kompyuta ni literally
kwenda kufanya nini kuwaambia ni kufanya.

196
00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:58,380
Hivyo kama wewe aliiambia yake mapema kufanya
kufuatia jambo milele, hoja hatua 10,

197
00:09:58,380 --> 00:10:01,860
itakuja kuendelea na kwenda
mpaka mimi hit nyekundu kuacha ishara

198
00:10:01,860 --> 00:10:04,620
na kuacha mpango kabisa.

199
00:10:04,620 --> 00:10:06,610
>> Hivyo hata kama alivyofanya si
kufanya hivyo, ni jinsi gani mimi

200
00:10:06,610 --> 00:10:09,510
kufanya Scratch hoja kwa kasi
katika screen?

201
00:10:09,510 --> 00:10:12,060

202
00:10:12,060 --> 00:10:13,280
Zaidi hatua, haki?

203
00:10:13,280 --> 00:10:15,710
Hivyo badala ya kufanya 10
wakati, kwa nini sio sisi

204
00:10:15,710 --> 00:10:20,100
kwenda mbele na mabadiliko hayo to--
ungefanya ya kupendekeza 50?

205
00:10:20,100 --> 00:10:24,410
Hivyo sasa mimi nina kwenda bonyeza kijani
bendera, na kwa kweli, yeye huenda kweli haraka.

206
00:10:24,410 --> 00:10:27,180
>> Na hii, bila shaka, ni tu
udhihirisho wa uhuishaji.

207
00:10:27,180 --> 00:10:28,060
uhuishaji ni nini?

208
00:10:28,060 --> 00:10:33,090
Ni kuonyesha tu wewe a binadamu
zima rundo la picha bado kweli,

209
00:10:33,090 --> 00:10:34,160
kweli, kweli haraka.

210
00:10:34,160 --> 00:10:36,500
Na hivyo kama sisi ni kuwaambia tu
naye kwa hoja hatua zaidi,

211
00:10:36,500 --> 00:10:39,750
sisi ni kuwa tu athari itakuwa kwa
mabadiliko ambapo yeye ni juu ya screen

212
00:10:39,750 --> 00:10:42,900
zote kwa kasi zaidi kwa kitengo cha wakati.

213
00:10:42,900 --> 00:10:46,454
>> Sasa changamoto ijayo kwamba mimi mapendekezo
Ilikuwa kwa kuwa naye bounce mbali makali.

214
00:10:46,454 --> 00:10:49,120
Na bila kujua nini puzzle
vipande exist-- kwa sababu ni faini

215
00:10:49,120 --> 00:10:53,030
kama huna kupata
hatua ya challenge-- nini

216
00:10:53,030 --> 00:10:54,280
Unataka kufanya intuitively?

217
00:10:54,280 --> 00:10:58,030
Jinsi gani sisi kuwa naye Bounce nyuma na
nje, kati ya kushoto na kulia?

218
00:10:58,030 --> 00:11:02,630

219
00:11:02,630 --> 00:11:03,810
>> Yeah.

220
00:11:03,810 --> 00:11:05,680
Kwa hiyo, tunahitaji aina fulani
ya hali, na sisi

221
00:11:05,680 --> 00:11:09,710
wanaonekana kuwa na conditionals, hivyo
kusema, chini ya Kudhibiti jamii.

222
00:11:09,710 --> 00:11:14,110
Ni yupi kati ya vitalu haya
Je, sisi pengine wanataka?

223
00:11:14,110 --> 00:11:15,200
Yeah, labda "kama, basi."

224
00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:18,780
Hivyo taarifa kwamba kati ya vitalu njano
sisi hapa, kuna hii "kama"

225
00:11:18,780 --> 00:11:23,920
au hii "kama, mwingine" kuzuia kwamba mapenzi
kuruhusu sisi kufanya uamuzi wa kufanya hivyo

226
00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:25,000
au kufanya hivyo.

227
00:11:25,000 --> 00:11:27,380
Na unaweza hata kiota yao
kufanya mambo mbalimbali.

228
00:11:27,380 --> 00:11:34,910
Au kama umefanya si gone hapa bado,
kwenda mbele kwa Sensing jamii

229
00:11:34,910 --> 00:11:39,612
and-- hebu angalia kama ni hapa.

230
00:11:39,612 --> 00:11:43,050

231
00:11:43,050 --> 00:11:52,050
>> Kwa hiyo kile block inaweza kuwa na manufaa hapa
kuchunguza kama yeye ni mbali ya hatua?

232
00:11:52,050 --> 00:11:56,740
Yeah, taarifa kwamba baadhi ya vitalu haya
inaweza parametrized, hivyo kusema.

233
00:11:56,740 --> 00:12:00,706
Wanaweza kuwa aina ya customized, si
tofauti na HTML jana na sifa,

234
00:12:00,706 --> 00:12:03,330
ambapo sifa hizo aina ya
Customize tabia ya tag.

235
00:12:03,330 --> 00:12:08,880
Vile vile hapa, naweza kunyakua kugusa hii
kuzuia na mabadiliko na kuuliza swali,

236
00:12:08,880 --> 00:12:11,500
ni wewe kugusa panya
pointer kama mshale

237
00:12:11,500 --> 00:12:13,250
au ni wewe kugusa makali?

238
00:12:13,250 --> 00:12:15,210
>> Hivyo basi mimi kwenda katika na kufanya hili.

239
00:12:15,210 --> 00:12:18,130
Mimi nina kwenda kuvuta nje kwa muda.

240
00:12:18,130 --> 00:12:21,320
Hebu kunyakua hii kipande puzzle
hapa, hii kipande puzzle hii,

241
00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:24,570
na mimi nina kwenda kwa jumble
yao juu kwa muda tu.

242
00:12:24,570 --> 00:12:27,620
Mimi nina kwenda kwa hoja hii,
kubadili hali hii kwa kugusa makali,

243
00:12:27,620 --> 00:12:38,590
na mimi nina kwenda kwa mwendo kufanya hivyo.

244
00:12:38,590 --> 00:12:40,490
Hivyo hapa ni baadhi ya viungo.

245
00:12:40,490 --> 00:12:42,570
Nadhani nimepata kila kitu nataka.

246
00:12:42,570 --> 00:12:47,710
>> Je, mtu kama kupendekeza jinsi mimi
unaweza kuunganisha hizi labda top hadi chini

247
00:12:47,710 --> 00:12:52,020
ili kutatua tatizo la kuwa na
Scratch hoja kulia na kushoto na haki ya

248
00:12:52,020 --> 00:12:57,020
kushoto na kulia na kushoto, kila
muda tu bouncing off ukuta?

249
00:12:57,020 --> 00:12:58,050
Je, nataka kufanya?

250
00:12:58,050 --> 00:13:01,097
Ambayo kuzuia anatakiwa kuungana na
"Bendera wakati kijani clicked kwanza"?

251
00:13:01,097 --> 00:13:04,060

252
00:13:04,060 --> 00:13:06,200
>> OK, hivyo hebu kuanza na "milele."

253
00:13:06,200 --> 00:13:07,170
Yale yanayoendelea ndani ya ijayo?

254
00:13:07,170 --> 00:13:10,290
Mtu mwingine.

255
00:13:10,290 --> 00:13:11,850
OK, hoja hatua.

256
00:13:11,850 --> 00:13:12,350
Sawa.

257
00:13:12,350 --> 00:13:14,470
Halafu?

258
00:13:14,470 --> 00:13:15,120
Hivyo basi kama.

259
00:13:15,120 --> 00:13:17,720
Na taarifa, hata kama inaonekana
ipo pamoja kukazwa,

260
00:13:17,720 --> 00:13:19,500
itakuwa tu kukua kujaza.

261
00:13:19,500 --> 00:13:21,500
Itakuwa tu kuruka katika ambapo mimi nataka.

262
00:13:21,500 --> 00:13:25,920
>> Na nini mimi kuweka kati
kama na kisha?

263
00:13:25,920 --> 00:13:27,180
Pengine "kama kugusa makali."

264
00:13:27,180 --> 00:13:31,800
Na taarifa, tena, ni kubwa mno
kwa ajili yake, lakini itakua kujaza.

265
00:13:31,800 --> 00:13:35,002
Na kisha kugeuka digrii 15?

266
00:13:35,002 --> 00:13:35,710
Jinsi wengi digrii?

267
00:13:35,710 --> 00:13:38,800

268
00:13:38,800 --> 00:13:41,196
Yeah, hivyo 180 itakuwa spin
me njia yote kote.

269
00:13:41,196 --> 00:13:42,570
Basi hebu angalia kama mimi got haki hii.

270
00:13:42,570 --> 00:13:43,930
Hebu zoom nje.

271
00:13:43,930 --> 00:13:45,130
>> Napenda Drag Scratch up.

272
00:13:45,130 --> 00:13:50,030
Hivyo yeye ni kidogo potofu
sasa, lakini hiyo ni faini.

273
00:13:50,030 --> 00:13:52,231
Ninawezaje upya yake kwa urahisi?

274
00:13:52,231 --> 00:13:59,879

275
00:13:59,879 --> 00:14:01,045
Mimi nina kwenda kudanganya kidogo.

276
00:14:01,045 --> 00:14:04,074

277
00:14:04,074 --> 00:14:05,990
Hivyo mimi nina akiongeza mwingine
kuzuia, tu kuwa wazi.

278
00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:08,424
Nataka yake kwa uhakika nyuzi 90
na haki by default,

279
00:14:08,424 --> 00:14:10,840
hivyo mimi nina kwenda tu kumwambia
kufanya hivyo programmatically.

280
00:14:10,840 --> 00:14:11,632
Na hapa sisi kwenda.

281
00:14:11,632 --> 00:14:14,740

282
00:14:14,740 --> 00:14:15,740
Sisi wanaonekana wamefanya hivyo.

283
00:14:15,740 --> 00:14:19,980
Ni kidogo weird, kwa sababu
yeye kutembea juu chini.

284
00:14:19,980 --> 00:14:21,250
Hebu piga kwamba mdudu.

285
00:14:21,250 --> 00:14:22,120
Hiyo ni makosa.

286
00:14:22,120 --> 00:14:27,320
mdudu ni kosa katika mpango, a
mantiki kosa kwamba mimi, binadamu, alifanya.

287
00:14:27,320 --> 00:14:28,985
Kwa nini yeye kwenda kichwa chini?

288
00:14:28,985 --> 00:14:33,560

289
00:14:33,560 --> 00:14:35,250
Je, MIT screw up au alifanya mimi?

290
00:14:35,250 --> 00:14:38,840

291
00:14:38,840 --> 00:14:42,550
>> Yeah, I mean, ni si MIT
kosa. Wao alinipa puzzle kipande

292
00:14:42,550 --> 00:14:44,970
kwamba anasema kurejea baadhi idadi ya digrii.

293
00:14:44,970 --> 00:14:47,672
Na katika maoni Victoria,
Mimi nina kugeuka digrii 180,

294
00:14:47,672 --> 00:14:48,880
ambayo ni Intuition haki.

295
00:14:48,880 --> 00:14:53,700
Lakini kugeuka digrii 180 literally
ina maana kugeuka digrii 180,

296
00:14:53,700 --> 00:14:55,860
na kwamba si kweli
nini nataka, inaonekana.

297
00:14:55,860 --> 00:14:58,026
Kwa sababu angalau yeye ni katika
hii dunia mbili-dimensional,

298
00:14:58,026 --> 00:15:00,740
hivyo kugeuka ni kweli kwenda
flip yake kichwa chini.

299
00:15:00,740 --> 00:15:04,030
>> Mimi labda wanataka kutumia kuzuia kile
badala yake, kulingana na kile unaweza kuona hapa?

300
00:15:04,030 --> 00:15:11,890

301
00:15:11,890 --> 00:15:14,790
Jinsi gani tunaweza kurekebisha hili?

302
00:15:14,790 --> 00:15:18,380
Yeah, hivyo tunaweza kumweka
katika mwelekeo kinyume.

303
00:15:18,380 --> 00:15:22,300
Na kwa kweli hata hiyo ni
si kwenda kuwa kutosha,

304
00:15:22,300 --> 00:15:26,410
kwa sababu tunaweza tu kificho kwa bidii
kwa akizungumzia kushoto au kulia.

305
00:15:26,410 --> 00:15:27,920
>> Unajua nini tunaweza kufanya?

306
00:15:27,920 --> 00:15:30,160
Inaonekana kama tuna
urahisi kuzuia hapa.

307
00:15:30,160 --> 00:15:32,987
Kama mimi kuvuta, angalia
kitu sisi kama hapa?

308
00:15:32,987 --> 00:15:36,120

309
00:15:36,120 --> 00:15:40,020
Hivyo inaonekana kama MIT ina
uchukuaji kujengwa katika hapa.

310
00:15:40,020 --> 00:15:45,440
kuzuia Hii inaonekana kuwa sawa
ambayo vitalu nyingine, wingi?

311
00:15:45,440 --> 00:15:49,510
>> Hii kuzuia mmoja inaonekana kuwa sawa
kwa hii Trio mzima wa vitalu

312
00:15:49,510 --> 00:15:50,880
kwamba sisi hapa.

313
00:15:50,880 --> 00:15:54,670
Hivyo ni zamu nje siwezi kurahisisha yangu
mpango na kupata kuondoa yote ya kwamba

314
00:15:54,670 --> 00:15:58,270
na kuweka tu hii hapa.

315
00:15:58,270 --> 00:16:01,620
Na sasa yeye bado ni kidogo
buggy, na hiyo ni faini kwa sasa.

316
00:16:01,620 --> 00:16:03,370
Tutaweza kuondoka kwamba kuwa.

317
00:16:03,370 --> 00:16:06,000
Lakini mpango wangu ni hata
rahisi, na hii, pia,

318
00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:09,060
itakuwa mwakilishi
ya lengo katika programming--

319
00:16:09,060 --> 00:16:13,430
ni walau kufanya kanuni yako kama
rahisi, kama Compact iwezekanavyo,

320
00:16:13,430 --> 00:16:15,650
wakati bado kuwa kama
someka iwezekanavyo.

321
00:16:15,650 --> 00:16:20,310
You hawataki kufanya hivyo succinct
kwamba ni vigumu kuelewa.

322
00:16:20,310 --> 00:16:22,826
>> Lakini taarifa nimekuwa kubadilishwa
vitalu tatu na moja,

323
00:16:22,826 --> 00:16:24,200
na hiyo ni arguably jambo jema.

324
00:16:24,200 --> 00:16:27,280
Nimekuwa yanayotumika mbali dhana
ya kuangalia kama uko

325
00:16:27,280 --> 00:16:29,120
makali na kuzuia moja tu.

326
00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:31,520
Sasa tunaweza kuwa na furaha na hii, kwa kweli.

327
00:16:31,520 --> 00:16:35,790
Hii haina kuongeza kiasi
thamani ya kiakili lakini thamani playful.

328
00:16:35,790 --> 00:16:39,730
Mimi nina kwenda mbele
na kunyakua sauti hii hapa.

329
00:16:39,730 --> 00:16:42,900

330
00:16:42,900 --> 00:16:46,420
Hivyo basi mimi kwenda mbele, na napenda
kuacha mpango kwa muda.

331
00:16:46,420 --> 00:16:52,070
Mimi nina kwenda kurekodi yafuatayo,
kuruhusu upatikanaji wa kipaza sauti yangu.

332
00:16:52,070 --> 00:16:53,181
>> Twende sasa.

333
00:16:53,181 --> 00:16:53,680
Ouch.

334
00:16:53,680 --> 00:16:58,710

335
00:16:58,710 --> 00:17:01,140
Hebu jaribu hii tena.

336
00:17:01,140 --> 00:17:02,279
Twende sasa.

337
00:17:02,279 --> 00:17:03,570
OK, mimi kumbukumbu kitu kibaya.

338
00:17:03,570 --> 00:17:04,580
Twende sasa.

339
00:17:04,580 --> 00:17:05,080
Ouch.

340
00:17:05,080 --> 00:17:07,910

341
00:17:07,910 --> 00:17:08,800
Ouch.

342
00:17:08,800 --> 00:17:09,300
Sawa.

343
00:17:09,300 --> 00:17:10,791
Sasa mimi haja ya kujikwamua hiyo.

344
00:17:10,791 --> 00:17:11,290
Sawa.

345
00:17:11,290 --> 00:17:13,950
>> Hivyo sasa nina
kurekodi ya tu "ouch."

346
00:17:13,950 --> 00:17:18,040
Hivyo sasa mimi nina kwenda
mbele na wito huu "ouch."

347
00:17:18,040 --> 00:17:20,270
Mimi nina kwenda nyuma
kwa scripts yangu, na sasa

348
00:17:20,270 --> 00:17:25,460
ilani kuna block hii kwamba wito
kucheza sauti "meow" au kucheza sauti "ouch."

349
00:17:25,460 --> 00:17:28,920
Mimi nina kwenda Drag hii, na ambapo
lazima mimi kuweka hii kwa ajili ya athari comical?

350
00:17:28,920 --> 00:17:31,740

351
00:17:31,740 --> 00:17:37,860
Yeah, hivyo sasa ni aina ya
buggy, kwa sababu sasa hii block--

352
00:17:37,860 --> 00:17:42,050
taarifa jinsi hii "kama makali,
bounce "ni aina ya binafsi zilizomo.

353
00:17:42,050 --> 00:17:43,704
Kwa hiyo mimi haja ya kurekebisha hii.

354
00:17:43,704 --> 00:17:44,870
Hebu kwenda mbele na kufanya hili.

355
00:17:44,870 --> 00:17:48,630
Napenda kujikwamua hii na kurudi nyuma
ya awali wetu, zaidi ya makusudi

356
00:17:48,630 --> 00:17:49,870
utendaji.

357
00:17:49,870 --> 00:18:01,080
Hivyo "kama kugusa makali, kisha" Nataka
kugeuka, kama Victoria mapendekezo,

358
00:18:01,080 --> 00:18:02,480
digrii 180.

359
00:18:02,480 --> 00:18:05,497
Na mimi nataka kucheza
sauti "ouch" huko?

360
00:18:05,497 --> 00:18:11,800

361
00:18:11,800 --> 00:18:15,580
>> Yeah, taarifa ni nje
kwamba kuzuia njano.

362
00:18:15,580 --> 00:18:17,680
Hivyo hii, pia, itakuwa
mdudu, lakini nimekuwa niliona hiyo.

363
00:18:17,680 --> 00:18:21,290
Hivyo nina kwenda kwa Drag it up hapa,
na taarifa ya sasa ni ndani ya "kama."

364
00:18:21,290 --> 00:18:24,250
Hivyo "ikiwa" aina hii
ya kama Msamehevu mkono-kama

365
00:18:24,250 --> 00:18:26,260
kwamba kwenda tu
kufanya nini ndani yake.

366
00:18:26,260 --> 00:18:30,216
Hivyo sasa kama mimi kuvuta nje katika
hatari ya annoying--

367
00:18:30,216 --> 00:18:32,860

368
00:18:32,860 --> 00:18:36,470
>> COMPUTER: Ouch, ouch, ouch.

369
00:18:36,470 --> 00:18:39,910
>> DAVID Malan: Na ni
mapenzi tu kwenda juu ya milele.

370
00:18:39,910 --> 00:18:44,160
Sasa tu kuongeza kasi ya mambo
hapa, napenda kwenda mbele na kufungua,

371
00:18:44,160 --> 00:18:50,460
hebu say-- napenda kwenda kwa baadhi ya
ya mambo yangu mwenyewe kutoka darasani.

372
00:18:50,460 --> 00:18:53,000

373
00:18:53,000 --> 00:19:00,220
Na napenda kufungua, hebu sema, hii
moja yaliyotolewa na mmoja wa wenzetu mafundisho

374
00:19:00,220 --> 00:19:01,500
miaka michache iliyopita.

375
00:19:01,500 --> 00:19:04,732
Hivyo baadhi yenu wanaweza kukumbuka
mchezo huu kutoka yesteryear,

376
00:19:04,732 --> 00:19:05,940
na ni kweli ajabu.

377
00:19:05,940 --> 00:19:08,190
Hata ingawa sisi tumefanya
rahisi ya mipango sasa hivi,

378
00:19:08,190 --> 00:19:09,980
hebu fikiria nini hii
kweli inaonekana kama.

379
00:19:09,980 --> 00:19:10,650
Napenda kugonga kucheza.

380
00:19:10,650 --> 00:19:14,210

381
00:19:14,210 --> 00:19:18,980
>> Hivyo katika mchezo huu, tuna
frog, na kwa kutumia mshale keys--

382
00:19:18,980 --> 00:19:23,340
yeye anachukua hatua kubwa kuliko mimi remember--
Mimi kuwa na udhibiti juu frog hii.

383
00:19:23,340 --> 00:19:29,630
Na lengo ni kupata hela busy
barabara bila ya mbio katika magari.

384
00:19:29,630 --> 00:19:34,735
Na hebu see-- kama mimi kwenda juu hapa, mimi
kusubiri kwa ajili ya gogo na kitabu kwa.

385
00:19:34,735 --> 00:19:38,130

386
00:19:38,130 --> 00:19:39,274
Hii anahisi kama mdudu.

387
00:19:39,274 --> 00:19:42,240

388
00:19:42,240 --> 00:19:43,495
Hii ni aina ya mdudu.

389
00:19:43,495 --> 00:19:45,980

390
00:19:45,980 --> 00:19:46,480
Sawa.

391
00:19:46,480 --> 00:19:51,550
Mimi nina juu ya hii hapa,
huko, na kisha kuweka

392
00:19:51,550 --> 00:19:54,100
kwenda mpaka kupata zote
vyura usafi lily.

393
00:19:54,100 --> 00:19:55,920
Sasa hii ili kuangalia
zote ngumu zaidi,

394
00:19:55,920 --> 00:19:57,840
lakini hebu kujaribu kuvunja
hii chini kiakili

395
00:19:57,840 --> 00:20:00,040
na kwa maneno katika sehemu vitalu yake.

396
00:20:00,040 --> 00:20:03,910
Hivyo kuna pengine puzzle
kipande kwamba hatujaona bado

397
00:20:03,910 --> 00:20:07,440
lakini hiyo ni kukabiliana na keystrokes,
kwa mambo ya mimi kugonga kwenye keyboard.

398
00:20:07,440 --> 00:20:11,660
>> Hivyo pengine kuna baadhi ya aina ya
kuzuia kwamba anasema, kama ufunguo sawa up,

399
00:20:11,660 --> 00:20:15,965
basi kufanya kitu kwa Scratch--
labda hoja hiyo hatua 10 kwa njia hii.

400
00:20:15,965 --> 00:20:20,240
Kama ufunguo chini ni taabu, hoja hatua 10
njia hii, au muhimu kushoto, hoja hatua 10

401
00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:21,710
njia hii, 10 hatua hiyo.

402
00:20:21,710 --> 00:20:23,644
Nimekuwa wazi akageuka paka katika frog.

403
00:20:23,644 --> 00:20:26,060
Hivyo hiyo ni tu ambapo
Costume, kama Scratch wito it-- sisi

404
00:20:26,060 --> 00:20:28,440
tu kutoka nje picha ya frog.

405
00:20:28,440 --> 00:20:29,570
>> Lakini kile kingine kinachotokea?

406
00:20:29,570 --> 00:20:32,794
Nini mistari mingine ya kificho,
nini vipande vingine puzzle

407
00:20:32,794 --> 00:20:35,460
alifanya Blake, mafundisho wenzetu,
kutumia katika mpango huu, inaonekana?

408
00:20:35,460 --> 00:20:38,320

409
00:20:38,320 --> 00:20:42,730
Nini kufanya kila kitu move--
nini programu kujenga?

410
00:20:42,730 --> 00:20:44,950
>> Mwendo, sure-- hivyo
hoja block, kwa uhakika.

411
00:20:44,950 --> 00:20:49,330
Na nini kwamba kuzuia hoja
ndani ya, uwezekano mkubwa?

412
00:20:49,330 --> 00:20:52,850
Yeah, baadhi ya aina ya kitanzi, labda
milele kuzuia, labda kurudia block--

413
00:20:52,850 --> 00:20:54,070
kurudia mpaka block.

414
00:20:54,070 --> 00:20:57,330
Na kwamba ni nini kufanya magogo na
usafi lily na kila kitu kingine hoja

415
00:20:57,330 --> 00:20:57,990
na kurudi.

416
00:20:57,990 --> 00:21:00,270
Ni kinatokea tu bila ukomo.

417
00:21:00,270 --> 00:21:03,180
>> Kwa nini baadhi ya magari
kusonga kwa kasi zaidi kuliko wengine?

418
00:21:03,180 --> 00:21:06,607
Nini ni tofauti kuhusu programu hizo?

419
00:21:06,607 --> 00:21:09,690
Yeah, pengine baadhi yao ni kuchukua
hatua zaidi kwa mara moja na baadhi yao

420
00:21:09,690 --> 00:21:10,690
hatua chache mara moja.

421
00:21:10,690 --> 00:21:14,670
Na athari za kuona
ni haraka dhidi ya polepole.

422
00:21:14,670 --> 00:21:16,030
>> Je, unafikiri kilitokea?

423
00:21:16,030 --> 00:21:19,700
Nilipofika frog yangu njia yote
hela mitaani na mto

424
00:21:19,700 --> 00:21:23,560
kwenye lily pedi, kitu
vyema ijulikane kilichotokea.

425
00:21:23,560 --> 00:21:26,540
Ni nini kilichotokea kwa haraka kama mimi alifanya hivyo?

426
00:21:26,540 --> 00:21:27,210
Ni kusimamishwa.

427
00:21:27,210 --> 00:21:29,680
frog kwamba kusimamishwa, na
I got frog pili.

428
00:21:29,680 --> 00:21:33,155
Hivyo kile lazima kujenga
kutumika huko, nini kipengele?

429
00:21:33,155 --> 00:21:36,020

430
00:21:36,020 --> 00:21:38,660
>> Yeah, hivyo kuna aina fulani ya
"Kama" hali ya juu huko, pia.

431
00:21:38,660 --> 00:21:41,909
Na ni zamu nje hatukuona Haya
lakini kuna vitalu nyingine katika pale kwamba

432
00:21:41,909 --> 00:21:45,300
unaweza kusema, kama wewe ni kugusa
jambo lingine juu ya screen,

433
00:21:45,300 --> 00:21:47,720
kama wewe ni kugusa pedi lily, "basi."

434
00:21:47,720 --> 00:21:50,810
Na kisha kwamba wakati sisi
kufanya frog pili kuonekana.

435
00:21:50,810 --> 00:21:54,969
Hivyo hata ingawa mchezo huu ni hakika
tarehe sana, ingawa katika mtazamo wa kwanza

436
00:21:54,969 --> 00:21:58,010
kuna mambo mengi kwenda on-- na Blake
hakuwa mjeledi hii up katika dakika mbili,

437
00:21:58,010 --> 00:22:00,390
pengine kumpeleka kadhaa
masaa kuunda mchezo huu

438
00:22:00,390 --> 00:22:03,850
msingi kumbukumbu au video zake
ya toleo yesteryear ya yake.

439
00:22:03,850 --> 00:22:07,940
Lakini mambo yote haya kidogo
kinachoendelea screen katika kutengwa

440
00:22:07,940 --> 00:22:11,550
jipu chini kwa hizi rahisi sana
harakati constructs-- au kauli

441
00:22:11,550 --> 00:22:15,519
kama tumekuwa kujadiliwa, matanzi na
masharti, na hiyo ni juu yake.

442
00:22:15,519 --> 00:22:17,060
Kuna wachache makala nyingine fancier.

443
00:22:17,060 --> 00:22:19,130
Baadhi yao ni rena
aesthetic au acoustic,

444
00:22:19,130 --> 00:22:20,964
kama sauti I just alicheza na.

445
00:22:20,964 --> 00:22:23,380
Lakini kwa sehemu kubwa, wewe
kuwa katika lugha hii, Scratch,

446
00:22:23,380 --> 00:22:25,350
yote ya msingi
matofali ya ujenzi kwamba wewe

447
00:22:25,350 --> 00:22:29,280
kuwa katika C, Java, JavaScript,
PHP, Ruby, Python,

448
00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:32,960
na idadi yoyote ya lugha nyingine.

449
00:22:32,960 --> 00:22:36,720
maswali yoyote kuhusu Scratch?

450
00:22:36,720 --> 00:22:37,220
Sawa.

451
00:22:37,220 --> 00:22:40,303
Hivyo sisi si kupiga mbizi katika undani kwa Scratch,
ingawa wewe ni kuwakaribisha mwishoni mwa wiki hii,

452
00:22:40,303 --> 00:22:42,860
hasa kama una watoto au
wapwa na wajukuu na vile,

453
00:22:42,860 --> 00:22:44,220
kuwasilisha kwao Scratch.

454
00:22:44,220 --> 00:22:47,960
Ni kweli ajabu playful
mazingira na, kama waandishi wake kusema,

455
00:22:47,960 --> 00:22:49,120
juu sana dari.

456
00:22:49,120 --> 00:22:51,670
Hata ingawa sisi ilianza na
sana ngazi ya chini maelezo,

457
00:22:51,670 --> 00:22:54,890
unaweza kweli kufanya kidogo kabisa
na hayo, na hii ni labda

458
00:22:54,890 --> 00:22:57,360
maandamano ya hasa kwamba.

459
00:22:57,360 --> 00:23:02,920
>> Lakini hebu sasa mpito kwa baadhi ya zaidi
matatizo ya kisasa, kama wewe,

460
00:23:02,920 --> 00:23:05,870
inayojulikana kama "kutafuta" na
"Kuchagua," zaidi kwa ujumla.

461
00:23:05,870 --> 00:23:09,500
Tulikuwa na hii kitabu cha simu earlier-- hapa ni
mwingine mmoja tu kwa discussion--

462
00:23:09,500 --> 00:23:13,460
kwamba tulikuwa na uwezo wa kutafuta
ufanisi zaidi kwa sababu

463
00:23:13,460 --> 00:23:15,270
ya dhana muhimu.

464
00:23:15,270 --> 00:23:17,655
Na tu kuwa wazi, nini
Dhana ilikuwa ni mimi kufanya

465
00:23:17,655 --> 00:23:19,280
wakati wa kutafuta kupitia kitabu hiki simu?

466
00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:23,342

467
00:23:23,342 --> 00:23:25,300
Hiyo Mike Smith alikuwa katika
kitabu cha simu, ingawa mimi

468
00:23:25,300 --> 00:23:27,410
itakuwa na uwezo wa kushughulikia
scenario bila yeye

469
00:23:27,410 --> 00:23:30,720
kuna kama mimi tu kusimamishwa mapema.

470
00:23:30,720 --> 00:23:31,806
kitabu ni herufi.

471
00:23:31,806 --> 00:23:33,930
Na kwamba ni wakarimu sana
Dhana, kwa sababu hiyo

472
00:23:33,930 --> 00:23:36,580
ina maana someone-- mimi nina aina
ya kukata kona,

473
00:23:36,580 --> 00:23:40,580
kama mimi ni kwa kasi kwa sababu mtu
mwingine alifanya mengi ya kazi ngumu kwa ajili yangu.

474
00:23:40,580 --> 00:23:43,120
>> Lakini nini kama simu
kitabu walikuwa zisizochambuliwa?

475
00:23:43,120 --> 00:23:47,050
Labda Verizon got wavivu, tu kurusha
majina ya kila mtu na namba katika huko

476
00:23:47,050 --> 00:23:50,120
labda katika utaratibu ambao wao
saini kwa ajili ya huduma ya simu.

477
00:23:50,120 --> 00:23:54,570
Na ni kiasi gani wakati gani kuchukua me
kupata mtu kama Mike Smith?

478
00:23:54,570 --> 00:23:58,160
1,000 ukurasa simu book-- wangapi
kurasa kufanya nina kuangalia njia?

479
00:23:58,160 --> 00:23:58,905
>> Wote.

480
00:23:58,905 --> 00:24:00,030
Wewe ni aina ya nje ya bahati.

481
00:24:00,030 --> 00:24:03,420
You literally kuangalia kila
ukurasa kama kitabu cha simu ni tu

482
00:24:03,420 --> 00:24:04,450
nasibu yamepangwa.

483
00:24:04,450 --> 00:24:06,910
Unaweza kupata bahati na kupata Mike
katika ukurasa wa kwanza sana, kwa sababu yeye

484
00:24:06,910 --> 00:24:08,826
Ilikuwa mteja ya kwanza
ili huduma ya simu.

485
00:24:08,826 --> 00:24:10,760
Lakini yeye anaweza kuwa mwisho, pia.

486
00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:12,500
>> Hivyo ili random si nzuri.

487
00:24:12,500 --> 00:24:16,750
Hivyo tuseme tuna kutatua
kitabu cha simu au katika data ujumla aina

488
00:24:16,750 --> 00:24:18,520
kwamba sisi tumekuwa aliyopewa.

489
00:24:18,520 --> 00:24:19,440
Tunawezaje kufanya hivyo?

490
00:24:19,440 --> 00:24:21,360
>> Naam, napenda tu kujaribu
mfano rahisi hapa.

491
00:24:21,360 --> 00:24:24,290
Hebu kwenda mbele na toss
idadi chache juu ya bodi.

492
00:24:24,290 --> 00:24:35,480
Tuseme idadi tuna watu,
hebu sema, nne, mbili, moja, na tatu.

493
00:24:35,480 --> 00:24:38,390
Na, Ben, kutatua namba hizi kwa ajili yetu.

494
00:24:38,390 --> 00:24:39,017
>> OK, vizuri.

495
00:24:39,017 --> 00:24:39,850
Jinsi gani unaweza kufanya hivyo?

496
00:24:39,850 --> 00:24:42,731

497
00:24:42,731 --> 00:24:43,230
Sawa.

498
00:24:43,230 --> 00:24:44,710
Hivyo kuanza na ndogo
thamani na ya juu,

499
00:24:44,710 --> 00:24:46,084
na kwamba ni kweli nzuri Intuition.

500
00:24:46,084 --> 00:24:48,080
Na kutambua kwamba sisi
binadamu ni kweli pretty

501
00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:49,913
nzuri katika kutatua matatizo
kama hii, angalau

502
00:24:49,913 --> 00:24:51,810
wakati data ni ndogo.

503
00:24:51,810 --> 00:24:54,860
Haraka kama wewe kuanza kuwa na mamia
ya idadi, maelfu ya namba,

504
00:24:54,860 --> 00:24:58,440
mamilioni ya idadi, Ben pengine
hakuweza kufanya hivyo kabisa kwamba haraka,

505
00:24:58,440 --> 00:25:00,620
kuchukua kwamba kulikuwa na
mapengo katika namba.

506
00:25:00,620 --> 00:25:03,450
Pretty rahisi kuhesabu hadi milioni
vinginevyo, wakati tu ya kuteketeza.

507
00:25:03,450 --> 00:25:07,150
>> Hivyo algorithm ni sauti
kama Ben kutumika tu sasa

508
00:25:07,150 --> 00:25:08,930
Ilikuwa search kwa idadi ndogo.

509
00:25:08,930 --> 00:25:12,900
Hivyo hata kama sisi binadamu wanaweza kuchukua
katika mengi ya habari kuibua,

510
00:25:12,900 --> 00:25:14,830
kompyuta ni kweli
zaidi kidogo mdogo.

511
00:25:14,830 --> 00:25:17,560
kompyuta Unaweza tu
kuangalia Byte moja kwa wakati mmoja

512
00:25:17,560 --> 00:25:20,770
au labda ka nne katika time--
siku hizi labda 8 ka katika time--

513
00:25:20,770 --> 00:25:24,450
lakini idadi ndogo sana
ya ka wakati huo.

514
00:25:24,450 --> 00:25:28,480
>> Hivyo kutokana na kwamba sisi kweli kuwa
maadili nne tofauti here--

515
00:25:28,480 --> 00:25:32,440
na unaweza kufikiria Ben kama kuwa
blinders juu kama angekuwa kompyuta kama

516
00:25:32,440 --> 00:25:36,450
kwamba hawezi kuuona kitu kingine chochote
kuliko namba moja katika time--

517
00:25:36,450 --> 00:25:39,720
hivyo sisi ujumla kudhani, kama katika
Kiingereza, tutaweza kusoma kutoka kulia kwenda kushoto.

518
00:25:39,720 --> 00:25:42,870
Hivyo idadi ya kwanza Ben pengine inaonekana
katika mara nne na kisha kwa haraka sana

519
00:25:42,870 --> 00:25:44,770
barabara hiyo ni pretty big
number-- napenda kuendelea kutafuta.

520
00:25:44,770 --> 00:25:45,357
>> Kuna mawili.

521
00:25:45,357 --> 00:25:45,940
Subiri kidogo.

522
00:25:45,940 --> 00:25:47,070
Mbili ni ndogo kuliko nne.

523
00:25:47,070 --> 00:25:47,986
Mimi nina kwenda kukumbuka.

524
00:25:47,986 --> 00:25:49,070
Mbili ni sasa ndogo.

525
00:25:49,070 --> 00:25:50,417
Sasa one-- hiyo ni bora zaidi.

526
00:25:50,417 --> 00:25:51,250
Hiyo ni hata kidogo.

527
00:25:51,250 --> 00:25:54,000
Mimi nina kwenda kusahau kuhusu mbili
na kumbuka tu moja sasa.

528
00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:56,550
>> Na hakuweza kuacha kuangalia?

529
00:25:56,550 --> 00:25:58,360
Naam, hakuweza msingi
juu ya habari hii,

530
00:25:58,360 --> 00:26:00,477
lakini yeye d search bora
mapumziko ya orodha.

531
00:26:00,477 --> 00:26:02,060
Kwa sababu nini kama zero walikuwa katika orodha?

532
00:26:02,060 --> 00:26:03,643
Nini kama hasi moja walikuwa katika orodha?

533
00:26:03,643 --> 00:26:07,720
Yeye tu anajua kwamba jibu lake
ni sahihi kama yeye ni vyema

534
00:26:07,720 --> 00:26:08,729
kuchunguzwa orodha nzima.

535
00:26:08,729 --> 00:26:10,020
Hivyo sisi kuangalia wengine wa hii.

536
00:26:10,020 --> 00:26:11,394
Three-- kwamba ilikuwa ni kupoteza muda.

537
00:26:11,394 --> 00:26:13,540
Got unlucky, lakini mimi nilikuwa
bado sahihi kufanya hivyo.

538
00:26:13,540 --> 00:26:17,857
Na hivyo sasa yeye labda
kuchaguliwa idadi ndogo

539
00:26:17,857 --> 00:26:20,440
na tu ya kuweka katika mwanzo
ya orodha, kama mimi itabidi kufanya hapa.

540
00:26:20,440 --> 00:26:23,480
Sasa mlifanya nini ijayo, ingawa
wewe si kufikiri kuhusu hilo karibu

541
00:26:23,480 --> 00:26:25,962
kwa kiasi hiki?

542
00:26:25,962 --> 00:26:27,670
Kurudia utaratibu,
hivyo baadhi ya aina ya kitanzi.

543
00:26:27,670 --> 00:26:28,920
Kuna wazo ukoo.

544
00:26:28,920 --> 00:26:30,860
Hivyo hapa ni nne.

545
00:26:30,860 --> 00:26:32,110
Hiyo ni kwa sasa ndogo.

546
00:26:32,110 --> 00:26:33,220
Hiyo ni mgombea.

547
00:26:33,220 --> 00:26:33,900
Sivyo tena.

548
00:26:33,900 --> 00:26:34,770
Sasa nimeona mbili.

549
00:26:34,770 --> 00:26:36,630
Hiyo ni kipengele ijayo ndogo.

550
00:26:36,630 --> 00:26:40,800
Three-- si kwamba ndogo, hivyo
sasa Ben unaweza kuyang'oa mbili.

551
00:26:40,800 --> 00:26:44,510
>> Na sasa sisi kurudia utaratibu, na
bila shaka tatu anapata vunjwa nje ijayo.

552
00:26:44,510 --> 00:26:45,420
Kurudia utaratibu.

553
00:26:45,420 --> 00:26:46,990
Nne anapata vunjwa nje.

554
00:26:46,990 --> 00:26:50,140
Na sasa tuko nje ya namba,
hivyo orodha lazima kutatuliwa.

555
00:26:50,140 --> 00:26:51,960
>> Na hakika, hii ni algorithm rasmi.

556
00:26:51,960 --> 00:26:56,610
mwanasayansi kompyuta ingekuwa
wito huu "uteuzi aina,"

557
00:26:56,610 --> 00:27:00,880
Wazo kuwa aina a
orodha iteratively-- tena

558
00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:03,807
na tena na tena kuchagua
idadi ndogo.

559
00:27:03,807 --> 00:27:06,140
Na nini ni nzuri juu yake ni
ni tu hivyo darn Intuitive.

560
00:27:06,140 --> 00:27:07,470
Ni rahisi hivyo.

561
00:27:07,470 --> 00:27:11,100
Na unaweza kurudia huo
operesheni tena na tena.

562
00:27:11,100 --> 00:27:12,150
Ni rahisi.

563
00:27:12,150 --> 00:27:17,170
>> Katika kesi hiyo ilikuwa ni ya haraka, lakini
muda gani kweli kuchukua?

564
00:27:17,170 --> 00:27:19,880
Hebu kufanya hivyo kuonekana na
kujisikia kidogo zaidi tedious.

565
00:27:19,880 --> 00:27:24,150
Hivyo moja, mbili, tatu, nne, tano na sita,
saba, nane, tisa, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,

566
00:27:24,150 --> 00:27:26,160
15, 16-- idadi holela.

567
00:27:26,160 --> 00:27:28,780
Mimi nilitaka huu zaidi
muda kuliko tu minne.

568
00:27:28,780 --> 00:27:30,780
Hivyo kama mimi nimepata nzima
rundo la idadi now-- ni

569
00:27:30,780 --> 00:27:32,420
haina hata jambo
wanayo are-- ya basi

570
00:27:32,420 --> 00:27:34,380
fikiria yale ambayo
algorithm kweli ni kama.

571
00:27:34,380 --> 00:27:35,857
>> Tuseme kuna idadi huko.

572
00:27:35,857 --> 00:27:38,190
Tena, haijalishi nini
wao, lakini wao uko random.

573
00:27:38,190 --> 00:27:39,679
Ninaomba algorithm Ben.

574
00:27:39,679 --> 00:27:41,220
Mimi haja ya kuchagua idadi ndogo.

575
00:27:41,220 --> 00:27:41,761
Nifanyeje?

576
00:27:41,761 --> 00:27:44,240
Na mimi nina kwenda kwa kimwili
kufanya hivyo wakati huu kutenda nje.

577
00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:46,099
Kuangalia, kuangalia,
kuangalia, kuangalia, kuangalia.

578
00:27:46,099 --> 00:27:48,140
Tu kwa wakati mimi kupata
mwisho wa orodha Unaweza

579
00:27:48,140 --> 00:27:51,230
Mimi kutambua ndogo
idadi mara mbili wakati huu.

580
00:27:51,230 --> 00:27:52,720
Moja siyo katika orodha.

581
00:27:52,720 --> 00:27:54,400
Hivyo mimi kuweka chini mbili.

582
00:27:54,400 --> 00:27:55,590
>> Je, nini baada ya hapo?

583
00:27:55,590 --> 00:27:58,600
Kuangalia, kuangalia, kuangalia, kuangalia.

584
00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:02,250
Sasa nimeona namba saba, kwa sababu
kuna mapengo katika numbers-- hizi

585
00:28:02,250 --> 00:28:03,300
lakini tu kiholela.

586
00:28:03,300 --> 00:28:03,800
Sawa.

587
00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:06,030
Hivyo sasa siwezi kuweka chini saba.

588
00:28:06,030 --> 00:28:08,860
Kuangalia kuangalia, kuangalia.

589
00:28:08,860 --> 00:28:11,030
>> Sasa mimi nina kuchukua, ya
Bila shaka, kwamba Ben hana

590
00:28:11,030 --> 00:28:14,780
na RAM ziada, ziada
kumbukumbu, kwa sababu, bila shaka,

591
00:28:14,780 --> 00:28:16,080
Mimi nina kuangalia idadi sawa.

592
00:28:16,080 --> 00:28:18,246
Hakika mimi naweza kuwa ikumbukwe
yote ya namba hizo,

593
00:28:18,246 --> 00:28:19,930
na hiyo ni kweli kabisa.

594
00:28:19,930 --> 00:28:22,610
Lakini kama Ben anakumbuka zote
ya idadi yeye kuonekana,

595
00:28:22,610 --> 00:28:24,430
yeye si kweli alifanya
maendeleo ya msingi

596
00:28:24,430 --> 00:28:26,170
kwa sababu yeye tayari ana
uwezo wa kutafuta

597
00:28:26,170 --> 00:28:27,540
kupitia namba kwenye bodi.

598
00:28:27,540 --> 00:28:29,373
Kukumbuka yote ya
idadi hana msaada,

599
00:28:29,373 --> 00:28:32,490
kwa sababu yeye bado anaweza kama kompyuta
tu kuangalia, tumekuwa alisema, namba moja

600
00:28:32,490 --> 00:28:33,080
kwa wakati.

601
00:28:33,080 --> 00:28:35,760
Hivyo hakuna aina ya kudanganya
pale kwamba unaweza kujiinua.

602
00:28:35,760 --> 00:28:39,170
>> Hivyo katika hali halisi, kama mimi
kuweka kutafuta orodha,

603
00:28:39,170 --> 00:28:44,200
I literally kuwa na kushika tu kwenda
na kurudi kwa njia hiyo, kukwanyua nje

604
00:28:44,200 --> 00:28:45,710
idadi ya pili ndogo.

605
00:28:45,710 --> 00:28:48,810
Na kama unaweza aina ya infer
kutoka harakati yangu silly,

606
00:28:48,810 --> 00:28:50,860
hii anapata tu sana
tedious haraka sana,

607
00:28:50,860 --> 00:28:54,850
na mimi wanaonekana kuwa kwenda nyuma na
nje, na kurudi kidogo kabisa.

608
00:28:54,850 --> 00:29:03,220
Sasa kuwa wa haki, sina ya kwenda
kabisa kama, vizuri, hebu see-- kuwa wa haki,

609
00:29:03,220 --> 00:29:06,310
Sina kutembea kabisa
hatua kama wengi kila wakati.

610
00:29:06,310 --> 00:29:09,200
Kwa sababu, bila shaka, kama mimi
kuchagua idadi kutoka orodha,

611
00:29:09,200 --> 00:29:11,860
orodha iliyobaki ni kupata mfupi.

612
00:29:11,860 --> 00:29:14,240
>> Na hivyo hebu fikiria kuhusu
jinsi hatua nyingi mimi nina kweli

613
00:29:14,240 --> 00:29:16,010
traipsing kwa njia ya kila wakati.

614
00:29:16,010 --> 00:29:18,950
Katika hali ya kwanza kabisa
tulikuwa na idadi 16,

615
00:29:18,950 --> 00:29:22,210
na hivyo maximally-- hebu tu
kufanya hivyo kwa discussion--

616
00:29:22,210 --> 00:29:25,640
Mimi nilikuwa na kuangalia kwa njia ya 16
idadi kupata ndogo.

617
00:29:25,640 --> 00:29:28,420
Lakini mara moja mimi kumpokonya nje
idadi ndogo, jinsi

618
00:29:28,420 --> 00:29:30,590
muda mrefu alikuwa orodha iliyobaki, bila shaka?

619
00:29:30,590 --> 00:29:31,420
15 tu.

620
00:29:31,420 --> 00:29:34,670
Hivyo ni jinsi wengi idadi alivyofanya Ben au nina
kuangalia njia wakati wa marudiano?

621
00:29:34,670 --> 00:29:36,832
15, tu kwenda na kupata ndogo.

622
00:29:36,832 --> 00:29:39,540
Lakini sasa, bila shaka, orodha ni,
pia, ndogo kuliko ilivyokuwa kabla.

623
00:29:39,540 --> 00:29:42,540
Hivyo hatua ngapi alifanya mimi
Una kuchukua wakati mwingine?

624
00:29:42,540 --> 00:29:49,970
14 na kisha 13 na kisha 12, plus dot,
dot, dot, hata mimi nina kushoto na moja tu.

625
00:29:49,970 --> 00:29:53,146
Hivyo sasa kompyuta mwanasayansi ingekuwa
kuuliza, vizuri, ni nini kwamba wote ni sawa?

626
00:29:53,146 --> 00:29:55,770
Ni kweli ni sawa na baadhi ya saruji
idadi hiyo tunaweza hakika

627
00:29:55,770 --> 00:30:00,490
kufanya hesabu, lakini tunataka kuzungumza
kuhusu ufanisi wa algorithms

628
00:30:00,490 --> 00:30:04,940
kidogo formulaically zaidi,
huru ya muda gani orodha ni.

629
00:30:04,940 --> 00:30:06,240
>> Na hivyo unajua nini?

630
00:30:06,240 --> 00:30:09,860
Hii ni 16, lakini kama nilivyosema hapo kabla,
hebu tu kuiita ukubwa wa tatizo

631
00:30:09,860 --> 00:30:10,970
n, ambapo n ni idadi fulani.

632
00:30:10,970 --> 00:30:13,220
Labda ni 16, labda ni
tatu, labda ni milioni.

633
00:30:13,220 --> 00:30:13,761
Sijui.

634
00:30:13,761 --> 00:30:14,390
Sijali.

635
00:30:14,390 --> 00:30:16,520
Nini kweli mimi nataka ni
formula kwamba naweza

636
00:30:16,520 --> 00:30:19,420
kutumia kulinganisha algorithm hii
dhidi ya algorithms mengine

637
00:30:19,420 --> 00:30:22,350
kwamba mtu anaweza kudai
ni bora au mbaya.

638
00:30:22,350 --> 00:30:25,430
>> Hivyo ni zamu nje, na mimi tu
najua hili kutoka shule ya daraja,

639
00:30:25,430 --> 00:30:34,790
kwamba hii kweli kazi nje kwa moja
Jambo kama n juu ya n pamoja na moja juu ya mbili.

640
00:30:34,790 --> 00:30:40,020
Na hii hufanyika kwa sawa, ya
Bila shaka, n squared pamoja n zaidi ya miaka miwili.

641
00:30:40,020 --> 00:30:43,250
Hivyo kama nilitaka formula
kwa hatua jinsi wengi

642
00:30:43,250 --> 00:30:46,330
walihusika katika kuangalia wakati wote
ya idadi ya wale tena na tena

643
00:30:46,330 --> 00:30:52,681
na tena na tena, napenda kusema
ni n squared pamoja n zaidi ya miaka miwili.

644
00:30:52,681 --> 00:30:53,430
Lakini unajua nini?

645
00:30:53,430 --> 00:30:54,500
Hii tu inaonekana messy.

646
00:30:54,500 --> 00:30:56,470
I just kweli unataka
ujumla hali ya mambo.

647
00:30:56,470 --> 00:30:58,810
Na unaweza kukumbuka kutoka
shule ya sekondari kwamba kuna

648
00:30:58,810 --> 00:31:00,660
ni dhana ya hali ya juu mrefu.

649
00:31:00,660 --> 00:31:05,300
Ni yupi kati ya sheria hizi, n
mraba, n, au nusu,

650
00:31:05,300 --> 00:31:07,550
ina athari zaidi baada ya muda?

651
00:31:07,550 --> 00:31:11,920
n kubwa anapata, ambayo
wa mambo haya zaidi?

652
00:31:11,920 --> 00:31:15,560
>> Kwa maneno mengine, kama mimi kuziba
katika milioni, n squared

653
00:31:15,560 --> 00:31:17,900
ni kwenda kuwa na uwezo mkubwa
dominating sababu,

654
00:31:17,900 --> 00:31:21,670
kwa sababu mara milioni
yenyewe ni mengi kubwa

655
00:31:21,670 --> 00:31:23,682
kuliko plus milioni moja ya ziada.

656
00:31:23,682 --> 00:31:24,390
Hivyo unajua nini?

657
00:31:24,390 --> 00:31:27,305
Hii ni kama darn kubwa
idadi kama wewe mraba idadi.

658
00:31:27,305 --> 00:31:28,430
Hii haina kweli jambo.

659
00:31:28,430 --> 00:31:30,596
Sisi ni kwenda tu msalaba kwamba
nje na kusahau kuhusu hilo.

660
00:31:30,596 --> 00:31:34,250
Na hivyo kompyuta mwanasayansi kusema
kwamba ufanisi wa algorithm hii

661
00:31:34,250 --> 00:31:37,850
ni juu ya utaratibu wa n squared--
I mean kweli makadirio.

662
00:31:37,850 --> 00:31:40,810
Ni aina ya takribani n squared.

663
00:31:40,810 --> 00:31:44,130
Baada ya muda, kubwa
na kubwa zaidi n anapata, hii

664
00:31:44,130 --> 00:31:47,610
ni kukadiria nzuri kwa nini
ufanisi au ukosefu wa ufanisi

665
00:31:47,610 --> 00:31:49,400
ya algorithm hii kwa kweli ni.

666
00:31:49,400 --> 00:31:52,040
Na mimi hupata kwamba, bila shaka,
kutoka kweli kufanya math.

667
00:31:52,040 --> 00:31:54,040
Lakini sasa mimi nina akipunga tu
mikono yangu, kwa sababu mimi tu

668
00:31:54,040 --> 00:31:55,790
wanataka maana ya jumla ya algorithm hii.

669
00:31:55,790 --> 00:31:58,850
>> Hivyo kwa kutumia mantiki hiyo, wakati huo huo,
hebu fikiria algorithm mwingine

670
00:31:58,850 --> 00:32:01,162
sisi tayari inaonekana at-- search linear.

671
00:32:01,162 --> 00:32:02,870
Nilipokuwa kutafuta
kwa book-- simu

672
00:32:02,870 --> 00:32:05,980
si kuchagua ni, kutafuta
kupitia book-- simu

673
00:32:05,980 --> 00:32:09,197
sisi naendelea kusema kuwa ilikuwa ni
hatua 1,000, au hatua 500.

674
00:32:09,197 --> 00:32:10,280
Lakini hebu kujumlisha hiyo.

675
00:32:10,280 --> 00:32:12,860
Kama kuna kurasa n katika
kitabu cha simu, nini

676
00:32:12,860 --> 00:32:17,250
wakati mbio au
ufanisi wa tafuta linear?

677
00:32:17,250 --> 00:32:19,750
Ni juu ya utaratibu wa
jinsi hatua nyingi ili kupata

678
00:32:19,750 --> 00:32:24,210
Mike Smith kutumia search linear,
algorithm kwanza, au hata ya pili?

679
00:32:24,210 --> 00:32:27,240

680
00:32:27,240 --> 00:32:31,710
>> Katika hali mbaya zaidi, Mike
ni mwishoni mwa kitabu.

681
00:32:31,710 --> 00:32:35,590
Hivyo kama kitabu cha simu ina kurasa 1,000,
tulivyosema mara ya mwisho, katika kesi mbaya,

682
00:32:35,590 --> 00:32:38,380
inaweza kuchukua takribani kiasi
kurasa nyingi kupata Mike?

683
00:32:38,380 --> 00:32:38,990
Kama 1,000.

684
00:32:38,990 --> 00:32:39,830
Ni amefungwa juu.

685
00:32:39,830 --> 00:32:41,790
Ni hali mbaya iwezekanavyo.

686
00:32:41,790 --> 00:32:44,410
Lakini tena, sisi ni kusonga mbali
kutoka idadi kama 1,000 sasa.

687
00:32:44,410 --> 00:32:45,730
Ni tu n.

688
00:32:45,730 --> 00:32:47,470
>> Basi nini mantiki hitimisho?

689
00:32:47,470 --> 00:32:50,210
Kutafuta Mike katika simu
kitabu ambayo ina kurasa n

690
00:32:50,210 --> 00:32:55,280
inaweza kuchukua, katika kesi mbaya sana,
jinsi hatua juu ya utaratibu wa n wengi?

691
00:32:55,280 --> 00:32:58,110
Na hakika kompyuta
mwanasayansi kusema

692
00:32:58,110 --> 00:33:02,340
kwamba wakati mbio, au
utendaji au ufanisi

693
00:33:02,340 --> 00:33:07,470
au uzembe, wa algorithm kama
tafuta linear ni juu ya utaratibu wa n.

694
00:33:07,470 --> 00:33:10,010
Na tunaweza kuomba sawa
mantiki ya kuvuka kitu nje

695
00:33:10,010 --> 00:33:13,170
kama mimi tu alifanya kwa pili
algorithm tulikuwa na kitabu cha simu,

696
00:33:13,170 --> 00:33:16,040
ambapo tulikwenda kurasa mbili kwa wakati.

697
00:33:16,040 --> 00:33:20,120
>> Hivyo 1,000 ukurasa simu kitabu nguvu
kutupeleka 500 ukurasa zamu, pamoja na moja

698
00:33:20,120 --> 00:33:21,910
kama sisi mara mbili nyuma kidogo.

699
00:33:21,910 --> 00:33:26,590
Hivyo kama kitabu cha simu ina kurasa n, lakini
tuko kufanya kurasa mbili kwa wakati mmoja,

700
00:33:26,590 --> 00:33:28,900
hiyo ni takribani nini?

701
00:33:28,900 --> 00:33:33,190
N zaidi ya miaka miwili, hivyo hiyo ni kama n zaidi ya miaka miwili.

702
00:33:33,190 --> 00:33:38,490
Lakini mimi alifanya dai a
wakati iliyopita kwamba n juu ya two--

703
00:33:38,490 --> 00:33:41,060
hiyo ni aina ya sawa na n tu.

704
00:33:41,060 --> 00:33:44,050
Ni tu sababu mara kwa mara,
kompyuta wanasayansi kusema.

705
00:33:44,050 --> 00:33:45,970
Hebu tu kulenga katika
vigezo, really--

706
00:33:45,970 --> 00:33:47,780
vigezo kubwa katika equation.

707
00:33:47,780 --> 00:33:52,530
>> search hivyo linear, iwe amefanya moja
ukurasa wakati au kurasa mbili kwa wakati,

708
00:33:52,530 --> 00:33:54,810
ni aina ya kimsingi sawa.

709
00:33:54,810 --> 00:33:56,880
Bado ni juu ya utaratibu wa n.

710
00:33:56,880 --> 00:34:01,930
Lakini mimi alidai na picha yangu mapema
kwamba algorithm tatu ilikuwa si

711
00:34:01,930 --> 00:34:02,480
linear.

712
00:34:02,480 --> 00:34:03,605
Haikuwa mstari sawa.

713
00:34:03,605 --> 00:34:08,659
Ilikuwa ni kwamba line curved, na
kimahesabu formula kulikuwa na nini?

714
00:34:08,659 --> 00:34:11,812
Log ya n-- hivyo kuingia msingi mbili za n.

715
00:34:11,812 --> 00:34:14,520
Na hatuna kwenda katika mno
habari nyingi juu ya logarithms leo,

716
00:34:14,520 --> 00:34:17,394
lakini wengi wanasayansi wa kompyuta bila
hata kukuambia nini msingi ni.

717
00:34:17,394 --> 00:34:20,639
Kwa sababu ni wote tu
mambo mara kwa mara, hivyo kusema,

718
00:34:20,639 --> 00:34:22,659
tu kidogo numeric tofauti.

719
00:34:22,659 --> 00:34:31,179
Na hivyo hii itakuwa ni ya kawaida sana
njia kwa ajili ya kompyuta hasa rasmi

720
00:34:31,179 --> 00:34:33,949
wanasayansi katika bodi au
programmers katika bodi nyeupe

721
00:34:33,949 --> 00:34:36,889
kweli akisema ambayo
algorithm wangeweza kutumia

722
00:34:36,889 --> 00:34:39,500
au nini ufanisi
ya algorithm yao ni.

723
00:34:39,500 --> 00:34:42,960
>> Na hii ni si lazima kitu
wewe kujadili kwa kina yoyote kubwa,

724
00:34:42,960 --> 00:34:47,889
lakini programu nzuri ni mtu
ambaye ana imara, rasmi background.

725
00:34:47,889 --> 00:34:50,120
Yeye ni uwezo wa kuzungumza na
wewe katika aina hii ya njia

726
00:34:50,120 --> 00:34:53,350
na kwa kweli kufanya
hoja ya ubora kama

727
00:34:53,350 --> 00:34:56,870
kwa nini moja algorithm au
kipande kimoja cha programu

728
00:34:56,870 --> 00:35:00,165
ni bora kuliko katika baadhi ya njia ya mwingine.

729
00:35:00,165 --> 00:35:02,540
Kwa sababu wewe alivyoweza shaka
kukimbia tu mpango ya mtu mmoja

730
00:35:02,540 --> 00:35:04,980
na kuhesabu idadi ya sekunde
inachukua kutatua idadi ya baadhi,

731
00:35:04,980 --> 00:35:06,710
na unaweza kuendesha baadhi
mpango wa mtu mwingine

732
00:35:06,710 --> 00:35:08,418
na kuhesabu idadi
la sekunde inachukua.

733
00:35:08,418 --> 00:35:12,840
Lakini hii ni njia zaidi ya jumla kwamba
unaweza kutumia ili kuchambua algorithms,

734
00:35:12,840 --> 00:35:15,520
kama wewe, tu juu ya
karatasi au tu kwa maneno.

735
00:35:15,520 --> 00:35:18,430
Bila hata mbio, bila
hata kujaribu pembejeo sampuli,

736
00:35:18,430 --> 00:35:20,180
unaweza tu kujiuliza kwa njia hiyo.

737
00:35:20,180 --> 00:35:24,670
Na hivyo na kukodisha developer au kama
kuwa kwake aina ya wanasema na wewe

738
00:35:24,670 --> 00:35:28,460
kwa nini algorithm zao, siri yao
mchuzi kwa ajili ya kutafuta mabilioni

739
00:35:28,460 --> 00:35:30,580
ya kurasa za mtandao kwa ajili yako
Kampuni hiyo ni bora, hao

740
00:35:30,580 --> 00:35:33,302
ni aina ya hoja wao
lazima walau kuwa na uwezo wa kufanya.

741
00:35:33,302 --> 00:35:35,010
Au angalau hizi ni
aina ya mambo

742
00:35:35,010 --> 00:35:40,211
kwamba atakuja up katika majadiliano, kwenye
angalau katika majadiliano rasmi sana.

743
00:35:40,211 --> 00:35:40,710
Sawa.

744
00:35:40,710 --> 00:35:44,400
Hivyo Ben mapendekezo kitu
aitwaye uteuzi aina.

745
00:35:44,400 --> 00:35:48,200
Lakini mimi nina kwenda kupendekeza kwamba kuna
njia nyingine ya kufanya hivyo, pia.

746
00:35:48,200 --> 00:35:50,400
Nini mimi si kweli kama
kuhusu algorithm Ben

747
00:35:50,400 --> 00:35:54,400
ni kwamba yeye naendelea kutembea, au
baada me kutembea, na kurudi

748
00:35:54,400 --> 00:35:56,930
na kurudi na na kurudi.

749
00:35:56,930 --> 00:36:04,130
Nini kama badala ningekuwa na kufanya
kitu kama namba hizi hapa

750
00:36:04,130 --> 00:36:08,200
na ningekuwa na kushughulika tu na kila
idadi kwa upande kama mimi nina kupewa hilo?

751
00:36:08,200 --> 00:36:10,780
>> Kwa maneno mengine, hapa ni
orodha yangu ya namba.

752
00:36:10,780 --> 00:36:12,944
Nne, moja, tatu, mbili.

753
00:36:12,944 --> 00:36:14,360
Na mimi nina kwenda kufanya yafuatayo.

754
00:36:14,360 --> 00:36:17,230
Mimi nina kwenda kuingiza namba
ambapo wao ni badala

755
00:36:17,230 --> 00:36:18,980
kuliko kuchagua yao moja kwa wakati.

756
00:36:18,980 --> 00:36:20,820
Kwa maneno mengine, hapa ni namba nne.

757
00:36:20,820 --> 00:36:22,430
>> Hapa ni orodha yangu ya awali.

758
00:36:22,430 --> 00:36:25,290
Na mimi nina kwenda kudumisha
kimsingi orodha mpya hapa.

759
00:36:25,290 --> 00:36:26,710
Hivyo hii ni orodha ya zamani.

760
00:36:26,710 --> 00:36:28,560
Hii ni orodha mpya.

761
00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:30,220
Mimi naona namba nne ya kwanza.

762
00:36:30,220 --> 00:36:34,500
Orodha yangu mpya ni awali tupu,
hivyo ni trivially kesi

763
00:36:34,500 --> 00:36:36,410
kwamba nne sasa assorted orodha.

764
00:36:36,410 --> 00:36:39,560
Mimi tu kuchukua idadi mimi nina kutolewa,
na mimi nina kuweka katika orodha yangu mpya.

765
00:36:39,560 --> 00:36:41,460
>> Ni orodha hii mpya yamepangwa?

766
00:36:41,460 --> 00:36:41,990
Yeah.

767
00:36:41,990 --> 00:36:45,090
Ni kijinga kwa sababu kuna moja tu
kipengele, lakini ni kabisa yamepangwa.

768
00:36:45,090 --> 00:36:46,390
Kuna kitu nje ya mahali.

769
00:36:46,390 --> 00:36:49,290
Ni jambo la kushangaza zaidi, algorithm hii,
wakati mimi hoja na hatua inayofuata.

770
00:36:49,290 --> 00:36:50,550
>> Sasa nina moja.

771
00:36:50,550 --> 00:36:55,430
Hivyo moja, bila shaka, ni mali katika
mwanzo au mwisho wa orodha hii mpya?

772
00:36:55,430 --> 00:36:56,360
Mwanzo.

773
00:36:56,360 --> 00:36:58,530
Hivyo nina kufanya baadhi ya kazi sasa.

774
00:36:58,530 --> 00:37:01,410
Nimekuwa kuchukua baadhi
uhuru na marker yangu

775
00:37:01,410 --> 00:37:03,120
kwa kuchora tu mambo
ambapo nataka yao,

776
00:37:03,120 --> 00:37:05,320
lakini kwamba si kweli
sahihi katika kompyuta.

777
00:37:05,320 --> 00:37:08,530
kompyuta, kama sisi kujua, ina
RAM, au Random Access Memory,

778
00:37:08,530 --> 00:37:12,411
na hiyo ni byte moja na
mwingine Byte na Byte mwingine.

779
00:37:12,411 --> 00:37:14,910
Na kama una gigabyte ya
RAM, una ka bilioni,

780
00:37:14,910 --> 00:37:16,680
lakini wao ni kimwili katika eneo moja.

781
00:37:16,680 --> 00:37:19,540
Huwezi tu hoja mambo kuzunguka
kwa kuchora juu ya bodi

782
00:37:19,540 --> 00:37:20,750
popote unataka.

783
00:37:20,750 --> 00:37:24,090
Hivyo kama orodha yangu mpya ina
maeneo ya nne katika kumbukumbu,

784
00:37:24,090 --> 00:37:27,480
kwa bahati mbaya nne ni
tayari katika mahali sahihi.

785
00:37:27,480 --> 00:37:30,410
>> Hivyo kuingiza namba moja
Siwezi tu kuteka ni hapa.

786
00:37:30,410 --> 00:37:31,901
Hii eneo ya kumbukumbu haipo.

787
00:37:31,901 --> 00:37:35,150
Hiyo itakuwa cheating, na nimekuwa
kudanganya pictorially kwa dakika chache

788
00:37:35,150 --> 00:37:35,800
hapa.

789
00:37:35,800 --> 00:37:40,950
Hivyo kweli, kama nataka kuweka moja hapa,
Mimi kuwa na nakala kwa muda nne

790
00:37:40,950 --> 00:37:43,030
na kisha kuweka moja huko.

791
00:37:43,030 --> 00:37:45,500
>> Hiyo ni sawa, hiyo ni sahihi,
hiyo ni kitaalam inawezekana,

792
00:37:45,500 --> 00:37:48,410
lakini kutambua kwamba kazi ya ziada.

793
00:37:48,410 --> 00:37:50,460
Sikuwa tu ya kuweka idadi katika mahali.

794
00:37:50,460 --> 00:37:53,026
Mimi kwanza alikuwa na hoja
namba, kisha kuiweka katika nafasi,

795
00:37:53,026 --> 00:37:54,650
hivyo mimi aina ya mara mbili ya kiasi yangu ya kazi.

796
00:37:54,650 --> 00:37:55,660
Hivyo kuendelea kuwa katika akili.

797
00:37:55,660 --> 00:37:57,120
>> Lakini mimi nina sasa kufanyika na hii kipengele.

798
00:37:57,120 --> 00:37:59,056
Sasa nataka kunyakua namba tatu.

799
00:37:59,056 --> 00:38:00,430
Ambapo, bila shaka, je, ni mali?

800
00:38:00,430 --> 00:38:01,480
Katikati.

801
00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:03,650
Siwezi kudanganya tena
na tu kuiweka huko,

802
00:38:03,650 --> 00:38:06,770
kwa sababu, tena, hii kumbukumbu
ni katika maeneo ya kimwili.

803
00:38:06,770 --> 00:38:10,900
Hivyo nina nakala nne
na kuweka tatu zaidi ya hapa.

804
00:38:10,900 --> 00:38:11,550
Si mpango kubwa.

805
00:38:11,550 --> 00:38:14,610
Ni hatua moja tu ya ziada
again-- anahisi ghali sana.

806
00:38:14,610 --> 00:38:16,445
>> Lakini sasa mimi hoja juu ya mbili.

807
00:38:16,445 --> 00:38:17,820
mbili, bila shaka, ni mali hapa.

808
00:38:17,820 --> 00:38:20,990
Sasa kuanza kuona jinsi
kazi inaweza rundo up.

809
00:38:20,990 --> 00:38:23,520
Sasa nini mimi kufanya?

810
00:38:23,520 --> 00:38:28,570
Yeah, mimi na hoja nne,
Mimi kisha kuwa na nakala tatu,

811
00:38:28,570 --> 00:38:31,200
na sasa siwezi kuingiza mbili.

812
00:38:31,200 --> 00:38:34,460
Na kukamata na hii
algorithm, Inafurahisha kutosha,

813
00:38:34,460 --> 00:38:41,050
ni kudhani tuna zaidi uliokithiri
kesi ambapo ni hebu sema nane, saba,

814
00:38:41,050 --> 00:38:45,150
sita, tano, nne, tatu, mbili, moja.

815
00:38:45,150 --> 00:38:49,450
Hii ni, katika hali nyingi,
mbaya zaidi kesi,

816
00:38:49,450 --> 00:38:51,570
kwa sababu jambo darn
ni literally nyuma.

817
00:38:51,570 --> 00:38:53,670
>> Ni kweli haina
kuathiri algorithm Ben,

818
00:38:53,670 --> 00:38:55,940
kwa sababu katika uteuzi Ben
aina yeye kwenda kuweka

819
00:38:55,940 --> 00:38:58,359
kwenda na kurudi kupitia orodha.

820
00:38:58,359 --> 00:39:01,150
Na kwa sababu alikuwa daima kuangalia
kupitia orodha nzima iliyobaki,

821
00:39:01,150 --> 00:39:02,858
haijalishi
ambapo mambo ni.

822
00:39:02,858 --> 00:39:05,630
Lakini katika kesi hii kwa inserting yangu
approach-- hebu jaribu hii.

823
00:39:05,630 --> 00:39:08,616
>> Hivyo moja, mbili, tatu, nne,
tano, sita, saba, nane.

824
00:39:08,616 --> 00:39:11,630
Moja mbili tatu nne,
tano, sita, saba, nane.

825
00:39:11,630 --> 00:39:14,320
Mimi naenda kuchukua nane,
na wapi mimi kuweka yake?

826
00:39:14,320 --> 00:39:17,260
Naam, katika mwanzo wa orodha yangu,
kwa sababu orodha hii mpya ni Iliyopangwa.

827
00:39:17,260 --> 00:39:18,760
Na mimi kuvuka nje.

828
00:39:18,760 --> 00:39:20,551
>> Wapi mimi kuweka saba?

829
00:39:20,551 --> 00:39:21,050
Darn yake.

830
00:39:21,050 --> 00:39:23,174
Inahitaji kwenda huko, ili
Nina kufanya baadhi kuiga.

831
00:39:23,174 --> 00:39:26,820

832
00:39:26,820 --> 00:39:28,480
Na sasa saba huenda hapa.

833
00:39:28,480 --> 00:39:29,860
Sasa mimi hoja juu ya sita.

834
00:39:29,860 --> 00:39:30,980
Sasa ni kazi hata zaidi.

835
00:39:30,980 --> 00:39:32,570
>> Nane ana kwenda hapa.

836
00:39:32,570 --> 00:39:33,920
Saba ina kwenda hapa.

837
00:39:33,920 --> 00:39:35,450
Sasa sita wanaweza kwenda hapa.

838
00:39:35,450 --> 00:39:37,950
Sasa mimi kunyakua tano.

839
00:39:37,950 --> 00:39:40,560
Sasa nane ana kwenda
hapa, saba ina kwenda hapa,

840
00:39:40,560 --> 00:39:43,650
sita ina kwenda hapa, na
sasa tano na kurudia.

841
00:39:43,650 --> 00:39:46,610
Na mimi nina pretty much
kusonga ni mara kwa mara.

842
00:39:46,610 --> 00:39:52,950
>> Hivyo mwisho, algorithm hii tutaweza
kuiita kuingizwa sort-- kweli

843
00:39:52,950 --> 00:39:55,020
ina mengi ya kazi, pia.

844
00:39:55,020 --> 00:39:56,970
Ni tu tofauti
aina ya kazi ya Ben.

845
00:39:56,970 --> 00:40:00,090
kazi Ben alikuwa na mimi kwenda
na kurudi wakati wote,

846
00:40:00,090 --> 00:40:03,510
kuchagua ijayo ndogo
kipengele tena na tena.

847
00:40:03,510 --> 00:40:06,660
Hivyo ilikuwa hii aina ya Visual sana ya kazi.

848
00:40:06,660 --> 00:40:10,600
>> Hii algorithm nyingine, ambayo ni bado
correct-- itakuwa kupata kazi done--

849
00:40:10,600 --> 00:40:12,800
tu mabadiliko kiasi cha kazi.

850
00:40:12,800 --> 00:40:15,420
Inaonekana kama awali uko
kuokoa, kwa sababu wewe ni tu

851
00:40:15,420 --> 00:40:19,190
kushughulika na kila kipengele
hadi mbele bila kutembea zote

852
00:40:19,190 --> 00:40:20,930
njia ya kupitia orodha kama Ben alikuwa.

853
00:40:20,930 --> 00:40:25,300
Lakini tatizo ni, hasa katika hizi
kesi mambo ambapo ni wote nyuma,

854
00:40:25,300 --> 00:40:27,830
uko tu aina ya
kuahirisha kufanya kazi kwa bidii

855
00:40:27,830 --> 00:40:30,360
mpaka una kurekebisha makosa yako.

856
00:40:30,360 --> 00:40:33,919
>> Na hivyo kama unaweza kufikiria hii
nane na saba na sita na tano

857
00:40:33,919 --> 00:40:36,710
na baadaye nne na mitatu na mbili
kusonga njia yao kupitia orodha,

858
00:40:36,710 --> 00:40:39,060
tumekuwa iliyopita tu
aina ya kazi sisi ni kufanya.

859
00:40:39,060 --> 00:40:42,340
Badala ya kufanya hivyo kwa
mwanzo wa iteration yangu,

860
00:40:42,340 --> 00:40:45,250
Mimi tu kufanya hivyo kwa
Mwisho wa kila iteration.

861
00:40:45,250 --> 00:40:50,550
Hivyo zinageuka kuwa algorithm hii,
sana, kwa ujumla aitwaye kuingizwa aina,

862
00:40:50,550 --> 00:40:52,190
pia ni juu ya utaratibu wa n squared.

863
00:40:52,190 --> 00:40:56,480
Ni kweli hakuna bora,
hakuna bora wakati wote.

864
00:40:56,480 --> 00:41:00,810
>> Hata hivyo, kuna njia ya tatu
Napenda kuwatia moyo sisi kufikiria,

865
00:41:00,810 --> 00:41:02,970
ambayo ni hii.

866
00:41:02,970 --> 00:41:07,850
Hivyo tuseme orodha yangu, kwa unyenyekevu
tena, ni nne, moja, tatu,

867
00:41:07,850 --> 00:41:11,080
two-- namba nne tu.

868
00:41:11,080 --> 00:41:13,300
Ben alikuwa Intuition nzuri,
nzuri Intuition binadamu

869
00:41:13,300 --> 00:41:16,340
kabla, na ambayo sisi fasta nzima
orodha kuingizwa aina eventually--.

870
00:41:16,340 --> 00:41:18,020
Mimi shawishiwa yetu pamoja.

871
00:41:18,020 --> 00:41:22,530
Lakini hebu fikiria
njia rahisi ya kurekebisha orodha hii.

872
00:41:22,530 --> 00:41:24,110
>> Orodha hii ni si yamepangwa.

873
00:41:24,110 --> 00:41:26,130
Kwa nini?

874
00:41:26,130 --> 00:41:31,920
Kwa Kiingereza, kueleza kwa nini
siyo kweli yamepangwa.

875
00:41:31,920 --> 00:41:33,400
Ina maana gani si kutatuliwa?

876
00:41:33,400 --> 00:41:34,220
>> STUDENT: Ni si utaratibu wa kudumu.

877
00:41:34,220 --> 00:41:34,990
>> DAVID Malan: Si utaratibu wa kudumu.

878
00:41:34,990 --> 00:41:35,822
Nipe mfano.

879
00:41:35,822 --> 00:41:37,180
>> STUDENT: Kuziweka katika utaratibu.

880
00:41:37,180 --> 00:41:37,440
>> DAVID Malan: Sawa.

881
00:41:37,440 --> 00:41:38,790
Nipe mfano maalum zaidi.

882
00:41:38,790 --> 00:41:39,832
>> STUDENT: Wakipanda ili.

883
00:41:39,832 --> 00:41:41,206
DAVID Malan: Si wakipanda ili.

884
00:41:41,206 --> 00:41:42,100
Kuwa sahihi zaidi.

885
00:41:42,100 --> 00:41:45,190
Sijui nini maana ya kupaa.

886
00:41:45,190 --> 00:41:47,150
Nini tatizo?

887
00:41:47,150 --> 00:41:49,930
>> STUDENT: ndogo ya
idadi si katika nafasi ya kwanza.

888
00:41:49,930 --> 00:41:51,140
>> DAVID Malan: Ndogo idadi ya
si katika nafasi ya kwanza.

889
00:41:51,140 --> 00:41:52,120
Kuwa maalumu zaidi.

890
00:41:52,120 --> 00:41:55,000
Mimi nina kuanza kukamata.

891
00:41:55,000 --> 00:41:59,470
Tuko kuhesabu, lakini
nini nje ya utaratibu hapa?

892
00:41:59,470 --> 00:42:00,707
>> STUDENT: namba mlolongo.

893
00:42:00,707 --> 00:42:02,040
DAVID Malan: namba mlolongo.

894
00:42:02,040 --> 00:42:04,248
aina ya kila mtu wa utunzaji
ni here-- kiwango cha juu sana.

895
00:42:04,248 --> 00:42:07,450
Tu literally kuniambia nini
vibaya kama nguvu-umri wa miaka mitano.

896
00:42:07,450 --> 00:42:08,310
>> STUDENT: Plus moja.

897
00:42:08,310 --> 00:42:08,750
>> DAVID Malan: Nini hiyo?

898
00:42:08,750 --> 00:42:09,610
>> STUDENT: Plus moja.

899
00:42:09,610 --> 00:42:11,235
>> DAVID Malan: Ni nini maana pamoja na moja?

900
00:42:11,235 --> 00:42:12,754

901
00:42:12,754 --> 00:42:14,170
Nipe tofauti-umri wa miaka mitano.

902
00:42:14,170 --> 00:42:16,840

903
00:42:16,840 --> 00:42:18,330
Nini mbaya, mama?

904
00:42:18,330 --> 00:42:19,940
Nini mbaya, baba?

905
00:42:19,940 --> 00:42:22,808
Ni nini maana hii si yamepangwa?

906
00:42:22,808 --> 00:42:24,370
>> STUDENT: Ni si mahali pa haki.

907
00:42:24,370 --> 00:42:25,580
>> DAVID Malan: Nini
si katika mahali sahihi?

908
00:42:25,580 --> 00:42:26,174
>> STUDENT: Nne.

909
00:42:26,174 --> 00:42:27,090
DAVID Malan: Sawa, nzuri.

910
00:42:27,090 --> 00:42:29,110
Hivyo nne si ambapo ni lazima.

911
00:42:29,110 --> 00:42:30,590
Hasa, ni haki hii?

912
00:42:30,590 --> 00:42:33,000
Nne na moja, kwanza
namba mbili naona.

913
00:42:33,000 --> 00:42:34,930
Je, hii ni haki?

914
00:42:34,930 --> 00:42:36,427
Hakuna, wao uko nje ya utaratibu, sawa?

915
00:42:36,427 --> 00:42:38,135
Kwa kweli, nadhani sasa
kuhusu kompyuta, pia.

916
00:42:38,135 --> 00:42:40,824
Ni inaweza tu kuangalia labda moja,
labda mambo mawili kwa wakati once--

917
00:42:40,824 --> 00:42:43,240
na kwa kweli jambo moja tu
wakati huo, lakini inaweza angalau

918
00:42:43,240 --> 00:42:45,790
kuangalia jambo moja kisha
Jambo la pili kulia karibu na hiyo.

919
00:42:45,790 --> 00:42:47,380
>> Hivyo ni haya ili?

920
00:42:47,380 --> 00:42:48,032
Bila shaka hapana.

921
00:42:48,032 --> 00:42:48,740
Hivyo unajua nini?

922
00:42:48,740 --> 00:42:51,020
Mbona sisi kuchukua mtoto
hatua fixing tatizo hili

923
00:42:51,020 --> 00:42:53,410
badala ya kufanya hizi dhana
algorithms kama Ben, ambapo

924
00:42:53,410 --> 00:42:56,440
yeye aina ya fixing na
looping kupitia orodha

925
00:42:56,440 --> 00:42:59,670
badala ya kufanya nini mimi, ambapo
Mimi tu aina ya fasta hivyo kama sisi kwenda?

926
00:42:59,670 --> 00:43:03,650
Hebu tu literally kuvunja
dhana ya order-- ili masuala mbalimbali,

927
00:43:03,650 --> 00:43:06,990
kuiita chochote want--
katika kulinganisha hizi pairwise.

928
00:43:06,990 --> 00:43:07,590
>> Nne na moja.

929
00:43:07,590 --> 00:43:09,970
Je, hii ni mpangilio sahihi?

930
00:43:09,970 --> 00:43:11,310
Basi hebu kurekebisha hiyo.

931
00:43:11,310 --> 00:43:14,700
Mmoja na nne, na kisha
tutaweza tu nakala hiyo.

932
00:43:14,700 --> 00:43:15,560
Yote ya haki, nzuri.

933
00:43:15,560 --> 00:43:17,022
Mimi fasta mmoja na nne.

934
00:43:17,022 --> 00:43:18,320
Tatu na mbili?

935
00:43:18,320 --> 00:43:18,820
Hakuna

936
00:43:18,820 --> 00:43:21,690
Hebu maneno yangu mechi vidole yangu.

937
00:43:21,690 --> 00:43:23,695
Nne na mitatu?

938
00:43:23,695 --> 00:43:27,930
>> Siyo ili, hivyo mimi nina kwenda
kufanya moja, tatu, nne, mbili.

939
00:43:27,930 --> 00:43:28,680
OK, vizuri.

940
00:43:28,680 --> 00:43:32,310
Sasa nne na mbili?

941
00:43:32,310 --> 00:43:33,370
Tunahitaji kurekebisha hili, pia.

942
00:43:33,370 --> 00:43:36,700
Hivyo moja, tatu, mbili, nne.

943
00:43:36,700 --> 00:43:39,820
Hivyo ni sorted?

944
00:43:39,820 --> 00:43:43,170
Hapana, lakini ni karibu na yamepangwa?

945
00:43:43,170 --> 00:43:48,930
>> Ni, kwa sababu sisi fasta hii
makosa, sisi fasta kosa hili,

946
00:43:48,930 --> 00:43:50,370
na sisi fasta kosa hilo.

947
00:43:50,370 --> 00:43:52,420
Hivyo sisi fasta makosa matatu arguably.

948
00:43:52,420 --> 00:43:58,100
Bado haina kweli kuangalia sorted, lakini
ni objectively karibu na sorted

949
00:43:58,100 --> 00:44:00,080
kwa sababu sisi fasta baadhi ya makosa hayo.

950
00:44:00,080 --> 00:44:02,047
>> Sasa nini mimi kufanya ijayo?

951
00:44:02,047 --> 00:44:03,630
Mimi aina ya kufikiwa mwisho wa orodha.

952
00:44:03,630 --> 00:44:05,680
Mimi yalionekana kuwa fasta
makosa yote, lakini hakuna.

953
00:44:05,680 --> 00:44:08,510
Kwa sababu katika kesi hii, idadi ya baadhi ya
anaweza kuwa bubbled juu karibu

954
00:44:08,510 --> 00:44:10,410
kwa idadi nyingine kwamba
bado ni nje ya utaratibu.

955
00:44:10,410 --> 00:44:12,951
Basi hebu kufanya hivyo tena, na mimi itabidi
tu kufanya hivyo katika mahali wakati huu.

956
00:44:12,951 --> 00:44:14,170
Moja na tatu?

957
00:44:14,170 --> 00:44:14,720
Ni faini.

958
00:44:14,720 --> 00:44:16,070
Tatu na mbili?

959
00:44:16,070 --> 00:44:17,560
Bila shaka hakuna, hivyo hebu mabadiliko hayo.

960
00:44:17,560 --> 00:44:19,160
Hivyo mbili, tatu.

961
00:44:19,160 --> 00:44:21,340
Tatu na nne?

962
00:44:21,340 --> 00:44:24,370
Na sasa hebu tu kuwa
hasa pedantic hapa.

963
00:44:24,370 --> 00:44:26,350
Je, ni yamepangwa?

964
00:44:26,350 --> 00:44:29,280
You binadamu kujua ni sorted.

965
00:44:29,280 --> 00:44:30,400
>> Nitajaribu tena.

966
00:44:30,400 --> 00:44:31,900
Hivyo Olivia ni kupendekeza mimi kujaribu tena.

967
00:44:31,900 --> 00:44:32,530
Kwa nini?

968
00:44:32,530 --> 00:44:35,810
Kwa sababu kompyuta haina
anasa ya macho yetu binadamu

969
00:44:35,810 --> 00:44:38,080
ya tu glancing back-- OK, mimi nina kufanyika.

970
00:44:38,080 --> 00:44:41,610
Jinsi gani kompyuta kuamua
kwamba orodha ni sasa yamepangwa?

971
00:44:41,610 --> 00:44:44,590
Mechanically.

972
00:44:44,590 --> 00:44:47,650
>> Mimi lazima kwenda kwa njia ya
mara moja zaidi, na tu kama mimi

973
00:44:47,650 --> 00:44:51,190
hatuwezi kufanya / kupata makosa yoyote naweza
kisha kuhitimisha kama kompyuta, yep,

974
00:44:51,190 --> 00:44:51,980
sisi ni vizuri kwenda.

975
00:44:51,980 --> 00:44:54,850
Hivyo moja na mbili, mbili na
tatu, tatu na nne.

976
00:44:54,850 --> 00:44:58,030
Sasa naweza kipekee kusema hii ni
yamepangwa, kwa sababu mimi alifanya hakuna mabadiliko.

977
00:44:58,030 --> 00:45:01,940
Sasa itakuwa ni mdudu na tu
wajinga kama mimi, kompyuta,

978
00:45:01,940 --> 00:45:05,640
kuulizwa maswali hizo hizo tena
wanatarajia majibu tofauti.

979
00:45:05,640 --> 00:45:07,110
Haikupaswa kutokea.

980
00:45:07,110 --> 00:45:08,600
>> Na hivyo sasa orodha ni Iliyopangwa.

981
00:45:08,600 --> 00:45:12,630
Kwa bahati mbaya, mbio wakati wa
algorithm hii pia ni n squared.

982
00:45:12,630 --> 00:45:13,130
Kwa nini?

983
00:45:13,130 --> 00:45:19,520
Kwa sababu una idadi n, na katika
kesi mbaya una hoja idadi n

984
00:45:19,520 --> 00:45:23,637
n mara kwa sababu una kuendelea
nyuma ya kuangalia na uwezekano wa kurekebisha

985
00:45:23,637 --> 00:45:24,220
namba hizi.

986
00:45:24,220 --> 00:45:26,280
Na tunaweza kufanya zaidi
uchambuzi rasmi, pia.

987
00:45:26,280 --> 00:45:29,530
>> Hivyo hii yote ni kusema tumekuwa kuchukuliwa
tatu mbinu mbalimbali, moja

988
00:45:29,530 --> 00:45:32,210
wao mara moja Intuitive
mbali bat kutoka Ben

989
00:45:32,210 --> 00:45:35,170
kwa insertion yangu alipendekeza
aina ya hii moja

990
00:45:35,170 --> 00:45:38,540
ambapo aina ya kupoteza mbele ya
msitu kwa ajili ya miti awali.

991
00:45:38,540 --> 00:45:41,760
Lakini basi kama wewe kuchukua hatua nyuma,
voila, tumekuwa fasta dhana kuchagua.

992
00:45:41,760 --> 00:45:43,824
Hivyo hii ni, kuthubutu kusema,
ngazi ya chini labda

993
00:45:43,824 --> 00:45:45,740
kuliko baadhi ya wale wengine
algorithms, lakini hebu

994
00:45:45,740 --> 00:45:48,550
kuona kama hatuwezi taswira
hizi kwa njia ya hii.

995
00:45:48,550 --> 00:45:51,450
>> Hivyo hii ni baadhi nzuri
programu kwamba mtu

996
00:45:51,450 --> 00:45:56,110
aliandika kwa kutumia baa rangi hiyo ni
kwenda kufanya yafuatayo kwa ajili yetu.

997
00:45:56,110 --> 00:45:57,736
Kila moja ya baa haya inawakilisha idadi.

998
00:45:57,736 --> 00:46:00,026
Taller bar, kubwa
idadi, ndogo bar,

999
00:46:00,026 --> 00:46:00,990
idadi ndogo.

1000
00:46:00,990 --> 00:46:05,880
Hivyo walau tunataka piramidi nzuri
ambapo ni kuanza ndogo na anapata kubwa,

1001
00:46:05,880 --> 00:46:08,330
na kwamba itakuwa na maana kwamba
baa haya ni yamepangwa.

1002
00:46:08,330 --> 00:46:11,200
Hivyo mimi nina kwenda mbele na kuchagua,
Kwa mfano, algorithm Ben

1003
00:46:11,200 --> 00:46:13,990
first-- uteuzi aina.

1004
00:46:13,990 --> 00:46:16,220
>> Na taarifa ya nini ni kufanya.

1005
00:46:16,220 --> 00:46:18,670
njia wameweza waliochaguliwa
taswira algorithm hii

1006
00:46:18,670 --> 00:46:22,090
ni kwamba, kama mimi nilikuwa
kutembea kwa njia ya orodha yangu,

1007
00:46:22,090 --> 00:46:24,710
mpango huu ni kutembea
kupitia orodha yake ya namba,

1008
00:46:24,710 --> 00:46:28,160
kuonyesha katika nyekundu kila
idadi hiyo ni kuangalia.

1009
00:46:28,160 --> 00:46:32,360
Na nini kuhusu kutokea hivi sasa?

1010
00:46:32,360 --> 00:46:35,154
>> idadi ndogo kwamba
Mimi au Ben kupatikana ghafla

1011
00:46:35,154 --> 00:46:36,820
anapata wakiongozwa na mwanzo wa orodha.

1012
00:46:36,820 --> 00:46:40,037
Na ilani walivyofanya kumfukuza
idadi hiyo ilikuwa pale,

1013
00:46:40,037 --> 00:46:41,120
na hiyo ni kikamilifu faini.

1014
00:46:41,120 --> 00:46:42,600
Sikuweza kupata ndani ya kwamba kiwango cha zaidi.

1015
00:46:42,600 --> 00:46:44,308
Lakini tunahitaji kuweka
idadi hiyo mahali fulani,

1016
00:46:44,308 --> 00:46:47,775
hivyo sisi tu kuhamia kwa
wazi doa ambayo iliundwa.

1017
00:46:47,775 --> 00:46:49,900
Hivyo nina kwenda kuongeza kasi hii
up, kwa sababu vinginevyo

1018
00:46:49,900 --> 00:46:51,871
inakuwa tedious sana haraka.

1019
00:46:51,871 --> 00:46:55,800

1020
00:46:55,800 --> 00:46:58,600
Uhuishaji speed-- kuna sisi kwenda.

1021
00:46:58,600 --> 00:47:01,850
kanuni hiyo sasa huo
Mimi nilikuwa kutumia, lakini

1022
00:47:01,850 --> 00:47:06,540
Unaweza kuanza kujisikia algorithm, kama wewe
mapenzi, au kuona wazi zaidi kidogo.

1023
00:47:06,540 --> 00:47:13,190
Na algorithm hii ina athari ya
kuchagua ijayo ndogo kipengele,

1024
00:47:13,190 --> 00:47:16,422
hivyo wewe ni kwenda kuanza
kuiona njia panda juu upande wa kushoto.

1025
00:47:16,422 --> 00:47:19,130
Na juu ya kila iteration, kama mimi
mapendekezo, ni gani kidogo kidogo ya kazi.

1026
00:47:19,130 --> 00:47:21,921
Haina kwenda njia yote
nyuma na mwisho kushoto wa orodha,

1027
00:47:21,921 --> 00:47:23,900
kwa sababu tayari
anawajua hao ni yamepangwa.

1028
00:47:23,900 --> 00:47:28,129
Hivyo ni aina ya anahisi kama ni
kuongeza kasi ya, ingawa kila hatua ni

1029
00:47:28,129 --> 00:47:29,420
kuchukua kiasi hicho cha wakati.

1030
00:47:29,420 --> 00:47:31,600
Kuna wachache tu hatua iliyobaki.

1031
00:47:31,600 --> 00:47:35,240
Na sasa unaweza aina ya kujisikia
algorithm kusafisha mwisho wake,

1032
00:47:35,240 --> 00:47:37,040
na kwa kweli sasa ni sorted.

1033
00:47:37,040 --> 00:47:41,620
>> Hivyo kuingizwa aina ni yote kufanyika.

1034
00:47:41,620 --> 00:47:43,600
Mimi haja ya re-randomize safu.

1035
00:47:43,600 --> 00:47:45,940
Na taarifa naweza tu
kuweka randomizing yake,

1036
00:47:45,940 --> 00:47:50,630
na tutaweza kupata makadirio ya
mbinu hiyo hiyo, kuingizwa aina.

1037
00:47:50,630 --> 00:47:55,050
Napenda kupunguza ni chini ya hapa.

1038
00:47:55,050 --> 00:47:56,915
Hebu kuanza kuwa juu.

1039
00:47:56,915 --> 00:47:57,414
Kukomesha.

1040
00:47:57,414 --> 00:48:00,662

1041
00:48:00,662 --> 00:48:02,410
>> Hebu turukie nne.

1042
00:48:02,410 --> 00:48:03,200
Kuna sisi kwenda.

1043
00:48:03,200 --> 00:48:04,190
Randomize safu wao.

1044
00:48:04,190 --> 00:48:05,555
Na hapa sisi go-- kuingizwa aina.

1045
00:48:05,555 --> 00:48:10,260

1046
00:48:10,260 --> 00:48:12,800
Kucheza.

1047
00:48:12,800 --> 00:48:17,280
Taarifa kwamba ni kushughulika na kila
kipengele atakutana haki mbali,

1048
00:48:17,280 --> 00:48:20,282
lakini kama ni mali katika
vibaya ilani mahali

1049
00:48:20,282 --> 00:48:21,740
yote ya kazi ambayo ina kutokea.

1050
00:48:21,740 --> 00:48:24,700
Tuna kuweka shifting zaidi
na mambo zaidi ya kufanya chumba

1051
00:48:24,700 --> 00:48:27,340
kwa moja tunataka kuweka.

1052
00:48:27,340 --> 00:48:30,740
>> Hivyo sisi ni kulenga
mwisho wa kushoto wa orodha tu.

1053
00:48:30,740 --> 00:48:34,460
Ilani sisi si hata inaonekana at-- sisi
si yalionyesha katika nyekundu chochote

1054
00:48:34,460 --> 00:48:35,610
na haki.

1055
00:48:35,610 --> 00:48:38,180
Sisi ni tu kushughulika na
matatizo kama sisi kwenda,

1056
00:48:38,180 --> 00:48:40,430
lakini sisi ni kujenga mengi ya
kazi kwa wenyewe bado.

1057
00:48:40,430 --> 00:48:44,410
Na hivyo kama sisi kasi hii up
sasa kwenda kukamilika,

1058
00:48:44,410 --> 00:48:46,210
ina kujisikia tofauti na hiyo kweli.

1059
00:48:46,210 --> 00:48:50,150
Ni kulenga tu juu ya mwisho wa kushoto lakini
kufanya kidogo kazi zaidi kama needed--

1060
00:48:50,150 --> 00:48:53,230
aina ya Ng'ombe mambo
juu, kurekebisha vitu,

1061
00:48:53,230 --> 00:48:58,350
lakini kushughulika hatimaye pamoja na
kila kipengele moja kwa wakati mmoja

1062
00:48:58,350 --> 00:49:07,740
mpaka sisi kupata the-- vizuri, sisi
wote tunajua jinsi hii ni kwenda mwisho,

1063
00:49:07,740 --> 00:49:09,700
hivyo ni aghali kidogo labda.

1064
00:49:09,700 --> 00:49:12,830
>> Lakini orodha katika end--
spoiler-- ni kwenda kutatuliwa.

1065
00:49:12,830 --> 00:49:15,300
Hivyo hebu tuangalie moja iliyopita moja.

1066
00:49:15,300 --> 00:49:16,840
Hatuwezi tu ruka sasa.

1067
00:49:16,840 --> 00:49:18,000
Tuko karibu na hapo.

1068
00:49:18,000 --> 00:49:19,980
Miwili na kwenda, moja kwenda.

1069
00:49:19,980 --> 00:49:22,680
Na voilà.

1070
00:49:22,680 --> 00:49:23,450
Excellent.

1071
00:49:23,450 --> 00:49:27,220
>> Hivyo sasa hebu kufanya moja ya mwisho moja,
re-randomizing na Bubble aina.

1072
00:49:27,220 --> 00:49:31,690
Na taarifa hapa, hasa kama mimi polepole
chini, hii haina kuweka swooping kupitia.

1073
00:49:31,690 --> 00:49:36,830
Lakini taarifa ni tu hufanya pairwise
comparisons-- aina ya ufumbuzi wa ndani.

1074
00:49:36,830 --> 00:49:39,050
Lakini kwa haraka kama sisi kupata
mwisho wa orodha katika pink,

1075
00:49:39,050 --> 00:49:40,690
nini kinaendelea na kutokea tena?

1076
00:49:40,690 --> 00:49:44,539

1077
00:49:44,539 --> 00:49:46,830
Yeah, ni kwenda kuwa na
kuanza juu, kwa sababu tu

1078
00:49:46,830 --> 00:49:49,870
fasta pairwise makosa.

1079
00:49:49,870 --> 00:49:53,120
Na kwamba wanaweza kuwa na umebaini wengine bado.

1080
00:49:53,120 --> 00:49:58,950
Na hivyo kama wewe kasi hii up, itabidi
kuona kwamba, kiasi kama jina ina maana,

1081
00:49:58,950 --> 00:50:01,870
ndogo elements-- au tuseme,
elements-- kubwa ni mapya

1082
00:50:01,870 --> 00:50:03,740
Bubble hadi juu, kama wewe.

1083
00:50:03,740 --> 00:50:07,380
Na mambo madogo ni
kuanzia Bubble chini upande wa kushoto.

1084
00:50:07,380 --> 00:50:10,780
Na hakika, hiyo ni aina ya
athari za kuona kama vizuri.

1085
00:50:10,780 --> 00:50:17,150
Na hivyo hii itakuwa kuishia kumaliza
katika njia sawa sana, pia.

1086
00:50:17,150 --> 00:50:19,160
>> Hatuna kukaa
juu ya hili fulani.

1087
00:50:19,160 --> 00:50:21,010
Hebu kufungua hii sasa, pia.

1088
00:50:21,010 --> 00:50:24,040
Kuna wengine wachache algorithms kuchagua
duniani, baadhi yake

1089
00:50:24,040 --> 00:50:25,580
ni alitekwa hapa.

1090
00:50:25,580 --> 00:50:29,960
Na hasa kwa wanafunzi ambao si
lazima Visual au hisabati,

1091
00:50:29,960 --> 00:50:31,930
kama tulivyofanya kabla, tunaweza
Pia kufanya hivyo audially

1092
00:50:31,930 --> 00:50:34,210
kama tujiunge sauti na hili.

1093
00:50:34,210 --> 00:50:36,990
Na kwa ajili ya kujifurahisha, hapa ni
chache algorithms mbalimbali,

1094
00:50:36,990 --> 00:50:40,950
na mmoja wao hasa uko
kwenda taarifa inaitwa "kuunganisha aina."

1095
00:50:40,950 --> 00:50:43,250
>> Ni kweli kimsingi
bora algorithm,

1096
00:50:43,250 --> 00:50:45,860
kiasi kwamba kuunganisha aina, moja ya
ndio uko juu ya kuona,

1097
00:50:45,860 --> 00:50:49,170
si utaratibu wa n squared.

1098
00:50:49,170 --> 00:50:57,280
Ni juu ya utaratibu wa n mara logi ya
n, ambayo ni kweli ndogo na hivyo

1099
00:50:57,280 --> 00:50:58,940
kasi zaidi kuliko wale wengine watatu.

1100
00:50:58,940 --> 00:51:00,670
Na kuna wanandoa wengine
ndio silly kwamba tutaweza kuona.

1101
00:51:00,670 --> 00:51:01,933
>> Hivyo hapa sisi kwenda pamoja na sauti fulani.

1102
00:51:01,933 --> 00:51:06,620

1103
00:51:06,620 --> 00:51:10,490
Hii ni kuingizwa aina, hivyo tena
ni tu kushughulika na mambo

1104
00:51:10,490 --> 00:51:13,420
kama wao kuja.

1105
00:51:13,420 --> 00:51:17,180
Hii ni Bubble aina, hivyo ni
kuzingatia yao jozi wakati huo.

1106
00:51:17,180 --> 00:51:22,030

1107
00:51:22,030 --> 00:51:24,490
Na tena, vipengele kubwa
ni bubbling hadi juu.

1108
00:51:24,490 --> 00:51:38,098

1109
00:51:38,098 --> 00:51:41,710
>> Next up uteuzi aina.

1110
00:51:41,710 --> 00:51:45,420
Hii ni algorithm Ben, ambapo
tena yeye kuchagua iteratively

1111
00:51:45,420 --> 00:51:46,843
kipengele ijayo ndogo.

1112
00:51:46,843 --> 00:51:49,801

1113
00:51:49,801 --> 00:51:53,900
Na tena, sasa unaweza kweli kusikia kwamba
ni kuongeza kasi ya lakini tu katika hivyo mbali

1114
00:51:53,900 --> 00:51:58,230
kama ni kufanya kidogo na kidogo
kazi juu ya kila iteration.

1115
00:51:58,230 --> 00:52:04,170
Hii ni kwa kasi moja, kuunganisha aina,
ambayo ni kuchagua nguzo ya namba

1116
00:52:04,170 --> 00:52:05,971
pamoja na kisha kuchanganya yao.

1117
00:52:05,971 --> 00:52:07,720
Hivyo look-- kushoto
nusu tayari yamepangwa.

1118
00:52:07,720 --> 00:52:14,165
>> Sasa ni kuchagua nusu haki, na
sasa ni kwenda kwa kuchanganya yao katika moja.

1119
00:52:14,165 --> 00:52:19,160
Hii ni kitu kinachoitwa "Gnome aina."

1120
00:52:19,160 --> 00:52:23,460
Na unaweza aina ya kuona kwamba
ni kwenda na kurudi,

1121
00:52:23,460 --> 00:52:27,950
fixing kazi kidogo hapa na
huko mbele ni kuendelea kazi mpya.

1122
00:52:27,950 --> 00:52:32,900

1123
00:52:32,900 --> 00:52:33,692
Na hiyo ni yake.

1124
00:52:33,692 --> 00:52:36,400
Kuna aina nyingine, ambayo ni
kweli tu kwa madhumuni ya kielimu,

1125
00:52:36,400 --> 00:52:40,980
inayoitwa "kijinga aina," ambayo inachukua
data yako, aina yake nasibu,

1126
00:52:40,980 --> 00:52:43,350
na kisha hundi kama ni yamepangwa.

1127
00:52:43,350 --> 00:52:47,880
Na kama ni hivyo, ni re-kuipanga
nasibu, hundi kama ni sorted,

1128
00:52:47,880 --> 00:52:49,440
na kama si kurudia.

1129
00:52:49,440 --> 00:52:52,660
Na katika nadharia, probabilistically
hii itaendelea kukamilisha,

1130
00:52:52,660 --> 00:52:54,140
lakini baada ya kidogo kabisa ya muda.

1131
00:52:54,140 --> 00:52:56,930
Siyo wengi
ufanisi wa algorithms.

1132
00:52:56,930 --> 00:53:02,550
Hivyo maswali yoyote juu ya wale
algorithms fulani au kitu chochote

1133
00:53:02,550 --> 00:53:04,720
kuhusiana na huko, pia?

1134
00:53:04,720 --> 00:53:09,430
>> Naam, hebu sasa tease mbali nini zote
mistari haya ni kwamba nimekuwa kuchora

1135
00:53:09,430 --> 00:53:15,090
na kile Mimi nina kuchukua kompyuta
anaweza kufanya chini ya Hood.

1136
00:53:15,090 --> 00:53:18,650
Napenda kusema kwamba yote ya namba hizi
Mimi kushika drawing-- wanahitaji kupata

1137
00:53:18,650 --> 00:53:21,330
kuhifadhiwa mahali fulani katika kumbukumbu.

1138
00:53:21,330 --> 00:53:24,130
Tutaweza kujikwamua guy hii sasa, pia.

1139
00:53:24,130 --> 00:53:30,110
>> Hivyo kipande cha kumbukumbu katika
computer-- hivyo RAM DIMM ni

1140
00:53:30,110 --> 00:53:35,480
nini sisi searched kwa jana, dual
inline kumbukumbu module-- inaonekana kama hii.

1141
00:53:35,480 --> 00:53:39,370
Na kila moja ya haya chips nyeusi kidogo
ni baadhi ya idadi ya ka, kawaida.

1142
00:53:39,370 --> 00:53:44,380
Na kisha pini dhahabu ni kama
waya kwamba kuungana kwa kompyuta,

1143
00:53:44,380 --> 00:53:47,521
na kijani silicon bodi ni tu
nini anaendelea kila kitu wote kwa pamoja.

1144
00:53:47,521 --> 00:53:48,770
Basi nini hii kweli maana?

1145
00:53:48,770 --> 00:53:53,180
Kama mimi aina ya kuchora picha hiyo,
hebu tuseme kwa unyenyekevu

1146
00:53:53,180 --> 00:53:55,280
kwamba DIMM hii, dual
inline kumbukumbu moduli,

1147
00:53:55,280 --> 00:54:00,530
ni gigabyte moja ya RAM, moja gigabyte ya
kumbukumbu, ambayo ni wangapi ka jumla?

1148
00:54:00,530 --> 00:54:02,100
gigabyte moja ni ka ngapi?

1149
00:54:02,100 --> 00:54:04,860

1150
00:54:04,860 --> 00:54:06,030
Zaidi ya hapo.

1151
00:54:06,030 --> 00:54:09,960
1,124 ni kilo, 1000.

1152
00:54:09,960 --> 00:54:11,730
Mega ni milioni.

1153
00:54:11,730 --> 00:54:14,570
Giga ni bilioni.

1154
00:54:14,570 --> 00:54:15,070
>> Mimi uongo?

1155
00:54:15,070 --> 00:54:16,670
Je, tunaweza hata kusoma studio?

1156
00:54:16,670 --> 00:54:19,920
Hii ni kweli 128
gigabytes, hivyo ni zaidi.

1157
00:54:19,920 --> 00:54:22,130
Lakini tutaweza kujifanya huu
ni gigabyte moja tu.

1158
00:54:22,130 --> 00:54:25,640
Hivyo kwamba maana kuna bilioni
ka ya kumbukumbu inapatikana kwa mimi

1159
00:54:25,640 --> 00:54:29,770
au bilioni 8 bits, lakini tunakwenda
kuzungumza katika suala la ka sasa,

1160
00:54:29,770 --> 00:54:30,750
Songa mbele.

1161
00:54:30,750 --> 00:54:36,330
>> Hivyo nini maana ya ni hii ni
Byte moja, hii ni mwingine Byte,

1162
00:54:36,330 --> 00:54:38,680
hii ni mwingine Byte,
na kama sisi kweli alitaka

1163
00:54:38,680 --> 00:54:43,280
kuwa maalum tunataka kuwa na
kuteka bilioni mraba kidogo.

1164
00:54:43,280 --> 00:54:44,320
Lakini hiyo ina maana gani?

1165
00:54:44,320 --> 00:54:46,420
Naam, napenda tu kuvuta
katika juu ya picha hii.

1166
00:54:46,420 --> 00:54:50,900
Kama mimi nimepata kitu ambacho inaonekana
kama hii sasa, hiyo ni ka nne.

1167
00:54:50,900 --> 00:54:53,710
>> Na hivyo mimi naweza kuweka namba nne hapa.

1168
00:54:53,710 --> 00:54:54,990
Moja mbili tatu nne.

1169
00:54:54,990 --> 00:55:00,170
Au mimi naweza kuweka herufi nne au alama.

1170
00:55:00,170 --> 00:55:02,620
"Hey!" anaweza kwenda haki pale,
kwa sababu kila moja ya barua,

1171
00:55:02,620 --> 00:55:04,370
sisi kujadiliwa mapema,
inaweza kuwakilishwa

1172
00:55:04,370 --> 00:55:06,650
na bits nane au ASCII au Byte.

1173
00:55:06,650 --> 00:55:09,370
Hivyo kwa maneno mengine, unaweza
kuweka mambo bilioni 8 ndani ya

1174
00:55:09,370 --> 00:55:11,137
ya fimbo hii moja ya kumbukumbu.

1175
00:55:11,137 --> 00:55:14,345
Sasa ni nini maana kuweka mambo nyuma
kwa nyuma kwa nyuma katika kumbukumbu kama hii?

1176
00:55:14,345 --> 00:55:17,330
Hii ni nini programu
kuita "safu."

1177
00:55:17,330 --> 00:55:21,250
Katika programu ya kompyuta, wewe sidhani
kuhusu vifaa msingi, per se.

1178
00:55:21,250 --> 00:55:24,427
Wewe tu kufikiria mwenyewe kama kuwa
upatikanaji wa bilioni ka jumla,

1179
00:55:24,427 --> 00:55:26,010
na unaweza kitu chochote unataka na hayo.

1180
00:55:26,010 --> 00:55:27,880
Lakini kwa urahisi
ni kwa ujumla na manufaa

1181
00:55:27,880 --> 00:55:31,202
kuweka kumbukumbu wako wa kulia
karibu na kila mmoja kama hii.

1182
00:55:31,202 --> 00:55:33,660
Hivyo kama mimi kuvuta Haya
kwa sababu tuko hakika si kwenda

1183
00:55:33,660 --> 00:55:39,310
kuteka bilioni squares-- kidogo
hebu tuseme kwamba hii bodi inawakilisha

1184
00:55:39,310 --> 00:55:40,610
kwamba fimbo ya kumbukumbu sasa.

1185
00:55:40,610 --> 00:55:43,800
Na mimi itabidi kuteka wengi kama yangu
marker kuishia kunipa hapa.

1186
00:55:43,800 --> 00:55:46,420

1187
00:55:46,420 --> 00:55:52,300
Hivyo basi, tuna fimbo
ya kumbukumbu kwenye ubao

1188
00:55:52,300 --> 00:55:56,400
kwamba got moja, mbili, tatu, nne, tano,
sita, moja, mbili, tatu, nne, tano, sita,

1189
00:55:56,400 --> 00:56:01,130
seven-- hivyo 42 ka ya
kumbukumbu juu ya jumla screen.

1190
00:56:01,130 --> 00:56:01,630
Asante.

1191
00:56:01,630 --> 00:56:02,838
Ndiyo, alifanya hesabu wangu wa kulia.

1192
00:56:02,838 --> 00:56:05,120
Hivyo 42 ka ya kumbukumbu hapa.

1193
00:56:05,120 --> 00:56:06,660
Basi nini hii kwa kweli maana?

1194
00:56:06,660 --> 00:56:09,830
Naam, programu za kompyuta
ingekuwa kweli kwa ujumla

1195
00:56:09,830 --> 00:56:12,450
kufikiri ya kumbukumbu hii kama addressable.

1196
00:56:12,450 --> 00:56:16,630
Kwa maneno mengine, kila mmoja wa haya
maeneo katika kumbukumbu, katika vifaa,

1197
00:56:16,630 --> 00:56:18,030
ina anwani kipekee.

1198
00:56:18,030 --> 00:56:22,020
>> Siyo kama tata kama One Brattle
Square, Cambridge, Misa., 02138.

1199
00:56:22,020 --> 00:56:23,830
Badala yake, ni tu idadi.

1200
00:56:23,830 --> 00:56:27,930
Hii ni Byte idadi zero, hii ni
moja, hii ni mbili, hii ni tatu,

1201
00:56:27,930 --> 00:56:30,327
na hii ni 41.

1202
00:56:30,327 --> 00:56:30,910
Subiri kidogo.

1203
00:56:30,910 --> 00:56:32,510
Mimi nilifikiri alisema 42 wakati iliyopita.

1204
00:56:32,510 --> 00:56:35,050

1205
00:56:35,050 --> 00:56:37,772
Mimi kuanza kuhesabu saa sifuri,
hivyo hiyo ni kweli sahihi.

1206
00:56:37,772 --> 00:56:40,980
Sasa hatuna kwa kweli kuteka ni
kama gridi ya taifa, na kama wewe kuteka ni kama gridi ya taifa

1207
00:56:40,980 --> 00:56:43,520
Nadhani mambo kweli
kupata kidogo kupotosha.

1208
00:56:43,520 --> 00:56:46,650
Nini programu ingekuwa,
katika akili yake mwenyewe,

1209
00:56:46,650 --> 00:56:50,310
ujumla kufikiri ya hii
kumbukumbu kama ni kama mkanda,

1210
00:56:50,310 --> 00:56:53,340
kama kipande cha mkanda Masking
kwamba tu unaendelea na juu milele

1211
00:56:53,340 --> 00:56:54,980
au mpaka kukimbia nje ya kumbukumbu.

1212
00:56:54,980 --> 00:56:59,200
Hivyo njia zaidi ya kawaida kuteka
na tu kufikiri juu ya kumbukumbu

1213
00:56:59,200 --> 00:57:03,710
itakuwa kwamba hii ni Byte sifuri, moja,
mbili, tatu, na kisha dot, dot, dot.

1214
00:57:03,710 --> 00:57:07,650
Na una 42 kama ka jumla, hata
ingawa kimwili ni wazi kunaweza

1215
00:57:07,650 --> 00:57:09,480
kuwa ni kitu zaidi kama hii.

1216
00:57:09,480 --> 00:57:12,850
>> Hivyo kama wewe sasa kufikiria yako
kumbukumbu kama hii, tu kama mkanda,

1217
00:57:12,850 --> 00:57:17,640
hii ni nini programu tena
kuita safu ya kumbukumbu.

1218
00:57:17,640 --> 00:57:20,660
Na wakati unataka kweli kuhifadhi
kitu katika kumbukumbu ya kompyuta,

1219
00:57:20,660 --> 00:57:23,290
wewe kwa ujumla kufanya kuhifadhi mambo
nyuma-ya-nyuma kwa nyuma kwa nyuma.

1220
00:57:23,290 --> 00:57:25,010
Hivyo tumekuwa kuzungumza kuhusu namba.

1221
00:57:25,010 --> 00:57:30,880
Na wakati nilitaka kutatua matatizo
kama nne, moja, tatu, mbili,

1222
00:57:30,880 --> 00:57:33,820
ingawa nilikuwa tu kuchora
tu namba nne, moja, tatu,

1223
00:57:33,820 --> 00:57:39,490
mbili juu ya bodi, kompyuta ingekuwa
kweli kuwa kuanzisha hii katika kumbukumbu.

1224
00:57:39,490 --> 00:57:43,347
>> Na nini itakuwa karibu na
mbili katika kumbukumbu ya kompyuta?

1225
00:57:43,347 --> 00:57:44,680
Naam, hakuna jibu la kwamba.

1226
00:57:44,680 --> 00:57:45,770
Sisi si kweli kujua.

1227
00:57:45,770 --> 00:57:48,200
Na muda mrefu kama
kompyuta haina haja yake,

1228
00:57:48,200 --> 00:57:51,440
haina kuwa na huduma kile ni ijayo
kwa idadi ni gani huduma ya juu.

1229
00:57:51,440 --> 00:57:55,130
Na wakati nilivyosema awali kwamba kompyuta
unaweza tu kuangalia katika anuani moja kwa wakati mmoja,

1230
00:57:55,130 --> 00:57:56,170
hii ni aina ya nini.

1231
00:57:56,170 --> 00:57:59,490
>> Si tofauti na rekodi
mchezaji na kichwa kusoma

1232
00:57:59,490 --> 00:58:03,030
tu kuwa na uwezo wa kuangalia fulani
Groove katika rekodi ya kimwili umri wa kwenda shule

1233
00:58:03,030 --> 00:58:06,500
wakati huo, vile vile
Unaweza kompyuta shukrani

1234
00:58:06,500 --> 00:58:09,810
kwa CPU yake na wake
Intel maelekezo kuweka,

1235
00:58:09,810 --> 00:58:12,480
miongoni mwa ambao mafundisho
ni kusoma kutoka kumbukumbu

1236
00:58:12,480 --> 00:58:15,590
au kuokoa na memory--
kompyuta inaweza tu kuangalia

1237
00:58:15,590 --> 00:58:19,210
katika eneo moja kwa wakati time--
wakati mwingine macho yao,

1238
00:58:19,210 --> 00:58:21,770
lakini eneo moja kweli tu wakati huo.

1239
00:58:21,770 --> 00:58:24,770
Hivyo wakati sisi walikuwa kufanya
hizi algorithms mbalimbali,

1240
00:58:24,770 --> 00:58:28,110
Mimi si tu kuandika katika
vacuum-- nne, moja, tatu, mbili.

1241
00:58:28,110 --> 00:58:30,849
Wale idadi kweli ni mali
mahali fulani kimwili katika kumbukumbu.

1242
00:58:30,849 --> 00:58:32,890
Hivyo kuna kidogo kidogo
transistors au aina fulani

1243
00:58:32,890 --> 00:58:35,840
ya umeme chini
kofia kuhifadhi maadili haya.

1244
00:58:35,840 --> 00:58:40,460
>> Na katika jumla, bits ni wangapi
wanaohusika hivi sasa, tu kuwa wazi?

1245
00:58:40,460 --> 00:58:45,580
Hivyo hii ni ka nne, au
sasa ni 32 bits jumla.

1246
00:58:45,580 --> 00:58:49,280
Hivyo ni kweli kuna 32 zeros na
ndio kutunga mambo haya manne.

1247
00:58:49,280 --> 00:58:52,070
Kuna hata zaidi juu hapa, lakini
tena sisi hawajali kuhusu hilo.

1248
00:58:52,070 --> 00:58:55,120
>> Hivyo sasa hebu kuuliza mwingine
swali kwa kutumia kumbukumbu,

1249
00:58:55,120 --> 00:58:57,519
kwa sababu kwamba mwishoni
wa siku ni katika ugomvi.

1250
00:58:57,519 --> 00:59:00,310
Hakuna jambo gani tupate kufanya na
kompyuta, mwisho wa siku

1251
00:59:00,310 --> 00:59:02,560
vifaa ni bado
huo chini ya Hood.

1252
00:59:02,560 --> 00:59:04,670
Jinsi gani mimi kuhifadhi neno katika hapa?

1253
00:59:04,670 --> 00:59:09,710
Naam, neno katika kompyuta kama
"Hey!" itakuwa kuhifadhiwa tu kama hii.

1254
00:59:09,710 --> 00:59:12,300
Na kama alitaka tena
neno, unaweza tu

1255
00:59:12,300 --> 00:59:19,120
overwrite kwamba na kusema kitu
kama "hello" na kuhifadhi kwamba hapa.

1256
00:59:19,120 --> 00:59:23,930
>> Na hivyo hapa, pia, hii contiguousness
ni kweli faida,

1257
00:59:23,930 --> 00:59:26,530
kwa sababu kompyuta Unaweza tu
kusoma kutoka kulia kwenda kushoto.

1258
00:59:26,530 --> 00:59:28,680
Lakini hapa ni swali.

1259
00:59:28,680 --> 00:59:33,480
Katika mazingira ya neno hili,
h-e-l-l-o, mshangao uhakika,

1260
00:59:33,480 --> 00:59:38,740
jinsi gani kompyuta kujua ambapo
neno huanza na ambapo neno kuishia?

1261
00:59:38,740 --> 00:59:41,690

1262
00:59:41,690 --> 00:59:43,800
Katika mazingira ya namba,
jinsi gani kompyuta

1263
00:59:43,800 --> 00:59:48,396
kujua ni muda mlolongo wa jinsi
idadi ni au ambapo ni kuanza?

1264
00:59:48,396 --> 00:59:50,270
Naam, ni zamu nje
na sisi si kwenda sana

1265
00:59:50,270 --> 00:59:54,970
katika ngazi hii ya detail--
kompyuta kusonga mambo kuzunguka katika kumbukumbu

1266
00:59:54,970 --> 00:59:57,800
literally kwa njia ya anwani hizi.

1267
00:59:57,800 --> 01:00:02,080
Hivyo katika kompyuta, kama wewe ni
kuandika kanuni kuhifadhi vitu

1268
01:00:02,080 --> 01:00:05,800
kama maneno, nini wewe
kweli kufanya ni kuandika

1269
01:00:05,800 --> 01:00:11,320
maneno kwamba kukumbuka ambapo katika
kumbukumbu ya kompyuta maneno haya ni.

1270
01:00:11,320 --> 01:00:14,370
Hivyo basi mimi kufanya sana,
rahisi sana mfano.

1271
01:00:14,370 --> 01:00:18,260
>> Mimi nina kwenda mbele na
kufungua maandishi mpango rahisi,

1272
01:00:18,260 --> 01:00:20,330
na mimi nina kwenda kujenga
faili inayoitwa hello.c.

1273
01:00:20,330 --> 01:00:22,849
Wengi wa habari hii sisi
si kwenda katika katika kina kubwa,

1274
01:00:22,849 --> 01:00:25,140
lakini mimi nina kwenda kuandika
programu katika lugha hiyo hiyo,

1275
01:00:25,140 --> 01:00:31,140
C. Hii ni mbali zaidi vitisho,
Napenda kusema, kuliko Scratch,

1276
01:00:31,140 --> 01:00:32,490
lakini ni sawa sana katika roho.

1277
01:00:32,490 --> 01:00:34,364
Kwa kweli, haya curly
braces unaweza aina ya

1278
01:00:34,364 --> 01:00:37,820
kufikiria nini mimi tu alifanya kama hii.

1279
01:00:37,820 --> 01:00:39,240
>> Hebu kufanya hili, kwa kweli.

1280
01:00:39,240 --> 01:00:45,100
Wakati bendera ya kijani clicked,
kufanya yafuatayo.

1281
01:00:45,100 --> 01:00:50,210
Nataka magazeti nje "hello."

1282
01:00:50,210 --> 01:00:51,500
Hivyo hii ni sasa pseudocode.

1283
01:00:51,500 --> 01:00:53,000
Mimi nina aina ya blurring mistari.

1284
01:00:53,000 --> 01:00:56,750
Katika C, lugha hii mimi kuzungumza
kuhusu, mstari huu magazeti hodi

1285
01:00:56,750 --> 01:01:01,940
kweli inakuwa "printf" na
baadhi mabano na nusu koloni.

1286
01:01:01,940 --> 01:01:03,480
>> Lakini ni exact wazo.

1287
01:01:03,480 --> 01:01:06,730
Na hii user-kirafiki sana
"Wakati kijani bendera clicked" inakuwa

1288
01:01:06,730 --> 01:01:10,182
mengi zaidi arcane "int kuu utupu."

1289
01:01:10,182 --> 01:01:12,890
Na hii kweli hana ramani,
hivyo mimi nina kwenda tu kupuuza kwamba.

1290
01:01:12,890 --> 01:01:17,210
Lakini braces curly ni kama
vipande ikiwa puzzle kama hii.

1291
01:01:17,210 --> 01:01:18,700
>> Hivyo unaweza aina ya nadhani.

1292
01:01:18,700 --> 01:01:22,357
Hata kama wewe sijawahi iliyowekwa mbele,
nini mpango huu pengine kufanya?

1293
01:01:22,357 --> 01:01:25,560

1294
01:01:25,560 --> 01:01:28,000
Pengine Prints hujambo
na kumweka Moderators.

1295
01:01:28,000 --> 01:01:29,150
>> Basi hebu jaribu hilo.

1296
01:01:29,150 --> 01:01:30,800
Mimi nina kwenda kuokoa yake.

1297
01:01:30,800 --> 01:01:34,000
Na hii ni, tena, sana
mazingira na umri wa shule.

1298
01:01:34,000 --> 01:01:35,420
Siwezi click, siwezi Drag.

1299
01:01:35,420 --> 01:01:36,910
Mimi na aina amri.

1300
01:01:36,910 --> 01:01:41,320
Hivyo nataka kukimbia mpango wangu, hivyo
Nipate kufanya hivyo, kama hello.c.

1301
01:01:41,320 --> 01:01:42,292
Hiyo ni file mimi mbio.

1302
01:01:42,292 --> 01:01:43,500
Lakini kusubiri, mimi kukosa hatua.

1303
01:01:43,500 --> 01:01:46,470
Nini tunasema ni muhimu
hatua kwa lugha kama C?

1304
01:01:46,470 --> 01:01:49,470
Nimekuwa tu imeandikwa chanzo
kanuni, lakini je, mimi haja?

1305
01:01:49,470 --> 01:01:50,670
Yeah, mimi haja compiler.

1306
01:01:50,670 --> 01:01:57,670
Hivyo juu ya Mac yangu hapa, nina
programu inayoitwa GCC, GNU C compiler,

1307
01:01:57,670 --> 01:02:03,990
ambayo inaruhusu mimi kufanya Haya upande
chanzo kanuni wangu katika, tutaweza simu yake,

1308
01:02:03,990 --> 01:02:04,930
mashine kanuni.

1309
01:02:04,930 --> 01:02:10,180
>> Na mimi kuona kwamba,
tena, kama ifuatavyo, hizi

1310
01:02:10,180 --> 01:02:14,090
ni zeros na ndio mimi tu
kuundwa kutoka chanzo kanuni yangu,

1311
01:02:14,090 --> 01:02:15,730
yote ya zeros na ndio.

1312
01:02:15,730 --> 01:02:17,770
Na kama nataka kukimbia
yangu program-- hutokea

1313
01:02:17,770 --> 01:02:23,010
kuitwa a.out kwa
kihistoria reasons-- "hello."

1314
01:02:23,010 --> 01:02:24,070
Siwezi kukimbia tena.

1315
01:02:24,070 --> 01:02:25,690
Hello, hello, hello.

1316
01:02:25,690 --> 01:02:27,430
Na inaonekana kuwa kazi.

1317
01:02:27,430 --> 01:02:31,000
>> Lakini hiyo ina maana mahali fulani katika wangu
kumbukumbu ya kompyuta ni maneno

1318
01:02:31,000 --> 01:02:35,279
h-e-l-l-o, mshangao uhakika.

1319
01:02:35,279 --> 01:02:38,070
Na zinageuka, tu kama kando,
nini kompyuta ingekuwa kawaida

1320
01:02:38,070 --> 01:02:40,550
kufanya hivyo kwamba anajua ambapo
mambo kuanza na end-- ni

1321
01:02:40,550 --> 01:02:42,460
kwenda kuweka alama maalum hapa.

1322
01:02:42,460 --> 01:02:46,064
Na mkataba ni kuweka
idadi zero mwishoni mwa neno

1323
01:02:46,064 --> 01:02:48,230
ili kujua ambapo ni
kweli mwisho, ili

1324
01:02:48,230 --> 01:02:52,750
si kuweka uchapishaji nje zaidi na zaidi
wahusika kuliko wewe kweli nia.

1325
01:02:52,750 --> 01:02:55,400
>> Lakini takeaway hapa, hata
ingawa hii ni haki arcane,

1326
01:02:55,400 --> 01:02:58,140
ni kwamba ni hatimaye
rahisi kiasi.

1327
01:02:58,140 --> 01:03:04,550
Wewe walipewa aina ya mkanda, tupu
nafasi ambayo unaweza kuandika barua.

1328
01:03:04,550 --> 01:03:07,150
Wewe tu kuwa na
maalum ishara, kama kiholela

1329
01:03:07,150 --> 01:03:10,316
idadi sifuri, kuweka mwishoni mwa
maneno yako ili kompyuta anajua,

1330
01:03:10,316 --> 01:03:13,410
oh, I wanapaswa kuacha uchapishaji baada
Mimi naona mshangao uhakika.

1331
01:03:13,410 --> 01:03:16,090
Kwa sababu jambo la pili huko
ni thamani ASCII ya sifuri,

1332
01:03:16,090 --> 01:03:19,125
au tabia null kama
mtu bila simu yake.

1333
01:03:19,125 --> 01:03:21,500
Lakini kuna aina ya tatizo
hapa, na hebu revert nyuma

1334
01:03:21,500 --> 01:03:23,320
kwa idadi kwa muda.

1335
01:03:23,320 --> 01:03:28,720
Tuseme kwamba mimi kufanya, kwa kweli,
na safu ya idadi,

1336
01:03:28,720 --> 01:03:30,730
na tuseme kwamba
Mpango mimi nina kuandika ni

1337
01:03:30,730 --> 01:03:34,680
kama kitabu daraja kwa mwalimu
na darasa walimu.

1338
01:03:34,680 --> 01:03:38,720
Na mpango huu inaruhusu kwake
aina katika alama ya wanafunzi wao

1339
01:03:38,720 --> 01:03:39,960
juu ya Quizzes.

1340
01:03:39,960 --> 01:03:43,750
Na tuseme kwamba mwanafunzi anapata
100 juu ya jaribio lao la kwanza, labda

1341
01:03:43,750 --> 01:03:49,920
kama 80 kwenye moja ijayo, basi
75, kisha 90 juu ya jaribio la nne.

1342
01:03:49,920 --> 01:03:54,150
>> Hivyo katika hatua hii ya hadithi,
safu ni ya kawaida nne.

1343
01:03:54,150 --> 01:03:58,470
Kuna kabisa zaidi ya kumbukumbu katika
kompyuta, lakini safu, hivyo kusema,

1344
01:03:58,470 --> 01:04:00,350
ni ya kawaida nne.

1345
01:04:00,350 --> 01:04:06,060
Tuseme sasa kwamba mwalimu anataka
hawawajui Jaribio tano darasani.

1346
01:04:06,060 --> 01:04:08,510
Naam, moja ya mambo yeye
au yeye ni kwenda kufanya

1347
01:04:08,510 --> 01:04:10,650
sasa ni kuhifadhi thamani ya ziada hapa.

1348
01:04:10,650 --> 01:04:15,490
Lakini kama safu mwalimu ana
kuundwa katika mpango huu ni wa kawaida kwa ajili ya,

1349
01:04:15,490 --> 01:04:22,440
moja ya tatizo na safu ni kwamba
huwezi kuendelea kuongeza kwa kumbukumbu.

1350
01:04:22,440 --> 01:04:26,470
Kwa sababu nini kama sehemu nyingine ya
mpango ina neno "hey" haki pale?

1351
01:04:26,470 --> 01:04:29,650
>> Kwa maneno mengine, kumbukumbu yangu inaweza kuwa
kutumika kwa ajili ya kitu chochote katika mpango.

1352
01:04:29,650 --> 01:04:33,250
Na kama mapema mimi typed katika, hey,
Nataka alama pembejeo nne jaribio,

1353
01:04:33,250 --> 01:04:34,784
wapate kwenda hapa na hapa.

1354
01:04:34,784 --> 01:04:37,700
Na kama kwa ghafla mabadiliko ya akili yako
baadaye na kusema nataka Jaribio tano

1355
01:04:37,700 --> 01:04:40,872
alama, huwezi tu
kuiweka popote unataka,

1356
01:04:40,872 --> 01:04:42,580
kwa sababu nini kama hii
kumbukumbu unatumiwa

1357
01:04:42,580 --> 01:04:45,990
kwa ajili ya kitu else-- baadhi ya programu nyingine
au baadhi ya kipengele mengine ya mpango

1358
01:04:45,990 --> 01:04:46,910
kwamba wewe ni mbio?

1359
01:04:46,910 --> 01:04:50,650
Hivyo kuwa na kufikiri mapema
jinsi gani unataka kuhifadhi data yako,

1360
01:04:50,650 --> 01:04:54,480
kwa sababu sasa umefanya walijenga
mwenyewe katika kona digital.

1361
01:04:54,480 --> 01:04:57,280
>> Hivyo mwalimu anaweza badala
kusema wakati kuandika mpango

1362
01:04:57,280 --> 01:04:59,360
kuhifadhi yake
darasa, unajua nini?

1363
01:04:59,360 --> 01:05:04,180
Mimi naenda kuomba,
wakati wa kuandika mpango wangu,

1364
01:05:04,180 --> 01:05:12,070
kuwa nataka sifuri, moja, mbili, tatu,
nne, tano, sita, nane darasa jumla.

1365
01:05:12,070 --> 01:05:15,320
Hivyo moja, mbili, tatu, nne,
tano, sita, saba, nane.

1366
01:05:15,320 --> 01:05:18,612
Mwalimu anaweza tu juu-kutenga
kumbukumbu wakati wa kuandika mpango wake

1367
01:05:18,612 --> 01:05:19,570
na kusema, unajua nini?

1368
01:05:19,570 --> 01:05:22,236
Mimi kamwe kwenda hawawajui zaidi
ya nane Quizzes katika muhula.

1369
01:05:22,236 --> 01:05:23,130
Hiyo ni tu mambo.

1370
01:05:23,130 --> 01:05:24,470
Mimi hutaweza kutenga hiyo.

1371
01:05:24,470 --> 01:05:28,270
Hivyo kwamba njia hii yeye au yeye ana
kubadilika kwa alama duka mwanafunzi,

1372
01:05:28,270 --> 01:05:33,010
kama 75, 90, na labda moja ya ziada ambapo
mwanafunzi got mikopo ya ziada, 105.

1373
01:05:33,010 --> 01:05:36,130
>> Lakini kama mwalimu kamwe
anatumia nafasi hizi tatu,

1374
01:05:36,130 --> 01:05:38,860
kuna takeaway Intuitive hapa.

1375
01:05:38,860 --> 01:05:41,410
Yeye au yeye ni tu kupoteza nafasi.

1376
01:05:41,410 --> 01:05:44,790
Hivyo kwa maneno mengine, kuna hii
kawaida tradeoff katika programu

1377
01:05:44,790 --> 01:05:48,241
ambapo unaweza ama kutenga
kumbukumbu hasa kama vile unataka,

1378
01:05:48,241 --> 01:05:51,490
suala la mafanikio ya ambayo ni kwamba wewe ni super
efficient-- wewe si kuwa fujo

1379
01:05:51,490 --> 01:05:54,640
katika all-- lakini upande wa chini ya ambayo
ni nini kama wewe kubadili akili yako wakati

1380
01:05:54,640 --> 01:05:58,780
kutumia mpango kwamba unataka kuhifadhi
data zaidi kuliko wewe awali lengo.

1381
01:05:58,780 --> 01:06:03,030
>> Hivyo labda ufumbuzi ni, basi,
kuandika mipango yako kwa namna

1382
01:06:03,030 --> 01:06:05,605
kwamba wanatumia zaidi ya kumbukumbu
kuliko wao kweli wanahitaji.

1383
01:06:05,605 --> 01:06:07,730
Kwa njia hii wewe si kwenda
kukimbia katika tatizo kwamba,

1384
01:06:07,730 --> 01:06:09,730
lakini wewe kuwa fujo.

1385
01:06:09,730 --> 01:06:12,960
Na zaidi ya kumbukumbu ya mpango wako anatumia,
kama sisi kujadiliwa jana, chini ya

1386
01:06:12,960 --> 01:06:15,410
kumbukumbu hiyo inapatikana
kwa programu nyingine,

1387
01:06:15,410 --> 01:06:18,790
mapema kompyuta yako inaweza kupunguza
chini kwa sababu ya kumbukumbu virtual.

1388
01:06:18,790 --> 01:06:22,670
Na hivyo ufumbuzi bora inaweza kuwa nini?

1389
01:06:22,670 --> 01:06:24,610
>> Chini ya kugawa inaonekana mbaya.

1390
01:06:24,610 --> 01:06:27,030
Zaidi ya-kugawa inaonekana mbaya.

1391
01:06:27,030 --> 01:06:31,120
Hivyo kile anaweza kuwa suluhisho bora?

1392
01:06:31,120 --> 01:06:32,390
Reallocating.

1393
01:06:32,390 --> 01:06:33,590
Kuwa nguvu zaidi.

1394
01:06:33,590 --> 01:06:37,520
Je, si nguvu mwenyewe kwa kuchagua
priori, mwanzoni, unataka nini.

1395
01:06:37,520 --> 01:06:41,370
Na hakika si juu-kutenga,
usije kuwa fujo.

1396
01:06:41,370 --> 01:06:45,770
>> Na hivyo kufikia lengo hilo, sisi
unahitaji kutupa muundo huu data,

1397
01:06:45,770 --> 01:06:48,100
hivyo kusema, mbali.

1398
01:06:48,100 --> 01:06:51,080
Na hivyo kile programu
itakuwa kawaida kutumia

1399
01:06:51,080 --> 01:06:55,940
ni kitu kinachoitwa si
safu lakini orodha wanaohusishwa.

1400
01:06:55,940 --> 01:07:00,860
Kwa maneno mengine, yeye au yeye mapenzi
kuanza kufikiri ya kumbukumbu yao

1401
01:07:00,860 --> 01:07:05,280
kama kuwa aina ya sura kwamba wao
Unaweza kuteka kwa njia hii.

1402
01:07:05,280 --> 01:07:08,520
Kama nataka kuhifadhi namba moja katika
program-- hivyo ni Septemba,

1403
01:07:08,520 --> 01:07:12,600
Nimekupa wanafunzi wangu jaribio; nataka
kuhifadhi wanafunzi 'jaribio la kwanza,

1404
01:07:12,600 --> 01:07:16,220
na wao got 100 juu ya mimi it--
naenda kuuliza kompyuta yangu,

1405
01:07:16,220 --> 01:07:19,540
kwa njia ya mpango nimekuwa
Imeandikwa, kwa chunk moja ya kumbukumbu.

1406
01:07:19,540 --> 01:07:22,570
Na mimi nina kwenda kuhifadhi
idadi 100 ndani yake, na hiyo ni yake.

1407
01:07:22,570 --> 01:07:24,820
>> wiki chache baadaye basi
wakati mimi kupata Jaribio yangu ya pili,

1408
01:07:24,820 --> 01:07:27,890
na ni wakati wa aina
katika kwamba 90%, nakwenda

1409
01:07:27,890 --> 01:07:32,129
kuuliza kompyuta, hey, kompyuta,
nitampata mwingine chunk ya kumbukumbu?

1410
01:07:32,129 --> 01:07:34,170
Ni kwenda nipe huu
tupu chunk ya kumbukumbu.

1411
01:07:34,170 --> 01:07:39,370
Mimi nina kwenda kuweka katika idadi 90,
lakini katika mpango wangu kwa namna fulani au other--

1412
01:07:39,370 --> 01:07:42,100
na hatutakuwa na wasiwasi juu ya
syntax kwa Haya nahitaji

1413
01:07:42,100 --> 01:07:44,430
kwa namna fulani mlolongo mambo haya kwa pamoja.

1414
01:07:44,430 --> 01:07:47,430
Na mimi itabidi mlolongo yao pamoja na
kile kinachoonekana kama mshale hapa.

1415
01:07:47,430 --> 01:07:50,050
>> Jaribio la tatu kuja juu,
Mimi nina kwenda kusema, hey, kompyuta,

1416
01:07:50,050 --> 01:07:51,680
nipe mwingine chunk ya kumbukumbu.

1417
01:07:51,680 --> 01:07:54,660
Na mimi nina kwenda kuweka chini
chochote ilikuwa, kama 75,

1418
01:07:54,660 --> 01:07:56,920
na mimi kuwa na mlolongo huu
pamoja sasa kwa namna fulani.

1419
01:07:56,920 --> 01:08:00,290
Jaribio la nne huja pamoja, na labda
hiyo ni kuelekea mwisho wa muhula.

1420
01:08:00,290 --> 01:08:03,140
Na kwa kuwa hatua mpango wangu
inaweza kuwa kutumia kumbukumbu

1421
01:08:03,140 --> 01:08:05,540
kila mahali, kote kimwili.

1422
01:08:05,540 --> 01:08:08,170
Na hivyo tu kwa mateke, mimi nina
kwenda kuteka hii nje

1423
01:08:08,170 --> 01:08:11,260
quiz-- mimi kusahau ni kitu gani, mimi
kufikiri labda 80 au something--

1424
01:08:11,260 --> 01:08:12,500
njia zaidi ya hapa.

1425
01:08:12,500 --> 01:08:15,920
>> Lakini hiyo ni nzuri, kwa sababu pictorially
Mimi nina kwenda kuteka mstari huu.

1426
01:08:15,920 --> 01:08:19,063
Kwa maneno mengine, katika hali halisi,
katika vifaa vya kompyuta yako,

1427
01:08:19,063 --> 01:08:20,979
alama ya kwanza wapate
kuishia hapa kwa sababu ni

1428
01:08:20,979 --> 01:08:22,529
haki katika mwanzo wa muhula.

1429
01:08:22,529 --> 01:08:25,810
moja ijayo inaweza kuishia hapa
kwa sababu muda kidogo umepita

1430
01:08:25,810 --> 01:08:27,210
na mpango anaendelea mbio.

1431
01:08:27,210 --> 01:08:30,060
alama ya pili, ambayo ilikuwa
75, inaweza kuwa zaidi ya hapa.

1432
01:08:30,060 --> 01:08:33,420
Na alama ya mwisho inaweza kuwa
80, ambayo ni zaidi ya hapa.

1433
01:08:33,420 --> 01:08:38,729
>> Hivyo katika hali halisi, kimwili, hii inaweza kuwa
nini kumbukumbu ya kompyuta yako inaonekana kama.

1434
01:08:38,729 --> 01:08:41,569
Lakini hii si muhimu akili
dhana kwa ajili ya programu ya kompyuta.

1435
01:08:41,569 --> 01:08:44,649
Kwa nini wewe huduma ambapo
heck data yako ni kuishia?

1436
01:08:44,649 --> 01:08:46,200
Wewe tu unataka kuhifadhi data.

1437
01:08:46,200 --> 01:08:49,390
>> Hii ni aina ya kama mjadala wetu
awali ya kuchora mchemraba.

1438
01:08:49,390 --> 01:08:52,200
Kwa nini huduma ya kile
pembeni ni wa mchemraba

1439
01:08:52,200 --> 01:08:53,740
na jinsi una kugeuka kuteka ni?

1440
01:08:53,740 --> 01:08:54,950
Unataka tu mchemraba.

1441
01:08:54,950 --> 01:08:57,359
Vile vile hapa,
nataka tu kitabu daraja.

1442
01:08:57,359 --> 01:08:59,559
Wewe tu nataka kufikiri ya
hili kama orodha ya namba.

1443
01:08:59,559 --> 01:09:01,350
Nani anayejali jinsi gani ni
kutekelezwa katika vifaa?

1444
01:09:01,350 --> 01:09:05,180
>> Hivyo uchukuaji sasa
ni picha hii hapa.

1445
01:09:05,180 --> 01:09:07,580
Hii ni wanaohusishwa orodha, kama
programu kuita yake,

1446
01:09:07,580 --> 01:09:10,640
kadiri una
orodha, ni wazi wa idadi.

1447
01:09:10,640 --> 01:09:14,990
Lakini ni wanaohusishwa pictorially
kwa njia ya mishale haya,

1448
01:09:14,990 --> 01:09:18,510
na mishale yote haya are-- chini
kofia, kama wewe ni curious,

1449
01:09:18,510 --> 01:09:23,210
kukumbuka kuwa vifaa yetu ya kimwili ina
anwani sifuri, moja, mbili, tatu, nne.

1450
01:09:23,210 --> 01:09:28,465
mishale haya yote ni ni kama ramani
au maelekezo, ambapo kama 90 is-- sasa

1451
01:09:28,465 --> 01:09:29,090
I got kuhesabu.

1452
01:09:29,090 --> 01:09:31,750
>> Sifuri, moja, mbili, tatu,
nne, tano, sita, saba.

1453
01:09:31,750 --> 01:09:35,640
Inaonekana kama 90 ni katika
kumbukumbu anuani namba saba.

1454
01:09:35,640 --> 01:09:38,460
mishale haya yote ni ni
kama chakavu kidogo cha karatasi

1455
01:09:38,460 --> 01:09:42,439
hiyo kutoa maelekezo kwa
mpango kwamba anasema kufuata ramani hii

1456
01:09:42,439 --> 01:09:43,880
kupata eneo saba.

1457
01:09:43,880 --> 01:09:46,680
Na kuna utapata
mwanafunzi Jaribio la pili score.

1458
01:09:46,680 --> 01:09:52,100
Wakati huo huo, 75-- kama mimi kuendelea hii,
hii ni saba, nane, tisa, 10, 11, 12,

1459
01:09:52,100 --> 01:09:54,240
13, 14, 15.

1460
01:09:54,240 --> 01:09:59,080
>> Hii mshale mmoja tu inawakilisha
ramani ya eneo ya kumbukumbu 15.

1461
01:09:59,080 --> 01:10:02,550
Lakini tena, programu ujumla gani
hawajali ngazi hii ya kina.

1462
01:10:02,550 --> 01:10:05,530
Na katika wengi kila programu
Lugha leo, programu

1463
01:10:05,530 --> 01:10:10,490
huwezi hata kujua ambapo katika kumbukumbu
namba hizi kweli ni.

1464
01:10:10,490 --> 01:10:14,830
All yeye au yeye ana huduma ya juu ni
kwamba wao ni namna fulani wanaohusishwa pamoja

1465
01:10:14,830 --> 01:10:18,390
katika muundo data kama hii.

1466
01:10:18,390 --> 01:10:21,580
>> Lakini zinageuka si
kupata pia kiufundi.

1467
01:10:21,580 --> 01:10:27,430
Lakini kwa sababu tu tunaweza labda
kumudu kuwa na mjadala huu hapa,

1468
01:10:27,430 --> 01:10:33,630
tuseme kwamba sisi kupitia upya
suala hili hapa ya safu.

1469
01:10:33,630 --> 01:10:35,780
Hebu tuone kama sisi majuto kwenda hapa.

1470
01:10:35,780 --> 01:10:42,950
Hii ni 100, 90, 75, na 80.

1471
01:10:42,950 --> 01:10:44,980
>> Napenda kwa ufupi kufanya dai hili.

1472
01:10:44,980 --> 01:10:48,980
Hii ni safu, na tena,
salient tabia ya safu

1473
01:10:48,980 --> 01:10:52,400
ni kwamba wote wa data zako ni nyuma
nyuma kwa nyuma katika memory-- literally

1474
01:10:52,400 --> 01:10:56,830
byte moja au labda nne ka,
baadhi idadi maalum ya ka mbali.

1475
01:10:56,830 --> 01:11:00,710
Katika orodha wanaohusishwa, ambayo sisi tupate kuteka
kama hii, chini ya Hood ambaye

1476
01:11:00,710 --> 01:11:02,000
anajua ambapo mambo ambayo ni?

1477
01:11:02,000 --> 01:11:03,630
Haina hata haja ya kumiminika kama hii.

1478
01:11:03,630 --> 01:11:06,050
Baadhi ya data inaweza kuwa
nyuma ya kushoto hadi pale.

1479
01:11:06,050 --> 01:11:07,530
Huwezi hata kujua.

1480
01:11:07,530 --> 01:11:15,430
>> Na hivyo na safu, una
kipengele inayojulikana kama upatikanaji random.

1481
01:11:15,430 --> 01:11:20,570
Na nini random kupata njia ni
kompyuta inaweza kuruka instantly

1482
01:11:20,570 --> 01:11:22,730
kwa eneo lolote katika safu.

1483
01:11:22,730 --> 01:11:23,580
Kwa nini?

1484
01:11:23,580 --> 01:11:26,000
Kwa sababu kompyuta anajua
kwamba eneo la kwanza ni

1485
01:11:26,000 --> 01:11:29,540
sifuri, moja, mbili, na tatu.

1486
01:11:29,540 --> 01:11:33,890
>> Na hivyo kama unataka kwenda kutoka
kipengele huu kwa kipengele ijayo,

1487
01:11:33,890 --> 01:11:36,099
wewe literally, katika
akili ya kompyuta, tu kuongeza moja.

1488
01:11:36,099 --> 01:11:39,140
Kama unataka kwenda kipengele cha tatu,
tu kuongeza one-- kipengele ijayo, tu

1489
01:11:39,140 --> 01:11:40,290
kuongeza moja.

1490
01:11:40,290 --> 01:11:42,980
Hata hivyo, katika toleo hili
ya hadithi, tuseme

1491
01:11:42,980 --> 01:11:46,080
kompyuta sasa ni kuangalia
katika au kushughulika na idadi 100.

1492
01:11:46,080 --> 01:11:49,770
Jinsi gani unaweza kupata ijayo
daraja katika kitabu daraja?

1493
01:11:49,770 --> 01:11:52,560
>> Una kuchukua saba
hatua, ambayo ni holela.

1494
01:11:52,560 --> 01:11:58,120
Ili kupata moja ijayo, una
kuchukua hatua nyingine nane kupata 15.

1495
01:11:58,120 --> 01:12:02,250
Kwa maneno mengine, siyo
pengo mara kwa mara kati ya idadi,

1496
01:12:02,250 --> 01:12:04,857
na hivyo ni tu inachukua
kompyuta muda zaidi ni uhakika.

1497
01:12:04,857 --> 01:12:06,940
kompyuta ina kutafuta
kupitia kumbukumbu ili

1498
01:12:06,940 --> 01:12:08,990
kupata nini ni kuangalia kwa.

1499
01:12:08,990 --> 01:12:14,260
>> Hivyo ambapo safu inaelekea kuwa
haraka data structure-- kwa sababu wewe

1500
01:12:14,260 --> 01:12:17,610
Unaweza literally tu kufanya hesabu rahisi
na kupata wapi unataka na kuongeza moja,

1501
01:12:17,610 --> 01:12:21,300
kwa instance-- orodha wanaohusishwa,
wewe sadaka kipengele kwamba.

1502
01:12:21,300 --> 01:12:24,020
Huwezi tu kwenda kutoka kwanza
kwa ya pili ya tatu kwa nne.

1503
01:12:24,020 --> 01:12:25,240
Una kufuata ramani.

1504
01:12:25,240 --> 01:12:28,160
Una kuchukua hatua zaidi
kupata maadili hayo, ambayo

1505
01:12:28,160 --> 01:12:30,230
bila ya kuonekana kuwa na kuongeza gharama.

1506
01:12:30,230 --> 01:12:35,910
Hivyo sisi ni kulipa bei, lakini kile alikuwa
kipengele kwamba Dan alikuwa akitafuta hapa?

1507
01:12:35,910 --> 01:12:38,110
Je orodha wanaohusishwa
inaonekana kuruhusu sisi kufanya,

1508
01:12:38,110 --> 01:12:40,240
ambayo ilikuwa chanzo cha
hii hadithi fulani?

1509
01:12:40,240 --> 01:12:43,250

1510
01:12:43,250 --> 01:12:43,830
>> Hasa.

1511
01:12:43,830 --> 01:12:46,220
ukubwa nguvu yake.

1512
01:12:46,220 --> 01:12:48,040
Tunaweza kuongeza kwenye orodha hii.

1513
01:12:48,040 --> 01:12:51,430
Tunaweza hata kuogopa orodha, hivyo
kwamba tuko tu kutumia kumbukumbu kama kiasi

1514
01:12:51,430 --> 01:12:55,560
kama sisi kweli wanataka na hivyo
tuko kamwe juu-kugawa.

1515
01:12:55,560 --> 01:12:58,470
>> Sasa tu kuwa kweli NIT-picky,
kuna gharama za siri.

1516
01:12:58,470 --> 01:13:01,980
Hivyo unapaswa tu basi mimi kuwashawishi
kwamba hii ni kulazimisha tradeoff.

1517
01:13:01,980 --> 01:13:04,190
Kuna mwingine gharama za siri hapa.

1518
01:13:04,190 --> 01:13:06,550
faida, kuwa wazi,
ni kwamba sisi kupata mabadiliko.

1519
01:13:06,550 --> 01:13:10,359
Kama mimi nataka kipengele mwingine, naweza tu
kuteka yake na kuweka namba katika huko.

1520
01:13:10,359 --> 01:13:12,150
Na kisha naweza kuhusisha
na picha hapa,

1521
01:13:12,150 --> 01:13:14,970
ambapo zaidi ya hapa, tena, kama mimi wameweza
walijenga mwenyewe kwenye kona,

1522
01:13:14,970 --> 01:13:19,410
kama kitu kingine ni tayari kutumia
kumbukumbu hapa, mimi nina nje ya bahati.

1523
01:13:19,410 --> 01:13:21,700
Nimekuwa walijenga mwenyewe katika kona.

1524
01:13:21,700 --> 01:13:24,390
>> Lakini nini siri
gharama katika picha hii?

1525
01:13:24,390 --> 01:13:27,690
Siyo tu kiasi
muda kwamba inachukua

1526
01:13:27,690 --> 01:13:29,870
kwenda kutoka hapa hapa,
ambayo ni hatua saba, kisha

1527
01:13:29,870 --> 01:13:32,820
hatua nane, ambayo ni zaidi ya moja.

1528
01:13:32,820 --> 01:13:34,830
Nini gharama nyingine ya siri?

1529
01:13:34,830 --> 01:13:35,440
Sio tu wakati.

1530
01:13:35,440 --> 01:13:44,790

1531
01:13:44,790 --> 01:13:49,940
Maelezo ya ziada ni
muhimu ili kufikia picha hii.

1532
01:13:49,940 --> 01:13:53,210
>> Yeah, kwamba ramani, wale vyuma chakavu kidogo ya
karatasi, kama mimi kuweka wakielezea kama.

1533
01:13:53,210 --> 01:13:55,650
Hizi arrows-- wale si bure.

1534
01:13:55,650 --> 01:13:57,660
computer-- unajua
nini kompyuta ina.

1535
01:13:57,660 --> 01:13:58,790
Ina zeros na ndio.

1536
01:13:58,790 --> 01:14:03,170
Kama unataka kuwakilisha mshale au
ramani au idadi, unahitaji baadhi ya kumbukumbu.

1537
01:14:03,170 --> 01:14:05,950
Hivyo bei nyingine
kulipia orodha wanaohusishwa,

1538
01:14:05,950 --> 01:14:09,070
kawaida sayansi ya kompyuta
rasilimali, pia ni nafasi.

1539
01:14:09,070 --> 01:14:11,710
>> Na hakika hivyo, hivyo kawaida,
miongoni mwa ujanja

1540
01:14:11,710 --> 01:14:15,580
katika kubuni programu uhandisi
mifumo ni muda na space--

1541
01:14:15,580 --> 01:14:18,596
ni mbili ya viungo yako, wawili
ya viungo yako na gharama kubwa zaidi.

1542
01:14:18,596 --> 01:14:21,220
Hii ni gharama yangu muda zaidi
kwa sababu mimi na kufuata ramani hii,

1543
01:14:21,220 --> 01:14:25,730
lakini pia ni gharama yangu nafasi zaidi
kwa sababu mimi na kuweka ramani huu.

1544
01:14:25,730 --> 01:14:28,730
Hivyo matumaini, kama tumekuwa aina ya
kujadiliwa zaidi jana na leo,

1545
01:14:28,730 --> 01:14:31,720
ni kwamba faida
itakuwa outweigh gharama.

1546
01:14:31,720 --> 01:14:33,870
>> Lakini hakuna ufumbuzi wa dhahiri hapa.

1547
01:14:33,870 --> 01:14:35,870
Labda ni better--
la haraka na chafu,

1548
01:14:35,870 --> 01:14:38,660
kama Kareem mapendekezo earlier--
kutupa kumbukumbu katika tatizo.

1549
01:14:38,660 --> 01:14:42,520
Tu kununua zaidi ya kumbukumbu, kufikiri chini
ngumu kuhusu utatuzi wa matatizo,

1550
01:14:42,520 --> 01:14:44,595
na kutatua hayo katika njia rahisi zaidi.

1551
01:14:44,595 --> 01:14:46,720
Na hakika kabla ya wakati
kuongelea ujanja,

1552
01:14:46,720 --> 01:14:49,190
haikuwa nafasi katika
Kompyuta na wakati.

1553
01:14:49,190 --> 01:14:51,810
Ilikuwa ni developer wakati, ambayo
bado rasilimali nyingine.

1554
01:14:51,810 --> 01:14:54,829
>> Hivyo tena, ni tendo hili ambalo kusawazisha
kujaribu kuamua ambayo ya mambo hayo

1555
01:14:54,829 --> 01:14:55,870
ni wewe tayari kutumia?

1556
01:14:55,870 --> 01:14:57,380
Ambayo ni mdogo na gharama kubwa?

1557
01:14:57,380 --> 01:15:01,040
Ambayo huleta matokeo bora?

1558
01:15:01,040 --> 01:15:01,540
Yeah?

1559
01:15:01,540 --> 01:15:11,310

1560
01:15:11,310 --> 01:15:12,580
>> Hakika.

1561
01:15:12,580 --> 01:15:15,970
Katika kesi hiyo, kama wewe ni
anayewakilisha idadi katika maps--

1562
01:15:15,970 --> 01:15:18,820
hizi zinaitwa katika lugha nyingi
"Kuyatumia" au "anwani" -

1563
01:15:18,820 --> 01:15:20,390
ni mara mbili nafasi.

1564
01:15:20,390 --> 01:15:24,390
Hiyo haihitaji kuwa mbaya kama mara mbili kama
sasa hivi sisi ni hifadhi tu idadi.

1565
01:15:24,390 --> 01:15:27,410
Tuseme kwamba tulikuwa kuhifadhi
kumbukumbu na subira katika hospital--

1566
01:15:27,410 --> 01:15:30,870
hivyo majina Pierson, namba za simu,
idadi ya usalama ya kijamii, daktari

1567
01:15:30,870 --> 01:15:31,540
historia.

1568
01:15:31,540 --> 01:15:34,160
sanduku hii inaweza kuwa mengi,
kubwa sana, katika kesi ambayo

1569
01:15:34,160 --> 01:15:38,000
kidogo kidogo pointer, pepe ya
ijayo element-- ni si kubwa mpango huo.

1570
01:15:38,000 --> 01:15:40,620
Ni kama pindo
gharama haijalishi.

1571
01:15:40,620 --> 01:15:43,210
Lakini katika kesi hii, yeah, ni mara dufu.

1572
01:15:43,210 --> 01:15:45,290
swali zuri.

1573
01:15:45,290 --> 01:15:47,900
>> Hebu majadiliano juu ya muda a
kidogo uthabiti zaidi.

1574
01:15:47,900 --> 01:15:50,380
Nini wakati mbio
ya kutafuta orodha hii?

1575
01:15:50,380 --> 01:15:53,640
Tuseme nilitaka kutafuta
kupitia kila darasa la wanafunzi,

1576
01:15:53,640 --> 01:15:55,980
na kuna n darasa
katika muundo huu data.

1577
01:15:55,980 --> 01:15:58,830
Hapa pia, tunaweza kukopa
msamiati wa awali.

1578
01:15:58,830 --> 01:16:00,890
Hii ni data linear muundo.

1579
01:16:00,890 --> 01:16:04,570
>> Big O ya n ni nini wanatakiwa kupata
hadi mwisho wa muundo huu data,

1580
01:16:04,570 --> 01:16:08,410
whereas-- na hatujaona
huu kabla, safu anatoa

1581
01:16:08,410 --> 01:16:13,555
kile kinachoitwa wakati mara kwa mara, ambayo ina maana
hatua moja au hatua mbili au 10 steps--

1582
01:16:13,555 --> 01:16:14,180
haijalishi.

1583
01:16:14,180 --> 01:16:15,440
Ni idadi fasta.

1584
01:16:15,440 --> 01:16:17,440
Ina chochote cha kufanya na
ukubwa wa safu.

1585
01:16:17,440 --> 01:16:20,130
Na sababu ya kuwa,
tena, ni upatikanaji random.

1586
01:16:20,130 --> 01:16:23,180
kompyuta Unaweza tu mara moja
kuruka kwa eneo jingine,

1587
01:16:23,180 --> 01:16:27,770
kwa sababu wao uko wote ni sawa
umbali kutoka kila kitu kingine.

1588
01:16:27,770 --> 01:16:29,112
Hakuna kufikiri wanaohusika.

1589
01:16:29,112 --> 01:16:31,900

1590
01:16:31,900 --> 01:16:32,400
Sawa.

1591
01:16:32,400 --> 01:16:39,230
Hivyo kama naweza, napenda kujaribu
kuchora picha mbili za mwisho.

1592
01:16:39,230 --> 01:16:42,830
moja ya kawaida sana inayojulikana kama meza hash.

1593
01:16:42,830 --> 01:16:51,120
Hivyo kuwahamasisha mjadala huu,
napenda kufikiri kuhusu jinsi ya kufanya hivyo.

1594
01:16:51,120 --> 01:16:52,610
>> Hivyo ni jinsi kuhusu hili?

1595
01:16:52,610 --> 01:16:55,160
Tuseme kwamba tatizo
tunataka kutatua sasa

1596
01:16:55,160 --> 01:16:58,360
inatekeleza katika dictionary--
hivyo rundo zima la maneno ya Kiingereza

1597
01:16:58,360 --> 01:16:59,330
au chochote.

1598
01:16:59,330 --> 01:17:02,724
Na lengo ni kuwa na uwezo wa kujibu
maswali ya aina hii si kauli?

1599
01:17:02,724 --> 01:17:04,640
Kwa hiyo unataka kutekeleza
Spell kusahihisha, tu

1600
01:17:04,640 --> 01:17:07,220
kama kamusi kimwili
kwamba unaweza kuangalia mambo juu katika.

1601
01:17:07,220 --> 01:17:10,490
Tuseme ningekuwa na kufanya huu kwa safu.

1602
01:17:10,490 --> 01:17:12,590
Mimi naweza kufanya hili.

1603
01:17:12,590 --> 01:17:20,756
>> Na tuseme maneno ni apple
na ndizi na tikiti maji.

1604
01:17:20,756 --> 01:17:23,330

1605
01:17:23,330 --> 01:17:26,465
Na siwezi kufikiria matunda
zinazoanza na d, hivyo tuko tu

1606
01:17:26,465 --> 01:17:27,590
kwenda na matunda tatu.

1607
01:17:27,590 --> 01:17:31,510
Hivyo hii ni safu, na tuko
kuhifadhi wote wa maneno haya

1608
01:17:31,510 --> 01:17:34,200
katika kamusi hii kama safu.

1609
01:17:34,200 --> 01:17:39,350
swali, basi, ni jinsi mwingine
inaweza kuhifadhi habari hii?

1610
01:17:39,350 --> 01:17:43,160
>> Naam, mimi nina aina ya cheating hapa, kwa sababu
kila moja ya barua hizo katika neno

1611
01:17:43,160 --> 01:17:44,490
ni kweli Byte mtu binafsi.

1612
01:17:44,490 --> 01:17:46,740
Hivyo kama mimi kwa kweli alitaka kuwa
nit-picky, mimi lazima kweli

1613
01:17:46,740 --> 01:17:49,600
kuwa kugawa hii up katika mengi
chunks ndogo ya kumbukumbu,

1614
01:17:49,600 --> 01:17:51,289
na tunaweza kufanya hasa kwamba.

1615
01:17:51,289 --> 01:17:53,580
Lakini tunakwenda kukimbia katika
tatizo sawa mbele.

1616
01:17:53,580 --> 01:17:56,674
Nini kama, kama Merriam Webster au Oxford
anafanya kila year-- wao kuongeza maneno

1617
01:17:56,674 --> 01:17:59,340
kwa dictionary-- hatufanyi
lazima unataka rangi wenyewe

1618
01:17:59,340 --> 01:18:00,780
ndani ya kona na safu?

1619
01:18:00,780 --> 01:18:05,710
>> Hivyo badala yake, labda mbinu nadhifu
ni kuweka apple katika node yake mwenyewe au sanduku,

1620
01:18:05,710 --> 01:18:11,190
kama tunataka kusema, ndizi, na
basi hapa tuna tikiti maji.

1621
01:18:11,190 --> 01:18:14,990

1622
01:18:14,990 --> 01:18:16,790
Na sisi kamba mambo haya kwa pamoja.

1623
01:18:16,790 --> 01:18:19,980
Hivyo hii ni safu, na
hii ni orodha wanaohusishwa.

1624
01:18:19,980 --> 01:18:23,300
Kama huwezi kabisa kuona, ni tu
anasema "safu," na hii anasema "orodha."

1625
01:18:23,300 --> 01:18:25,780
>> Hivyo tuna huo
masuala halisi kama kabla,

1626
01:18:25,780 --> 01:18:28,600
ambapo sisi sasa kuwa
mabadiliko katika orodha yetu wanaohusishwa.

1627
01:18:28,600 --> 01:18:31,090
Lakini tuna haki polepole kamusi.

1628
01:18:31,090 --> 01:18:32,870
Tuseme nataka kuangalia juu ya neno.

1629
01:18:32,870 --> 01:18:35,430
Ni inaweza kuchukua me O kubwa ya n
hatua, kwa sababu neno nguvu

1630
01:18:35,430 --> 01:18:37,840
kuwa njia zote mwishoni mwa
orodha, kama tikiti maji.

1631
01:18:37,840 --> 01:18:40,600
Na zinageuka kuwa
katika programu, aina

1632
01:18:40,600 --> 01:18:42,700
ya grail takatifu ya data
miundo, ni kitu

1633
01:18:42,700 --> 01:18:46,620
kwamba anatoa mara kwa mara
muda kama safu

1634
01:18:46,620 --> 01:18:50,870
lakini hiyo bado anatoa mabadiliko.

1635
01:18:50,870 --> 01:18:52,940
>> Hivyo tunaweza kuwa bora wa walimwengu wote?

1636
01:18:52,940 --> 01:18:55,570
Na hakika, kuna kitu
aitwaye hash meza

1637
01:18:55,570 --> 01:18:59,320
kwamba utapata kufanya hasa
kwamba, angalau takriban.

1638
01:18:59,320 --> 01:19:03,140
meza hash ni fancier
muundo wa data kwamba sisi

1639
01:19:03,140 --> 01:19:06,340
unaweza kufikiria kama
mchanganyiko wa array--

1640
01:19:06,340 --> 01:19:12,390
na mimi nina kwenda kuteka ni
kama hii na orodha wanaohusishwa

1641
01:19:12,390 --> 01:19:17,310
kwamba mimi itabidi kuteka kama hii zaidi ya hapa.

1642
01:19:17,310 --> 01:19:19,760
>> Na jinsi suala hili
kazi ni kama ifuatavyo.

1643
01:19:19,760 --> 01:19:23,310

1644
01:19:23,310 --> 01:19:29,540
Kama hii now-- hash table--
ni data ya tatu muundo wangu,

1645
01:19:29,540 --> 01:19:32,590
na nataka kuhifadhi
Maneno katika hili, mimi si

1646
01:19:32,590 --> 01:19:35,440
unataka kuhifadhi tu wote wa
Maneno nyuma kwa nyuma kwa nyuma kwa nyuma.

1647
01:19:35,440 --> 01:19:37,430
Nataka kujiinua baadhi
kipande cha habari

1648
01:19:37,430 --> 01:19:40,330
kuhusu maneno kwamba basi
me kupata ambapo ni kwa kasi zaidi.

1649
01:19:40,330 --> 01:19:43,666
>> Hivyo kutokana na maneno apple
na ndizi na tikiti maji,

1650
01:19:43,666 --> 01:19:45,040
Mimi alichagua maneno hayo.

1651
01:19:45,040 --> 01:19:45,340
Kwa nini?

1652
01:19:45,340 --> 01:19:47,631
Nini aina ya kimsingi
tofauti kuhusu tatu?

1653
01:19:47,631 --> 01:19:49,950

1654
01:19:49,950 --> 01:19:51,484
Nini wazi?

1655
01:19:51,484 --> 01:19:52,900
Wao kuanza na barua tofauti.

1656
01:19:52,900 --> 01:19:53,900
>> Hivyo unajua nini?

1657
01:19:53,900 --> 01:19:57,120
Badala ya kuweka maneno yangu yote katika
ndoo moja, hivyo kusema,

1658
01:19:57,120 --> 01:20:00,390
kama katika orodha moja kubwa, kwa nini sio
Mimi angalau kujaribu optimization

1659
01:20:00,390 --> 01:20:04,180
na kufanya orodha yangu 1/26 kwa muda mrefu.

1660
01:20:04,180 --> 01:20:07,440
optimization kulazimisha
inaweza kuwa ni kwa nini hawana

1661
01:20:07,440 --> 01:20:10,650
I-- wakati kuingiza neno
katika muundo huu data,

1662
01:20:10,650 --> 01:20:14,300
katika kumbukumbu ya kompyuta, kwa nini
si mimi kuweka '' maneno yote hapa,

1663
01:20:14,300 --> 01:20:17,270
wote 'b' maneno hapa,
na 'c' maneno yote hapa?

1664
01:20:17,270 --> 01:20:24,610
Hivyo hii kuishia kuweka apple
hapa, ndizi hapa, tikiti maji hapa,

1665
01:20:24,610 --> 01:20:25,730
na kadhalika.

1666
01:20:25,730 --> 01:20:31,700
>> Na kama nina ziada
neno like-- nini kingine?

1667
01:20:31,700 --> 01:20:36,640
Apple, ndizi, pear.

1668
01:20:36,640 --> 01:20:39,370
Mtu yeyote kufikiri ya matunda
kwamba huanza na, b, au c?

1669
01:20:39,370 --> 01:20:40,570
Blueberry-- kamilifu.

1670
01:20:40,570 --> 01:20:43,990
Hiyo ni kwenda kuishia hapa.

1671
01:20:43,990 --> 01:20:47,530
Na hivyo sisi wanaonekana kuwa na
kidogo ufumbuzi bora,

1672
01:20:47,530 --> 01:20:50,820
kwa sababu sasa kama nataka
kutafuta apple, mimi

1673
01:20:50,820 --> 01:20:53,200
first-- mimi si tu kupiga mbizi
ndani ya muundo yangu data.

1674
01:20:53,200 --> 01:20:54,850
Sina mbizi katika kumbukumbu ya kompyuta yangu.

1675
01:20:54,850 --> 01:20:56,530
Mimi kwanza tuangalie barua ya kwanza.

1676
01:20:56,530 --> 01:20:58,610
>> Na hii ni nini kompyuta
mwanasayansi kusema.

1677
01:20:58,610 --> 01:21:00,760
You hash katika muundo yako data.

1678
01:21:00,760 --> 01:21:04,100
Wewe kuchukua mchango wako, ambayo katika
kesi hii ni neno kama apple.

1679
01:21:04,100 --> 01:21:07,150
You kuchambua, kuangalia
barua ya kwanza katika kesi hiyo,

1680
01:21:07,150 --> 01:21:08,340
hivyo hashing yake.

1681
01:21:08,340 --> 01:21:10,950
Hashing ni neno la jumla ambapo
wewe kuchukua kitu kama pembejeo

1682
01:21:10,950 --> 01:21:12,116
na wewe kuzalisha baadhi pato.

1683
01:21:12,116 --> 01:21:15,090
Na pato katika kwamba
kesi ni eneo

1684
01:21:15,090 --> 01:21:18,150
unataka kutafuta, kwanza
eneo, eneo la pili, tatu.

1685
01:21:18,150 --> 01:21:22,160
Hivyo pembejeo ni apple,
pato ni ya kwanza.

1686
01:21:22,160 --> 01:21:25,054
pembejeo ni ndizi,
pato lazima pili.

1687
01:21:25,054 --> 01:21:27,220
pembejeo ni tikiti maji,
pato lazima tatu.

1688
01:21:27,220 --> 01:21:30,320
pembejeo ni Blueberry,
pato lazima tena kuwa ya pili.

1689
01:21:30,320 --> 01:21:34,010
Na kwamba ni nini husaidia kuchukua
shortcuts kupitia kumbukumbu yako

1690
01:21:34,010 --> 01:21:39,050
ili kupata maneno
au data kwa ufanisi zaidi.

1691
01:21:39,050 --> 01:21:43,330
>> Sasa hii kupunguzwa chini wakati wetu uwezekano
kwa kadri mmoja kati ya 26,

1692
01:21:43,330 --> 01:21:45,850
kwa sababu kama wewe kudhani kuwa wewe
kuwa kama wengi "" Maneno kama "z"

1693
01:21:45,850 --> 01:21:48,080
Maneno kama "q" maneno, ambayo
si kweli realistic--

1694
01:21:48,080 --> 01:21:50,830
wewe ni kwenda na skew hela
baadhi ya herufi ya alphabet--

1695
01:21:50,830 --> 01:21:53,204
lakini hii itakuwa Unaozidi
mbinu hiyo haina kuruhusu

1696
01:21:53,204 --> 01:21:55,930
wewe kupata maneno haraka zaidi.

1697
01:21:55,930 --> 01:21:59,660
Na katika hali halisi, kisasa
mpango, Googles ya dunia,

1698
01:21:59,660 --> 01:22:02,180
Facebooks ya world--
wangeweza kutumia meza hash

1699
01:22:02,180 --> 01:22:03,740
kwa mengi ya malengo tofauti.

1700
01:22:03,740 --> 01:22:06,590
Lakini wao isingekuwa hivyo naive kama
tu kuangalia barua ya kwanza

1701
01:22:06,590 --> 01:22:09,700
katika apple au ndizi au
pear au tikiti maji,

1702
01:22:09,700 --> 01:22:13,420
kwa sababu kama unaweza kuona haya
orodha bado anaweza kupata muda mrefu.

1703
01:22:13,420 --> 01:22:17,130
>> Na hivyo hii bado wanaweza kuwa na aina
ya linear-- hivyo aina ya polepole,

1704
01:22:17,130 --> 01:22:19,980
kama na O kubwa ya n
kwamba sisi kujadiliwa mapema.

1705
01:22:19,980 --> 01:22:25,290
Kwa hiyo kile halisi nzuri hash meza mapenzi
do-- itakuwa na safu kubwa sana.

1706
01:22:25,290 --> 01:22:28,574
Na itakuwa kutumia mengi zaidi
kisasa hashing kazi,

1707
01:22:28,574 --> 01:22:30,240
hivyo kwamba hana si tu kuangalia "."

1708
01:22:30,240 --> 01:22:35,480
Labda ni inaangalia "-p-p-l-e" na
namna fulani waongofu barua hizo tano

1709
01:22:35,480 --> 01:22:38,400
katika eneo ambapo
apple kuhifadhiwa.

1710
01:22:38,400 --> 01:22:42,660
Sisi ni tu naively kutumia barua ''
peke yake, kwa sababu ni nzuri na rahisi.

1711
01:22:42,660 --> 01:22:44,600
>> Lakini hash meza, katika
mwisho, unaweza kufikiria

1712
01:22:44,600 --> 01:22:47,270
ya kama mchanganyiko wa
safu, ambayo kila mmoja

1713
01:22:47,270 --> 01:22:51,700
ina orodha wanaohusishwa kwamba walau
lazima kama mfupi iwezekanavyo.

1714
01:22:51,700 --> 01:22:54,364
Na hii si ufumbuzi wa dhahiri.

1715
01:22:54,364 --> 01:22:57,280
Kwa kweli, sehemu kubwa ya tuning faini
kwamba unaendelea chini ya Hood wakati

1716
01:22:57,280 --> 01:22:59,654
utekelezaji wa aina hii ya
miundo ya kisasa data

1717
01:22:59,654 --> 01:23:01,640
ni nini ni haki
urefu wa safu?

1718
01:23:01,640 --> 01:23:03,250
ni haki heshi nini?

1719
01:23:03,250 --> 01:23:04,830
Jinsi gani unaweza kuhifadhi vitu katika kumbukumbu?

1720
01:23:04,830 --> 01:23:07,249
>> Lakini kutambua jinsi ya haraka
aina hii ya majadiliano

1721
01:23:07,249 --> 01:23:10,540
ilienea, ama hivyo mbali ya kuwa ni aina
ya juu ya kichwa ya mtu katika hatua hii, ambayo

1722
01:23:10,540 --> 01:23:11,360
ni faini.

1723
01:23:11,360 --> 01:23:18,820
Lakini sisi ilianza, kukumbuka, na kweli
kitu ngazi ya chini na elektroniki.

1724
01:23:18,820 --> 01:23:20,819
Na hivyo hii tena ni hii
mandhari ya uchukuaji,

1725
01:23:20,819 --> 01:23:23,610
ambapo mara moja kuanza kuchukua kwa
nafasi, OK, mimi nimepata it-- kuna

1726
01:23:23,610 --> 01:23:26,680
kumbukumbu ya kimwili, OK, got it, kila
eneo kimwili ina mitaani,

1727
01:23:26,680 --> 01:23:29,910
OK, I got it, siwezi kuwakilisha
wale anwani kama arrows--

1728
01:23:29,910 --> 01:23:34,650
unaweza haraka sana kuanza na
Mazungumzo ya kisasa zaidi kwamba

1729
01:23:34,650 --> 01:23:38,360
katika mwisho wanaonekana kuwa kuruhusu sisi
kutatua matatizo kama kutafuta

1730
01:23:38,360 --> 01:23:41,620
na kuchagua kwa ufanisi zaidi.

1731
01:23:41,620 --> 01:23:44,190
Na wengine uhakika, too--
kwa sababu nadhani hii

1732
01:23:44,190 --> 01:23:48,700
ni kikubwa mno tumeenda katika baadhi
ya mada hizi CS proper-- tumekuwa

1733
01:23:48,700 --> 01:23:51,880
kufanyika katika siku moja na nusu saa hii
uhakika nini unaweza kawaida ya kufanya zaidi ya

1734
01:23:51,880 --> 01:23:55,520
kipindi cha wiki nane katika muhula.

1735
01:23:55,520 --> 01:23:59,670
>> Maswali yoyote juu ya haya?

1736
01:23:59,670 --> 01:24:01,100
Hakuna?

1737
01:24:01,100 --> 01:24:01,940
Sawa.

1738
01:24:01,940 --> 01:24:05,610
Naam, kwa nini sio sisi pause huko,
kuanza chakula cha mchana dakika chache mapema,

1739
01:24:05,610 --> 01:24:07,052
kuanza tena katika tu kuhusu saa?

1740
01:24:07,052 --> 01:24:08,760
Na mimi itabidi linger kwa
bit na maswali.

1741
01:24:08,760 --> 01:24:11,343
Kisha mimi nina kwenda na kwenda
kuchukua michache wito kama hiyo ni sawa.

1742
01:24:11,343 --> 01:24:15,000
Mimi itabidi kurejea kwenye baadhi ya muziki katika huo huo,
lakini chakula cha mchana lazima kuzunguka kona.

1743
01:24:15,000 --> 01:24:17,862