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00:00:00,270 --> 00:00:01,790
DAVID Malan: Karibu tena, kila mtu.

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Basi jana, itabidi kukumbuka kuwa
sisi ililenga katika mada hizi hapa.

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Hivyo tulikuwa wanne kuu topics--
faragha, usalama, na jamii;

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teknolojia biashara; wingu kompyuta;
na hatimaye, maendeleo ya mtandao.

6
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>> Je, mtu yeyote kuwa na
Bandwidth au wakati

7
00:00:14,170 --> 00:00:16,900
kuangalia John kidogo
Oliver jana usiku?

8
00:00:16,900 --> 00:00:20,120
Ni kweli pretty amusing,
kama si kidogo ya kutisha.

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00:00:20,120 --> 00:00:24,700
Maswali yoyote juu ya jambo lolote
tulivyofanya jana?

10
00:00:24,700 --> 00:00:27,600
ufafanuzi yoyote?

11
00:00:27,600 --> 00:00:35,580
Maswali yoyote kwamba unataka kufanya
hakika sisi kugusa juu ya leo katika baadhi ya fomu?

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00:00:35,580 --> 00:00:37,300
Hivyo safi slate.

13
00:00:37,300 --> 00:00:38,760
>> Basi nini juu ya ajenda ya leo?

14
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Hivyo Nilidhani tunatarajia kuanza leo
na kuangalia nini kwa ujumla

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inayojulikana kama computational thinking-- katika
hatari ya oversimplifying, kufikiri

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kama kompyuta, labda
kufikiri kama mhandisi,

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na kujaribu kuanza kwa
kupanga mawazo yako

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au kukupa hali nzuri zaidi ya
nini wanaohusika katika kweli jeshi

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kompyuta kufanya kitu
kwa njia ya programu.

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Na tutaweza kuifanya pretty
ngazi ya juu, pretty much Kiingereza,

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lakini kujaribu kutumia wa ukoo
mifano kurasimisha jinsi

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ungependa kwenda kuhusu utatuzi wa matatizo.

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>> Na sisi kupitia upya baadhi CS
mada, kama uchukuaji,

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waliokuja juu ya wanandoa
ya nyakati jana,

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algorithms, na kisha uwakilishi.

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Na hapo ndipo tutaweza kuanza
leo katika muda tu.

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Kisha tutaweza kuchukua kuangalia programu.

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Tutaweza kuchukua kuangalia baadhi
constructs msingi

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na ambayo unaweza kuwa na mazoea
na hata kupata angavu kabisa.

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>> Tutaangalia, kwa kweli,
katika programu sampuli

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mazingira ambayo ni kupatikana sana,
playful sana, na kwa kweli walengwa

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kwa miaka 12 na up.

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Sisi kutumia dakika chache huko
na kisha kuchukua mambo kwa kiwango cha chini

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na kwa kweli majadiliano kuhusu baadhi ya
algorithms na data miundo,

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hivyo kusema, kwamba
programmers kawaida kutumia

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kutatua matatizo mbali zaidi
ufanisi zaidi kuliko unavyoweza

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kuwa na uwezo wa kufanya bila wao kabisa.

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Kisha baada ya chakula cha mchana, tutaweza kuangalia
katika mwingi teknolojia, ambayo ni tu

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njia dhana ya kusema
makusanyo ya teknolojia

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kwamba unaweza kutumia ili
kutatua tatizo fulani.

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Na tutaweza majadiliano juu ya alfabeti
supu ya lugha ambazo zipo today--

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Java na chatu na C ++ na PHP na
Ruby na kila aina ya mambo mengine.

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>> Tutaweza kuangalia kwa ufupi
katika chati ya kubuni.

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Programmers, baada ya muda,
na mbinu iliyopitishwa

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kwamba huwa na kuwasaidia
kutatua matatizo kwa urahisi zaidi.

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Baada ya kuanza kuona mwenyewe kuandika
aina hiyo ya kificho tena na tena,

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watu kurasimisha marudio wale
na majina wanampa yao

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na kisha kuzitumia na
kukuza yao, hatimaye.

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Na tutaweza kuzungumza kidogo
kuhusu mikakati ya mkononi,

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kama ni nini maana ya kweli
kufanya programu ya simu au tovuti ya mkononi.

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Je, kufanya hivyo kwa Android?

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Je, kufanya hivyo kwa ajili iOS?

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Je, kufanya hivyo kwa wote wa wale?

54
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Na nini biashara awamu ya pili?

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Na kisha hatimaye, tutaweza kuchukua
kuangalia programu ya mtandao, ambayo

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ni neno ya pamoja
kweli kuelezea wakati wowote

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wewe kuandika programu hiyo ni
maana ya kukimbia kwenye mtandao,

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iwapo kwenye simu au
kopyuta au Laptops.

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Tutaweza kuchukua kuangalia kifupi katika
database na kubuni

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ndani yake, kama tu kwa sababu karibu yoyote
kuvutia maombi mtandao msingi

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siku hizi ina aina fulani ya database.

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Vinginevyo, ingekuwa
tu kuwa maudhui tuli.

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Na database inaruhusu kufanya
mabadiliko ya muda, ikiwa wewe mwenyewe

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au kutoka kwa watumiaji.

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Na tutaweza kufikiria jinsi gani
aliamua kwenda juu ya kubuni

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kwamba database na aina ya jargon
ambayo inaweza kuja katika mhandisi

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majadiliano katika bodi nyeupe
wakati kweli kutekeleza

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programu kwa mara ya kwanza.

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>> Tutaweza majadiliano kwa ufupi juu
APIs, huduma muhimu

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kwamba unaweza kutumia kusimama juu
mabega ya wengine, iwe makampuni

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au watu binafsi, na kutatua yako
matatizo mwenyewe kwa haraka zaidi.

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Na kisha tutaweza dabble labda
kidogo na JavaScript,

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lugha ya programu hiyo ni kutumika
katika browsers siku zote mbili hizi, lakini pia

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katika servrar.

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Na pengine, tutaweza
kupitia upya, wakati kuruhusu,

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baadhi ya mikono juu ya mtandao mambo sisi
alivyofanya jana na kuunganisha mbili

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pamoja kabla ya sisi kuahirisha.

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>> Hivyo, pamoja na that-- nini ahead-- ni
kuna kitu kukosa kuwa wewe

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wangependa kuhakikisha sisi kuingiza
na kugusa juu wakati fulani.

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Kama ni chemchem akilini,
kuleta hadi kabla ya muda mrefu.

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Lakini kwa nini sio sisi kuanza na
kuangalia kufikiri computational.

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>> Na napenda kupendekeza kwamba
kufikiri computational ni, tena,

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aina ya maelezo ya kiwango cha juu ya
nini kompyuta mwanasayansi anaweza kufanya.

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Na hakika, hebu kuanza
na viungo tatu kwamba

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wanaweza kwenda katika kufikiri computational.

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Hii ni njia moja tu ya kuelezea yake.

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Tunaweza hakika kufafanua
hii katika idadi yoyote ya njia.

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>> Lakini napenda kupendekeza,
kwa ajili ya leo,

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kwamba matatizo duniani,
matatizo yote ya dunia,

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wakati akakaribia na
kompyuta mwanasayansi naweza

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kutazamwa kama nini tutaweza
wito pembejeo, ambayo

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haja ya kupata kulishwa ndani ya kile Tutamwita
algorithms, ambayo kisha mavuno mazao.

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Kwa maneno mengine, nzima
ulimwengu wa kutatua matatizo mimi madai

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inaweza kuwa distilled katika
viungo hizi tatu.

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Basi je, ina maana na pembejeo?

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Pembejeo ni yale tu uko
mitupu ili kutatua.

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>> Kwa mfano, hapa ni
Tatizo umri wa shule.

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Kama mimi na kitabu cha simu hapa na
Nataka kuangalia kitu ndani yake,

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hii ni mchango wangu.

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Nina 1,000 au hivyo
kurasa katika kitabu cha simu.

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Hii ni pembejeo kwa tatizo langu.

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Na mimi nataka kupata kitu
kama Mike Smith, hivyo rafiki

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jina lake na idadi ni
hopefully katika kitabu hiki mahali.

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>> Hii ni kabla ya siku za kiini
simu, hivyo siwezi tu kutafuta kwa ajili yake.

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Hivyo nina kufanya hivyo umri
shule na kwa kweli search

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00:04:38,540 --> 00:04:41,331
pembejeo hizi kwa baadhi jibu.

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Na jibu kwamba ni kwenda tu
kuitwa pato.

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Hivyo pembejeo ni kitabu cha simu.

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algorithm ni chochote seti ya
hatua mimi kutumia ili kupata Mike Smith.

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Na pato ni, hopefully,
Mike Smith namba ya simu.

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Na hii basi itakuwa tu
mwakilishi wa zaidi tatizo lolote

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kwa pamoja na wewe ni pembejeo mitupu
na wanataka kuzalisha mazao.

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>> Hivyo kabla ya sisi kufikiria mchakato
ambayo tunaweza kutatua tatizo hilo,

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kutafuta Mike Smith na
kitu kama hicho,

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hebu fikiria kwanza na
last-- pembejeo na mazao.

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Kimwili, bila shaka, pembejeo hapa
ni rundo zima la karatasi glued pamoja

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katika mfumo wa kitabu cha simu.

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Lakini kompyuta, Laptops kozi hii
na kopyuta na hata simu

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hizi days-- hizo ni
vifaa vya umeme.

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>> Na mwisho wa siku, nini
pembejeo tu kwa kompyuta?

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Naam, ni kitu kama
hii kamba ya nguvu hapa.

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Mimi kuziba ndani ya ukuta, na
Mimi kupata mtiririko wa elektroni,

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ambayo inaruhusu mimi kuendesha mashine.

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Au labda elektroni hizo ni
kuundwa kwa njia ya betri yangu.

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Lakini mwisho wa siku, hiyo ni
Kitu pekee kwenda katika laptop yangu.

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Na hivyo mengi ya kuvutia
mambo ni hatimaye

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kuja nje, iwe
kwa njia ya printer

128
00:05:37,480 --> 00:05:40,320
au screen au audially au kama.

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>> Hivyo kama wote tuna kama yetu
msingi pembejeo kwa kompyuta

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ni umeme, hivyo tu
elektroni kwenda katika na au nje,

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na hivyo ni jinsi gani tunaweza kutumia kwamba pembejeo
kwa kweli kuwakilisha habari?

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Kwa maneno mengine, jinsi gani sisi kupata
kutoka kati yake rahisi ya umeme

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kwa anayewakilisha halisi
idadi au barua halisi

134
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au picha halisi juu ya screen
au sinema halisi au e-mails

135
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au idadi yoyote ya hizi
kiwango cha dhana ya juu,

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kama wewe, kwamba katika
mwisho wa siku kwa namna fulani

137
00:06:07,680 --> 00:06:11,950
kuwa na kuhifadhiwa katika hili
umeme mitambo kifaa

138
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kutumia wale tu ingredients-- rahisi
elektroni akiingia ndani na nje?

139
00:06:16,260 --> 00:06:19,530
>> Hivyo inaweza kuonekana kuwa,
katika fomu rahisi,

140
00:06:19,530 --> 00:06:23,260
aina tu ya majimbo
Nina katika dunia yangu, hivyo

141
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kwa speak-- hali
katika world-- yangu ni ama

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Nina elektroni inapita, umeme
inapita, au nifanye nini not-- kadhalika, mbali.

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Na hebu kurasimisha na mbali,
kama kompyuta mwanasayansi ili,

144
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na tu 1 na 0.

145
00:06:37,255 --> 00:06:39,880
Hebu tu kuelezea baadhi holela
lakini thabiti idadi yake.

146
00:06:39,880 --> 00:06:41,970
1 ina maana juu, 0 ina maana mbali.

147
00:06:41,970 --> 00:06:45,427
Au unaweza pia kuona hii kama
njia ya kweli juu ya njia na uongo.

148
00:06:45,427 --> 00:06:47,510
Pia unaweza kufanya nyeusi
na nyeupe au nyekundu na bluu.

149
00:06:47,510 --> 00:06:48,759
Wewe tu haja descriptors mbili.

150
00:06:48,759 --> 00:06:52,240
Na wanasayansi wa kompyuta ingekuwa
ujumla tu kutumia 0 na 1.

151
00:06:52,240 --> 00:06:58,980
>> Hivyo kama hiyo kesi, alfabeti yangu tu
ni yenye 0 na 1 ya, jinsi

152
00:06:58,980 --> 00:07:03,360
nitaweza uwezekano wa kupata na hata idadi
2 katika kompyuta, achilia namba 3

153
00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:06,140
au barua ya alfabeti
au picha au movie?

154
00:07:06,140 --> 00:07:08,910
Jinsi gani sisi aina ya bootstrap
wenyewe kutoka kanuni hii ya msingi

155
00:07:08,910 --> 00:07:12,080
ya 0 na 1 ya kweli na
kuwakilisha kitu zaidi ya kuvutia?

156
00:07:12,080 --> 00:07:14,430
>> Naam, hebu kuweka swali kwamba
juu ya umiliki kwa muda tu

157
00:07:14,430 --> 00:07:17,520
na kufikiria kitu
hopefully utambuzi,

158
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hata kama wewe si kweli mawazo kuhusu
ni kwa undani yoyote kwa 10, 20, 30, 40, 50

159
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Miaka zaidi.

160
00:07:22,520 --> 00:07:24,780
Hii ni nini?

161
00:07:24,780 --> 00:07:28,050
Jinsi gani unaweza kutamka kwamba?

162
00:07:28,050 --> 00:07:30,770
Si swali hila.

163
00:07:30,770 --> 00:07:32,950
idadi, lakini ni nini?

164
00:07:32,950 --> 00:07:34,842
1, 2, 3, au 123.

165
00:07:34,842 --> 00:07:37,800
Na mimi walipenda jinsi alisema 1, 2, 3,
sababu hiyo ndiyo njia moja ya kuangalia hilo.

166
00:07:37,800 --> 00:07:39,870
1, 2, 3, ni mlolongo
ya alama tatu.

167
00:07:39,870 --> 00:07:42,005
Ni picha kwamba sisi
sasa wana maneno kwa.

168
00:07:42,005 --> 00:07:44,880
Na kama wewe aina ya kuyasoma yote
pamoja, kawaida ya binadamu katika Kiingereza

169
00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:46,600
kusema 123.

170
00:07:46,600 --> 00:07:48,350
Na hiyo ni aina ya
kiwango cha juu dhana,

171
00:07:48,350 --> 00:07:50,340
anahisi kama idadi ya sababu kubwa.

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>> Lakini jinsi gani sisi kupata huko?

173
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Naam, inaweza kuwa wakati tangu
umefanya mawazo kuhusu hilo kama hii,

174
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lakini nyuma katika siku yangu, mimi
aina ya kujifunza hii

175
00:07:56,680 --> 00:08:01,030
kama safu ya 1, 10 ya
safu, na safu 100.

176
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Hivyo kama Lakisa anasema, ni
1, 2, 3, lakini pia ni 123.

177
00:08:06,400 --> 00:08:08,700
Lakini jinsi gani sisi kupata kutoka
zamani na mwisho?

178
00:08:08,700 --> 00:08:12,340
>> Naam, ungependa kawaida kufanya katika
safu 100, nina 1.

179
00:08:12,340 --> 00:08:14,794
Hivyo hiyo ni kama kusema mara 100 1.

180
00:08:14,794 --> 00:08:16,210
Na kisha katika safu 10, mimi kuwa na 2.

181
00:08:16,210 --> 00:08:18,464
Hivyo hiyo ni kama kusema 10 mara 2.

182
00:08:18,464 --> 00:08:19,630
Katika safu ya 1 ya, nina 3.

183
00:08:19,630 --> 00:08:21,720
Hivyo hiyo ni kama kusema 1 mara 3.

184
00:08:21,720 --> 00:08:24,290
>> Na kama mimi kuongeza mambo haya
pamoja, hii, bila shaka,

185
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ni 100 plus 10 plus 3.

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00:08:27,470 --> 00:08:31,750
Na oh, kwamba ni kwa nini mimi kupata hii
kiwango cha juu dhana ya 123.

187
00:08:31,750 --> 00:08:37,220
Ni haki ya msingi math, ambapo hivi
alama na uzito kwao, kama wewe

188
00:08:37,220 --> 00:08:39,620
itakuwa, placeholder au maadili safu.

189
00:08:39,620 --> 00:08:42,090
Na mara moja mimi kuzidisha kila kitu
nje, mimi kupata idadi hii.

190
00:08:42,090 --> 00:08:47,840
>> Hivyo ni jinsi wengi wenu kujua jinsi ya kuzungumza
binary-- 0 na 1's-- kama kompyuta?

191
00:08:47,840 --> 00:08:50,410
OK, kamili, hakuna mtu, au
hakuna hata mmoja unafikiri kufanya.

192
00:08:50,410 --> 00:08:52,550
Lakini napenda kudai wewe
kweli kujua hii tayari.

193
00:08:52,550 --> 00:08:55,330
Sisi tu haja ya aina ya tweak
mtindo wetu wa akili kidogo.

194
00:08:55,330 --> 00:08:57,250
Lakini mchakato ni sawa.

195
00:08:57,250 --> 00:09:01,460
>> Basi mimi kuondoka hii moja hadi pale na
badala kuvuta hii chini kwa muda.

196
00:09:01,460 --> 00:09:05,060
Katika dunia ya kompyuta,
sisi tu 0 na 1 ya.

197
00:09:05,060 --> 00:09:07,240
Na hivyo hiyo ni jambo la
kwenda na mabadiliko ni nini?

198
00:09:07,240 --> 00:09:10,920
Naam, katika dunia yangu binadamu,
mfumo decimal, Desemba maana 10,

199
00:09:10,920 --> 00:09:12,740
Nina tarakimu wangapi ovyo yangu?

200
00:09:12,740 --> 00:09:15,270

201
00:09:15,270 --> 00:09:16,540
10, sawa?

202
00:09:16,540 --> 00:09:17,880
0 kupitia 9, bila shaka.

203
00:09:17,880 --> 00:09:21,210
>> Na kwamba ni kwa nini tuna
10 ya nafasi na mahali 100.

204
00:09:21,210 --> 00:09:22,380
Ambapo ni kwamba kuja kutoka?

205
00:09:22,380 --> 00:09:24,430
Naam, hii ni 10 kwa nguvu ya 0.

206
00:09:24,430 --> 00:09:28,440
Hii ni 10 kwa nguvu ya 1, 10
kwa nguvu ya 2, na kadhalika.

207
00:09:28,440 --> 00:09:32,110
Wewe tu kuweka kuzidisha nguzo yako
na 10, kuanzia mbali na tu 1

208
00:09:32,110 --> 00:09:33,700
katika moja rightmost hapa.

209
00:09:33,700 --> 00:09:35,490
>> Hivyo katika ulimwengu wa
kompyuta, kama wewe tu

210
00:09:35,490 --> 00:09:39,600
na binary-- bi maana
2-- au 0 na 1 ya, sisi tu

211
00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:42,420
kweli haja ya kubadili
msingi wa hisabati hiyo.

212
00:09:42,420 --> 00:09:46,410
Hivyo kwa maneno mengine, sasa tutaweza tu
na safu ya 1 na the--

213
00:09:46,410 --> 00:09:51,270
ambapo ni hii going-- safu ya 2 ya,
4 ya safu, na labda zaidi.

214
00:09:51,270 --> 00:09:52,250
Kwanini hivyo?

215
00:09:52,250 --> 00:09:55,650
Naam, hii ni 2 nguvu 0-th.

216
00:09:55,650 --> 00:09:57,270
Hii ni 2 1.

217
00:09:57,270 --> 00:09:59,610
Hii ni 2 hadi 2, na kadhalika.

218
00:09:59,610 --> 00:10:04,910
>> Hivyo ambapo hapa, tuna 1, 10 ya,
100, 1,000 ', 10,000 wa, 100,000 ya, 1

219
00:10:04,910 --> 00:10:10,560
mamilioni, na kadhalika, hapa
tuna 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64.

220
00:10:10,560 --> 00:10:13,950
Wewe tu kuweka kuzidisha na 2,
badala ya kuweka kuzidisha na 10.

221
00:10:13,950 --> 00:10:16,780
Hivyo sasa, kama lengo katika
mkono ni kuwakilisha

222
00:10:16,780 --> 00:10:20,240
idadi kwa kutumia tu 0 na 1 ya,
hebu fikiria jinsi sisi kupata huko.

223
00:10:20,240 --> 00:10:26,540
>> Hii, bila shaka, ni mfano 0
0 0, lakini nini idadi conceptually

224
00:10:26,540 --> 00:10:27,490
gani kuwakilisha?

225
00:10:27,490 --> 00:10:35,430
Naam, mara 4 0 plus 2 mara 0 plus
1 mara 0, hebu kuongeza wale pamoja.

226
00:10:35,430 --> 00:10:40,030
Mara 4 0 ni, bila shaka, 0, plus 2
mara 0 ni, bila shaka, 0 plus 1 mara 0

227
00:10:40,030 --> 00:10:40,850
Ni, bila shaka, 0.

228
00:10:40,850 --> 00:10:44,910
Hivyo ah, hii inawakilisha
idadi sisi binadamu kujua kama 0.

229
00:10:44,910 --> 00:10:47,810
>> Naam, sasa, hebu sana
haraka kufunga mbele.

230
00:10:47,810 --> 00:10:53,600
Kama mimi nina badala si anayewakilisha
0 0 0, lakini hebu kufanya 1 0 1,

231
00:10:53,600 --> 00:10:57,010
hiyo inaweza kuwa ni jinsi Lakisa, awali,
ingekuwa tu kutamka hivyo 1 0 1.

232
00:10:57,010 --> 00:11:01,020
Lakini sasa, ni jinsi gani sisi kuchukua kwa juu
ngazi idadi sisi wanadamu wapate kujua?

233
00:11:01,020 --> 00:11:04,220
Kwa hiyo kile ni idadi hii?

234
00:11:04,220 --> 00:11:06,060
Ni 5, idadi tunajua kama 5.

235
00:11:06,060 --> 00:11:06,870
>> Naam, kwa nini ni kwamba?

236
00:11:06,870 --> 00:11:09,620
Naam, tunaweza kweli ni aina ya
kutembea kwa njia hiyo methodically

237
00:11:09,620 --> 00:11:14,880
Mara 4 1, 2 mara 0, 1 mara 1.

238
00:11:14,880 --> 00:11:19,880
Kuongeza wale pamoja, hivyo
hii ni 4 pamoja 0 plus 1.

239
00:11:19,880 --> 00:11:21,577
Na kwamba ni, kwa kweli, 5.

240
00:11:21,577 --> 00:11:24,660
Hivyo ni kupata kidogo tedious sasa
kufanya hesabu tena na tena.

241
00:11:24,660 --> 00:11:26,300
Lakini mchakato ni sawa.

242
00:11:26,300 --> 00:11:28,380
>> Kitu pekee ambayo ina
iliyopita katika dunia yetu

243
00:11:28,380 --> 00:11:32,740
ni kwamba nguzo zetu ni 1, 2, 4, 8, 16,
na kadhalika, badala ya 1, 10, 100,

244
00:11:32,740 --> 00:11:33,740
1,000.

245
00:11:33,740 --> 00:11:40,000
Na kwamba tu kwa sababu alfabeti yetu ina
imepungua kutoka 0 kupitia 9 ili tu 0 kwa 1.

246
00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:50,851
>> Hivyo kama jaribio kidogo hapa, jinsi gani
wewe kuwakilisha namba 7 katika binary?

247
00:11:50,851 --> 00:11:51,350
0?

248
00:11:51,350 --> 00:11:53,490
Naam, 0, maana 0 0 0?

249
00:11:53,490 --> 00:11:58,140

250
00:11:58,140 --> 00:11:59,693
Sema tena, Karina.

251
00:11:59,693 --> 00:12:03,010

252
00:12:03,010 --> 00:12:03,550
Perfect.

253
00:12:03,550 --> 00:12:04,370
Kwanini hivyo?

254
00:12:04,370 --> 00:12:08,530
Ni kwa ufanisi 4 plus 2 plus 1.

255
00:12:08,530 --> 00:12:09,580
Mzuru sana.

256
00:12:09,580 --> 00:12:14,364
>> Jinsi gani sisi kuwakilisha kidogo
another-- vipi kuhusu idadi 2?

257
00:12:14,364 --> 00:12:18,360

258
00:12:18,360 --> 00:12:20,690
Karibu, lakini nyuma.

259
00:12:20,690 --> 00:12:21,660
Hivyo ni nini hii?

260
00:12:21,660 --> 00:12:26,290
Ni 4 pamoja na 1, hivyo hiyo ni 5 tena.

261
00:12:26,290 --> 00:12:28,310
>> Hivyo what's-- Samahani, Karina?

262
00:12:28,310 --> 00:12:29,220
0 1 0.

263
00:12:29,220 --> 00:12:34,762
0 1 0 itakuwa 2, kwa sababu tena, hata
kama ni aina ya haina kuruka nje saa wewe,

264
00:12:34,762 --> 00:12:35,470
tu kufanya math.

265
00:12:35,470 --> 00:12:40,390
Mara 4 0, 0, 2 mara
1 ni 2, 1 mara 0 ni 0.

266
00:12:40,390 --> 00:12:42,830
Hivyo hii ni idadi tunajua kama 2.

267
00:12:42,830 --> 00:12:44,030
>> Jinsi kuhusu idadi 8?

268
00:12:44,030 --> 00:12:51,240

269
00:12:51,240 --> 00:12:52,730
Hm?

270
00:12:52,730 --> 00:12:53,330
Nzuri.

271
00:12:53,330 --> 00:12:56,130
Hivyo sisi aina ya haja placeholder mwingine.

272
00:12:56,130 --> 00:12:59,570
Tunahitaji 1 0 0 0.

273
00:12:59,570 --> 00:13:02,280
Na kwamba ni kweli ya aina yetu
ya mfumo wa zamani shule decimal.

274
00:13:02,280 --> 00:13:05,280
Jinsi gani unaweza kuwakilisha idadi 1000?

275
00:13:05,280 --> 00:13:08,480
>> Naam, ninyi bila ya kuonekana kuwa
aina ya katika doa mgumu,

276
00:13:08,480 --> 00:13:10,390
kama kuuliza wewe kuwakilisha
idadi 1000,

277
00:13:10,390 --> 00:13:14,960
kwa sababu hata kama wewe kutoa mwenyewe kama
9 ya haya, 9 kati ya hawa, 0 cha vitu hivi,

278
00:13:14,960 --> 00:13:18,730
ambayo ni idadi kubwa wewe
kuwa, hakuwa na kabisa kupata 1,000.

279
00:13:18,730 --> 00:13:26,920
Hivyo kama wewe 1,000, wewe tu haja mwingine
msimamo, ili uweze kufanya 1 0 0 0,

280
00:13:26,920 --> 00:13:29,460
ergo idadi 1,000.

281
00:13:29,460 --> 00:13:34,200
>> Hivyo sasa, hebu map aina hii ya
mjadala wa dhana nyuma ya vifaa,

282
00:13:34,200 --> 00:13:37,470
ambapo tena, pembejeo mara tu
hii kidogo nguvu cable, umeme

283
00:13:37,470 --> 00:13:39,300
akiingia ndani na inapita nje.

284
00:13:39,300 --> 00:13:44,740
Na hivyo kwa kuwa mapped kutoka hapa
uende pale, vizuri, je, sisi kweli wanahitaji?

285
00:13:44,740 --> 00:13:49,460
Naam, unaweza kufikiria kuwa ndani ya
kompyuta, rundo zima la balbu mwanga,

286
00:13:49,460 --> 00:13:50,450
kama wewe.

287
00:13:50,450 --> 00:13:52,040
Wao ni kweli aitwaye transistors.

288
00:13:52,040 --> 00:13:55,121
Na transistors ni swichi tu
ambayo yanaweza ama kuwa juu au mbali.

289
00:13:55,121 --> 00:13:56,870
Hivyo unaweza kufikiria
transistor hiyo ni juu ya

290
00:13:56,870 --> 00:14:00,730
ni kuruhusu umeme kati yake na
transistor hiyo ni mbali kama kuacha

291
00:14:00,730 --> 00:14:02,170
umeme kutoka inapita.

292
00:14:02,170 --> 00:14:04,130
Na badala ya kuchukua
juu ya taa hapa,

293
00:14:04,130 --> 00:14:06,450
kwa nini sio mimi kufanya aina hii
ya mtindo mpya shule.

294
00:14:06,450 --> 00:14:11,360
Hivyo hii inaweza kuwa 1, tochi
kuwa juu, vigumu tu ingawa.

295
00:14:11,360 --> 00:14:14,050
Na hii inaweza kuwa 0, na sasa ni mbali.

296
00:14:14,050 --> 00:14:18,277
>> Hivyo kwa kutumia kifaa hiki kimwili, mimi
sasa wanaweza kuwakilisha mfumo binary.

297
00:14:18,277 --> 00:14:19,235
Mimi tu haja ya nchi mbili.

298
00:14:19,235 --> 00:14:21,660
Haijalishi nini
rangi yake ni au ni nini.

299
00:14:21,660 --> 00:14:25,920
Ya muhimu ni kwamba nina
hali moja juu ya hali na nyingine mbali.

300
00:14:25,920 --> 00:14:30,605
Hivyo kwa kutumia simu yangu hapa, jinsi gani mimi
kuwakilisha idadi tunajua kama 0?

301
00:14:30,605 --> 00:14:34,490

302
00:14:34,490 --> 00:14:38,550
Au kuweka equivalently, nini
idadi mimi anayewakilisha sasa?

303
00:14:38,550 --> 00:14:39,810
0, kwa sababu kifaa ni mbali.

304
00:14:39,810 --> 00:14:41,560
>> Na kama mimi kufanya hili?

305
00:14:41,560 --> 00:14:43,583
Na sasa, jinsi gani mimi
kuwakilisha idadi 2?

306
00:14:43,583 --> 00:14:46,380

307
00:14:46,380 --> 00:14:50,930
Naweza kukopa simu yako
hapa, kama tulivyofanya jana?

308
00:14:50,930 --> 00:14:58,490
Basi hebu angalia, hivyo kama nataka kuwakilisha
namba 2, hii ni idadi 2?

309
00:14:58,490 --> 00:14:59,050
Hakuna

310
00:14:59,050 --> 00:15:02,250
Nini idadi am Mimi ajali
anayewakilisha hapa?

311
00:15:02,250 --> 00:15:03,550
Hii ni kweli namba 3.

312
00:15:03,550 --> 00:15:05,008
>> Hivyo ambayo moja mimi nataka kuzima?

313
00:15:05,008 --> 00:15:09,634
simu mweusi or-- vizuri, kama they're--
simu mweusi au simu nyeupe?

314
00:15:09,634 --> 00:15:10,300
simu nyeupe.

315
00:15:10,300 --> 00:15:17,020
Hivyo kama mimi kugeuka mbali hii na sisi
line it up juu hapa, tuna 1

316
00:15:17,020 --> 00:15:19,487
mahali 2 na
0 katika mahali 1 ya.

317
00:15:19,487 --> 00:15:21,195
Na hivyo mimi nina sasa
anayewakilisha namba 2.

318
00:15:21,195 --> 00:15:24,680
Na hii, Bila shaka, itakuwa ni idadi
3, kwa sababu sasa wote wawili wa taa haya

319
00:15:24,680 --> 00:15:25,350
ni juu.

320
00:15:25,350 --> 00:15:27,480
>> Na mimi itabidi kuacha hapa,
lakini anasimama kwa sababu

321
00:15:27,480 --> 00:15:31,100
kama nataka kuwakilisha
namba 4 au 8 au ya juu,

322
00:15:31,100 --> 00:15:32,529
Mimi nina kwenda haja simu zaidi.

323
00:15:32,529 --> 00:15:33,820
Lakini hiyo ni yote kinaendelea.

324
00:15:33,820 --> 00:15:37,800
Hivyo kama umefanya umewahi kusikia kwamba
ndani ya a-- kuwashukuru kompyuta you--

325
00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:42,269
ni mamilioni ya transistors, hiyo ni
tu mamilioni ya swichi kidogo kidogo.

326
00:15:42,269 --> 00:15:44,310
Na wao siyo mwanga
balbu kwamba kugeuka na mbali,

327
00:15:44,310 --> 00:15:48,340
lakini hawana ama kuruhusu umeme
kati yake mahali fulani au kuacha ni.

328
00:15:48,340 --> 00:15:52,140
Na hivyo kuna mbili yako
states-- juu au mbali, juu au mbali.

329
00:15:52,140 --> 00:15:55,730
>> Hivyo tunataka kuonekana sasa
kuwa na uwezo huu

330
00:15:55,730 --> 00:16:00,590
kuiwakilisha dhana hii kwamba
tunatarajia katika vifaa halisi.

331
00:16:00,590 --> 00:16:05,520
Lakini yote sisi sasa ni uwezo
kwa kuwakilisha idadi inaweza kuonekana.

332
00:16:05,520 --> 00:16:08,580
Hivyo ni jinsi gani sisi kwenda juu anayewakilisha
herufi za alfabeti, ambayo

333
00:16:08,580 --> 00:16:12,310
anahisi kama aina ya pili ya kipengele
wanataka kuongeza kwa kompyuta za kisasa

334
00:16:12,310 --> 00:16:14,280
mara moja una namba?

335
00:16:14,280 --> 00:16:16,930
>> Na hakika, kama wewe kufikiri juu
hivyo, kihistoria, kompyuta

336
00:16:16,930 --> 00:16:19,426
walikuwa kuletwa kweli ya kuwatumikia
kama calculators numerically.

337
00:16:19,426 --> 00:16:21,300
Lakini bila shaka, hizi
siku, wao kufanya mengi zaidi.

338
00:16:21,300 --> 00:16:23,799
Hata wakati wao Boot juu, wewe
kawaida kuona maneno moja au zaidi.

339
00:16:23,799 --> 00:16:27,420
Hivyo ni jinsi gani kuwakilisha maneno,
kama wote una ni, tena,

340
00:16:27,420 --> 00:16:31,054
umeme mwishoni mwa
siku, au equivalently 0 na 1 ya?

341
00:16:31,054 --> 00:16:34,430

342
00:16:34,430 --> 00:16:35,690
>> Yeah.

343
00:16:35,690 --> 00:16:38,320
Yeah, I mean, sisi aina ya alifanya
jana huu kwa namna fulani,

344
00:16:38,320 --> 00:16:40,200
ambapo wakati fulani,
Nadhani kiholela

345
00:16:40,200 --> 00:16:46,741
Alisema kuwa, kama tunataka kuwakilisha
barua A, tunaweza tu wito kwamba 1.

346
00:16:46,741 --> 00:16:49,990
Ilikuwa katika mazingira ya cryptography,
ambapo sisi tu inahitajika aina fulani ya kanuni,

347
00:16:49,990 --> 00:16:51,160
aina fulani ya ramani.

348
00:16:51,160 --> 00:16:56,680
>> Hivyo labda A itawakilishwa kama
1, na B itawakilishwa kama 2,

349
00:16:56,680 --> 00:17:01,560
na Z itawakilishwa
kama 26, kwa mfano.

350
00:17:01,560 --> 00:17:07,430
Na kisha caveat tu ni kwamba kama mimi nina
kwenda encode barua katika barua pepe yangu

351
00:17:07,430 --> 00:17:10,430
au katika ujumbe wangu Nakala
kama namba, nyote

352
00:17:10,430 --> 00:17:12,640
na kukubaliana kutumia
sawa seti ya mikataba.

353
00:17:12,640 --> 00:17:14,619
Na hakika, dunia
amefanya hasa kwamba.

354
00:17:14,619 --> 00:17:18,040
>> Kuna mfumo katika dunia
aitwaye ASCII, American Standard

355
00:17:18,040 --> 00:17:21,640
Kanuni Mabadilishano ya Habari,
ambayo ni tu uamuzi baadhi ya miaka

356
00:17:21,640 --> 00:17:25,720
iliyopita kwamba binadamu alifanya kwamba
aliamua kwamba A ni kwenda sawa, si

357
00:17:25,720 --> 00:17:32,260
1, 2, na 26, na hivyo sana aliye mzaa ni
kidogo different-- lakini 65, 66, 67.

358
00:17:32,260 --> 00:17:34,010
Na mimi itabidi kuvuta up
chati katika muda tu.

359
00:17:34,010 --> 00:17:34,580
Lakini ni holela.

360
00:17:34,580 --> 00:17:36,329
Lakini haijalishi
kwamba ni holela.

361
00:17:36,329 --> 00:17:38,620
dunia ina kuwa tu thabiti.

362
00:17:38,620 --> 00:17:40,540
>> Sasa, hivi karibuni zaidi,
kuna kitu fancier

363
00:17:40,540 --> 00:17:45,430
aitwaye Unicode, kwa sababu aina duniani
ya barabara, baada ya kubuni kompyuta,

364
00:17:45,430 --> 00:17:50,977
kwamba kuna zaidi ya vizuri
256 alama katika dunia

365
00:17:50,977 --> 00:17:53,560
kwamba sisi kutaka kuwakilisha,
hasa wakati wewe kuanzisha

366
00:17:53,560 --> 00:17:58,420
lugha za Asia na symbologies mengine
kwamba haja expressiveness zaidi kuliko wewe

367
00:17:58,420 --> 00:18:02,150
inaweza kufaa katika toleo mwanzo wa
kanuni hii, ambayo ilikuwa inaitwa ASCII.

368
00:18:02,150 --> 00:18:05,250
Hivyo Unicode kweli inaruhusu
wewe kutumia zaidi ya 0 na 2.

369
00:18:05,250 --> 00:18:08,830
Hasa, wewe kushika kusikia
neno ka katika jamii na hata tu

370
00:18:08,830 --> 00:18:09,400
jana.

371
00:18:09,400 --> 00:18:12,040
Na byte ni nini tena?

372
00:18:12,040 --> 00:18:14,840
>> Nini Byte?

373
00:18:14,840 --> 00:18:15,700
Ni bits 8 tu.

374
00:18:15,700 --> 00:18:17,150
Basi ni nini kwamba kweli maana?

375
00:18:17,150 --> 00:18:22,400
Naam, hiyo ina maana, awali, tulipokuwa
kuzungumza juu ya binary na nilikuwa kutumia

376
00:18:22,400 --> 00:18:28,010
kiholela bits tatu tulipokuwa
kuzungumza juu ya binary-- mahali 1 ya,

377
00:18:28,010 --> 00:18:33,600
2 ya mahali, na 4 ya place-- vizuri,
Byte tu ina maana kwamba wewe ni kuzungumza

378
00:18:33,600 --> 00:18:38,730
si katika vitengo ya tatu lakini
nne, tano, sita, saba na nane,

379
00:18:38,730 --> 00:18:46,910
ambayo inatupa nafasi ya 8 ya,
16 ya, 32 ya, 64, na 128 ya.

380
00:18:46,910 --> 00:18:50,010
>> Kwa maneno mengine, kidogo si wote
kwamba manufaa kitengo cha kipimo,

381
00:18:50,010 --> 00:18:53,132
kwa sababu ni kama tu kidogo moja vidogo
kipande cha habari, juu au mbali.

382
00:18:53,132 --> 00:18:54,840
Hivyo baadhi ya miaka iliyopita,
dunia tu aliamua

383
00:18:54,840 --> 00:18:59,060
ni kidogo rahisi zaidi kuzungumza katika
suala la ka, mambo nane wakati huo.

384
00:18:59,060 --> 00:19:01,670
Na hivyo hivyo alizaliwa
dhana ya Byte.

385
00:19:01,670 --> 00:19:03,640
Na hivyo tuna bits nane hapa.

386
00:19:03,640 --> 00:19:06,810
>> Na zinageuka, pia, kwa hiyo
Sababu dunia aliamua miaka

387
00:19:06,810 --> 00:19:12,439
iliyopita kwamba kuwakilisha barua ASCII,
wewe ni kwenda kutumia vitengo ya 8 bits.

388
00:19:12,439 --> 00:19:14,230
Hivyo hata kama huna
haja ya kuwa mengi, uko

389
00:19:14,230 --> 00:19:18,130
daima kwenda kutumia bits 8 kwa
kuwakilisha barua ya alfabeti.

390
00:19:18,130 --> 00:19:20,950
Na hii ni rahisi,
kwa sababu kisha kama wewe

391
00:19:20,950 --> 00:19:28,720
kupokea ujumbe kwamba ina 0 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 kufuatiwa na mwingine 1 1 1 0 1 0

392
00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:33,320
0 1, hivyo kama wewe kupokea 16
bits, dunia Unaweza tu

393
00:19:33,320 --> 00:19:37,460
kudhani kuwa kwanza 8 ni barua moja
na ya pili 8 ni barua nyingine.

394
00:19:37,460 --> 00:19:39,240
>> Haijalishi jinsi kuna.

395
00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:41,460
Ni tu mambo kwamba
wote tuko thabiti

396
00:19:41,460 --> 00:19:42,950
wakati sisi ni kutafsiri bits hizi.

397
00:19:42,950 --> 00:19:44,377
Na hii ilikuwa tu random.

398
00:19:44,377 --> 00:19:47,210
Hiyo ina maana kitu, lakini mimi si
kweli kufikiri kuhusu nini maana yake.

399
00:19:47,210 --> 00:19:49,620
>> Hivyo ni ndogo nyeupe uongo.

400
00:19:49,620 --> 00:19:51,990
Awali, ASCII
kweli kutumika bits 7 tu.

401
00:19:51,990 --> 00:19:54,180
Na bit nane ni
aitwaye ASCII kupanuliwa.

402
00:19:54,180 --> 00:19:56,290
Lakini uhakika ni, hatimaye, sawa.

403
00:19:56,290 --> 00:19:58,850
dunia kwa ujumla
sanifu juu ya 8 bits.

404
00:19:58,850 --> 00:20:04,290
>> Hivyo hii inaweza kuonekana kuwa ni kidogo
kikwazo, kwa sababu siwezi tu

405
00:20:04,290 --> 00:20:07,970
kuwakilisha mji mkuu wa A,
mji mkuu B kupitia mji mkuu Z.

406
00:20:07,970 --> 00:20:10,940
Lakini kwa kweli si, kama mimi kwenda to--
kuna kundi la rasilimali

407
00:20:10,940 --> 00:20:13,695
online, kwa mfano,
asciitable.com, hii

408
00:20:13,695 --> 00:20:16,310
ni kwenda kuwa kidogo
balaa kwa mara ya kwanza.

409
00:20:16,310 --> 00:20:18,910
Lakini mimi itabidi kumweka nje
nini muhimu hapa.

410
00:20:18,910 --> 00:20:24,090
>> Hii hutokea tu be-- na mimi itabidi
walk-- hebu angalia, kama mimi kwenda zaidi ya hapa.

411
00:20:24,090 --> 00:20:27,990
Hapa ni, katika decimal
safu, idadi 65.

412
00:20:27,990 --> 00:20:32,201
Na upande wa kulia safu barua
tabia, Chr, ni barua A.

413
00:20:32,201 --> 00:20:34,450
Na unaweza kupuuza, kwa sasa,
kila kitu katikati.

414
00:20:34,450 --> 00:20:36,769
Hii ni hexadecimal,
octal, na HTML code.

415
00:20:36,769 --> 00:20:39,810
Kwa tovuti hii ni kujaribu tu kutupa
mengi ya habari saa wewe mara moja.

416
00:20:39,810 --> 00:20:42,970
Lakini yote sisi huduma ya juu ni decimal
safu na safu tabia.

417
00:20:42,970 --> 00:20:46,190
>> Hivyo kwa mantiki hii, ni nini
idadi hiyo dunia

418
00:20:46,190 --> 00:20:50,510
imeamua inawakilisha lowercase?

419
00:20:50,510 --> 00:20:52,230
Yeah, 97.

420
00:20:52,230 --> 00:20:55,850
Na tu kuwavurugia
uwezekano kidogo,

421
00:20:55,850 --> 00:21:03,715
nini idadi ina dunia aliamua
kitawakilisha namba 1?

422
00:21:03,715 --> 00:21:06,900

423
00:21:06,900 --> 00:21:10,910
Haki, kwa sababu we-- 49, inaonekana
hapa, chini katika chini kushoto.

424
00:21:10,910 --> 00:21:12,320
>> Sasa, je, mimi maana na kwamba?

425
00:21:12,320 --> 00:21:14,830
Hivyo zinageuka kuwa
katika mifumo ya kompyuta,

426
00:21:14,830 --> 00:21:16,840
kuna ujumla
tofauti ya msingi

427
00:21:16,840 --> 00:21:19,920
kati ya idadi na tabia.

428
00:21:19,920 --> 00:21:22,330
idadi ni jambo sisi
kujifunza kupanda juu wakati

429
00:21:22,330 --> 00:21:23,830
tulikuwa super vijana katika shule daraja.

430
00:21:23,830 --> 00:21:25,110
Ni mambo kuhesabu na.

431
00:21:25,110 --> 00:21:30,220
Lakini tabia ni tu sura,
glyph, hivyo kusema, juu ya screen.

432
00:21:30,220 --> 00:21:36,200
>> Sasa, sisi binadamu aina ya kuona
kitu ambacho inaonekana kama hii.

433
00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:39,060
Na sisi kusema, oh, kwamba ni idadi 2.

434
00:21:39,060 --> 00:21:44,999
Lakini hakuna, hiyo ni ishara kwamba inaonekana
kama kile sisi kujua kama namba 2.

435
00:21:44,999 --> 00:21:46,790
Na hivyo kuna hii
tofauti bayana

436
00:21:46,790 --> 00:21:50,340
kati ya idadi halisi na wahusika.

437
00:21:50,340 --> 00:21:52,130
Hii ni idadi.

438
00:21:52,130 --> 00:21:54,420
Lakini kwa ujumla, katika
mazingira ya kompyuta,

439
00:21:54,420 --> 00:21:56,809
kama wewe badala yake kuona
kitu kama quoted-- hii

440
00:21:56,809 --> 00:21:58,600
na wewe wala daima
na kuona ni alinukuliwa,

441
00:21:58,600 --> 00:22:01,474
lakini kwa ajili ya discussion-- kama
unaona quotes kuzunguka posta,

442
00:22:01,474 --> 00:22:02,730
hii sasa ni tabia.

443
00:22:02,730 --> 00:22:06,330
Hivyo idadi hii 2 chini
kofia ndani ya kompyuta

444
00:22:06,330 --> 00:22:12,220
itakuwa kuwakilishwa na muundo
ya bits kwamba kuwakilisha idadi

445
00:22:12,220 --> 00:22:14,850
50 kwa mujibu wa chati online.

446
00:22:14,850 --> 00:22:18,300
>> Hata hivyo, kama kompyuta
tu anaona hili, hii

447
00:22:18,300 --> 00:22:24,580
itakuwa kuwakilishwa na
mfano wa bit 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.

448
00:22:24,580 --> 00:22:29,595
Wakati ambapo, tabia hii ingekuwa
kweli kuwa kuwakilishwa as-- na sasa,

449
00:22:29,595 --> 00:22:34,710
I got kufikiri harder-- kidogo hivyo hii
tabia itakuwa kuwakilishwa na 0

450
00:22:34,710 --> 00:22:39,080
0 1-- je, mimi haja hapa?

451
00:22:39,080 --> 00:22:44,450
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0.

452
00:22:44,450 --> 00:22:45,480
Jinsi gani mimi kufanya hili?

453
00:22:45,480 --> 00:22:49,580
Naam hii ni idadi 50, kama wewe
kuzidisha ni kwa kutumia nguzo hizi,

454
00:22:49,580 --> 00:22:53,530
hii ni idadi 2, na hivyo
kwamba ni kwa nini kuna mgawanyiko huu.

455
00:22:53,530 --> 00:22:55,850
>> Na hii ni
teaser sasa kwa ajili ya makala

456
00:22:55,850 --> 00:22:59,710
ambazo zipo katika lugha ya programu
kwamba tutaweza kugusa juu kwa ufupi baadaye leo.

457
00:22:59,710 --> 00:23:01,950
Katika lugha ya programu,
una ujumla,

458
00:23:01,950 --> 00:23:04,495
lakini si mara zote, mambo
kuwaita aina mbalimbali data.

459
00:23:04,495 --> 00:23:06,870
Kwa maneno mengine, programmer--
wakati yeye au yeye ni kuandika,

460
00:23:06,870 --> 00:23:11,150
programu anapata kuamua katika kile
format kuhifadhi data yake.

461
00:23:11,150 --> 00:23:14,120
Unaweza ama kuhifadhi data kama
idadi mbichi, kama namba 2.

462
00:23:14,120 --> 00:23:17,940
Au unaweza kuhifadhi yao kama masharti,
au Utaratibu wa wahusika

463
00:23:17,940 --> 00:23:21,550
kwamba ingekuwa ujumla kueleza kwa
quotes katika lugha yako programu.

464
00:23:21,550 --> 00:23:25,230
>> Unaweza kuwa na mambo called--
Mimi itabidi oversimplify na kuwaita

465
00:23:25,230 --> 00:23:28,870
halisi numbers-- hivyo idadi ambayo
si integers kama namba 2,

466
00:23:28,870 --> 00:23:31,310
lakini idadi kama 4.56.

467
00:23:31,310 --> 00:23:33,490
Hivyo idadi halisi Unaweza pia
kuwa na pointi decimal,

468
00:23:33,490 --> 00:23:36,340
hivyo hiyo ni tofauti kimsingi
kipande cha data katika kompyuta.

469
00:23:36,340 --> 00:23:41,920
Na kisha unaweza hata kuwa na
aina nyingine data bado.

470
00:23:41,920 --> 00:23:45,810
Hivyo hiyo ni teaser kweli ya
rahisi ya kubuni maamuzi

471
00:23:45,810 --> 00:23:50,960
kwamba programu nguvu
kufanya chini ya Hood.

472
00:23:50,960 --> 00:23:52,925
>> Hivyo maswali yoyote tu bado?

473
00:23:52,925 --> 00:23:57,320

474
00:23:57,320 --> 00:23:59,860
Basi hebu jaribu kufanya
hii kidogo zaidi halisi.

475
00:23:59,860 --> 00:24:02,120
vifaa hii si
sana katika matumizi tena.

476
00:24:02,120 --> 00:24:07,420
Lakini wengi kila mtu katika chumba hiki pengine
ikakua na na bado anatumia anatoa ngumu

477
00:24:07,420 --> 00:24:08,010
kwa namna fulani.

478
00:24:08,010 --> 00:24:10,100
>> Hata ingawa wengi
Laptops wetu tena

479
00:24:10,100 --> 00:24:15,900
na vifaa kwamba kazi kama hii,
badala Laptops leo kwa ujumla

480
00:24:15,900 --> 00:24:18,590
na anatoa hali ngumu
na sehemu hakuna kusonga mbele.

481
00:24:18,590 --> 00:24:22,840
Na kwamba huelekea kuwa ghali zaidi,
kwa bahati mbaya, lakini kidogo kidogo kwa kasi

482
00:24:22,840 --> 00:24:27,230
na a-- vizuri, mara nyingi, mengi kwa kasi,
ambayo ni moja ya sababu.

483
00:24:27,230 --> 00:24:28,980
Na pia hana
kuzalisha joto kama mengi.

484
00:24:28,980 --> 00:24:31,680
Ni inaweza kuwa ndogo, hivyo ni
ujumla wavu chanya.

485
00:24:31,680 --> 00:24:35,030
>> Lakini hii inaruhusu sisi map
kidogo zaidi praktiken nini

486
00:24:35,030 --> 00:24:38,460
tunazungumzia saa 0 na
ngazi ya 1 ya sasa kwa kifaa kimwili.

487
00:24:38,460 --> 00:24:40,810
Ni jambo moja kwa ajili yangu na kuzungumza
kuhusu 0 na 1 ya katika suala

488
00:24:40,810 --> 00:24:43,990
ya simu yangu au abstractly katika suala
ya swichi kuwa na mbali.

489
00:24:43,990 --> 00:24:45,340
Lakini nini kuhusu anatoa ngumu?

490
00:24:45,340 --> 00:24:48,495
Katika Laptops yako, kama una wakubwa
moja, au katika kompyuta yako desktop,

491
00:24:48,495 --> 00:24:51,200
au bila ya shaka katika seva
leo, ambapo una

492
00:24:51,200 --> 00:24:53,070
anatoa ngumu kwamba kuwa
terabyte ya nafasi,

493
00:24:53,070 --> 00:24:55,560
4 terabytes ya nafasi,
vizuri hiyo ina maana gani?

494
00:24:55,560 --> 00:24:59,560
>> kuendesha gari kwa bidii na 1
terabyte ya njia nafasi

495
00:24:59,560 --> 00:25:03,890
kuna trilioni 1 ka
ndani yake kwa namna fulani,

496
00:25:03,890 --> 00:25:10,450
au equivalently trilioni 8 bits ndani.

497
00:25:10,450 --> 00:25:16,240
1 terabyte itakuwa 8 terabits
au trilioni 1 bits, ambayo

498
00:25:16,240 --> 00:25:19,330
ina maana kama una ngumu
gari, una namna fulani

499
00:25:19,330 --> 00:25:22,400
au nyingine trilioni 0 ya
na 1 ya ndani yake.

500
00:25:22,400 --> 00:25:25,360
Na kama sisi tu kuangalia
holela picha ya gari ngumu

501
00:25:25,360 --> 00:25:30,110
mwakilishi, hii ni nini ngumu
gari inaweza kawaida kuangalia kama ndani.

502
00:25:30,110 --> 00:25:32,600
>> Ni, pia, ni aina ya kama
umri wa mchezaji santuri

503
00:25:32,600 --> 00:25:35,350
lakini kwa ujumla na
rekodi nyingi ndani, hivyo

504
00:25:35,350 --> 00:25:38,270
kwa speak-- nyingi
platters, kama wao ni kuitwa,

505
00:25:38,270 --> 00:25:42,259
chuma mviringo disks, na
kisha mdogo wa kusoma kichwa,

506
00:25:42,259 --> 00:25:43,550
kiasi kama mchezaji wa zamani rekodi.

507
00:25:43,550 --> 00:25:46,589
Na kwamba kusoma kichwa hatua nyuma na
nje na kwa namna fulani anasoma bits.

508
00:25:46,589 --> 00:25:49,380
Na nini juu ya sahani hizi, hata
ingawa sisi binadamu huwezi kuwaona,

509
00:25:49,380 --> 00:25:52,757
ama katika hali halisi au katika picha hii,
kuna kidogo kidogo magnetic chembe.

510
00:25:52,757 --> 00:25:55,090
Na hata kama wameweza muda mrefu
wamesahau jinsi ya umeme kazi,

511
00:25:55,090 --> 00:25:57,550
chembe magnetic
hiyo kushtakiwa kwa ujumla

512
00:25:57,550 --> 00:26:00,570
ina mwisho kaskazini na kusini
end-- hivyo kaskazini na kusini.

513
00:26:00,570 --> 00:26:03,000
Na hivyo dunia tu
aliamua baadhi ya wakati uliopita

514
00:26:03,000 --> 00:26:06,570
kwamba, kama magnetic itifaki kimsingi
ni kompyuta kama hii, kaskazini na kusini,

515
00:26:06,570 --> 00:26:07,610
hebu simu kwamba 1.

516
00:26:07,610 --> 00:26:10,470
Kama ni badala ya kusini-kaskazini,
hebu tu wito kwamba 0.

517
00:26:10,470 --> 00:26:13,350
Na hivyo kama una
ovyo wako trilioni

518
00:26:13,350 --> 00:26:16,300
kidogo kidogo magnetic
particles-- na hopefully,

519
00:26:16,300 --> 00:26:18,740
vifaa ingenuity katika
Ili flip wale walio karibu

520
00:26:18,740 --> 00:26:24,450
kama unaweza kuona fit-- kama unataka
kuwakilisha rundo zima la 0, wewe

521
00:26:24,450 --> 00:26:28,120
tu haja 8 chembe magnetic
zote na kompyuta kama hii.

522
00:26:28,120 --> 00:26:30,330
Na kama unataka kuwakilisha
nane 1, wewe tu

523
00:26:30,330 --> 00:26:33,170
haja 8 chembe magnetic kompyuta
nyuma kwa nyuma kwa nyuma kama hii.

524
00:26:33,170 --> 00:26:35,515
>> Je, ina maana na
chembe magnetic?

525
00:26:35,515 --> 00:26:38,390
Kwa kweli, miaka yote hii baadaye,
Jambo kwamba bado anakuja kwa mawazo yangu

526
00:26:38,390 --> 00:26:42,139
ni guy hii, kama wewe
ikakua na jambo hili.

527
00:26:42,139 --> 00:26:43,930
Hii ni little-- kwa
wale a unfamiliar--

528
00:26:43,930 --> 00:26:47,810
kidogo utoto toy kwamba
ina mtu huyu hairless hapa

529
00:26:47,810 --> 00:26:51,690
ambayo ina hizi vidogo nyeusi wote kidogo
chembe magnetic kuwa kuja na hilo.

530
00:26:51,690 --> 00:26:53,930
Na kutumia kwamba fimbo nyekundu,
ambayo ni tu sumaku,

531
00:26:53,930 --> 00:26:58,460
unaweza aina ya kumpa masharubu au
eyebrows au nywele au kitu chochote juu yake.

532
00:26:58,460 --> 00:27:00,710
Hivyo kwa kweli, kama sisi zoom
katika, kwa mfano, hii

533
00:27:00,710 --> 00:27:02,950
ni aina ya mchezo wewe
Unaweza kucheza na Wooly Willy.

534
00:27:02,950 --> 00:27:06,570
>> Na hii ni tu kusema, hizi
ni kubwa chembe magnetic

535
00:27:06,570 --> 00:27:09,890
kuliko ni kweli kwenye gari ngumu,
na magnetic chembe mbali wachache.

536
00:27:09,890 --> 00:27:11,640
Lakini hebu kweli kuona
kisha kama huna kuwa na

537
00:27:11,640 --> 00:27:14,720
vidogo chembe magnetic katika
gari ngumu, jinsi gani unaweza kweli

538
00:27:14,720 --> 00:27:19,090
kutumia hizo kuiwakilisha data.

539
00:27:19,090 --> 00:27:20,070
>> [VIDEO avspelning]

540
00:27:20,070 --> 00:27:24,190
>> -The Gari ngumu ni ambapo PC yako
Maduka ya zaidi ya data wake wa kudumu.

541
00:27:24,190 --> 00:27:27,170
Ili kufanya hivyo, data
anasafiri kutoka RAM pamoja

542
00:27:27,170 --> 00:27:31,720
na ishara programu ambayo kuwaambia
ngumu kuendesha jinsi ya kuhifadhi kwamba data.

543
00:27:31,720 --> 00:27:36,570
ngumu kuendesha nyaya kutafsiri wale
ishara katika kushuka kwa thamani voltage.

544
00:27:36,570 --> 00:27:40,880
Hizi, kwa upande wake, kudhibiti kuendesha gari kwa bidii ya
kusonga parts-- baadhi ya wachache kusonga

545
00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:43,440
sehemu kushoto katika kompyuta ya kisasa.

546
00:27:43,440 --> 00:27:47,650
>> Baadhi ya dalili za kudhibiti motor,
ambayo spins chuma-coated platters.

547
00:27:47,650 --> 00:27:50,980
data yako ni kweli
kuhifadhiwa kwenye platters hizi.

548
00:27:50,980 --> 00:27:56,250
ishara nyingine kusonga kusoma / kuandika vichwa
kusoma wala kuandika data kwenye sahani.

549
00:27:56,250 --> 00:28:00,100
mashine hii ni hivyo sahihi
kwamba nywele za binadamu hakuweza hata

550
00:28:00,100 --> 00:28:02,800
kupita kati ya wakuu
na inazunguka platters.

551
00:28:02,800 --> 00:28:04,887
Hata hivyo, yote kazi kwa kasi kali.

552
00:28:04,887 --> 00:28:05,470
[MWISHO avspelning]

553
00:28:05,470 --> 00:28:06,780
Na unaweza kuona katika
mwisho wa mkia wa video,

554
00:28:06,780 --> 00:28:08,340
kwa ujumla kuna platters mbalimbali.

555
00:28:08,340 --> 00:28:10,250
Na ili kichwa kusoma
si kusoma tu juu.

556
00:28:10,250 --> 00:28:12,458
Ni aina ya kama tatu au
nne vichwa kusoma au zaidi

557
00:28:12,458 --> 00:28:14,920
kwamba hoja kama hii,
kusoma data wakati huo huo.

558
00:28:14,920 --> 00:28:17,407
>> Hivyo kuna mengi ya
utata na aina ya majira

559
00:28:17,407 --> 00:28:18,740
hiyo kushiriki katika gari ngumu.

560
00:28:18,740 --> 00:28:21,920
Na jambo ni inazunguka kweli darn
haraka, hivyo kuna mengi ya utata.

561
00:28:21,920 --> 00:28:25,220
Lakini hebu kuvuta undani kidogo na
kuona ambapo ni chembe hizi magnetic

562
00:28:25,220 --> 00:28:27,370
na jinsi ni sisi ni kupata katika wao.

563
00:28:27,370 --> 00:28:28,750
>> [VIDEO avspelning]

564
00:28:28,750 --> 00:28:31,830
>> kuangalia -Let ya nini sisi
niliona tu katika mwendo wa polepole.

565
00:28:31,830 --> 00:28:35,230
Wakati mapigo mafupi ya umeme
ni alimtuma kusoma / kuandika kichwa,

566
00:28:35,230 --> 00:28:39,000
flips juu ya umeme vidogo
kwa sehemu ya pili.

567
00:28:39,000 --> 00:28:41,390
sumaku inajenga
uwanja, ambayo mabadiliko

568
00:28:41,390 --> 00:28:44,600
polarity wa vidogo, vidogo
sehemu ya chembe chuma

569
00:28:44,600 --> 00:28:46,960
ambayo kanzu uso kila sahani ya.

570
00:28:46,960 --> 00:28:50,020
mfululizo mfano wa hayo vidogo
kushtakiwa up maeneo kwenye disk

571
00:28:50,020 --> 00:28:54,590
inawakilisha kidogo moja ya data katika
binary mfumo idadi kutumiwa na kompyuta.

572
00:28:54,590 --> 00:28:57,510
>> Sasa, kama sasa ni alimtuma moja
njia ya kupitia kusoma / kuandika kichwa,

573
00:28:57,510 --> 00:28:59,899
Eneo hilo ni polarized katika mwelekeo mmoja.

574
00:28:59,899 --> 00:29:01,940
Kama sasa ni alimtuma katika
mwelekeo kinyume,

575
00:29:01,940 --> 00:29:04,020
ubaguzi ni kuachwa.

576
00:29:04,020 --> 00:29:06,440
Jinsi gani unaweza kupata data mbali disk ngumu?

577
00:29:06,440 --> 00:29:08,190
Tu kubadili mchakato.

578
00:29:08,190 --> 00:29:10,440
Hivyo ni chembe juu ya
disk kwamba kupata sasa

579
00:29:10,440 --> 00:29:12,260
katika kusoma / kuandika kichwa kusonga mbele.

580
00:29:12,260 --> 00:29:14,580
Kuweka pamoja mamilioni ya
hizi makundi sumaku,

581
00:29:14,580 --> 00:29:16,220
na nimepata file.

582
00:29:16,220 --> 00:29:21,030
>> Sasa, vipande vya faili moja inaweza kuwa na
kutawanyika kila platters gari ya,

583
00:29:21,030 --> 00:29:24,060
aina ya kama fujo
ya magazeti juu ya dawati yako.

584
00:29:24,060 --> 00:29:27,590
Hivyo maalum ziada file anaendelea
wimbo wa ambapo kila kitu.

585
00:29:27,590 --> 00:29:30,440
Je, si wewe unataka alikuwa
kitu kama hicho?

586
00:29:30,440 --> 00:29:31,290
>> [MWISHO avspelning]

587
00:29:31,290 --> 00:29:36,260
>> Hivyo kuwa alidokeza huko, pengine, ni
kwamba mada kuanzia jana ya kufutwa.

588
00:29:36,260 --> 00:29:38,380
Wakati kufuta
file, jana tulisema

589
00:29:38,380 --> 00:29:41,020
kwamba kompyuta kweli anafanya
nini, wakati Drag kitu

590
00:29:41,020 --> 00:29:44,110
kwa Recycle bin au bin takataka?

591
00:29:44,110 --> 00:29:45,150
Ni tu anasahau yake.

592
00:29:45,150 --> 00:29:47,540
Lakini 0 na 1 ya,
chembe magnetic

593
00:29:47,540 --> 00:29:50,640
kwamba kuangalia kama nyekundu na bluu
mambo hapa, au mkono wangu hapa,

594
00:29:50,640 --> 00:29:52,350
bado kuna kwenye gari ngumu.

595
00:29:52,350 --> 00:29:56,090
>> Na hivyo kuna software--
Norton Utilities na Yesteryear

596
00:29:56,090 --> 00:29:58,159
na wengine zaidi ya kisasa
software-- kwamba tu

597
00:29:58,159 --> 00:30:01,200
mapenzi Scan nzima gari ngumu kuangalia
katika wale wote 0 na 1 ya, kwa sababu

598
00:30:01,200 --> 00:30:06,890
zinageuka kuwa zaidi file miundo tofauti--
Neno hati, files Excel, picha,

599
00:30:06,890 --> 00:30:10,380
video files-- wote wana fulani
chati ambayo ni ya kawaida kati yao.

600
00:30:10,380 --> 00:30:12,550
Kila faili video wapate
kuwa ya video tofauti,

601
00:30:12,550 --> 00:30:14,870
lakini kwanza kadhaa
bits ni kawaida sawa.

602
00:30:14,870 --> 00:30:16,790
Au mwisho bits kadhaa
ni kawaida sawa.

603
00:30:16,790 --> 00:30:19,910
>> Na hivyo pamoja na uwezekano mkubwa,
unaweza kuangalia kwa chati hizo.

604
00:30:19,910 --> 00:30:23,700
Na hata kama faili imekuwa wamesahau,
unaweza kusema na uwezekano mkubwa,

605
00:30:23,700 --> 00:30:28,460
lakini hii inaonekana kama hati Neno,
lets kuokoa yake na un-kusahau hayo,

606
00:30:28,460 --> 00:30:28,990
kama wewe.

607
00:30:28,990 --> 00:30:32,330
Na hivyo kwamba ni jinsi gani anaweza kupona
data hiyo ama wamekuwa ajali

608
00:30:32,330 --> 00:30:36,560
kufutwa au kufutwa au kwa makusudi
ilifutwa kwa madhumuni chochote.

609
00:30:36,560 --> 00:30:42,530
>> Kwa upande mwingine, salama deletion anafanya nini
katika mazingira ya picha kama hii?

610
00:30:42,530 --> 00:30:44,059
Hasa, inawafanya zote random.

611
00:30:44,059 --> 00:30:46,350
Hivyo ni aina ya hatua baadhi ya
yao chini, baadhi yao juu,

612
00:30:46,350 --> 00:30:49,433
majani baadhi yao bila kubadilika, na
ujumla hufanya kelele random nje ya hayo,

613
00:30:49,433 --> 00:30:52,960
au labda tu hufanya wote wa
nao 0 au wote 1 ya.

614
00:30:52,960 --> 00:30:56,350
Na kwamba pia unaweza ujumla
scrub data yako mbali.

615
00:30:56,350 --> 00:31:00,160
>> Basi hebu kurudi sasa kwa suala
ya kufikiri computational, ambapo

616
00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:03,270
tuna pembejeo formula.

617
00:31:03,270 --> 00:31:06,390
Na algorithms inatoa
wewe matokeo hatimaye.

618
00:31:06,390 --> 00:31:09,270
Sisi kulenga sasa katika pembejeo na
matokeo, kwa sababu sasa, mimi

619
00:31:09,270 --> 00:31:12,159
Madai tuna njia ya
anayewakilisha pembejeo na mazao.

620
00:31:12,159 --> 00:31:13,450
Sisi ni kwenda tu kutumia binary.

621
00:31:13,450 --> 00:31:15,910
>> Na bila kujali sisi
unataka kuwakilisha leo,

622
00:31:15,910 --> 00:31:20,230
kama ni idadi au barua
au maelfu vyake katika kitabu cha simu

623
00:31:20,230 --> 00:31:23,210
au picha au sinema, mwishoni
ya siku, ni wote 0 na 1 ya.

624
00:31:23,210 --> 00:31:26,640
Na mimi kudai kwamba, ingawa hii
ni dunia super rahisi na ya 0 tu

625
00:31:26,640 --> 00:31:28,240
na 1, tunaweza kujenga wenyewe up.

626
00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:32,210
Na tumeona mfano mmoja wa
kwamba pamoja na barua hivi sasa.

627
00:31:32,210 --> 00:31:35,615
>> Basi hebu kulenga sasa katika hii
katikati kingo, algorithm.

628
00:31:35,615 --> 00:31:38,190
Na hebu kurudi huu
mfano wa Mike Smith.

629
00:31:38,190 --> 00:31:41,689
Hivyo katika kitabu hiki simu, ambayo admittedly,
hatuwezi kutumia kiasi tena,

630
00:31:41,689 --> 00:31:42,980
kuna tatizo kutatuliwa.

631
00:31:42,980 --> 00:31:45,040
Tunataka kupata mtu kama Mike Smith.

632
00:31:45,040 --> 00:31:47,520
>> Na nini inaweza nifanye nini ili kupata Mike?

633
00:31:47,520 --> 00:31:51,197
Naam, mimi naweza tu kufungua hii
kitabu, kuanza saa ukurasa wa kwanza,

634
00:31:51,197 --> 00:31:52,780
na kutambua, oh, mimi niko katika A sehemu.

635
00:31:52,780 --> 00:31:53,510
Mike si huko.

636
00:31:53,510 --> 00:31:55,510
Nahitaji S sehemu kwa ajili ya Smith.

637
00:31:55,510 --> 00:31:58,192
Hivyo tu kuweka kugeuka ukurasa mmoja kwa wakati.

638
00:31:58,192 --> 00:32:00,900
Napenda kujifanya kuwa hii yote ni
kurasa nyeupe na kurasa si njano,

639
00:32:00,900 --> 00:32:02,910
kwa sababu sisi siyo kwenda kupata
Mike katika kurasa njano anyway.

640
00:32:02,910 --> 00:32:04,034
Lakini mimi nina katika kurasa nyeupe.

641
00:32:04,034 --> 00:32:05,340
Na sasa, mimi niko katika B sehemu.

642
00:32:05,340 --> 00:32:06,810
Mimi bado hakuonekana yake.

643
00:32:06,810 --> 00:32:08,890
Hivyo mimi kuweka kugeuka ukurasa mmoja kwa wakati.

644
00:32:08,890 --> 00:32:10,130
>> Hii ni algorithm.

645
00:32:10,130 --> 00:32:12,440
Ni seti ya maelekezo
kwa ajili ya kutatua tatizo fulani.

646
00:32:12,440 --> 00:32:16,480
Kwa maneno mengine, tuangalie
ukurasa, kama Mike siyo juu yake,

647
00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:20,020
kugeuka ukurasa, na kurudia
tena na tena na tena,

648
00:32:20,020 --> 00:32:21,760
walau kuangalia chini kama wewe kufanya hivyo.

649
00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:24,120
Hivyo ni algorithm hii,
mchakato huu, ni sahihi?

650
00:32:24,120 --> 00:32:27,400

651
00:32:27,400 --> 00:32:28,830
>> Sorry.

652
00:32:28,830 --> 00:32:30,056
Hapana, mimi kusikia baadhi nos.

653
00:32:30,056 --> 00:32:33,250

654
00:32:33,250 --> 00:32:36,125
OK, lakini is-- yeah,
ni hakika tedious.

655
00:32:36,125 --> 00:32:39,000
Kama, tutaweza kuwa hapa siku zote kama mimi
kuendelea kutafuta Mike kwa kasi hii.

656
00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:41,430
Lakini ngoja kudai ni sahihi.

657
00:32:41,430 --> 00:32:43,850
Ni kijinga, lakini ni sahihi.

658
00:32:43,850 --> 00:32:47,209
>> Mwisho wa siku, kwa muda mrefu kama nguvu
kuchukua, nami kupata Mike kama yeye ni katika huko

659
00:32:47,209 --> 00:32:48,250
na mimi nina kulipa kipaumbele.

660
00:32:48,250 --> 00:32:50,230
Na mimi hatimaye kufikia ukurasa wake.

661
00:32:50,230 --> 00:32:52,890
Na kama mimi kupata mbali mno, kama
Mimi kupata T sehemu,

662
00:32:52,890 --> 00:32:55,900
basi naweza kidogo kuongeza
na kusema tu, hm, kila kosa.

663
00:32:55,900 --> 00:32:57,980
Mimi wala hata haja ya kupoteza
wakati kwenda Z.

664
00:32:57,980 --> 00:33:00,010
Lakini hii ni sana
linear mbinu, kama wewe

665
00:33:00,010 --> 00:33:03,370
itakuwa, sana aina ya kushoto-to-haki
mbinu, line moja kwa moja.

666
00:33:03,370 --> 00:33:05,560
Na yake sahihi lakini polepole.

667
00:33:05,560 --> 00:33:09,250
>> Hivyo mimi kukumbuka kutoka shule ya daraja, aina
ya optimization kutoka grader kwanza,

668
00:33:09,250 --> 00:33:13,756
ambapo mimi kujifunza jinsi ya kuhesabu si
na ndio lakini kwa twos-- hivyo 2, 4, 6.

669
00:33:13,756 --> 00:33:15,630
Ni, vigumu sana
kufanya, lakini katika nadharia, ni

670
00:33:15,630 --> 00:33:20,149
faster-- 8, 10, 12, 14, na kadhalika.

671
00:33:20,149 --> 00:33:21,190
Jinsi kuhusu algorithm kwamba?

672
00:33:21,190 --> 00:33:23,150
Je, ni ufanisi zaidi?

673
00:33:23,150 --> 00:33:23,880
Je, ni kwa kasi?

674
00:33:23,880 --> 00:33:25,365
>> Watazamaji: Ni ufanisi.

675
00:33:25,365 --> 00:33:28,560
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, hivyo ni def-- ni
literally mara mbili kwa haraka, kuchukua mimi

676
00:33:28,560 --> 00:33:30,170
hawana kupata tripped up kwa vidole yangu.

677
00:33:30,170 --> 00:33:32,294
Ni mara mbili kwa haraka, kwa sababu
Mimi nina kugeuka kwa njia mbili

678
00:33:32,294 --> 00:33:36,560
kurasa mara moja badala ya moja, lakini ni
uwezekano katika sahihi, kwa sababu kwa nini?

679
00:33:36,560 --> 00:33:37,852
>> Watazamaji: Wewe ni kuruka baadhi.

680
00:33:37,852 --> 00:33:41,185
DAVID Malan: Right, nini kama Mike hutokea
kuwa sandwiched-- labda wakati mimi nina baadaye

681
00:33:41,185 --> 00:33:44,370
katika kitabu cha simu, Mike hutokea kwa kuwa
ipo kati ya kurasa hizi mbili,

682
00:33:44,370 --> 00:33:46,720
na mimi tu upofu ruka juu yake.

683
00:33:46,720 --> 00:33:48,490
Kwa hiyo, tunahitaji kurekebisha kidogo huko.

684
00:33:48,490 --> 00:33:51,290
Mara baada ya mimi kugonga T sehemu, mimi
Huwezi tu kusema hivi kwa uhakika,

685
00:33:51,290 --> 00:33:52,420
hatukuona Mike Smith.

686
00:33:52,420 --> 00:33:53,770
Mimi pengine mara mbili nyuma.

687
00:33:53,770 --> 00:34:00,210
Au kwa kweli, mara moja mimi kufikia mtu
aitwaye S-N, badala ya S-M kwa Smith,

688
00:34:00,210 --> 00:34:02,790
mara moja, mimi inaweza mara mbili
nyuma, kwa sababu labda yeye

689
00:34:02,790 --> 00:34:03,900
Ilikuwa juu ya ukurasa uliopita.

690
00:34:03,900 --> 00:34:05,070
>> Lakini sina mara mbili nyuma mbali.

691
00:34:05,070 --> 00:34:08,030
Katika nadharia, kama mimi kufanya hivyo katika haki
muda, mimi tu kwenda nyuma ukurasa mmoja.

692
00:34:08,030 --> 00:34:10,139
Hivyo ni kuongeza hatua moja tu ya ziada.

693
00:34:10,139 --> 00:34:13,070
Hivyo nimekuwa wamekwenda mara mbili kwa haraka,
lakini ni gharama mimi ukurasa moja ya ziada.

694
00:34:13,070 --> 00:34:14,699
Lakini kwamba anahisi kama kushinda wavu.

695
00:34:14,699 --> 00:34:17,230
>> Lakini hii si jinsi watu wengi katika
chumba hii itakuwa kutatua tatizo hili.

696
00:34:17,230 --> 00:34:20,313
Gani mtu wa kawaida, labda
miaka michache iliyopita kufanya, ili kupata Mike Smith?

697
00:34:20,313 --> 00:34:22,900

698
00:34:22,900 --> 00:34:24,800
Yeah, hawakuona Mike.

699
00:34:24,800 --> 00:34:27,190
Nifanyeje?

700
00:34:27,190 --> 00:34:31,027
Hivyo kupata kidogo karibu, lakini mimi kufanya
know-- yaliyo ya kweli kuhusu kitabu cha simu?

701
00:34:31,027 --> 00:34:32,110
Watazamaji: Ni utaratibu wa kudumu.

702
00:34:32,110 --> 00:34:32,760
DAVID Malan: Ni utaratibu wa kudumu.

703
00:34:32,760 --> 00:34:33,750
Ni herufi.

704
00:34:33,750 --> 00:34:36,540
Na hivyo kama mimi niko katika M sehemu,
Mike ni wazi na haki,

705
00:34:36,540 --> 00:34:39,949
Siwezi literally machozi
tatizo katika half--

706
00:34:39,949 --> 00:34:44,360
ni kawaida rahisi zaidi kuliko machozi that--
tatizo katika nusu na kutupa mbali,

707
00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:47,627
ili sasa, nina tatizo hilo
tena 1000 pages-- hiyo ilikuwa ngumu,

708
00:34:47,627 --> 00:34:50,210
kwa sababu mimi nadhani kwa kweli akararua
kitabu cha simu hii time-- si

709
00:34:50,210 --> 00:34:52,219
1,000 kurasa, lakini 500.

710
00:34:52,219 --> 00:34:54,750
>> Hivyo tatizo ni literally nusu kama kubwa.

711
00:34:54,750 --> 00:34:58,170
Na kwamba ni pretty kulazimisha, kwa sababu
na algorithms yangu ya awali, ubora

712
00:34:58,170 --> 00:35:02,870
1 na 2, nilikuwa tu kufanya tatizo
ukurasa mmoja ndogo, kurasa mbili ndogo

713
00:35:02,870 --> 00:35:03,470
kwa wakati.

714
00:35:03,470 --> 00:35:07,230
Ambapo sasa, mimi alifanya hivyo 500
kurasa ndogo yote kwa mara moja.

715
00:35:07,230 --> 00:35:10,089
>> OK, hivyo sasa, Karim inapendekeza
kwamba mimi kwenda nusu ya haki.

716
00:35:10,089 --> 00:35:12,380
Hivyo mimi nina kwenda takribani
katikati, kutoa au kuchukua.

717
00:35:12,380 --> 00:35:15,185
Na kama Nilifanya hivyo mathematically,
Mimi naweza kwenda haki ya katikati.

718
00:35:15,185 --> 00:35:17,060
Na sasa, mimi kutambua, loo,
Mimi niko katika T sehemu.

719
00:35:17,060 --> 00:35:18,280
Mimi kwa kweli hakuwa kwenda mbali mno.

720
00:35:18,280 --> 00:35:21,670
>> Lakini siwezi, tena, machozi
tatizo katika nusu, kutupa mbali.

721
00:35:21,670 --> 00:35:23,330
Na ka yangu si kubwa.

722
00:35:23,330 --> 00:35:28,780
Ni tu, je, 256 kurasa au 250
kurasa, kutoa au kuchukua hivi sasa.

723
00:35:28,780 --> 00:35:31,570
Lakini bado ni njia zaidi
kuliko ukurasa mmoja au kurasa mbili.

724
00:35:31,570 --> 00:35:33,345
>> Na hivyo kwa sasa nakwenda takribani katikati.

725
00:35:33,345 --> 00:35:35,330
Oh, sikuweza kwenda kabisa mbali kutosha sasa.

726
00:35:35,330 --> 00:35:37,880
Hivyo mimi kurudia, kurudia, kurudia,
kurudia, mpaka mimi nina hopefully

727
00:35:37,880 --> 00:35:40,360
kushoto na ukurasa mmoja tu.

728
00:35:40,360 --> 00:35:44,000
>> Hivyo kwamba inakaribisha swali, kama mimi
ilianza na takribani 1,000 kurasa,

729
00:35:44,000 --> 00:35:47,340
jinsi hatua nyingi alifanya hivyo kuchukua me
na toleo 1 ya algorithm wangu?

730
00:35:47,340 --> 00:35:50,420
Naam, kama Mike ni katika S
sehemu, katika kesi mbaya,

731
00:35:50,420 --> 00:35:52,630
hiyo ni pretty karibu na
mwisho wa alfabeti.

732
00:35:52,630 --> 00:35:56,559
Hivyo kama kitabu cha simu ina kurasa 1,000,
Mimi itabidi kupata Mike ndani ya kurasa 1,000,

733
00:35:56,559 --> 00:35:57,100
kutoa au kuchukua.

734
00:35:57,100 --> 00:35:59,750
Labda ni kama 800 au hivyo, lakini
ni pretty karibu na 1,000.

735
00:35:59,750 --> 00:36:01,680
>> Wakati ambapo, katika pili
algorithm, jinsi wengi

736
00:36:01,680 --> 00:36:06,840
ukurasa anarudi maximally nguvu mimi
zinahitaji kupata Mike Smith?

737
00:36:06,840 --> 00:36:09,970
Kuna kurasa 1,000, lakini mimi nina
kufanya nao mbili kwa wakati.

738
00:36:09,970 --> 00:36:13,045
Haki, hivyo max kama 500ish, kwa sababu
kama mimi kwenda kupitia kitabu nzima ya simu,

739
00:36:13,045 --> 00:36:14,170
ambapo kiwango, siwezi kuacha.

740
00:36:14,170 --> 00:36:16,669
Lakini siwezi kunyoa chache na
tu kuacha saa T sehemu.

741
00:36:16,669 --> 00:36:19,880
Lakini ni katika hali mbaya zaidi ya 500 kurasa.

742
00:36:19,880 --> 00:36:24,710
>> Hivyo mara ngapi ninaweza kugawanya
1,00o-ukurasa kitabu cha simu katika nusu tena

743
00:36:24,710 --> 00:36:30,450
na tena na again-- kutoka
1,000 hadi 500 kwa 250-125?

744
00:36:30,450 --> 00:36:32,250
Muda gani kabla ya mimi kugonga ukurasa mmoja?

745
00:36:32,250 --> 00:36:35,510

746
00:36:35,510 --> 00:36:36,370
Yeah, ni kuhusu 10.

747
00:36:36,370 --> 00:36:40,780
Kutegemea rounding na vile, ni
kuhusu 10 kurasa jumla ya haja ya kuwa akageuka

748
00:36:40,780 --> 00:36:43,290
au vitabu simu haja ya kuwa na lenye.

749
00:36:43,290 --> 00:36:44,710
>> Hivyo hiyo ni pretty nguvu.

750
00:36:44,710 --> 00:36:48,170
Sisi ilianza na tatizo 1,000 ukurasa
katika yote matatu ya hadithi hizi.

751
00:36:48,170 --> 00:36:51,850
Lakini katika algorithm ya kwanza,
alichukua yangu, hali mbaya zaidi, 1,000 ukurasa

752
00:36:51,850 --> 00:36:52,740
anarudi kwa kupata Mike.

753
00:36:52,740 --> 00:36:55,590
Pili algorithm, 500
kurasa kupata Mike.

754
00:36:55,590 --> 00:36:58,480
Tatu algorithm, 10 kurasa kupata Mike.

755
00:36:58,480 --> 00:37:00,230
Na ni hata zaidi
nguvu wakati unafikiri

756
00:37:00,230 --> 00:37:01,860
kuhusu aina ya mazingira kinyume.

757
00:37:01,860 --> 00:37:05,680
Tuseme kwamba kampuni ya simu ijayo
mwaka labda huingiza miji miwili kwa pamoja,

758
00:37:05,680 --> 00:37:08,550
na kitabu cha simu ni ghafla
hii nene, badala ya hii kwamba,

759
00:37:08,550 --> 00:37:12,470
hivyo 2,000 kurasa badala ya 1,000.

760
00:37:12,470 --> 00:37:15,640
Naam, algorithm yangu ya kwanza kuangalia kwa
Mike Smith katika 2000-ukurasa kitabu cha simu,

761
00:37:15,640 --> 00:37:21,460
mbaya kesi, ni kwenda kuchukua
wangapi ukurasa anarudi mwaka ujao?

762
00:37:21,460 --> 00:37:24,800
>> Simu kitabu ni 2,000 kurasa,
so-- vizuri, si moja zaidi.

763
00:37:24,800 --> 00:37:29,540
Kama kitabu cha simu ni mara mbili nene katika
algorithm kwanza, kwanza algorithm,

764
00:37:29,540 --> 00:37:30,380
2,000, sawa?

765
00:37:30,380 --> 00:37:33,005
Katika hali mbaya zaidi, Mike ni kweli
karibu na mwisho wa kitabu,

766
00:37:33,005 --> 00:37:34,110
hivyo ni 2,000 ukurasa zamu.

767
00:37:34,110 --> 00:37:38,070
Pili algorithm kwenda na
wawili-wawili, kama kurasa 1,000.

768
00:37:38,070 --> 00:37:41,490
>> Lakini vipi kuhusu mwaka wa tatu wangu
na hivi karibuni algorithm?

769
00:37:41,490 --> 00:37:44,950
Kama kampuni ya simu mara mbili
idadi ya kurasa 1,000 hadi 2,000,

770
00:37:44,950 --> 00:37:47,770
jinsi wengi zaidi nyakati haja nitazirarua
kwamba kitabu katika nusu kupata Mike?

771
00:37:47,770 --> 00:37:48,710
>> Watazamaji: Moja tu.

772
00:37:48,710 --> 00:37:51,001
>> DAVID Malan: Moja zaidi,
kwa sababu pamoja na ukurasa mmoja machozi,

773
00:37:51,001 --> 00:37:53,270
Siwezi literally kugawanya
na kushinda, kama wewe,

774
00:37:53,270 --> 00:37:57,410
kuwa tatizo katika nusu kuchukua
bite mkubwa nje ya hiyo.

775
00:37:57,410 --> 00:38:01,420
Na hivyo hii ni mfano wa
ufanisi na arguably algorithm

776
00:38:01,420 --> 00:38:04,100
na ambayo sisi sote ni
aina ya intuitively ukoo.

777
00:38:04,100 --> 00:38:07,780
Lakini ni tu kama sahihi
kama algorithms yangu nyingine

778
00:38:07,780 --> 00:38:09,630
na kwamba tweak kwa
algorithm pili,

779
00:38:09,630 --> 00:38:11,290
lakini ni hivyo ufanisi zaidi.

780
00:38:11,290 --> 00:38:14,030
>> Na kwa kweli, nini kompyuta
mwanasayansi, au kwa upande programu,

781
00:38:14,030 --> 00:38:17,580
ingekuwa kawaida kufanya wakati wa kuandika
code ni kujaribu kufikiri,

782
00:38:17,580 --> 00:38:19,960
yote ya haki, Sitaki yangu
mpango tu kuwa sahihi,

783
00:38:19,960 --> 00:38:23,220
Mimi pia unataka kuwa ni ufanisi
na kutatua matatizo pia.

784
00:38:23,220 --> 00:38:26,450
Fikiria katika ulimwengu wa kweli leo,
kama bahati Google, utafutaji

785
00:38:26,450 --> 00:38:31,580
kama mabilioni ya kurasa, kufikiria kama wao
kutumika algorithm kwanza kupata paka

786
00:38:31,580 --> 00:38:34,620
miongoni mwa bilioni pages-- kuangalia
ukurasa wa kwanza katika orodha yao,

787
00:38:34,620 --> 00:38:37,700
pili, tatu, kuangalia tu
kwa ajili ya paka, kuangalia kwa paka.

788
00:38:37,700 --> 00:38:40,350
Hiyo pretty darn kupunguza inaweza kuonekana.

789
00:38:40,350 --> 00:38:43,170
Wangeweza badala yake kutumia kitu
aitwaye search binary, ambayo

790
00:38:43,170 --> 00:38:47,420
hakuna bi coincidence-- maana mbili, sisi
kuweka kugawa kitu katika 2, katika half--

791
00:38:47,420 --> 00:38:50,205
wangeweza kutumia search binary
na labda kupata paka hata kwa kasi,

792
00:38:50,205 --> 00:38:51,830
au chochote ni wewe ni kutafuta kwa.

793
00:38:51,830 --> 00:38:54,125
>> Na kusema ukweli, kuna
hata algorithms fancier

794
00:38:54,125 --> 00:38:56,250
kwamba kufanya mengi zaidi kuliko tu
kugawa mambo katika nusu

795
00:38:56,250 --> 00:38:58,180
ili kupata taarifa haraka.

796
00:38:58,180 --> 00:39:00,880
Na tutaweza kuzungumza kidogo
kuhusu wale baada ya chakula cha mchana leo.

797
00:39:00,880 --> 00:39:02,640
Hivyo basi mimi tu kujaribu kuwakilisha huu.

798
00:39:02,640 --> 00:39:05,380
Hatuna haja ya kwenda katika
math yoyote au idadi halisi.

799
00:39:05,380 --> 00:39:07,070
Tunaweza kuzungumza kuhusu suala hili katika abstract.

800
00:39:07,070 --> 00:39:11,580
>> Lakini ngoja tu kupendekeza, kama wewe
walikuwa kuwa na mjadala sasa

801
00:39:11,580 --> 00:39:13,491
na wahandisi
kupendekeza algorithm hii

802
00:39:13,491 --> 00:39:15,490
na wewe ni kujaribu kufanya
mahesabu uamuzi,

803
00:39:15,490 --> 00:39:17,285
kwa sababu labda
mhandisi akiwaambia, wewe

804
00:39:17,285 --> 00:39:19,910
kujua nini, siwezi kutekeleza
tafuta linear katika kama dakika mbili.

805
00:39:19,910 --> 00:39:21,150
Ni rahisi.

806
00:39:21,150 --> 00:39:24,790
tafuta binary si kwamba dhana tu, lakini
ni kwenda kuchukua mimi kama dakika 10,

807
00:39:24,790 --> 00:39:26,650
hivyo mara 5 kwa muda mrefu.

808
00:39:26,650 --> 00:39:30,900
>> Kuna biashara hapa, hata katika suala
wa kuamua nini programu kuandika.

809
00:39:30,900 --> 00:39:34,760
Je, kuandika rahisi algorithm,
ambayo itakuwa tu kuchukua wewe dakika mbili?

810
00:39:34,760 --> 00:39:39,880
Au wewe kutumia muda zaidi, dakika 10,
kuandika fancier algorithm?

811
00:39:39,880 --> 00:39:43,540
Jinsi gani unaweza kuamua aina hiyo ya swali?

812
00:39:43,540 --> 00:39:46,710
Au unaweza kufanya ni kidogo zaidi halisi.

813
00:39:46,710 --> 00:39:50,610
Nawaambia bosi wangu ni kwenda kuchukua
me ama wiki moja au wiki 10

814
00:39:50,610 --> 00:39:52,490
kutekeleza
programu kwa njia hii, jinsi

815
00:39:52,490 --> 00:39:56,103
gani unaweza kuamua ambayo
algorithm kwa kijani-mwanga?

816
00:39:56,103 --> 00:39:56,603
Karim?

817
00:39:56,603 --> 00:39:57,550
>> Watazamaji: watazamaji, mimi nadhani.

818
00:39:57,550 --> 00:39:57,960
>> DAVID Malan: watazamaji.

819
00:39:57,960 --> 00:39:59,460
Ni nini maana na watazamaji?

820
00:39:59,460 --> 00:40:03,460
>> Watazamaji: Kama ni kwenda
kutumiwa na watumiaji

821
00:40:03,460 --> 00:40:09,050
ambao [inaudible] na watumiaji [inaudible].

822
00:40:09,050 --> 00:40:11,232
Lakini kama ni kitu wewe ni
tu kufanya kwa ajili yako mwenyewe

823
00:40:11,232 --> 00:40:13,946
kuwezesha tatizo,
[Inaudible] wepesi.

824
00:40:13,946 --> 00:40:16,820
DAVID Malan: Yeah, ni haraka na
chafu ni njia nzuri ya kuelezea.

825
00:40:16,820 --> 00:40:18,695
Kwa kweli, kama wewe ni
kuelezea mengi ya muda wangu

826
00:40:18,695 --> 00:40:23,630
katika shule grad, ambapo mara nyingi,
Niliandika kificho mbaya kwa uangalifu so--

827
00:40:23,630 --> 00:40:26,490
angalau, hiyo ni jinsi mimi
kuongezwa ufanisi it-- uangalifu ili,

828
00:40:26,490 --> 00:40:30,670
kwa sababu hata mimi nilikuwa kuandika kificho
hiyo ilikuwa kiasi polepole kutekeleza,

829
00:40:30,670 --> 00:40:33,750
Nilikuwa na uwezo wa kuandika kanuni yenyewe
pretty haraka, matumizi dakika tu

830
00:40:33,750 --> 00:40:35,107
au masaa siku si.

831
00:40:35,107 --> 00:40:37,190
Na aligeuka, mimi
mara kwa mara unahitajika kulala.

832
00:40:37,190 --> 00:40:41,270
Hivyo hata kama kanuni yangu required 8
masaa ya kuendesha, vizuri hiyo ni nzuri,

833
00:40:41,270 --> 00:40:42,850
Mimi itabidi kwenda kulala wakati anaendesha.

834
00:40:42,850 --> 00:40:46,350
>> Hivyo wakati huo, Nilidhani hii ilikuwa
wajanja sana, hata mimi inaonekana

835
00:40:46,350 --> 00:40:48,990
kazi kwa njia ya PhD yangu pole pole sana.

836
00:40:48,990 --> 00:40:52,270
Lakini kinyume cha ule ni
kwamba, kama ningekuwa kuandika programu

837
00:40:52,270 --> 00:40:55,930
kwa watu wengine ambao
cha muhimu zaidi kuliko mimi, vizuri,

838
00:40:55,930 --> 00:40:59,580
kuwa nao kusubiri masaa 8 kwa
kupata nyuma tafuta matokeo yao

839
00:40:59,580 --> 00:41:01,350
si yote ya kulazimisha.

840
00:41:01,350 --> 00:41:04,090
Na hivyo kutumia muda zaidi
hadi mbele kuandika programu

841
00:41:04,090 --> 00:41:07,300
kwamba ni ufanisi zaidi, zaidi
kama kompyuta yetu ya tatu,

842
00:41:07,300 --> 00:41:09,780
pengine faida watumiaji juu ya muda.

843
00:41:09,780 --> 00:41:12,710
Hivyo ni kweli inategemea zaidi
muda gani gharama hizo kuongeza up.

844
00:41:12,710 --> 00:41:14,960
Kama wewe ni kwenda kuwa kuandika
programu ya matumizi yake mara moja,

845
00:41:14,960 --> 00:41:17,240
pengine pia kufanya
haraka na chafu, kama wanasema.

846
00:41:17,240 --> 00:41:18,198
Tu kutupa pamoja.

847
00:41:18,198 --> 00:41:20,560
Ni kificho kwamba embarrasses
wewe, ni mbaya mno,

848
00:41:20,560 --> 00:41:23,860
lakini anapata kazi kufanyika kwa usahihi,
hata kama ni si ufanisi.

849
00:41:23,860 --> 00:41:27,200
Kinyume chake, wewe kutumia muda zaidi
juu ya kitu, kupata haki tu.

850
00:41:27,200 --> 00:41:30,730
Na kisha amortized baada ya muda,
kwamba upfront gharama ya muda

851
00:41:30,730 --> 00:41:34,330
pengine ni worthwhile, kama wewe kuweka
optimizing kwa ajili ya kesi ya kawaida.

852
00:41:34,330 --> 00:41:37,620
>> Na hakika, hiyo ni mada katika
programu, au sayansi ya kompyuta zaidi

853
00:41:37,620 --> 00:41:41,390
ujumla, kujaribu optimize
si kwa ajili ya kesi kawaida

854
00:41:41,390 --> 00:41:44,390
lakini case-- kawaida nini operesheni
kinaenda kutokea tena na tena?

855
00:41:44,390 --> 00:41:47,730
Kama wewe ni kwenda kuwa na mabilioni
ya watumiaji wa kutafuta kwenye tovuti yako,

856
00:41:47,730 --> 00:41:52,030
unapaswa pengine kutumia ziada
wiki hadi mbele kuandika programu bora,

857
00:41:52,030 --> 00:41:53,670
hivyo kwamba wote wa watumiaji yako kunufaika.

858
00:41:53,670 --> 00:41:57,840
Sasa, hebu kujaribu kukamata a huu
kidogo pictorially, lakini si sana

859
00:41:57,840 --> 00:41:58,610
numerically.

860
00:41:58,610 --> 00:42:01,680
>> Hivyo hapa ni tu umri wa shule chati.

861
00:42:01,680 --> 00:42:04,260
Na napenda kusema kwamba hii ni mara.

862
00:42:04,260 --> 00:42:06,660
Na haijalishi what--
kweli, hakuna hata wakati mmoja.

863
00:42:06,660 --> 00:42:08,320
Hebu kuweka kwamba kwenye mhimili mmoja.

864
00:42:08,320 --> 00:42:15,700
Hebu kusema kwamba hii ni mara ya,
na hii ni ukubwa wa tatizo.

865
00:42:15,700 --> 00:42:17,830
>> Na mwanasayansi wa kompyuta
inaweza ujumla kuwaita

866
00:42:17,830 --> 00:42:20,820
hii tu n. n ni kama
yetu go-kwa kutofautiana, ambapo

867
00:42:20,820 --> 00:42:26,351
n ni idadi, n idadi, na ni
idadi ya pembejeo chochote una.

868
00:42:26,351 --> 00:42:28,100
Hivyo katika kesi hii, n ni
idadi ya kurasa.

869
00:42:28,100 --> 00:42:30,150
Hivyo inaweza kuwa 1,000 mwaka
kesi sisi tu aliiambia.

870
00:42:30,150 --> 00:42:31,969
>> Hivyo wakati unaweza kuwa kitengo chochote cha kipimo.

871
00:42:31,969 --> 00:42:32,760
Labda, ni ya pili.

872
00:42:32,760 --> 00:42:33,410
Labda, ni siku.

873
00:42:33,410 --> 00:42:34,590
Labda, ni kama ukurasa zamu.

874
00:42:34,590 --> 00:42:35,215
Haijalishi.

875
00:42:35,215 --> 00:42:38,840
Chochote unataka kuhesabu katika, kwamba
itakuwa ni mara au gharama equivalently.

876
00:42:38,840 --> 00:42:42,400
>> Hivyo kwa kuwa kwanza kabisa
algorithm, kama mimi, kwa mfano,

877
00:42:42,400 --> 00:42:45,920
alikuwa 1,000 ukurasa simu kitabu,
Mimi nina kwenda kuteka dot huko,

878
00:42:45,920 --> 00:42:51,450
kwa sababu kama ni kurasa 1,000, ilichukua
takribani 1,000 ukurasa anarudi, kutoa au kuchukua.

879
00:42:51,450 --> 00:42:54,100
Na kisha kama ningekuwa na
2000-ukurasa kitabu cha simu,

880
00:42:54,100 --> 00:42:57,200
na mimi nina kwenda kuteka pili
dot hapa, kwa sababu kwa kurasa 2,000,

881
00:42:57,200 --> 00:42:59,810
ni kama sekunde 2,000
au ukurasa anarudi au chochote.

882
00:42:59,810 --> 00:43:02,480
Na hivyo wakati nilivyosema awali, ni
aina ya uhusiano linear,

883
00:43:02,480 --> 00:43:06,020
hiyo ilikuwa makusudi, kwa sababu nilitaka
baadaye on-- haki now-- kwa kuchora mstari.

884
00:43:06,020 --> 00:43:07,770
Ni aina ya moja kwa moja
line uhusiano.

885
00:43:07,770 --> 00:43:10,180
mteremko ni 1/1, kama wewe.

886
00:43:10,180 --> 00:43:14,630
>> Wakati huo huo, algorithm pili
Alisema, kama nimepata kurasa 1,000

887
00:43:14,630 --> 00:43:17,680
na wewe walikuwa kutumia algorithm pili,
ambapo mimi kuhesabiwa na 2, na kugeuka

888
00:43:17,680 --> 00:43:22,564
kurasa mbili kwa wakati mmoja, anatakiwa kuteka
dot chini au juu ya dot yangu ya awali?

889
00:43:22,564 --> 00:43:23,450
>> Watazamaji: Chini.

890
00:43:23,450 --> 00:43:27,992
>> DAVID Malan: Chini, kwa sababu kama tuliona,
huchukua muda mfupi, nusu kama muda kiasi.

891
00:43:27,992 --> 00:43:29,950
Hivyo dot lazima nusu
kama juu kama wengine.

892
00:43:29,950 --> 00:43:33,330
Na huo mpango zaidi ya hapa, hii dot
lazima pengine kuwa takribani huko.

893
00:43:33,330 --> 00:43:39,666
Na hivyo algorithm yangu ya pili, vile vile,
ana uhusiano linear na wakati.

894
00:43:39,666 --> 00:43:41,990
Na tunaweza kuteka ni kama vile.

895
00:43:41,990 --> 00:43:45,950
>> Hivyo sasa, tatu na ya mwisho
algorithm ni vigumu kidogo kuteka.

896
00:43:45,950 --> 00:43:49,530
Lakini intuitively, kama mimi nimepata 1,000
kurasa na algorithm yangu ya tatu,

897
00:43:49,530 --> 00:43:52,340
ni lazima tu kuchukua mimi kama hatua 10.

898
00:43:52,340 --> 00:43:57,500
Na kama mimi nimepata kurasa 2,000
na algorithm yangu ya tatu,

899
00:43:57,500 --> 00:44:01,570
ni lazima kuchukua mimi si 10
hatua, lakini 11, moja tu zaidi.

900
00:44:01,570 --> 00:44:03,610
Hivyo sisi ni vigumu tu kwenda kuona hii.

901
00:44:03,610 --> 00:44:06,010
>> Na zinageuka, kama
Mimi kuvuta hii, mimi nina

902
00:44:06,010 --> 00:44:09,320
kwenda kwa chumvi kwa ajili ya athari,
sura ya mstari kwamba, hatimaye,

903
00:44:09,320 --> 00:44:11,990
si line-- moja kwa moja
kwa sababu, kwa hakika kama ilivyokuwa,

904
00:44:11,990 --> 00:44:15,390
bila kuangalia zaidi kama
others-- ni kweli mstari ikiwa

905
00:44:15,390 --> 00:44:19,265
kwamba, kama sisi kuvuta, ni kwenda
kuangalia mengi zaidi kama hii.

906
00:44:19,265 --> 00:44:21,670
It-- vizuri, OK, kupuuza sehemu hii.

907
00:44:21,670 --> 00:44:25,330
Hiyo ilikuwa ni kalamu yangu kwenda ya pembeni.

908
00:44:25,330 --> 00:44:29,000
Ni mzingo line kwamba daima ni
kuongeza, daima, daima, siku zote

909
00:44:29,000 --> 00:44:32,100
kuongezeka, lakini tu vigumu tu.

910
00:44:32,100 --> 00:44:36,260
>> Na hivyo baada ya muda, una
uhusiano kwamba ni zaidi kama hii.

911
00:44:36,260 --> 00:44:37,540
Ni karibu inaonekana moja kwa moja.

912
00:44:37,540 --> 00:44:40,330
Lakini ni milele hivyo polepole kuongezeka.

913
00:44:40,330 --> 00:44:44,780
Lakini kwa karibu pointi wote pamoja
x-mhimili yako, usawa mhimili,

914
00:44:44,780 --> 00:44:46,550
ni chini zaidi kuliko wale mistari mingine.

915
00:44:46,550 --> 00:44:49,930
>> Hivyo hii inaweza kuwa uhusiano
n, ambapo kama una kurasa n,

916
00:44:49,930 --> 00:44:51,100
inachukua wewe n sekunde.

917
00:44:51,100 --> 00:44:53,320
Hii inaweza kuwa uhusiano n / 2.

918
00:44:53,320 --> 00:44:56,710
Una kurasa n, inachukua
wewe n / sekunde 2, nusu kama wengi.

919
00:44:56,710 --> 00:45:00,590
Na hii ni logarithmic
Uhusiano, ambayo

920
00:45:00,590 --> 00:45:08,920
kama unakumbuka, kuingia msingi 2 ya captures n
aina hii ya ukuaji, hivyo kusema.

921
00:45:08,920 --> 00:45:12,000
Hivyo hii ni aina ya takatifu
grail kati ya wale watatu wa haya

922
00:45:12,000 --> 00:45:15,940
hapa, kwa sababu ni tu hivyo zaidi
ufanisi, lakini arguably zaidi tata

923
00:45:15,940 --> 00:45:18,610
kutekeleza.

924
00:45:18,610 --> 00:45:20,510
Maswali yoyote?

925
00:45:20,510 --> 00:45:26,220
>> Naam napenda kufanya hivyo, basi
mimi kufungua dirisha maandishi

926
00:45:26,220 --> 00:45:29,100
tu ili tuweze kujaribu
kurasimisha kitu hapa.

927
00:45:29,100 --> 00:45:32,410
Hivyo basi mimi kwenda mbele sasa na
kutekeleza algorithm hii

928
00:45:32,410 --> 00:45:35,170
kwa ajili ya kutafuta Mike Smith katika kanuni,
kama wewe, pseudocode kificho.

929
00:45:35,170 --> 00:45:36,620
Sitakuja kutumia Java au C ++.

930
00:45:36,620 --> 00:45:38,610
Mimi tu kwenda kutumia aina ya
Kiingereza-kama syntax, ambayo sisi

931
00:45:38,610 --> 00:45:40,151
ingekuwa ujumla kuwaita pseudocode kificho.

932
00:45:40,151 --> 00:45:41,660
Lakini hapa nina dirisha tupu.

933
00:45:41,660 --> 00:45:48,180
Na mimi kusema hatua ya 1 ya sana
algorithm kwanza ni kuchukua kitabu cha simu.

934
00:45:48,180 --> 00:45:51,740
Hatua ya 2 ni wazi kitabu kwa ukurasa wa kwanza.

935
00:45:51,740 --> 00:45:58,080
Hatua ya 3 itakuwa kuangalia
ukurasa kwa Mike Smith.

936
00:45:58,080 --> 00:46:02,740
Kama juu ya ukurasa, piga Mike.

937
00:46:02,740 --> 00:46:11,640
mwingine upande ukurasa na kwenda hatua 3.

938
00:46:11,640 --> 00:46:13,590
Kufanyika, hebu sema.

939
00:46:13,590 --> 00:46:18,110
>> Na hivyo si kabisa kamilifu,
ambayo tutaweza kuona katika wakati huu.

940
00:46:18,110 --> 00:46:21,050
Lakini hebu fikiria nini
dhana nimekuwa kuletwa hapa.

941
00:46:21,050 --> 00:46:24,450
Hivyo hatua ya 1 na 2 na 3
ni vitenzi pretty much.

942
00:46:24,450 --> 00:46:26,544
Wao ni kauli, actions-- kufanya hivyo.

943
00:46:26,544 --> 00:46:28,710
Na hivyo katika programu
lugha, tunataka ujumla

944
00:46:28,710 --> 00:46:32,349
kuwaita kauli au
kazi au taratibu,

945
00:46:32,349 --> 00:46:33,640
kuwaita idadi yoyote ya mambo.

946
00:46:33,640 --> 00:46:35,460
Lakini wao uko actions-- tu kufanya hivyo.

947
00:46:35,460 --> 00:46:40,370
>> Hatua ya 4 ni tofauti kimsingi,
kwa sababu ni aina ya kuuliza swali.

948
00:46:40,370 --> 00:46:42,400
Ni kusema tuko aina
ya kwenye mgawanyiko katika barabara.

949
00:46:42,400 --> 00:46:48,000
Kama Mike ni juu ya ukurasa, piga
naye, hivyo upande wa kushoto, kama wewe.

950
00:46:48,000 --> 00:46:52,170
Na kama siyo, kwenda nyuma ya baadhi
wengine page-- au tuseme, sorry,

951
00:46:52,170 --> 00:46:56,650
kwenda nyuma ya baadhi ya hatua nyingine, ambayo
induces aina fulani ya looping kujenga.

952
00:46:56,650 --> 00:46:59,530
Na sisi kufanya hivyo tena na tena na tena.

953
00:46:59,530 --> 00:47:01,300
>> Na kwa kweli, unajua nini?

954
00:47:01,300 --> 00:47:01,800
Yeah.

955
00:47:01,800 --> 00:47:04,704

956
00:47:04,704 --> 00:47:09,010
mwingine kama mwishoni mwa kitabu stop.

957
00:47:09,010 --> 00:47:11,624
Kwa hiyo, tunahitaji aina ya tatu
hali, kwa sababu wewe

958
00:47:11,624 --> 00:47:14,290
hawezi kuweka kugeuka ukurasa tangazo
nauseum, kwa sababu hatimaye, mimi itabidi

959
00:47:14,290 --> 00:47:15,320
kugonga mwisho wa kitabu.

960
00:47:15,320 --> 00:47:18,546
Na mdudu katika mpango inaweza kuwa
si unatarajia kuwa mazingira.

961
00:47:18,546 --> 00:47:21,420
Na kisha mimi tu barabara, oh, kusubiri
dakika, nahitaji mazingira ya tatu.

962
00:47:21,420 --> 00:47:23,900
Kama mimi nina nje ya kurasa, mimi
lazima kweli tu kuacha.

963
00:47:23,900 --> 00:47:25,330
Vinginevyo, ni kisichojulikana.

964
00:47:25,330 --> 00:47:29,260
Nini kitatokea kama mimi kuendelea
akisema kugeuka ukurasa na kurudi nyuma,

965
00:47:29,260 --> 00:47:31,810
huu ni wakati kompyuta
kufungia au ajali, wakati kugonga

966
00:47:31,810 --> 00:47:34,160
baadhi ya hali unanticipated kama hiyo.

967
00:47:34,160 --> 00:47:37,280
>> Sasa, nini kuhusu Mike
Smith algorithm tatu

968
00:47:37,280 --> 00:47:43,150
kuchukua kitabu cha simu,
kitabu wazi kwa first-- kwa

969
00:47:43,150 --> 00:47:48,640
hakuna, si kwanza ukurasa wakati huu,
kwa middle-- oh, vizuri, kwamba d

970
00:47:48,640 --> 00:47:49,640
kuwa algorithm pili.

971
00:47:49,640 --> 00:47:50,590
Hebu tu ruka kwa tatu.

972
00:47:50,590 --> 00:47:50,930
>> Watazamaji: Oh, samahani.

973
00:47:50,930 --> 00:47:51,971
>> DAVID Malan: Hiyo ni sawa.

974
00:47:51,971 --> 00:47:58,590
Hebu tu ruka kwa wazi third--
katikati na sasa kuangalia kwa Mike Smith.

975
00:47:58,590 --> 00:48:02,300
kama juu ya ukurasa, piga Mike.

976
00:48:02,300 --> 00:48:04,910
Na kisha nini tunataka kusema hapa?

977
00:48:04,910 --> 00:48:06,134
mwingine nini?

978
00:48:06,134 --> 00:48:10,620

979
00:48:10,620 --> 00:48:12,370
Tunaweza kueleza hii
katika idadi yoyote ya njia.

980
00:48:12,370 --> 00:48:13,369
Hakuna jibu sahihi.

981
00:48:13,369 --> 00:48:20,819

982
00:48:20,819 --> 00:48:23,735
OK, kama si tena, lakini tunahitaji
be-- OK, hatuwezi unataka kugawanya katika mbili,

983
00:48:23,735 --> 00:48:25,630
lakini kufanya tunataka kwenda kushoto au kwenda kulia?

984
00:48:25,630 --> 00:48:29,560
Jinsi gani sisi kueleza kwamba wazo?

985
00:48:29,560 --> 00:48:31,790
Naam, katika kesi Mike, ndiyo, hiyo ni haki.

986
00:48:31,790 --> 00:48:35,050
Lakini OK, hivyo hiyo ni kweli hatua nzuri.

987
00:48:35,050 --> 00:48:35,550
Ni sawa.

988
00:48:35,550 --> 00:48:36,924
Tutaweza kuendelea na mantiki hii.

989
00:48:36,924 --> 00:48:38,182
So--

990
00:48:38,182 --> 00:48:39,810
>> Watazamaji: Chini ya nusu.

991
00:48:39,810 --> 00:48:40,560
DAVID Malan: Yeah.

992
00:48:40,560 --> 00:48:49,820
Hivyo mwingine kama ukurasa ni, tutaweza kusema, chini
kuliko Smith, upande wa kushoto wa Smith,

993
00:48:49,820 --> 00:48:52,220
then-- hebu angalia, ni
hii kwenda magumu?

994
00:48:52,220 --> 00:49:01,885
mwingine kama ukurasa huja kabla Smith,
machozi katika nusu, kutupa mbali ambayo nusu?

995
00:49:01,885 --> 00:49:05,643

996
00:49:05,643 --> 00:49:09,140
>> Watazamaji: Nilidhani
hiyo ilikuwa [inaudible].

997
00:49:09,140 --> 00:49:11,650
>> DAVID Malan: Mimi kusikia wote wawili majibu.

998
00:49:11,650 --> 00:49:12,431
>> Watazamaji: Kushoto.

999
00:49:12,431 --> 00:49:14,430
DAVID Malan: Sawa, kutupa
mbali kushoto nusu, kama Lakisa

1000
00:49:14,430 --> 00:49:19,700
alisema mapema, kushoto
nusu, basi mimi aina ya

1001
00:49:19,700 --> 00:49:23,940
wanataka kwenda tu to-- mimi kwenda kulia.

1002
00:49:23,940 --> 00:49:27,380
Au equivalently, na mimi alifanya kidogo
kidogo ya fujo ya mwanzo hapa,

1003
00:49:27,380 --> 00:49:30,760
Mimi kwa ufanisi wanataka
kwenda hatua 2 tena,

1004
00:49:30,760 --> 00:49:38,270
ambapo wazi kwa middle-- au open--
yeah, hebu tu kusema, kurasa kwa katikati.

1005
00:49:38,270 --> 00:49:39,020
Na hii kunasa yake.

1006
00:49:39,020 --> 00:49:39,936
Ni tena kitabu.

1007
00:49:39,936 --> 00:49:42,210
Ni tu nusu ya kitabu,
kurasa hivyo wazi kwa katikati.

1008
00:49:42,210 --> 00:49:44,010
>> else-- walikuwa karibu na hapo.

1009
00:49:44,010 --> 00:49:54,000
Hatua ya 6, mwingine kama ukurasa inakuja baada Smith,
machozi katika nusu, kutupa nusu mbali haki,

1010
00:49:54,000 --> 00:49:55,680
kisha kwenda hatua 2.

1011
00:49:55,680 --> 00:49:58,920

1012
00:49:58,920 --> 00:50:05,230
mwingine kujiondoa, mazingira ya nne ikiwa
hatuna kurasa kushoto na kurejea.

1013
00:50:05,230 --> 00:50:06,394
Hivyo tunaweza safi hii up.

1014
00:50:06,394 --> 00:50:07,560
Na tunapaswa safi hii up.

1015
00:50:07,560 --> 00:50:10,656
Hii ni pseudocode sana kificho, kama wewe
mapenzi, juu sana kiwango cha maelezo.

1016
00:50:10,656 --> 00:50:12,280
Lakini haina ujumla kukamata wazo.

1017
00:50:12,280 --> 00:50:16,040
>> Na tena, katika hali hii, sisi
na dhana ya hali,

1018
00:50:16,040 --> 00:50:20,450
tawi, uma katika barabara, na kufanya
decision-- kama hii, kwenda kwa njia hii,

1019
00:50:20,450 --> 00:50:23,082
mwingine kama, kwenda kwa njia hii,
mwingine kama, kwenda kwa njia hiyo.

1020
00:50:23,082 --> 00:50:25,040
Na hii ni kawaida sana
mbinu ya programu

1021
00:50:25,040 --> 00:50:27,721
kuamua ambayo mwelekeo
kwenda, hivyo kusema.

1022
00:50:27,721 --> 00:50:29,970
Na sisi pia kuwa baadhi ya aina
ya looping muundo, ambapo

1023
00:50:29,970 --> 00:50:32,440
sisi ni kufanya kitu tena na tena.

1024
00:50:32,440 --> 00:50:34,820
>> Sasa, ni zamu nje, mengi
kama katika mfano huu,

1025
00:50:34,820 --> 00:50:37,660
kuwa super sahihi ni muhimu.

1026
00:50:37,660 --> 00:50:42,180
Lakini tumekuwa pia kuonekana kitu
kwamba sisi kuweka wito kufikirika tu.

1027
00:50:42,180 --> 00:50:45,490
Ina maana gani kuchukua kitabu cha simu?

1028
00:50:45,490 --> 00:50:47,740
Sisi ni tu aina ya kuchukua
kwa nafasi katika chumba hiki

1029
00:50:47,740 --> 00:50:49,340
kwamba ambayo ina baadhi maana semantic.

1030
00:50:49,340 --> 00:50:51,740
Sisi sote tu aina ya kujua, loo,
vizuri, pick up kitabu cha simu.

1031
00:50:51,740 --> 00:50:52,864
Je, hiyo kweli maana?

1032
00:50:52,864 --> 00:50:59,060
Naam, hiyo kwa kweli ina maana kupanua
mkono, konda juu, kupanua vidole,

1033
00:50:59,060 --> 00:51:03,890
Bana kitabu kati ya vidole,
kusimama, kuvuta mkono kuelekea wewe.

1034
00:51:03,890 --> 00:51:05,940
Na tunaweza kuwa kweli
pedantic kuhusu hili,

1035
00:51:05,940 --> 00:51:08,640
kweli kuwa super sahihi
kama kwa nini mimi kufanya.

1036
00:51:08,640 --> 00:51:13,300
Lakini hatua hizo zote kwa pamoja ni
nini maana ya kuchukua kitabu cha simu.

1037
00:51:13,300 --> 00:51:16,940
>> Na hivyo awali, wakati mimi alisema, kila
ya kauli hizi mbili za kwanza

1038
00:51:16,940 --> 00:51:20,830
inaweza kuchukuliwa kama
kuendelea au kazi,

1039
00:51:20,830 --> 00:51:24,090
kweli inawakilisha nini sisi
kuweka wito kufikirika tu.

1040
00:51:24,090 --> 00:51:28,770
Ni kama kiwango cha juu dhana
maelezo ya tatizo kwamba

1041
00:51:28,770 --> 00:51:31,110
kweli inahusisha hatua chache kabisa.

1042
00:51:31,110 --> 00:51:34,190
Na hivyo hii, pia, ni
mara kwa mara mada katika programu,

1043
00:51:34,190 --> 00:51:41,125
ambapo mimi ili kuandika mpango
kutumia syntax kama hii

1044
00:51:41,125 --> 00:51:42,000
pick_up_phone_book ().

1045
00:51:42,000 --> 00:51:44,344

1046
00:51:44,344 --> 00:51:46,510
Na kisha syntactically, mimi nina
kwenda kuiba kitu

1047
00:51:46,510 --> 00:51:48,090
kutoka lugha nyingi programu.

1048
00:51:48,090 --> 00:51:51,270
>> Sasa, hatua ya 1 inaonekana hata
zaidi kama kazi,

1049
00:51:51,270 --> 00:51:53,160
kama programu kuita yake.

1050
00:51:53,160 --> 00:51:58,650
Inaonekana kama kificho kwamba mtu
amewapa jina kwa na kupewa

1051
00:51:58,650 --> 00:52:03,300
kwangu kutumia somehow-- katika nyingine
maneno, nini mstari nimekuwa yalionyesha

1052
00:52:03,300 --> 00:52:07,050
inawakilisha utendaji kwamba labda
Sikuweza hata kutekeleza mwenyewe.

1053
00:52:07,050 --> 00:52:10,410
Mtu wakubwa, hekima kuliko
me tayari figured nje

1054
00:52:10,410 --> 00:52:12,700
jinsi gani kueleza dhana
ya kuokota kitabu cha simu.

1055
00:52:12,700 --> 00:52:15,860
Na ni kama hatua tano I just
rattled mbali, mbali juu ya kichwa yangu.

1056
00:52:15,860 --> 00:52:19,350
>> Lakini yeye au yeye tayari kutekelezwa
huu, alitoa hatua hizo kadhaa

1057
00:52:19,350 --> 00:52:22,339
jina, pick_up_phone_book.

1058
00:52:22,339 --> 00:52:24,380
Na mabano ni
kile tu programmers zaidi

1059
00:52:24,380 --> 00:52:27,100
kufanya mwishoni mwa kauli kama hii.

1060
00:52:27,100 --> 00:52:30,190
Mimi sasa wanaweza kusimama juu yake
mabega na kamwe tena,

1061
00:52:30,190 --> 00:52:32,465
kufikiri juu ya nini maana
kuchukua kitabu cha simu.

1062
00:52:32,465 --> 00:52:34,090
Naweza kusema tu, pick up kitabu cha simu.

1063
00:52:34,090 --> 00:52:36,690
Na kwamba ni nini hasa
sisi sote binadamu alivyofanya hapa.

1064
00:52:36,690 --> 00:52:38,940
>> Tulipokuwa pengine 1
umri wa miaka, umri wa miaka 2,

1065
00:52:38,940 --> 00:52:41,690
mtu alikuwa na kutufundisha nini
maana ya kuchukua kitabu cha simu.

1066
00:52:41,690 --> 00:52:43,810
Na tangu wakati huo,
tumekuwa yanayotumika mbali

1067
00:52:43,810 --> 00:52:46,739
kutoka kwa wale uninteresting sana
mitambo hatua.

1068
00:52:46,739 --> 00:52:48,530
Na sisi tu na
uelewa Intuitive

1069
00:52:48,530 --> 00:52:50,480
ya nini maana ya
kuchukua kitabu cha simu.

1070
00:52:50,480 --> 00:52:55,730
>> Na unaweza extrapolate sasa
kwa things-- ngumu zaidi

1071
00:52:55,730 --> 00:52:57,640
kujenga jengo.

1072
00:52:57,640 --> 00:52:59,940
Kama, kwa baadhi ya watu,
kwamba kweli ina maana.

1073
00:52:59,940 --> 00:53:03,080
Kwa ujumla, kwa wasanifu,
ambayo ina baadhi ya maana.

1074
00:53:03,080 --> 00:53:06,400
Na wangeweza kujua nini cha kufanya, kama
Nilisema, kwenda kujenga jengo.

1075
00:53:06,400 --> 00:53:10,520
>> Lakini wengi wetu katika chumba hawakuweza
kukabiliana na kwamba kiwango cha ujumla.

1076
00:53:10,520 --> 00:53:14,850
Unahitaji kutuambia kama go kupata
koleo na kwenda kupata thabiti

1077
00:53:14,850 --> 00:53:17,250
na msumari vipande vya mbao
pamoja na kingine chochote

1078
00:53:17,250 --> 00:53:18,830
ni kushiriki katika ujenzi wa jengo hilo.

1079
00:53:18,830 --> 00:53:21,690
Na kwamba kwa sababu tuna si
bado wamekuwa iliyowekwa kuelewa

1080
00:53:21,690 --> 00:53:23,629
nini maana ya kujenga jengo.

1081
00:53:23,629 --> 00:53:24,920
Hatuna kwamba uchukuaji.

1082
00:53:24,920 --> 00:53:26,570
Hatuna kwamba utendaji.

1083
00:53:26,570 --> 00:53:29,930
>> Na hivyo kile utaona katika
lugha za, kwa ujumla,

1084
00:53:29,930 --> 00:53:34,570
Lugha hasa zaidi ya kisasa,
kama Java, PHP, Ruby, na chatu,

1085
00:53:34,570 --> 00:53:37,610
wao uko mengi zaidi kukomaa
kuliko lugha wakubwa,

1086
00:53:37,610 --> 00:53:40,140
kama C na C ++ na bado wengine.

1087
00:53:40,140 --> 00:53:42,580
Na hivyo wao kuja na zaidi
utendaji kujengwa katika.

1088
00:53:42,580 --> 00:53:45,640
Zaidi kificho kimeandikwa
na watu katika siku za nyuma

1089
00:53:45,640 --> 00:53:50,520
kwamba sisi sasa wanaweza kupiga au
kumwita au kutumia, kama mimi nina hinting

1090
00:53:50,520 --> 00:53:52,231
katika na hii yalionyesha line hapa.

1091
00:53:52,231 --> 00:53:55,230
Na hivyo hata kama sisi siyo kuzungumza
kuhusu lugha ya programu per se,

1092
00:53:55,230 --> 00:54:00,230
tu pseudocode kificho, wote wa
mawazo bado katika mazungumzo hayo.

1093
00:54:00,230 --> 00:54:04,600
Na zinageuka usahihi ni
super muhimu, kama ni ya kufikirika tu.

1094
00:54:04,600 --> 00:54:06,570
Na hebu jaribu
kuwasiliana kwamba kama ifuatavyo.

1095
00:54:06,570 --> 00:54:11,000
>> Mimi ajali inaweza kuwa na kuharibiwa
huu kwa flashing slide juu ya screen

1096
00:54:11,000 --> 00:54:12,260
mapema.

1097
00:54:12,260 --> 00:54:16,550
Lakini napenda kuuliza kwa kujitolea jasiri,
kama huna akili kuja juu.

1098
00:54:16,550 --> 00:54:19,040
Wewe d kuwa mbele ya
kamera, ikiwa ni sawa na kwamba.

1099
00:54:19,040 --> 00:54:24,950
Je, mtu yeyote kama kuja na kutoa
maelekezo kwa wenzako hapa?

1100
00:54:24,950 --> 00:54:29,540
Tu na kuja juu hapa na
kusimama hapa na kusema baadhi ya maneno.

1101
00:54:29,540 --> 00:54:32,890
>> Victoria is smiling zaidi
na kuepukana na macho yangu zaidi.

1102
00:54:32,890 --> 00:54:34,740
Je, unaweza kuwa na nia ya kuja juu juu?

1103
00:54:34,740 --> 00:54:35,240
SAWA.

1104
00:54:35,240 --> 00:54:38,480
Na kama kila mtu mwingine katika viti yako
inaweza kuchukua kipande cha karatasi chakavu,

1105
00:54:38,480 --> 00:54:39,750
kama wewe.

1106
00:54:39,750 --> 00:54:40,760
Lined karatasi ni faini.

1107
00:54:40,760 --> 00:54:41,990
Kuja karibu kwa njia hii.

1108
00:54:41,990 --> 00:54:44,580
Au baadhi ya karatasi ambayo
wewe walipewa jana,

1109
00:54:44,580 --> 00:54:46,493
tu yoyote karatasi tupu
cha karatasi, kama unaweza.

1110
00:54:46,493 --> 00:54:52,240

1111
00:54:52,240 --> 00:54:54,870
Na kama huna yoyote, tu
kuuliza jirani yako kama unaweza.

1112
00:54:54,870 --> 00:55:04,220

1113
00:55:04,220 --> 00:55:07,580
>> Hivyo kwa sasa, kwa
mfano huu, Victoria

1114
00:55:07,580 --> 00:55:11,520
ni kwenda kucheza nafasi ya
programu, mhandisi, ambaye

1115
00:55:11,520 --> 00:55:16,130
mahitaji ya mpango nyinyi nyote,
kompyuta, kufanya kitu fulani.

1116
00:55:16,130 --> 00:55:19,570
Na tutaweza kuona nini mawazo
wewe kuamua kufanya.

1117
00:55:19,570 --> 00:55:22,700
Tutaweza kuona jinsi sahihi yeye akiamua kuwa.

1118
00:55:22,700 --> 00:55:26,220
Na kama maandamano hili linakwenda
pedagogically vizuri, kura ya makosa

1119
00:55:26,220 --> 00:55:29,220
zitafanywa, kwamba tutaweza kisha kutumia
kwamba kama fursa kwa ajili ya majadiliano.

1120
00:55:29,220 --> 00:55:32,010
Lakini changamoto kwa unapaswa
kuwa ili kuepuka makosa hayo,

1121
00:55:32,010 --> 00:55:32,896
kuwa na programu nzuri.

1122
00:55:32,896 --> 00:55:35,520
Na hivyo changamoto katika mkono, kama
d walipenda kutembea zaidi ya hapa,

1123
00:55:35,520 --> 00:55:38,799
ni mbele ya Victoria kwenye screen
here-- na hopefully, hakuna hata mmoja wenu

1124
00:55:38,799 --> 00:55:40,590
kumbuka hii wakati mimi
ulimwangazia kwenye screen.

1125
00:55:40,590 --> 00:55:44,097
Na wala kugeuka wakati wote, kwa sababu
kuna screen mwingine katika chumba hiki

1126
00:55:44,097 --> 00:55:44,930
niweze kugeuka mbali.

1127
00:55:44,930 --> 00:55:46,620
Hivyo si kugeuka.

1128
00:55:46,620 --> 00:55:49,090
>> Mbele ya Victoria
ni kwamba scream huo.

1129
00:55:49,090 --> 00:55:54,170
Na kazi yake sasa ni kukuambia yote
juu ya karatasi yako nini kuteka.

1130
00:55:54,170 --> 00:55:57,020
Na tutaona, kwa kuzingatia
maelekezo matusi peke yake,

1131
00:55:57,020 --> 00:56:00,020
kompyuta code, kama wewe,
jinsi sahihi michoro yako

1132
00:56:00,020 --> 00:56:02,330
are-- utekelezaji wako ni.

1133
00:56:02,330 --> 00:56:02,980
Mantiki?

1134
00:56:02,980 --> 00:56:03,604
>> Watazamaji: Yeah.

1135
00:56:03,604 --> 00:56:04,980
DAVID Malan: Sawa, nitafanya.

1136
00:56:04,980 --> 00:56:06,030
>> Watazamaji: Draw mraba.

1137
00:56:06,030 --> 00:56:09,050
>> [Kicheko]

1138
00:56:09,050 --> 00:56:12,310
>> DAVID Malan: Na hakuna
maswali kuulizwa.

1139
00:56:12,310 --> 00:56:13,720
Anaweza tu kufanya kile wewe ni aliiambia.

1140
00:56:13,720 --> 00:56:17,570

1141
00:56:17,570 --> 00:56:22,550
Oh, na kama una slides leo
kufungua katika tabo, si kuangalia tab yako.

1142
00:56:22,550 --> 00:56:23,670
SAWA?

1143
00:56:23,670 --> 00:56:26,135
>> Watazamaji: OK, kuchora mduara.

1144
00:56:26,135 --> 00:56:32,544

1145
00:56:32,544 --> 00:56:34,872
slope-- Naweza kusema mteremko?

1146
00:56:34,872 --> 00:56:35,830
DAVID Malan: Up na wewe.

1147
00:56:35,830 --> 00:56:38,230

1148
00:56:38,230 --> 00:56:38,980
Watazamaji: mteremko.

1149
00:56:38,980 --> 00:56:46,330

1150
00:56:46,330 --> 00:56:49,795
Na pembetatu.

1151
00:56:49,795 --> 00:56:50,850
>> DAVID Malan: zote haki.

1152
00:56:50,850 --> 00:56:52,286
Na kukaa hapa kwa muda tu.

1153
00:56:52,286 --> 00:56:56,046

1154
00:56:56,046 --> 00:56:58,910
Na mimi nina kwenda kuja
karibu katika muda tu.

1155
00:56:58,910 --> 00:57:02,420
Na hakuna haja ya kuweka majina yako juu yake.

1156
00:57:02,420 --> 00:57:05,030
Hebu kuja karibu na
kukusanya michoro yako,

1157
00:57:05,030 --> 00:57:08,330
kama huna akili kuchanika yao nje.

1158
00:57:08,330 --> 00:57:12,110
>> Hapa ni nini sisi got nyuma.

1159
00:57:12,110 --> 00:57:14,770
Mimi itabidi mradi kwenye screen.

1160
00:57:14,770 --> 00:57:18,310
Mimi naona mraba, mduara,
mteremko, na pembetatu.

1161
00:57:18,310 --> 00:57:20,130
Ili kwamba ilikuwa jibu moja huko.

1162
00:57:20,130 --> 00:57:23,640
Na let's-- whoops.

1163
00:57:23,640 --> 00:57:25,370
Asante.

1164
00:57:25,370 --> 00:57:30,710
Hapa ni urval mwingine,
na moja ya nyuma yake.

1165
00:57:30,710 --> 00:57:34,130

1166
00:57:34,130 --> 00:57:37,120
>> Kwa hiyo wote wanaonekana kukamata roho.

1167
00:57:37,120 --> 00:57:38,600
Asante.

1168
00:57:38,600 --> 00:57:44,970
Kuna mwingine, na hapa ni mwingine mmoja.

1169
00:57:44,970 --> 00:57:51,590
mteremko tafsiri ni
tofauti kidogo, kidogo krokiga.

1170
00:57:51,590 --> 00:57:57,140
Na wa karibu, ama kwa sababu ya
ajabu maalum na ambayo wameweza

1171
00:57:57,140 --> 00:58:03,520
ilivyoelezwa, au labda wewe aina ya
walipoona hayo kabla, hii ni kweli

1172
00:58:03,520 --> 00:58:06,340
nini Victoria kwa kweli kueleza.

1173
00:58:06,340 --> 00:58:09,190
>> Lakini sasa, wale ambao
hakuwa na kupata haki kabisa,

1174
00:58:09,190 --> 00:58:11,140
hebu kutoa baadhi ya pingamizi hapa.

1175
00:58:11,140 --> 00:58:13,770
Hivyo Victoria kwanza alisema kuteka mraba.

1176
00:58:13,770 --> 00:58:15,830
Na sasa, tunaweza kudhani
kwa ajili ya leo

1177
00:58:15,830 --> 00:58:17,538
kwamba kila mtu anajua
jinsi ya kuteka mraba.

1178
00:58:17,538 --> 00:58:20,590
Lakini si kwamba kabisa wazi, haki?

1179
00:58:20,590 --> 00:58:23,220
Jinsi mwingine inaweza una
inayotolewa mraba, au ambapo

1180
00:58:23,220 --> 00:58:27,114
inaweza kuwa baadhi ya utata
hapa kwa kompyuta?

1181
00:58:27,114 --> 00:58:28,280
Watazamaji: Eneo na ukubwa.

1182
00:58:28,280 --> 00:58:28,980
DAVID Malan: Location, haki?

1183
00:58:28,980 --> 00:58:32,070
Nyote alikuwa karatasi ya baadhi sura,
ujumla mistatili, lakini kidogo

1184
00:58:32,070 --> 00:58:32,830
ukubwa tofauti.

1185
00:58:32,830 --> 00:58:36,250
Lakini wewe hakika anaweza kuwa inayotolewa,
kama alitaka, mraba kubwa, labda

1186
00:58:36,250 --> 00:58:37,220
mraba vidogo.

1187
00:58:37,220 --> 00:58:38,417
Labda, ilikuwa kuzungushwa.

1188
00:58:38,417 --> 00:58:39,500
Sidhani tuliona kuwa.

1189
00:58:39,500 --> 00:58:41,790
Lakini inaweza kuwa zaidi diamond
kama lakini bado, hata hivyo,

1190
00:58:41,790 --> 00:58:42,900
kimahesabu mraba.

1191
00:58:42,900 --> 00:58:44,850
Ili kwamba ilikuwa arguably utata.

1192
00:58:44,850 --> 00:58:46,709
>> Ndipo akasema, kuchora mduara.

1193
00:58:46,709 --> 00:58:49,250
Wengine wenu hawakuwa kuteka ni karibu na
yake, ambayo si maana,

1194
00:58:49,250 --> 00:58:52,450
kwa sababu binadamu huwa na kufikiri au kusoma
kulia na kushoto katika lugha nyingi, hivyo si

1195
00:58:52,450 --> 00:58:53,017
nadhani mbaya.

1196
00:58:53,017 --> 00:58:55,100
Lakini mduara ambayo inaweza kuwa na
wamekuwa ndani ya mraba,

1197
00:58:55,100 --> 00:58:57,600
inaweza wamekuwa karibu
mraba, wangeweza mahali pengine

1198
00:58:57,600 --> 00:58:59,480
kwenye karatasi, hivyo arguably utata.

1199
00:58:59,480 --> 00:59:03,290
>> Mteremko anaweza kuwa labda
kuchukua uhuru zaidi kwa maneno

1200
00:59:03,290 --> 00:59:04,200
na nini maana.

1201
00:59:04,200 --> 00:59:06,980
Na baadhi yenu kutafsiriwa
kama line squiggly

1202
00:59:06,980 --> 00:59:08,560
au line moja kwa moja au kama.

1203
00:59:08,560 --> 00:59:11,719
Na kisha pembetatu, pia, inaweza kuwa
wamekuwa oriented katika idadi yoyote ya njia.

1204
00:59:11,719 --> 00:59:14,760
Hivyo katika muda mfupi, hata kwa kitu ambacho
mtazamo na wewe ni kama, wow, hivyo

1205
00:59:14,760 --> 00:59:17,020
rahisi, mtoto anaweza
kuteka hii, vizuri si

1206
00:59:17,020 --> 00:59:19,640
kweli, kama wewe ni
super, super kuvutia

1207
00:59:19,640 --> 00:59:22,045
na kuwaambia kompyuta
hasa nini cha kufanya.

1208
00:59:22,045 --> 00:59:24,420
Hivyo kama tunaweza, kama una
mwingine karatasi, hebu

1209
00:59:24,420 --> 00:59:26,710
jaribu hii mara moja zaidi.

1210
00:59:26,710 --> 00:59:29,880
Na mimi nina kwenda kutoa Victoria moja
mfano mmoja juu ya screen hapa.

1211
00:59:29,880 --> 00:59:34,060
Na tena, wala kugeuka
na si kuangalia slides yako.

1212
00:59:34,060 --> 00:59:37,304
Na mimi itabidi ampe muda wa
kufikiri kuhusu jinsi ya kuelezea hili.

1213
00:59:37,304 --> 00:59:39,012
Je, si waache kuona
hofu katika macho yako.

1214
00:59:39,012 --> 00:59:40,820
>> [Kicheko]

1215
00:59:40,820 --> 00:59:43,710
>> Na tena, hii kujiinua wakati
baadhi ya takeaways wale

1216
00:59:43,710 --> 00:59:48,130
na kujaribu kupata karibu kila mtu
angalau jibu sahihi.

1217
00:59:48,130 --> 00:59:52,260
>> Watazamaji: OK, kuchukua
kipande cha karatasi, kuangalia

1218
00:59:52,260 --> 00:59:54,500
katikati ya kwamba kipande cha karatasi.

1219
00:59:54,500 --> 00:59:59,591
Katikati ya kipande kwamba
cha karatasi, kuteka mchemraba.

1220
00:59:59,591 --> 01:00:01,244
>> [Kicheko]

1221
01:00:01,244 --> 01:00:02,660
DAVID Malan: Nini kuwa tumejifunza?

1222
01:00:02,660 --> 01:00:03,540
Sisi walikuwa karibu.

1223
01:00:03,540 --> 01:00:06,320

1224
01:00:06,320 --> 01:00:09,045
OK, kurudia kama unaweza, kwa kila mtu.

1225
01:00:09,045 --> 01:00:13,210
>> Watazamaji: Katikati ya
kipande cha karatasi, kuteka kitu,

1226
01:00:13,210 --> 01:00:14,842
ambayo inaonekana kama mchemraba.

1227
01:00:14,842 --> 01:00:17,332
>> DAVID Malan: OK, hiyo ni
wote kupata kufanya kazi pamoja.

1228
01:00:17,332 --> 01:00:20,010

1229
01:00:20,010 --> 01:00:23,080
Naomba kuwa uchambuzi
na si sana muhimu,

1230
01:00:23,080 --> 01:00:25,720
lakini kufanya kudai
kwamba Victoria dhahiri

1231
01:00:25,720 --> 01:00:28,967
inaonekana kuwa kufikiri katika sana
ngazi ya juu uchukuaji, ambayo

1232
01:00:28,967 --> 01:00:29,800
si maana.

1233
01:00:29,800 --> 01:00:32,160
Kwa sababu vinginevyo, nasi sote
kuwa pretty haifanyi kazi,

1234
01:00:32,160 --> 01:00:35,740
kama tulikuwa na kuwa milele hivyo sahihi
na kila kitu sisi kufanya katika dunia.

1235
01:00:35,740 --> 01:00:38,890
>> Lakini kusema kwenda mimi middle--
walidhani tulikuwa kwenye hizo kufuatilia nzuri

1236
01:00:38,890 --> 01:00:42,340
huko, kama kwenda katikati sana
ya ukurasa, na kisha kuteka mchemraba.

1237
01:00:42,340 --> 01:00:45,730
Hivyo yeye ni kufikiri katika uchukuaji,
kwa sababu yeye bado kuangalia

1238
01:00:45,730 --> 01:00:48,490
nini juu ya screen kama kweli mchemraba.

1239
01:00:48,490 --> 01:00:51,185
Lakini kuna fursa nyingi
kwa tafsiri huko.

1240
01:00:51,185 --> 01:00:53,560
Na kwa kweli, kuna wengi
njia nyingine unaweza kueleza

1241
01:00:53,560 --> 01:00:55,101
kwamba, ambayo mimi itabidi kupendekeza katika wakati huu.

1242
01:00:55,101 --> 01:00:59,770
Hivyo hapa tuna mwili mmoja
ya picture-- whoops-- moja

1243
01:00:59,770 --> 01:01:02,830
mwili wa picha, hivyo
kidogo tatu dimensionality kwa hiyo,

1244
01:01:02,830 --> 01:01:04,160
ambayo ni nzuri.

1245
01:01:04,160 --> 01:01:08,470
>> Hapa ni mtu mwingine, ambapo una
huo huo, ingawa ni aina ya cube wazi.

1246
01:01:08,470 --> 01:01:12,020
Baadhi ya folks alichukua ni kidogo
zaidi gorofa, pande mbili.

1247
01:01:12,020 --> 01:01:13,910
Na hiyo ni faini.

1248
01:01:13,910 --> 01:01:17,380
Kwa hiyo, kuna, kwa kweli katika
katikati ya karatasi.

1249
01:01:17,380 --> 01:01:22,720
Hii moja nadhani itabidi
kama, kwa sababu kama sisi kwenda hapa,

1250
01:01:22,720 --> 01:01:25,130
hii ni nini yeye alikuwa akieleza.

1251
01:01:25,130 --> 01:01:29,570
Hivyo sasa, napenda kupendekeza jinsi mwingine
tupate kuelezea hali hii.

1252
01:01:29,570 --> 01:01:34,070
>> Nyuma katika siku, mmoja wa watu wengi
njia ya kawaida zaidi kwa kujifunza programu

1253
01:01:34,070 --> 01:01:38,900
ilikuwa ni kuandika code, anaandika
mistari ya maelekezo,

1254
01:01:38,900 --> 01:01:42,640
kwamba kudhibitiwa kidogo
kobe ​​juu ya screen.

1255
01:01:42,640 --> 01:01:45,660
Rangi na lahaja nyingine ya hii
ilikuwa jina la lugha.

1256
01:01:45,660 --> 01:01:47,550
Na kobe aliishi duniani.

1257
01:01:47,550 --> 01:01:49,970
>> Hivyo tuseme rectangular hii
nafasi ni ulimwengu wake.

1258
01:01:49,970 --> 01:01:53,340
Na ungependa kuanza kwa assuming-- mimi
si kweli kujua jinsi ya kuteka kobe,

1259
01:01:53,340 --> 01:01:54,740
hivyo hebu kufanya hivyo kama hii.

1260
01:01:54,740 --> 01:01:57,340
Na kisha yeye got shell
na kisha labda baadhi miguu.

1261
01:01:57,340 --> 01:01:59,840
Hivyo unaweza kuwa na hii kidogo
tabia kwenye screen.

1262
01:01:59,840 --> 01:02:02,270
>> Na kitu cha hii
lugha ya programu

1263
01:02:02,270 --> 01:02:06,070
ilikuwa kumlazimisha kobe
kwenda juu, chini, kushoto, kulia

1264
01:02:06,070 --> 01:02:08,420
na kuweka kalamu yake chini
au kuchukua kalamu yake juu,

1265
01:02:08,420 --> 01:02:12,720
ili aweze kweli kuteka juu ya screen
katika dunia hii gorofa sana mstatili.

1266
01:02:12,720 --> 01:02:16,850
Hivyo ambapo Nilidhani unaweza kuwa kwenda,
na ambapo unapaswa kufikiria mbizi

1267
01:02:16,850 --> 01:02:19,520
chini ya kiakili wakati wa kuelezea
maelekezo zaidi kwa ujumla,

1268
01:02:19,520 --> 01:02:21,720
Napenda kudai, ni kuweka yako
kalamu chini katika middle--

1269
01:02:21,720 --> 01:02:23,100
na tutaweza kujikwamua
kobe, kwa sababu siwezi kweli

1270
01:02:23,100 --> 01:02:24,680
kuweka kuchora yake vizuri sana.

1271
01:02:24,680 --> 01:02:27,170
>> Na sasa, jinsi mwingine angeweza
Nasema kuteka mchemraba?

1272
01:02:27,170 --> 01:02:32,830
Naam, tunaweza kusema kitu kama sare
diagonal line kaskazini, kwa mfano,

1273
01:02:32,830 --> 01:02:35,182
au 45 nyuzi zaidi.

1274
01:02:35,182 --> 01:02:36,640
Na kwamba inaweza kuwa na kujipatia mimi hapa.

1275
01:02:36,640 --> 01:02:38,380
Na mimi nina pretty mbali na mchemraba.

1276
01:02:38,380 --> 01:02:42,430
Lakini sasa, mimi naweza kusema kitu
kama kugeuka nyuzi 90 kwa upande wa kushoto

1277
01:02:42,430 --> 01:02:47,370
na kuchora mstari wa
urefu sawa kaskazini magharibi.

1278
01:02:47,370 --> 01:02:49,470
Na mimi naweza kuendelea
na maelekezo hayo.

1279
01:02:49,470 --> 01:02:50,720
Na si kwenda kuwa rahisi.

1280
01:02:50,720 --> 01:02:53,345
Na kusema ukweli, sisi pengine ingekuwa
wamekuwa hapa kwa dakika tano.

1281
01:02:53,345 --> 01:02:59,600
Lakini labda tunataka kuwa wamezipata kwa
kitu ambacho, mwisho wa siku,

1282
01:02:59,600 --> 01:03:04,280
kuishia kuwa mchemraba, lakini sisi
dived ndani ya ujumla kwamba

1283
01:03:04,280 --> 01:03:06,370
ya kufanya hivyo wakati kama Asili
ngazi ambayo unaweza si kweli

1284
01:03:06,370 --> 01:03:09,795
kuona nini unafanya mpaka nzima
jambo ni kweli kuna juu ya ukurasa.

1285
01:03:09,795 --> 01:03:12,670
Na hivyo hii ni kanuni ya jumla,
tena, wazo hili programming--

1286
01:03:12,670 --> 01:03:13,320
kwa ujumla.

1287
01:03:13,320 --> 01:03:15,920
Ni hivyo ajabu
nguvu, kwa sababu tena,

1288
01:03:15,920 --> 01:03:19,281
yeye tu alisema, kuteka mchemraba, ambayo yote ya
sisi pretty kiasi gani grok kwa haraka sana.

1289
01:03:19,281 --> 01:03:21,030
Tunataka tu kuelewa,
OK, kuteka mchemraba.

1290
01:03:21,030 --> 01:03:24,030
Tupate kujua mwelekeo,
hivyo tunaweza kuwa ni kidogo sahihi zaidi,

1291
01:03:24,030 --> 01:03:26,297
lakini tunaweza ujumla picha
au kujua nini mchemraba ni.

1292
01:03:26,297 --> 01:03:28,130
Na kwamba ni muhimu,
kwa sababu kama kila wakati

1293
01:03:28,130 --> 01:03:31,540
waliketi kama programu katika
keyboard yako ya kuandika kanuni,

1294
01:03:31,540 --> 01:03:33,912
kama alikuwa na kufikiri katika vile
ngazi ya chini, hakuna hata mmoja wetu

1295
01:03:33,912 --> 01:03:35,120
ingekuwa milele kupata kitu chochote kufanyika.

1296
01:03:35,120 --> 01:03:38,259
Na hakika, hakuna hata mmoja wetu ingekuwa
kufurahia mchakato wa kuandika code.

1297
01:03:38,259 --> 01:03:41,550
Itakuwa kama kuandika katika 0 na 1 ya,
ambayo kusema ukweli ilikuwa si wote kwamba zamani

1298
01:03:41,550 --> 01:03:43,680
binadamu walikuwa kuandika kanuni katika 0 na 1 ya.

1299
01:03:43,680 --> 01:03:46,960
Na sisi haraka sana alikuja na
hizi ngazi za juu languages--

1300
01:03:46,960 --> 01:03:49,410
C ++ na Java na wengine.

1301
01:03:49,410 --> 01:03:52,500
>> Basi hebu jaribu hii mara moja zaidi tu ya
flip meza, ili sisi sote

1302
01:03:52,500 --> 01:03:55,450
kuwa na nafasi ya kufikiri
katika badala njia hiyo hiyo.

1303
01:03:55,450 --> 01:03:59,230
Je, tunaweza kupata moja zaidi kujitolea hii
muda wa kuja kwa bodi na kuteka,

1304
01:03:59,230 --> 01:04:01,480
si wanasoma?

1305
01:04:01,480 --> 01:04:02,070
Yeah, OK.

1306
01:04:02,070 --> 01:04:04,820
Ben, kuja juu juu.

1307
01:04:04,820 --> 01:04:08,510
Na, Ben, katika kesi hii, mara moja
uso bodi, si kuangalia kushoto,

1308
01:04:08,510 --> 01:04:09,370
si kuangalia haki.

1309
01:04:09,370 --> 01:04:12,367
Tu kufanya kile yako
wenzake hapa kukuambia.

1310
01:04:12,367 --> 01:04:14,950
Na kwa kila mtu mwingine katika
chumba, sasa ni programu.

1311
01:04:14,950 --> 01:04:16,020
Yeye ni kompyuta.

1312
01:04:16,020 --> 01:04:21,395
Na picha nimekuwa waliochaguliwa hapa
mapema ni hii moja hapa.

1313
01:04:21,395 --> 01:04:24,490

1314
01:04:24,490 --> 01:04:27,660
Wao ni just-- wao ni kufikiri
ya funny utani ni wote.

1315
01:04:27,660 --> 01:04:31,510
>> Hivyo ingekuwa haina mtu kama
kujitolea mafundisho ya kwanza

1316
01:04:31,510 --> 01:04:35,470
au kauli kwamba lazima
kalamu amri Ben?

1317
01:04:35,470 --> 01:04:40,850
Na tutaweza kufanya hivyo kwa pamoja, labda
mafundisho mmoja kutoka kila mtu.

1318
01:04:40,850 --> 01:04:41,440
Samahani?

1319
01:04:41,440 --> 01:04:42,440
>> Watazamaji: Chora mzunguko.

1320
01:04:42,440 --> 01:04:45,866
DAVID Malan: Chora mzunguko
ni jambo la kwanza mimi kusikia.

1321
01:04:45,866 --> 01:04:47,100
>> Watazamaji: Up juu.

1322
01:04:47,100 --> 01:04:48,140
>> DAVID Malan: Up juu.

1323
01:04:48,140 --> 01:04:52,504
OK, tunaweza basi wewe kufuta, tengua.

1324
01:04:52,504 --> 01:04:53,420
Na sasa, mtu mwingine.

1325
01:04:53,420 --> 01:04:55,994
Dan, ungeweza kuwa comfy
sadaka mafundisho ya hapo?

1326
01:04:55,994 --> 01:05:02,070
>> Watazamaji: Ni kweli, kuteka kituo cha
ya chini ya mduara,

1327
01:05:02,070 --> 01:05:07,121
na small-- kidogo
nafasi ndogo na kwamba,

1328
01:05:07,121 --> 01:05:15,420
kuchora mstari moja kwa moja chini ya tatu
robo ya njia ya chini bodi

1329
01:05:15,420 --> 01:05:17,845
pembeni kidogo kwa upande wa kushoto yako.

1330
01:05:17,845 --> 01:05:21,250

1331
01:05:21,250 --> 01:05:22,620
>> DAVID Malan: Good.

1332
01:05:22,620 --> 01:05:24,086
>> Watazamaji: Kidogo pembeni.

1333
01:05:24,086 --> 01:05:32,807
>> DAVID Malan: Undo, Control-Z. SAWA.

1334
01:05:32,807 --> 01:05:34,890
Andrew, unataka kutoa
up mafundisho ya hapo?

1335
01:05:34,890 --> 01:05:35,515
>> Watazamaji: Sure.

1336
01:05:35,515 --> 01:05:43,250
Kutoka chini ya mstari huo,
zaidi kidogo angle--

1337
01:05:43,250 --> 01:05:49,024
whoops-- labda theluthi
urefu wa [inaudible],

1338
01:05:49,024 --> 01:05:52,928
pembeni kidogo kushuka na kama
tatu ya urefu wa [inaudible].

1339
01:05:52,928 --> 01:05:57,550

1340
01:05:57,550 --> 01:06:00,578
Hivyo yeah, kutokana na hatua hiyo,
kuchora mstari wa tatu

1341
01:06:00,578 --> 01:06:04,150
ya urefu wa awali
line zaidi kwa upande wa kushoto.

1342
01:06:04,150 --> 01:06:08,416

1343
01:06:08,416 --> 01:06:10,040
>> DAVID Malan: Hiyo OK?

1344
01:06:10,040 --> 01:06:12,330
Moja kwa moja line, hiyo ni sawa?

1345
01:06:12,330 --> 01:06:14,900
OK, Olivier, unataka
mtoe ijayo?

1346
01:06:14,900 --> 01:06:28,564
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible] kutoka
chini ya mduara, [inaudible].

1347
01:06:28,564 --> 01:06:32,000

1348
01:06:32,000 --> 01:06:45,126
Kuteka upande wa kulia
ya [inaudible] sentimita.

1349
01:06:45,126 --> 01:06:46,560
>> [Kicheko]

1350
01:06:46,560 --> 01:06:49,872
>> DAVID Malan: Nadhani wewe ni kwenda
na kubadili hiyo ni inches hapa.

1351
01:06:49,872 --> 01:06:50,764
>> Watazamaji: Acheni.

1352
01:06:50,764 --> 01:06:52,186
>> [Kicheko]

1353
01:06:52,186 --> 01:06:54,570
>> DAVID Malan: Sawa.

1354
01:06:54,570 --> 01:06:56,660
[? Ara,?] Unataka
mtoe ijayo?

1355
01:06:56,660 --> 01:07:00,653

1356
01:07:00,653 --> 01:07:15,443
>> Watazamaji: Draw [inaudible]
juu [inaudible] hiyo.

1357
01:07:15,443 --> 01:07:28,829
[Inaudible] mduara, kuteka kwa
[Inaudible] na kuteka [inaudible].

1358
01:07:28,829 --> 01:07:33,799

1359
01:07:33,799 --> 01:07:36,730
>> DAVID Malan: OK, hakuna zaidi tengua.

1360
01:07:36,730 --> 01:07:38,390
Hebu kufanya maelekezo moja au mbili zaidi.

1361
01:07:38,390 --> 01:07:40,825
Chris, unataka kutoa moja?

1362
01:07:40,825 --> 01:07:46,182
>> Watazamaji: Chini
ya mduara, [inaudible]

1363
01:07:46,182 --> 01:07:51,528
kuteka sawa line slopping
kushuka kwa upande wa kushoto [inaudible].

1364
01:07:51,528 --> 01:07:59,304

1365
01:07:59,304 --> 01:08:00,590
>> DAVID Malan: Sawa.

1366
01:08:00,590 --> 01:08:01,170
Andrew?

1367
01:08:01,170 --> 01:08:02,472
Sisi did-- Karim?

1368
01:08:02,472 --> 01:08:06,891

1369
01:08:06,891 --> 01:08:13,765
>> Watazamaji: Kuanzia mstari wa kulia,
mwisho wa mstari wa kushoto, chini,

1370
01:08:13,765 --> 01:08:21,012
wewe ni kwenda haki juu
urefu sawa na line kwamba

1371
01:08:21,012 --> 01:08:27,680
uko juu, kuchora kwa
haki [inaudible].

1372
01:08:27,680 --> 01:08:33,572

1373
01:08:33,572 --> 01:08:37,991
[Inaudible] digrii, hivyo [inaudible]
digrii upande wa kulia.

1374
01:08:37,991 --> 01:08:41,919

1375
01:08:41,919 --> 01:08:43,500
>> DAVID Malan: zote haki.

1376
01:08:43,500 --> 01:08:44,029
Hebu pause.

1377
01:08:44,029 --> 01:08:44,950
Je, si kugeuka bado.

1378
01:08:44,950 --> 01:08:46,783
Hebu pause, na hebu
kujaribu jaribio moja nyingine

1379
01:08:46,783 --> 01:08:48,850
kabla ya sisi yatangaza Ben
nini amekuwa kuchora.

1380
01:08:48,850 --> 01:08:51,189
Je, unaweza changa Ben kwa
right-- au kweli,

1381
01:08:51,189 --> 01:08:54,080
hakuna, hebu tu kukupa
ubao mwingine, hata bora.

1382
01:08:54,080 --> 01:08:57,640
Hivyo ingekuwa mtu sasa kama
kuchukua zaidi ya mfumo wa

1383
01:08:57,640 --> 01:09:02,149
kwamba Victoria alichukua hapo awali, ambapo
sisi kusema katika ngazi uchukuaji juu

1384
01:09:02,149 --> 01:09:05,149
na katika tu adhabu
au mbili kuelezea kwa Ben

1385
01:09:05,149 --> 01:09:07,229
nini kuteka bila
kuingia katika magugu,

1386
01:09:07,229 --> 01:09:10,670
hivyo kusema, kwa kiwango hiki cha chini?

1387
01:09:10,670 --> 01:09:11,206
Victoria.

1388
01:09:11,206 --> 01:09:11,706
[Kicheko]

1389
01:09:11,706 --> 01:09:14,249
Watazamaji: Draw takwimu
ya kutembea mtu.

1390
01:09:14,249 --> 01:09:18,866
Na miguu na mikono yake
kuwa upande wa kulia.

1391
01:09:18,866 --> 01:09:20,505
>> DAVID Malan: OK, hiyo ni wote kupata.

1392
01:09:20,505 --> 01:09:27,210

1393
01:09:27,210 --> 01:09:27,710
Sawa.

1394
01:09:27,710 --> 01:09:31,609
Mbona sisi yatangaza Ben aliyoyafanya.

1395
01:09:31,609 --> 01:09:32,890
Hivyo raundi ya applause.

1396
01:09:32,890 --> 01:09:35,700
Hiyo ilikuwa ni gumu labda.

1397
01:09:35,700 --> 01:09:37,931
>> Hivyo hata kama tunazungumzia
katika suala uungwana silly

1398
01:09:37,931 --> 01:09:39,680
kuhusu kuchora tu
picha, hopefully wewe

1399
01:09:39,680 --> 01:09:44,226
unaweza kweli kufahamu shahada ya
expressiveness hiyo inaweza kuwa ni muhimu

1400
01:09:44,226 --> 01:09:45,850
ili kuwaambia kompyuta nini cha kufanya.

1401
01:09:45,850 --> 01:09:50,370
Na kwa kweli, ukweli kwamba Ben
alikuwa na uwezo wa kuteka hii hivyo haraka

1402
01:09:50,370 --> 01:09:54,227
ni aina ya ushahidi wa kutumia
lugha, labda kiwango cha juu

1403
01:09:54,227 --> 01:09:57,060
toleo la Kiingereza, kwamba inaruhusu yake
tu kutumia maneno, au kusikia maneno

1404
01:09:57,060 --> 01:09:59,990
kutoka Victoria, kwamba kumruhusu
hizi abstractions-- kuteka tu

1405
01:09:59,990 --> 01:10:03,020
takwimu kutembea kwa
right-- kwamba aina ya ina

1406
01:10:03,020 --> 01:10:07,100
baadhi maana semantic hiyo ambayo si
karibu kama dhahiri wakati uko tu

1407
01:10:07,100 --> 01:10:10,310
akisema, kuweka kalamu yako chini, kuteka
na haki, kuteka upande wa kushoto.

1408
01:10:10,310 --> 01:10:12,420
>> Na hivyo hii, pia, ni sana
kawaida katika programu.

1409
01:10:12,420 --> 01:10:15,253
Hii itakuwa alisema kuwa kama
chini sana lugha ngazi, programu

1410
01:10:15,253 --> 01:10:16,730
katika 0 na 1 ya kama wewe.

1411
01:10:16,730 --> 01:10:19,320
Na hii itakuwa kiwango cha juu
programu lugha katika Java,

1412
01:10:19,320 --> 01:10:20,278
au kitu kama hicho.

1413
01:10:20,278 --> 01:10:22,050
kidogo ya
kurahisisha, lakini hiyo ni

1414
01:10:22,050 --> 01:10:24,310
aina ya kama hisia
hisia kwamba wewe kujisikia wakati

1415
01:10:24,310 --> 01:10:26,630
kutumia aina moja ya jambo au nyingine.

1416
01:10:26,630 --> 01:10:32,650
kidogo ya kuchanganyikiwa hapa na haja
kwa usahihi kama, lakini fursa

1417
01:10:32,650 --> 01:10:34,930
kuwa looser kidogo na
tafsiri hapa.

1418
01:10:34,930 --> 01:10:38,060
Lakini bila shaka, mende
yanaweza kutokea kama matokeo.

1419
01:10:38,060 --> 01:10:40,500
>> Kama Ningependa katika home-- sisi
si kufanya hii moja katika class--

1420
01:10:40,500 --> 01:10:41,900
lakini kama Ningependa
kuleta hii nyumbani moja,

1421
01:10:41,900 --> 01:10:43,387
Nilidhani tunataka kupiga mbizi katika hili.

1422
01:10:43,387 --> 01:10:45,970
Hivyo kama wewe Ningependa kucheza hii
mchezo na nyingine muhimu yako

1423
01:10:45,970 --> 01:10:49,180
au watoto au kama, wewe
anaweza kufurahia kuwa vilevile.

1424
01:10:49,180 --> 01:10:54,460
>> Basi hebu kwenda mbele na kuangalia moja ya mwisho
Jambo hapa kwa kufikiri computational.

1425
01:10:54,460 --> 01:10:57,010
Na kwamba inatuleta John
Oliver, si kwa kipande cha

1426
01:10:57,010 --> 01:11:00,070
unaweza kuwa na kuonekana jana usiku,
lakini kwa suala fulani hivi karibuni.

1427
01:11:00,070 --> 01:11:03,310
miezi michache nyuma, Volkswagen
alichukua kidogo kabisa ya flak

1428
01:11:03,310 --> 01:11:05,651
kwa sababu gani, kama nyinyi mnajua?

1429
01:11:05,651 --> 01:11:07,025
Je, wao kupata shida kwa?

1430
01:11:07,025 --> 01:11:10,270

1431
01:11:10,270 --> 01:11:14,030
>> Yeah, hivyo emissions-- wao
walikuwa wakijaribu kuwapiga uzalishaji

1432
01:11:14,030 --> 01:11:19,100
vipimo na kimsingi kuwa wao
magari kuchafua mazingira chini

1433
01:11:19,100 --> 01:11:23,620
wakati magari yao walikuwa kuwa majaribio
na kuchafua mazingira zaidi

1434
01:11:23,620 --> 01:11:25,547
wakati magari walikuwa si kuwa majaribio.

1435
01:11:25,547 --> 01:11:28,630
Na nini inazidi kuvutia
katika dunia, kama unaweza kuwa inferred

1436
01:11:28,630 --> 01:11:34,072
kutoka kwa majadiliano ya like-- nini
it-- CarPlay, programu Apple kwa ajili ya magari

1437
01:11:34,072 --> 01:11:35,780
na ukweli kwamba wengi
mmoja wetu inazidi

1438
01:11:35,780 --> 01:11:38,390
na skrini ya kugusa katika magari yetu,
kuna kiasi kutisha

1439
01:11:38,390 --> 01:11:41,250
cha programu katika watu
magari leo, ambayo

1440
01:11:41,250 --> 01:11:45,650
kusema ukweli kufungua can nzima ya minyoo wakati
suala la usalama na hatari za kimwili.

1441
01:11:45,650 --> 01:11:48,070
Lakini kwa leo, hebu
kuzingatia tu nini

1442
01:11:48,070 --> 01:11:52,170
kushiriki katika kuandika programu
kwamba wanaweza kuwa na gamed mfumo.

1443
01:11:52,170 --> 01:11:54,510
>> Kwa ufafanuzi wa
tatizo, kwa wale usio wa kawaida,

1444
01:11:54,510 --> 01:11:55,740
hebu tuangalie John Oliver.

1445
01:11:55,740 --> 01:11:58,115
Na kwa wale jamaa na
tatizo, hebu tuangalie ni

1446
01:11:58,115 --> 01:12:00,480
katika Lens furaha kupitia John Oliver vilevile.

1447
01:12:00,480 --> 01:12:05,810
Hivyo basi mimi hit kucheza juu ya hili, mimi
kufikiri, dakika tatu utangulizi.

1448
01:12:05,810 --> 01:12:07,074
Jamani.

1449
01:12:07,074 --> 01:12:07,740
[VIDEO avspelning]

1450
01:12:07,740 --> 01:12:08,170
-Cars--

1451
01:12:08,170 --> 01:12:09,919
DAVID Malan: Ni wazi,
kwenye YouTube, it's--

1452
01:12:09,919 --> 01:12:12,500
- --the Wahusika smartest katika
Haraka na hasira sinema.

1453
01:12:12,500 --> 01:12:16,080
Wiki hii, German automaker
Volkswagen kupatikana yenyewe

1454
01:12:16,080 --> 01:12:19,430
katikati ya kashfa ya
proportions uwezekano jinai.

1455
01:12:19,430 --> 01:12:23,020
>> -Volkswagen Ni bracing kwa mabilioni
katika faini, inawezekana mashtaka ya jinai

1456
01:12:23,020 --> 01:12:25,530
kwa watendaji wake, kama
kampuni msamaha

1457
01:12:25,530 --> 01:12:28,790
kwa wizi wa magari milioni 11 kwa
kusaidia kuwapiga vipimo uzalishaji.

1458
01:12:28,790 --> 01:12:32,110
>> mifano -Certain dizeli walikuwa iliyoundwa
na programu ya kisasa kwamba

1459
01:12:32,110 --> 01:12:35,410
kutumika maelezo, ikiwa ni pamoja nafasi
ya usukani na gari

1460
01:12:35,410 --> 01:12:38,820
kasi, na kuamua gari ilikuwa
kufanyiwa uzalishaji kupima.

1461
01:12:38,820 --> 01:12:42,620
Chini ya hali hiyo, injini
itakuwa kupunguza uzalishaji wa sumu.

1462
01:12:42,620 --> 01:12:46,040
Lakini gari ziliibwa kwa bypass
kwamba wakati ilikuwa likiendeshwa.

1463
01:12:46,040 --> 01:12:51,370
Uzalishaji kuongezeka 10 hadi 40
mara juu ya viwango vya kukubalika EPA.

1464
01:12:51,370 --> 01:12:55,920
>> -Wow, 10 na mara 40
kubwa kuliko EPA inaruhusu.

1465
01:12:55,920 --> 01:12:59,570
Ni jambo baya
Volkswagen kuwahi kufanyika,

1466
01:12:59,570 --> 01:13:04,200
ni kitu unaweza kusema kama
d sijawahi kusikia Vita Kuu ya II.

1467
01:13:04,200 --> 01:13:09,710
Lakini labda ishara ya uhakika ya jinsi
matatizo mengi Volkswagen ni katika,

1468
01:13:09,710 --> 01:13:12,730
ni kwamba watu katika sana
juu kuwa na kupitiwa chini.

1469
01:13:12,730 --> 01:13:16,320
Mkurugenzi Mtendaji alijiuzulu siku ya Jumatano baada ya
scrambling kufanya kudhibiti uharibifu,

1470
01:13:16,320 --> 01:13:20,380
akisema yeye alikuwa ukomo pole, ambayo
akapiga kubwa mpaka aligeuka

1471
01:13:20,380 --> 01:13:22,920
alikuwa tu 10% pole
lakini alikuwa wizi wa kura kinywa chake

1472
01:13:22,920 --> 01:13:25,600
artificially puliza sorriness yake.

1473
01:13:25,600 --> 01:13:29,700
Na wakati huo huo, Volkswagen ya Marekani
mkuu alikuwa msamaha yake mwenyewe.

1474
01:13:29,700 --> 01:13:33,580
>> -Let Kuwa wazi kuhusu hili,
kampuni yetu alikuwa mwaminifu.

1475
01:13:33,580 --> 01:13:37,140
Na katika maneno yangu German, sisi
kuwa kabisa Star up.

1476
01:13:37,140 --> 01:13:41,360
>> -Yeah, Lakini kabisa Star
up si kazi ya Ujerumani.

1477
01:13:41,360 --> 01:13:43,750
Na lugha ya Kijerumani
ina maneno mengi mazuri

1478
01:13:43,750 --> 01:13:50,070
waeleze hali kama hii,
kama vile [GERMAN], ambayo ina maana takribani,

1479
01:13:50,070 --> 01:13:52,870
huzuni kwamba linatokana
kutoka uongo biashara kuhusiana,

1480
01:13:52,870 --> 01:13:59,060
au [GERMAN], ambayo inasababisha
kama shaming ndio baba kuwashirikisha

1481
01:13:59,060 --> 01:14:00,352
mawingu ya petroli.

1482
01:14:00,352 --> 01:14:02,060
Ni lugha nzuri.

1483
01:14:02,060 --> 01:14:04,660
Ni tu sails mbali ulimi.

1484
01:14:04,660 --> 01:14:07,920
Na kwa njia, wakati kwamba mtu
kuomba msamaha inaweza kuwa na akapiga kweli,

1485
01:14:07,920 --> 01:14:12,260
ni thamani kubainisha yeye alikuwa akiongea katika
uzinduzi rasmi wa chama kwa ajili ya 2016

1486
01:14:12,260 --> 01:14:17,310
Volkswagen Passat, kwa maana ya kwamba muda mfupi
baada ya kusema pole, alisema huu.

1487
01:14:17,310 --> 01:14:18,850
>> -Thank Sana kwa ijayo.

1488
01:14:18,850 --> 01:14:19,630
Kufurahia jioni.

1489
01:14:19,630 --> 01:14:21,300
Up ijayo ni Lenny Kravitz.

1490
01:14:21,300 --> 01:14:24,640
>> [Music kucheza]

1491
01:14:24,640 --> 01:14:28,230
>> -OK, OK, na kuishia yako
kuomba msamaha na hadi ijayo

1492
01:14:28,230 --> 01:14:31,940
Lenny Kravitz hana
kupiga kelele kiasi toba.

1493
01:14:31,940 --> 01:14:35,830
Ni mayowe, sisi aliuliza Bon
Jovi, naye alisema hakuna.

1494
01:14:35,830 --> 01:14:38,600
brand Volkswagen ina
wamekuwa kuharibiwa vibaya.

1495
01:14:38,600 --> 01:14:42,466
Na kusema ukweli, tangazo yao mpya
kampeni ni si hasa kusaidia.

1496
01:14:42,466 --> 01:14:47,289
>> - [GERMAN], sisi katika Volkswagen wangependa
kuomba msamaha kwa kuwadanganya kwa

1497
01:14:47,289 --> 01:14:47,930
magari yetu.

1498
01:14:47,930 --> 01:14:48,513
>> [MWISHO avspelning]

1499
01:14:48,513 --> 01:14:54,090
DAVID Malan: Hivyo hii ilikuwa
mzunguko njia of-- sorry--

1500
01:14:54,090 --> 01:14:58,730
hii ilikuwa njia mzunguko wa
kuanzisha tatizo la msingi

1501
01:14:58,730 --> 01:15:02,810
katika programu, ambayo ni kuwa wewe
haja ya kuchunguza hali fulani.

1502
01:15:02,810 --> 01:15:07,680
Na hivyo swali katika mkono hapa
ni jinsi gani gari uwezekano,

1503
01:15:07,680 --> 01:15:09,870
kama kutekelezwa katika programu
na programmers hizi,

1504
01:15:09,870 --> 01:15:11,850
kuchunguza kwamba ni kweli kuwa majaribio?

1505
01:15:11,850 --> 01:15:14,150
Hivyo kuwa super wazi,
kile walichokuwa wakifanya

1506
01:15:14,150 --> 01:15:17,940
Ilikuwa, katika mazingira ambapo
programmers figured

1507
01:15:17,940 --> 01:15:20,460
gari mara kuwa
kupimwa, wao kwa namna fulani alifanya

1508
01:15:20,460 --> 01:15:24,840
gari emit chini uzalishaji, wachache
uzalishaji, mafusho hivyo chini ya sumu

1509
01:15:24,840 --> 01:15:25,470
na vile.

1510
01:15:25,470 --> 01:15:27,261
Lakini wakati ni kawaida
kuendesha gari juu ya barabara,

1511
01:15:27,261 --> 01:15:30,350
ingekuwa tu emit kama kiasi
uchafuzi wa mazingira kama alitaka.

1512
01:15:30,350 --> 01:15:33,870
>> Hivyo ni jinsi gani sisi kuandika
pseudocode kwa algorithm hii?

1513
01:15:33,870 --> 01:15:37,820
Inakuwaje sisi kuandika pseudocode
kwa programu mbio katika gari?

1514
01:15:37,820 --> 01:15:43,390
I mean, kwa kifupi, majipu
chini ya kitu kama hiki.

1515
01:15:43,390 --> 01:15:48,000
kama kupimwa, emit chini.

1516
01:15:48,000 --> 01:15:50,750
mwingine hutoa zaidi.

1517
01:15:50,750 --> 01:15:52,630
Lakini hiyo ni kidogo
pia ngazi ya juu, haki?

1518
01:15:52,630 --> 01:15:58,580
>> Hebu jaribu kupiga mbizi katika kama yale hii
uchukuaji wa kuwa njia kupimwa.

1519
01:15:58,580 --> 01:16:06,340
Kwa maneno mengine, hata kama unajua chochote
kuhusu magari, aina gani ya maswali

1520
01:16:06,340 --> 01:16:13,440
inaweza kuuliza ili kujua kama
wewe ni kupimwa, kama wewe ni gari?

1521
01:16:13,440 --> 01:16:19,638
Nini sifa inaweza kuwa
kuwasilisha kama gari ni kuwa majaribio?

1522
01:16:19,638 --> 01:16:21,026
>> Watazamaji: Upimaji vifaa.

1523
01:16:21,026 --> 01:16:22,420
>> DAVID Malan: Upimaji vifaa.

1524
01:16:22,420 --> 01:16:26,060
Hivyo kama vifaa vya kupima
jirani, kisha emit chini.

1525
01:16:26,060 --> 01:16:28,669
Hivyo mimi naweza kufikiria utekelezaji
kwamba pamoja na baadhi ya aina ya kamera

1526
01:16:28,669 --> 01:16:29,960
au kuchunguza nini karibu na wewe.

1527
01:16:29,960 --> 01:16:32,870
Na napenda kupendekeza, kwamba
tu anahisi pia ngumu

1528
01:16:32,870 --> 01:16:37,914
kwa kweli kuwa na ziada
vifaa tu kwa ajili hiyo.

1529
01:16:37,914 --> 01:16:44,830
>> Watazamaji: Kama uko katika
park, ikiwa kofia yako ni wazi.

1530
01:16:44,830 --> 01:16:47,320
>> DAVID Malan: Katika Hifadhi au
kofia wazi, hivyo hiyo ni nzuri.

1531
01:16:47,320 --> 01:16:47,420
>> Watazamaji: Na gari mbio.

1532
01:16:47,420 --> 01:16:50,480
>> DAVID Malan: Hivyo hiyo ni kidogo
zaidi concrete-- na gari mbio.

1533
01:16:50,480 --> 01:16:55,690
Hivyo hii itakuwa ni kushirikiana ya
hali ya wachache tofauti, kama wewe.

1534
01:16:55,690 --> 01:16:59,227
Hivyo kama gari ni katika mbuga, na hata
ingawa hili ni jambo la mitambo sana

1535
01:16:59,227 --> 01:17:01,060
kawaida, mimi naweza
kufikiria kuandika programu,

1536
01:17:01,060 --> 01:17:03,476
hasa kwa sababu kuna
mara nyingi mwanga huko siku hizi,

1537
01:17:03,476 --> 01:17:07,400
Mimi naweza kufikiria kuwa kuna
programu ambayo inaweza swala shifter

1538
01:17:07,400 --> 01:17:10,634
au kile si, ni wewe katika mbuga, ni
wewe katika gari, ni wewe katika reverse.

1539
01:17:10,634 --> 01:17:12,550
Na siwezi kupata nyuma
kujibu hiyo ni ama ndiyo

1540
01:17:12,550 --> 01:17:14,400
au hakuna kwa wale aina ya maswali.

1541
01:17:14,400 --> 01:17:17,630
>> Na ili niweze pia pengine kujibu
swali kama, ni kofia wazi.

1542
01:17:17,630 --> 01:17:21,860
Labda, kuna baadhi ya aina ya chombo hicho
kuwa ama anitiaye nyuma 1 au 0,

1543
01:17:21,860 --> 01:17:23,720
kweli au uongo, kofia ni wazi.

1544
01:17:23,720 --> 01:17:28,180
Na kisha gari mbio, mimi inaweza kuchunguza
kwamba kwa namna fulani kupitia utaratibu gani?

1545
01:17:28,180 --> 01:17:30,430
Kama, gari ni mbio, I
inaweza kuchunguza kwamba ni juu ya,

1546
01:17:30,430 --> 01:17:32,127
nitaweza kuchunguza namna fulani
kwamba gari ni kuhamia?

1547
01:17:32,127 --> 01:17:32,881
>> Watazamaji: RPMs.

1548
01:17:32,881 --> 01:17:35,190
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, hivyo kuna
daima kuwa sindano kwamba

1549
01:17:35,190 --> 01:17:38,034
atakwambia mizunguko wangapi per
dakika magurudumu ni zinaendelea.

1550
01:17:38,034 --> 01:17:39,200
Na ili niweze kuangalia kwamba.

1551
01:17:39,200 --> 01:17:43,090
Na kama siyo 0, kwamba pengine
ina maana gari ni kusonga mbele.

1552
01:17:43,090 --> 01:17:45,400
Lakini tuna kuwa
kidogo makini huko,

1553
01:17:45,400 --> 01:17:49,780
because-- hebu kurahisisha Haya
kama sisi tu alisema, kama gari mbio,

1554
01:17:49,780 --> 01:17:53,070
hatutaki emit tu chini,
tunataka kama gari ni mbio

1555
01:17:53,070 --> 01:17:54,310
na ni kuwa kupimwa.

1556
01:17:54,310 --> 01:17:56,320
>> Hivyo kuna wengine wachache
viungo kwamba folks

1557
01:17:56,320 --> 01:18:00,550
kuwa kinadharia programu ni kufanya,
kwa sababu hayupo chanzo kanuni halisi,

1558
01:18:00,550 --> 01:18:05,130
unaweza tu aina ya infer kutoka
madhara ya kimwili ya gari kama yale

1559
01:18:05,130 --> 01:18:08,280
yapate kinachoendelea chini
kofia katika programu.

1560
01:18:08,280 --> 01:18:17,090
Hivyo kama gari mbio na labda,
kusema, magurudumu ya nyuma si kusonga,

1561
01:18:17,090 --> 01:18:19,420
inaweza huu ni dalili
baadhi ya aina ya mtihani?

1562
01:18:19,420 --> 01:18:22,830
Hivi mimi hinting katika hapa?

1563
01:18:22,830 --> 01:18:24,830
Yeah, labda, ni juu ya moja
mambo hayo roller,

1564
01:18:24,830 --> 01:18:28,340
ambapo kama magurudumu ni kugeuka
mbele au nyuma,

1565
01:18:28,340 --> 01:18:32,570
kutegemea kama ni mbele gurudumu au
nyuma ya gari gurudumu, hivyo nusu ya magurudumu

1566
01:18:32,570 --> 01:18:34,420
ni kusonga, lakini
wengine wawili si, ambayo

1567
01:18:34,420 --> 01:18:36,320
ni hali weird katika ulimwengu wa kweli.

1568
01:18:36,320 --> 01:18:38,110
Kama wewe ni kuendesha gari juu ya
barabara, kwamba haipaswi kutokea.

1569
01:18:38,110 --> 01:18:40,568
Lakini kama wewe ni katika ghala
juu ya aina fulani ya mfumo wa roller,

1570
01:18:40,568 --> 01:18:41,630
ambayo inaweza kweli kutokea.

1571
01:18:41,630 --> 01:18:46,980
>> Nadhani folks pia mapendekezo kwamba labda,
kama gari ni mbio na uendeshaji

1572
01:18:46,980 --> 01:18:51,300
gurudumu si kusonga, kwamba
pia inaweza kuwa ishara,

1573
01:18:51,300 --> 01:18:54,090
kwa sababu hiyo ni busara kwa
kama mara moja juu ya barabara.

1574
01:18:54,090 --> 01:18:57,960
Lakini hata hivyo, binadamu pengine
kusonga ni kidogo au bila ya shaka

1575
01:18:57,960 --> 01:18:59,100
zaidi ya sekunde chache.

1576
01:18:59,100 --> 01:19:01,030
Au mwendo wa
dakika, ni tabia mbaya siyo

1577
01:19:01,030 --> 01:19:03,510
kwenda kuwa kushikilia katika
sawa nafasi.

1578
01:19:03,510 --> 01:19:05,440
>> Hivyo kwa maneno mengine, sisi
inaweza kuchukua substraction,

1579
01:19:05,440 --> 01:19:08,200
ni wewe kuwa majaribio, na
kuvunja kwamba utendaji

1580
01:19:08,200 --> 01:19:10,420
katika viungo hivi sehemu.

1581
01:19:10,420 --> 01:19:13,440
Na kwamba ni kweli nini Volkswagen ya
wahandisi namna fulani alifanya.

1582
01:19:13,440 --> 01:19:17,070
Waliandika programu uangalifu ili
kuchunguza kama gari ni kupimwa,

1583
01:19:17,070 --> 01:19:20,440
Kwa hiyo emit chini, mwingine
emit katika njia ya kawaida.

1584
01:19:20,440 --> 01:19:22,690
>> Na tatizo hapa, pia,
ni kwamba programu si

1585
01:19:22,690 --> 01:19:26,080
kitu unaweza kweli kuona isipokuwa
una kinachojulikana chanzo kanuni.

1586
01:19:26,080 --> 01:19:29,060
Hivyo kuna aina mbili tofauti ya
aina code-- angalau mbili tofauti

1587
01:19:29,060 --> 01:19:30,130
wa kanuni katika dunia.

1588
01:19:30,130 --> 01:19:33,150
Kuna kitu kinachoitwa chanzo
kanuni, ambayo si tofauti na kile

1589
01:19:33,150 --> 01:19:37,240
sisi tumekuwa kuandika, chanzo kanuni.

1590
01:19:37,240 --> 01:19:40,099
>> Hii ni chanzo kanuni zilizoandikwa katika
lugha inayoitwa pseudocode,

1591
01:19:40,099 --> 01:19:41,640
ambayo ni tu kitu English-kama.

1592
01:19:41,640 --> 01:19:43,140
Hakuna ufafanuzi rasmi wa hayo.

1593
01:19:43,140 --> 01:19:46,770
Lakini C, na Java, C ++, wale
ni lugha zote rasmi kwamba,

1594
01:19:46,770 --> 01:19:50,610
wakati wewe kuandika katika wao, nini una
ni faili Nakala zenye chanzo kanuni.

1595
01:19:50,610 --> 01:19:54,850
>> Lakini pia kuna kitu katika
dunia aitwaye mashine kanuni.

1596
01:19:54,850 --> 01:20:00,579
Na mashine kificho kwa bahati mbaya,
ni ya 0 tu na 1 ya.

1597
01:20:00,579 --> 01:20:02,870
Hivyo mashine kificho ndicho
mashine kuelewa, bila shaka.

1598
01:20:02,870 --> 01:20:04,470
Chanzo kanuni ni yale ambayo wanadamu kuelewa.

1599
01:20:04,470 --> 01:20:08,390
>> Na kwa ujumla, lakini si
siku zote, kuna mpango

1600
01:20:08,390 --> 01:20:14,090
kwamba programu anatumia kwamba inachukua chanzo
kanuni na anarudi kwenye mashine kanuni.

1601
01:20:14,090 --> 01:20:17,400
Na mpango kwamba ni
ujumla aitwaye compiler.

1602
01:20:17,400 --> 01:20:19,820
Hivyo mchango wako ni chanzo kanuni,
pato yako ni mashine kanuni,

1603
01:20:19,820 --> 01:20:22,890
na compiler ni kipande cha
programu hiyo haina utaratibu huo.

1604
01:20:22,890 --> 01:20:26,260
Hivyo hii kweli ramani nicely kwa
pembejeo zetu, algorithms, mazao.

1605
01:20:26,260 --> 01:20:30,400
>> Lakini hii ni mwili maalum sana
ya kwamba, ambayo ni kusema kwamba,

1606
01:20:30,400 --> 01:20:34,200
hata kama wewe mwenyewe moja ya Volkswagen ya
magari ambayo ni hatia ya hii,

1607
01:20:34,200 --> 01:20:38,390
si kama unaweza kufungua tu
kofia au kufungua mwongozo wa mtumiaji au kuangalia

1608
01:20:38,390 --> 01:20:42,690
katika kanuni chanzo, kwa sababu kwa wakati
inafikia gari yako katika driveway yako,

1609
01:20:42,690 --> 01:20:45,580
ni tayari
waongofu katika 0 na 1 ya.

1610
01:20:45,580 --> 01:20:51,310
Na ni vigumu sana, siyo haiwezekani,
lakini ngumu sana na kuokota, mengi ya kitu chochote

1611
01:20:51,310 --> 01:20:53,710
kutoka tu kuangalia
msingi 0 na 1 ya.

1612
01:20:53,710 --> 01:20:57,150
Hivyo unaweza ukafikirie, hatimaye, kama
wewe kuelewa jinsi mashine operates--

1613
01:20:57,150 --> 01:20:59,870
Intel inside-- kama wewe kuelewa
Intel usanifu,

1614
01:20:59,870 --> 01:21:01,440
lakini ni mara ya kuteketeza.

1615
01:21:01,440 --> 01:21:05,010
Na hata huko, waweza
kuwa na uwezo wa kuona kila kitu

1616
01:21:05,010 --> 01:21:08,220
kwamba kanuni kweli anaweza kufanya.

1617
01:21:08,220 --> 01:21:12,521
>> maswali yoyote kuhusu hili au huu
aina ya mchakato kwa ujumla zaidi?

1618
01:21:12,521 --> 01:21:15,134

1619
01:21:15,134 --> 01:21:18,300
Na kwa kweli, tunaweza kufunga mjadala huu
kwa majadiliano ya jana ya Apple.

1620
01:21:18,300 --> 01:21:22,500
Hii pia, ni kwa nini FBI hawawezi tu
kwenda na kuangalia katika simu mtuhumiwa

1621
01:21:22,500 --> 01:21:26,820
na kupata mstari wa kanuni, kwa
mfano, ili kuwawezesha nenosiri

1622
01:21:26,820 --> 01:21:28,940
au kuwawezesha kuwa 80-millisecond kuchelewa.

1623
01:21:28,940 --> 01:21:31,630
Sababu kwa wakati ni
juu ya iPhone wenzake,

1624
01:21:31,630 --> 01:21:34,975
ni tayari
kubadilishwa kwa 0 na 1 ya.

1625
01:21:34,975 --> 01:21:38,015

1626
01:21:38,015 --> 01:21:40,820
>> Naam, hebu pause hapa kwa ajili yetu
kuangalia kufikiri computational.

1627
01:21:40,820 --> 01:21:42,320
Mbona sisi kuchukua mapumziko ya dakika 15.

1628
01:21:42,320 --> 01:21:44,130
Na wakati sisi kurudi, tutaweza
tuangalie programu

1629
01:21:44,130 --> 01:21:46,550
yenyewe na kuanza map baadhi
wa dhana hizi ngazi ya juu

1630
01:21:46,550 --> 01:21:49,780
na halisi, kama playful,
lugha ya programu.

1631
01:21:49,780 --> 01:21:51,089