1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,499

2
00:00:00,499 --> 00:00:04,540
DAVID J. Malan: Kull dritt, hekk
il-kwistjoni ġenerali issa,

3
00:00:04,540 --> 00:00:10,310
u bdejna f'din it-triq ma
Ħarsa tagħna fuq Dropbox, huwa l-internet.

4
00:00:10,310 --> 00:00:14,550
So let me jippruvaw li jistaqsu
mgħobbija mistoqsija deliberatament.

5
00:00:14,550 --> 00:00:15,500
X'inhu l-Internet?

6
00:00:15,500 --> 00:00:18,340

7
00:00:18,340 --> 00:00:20,430
>> Żgur inti kollha tużah.

8
00:00:20,430 --> 00:00:21,287
>> UDJENZA: Network?

9
00:00:21,287 --> 00:00:22,370
DAVID J. Malan: Netwerk?

10
00:00:22,370 --> 00:00:23,856
OK, liema huwa netwerk?

11
00:00:23,856 --> 00:00:28,184
>> UDJENZA: A konnettività
bejn is-sistemi differenti.

12
00:00:28,184 --> 00:00:31,100
DAVID J. Malan: OK, konnettività
bejn in-nies u s-sistemi differenti.

13
00:00:31,100 --> 00:00:33,430
Kull dritt, u dak li jagħmel
l-internet l-internet bħala

14
00:00:33,430 --> 00:00:38,484
kuntrarju għal ftit netwerk kif aħna jista
għandhom fi ftit bini jew klassi?

15
00:00:38,484 --> 00:00:39,400
UDJENZA: Huwa globali.

16
00:00:39,400 --> 00:00:39,810
DAVID J. Malan: Huwa globali.

17
00:00:39,810 --> 00:00:42,360
Kull dritt, dan huwa netwerk
tan-netwerks, jekk inti se.

18
00:00:42,360 --> 00:00:46,720
Konnessjonijiet li turi internet
madwar in-netwerks individwali.

19
00:00:46,720 --> 00:00:48,457
U naturalment, hemm
servizzi differenti

20
00:00:48,457 --> 00:00:50,040
li l-internet jipprovdi f'dawn il-jiem.

21
00:00:50,040 --> 00:00:54,420
>> Hemm, ovvjament, id-dinja kollha
web li magħhom lkoll huma familjari.

22
00:00:54,420 --> 00:00:56,560
Hemm servizzi bħall-email.

23
00:00:56,560 --> 00:00:59,620
servizzi hemmhekk simili
chat jew Google Chat.

24
00:00:59,620 --> 00:01:02,090
Jew hemm affarijiet bħal voice over IP.

25
00:01:02,090 --> 00:01:07,270
Hemm affarijiet simili Skype, u Google
Hangouts, u FaceTime, u simili.

26
00:01:07,270 --> 00:01:09,620
>> U hekk hemm dan saffi
kunċett fl-internet.

27
00:01:09,620 --> 00:01:12,390
U fil-fatt, dan ukoll huwa
kunċett fundamentali

28
00:01:12,390 --> 00:01:15,650
fix-xjenza tal-kompjuter ta '
saffi, jew estrazzjoni,

29
00:01:15,650 --> 00:01:17,407
fejn inti tibni ħaġa waħda isfel hawn.

30
00:01:17,407 --> 00:01:19,240
Imbagħad, inti tibni xi ħaġa
inkella fuq quċċata ta 'dan,

31
00:01:19,240 --> 00:01:21,660
u mbagħad, xi ħaġa oħra fuq nett
ta 'dan, fuq quċċata ta' dan, fuq quċċata ta 'dan.

32
00:01:21,660 --> 00:01:25,170
U hekk aħna ser tara xi manifestazzjonijiet ta '
li f'din id-diskussjoni u, forsi,

33
00:01:25,170 --> 00:01:26,600
oħrajn miexja 'l quddiem.

34
00:01:26,600 --> 00:01:29,400
>> Mela ejja nibdew żebgħa stampa
ta 'xi wħud mill-teknoloġiji

35
00:01:29,400 --> 00:01:33,040
kollha madwarna billi tikkunsidra liema
hija, possibilment, fid-dar l-aktar ta 'kulħadd

36
00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:35,900
hawn, u l-użu li bħala punt ta '
tluq għal konverżazzjoni aktar

37
00:01:35,900 --> 00:01:38,900
ġeneralment dwar kif kollha ta 'dan il-għalf
xogħlijiet, u dak li xi wħud mill-kwistjonijiet

38
00:01:38,900 --> 00:01:42,090
deċiżjonijiet tad-disinn sottostanti jkollhom
li jkun meta netwerks bini

39
00:01:42,090 --> 00:01:43,800
u meta jużaw l-internet.

40
00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:48,680
Allura lura d-dar, aħna ser imorru
lura għall-laptop tiegħi ftit hawn.

41
00:01:48,680 --> 00:01:53,040
Inti probabilment jkollhom waħda jew aktar
kompjuters, u telefowns forsi wieħed jew aktar,

42
00:01:53,040 --> 00:01:55,504
li huma konnessi dawn il-jiem permezz Wi-Fi.

43
00:01:55,504 --> 00:01:57,170
Forsi darba fuq żmien, kellek kejbil.

44
00:01:57,170 --> 00:02:00,020
Forsi inti xorta jkollhom desktop
kompjuter fid-dar li għandu kejbil.

45
00:02:00,020 --> 00:02:03,340
Imma l-istorja tagħna mhuwiex verament
se jibdlu li ħafna hemmhekk.

46
00:02:03,340 --> 00:02:06,400
>> Hawnhekk huwa l-hekk imsejħa
sħaba, jew bl-internet.

47
00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:11,620
U hemm għenieqed ta 'affarijiet oħra
fuq l-internet bħall-Amazon.com,

48
00:02:11,620 --> 00:02:14,690
u Facebook, u Google, u
Microsoft, u kumpanniji oħra bħal dawn

49
00:02:14,690 --> 00:02:16,990
fuq l-internet, u
ċertament nies kif ukoll.

50
00:02:16,990 --> 00:02:21,660
Iżda hemm lott kollu ta 'għalf li
tmur fuq bejnek u l-internet.

51
00:02:21,660 --> 00:02:23,770
>> Mela ejja ewwel tease apparti dik.

52
00:02:23,770 --> 00:02:30,260
X'inhi l-kompjuter tiegħek, jekk
wirelessly, konness ma fid-dar?

53
00:02:30,260 --> 00:02:34,402
Liema tip ta 'apparat gets inti
fuq l-internet f'dawn il-jiem?

54
00:02:34,402 --> 00:02:35,290
>> UDJENZA: Router.

55
00:02:35,290 --> 00:02:36,331
>> DAVID J. Malan: A router.

56
00:02:36,331 --> 00:02:40,840
Allura għandek dan l-apparat dar imsejjaħ
router, li l-iskop fil-ħajja,

57
00:02:40,840 --> 00:02:43,650
finalment, huwa li rotta
informazzjoni fil-forma sempliċi.

58
00:02:43,650 --> 00:02:48,860
Jekk dan huwa l-internet hawn fuq, tiegħek
kompjuter konnettività bejn dan.

59
00:02:48,860 --> 00:02:51,280
U l-router, sadanittant,
b'xi konnettività

60
00:02:51,280 --> 00:02:53,420
bejn il-bqija tal-internet.

61
00:02:53,420 --> 00:02:55,800
>> Iżda hemm aktar
jiġri ġewwa minn hawn.

62
00:02:55,800 --> 00:02:57,760
Mela ejja adsa ftit aktar profonda.

63
00:02:57,760 --> 00:02:59,050
Inti tmur id-dar.

64
00:02:59,050 --> 00:03:03,110
Inti tiftaħ għatu laptop tiegħek jew dawran fuq
-desktop tiegħek għall-ewwel darba,

65
00:03:03,110 --> 00:03:04,810
l-ewwel darba fil-waqt.

66
00:03:04,810 --> 00:03:06,340
X'jigri?

67
00:03:06,340 --> 00:03:10,550
>> Liema tip ta 'passi għandek
jiġri qabel ma inti tista 'attwalment

68
00:03:10,550 --> 00:03:12,260
jiksbu fuq l-internet?

69
00:03:12,260 --> 00:03:13,540
Ukoll, jirriżulta out-- oh, yeah?

70
00:03:13,540 --> 00:03:14,500
Nakissa?

71
00:03:14,500 --> 00:03:15,163
Jiddispjacini?

72
00:03:15,163 --> 00:03:15,990
>> UDJENZA: User ID.

73
00:03:15,990 --> 00:03:16,636
>> DAVID J. Malan: A user ID.

74
00:03:16,636 --> 00:03:18,344
Allura inti jista 'jkollok
log in to xi ħaġa.

75
00:03:18,344 --> 00:03:20,650
Għalkemm, tipikament fi
dar, ħafna tipikament

76
00:03:20,650 --> 00:03:22,320
dan ikun biss xogħol f'dawn il-jiem.

77
00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:24,640
>> Imma kif aħna biss raw, f'ambjenti
bħall-universitajiet, il-kumpaniji,

78
00:03:24,640 --> 00:03:25,431
inti għandek log fil.

79
00:03:25,431 --> 00:03:28,320
Mela ejja evitata l-
login xenarju għal issa.

80
00:03:28,320 --> 00:03:30,000
Żommha sempliċi.

81
00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:31,380
>> UDJENZA: Jiftħu browser.

82
00:03:31,380 --> 00:03:33,255
>> DAVID J. Malan: You
jista tiftaħ web browser.

83
00:03:33,255 --> 00:03:34,002
Jew dak, Pat?

84
00:03:34,002 --> 00:03:35,252
>> UDJENZA: Numru jew passcode.

85
00:03:35,252 --> 00:03:36,960
DAVID J. Malan: Ah,
numru jew passcode.

86
00:03:36,960 --> 00:03:39,251
Mela ejja jmorru ma numru, mhux
tant passcode għadha biss.

87
00:03:39,251 --> 00:03:41,880
Ejja ma joqogħdu jinkwetaw dwar is-sigurtà
għal din id-diskussjoni partikolari.

88
00:03:41,880 --> 00:03:42,950
Iżda għadd.

89
00:03:42,950 --> 00:03:47,130
>> Allura, yeah, fil-fatt, bħal ħafna kollha
ta 'djar tagħna jew bini simili

90
00:03:47,130 --> 00:03:48,420
għandu indirizz fiżiku.

91
00:03:48,420 --> 00:03:54,910
Dan il-bini huwa wieħed BRATTLE Pjazza fil
Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA.

92
00:03:54,910 --> 00:04:00,400
Dik l-indirizz jidentifika b'mod uniku
magħna, fit-teorija, fid-dinja kollha.

93
00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:01,360
>> UDJENZA: An IP.

94
00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:04,710
>> DAVID J. Malan: Indirizz IP, eżattament,
hija l-Analog fid-dinja tal-kompjuter

95
00:04:04,710 --> 00:04:07,700
li unikament tindirizza kompjuter.

96
00:04:07,700 --> 00:04:13,159
Allura l-indirizz IP, jew protokoll Internet
indirizz, huwa biss l-indirizz numeriku.

97
00:04:13,159 --> 00:04:15,450
Kompjuters jippreferu affarijiet li
huma ftit aktar sempliċi, li

98
00:04:15,450 --> 00:04:19,130
huma aktar faċli biex jinqraw minn frażijiet twil
bħal Wieħed BRATTLE Square, Cambridge,

99
00:04:19,130 --> 00:04:20,110
Massa., U oħrajn.

100
00:04:20,110 --> 00:04:24,560
>> U hekk l-indirizz IP huwa
Numru tal-formola xi ħaġa

101
00:04:24,560 --> 00:04:29,160
dot xi ħaġa dot
xi ħaġa dot xi ħaġa.

102
00:04:29,160 --> 00:04:33,890
U kull wieħed minn dawn somethings, kif
denotat mill-sinjal lira hawn,

103
00:04:33,890 --> 00:04:37,720
huwa numru bejn 0 u 255.

104
00:04:37,720 --> 00:04:40,510
U dan huwa ta 'erba' tikek
xi ħaġa number-- deċimali

105
00:04:40,510 --> 00:04:42,260
dot xi ħaġa dot
xi ħaġa dot xi ħaġa.

106
00:04:42,260 --> 00:04:45,270
>> U dan l-indirizz numeriku,
fit-teorija, unikament

107
00:04:45,270 --> 00:04:48,010
jidentifika kompjuter fuq l-internet.

108
00:04:48,010 --> 00:04:50,420
Allura bir-riskju li
oversimplifying, ejja issa

109
00:04:50,420 --> 00:04:55,450
jassumi li meta I jgħaqqdu l
Wi-Fi jew permezz ta 'kejbil, fid-dar,

110
00:04:55,450 --> 00:05:01,070
router dar tiegħi huwa dak li hu
b'xi tajtu lili l-indirizz IP.

111
00:05:01,070 --> 00:05:03,690
Minħabba li marret huma l-
jum għall-parti l-kbira,

112
00:05:03,690 --> 00:05:06,560
-inqas lokalment hawn,
fejn meta inti tiffirma up

113
00:05:06,560 --> 00:05:11,000
għall Comcast, jew KRN, jew tiegħek
fornitur tas-servizz internet lokali,

114
00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:14,220
m'għadux ma tekniku jridu
jaslu għal dar tiegħek ma 'karta stampata,

115
00:05:14,220 --> 00:05:19,020
u mbagħad ikollhom inti, jew lilu, jew tip tagħha
fil IP tiegħek tindirizza fis-kompjuter tiegħek.

116
00:05:19,020 --> 00:05:21,200
>> Pjuttost, din hija kollha
skoperti dinamiku.

117
00:05:21,200 --> 00:05:23,576
Meta inti tiftaħ laptop tiegħek
għatu jew dawran fuq il-kompjuter tiegħek,

118
00:05:23,576 --> 00:05:26,158
kompjuter tiegħek biss tibda
xandir messaġġ, essenzjalment.

119
00:05:26,158 --> 00:05:26,900
Hija tgħid, bonjour.

120
00:05:26,900 --> 00:05:27,610
Jien imqajjem.

121
00:05:27,610 --> 00:05:29,550
X'għandi indirizz IP tiegħi jkun?

122
00:05:29,550 --> 00:05:32,640
>> U l-iskop fil-ħajja ta 'dar
router dawn il-ġranet, fosthom,

123
00:05:32,640 --> 00:05:35,260
huwa li jagħtuk eżattament
wieħed minn dawn l-indirizzi.

124
00:05:35,260 --> 00:05:39,630
U l-mekkaniżmu li permezz tiegħu hija ma
dan, biss tease apparti xi lingwaġġ,

125
00:05:39,630 --> 00:05:42,660
tissejjaħ server DHCP.

126
00:05:42,660 --> 00:05:45,497
Mod fancy ta 'tgħid Dynamic
Ospitanti Konfigurazzjoni Protokoll.

127
00:05:45,497 --> 00:05:47,205
Huwa biss verament
Mod fancy ta 'tgħid li huwa

128
00:05:47,205 --> 00:05:52,640
hija biċċa ta 'softwer tmexxija
ġewwa ta 'router dar tagħna

129
00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:54,700
li, meta semgħet bonjour request-- tiegħek.

130
00:05:54,700 --> 00:05:55,480
Jien onlajn.

131
00:05:55,480 --> 00:05:58,214
Jekk jogħġbok agħtini IP address--
jirrispondi eżattament dan.

132
00:05:58,214 --> 00:06:01,380
U hija jgħidlek biex tuża xi ħaġa dot
xi ħaġa dot ħaġa dot xi ħaġa.

133
00:06:01,380 --> 00:06:04,057
U mbagħad, Mac tiegħek jew
PC ma eżattament dan.

134
00:06:04,057 --> 00:06:05,890
U biss biex jagħmlu din
aktar konkreta ftit

135
00:06:05,890 --> 00:06:09,620
qabel nieħdu mistoqsija tiegħek,
fuq Mac OS, u hemm

136
00:06:09,620 --> 00:06:15,100
tieqa komparabbli fil
Windows, jekk immur Netwerk,

137
00:06:15,100 --> 00:06:18,280
I jista 'attwalment ara hawn
li laptop tiegħi huwa konness

138
00:06:18,280 --> 00:06:20,080
Harvard University,
li hija l-Wi-Fi,

139
00:06:20,080 --> 00:06:23,870
u għandu l-indirizz IP 10.254.25.237.

140
00:06:23,870 --> 00:06:27,560
>> Jekk jien aktar kurjużi, nista
ikklikkja Avvanzata fuq Mac tiegħi.

141
00:06:27,560 --> 00:06:31,660
I tista 'tmur sa TCP / IP.

142
00:06:31,660 --> 00:06:37,030
U avviż dak li huwa
issa familjari, forsi.

143
00:06:37,030 --> 00:06:40,040
Liema protokoll, liema
karatteristika hija laptop tiegħi jużaw

144
00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:43,010
biex tagħmel eżattament dak li aħna ħadthom biss dawk deskritti?

145
00:06:43,010 --> 00:06:43,842
DHCP.

146
00:06:43,842 --> 00:06:44,800
I can not anki jibdlu.

147
00:06:44,800 --> 00:06:46,508
Għaliex jien diġà
konfigurati dritt issa.

148
00:06:46,508 --> 00:06:47,610
Huwa msakkra, dan l-istabbiliment.

149
00:06:47,610 --> 00:06:50,410
Imma kompjuter tiegħi konfigurati bl-użu DHCP.

150
00:06:50,410 --> 00:06:54,300
U jidher qisu dak
DHCP server tal-Harvard

151
00:06:54,300 --> 00:07:01,062
tani hija PI address--
u 254.25.237-- maskra subnet,

152
00:07:01,062 --> 00:07:02,270
li aħna mhux se tidħol fis llum.

153
00:07:02,270 --> 00:07:04,580
>> Iżda maskra subnet huwa
biss numru addizzjonali

154
00:07:04,580 --> 00:07:06,590
li tispeċifika liema netwerk int fuq.

155
00:07:06,590 --> 00:07:07,747
Forsi huwa dan il-s-kamra.

156
00:07:07,747 --> 00:07:09,080
Forsi huwa bini differenti.

157
00:07:09,080 --> 00:07:10,704
Forsi huwa parti differenti ta 'Harvard.

158
00:07:10,704 --> 00:07:13,600
Huwa mod ta 'segmentazzjoni
netwerk lokali.

159
00:07:13,600 --> 00:07:16,270
>> Router, din il-kelma ħsejjes familjari.

160
00:07:16,270 --> 00:07:18,320
Għaliex aħna kienu biss
jitkellem dwar dan hawn.

161
00:07:18,320 --> 00:07:21,070
U anki jekk jien fuq Harvard
netwerk, mhux bħal netwerk nazzjonali,

162
00:07:21,070 --> 00:07:23,250
il-prinċipji għadhom l-istess hawn.

163
00:07:23,250 --> 00:07:28,620
>> Harvard wkoll told me l-IP
indirizz ta '10.254.16.1 router--.

164
00:07:28,620 --> 00:07:32,920
U bħala twarrib, ġeneralment bħala
konvenzjoni, iżda mhux meħtieġ,

165
00:07:32,920 --> 00:07:38,250
indirizz IP ta 'router ma għandhom tendenza li
jispiċċa bil 0.1, li huwa sinjal utli,

166
00:07:38,250 --> 00:07:39,420
biss li jkunu jafu din.

167
00:07:39,420 --> 00:07:41,610
Mela xi do dawn l-affarijiet do?

168
00:07:41,610 --> 00:07:45,800
>> L-indirizz IPv4, verżjoni 4, li
huwa tip ta 'l-anzjani iżda ħafna popolari

169
00:07:45,800 --> 00:07:49,760
verżjoni tal-protokoll Internet
dawn il-ġranet, huwa dak l-indirizz.

170
00:07:49,760 --> 00:07:50,980
Stajt ltqajna indirizz router.

171
00:07:50,980 --> 00:07:53,920
Allura għaliex għandi bżonn biex
jafu indirizz router s?

172
00:07:53,920 --> 00:07:55,880
>> Hux biżżejjed li tkun taf fejn I am?

173
00:07:55,880 --> 00:07:57,946

174
00:07:57,946 --> 00:08:00,112
UDJENZA: Li [inaudible]
relatata għall-mistoqsija tiegħi.

175
00:08:00,112 --> 00:08:02,354
Mela jekk għandek żewġ
routers fl-istess kamra

176
00:08:02,354 --> 00:08:04,595
hekk nistgħu jiksbu konnessi
lil xulxin, allura inti

177
00:08:04,595 --> 00:08:06,504
se tikseb IP separata
indirizz għaliex dan huwa

178
00:08:06,504 --> 00:08:07,832
ser tkun assoċjata ma 'netwerk.

179
00:08:07,832 --> 00:08:09,390
>> DAVID J. Malan: Ah, hekk
dan huwa fejn aħna attwalment

180
00:08:09,390 --> 00:08:12,240
għandek tibda teasing apparti
dak li aħna verament jfisser minn router.

181
00:08:12,240 --> 00:08:14,910
Minħabba li t-terminu, ċertament fil
-suq tal-konsumatur, huwa Overused.

182
00:08:14,910 --> 00:08:17,680
Allura f'din il-kamra biss, aħna
għandek dak li ħafna nies kieku

183
00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:19,790
sejħa żewġ routers, dawn
affarijiet ma antenni

184
00:08:19,790 --> 00:08:21,960
u d-dwal blu fuq
kull naħa tal-ħajt.

185
00:08:21,960 --> 00:08:25,087
>> Iżda router, f'dan il-każ, dawn mhux qed.

186
00:08:25,087 --> 00:08:26,420
Dawn mhumiex routers dar pjuttost.

187
00:08:26,420 --> 00:08:29,640
Imma ejja biss suppose, għas-sempliċità,
għandna żewġ affarijiet bħal dawn hawn.

188
00:08:29,640 --> 00:08:33,500
Jekk kellek żewġ punti ta 'aċċess,
kif dawn qed jissejjaħ aktar suppost

189
00:08:33,500 --> 00:08:37,789
minħabba l antennas-- ta '
punt ta 'aċċess bla wajers jew AP--

190
00:08:37,789 --> 00:08:41,309
dawn għandhom jiġu konfigurati b'mod
mod li, min-naħa tagħhom, qabbad

191
00:08:41,309 --> 00:08:45,420
lill-tagħmir ċentrali waħda, li l-iskop fl
ħajja huwa li tagħmel dak li qed tiddeskrivi,

192
00:08:45,420 --> 00:08:46,840
li jagħtu l-indirizz IP.

193
00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:49,160
>> Jekk inti ma jkollhom tnejn minn dawn
tip ta 'tagħmir fid-dar,

194
00:08:49,160 --> 00:08:53,950
forsi tnejn Linksys, apparat b'żewġ D-Link
apparat, tnejn Ajruport Estremi fid-dar,

195
00:08:53,950 --> 00:08:55,290
jew ajruport Jesprimi.

196
00:08:55,290 --> 00:08:57,440
Tista 'jiġi kkonfigurat l
ta 'dawk il-prodotti, anke

197
00:08:57,440 --> 00:09:00,720
jekk għandek żewġ identiċi
mudelli, biex jagħmlu waħda l-primarja,

198
00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:02,390
u mbagħad l-oħra l-sekondarja.

199
00:09:02,390 --> 00:09:04,717
Allura li inti tmexxi wajer
bejniethom, tipikament,

200
00:09:04,717 --> 00:09:07,050
jew għandek xi ħadd toħroġ ma
dan għalik wara l-ħitan.

201
00:09:07,050 --> 00:09:08,320
>> U allura, wieħed huwa l-primarja.

202
00:09:08,320 --> 00:09:11,780
Wieħed huwa inkarigat mill-
jagħti l-indirizzi IP.

203
00:09:11,780 --> 00:09:14,610
U l-ieħor huwa biss
responsabbli għall-estensjoni

204
00:09:14,610 --> 00:09:16,510
il-firxa ta 'sinjal mingħajr fili tiegħek.

205
00:09:16,510 --> 00:09:18,990
Fil-fatt, fid-dar għandi żewġ affarijiet bħal dawn.

206
00:09:18,990 --> 00:09:21,220
>> Għandna fl-uffiċċju tagħna ħamsa
affarijiet bħal dawn, li kollha

207
00:09:21,220 --> 00:09:22,470
huma fiżikament fili flimkien.

208
00:09:22,470 --> 00:09:24,470
Iżda huwa biss biex tagħtina
aktar kopertura mingħajr fili.

209
00:09:24,470 --> 00:09:26,570
Iżda wieħed minnhom huwa inkarigat.

210
00:09:26,570 --> 00:09:30,500
>> OK, hekk ma 'dak imsemmi, għaliex ma
Mac tiegħi f'din il-kamra dritt issa,

211
00:09:30,500 --> 00:09:34,430
bżonn tkun taf x'inhuma l-PI
indirizz tal-router huwa?

212
00:09:34,430 --> 00:09:37,234
Hux biżżejjed biss biex
jkunu jafu liema indirizz tiegħi huwa?

213
00:09:37,234 --> 00:09:38,400
UDJENZA: Iżda jistgħu jinbidlu.

214
00:09:38,400 --> 00:09:40,969
Jekk inti tikseb konnessi mal-
VPN, li għaddej biex tkun differenti.

215
00:09:40,969 --> 00:09:44,010
DAVID J. Malan: Oh, issa inti qed tuża
kelma oħra I do not know VPN yet--.

216
00:09:44,010 --> 00:09:44,750
Mela ejja ma jmorru hemm.

217
00:09:44,750 --> 00:09:46,300
Minħabba VPN għaddej biex jikkumplikaw dan.

218
00:09:46,300 --> 00:09:50,640
I biss rridu nġibu, lili qodma ftit
jixtieq jikseb fuq l-internet dritt issa.

219
00:09:50,640 --> 00:09:53,715
Ukoll, dan verament tistieden lill-
kwistjoni, kif taħdem l-internet?

220
00:09:53,715 --> 00:09:55,200
>> Kull dritt, I jista 'jkollu indirizz.

221
00:09:55,200 --> 00:09:56,590
Li kollox multa u tajba.

222
00:09:56,590 --> 00:09:58,590
Iżda għaliex għandi l-indirizz?

223
00:09:58,590 --> 00:10:01,665
>> Ukoll, ejja jikkunsidraw dak li verament
li qed jiġri fuq l-internet.

224
00:10:01,665 --> 00:10:04,740
I ser jużaw differenti
stampa għall-mument.

225
00:10:04,740 --> 00:10:12,930
U fl-internet attwali, nistgħu
jkunu me minn hawn fuq laptop tiegħi.

226
00:10:12,930 --> 00:10:15,160
Aħna jista 'jkollhom l-internet minn hawn.

227
00:10:15,160 --> 00:10:20,460
U allura, aħna jista 'jkollhom, ejja
jiġifieri, Amazon.com dan iż-żmien.

228
00:10:20,460 --> 00:10:22,150
>> U dan huwa me.

229
00:10:22,150 --> 00:10:26,440
U, b'xi, nixtieq li jgħaqqdu
Amazon.com, permezz tal-internet,

230
00:10:26,440 --> 00:10:30,710
u tikseb data tiegħi minn punt A sa
B. Punt Jew I raden, fil Amazon,

231
00:10:30,710 --> 00:10:32,840
minn punt A sa punt
Z fil-każ Amazon.

232
00:10:32,840 --> 00:10:35,410
>> Allura dak li hu ġewwa ta 'dan l-internet?

233
00:10:35,410 --> 00:10:39,450
Jirriżulta, hemm ħaġa waħda
mazz ta 'affarijiet imsejħa routers.

234
00:10:39,450 --> 00:10:41,000
U issa, aħna qed taħlit termini.

235
00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:43,442
Iżda aħna ser tara kif anke dar
routers huma relatati mal-tikek

236
00:10:43,442 --> 00:10:44,900
li stajt biss imfassal fuq l-iskrin.

237
00:10:44,900 --> 00:10:48,429
>> A router fuq l-internet huwa
ġeneralment simili mezz ta 'daqs medju.

238
00:10:48,429 --> 00:10:49,720
Mhuwiex simili għal mainframe qodma.

239
00:10:49,720 --> 00:10:53,234
Imma hija mezz li probabbilment din l
wiesgħa, forsi dan tall, forsi dan tall,

240
00:10:53,234 --> 00:10:53,900
forsi dan tall.

241
00:10:53,900 --> 00:10:55,870
Jiddependi fuq kemm jiswew
mudell għandek.

242
00:10:55,870 --> 00:10:59,203
>> U huwa ltqajna ħafna ta 'kejbils dħul fis
dan u ħafna ta 'kejbils ser jispiċċaw lilha.

243
00:10:59,203 --> 00:11:02,980
U għar-riskju ta 'oversimplifying, inti
tista 'taħseb iskop router fil-ħajja

244
00:11:02,980 --> 00:11:08,540
bħala li jieħdu d-data minn dan tal-kejbil
hawn, tħares lejn l-informazzjoni li l-

245
00:11:08,540 --> 00:11:10,130
come fi, u ħarsa lejn l-indirizz tiegħu.

246
00:11:10,130 --> 00:11:13,240
Fejn din l-informazzjoni qed tintbagħat?

247
00:11:13,240 --> 00:11:15,660
U mbagħad jgħidu, OK, jien ser
li jibgħatu din flimkien b'dan il-mod.

248
00:11:15,660 --> 00:11:17,660
Jekk niġi biċċa oħra
ta 'informazzjoni minn hawn,

249
00:11:17,660 --> 00:11:19,160
huwa destinat għal indirizz differenti.

250
00:11:19,160 --> 00:11:21,400
Jien ser tibgħat dan il-
mod, minflok, up dan kejbil.

251
00:11:21,400 --> 00:11:23,180
U jekk nara biċċa oħra
ta 'informazzjoni destinati

252
00:11:23,180 --> 00:11:25,980
għal darb'oħra indirizz differenti, jien
ser tibgħat it out din il-kejbil,

253
00:11:25,980 --> 00:11:26,940
fuq b'dan il-mod.

254
00:11:26,940 --> 00:11:30,440
>> Allura iskop router fil-ħajja
huwa li verament tagħrif rotta.

255
00:11:30,440 --> 00:11:34,740
U fl huwa forma sempliċi, router
biss għandu fajl Excel kbira ġewwa ta 'dan

256
00:11:34,740 --> 00:11:38,181
li tgħid kull indirizz IP li tibda
bin-numru 1, tibgħat dan il-mod.

257
00:11:38,181 --> 00:11:40,680
Kull indirizz IP li tibda bil
in-numru 2, tibgħat dan il-mod.

258
00:11:40,680 --> 00:11:41,804
Numru 3, tibgħat dan il-mod.

259
00:11:41,804 --> 00:11:43,460
Numru 4, tibgħat dan il-mod.

260
00:11:43,460 --> 00:11:47,080
>> Oversimplifying, iżda hija tuża
dawn in-numri u, b'mod speċifiku,

261
00:11:47,080 --> 00:11:50,990
prefissi ta 'numri, tipikament,
li jiddeċiedi li jmorru xellug, lemin, lura,

262
00:11:50,990 --> 00:11:51,742
quddiem.

263
00:11:51,742 --> 00:11:54,700
Minħabba router, tipikament, għandha
Konnessjonijiet multipli lill routers oħra.

264
00:11:54,700 --> 00:11:56,920
Fil-fatt, stajt ma imfassal lilhom hawnhekk.

265
00:11:56,920 --> 00:12:01,560
>> Iżda int tista 'timmaġina dan ikun web,
ma għandhomx jiġu mfixkla mal-web nużaw,

266
00:12:01,560 --> 00:12:06,740
iżda xibka ta 'mezzi, li kollha huma
interkonnessa ħafna deliberatament hekk.

267
00:12:06,740 --> 00:12:09,810
Fil-fatt, l-oriġini tal-
internet huma militaristic fid-disinn.

268
00:12:09,810 --> 00:12:14,350
U wieħed mill-prinċipji tfassil
kien li jekk router, jew agħar, belt

269
00:12:14,350 --> 00:12:17,550
kienu meħuda fi militari
sens, inti tixtieq l-informazzjoni li tkun

270
00:12:17,550 --> 00:12:19,260
kapaċi rotta madwar din il-problema.

271
00:12:19,260 --> 00:12:22,670
>> U hekk x'jiġri meta I tibgħat
jitlob lill Amazon.com għall-dar tagħhom

272
00:12:22,670 --> 00:12:27,080
paġna, data tiegħi tista 'tħalli tiegħi
kompjuter, mur inadempjenza router tiegħi,

273
00:12:27,080 --> 00:12:29,580
jew portal default kif huwa spiss imsejjaħ.

274
00:12:29,580 --> 00:12:34,200
Imbagħad, forsi li router se jiddeċiedu li
tibgħat hawnhekk, hawnhekk, hawnhekk, hawnhekk, hawnhekk,

275
00:12:34,200 --> 00:12:37,770
hawn, hawn, u mbagħad
fi triqtu lejn Amazon.

276
00:12:37,770 --> 00:12:40,540
>> U li kien passaġġ arbitrarja I ġibdet.

277
00:12:40,540 --> 00:12:45,620
Imma x'hemm notevoli dwar
il-linja ħamra I biss ġibdet?

278
00:12:45,620 --> 00:12:48,330
Kif tiddeskrivi dan?

279
00:12:48,330 --> 00:12:49,710
>> UDJENZA: Mhuwiex dirett.

280
00:12:49,710 --> 00:12:51,043
>> DAVID J. Malan: Mhuwiex dirett.

281
00:12:51,043 --> 00:12:57,880
Allura kuntrarjament għall-qal popolari, "Il-
iqsar distanza bejn żewġ punti

282
00:12:57,880 --> 00:13:00,980
hija linja dritta, "mhuwiex
neċessarjament il-każ fuq l-internet

283
00:13:00,980 --> 00:13:02,780
meta niġu għall-routing informazzjoni.

284
00:13:02,780 --> 00:13:05,980
Minħabba distanza ġeografika
mhuwiex neċessarjament l-uniku metrika

285
00:13:05,980 --> 00:13:07,030
inti care about.

286
00:13:07,030 --> 00:13:11,530
Pjuttost, x'iktar jista jirregolaw dak
direzzjoni tad-data għandu jieħu sabiex

287
00:13:11,530 --> 00:13:13,564
biex jiksbu minn punt A sa punt B?

288
00:13:13,564 --> 00:13:14,230
UDJENZA: Veloċità?

289
00:13:14,230 --> 00:13:15,146
DAVID J. Malan: Veloċità.

290
00:13:15,146 --> 00:13:20,550
Għalhekk jirriżulta li inti tista 'jiġi kkonfigurat
router li jiffavorixxu konnessjoni mgħaġġla.

291
00:13:20,550 --> 00:13:22,960
Anke jekk inti jista 'jkollok tmur
ftit mijiet ta 'mili żejjed,

292
00:13:22,960 --> 00:13:25,870
forsi huwa biss aktar mgħaġġel biex imorru
B'dan il-mod minn fuq, forsi,

293
00:13:25,870 --> 00:13:29,100
konnessjoni bl satellita iskola antika
B'dan il-mod biss li tikseb minn punt

294
00:13:29,100 --> 00:13:29,600
għall-ieħor.

295
00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:32,571
Hija lanqas ma għandhom ikunu
tagħmir fiżiku fuq il-post.

296
00:13:32,571 --> 00:13:35,070
Dan jista 'jkun tagħmir fiżiku fl
-sema, per eżempju, jew saħansitra

297
00:13:35,070 --> 00:13:37,200
taħt l-ilma f'dawn il-jiem, jew oħrajn.

298
00:13:37,200 --> 00:13:38,420
>> Allura dan huwa veru.

299
00:13:38,420 --> 00:13:42,814
X'iktar jista jiddettaw li kumpannija,
fornitur tas-servizz internet, jew ISP,

300
00:13:42,814 --> 00:13:45,855
jridu jibagħtu data dan il-mod minflok
B'dan il-mod, anki jekk huwa farther?

301
00:13:45,855 --> 00:13:50,470

302
00:13:50,470 --> 00:13:54,960
>> Ukoll, jirriżulta l-mod l-internet
nnifisha hija rregolata b'mod kummerċjali

303
00:13:54,960 --> 00:13:57,770
hija li hemm ħafna ta 'big
Plejers Barra hawn fuq l-internet,

304
00:13:57,770 --> 00:14:02,327
jekk huwa Comcast, jew Verizon, jew
Livell 3, jew aktar arcane ismijiet li inti

305
00:14:02,327 --> 00:14:04,910
jista 'ma smajt ta', iżda li
huma infrastruttura pjuttost kbar

306
00:14:04,910 --> 00:14:09,240
kumpaniji li jiffurmaw l ta internet
backbone---wajers,-routers,

307
00:14:09,240 --> 00:14:11,930
l cabling li inti biss
ma verament tara jew kura dwar.

308
00:14:11,930 --> 00:14:14,820
Minħabba dan kollu fil-
ġewwa run kummerċjalment.

309
00:14:14,820 --> 00:14:17,010
>> Ukoll, hemm affarijiet
punti peering imsejħa

310
00:14:17,010 --> 00:14:20,320
li biha ISP kbar
jista 'jkollhom xi server,

311
00:14:20,320 --> 00:14:22,950
jista 'jkollha xi routers u
xi kejbils ta 'ċentru tad-data.

312
00:14:22,950 --> 00:14:25,000
U ISPs oħra jista 'jkollhom l-istess.

313
00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:27,820
U ISPs oħra jista 'jkollhom l-istess
kollha ġewwa l-istess ċentru tad-data.

314
00:14:27,820 --> 00:14:28,740
>> U l-intraconnect.

315
00:14:28,740 --> 00:14:31,970
Huwa punt peering sa
sakemm dawn kollha jgħaqqdu.

316
00:14:31,970 --> 00:14:33,240
Li meta sħabhom konnessjoni.

317
00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:35,350
>> U min-natura tad
arranġamenti finanzjarji, huwa

318
00:14:35,350 --> 00:14:38,740
Jista 'jkun il-każ li Comcast
qablu li jibagħtu kemm tad-data tagħha

319
00:14:38,740 --> 00:14:41,830
peress li jista b'dan il-mod minflok dan il-mod.

320
00:14:41,830 --> 00:14:43,740
Minħabba, forsi, l-
bejjiegħ minn hawn va

321
00:14:43,740 --> 00:14:48,089
li tgħaddihom aktar għal kull gigabyte għall
jibagħtu data tagħhom fuq f'dik id-direzzjoni.

322
00:14:48,089 --> 00:14:51,130
Għalhekk jista 'jkun id-deċiżjonijiet finanzjarji
li jirregolaw f'liema direzzjoni l-affarijiet imorru.

323
00:14:51,130 --> 00:14:54,270
>> Jista 'jkun biss l-prestazzjoni
implikazzjonijiet, saħansitra aktar komunement.

324
00:14:54,270 --> 00:14:55,450
Routers nikseb mgħobbijin.

325
00:14:55,450 --> 00:14:57,430
Jekk ikun hemm ħafna ta '
nies jiksbu dar fil 05:00

326
00:14:57,430 --> 00:15:00,860
u jibda jkollna fuq l-internet, forsi
hemm konġestjoni fuq l-internet.

327
00:15:00,860 --> 00:15:03,380
U l-algoritmi, il
softwer li jaħdem fuq routers,

328
00:15:03,380 --> 00:15:05,590
ġeneralment se ngħid, jekk I
tibda tikseb mgħobbijin,

329
00:15:05,590 --> 00:15:08,030
I għandu jipprovdi xi feedback
biex routers oħra qrib lili

330
00:15:08,030 --> 00:15:10,400
sabiex dawn, wieħed jittama,
jmorru fi Stat direzzjoni,

331
00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:12,560
simili ħafna inti tevita ġamm traffiku.

332
00:15:12,560 --> 00:15:16,540
>> Allura dan mhux kollox li probabbli ta '
triq li d-data tista 'tieħu minn punt A

333
00:15:16,540 --> 00:15:18,920
sa punt B. U fl
fatt, inti tista 'ġeneralment

334
00:15:18,920 --> 00:15:23,080
jassumi li data tiegħek se jieħu
30 jew inqas ħops bħal dawn minn punt A

335
00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:27,340
sa punt B. Dan huwa jista 'jkun hemm bħala
Daqs 30 jew hekk routers bejn vous

336
00:15:27,340 --> 00:15:28,400
u l-punt B.

337
00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:29,850
>> U nistgħu, kultant, tara dan.

338
00:15:29,850 --> 00:15:31,820
Let me ara jekk il
netwerk hawn tikkoopera.

339
00:15:31,820 --> 00:15:35,000
Inkella, I ser jippruvaw eżempju differenti.

340
00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:38,170
Let me ara jekk nista
tagħmel dan fuq dan in-netwerk.

341
00:15:38,170 --> 00:15:38,950
U nista '.

342
00:15:38,950 --> 00:15:47,310
>> So I biss run, let me
jissimplifikaw outputs tiegħi ftit.

343
00:15:47,310 --> 00:15:52,640
Jien ser tagħmel ma dan.

344
00:15:52,640 --> 00:15:53,910
Hawnhekk, OK.

345
00:15:53,910 --> 00:15:57,106
>> Hekk jien ser tagħmel dan li ġej
kmand imsejħa traceroute.

346
00:15:57,106 --> 00:15:58,480
Allura issa dritt, jien biss fuq Mac tiegħi.

347
00:15:58,480 --> 00:16:01,146
Jien fi skola qodma iswed u
interface abjad, xejn bħal DOS

348
00:16:01,146 --> 00:16:01,860
minn imgħoddi.

349
00:16:01,860 --> 00:16:03,720
Imma jien biss trid tara
xi output testwali.

350
00:16:03,720 --> 00:16:06,050
>> U jien, litteralment, hawn
fil-Harvard University

351
00:16:06,050 --> 00:16:10,650
tixtieq li jintraċċaw ir-rotta
bejni u www.cnn.com.

352
00:16:10,650 --> 00:16:13,077
Mela ejja ara dak li jiġri
Issa meta I hit Ikteb.

353
00:16:13,077 --> 00:16:15,410
A mazz sħiħ ta 'għalf jibda
jteptep up fuq l-iskrin.

354
00:16:15,410 --> 00:16:18,090
>> U ejja ara jekk ma nistgħux
jagħmel xi sens ta 'din.

355
00:16:18,090 --> 00:16:22,720
Allura 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, u
huwa tip ta 'mdendlin dritt issa.

356
00:16:22,720 --> 00:16:24,930
Ser naraw jekk dan tikkompleta
dan il-proċess jew le.

357
00:16:24,930 --> 00:16:27,900
Jirriżulta li kull wieħed mill-
linji ta 'produzzjoni, fuq l-iskrin,

358
00:16:27,900 --> 00:16:29,380
jirrappreżentaw xi ħaġa.

359
00:16:29,380 --> 00:16:32,170
U bbażati fuq ewlieni tagħna
diskussjoni s'issa,

360
00:16:32,170 --> 00:16:36,500
liema do kull waħda minn dawn il-linji ta 'produzzjoni,
enumerati 1 sa 11 fil-mument,

361
00:16:36,500 --> 00:16:37,430
jirrappreżenta?

362
00:16:37,430 --> 00:16:38,614
>> UDJENZA: routers differenti.

363
00:16:38,614 --> 00:16:41,280
DAVID J. Malan: routers differenti,
tikek differenti fuq l-iskrin.

364
00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:43,196
U iva, liema dan il-programm,
traceroute, qed tagħmel

365
00:16:43,196 --> 00:16:45,760
huwa huwa litteralment traċċar l
rotta bejn lili u CNN.com.

366
00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:52,160
Allura f'dan il-każ, skala 1 huwa, apparentement,
router li l-indirizz IP huwa dak?

367
00:16:52,160 --> 00:16:54,229
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]

368
00:16:54,229 --> 00:16:56,520
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, iżda
speċifikament, l-indirizz IP tiegħu.

369
00:16:56,520 --> 00:16:58,040
Ftakar, l-indirizz IP tiegħu huwa numerika.

370
00:16:58,040 --> 00:17:00,520
Allura biex jagħmlu biss niżguraw li qed
kollha fuq l-istess paġna, x'hemm

371
00:17:00,520 --> 00:17:03,360
-indirizz IP ta 'l-ewwel
router bejni u Harvard?

372
00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:06,800
I mean, sorry, bejni u CNN?

373
00:17:06,800 --> 00:17:07,691
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]

374
00:17:07,691 --> 00:17:08,690
DAVID J. Malan: Perfect.

375
00:17:08,690 --> 00:17:09,670
UDJENZA: [inaudible]

376
00:17:09,670 --> 00:17:10,180
DAVID J. Malan: Eżattament.

377
00:17:10,180 --> 00:17:12,170
Aħna biss jiddeduċi
dan mill-realtà

378
00:17:12,170 --> 00:17:15,115
li din l-ewwel ħops, hekk li
jitkellmu, biss għandu dak l-indirizz.

379
00:17:15,115 --> 00:17:16,740
Huwa ma jkollu l-isem għal xi raġuni.

380
00:17:16,740 --> 00:17:19,448
Imma dak li biss minħabba li l-bnedmin
iddeċieda li ma tagħtiha isem.

381
00:17:19,448 --> 00:17:20,170
U dan ikun hekk.

382
00:17:20,170 --> 00:17:22,951
>> Pass 2 huwa ieħor router.

383
00:17:22,951 --> 00:17:24,450
Iżda għal darb'oħra, jien qal li kien konvenzjoni.

384
00:17:24,450 --> 00:17:26,720
Mhuwiex meħtieġ li
routers IPs tintemm fl 0.1.

385
00:17:26,720 --> 00:17:27,920
Dan wieħed ma.

386
00:17:27,920 --> 00:17:32,200
PI It-tieni router hija din.

387
00:17:32,200 --> 00:17:35,310
>> Issa, jidher qisu l-bnedmin
ltqajna ftit aktar organizzat

388
00:17:35,310 --> 00:17:37,690
u bdew tismija
routers tagħhom ma 'dak li

389
00:17:37,690 --> 00:17:40,064
dehra URLs jew porzjonijiet ta 'URLs.

390
00:17:40,064 --> 00:17:40,730
Iżda dawn mhux qed.

391
00:17:40,730 --> 00:17:43,040
Huma qed biss l-ismijiet
li l-bnedmin jagħtu lill-affarijiet.

392
00:17:43,040 --> 00:17:46,610
>> U, apparentement, huwa l-każ
li dan router, mhux sorpriża,

393
00:17:46,610 --> 00:17:49,392
hija proprjetà ta 'min probabbilment?

394
00:17:49,392 --> 00:17:50,600
Huwa probabbilment Harvard, id-dritt?

395
00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:53,550
Minħabba li l-isem tal-
Ħaġa jintemm fl harvard.edu.

396
00:17:53,550 --> 00:17:54,550
X'inhu l-isem?

397
00:17:54,550 --> 00:17:58,990
coregw1, qalba ifisser biss
importanti, fin-nofs.

398
00:17:58,990 --> 00:18:01,984
ale is-- għidt qabel.

399
00:18:01,984 --> 00:18:02,810
>> UDJENZA: Gateway.

400
00:18:02,810 --> 00:18:06,120
>> DAVID J. Malan: Gateway,
biss sinonimu għall router.

401
00:18:06,120 --> 00:18:09,010
Allura dan huwa l-importanti ħafna
Numru portal ċentrali 1.

402
00:18:09,010 --> 00:18:10,290
I do not know dak te mezzi.

403
00:18:10,290 --> 00:18:11,411
3-5, ma nafx.

404
00:18:11,411 --> 00:18:12,910
qalba, probabbilment tfisser l-istess ħaġa.

405
00:18:12,910 --> 00:18:15,890
>> .net.harvard.edu, ma
neċessarjament tħares nadif.

406
00:18:15,890 --> 00:18:18,770
Iżda huwa utli li xi sistema
amministratur x'imkien fil-Harvard.

407
00:18:18,770 --> 00:18:22,710
Pass 4, jien ddeduċiet minn konvenzjoni.

408
00:18:22,710 --> 00:18:24,816
What do you think 4 tirrappreżenta?

409
00:18:24,816 --> 00:18:26,950
Huwa għadu router.

410
00:18:26,950 --> 00:18:31,280
>> Xi jfisser BDR probabbilment,
dak ma ħoss bħal?

411
00:18:31,280 --> 00:18:31,880
Fruntiera.

412
00:18:31,880 --> 00:18:36,040
Allura dan huwa probabbilment router li l-
fiżikament fuq il-fruntiera tal-Harvard

413
00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:39,470
u l-bqija tad-dinja, eċċ
-tarf tal-kampus x'imkien.

414
00:18:39,470 --> 00:18:43,070
>> Pass 5 huwa interessanti.

415
00:18:43,070 --> 00:18:45,660
5. xorta jgħid Harvard.

416
00:18:45,660 --> 00:18:49,300
Iżda NOx tendenza li joqgħod għal
Salib it-toroq tat-Tramuntana, li

417
00:18:49,300 --> 00:18:53,710
hija peering popolari ħafna point-- bħala I
deskritt qabel, ċentru tad-data fejn

418
00:18:53,710 --> 00:18:57,230
lottijiet ta 'nies differenti, Harvard
u ISPs kbar l-oħra, come flimkien

419
00:18:57,230 --> 00:19:00,640
u interkonnessjoni kejbils tagħhom
sabiex id-data tista 'tmur x'imkien ieħor

420
00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:01,590
fuq l-internet.

421
00:19:01,590 --> 00:19:04,740
>> U issa, l-affarijiet jiksbu
ftit aktar interessanti.

422
00:19:04,740 --> 00:19:06,940
I do not know fejn dan għadu biss.

423
00:19:06,940 --> 00:19:11,322
Apparentement, RTR, jien
guessing, huwa router.

424
00:19:11,322 --> 00:19:15,080
Equinix fi New York hija
possibilment l-oriġini ta 'dak.

425
00:19:15,080 --> 00:19:21,300
Iżda Internet2 hija internet super fast
konnettività fost l-universitajiet,

426
00:19:21,300 --> 00:19:21,860
speċjalment.

427
00:19:21,860 --> 00:19:23,943
Allura li jidher li jkun dak li
aħna qed konness ma hemm.

428
00:19:23,943 --> 00:19:27,460
Għal kwalunkwe raġuni, il-
routers fil-passi 7, 8, u 9

429
00:19:27,460 --> 00:19:28,610
huma biss ma twieġeb magħna.

430
00:19:28,610 --> 00:19:30,790
Li probabbilment minħabba
ta 'jew misconfiguration

431
00:19:30,790 --> 00:19:31,920
jew konfigurazzjoni konxja.

432
00:19:31,920 --> 00:19:35,250
Kull min imur dawk routers ma
kura li jiżvelaw informazzjoni.

433
00:19:35,250 --> 00:19:38,230
>> Iżda pass 10 huwa interessanti biżżejjed.

434
00:19:38,230 --> 00:19:43,540
Minħabba I tista raden minn
dan, b'xi probabbilità,

435
00:19:43,540 --> 00:19:48,370
li d-data tiegħi, id-data
jħallu laptop tiegħi, pass

436
00:19:48,370 --> 00:19:53,020
10-- 10 passi later-- għandha
daħal liema ġeografija?

437
00:19:53,020 --> 00:19:54,270
New York.

438
00:19:54,270 --> 00:19:58,040
>> U kif fast ma ħadet data tiegħi,
minn laptop tiegħi, biex tikseb lejn New York

439
00:19:58,040 --> 00:20:00,760
fi triqtu lejn CNN kieku inti raden?

440
00:20:00,760 --> 00:20:02,240
28 millisekondi.

441
00:20:02,240 --> 00:20:04,020
U din l-għodda mhux biss traċċi ir-rotta.

442
00:20:04,020 --> 00:20:05,380
Hija wkoll affarijiet darbiet.

443
00:20:05,380 --> 00:20:06,630
>> U l-affarijiet jistgħu jiksbu konġestjoni.

444
00:20:06,630 --> 00:20:10,222
Allura n-numri jista 'xi kultant jaqbżu
jew 'l isfel ftit għarrieda.

445
00:20:10,222 --> 00:20:12,680
Imma jekk inti taħseb, issa, kemm żmien
li tieħu biex tikseb lejn New York

446
00:20:12,680 --> 00:20:16,050
minn hawn, li huwa probabbilment madwar
erba 'jew hekk sigħat bil-karozza jew bil-ferrovija,

447
00:20:16,050 --> 00:20:18,945
huwa ħafna aktar mgħaġġla biex jibagħtu
yourself permezz elettronikament

448
00:20:18,945 --> 00:20:22,732
jekk tieħu biss 28 millisekondi
biex tikseb minn hawn għal hemm.

449
00:20:22,732 --> 00:20:25,440
Issa sfortunatament, l-ieħor
routers ma jidhirx li tkun tiżvela.

450
00:20:25,440 --> 00:20:26,356
Ejja nippruvaw xulxin.

451
00:20:26,356 --> 00:20:30,030
Biss għall kicks, ejja
ipprova Amazon.com u ara

452
00:20:30,030 --> 00:20:32,715
jekk il-routers huma ftit aktar
kkooperaw, li jafu li huwa

453
00:20:32,715 --> 00:20:34,340
jista 'jieħu triq kompletament differenti.

454
00:20:34,340 --> 00:20:36,992
Allura forsi aħna mhux se tolqot
ostakoli kemm hemm.

455
00:20:36,992 --> 00:20:38,910
>> Huwa jistenna ftit differenti hawn.

456
00:20:38,910 --> 00:20:41,940
I do not think rajna nett sum1 AWS.

457
00:20:41,940 --> 00:20:44,790
U fil-fatt, AWS hu Amazon Web Services.

458
00:20:44,790 --> 00:20:47,517
Harvard għandha servizz jissejjaħ
Connect diretta ma Amazon,

459
00:20:47,517 --> 00:20:49,350
fejn nħallsu ftit
ftit flus biex Amazon

460
00:20:49,350 --> 00:20:51,410
biex tikseb konnettività aktar malajr
għan-netwerk Amazon.

461
00:20:51,410 --> 00:20:53,659
Allura aħna jużaw ħafna tagħhom
servizzi sħaba, li wħud minnhom

462
00:20:53,659 --> 00:20:55,120
nistgħu nitkellmu dwar ftit aktar tard.

463
00:20:55,120 --> 00:20:57,560
>> Jidher-routers hawn,
wisq, qed jiġu ftit jitmeżmżu.

464
00:20:57,560 --> 00:20:59,560
Allura aħna ma tara kollha li ħafna aktar.

465
00:20:59,560 --> 00:21:02,380
Imma ejja ara jekk nistgħu
glean xi ħaġa ftit aktar

466
00:21:02,380 --> 00:21:04,600
billi tmur differenti
direzzjoni għal kollox.

467
00:21:04,600 --> 00:21:07,807
>> Ejja nippruvaw ħbieb tagħna fuq Stanford.edu.

468
00:21:07,807 --> 00:21:08,890
Ara jekk irridu jiksbu xi farther.

469
00:21:08,890 --> 00:21:12,066

470
00:21:12,066 --> 00:21:15,430
Le, xorta tkun ftit privata.

471
00:21:15,430 --> 00:21:18,060

472
00:21:18,060 --> 00:21:22,514
Jidher din it-triq istess
ħabi ruħha ftit.

473
00:21:22,514 --> 00:21:24,930
Allura aħna ser nippruvaw wieħed aktar jekk dan
ma jagħtu riżultati mmerraq.

474
00:21:24,930 --> 00:21:31,150
Iżda int tista 'tip ta' tara dawk
IPs, I jista 'jagħmel deduzzjoni hawn.

475
00:21:31,150 --> 00:21:35,830
Liema jista inti jikkonkludu, anki jekk
int mhux inġinier netwerk,

476
00:21:35,830 --> 00:21:40,260
Huwa veru bbażat fuq in-numri int
jaraw fil-pass 7 sa 9 u 12

477
00:21:40,260 --> 00:21:42,110
permezz 15?

478
00:21:42,110 --> 00:21:43,780
>> X'hemm raden edukati hawn?

479
00:21:43,780 --> 00:21:46,690
X'hemm dikjarazzjoni vera?

480
00:21:46,690 --> 00:21:49,515
>> UDJENZA: Xi ħaġa madwar
il 205 [inaudible].

481
00:21:49,515 --> 00:21:52,320
>> DAVID J. Malan: Veru, u jien
tħares lejn in-numri fuq il-lemin.

482
00:21:52,320 --> 00:21:57,210
Fejn huma dawn routers, anki jekk
ma jidhirx li għandhom ismijiet?

483
00:21:57,210 --> 00:22:00,150
>> UDJENZA: X'imkien ieħor
bogħod minn [inaudible].

484
00:22:00,150 --> 00:22:01,330
>> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah.

485
00:22:01,330 --> 00:22:02,640
U jien ma nafx fejn.

486
00:22:02,640 --> 00:22:05,330
Iżda avviż pass 7 jgħid 123 millisekondi.

487
00:22:05,330 --> 00:22:09,310
Iżda biss tliet ħops minn qabel,
hija ħadet biss 3 millisekondi.

488
00:22:09,310 --> 00:22:10,509
>> UDJENZA: Allura [inaudible]

489
00:22:10,509 --> 00:22:11,800
DAVID J. Malan: Mhux hawn, yeah.

490
00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:13,430
Allura forsi huwa nofs tal-pajjiż.

491
00:22:13,430 --> 00:22:14,846
Forsi huwa l-Kosta tal-Punent diġà.

492
00:22:14,846 --> 00:22:16,840
I really do not know,
kompletament guessing.

493
00:22:16,840 --> 00:22:20,890
>> Iżda peress li kull ħops ieħor
wara wkoll ħadet aktar żmien,

494
00:22:20,890 --> 00:22:23,410
iħoss raġonevoli li
jikkonkludi li hemm biss

495
00:22:23,410 --> 00:22:26,390
ġeografija fiżika bejnietna u minnhom.

496
00:22:26,390 --> 00:22:30,700
U li jkun ċar, li kull wieħed
dawn in-numri ma tkunx pairwise.

497
00:22:30,700 --> 00:22:33,230
Dan ma jfissirx kull ħops
jieħu 100 millisekondi.

498
00:22:33,230 --> 00:22:36,660
>> Kull wieħed minn dawn in-numri jirrappreżenta mill
punt A għal din ħops intermedju.

499
00:22:36,660 --> 00:22:39,842
Allura b'mod ġenerali, huma għandhom biss
jkun inkrementazzjoni dejjem hekk ftit.

500
00:22:39,842 --> 00:22:42,550
Allura l-fatt li kollha ta 'dawn,
issa, huma bejn wieħed u ieħor 100 millisekondi,

501
00:22:42,550 --> 00:22:44,490
iħoss bhalu ltqajna biex tkun aktar 'l bogħod.

502
00:22:44,490 --> 00:22:45,870
U jien ser nipprova aħħar wieħed wieħed.

503
00:22:45,870 --> 00:22:48,480
>> Imma jien guessing aħna qed tmur
biex tara mazz ta 'stilel.

504
00:22:48,480 --> 00:22:52,545
Ejja nippruvaw 'l-Ġappuniż
Verżjoni tal-websajt CNN.

505
00:22:52,545 --> 00:22:54,180
Oh, OK, issa huwa jkollna mmerraq.

506
00:22:54,180 --> 00:22:59,010
Minħabba apparentement huwa verament għandha
ħadet triq differenti permezz tal-Istati Uniti.

507
00:22:59,010 --> 00:23:00,990
>> Ejja tagħti ħarsa lejn, oh, dan huwa kbir.

508
00:23:00,990 --> 00:23:01,970
Dan wieħed lest.

509
00:23:01,970 --> 00:23:03,860
Allura dan hija qawwija.

510
00:23:03,860 --> 00:23:11,203
F'passi 1 sa 4, dak
belt aħna probabbilment fil-?

511
00:23:11,203 --> 00:23:12,037
>> UDJENZA: Cambridge.

512
00:23:12,037 --> 00:23:13,119
DAVID J. Malan: Cambridge.

513
00:23:13,119 --> 00:23:14,170
U għaliex inti tgħid li?

514
00:23:14,170 --> 00:23:15,680
Dan kollu harvard.edu.

515
00:23:15,680 --> 00:23:18,330
Fil-pass 5, fejn jista nkunu?

516
00:23:18,330 --> 00:23:18,890
Boston.

517
00:23:18,890 --> 00:23:20,550
Fil-pass 6, fejn jista nkunu?

518
00:23:20,550 --> 00:23:21,350
>> UDJENZA: Numru 6.

519
00:23:21,350 --> 00:23:22,812
>> DAVID J. Malan: U fejn huwa s-San Jose?

520
00:23:22,812 --> 00:23:23,960
>> UDJENZA: Huwa fil-California.

521
00:23:23,960 --> 00:23:24,740
>> DAVID J. Malan: California?

522
00:23:24,740 --> 00:23:27,448
Huwa probabbilment l-San Jose,
California, liema huwa tip tal-aqwa.

523
00:23:27,448 --> 00:23:28,500
Issa, għaliex għandna ngħidu li?

524
00:23:28,500 --> 00:23:30,770
Allura wieħed, San Jose-- li l-
l-unika San Jose jien naf.

525
00:23:30,770 --> 00:23:32,020
Imma jien ċert li hemm oħrajn.

526
00:23:32,020 --> 00:23:36,756
Iżda li tikkorrobora dik hunch
huwa dak biċċa oħra ta 'data?

527
00:23:36,756 --> 00:23:38,789
>> UDJENZA: Il ġeografika.

528
00:23:38,789 --> 00:23:40,580
DAVID J. Malan: Il
triq ġeografika iħoss

529
00:23:40,580 --> 00:23:42,940
bħal dak l-ordni
aħna probabbilment se jmorru

530
00:23:42,940 --> 00:23:45,250
biex jiksbu l-Ġappun fuq l-Oċean Paċifiku.

531
00:23:45,250 --> 00:23:48,320
U dak barra minn hekk biċċa
tad-dejta jikkorrobora li,

532
00:23:48,320 --> 00:23:52,660
yeah, aħna biss ħa
dawran xellug għal-California?

533
00:23:52,660 --> 00:23:53,950
Il-ħin verament jumps.

534
00:23:53,950 --> 00:24:02,550
>> Avviż immorru minn 1.989 millisekondi,
Fir-ringiela 5, 74 millisekondi fil-filliera 6,

535
00:24:02,550 --> 00:24:05,300
li jissuġġerixxi hemm
probabbilment xi korp kbir ta 'art.

536
00:24:05,300 --> 00:24:10,590
Allura hemm ukoll xi verament għaljin,
kejbil qawwija, jidher,

537
00:24:10,590 --> 00:24:15,370
jmorru madwar il-pajjiż kollu jwassal
minn Boston lejn San Jose f'dan il-każ.

538
00:24:15,370 --> 00:24:16,740
Ma nafx fejn pass 7 hu.

539
00:24:16,740 --> 00:24:20,030
>> Imma jiġrilha verament jibred meta aħna
ħarsa, issa, fil-pass 8 u 9 quddiem.

540
00:24:20,030 --> 00:24:22,100
Fejn huma dawk routers?

541
00:24:22,100 --> 00:24:23,090
Probabbilment il-Ġappun.

542
00:24:23,090 --> 00:24:27,706
Allura dak li huwa bejn pass
7 u 8 aktar probabbli?

543
00:24:27,706 --> 00:24:28,680
>> UDJENZA: Londra.

544
00:24:28,680 --> 00:24:30,846
>> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, hekk
hemm ukoll trans-Paċifiku,

545
00:24:30,846 --> 00:24:35,750
transatlantiku, TRANSOCEANIC
cabling li vapuri verament kbir ftit

546
00:24:35,750 --> 00:24:38,950
roll out u mqiegħda fuq il-qiegħ
tal-oċean, li jġorr

547
00:24:38,950 --> 00:24:40,460
kollha ta 'dan konnessjoni tal-internet.

548
00:24:40,460 --> 00:24:42,440
U hu għalhekk li tagħna
konnessjoni tan-netwerk gets

549
00:24:42,440 --> 00:24:44,520
hekk ħafna aktar kajman, relattivament speaking.

550
00:24:44,520 --> 00:24:46,687
U semmejt qabel,
ġeneralment, u sew, dan

551
00:24:46,687 --> 00:24:49,020
hija xi ħaġa iżviluppatur web
jista 'jkun irid iżomm f'moħħu.

552
00:24:49,020 --> 00:24:50,770
>> Aħna mhux se tidħol fis wisq
ħafna għada dettall.

553
00:24:50,770 --> 00:24:54,090
Iżda ġeneralment, bniedem se tibda
avviż dewmien fuq paġna web

554
00:24:54,090 --> 00:24:56,775
jekk xi ħaġa jieħu 200 jew
aktar millisekondi tagħbija.

555
00:24:56,775 --> 00:24:59,670
I mean, dak għadu super
fast-- minn ħamsa ta 'sekonda.

556
00:24:59,670 --> 00:25:02,270
Iżda dan huwa wieħed mill-
metriċi li iżviluppatur web

557
00:25:02,270 --> 00:25:05,290
għandu jżomm f'moħħu meta jiddisinjaw
paġna, meta hu jew hi

558
00:25:05,290 --> 00:25:10,360
ħolqien grafika, jew li żżid b'mod
reklami ta 'terzi software--,

559
00:25:10,360 --> 00:25:10,970
forsi.

560
00:25:10,970 --> 00:25:12,900
>> Inti ma tridx li bil-mod
l-tagħbija paġna.

561
00:25:12,900 --> 00:25:15,320
Inti, idealment, jixtiequ jżommu
dan malajr kemm jista 'jkun.

562
00:25:15,320 --> 00:25:18,440
U jekk inti tibda wara tagħbija paġna
ħinijiet ta '200 millisekondi plus,

563
00:25:18,440 --> 00:25:21,420
il-bniedem għaddej għal avviż
li mhuwiex verament instant.

564
00:25:21,420 --> 00:25:24,770
U hekk dawn in-numri mhumiex
dak kollu li mhux familjari lilna.

565
00:25:24,770 --> 00:25:29,340
>> Allura dan, imbagħad, jaqbad ftit aktar
kwantitattivament x'inhu għaddej hawn.

566
00:25:29,340 --> 00:25:31,870
U tassew jiġifieri, anke
għalkemm jien tip ta 'bemoaning

567
00:25:31,870 --> 00:25:33,545
bil-mod kif huwa li tikseb il-Ġappun.

568
00:25:33,545 --> 00:25:36,050
I mean, huwa għadu
inqas minn nofs sekonda

569
00:25:36,050 --> 00:25:38,310
biex tinkiseb data fin-nofs tiegħek
madwar id-dinja,

570
00:25:38,310 --> 00:25:42,730
jekk din email, web page,
jew xi ħaġa oħra f'dan is-sens.

571
00:25:42,730 --> 00:25:47,500
>> Kull dritt, hekk kif ma dan, imbagħad,
għandhom x'jaqsmu ma 'fejn konna se aktar kmieni.

572
00:25:47,500 --> 00:25:49,120
Konna nitkellmu dwar l-indirizz IP.

573
00:25:49,120 --> 00:25:52,500
U kull kompjuter, fuq l-internet, għandu
indirizz uniku, aħna ser ngħidu għall now--

574
00:25:52,500 --> 00:25:54,660
imma daqsxejn ta 'lie-- abjad
imsejħa l-indirizz IP.

575
00:25:54,660 --> 00:25:56,890
U dak l-indirizz IP huwa użat kif?

576
00:25:56,890 --> 00:26:00,230
>> Huwa użat minn dawn routers biex tiddeċiedi
jekk id-data għandhom imorru hawn, hawn,

577
00:26:00,230 --> 00:26:01,280
hawn, jew hawn.

578
00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:04,256
U jien simplifikata affarijiet billi qal
hija biss tħares lejn l-ewwel ċifra.

579
00:26:04,256 --> 00:26:05,380
Iżda li mhux verament veru.

580
00:26:05,380 --> 00:26:08,060
Hija tħares lejn aktar taċ-ċifri diġitali,
tipikament, figura dan.

581
00:26:08,060 --> 00:26:11,310
>> U jew bnedmin wettqu
algoritmi tal-kompjuter ddeċidew jew

582
00:26:11,310 --> 00:26:13,980
iddeċidejt liema l-aħjar
rotta hija għal dik id-data.

583
00:26:13,980 --> 00:26:15,950
Allura li, wieħed jittama,
fi Ŝmien 30 jew hekk ħops,

584
00:26:15,950 --> 00:26:18,850
li eventwalment gets destinazzjoni tiegħu.

585
00:26:18,850 --> 00:26:22,270
Ladarba Stajt mitluba Amazon
home page, kif ma Amazon

586
00:26:22,270 --> 00:26:26,330
jafu li lilha biex jibagħtu l-home page?

587
00:26:26,330 --> 00:26:28,680
>> Dritt, fl-iskola antika
forma, I tibgħat kartolina

588
00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:31,500
Amazon qal, jekk jogħġbok
tibgħatli home page tiegħek.

589
00:26:31,500 --> 00:26:35,350
Amazon għaddej biex tirrispondi xi
tip ta 'messaġġ, xi tip ta' kartolina,

590
00:26:35,350 --> 00:26:36,970
xi tip ta 'envelopp tagħha stess.

591
00:26:36,970 --> 00:26:39,560
Mela ejja nagħmlu eżattament dan biss
Ħares dan għal mument.

592
00:26:39,560 --> 00:26:41,700
>> Allura l-internet f'dawn il-jiem,
kif inti tista smajt,

593
00:26:41,700 --> 00:26:44,200
jidher li tkun mimlija bl-
qtates u stampi tal-qtates.

594
00:26:44,200 --> 00:26:48,300
Allura jissoponi li xi ħadd s jipprova
żur mhux Amazon.com, iżda xi websajt

595
00:26:48,300 --> 00:26:49,790
li tniżżel stampa ta 'qattus.

596
00:26:49,790 --> 00:26:53,805
Allura laptop tiegħi trid tibgħat talba,
permezz tal-web, li xi websites qal,

597
00:26:53,805 --> 00:26:55,560
agħtini stampa tal-lum ta 'qattus.

598
00:26:55,560 --> 00:26:58,780
>> U dan qattus, wieħed jittama, għandha
imbagħad nikseb titniżżel għall-kompjuter tiegħi.

599
00:26:58,780 --> 00:27:00,094
Allura dak li verament jiġri?

600
00:27:00,094 --> 00:27:01,510
Well, let me imorru quddiem u tagħmel dan.

601
00:27:01,510 --> 00:27:04,430
Stajt ltqajna erba pakketti iskola antika hawn.

602
00:27:04,430 --> 00:27:05,680
U dan huwa metafora utli.

603
00:27:05,680 --> 00:27:08,260
Minħabba li dan huwa, essenzjalment,
b'mod elettroniku dak

604
00:27:08,260 --> 00:27:10,570
jiġri taħt l-
hood meta nibgħat messaġġ.

605
00:27:10,570 --> 00:27:15,850
>> Dan għall-fini ta 'diskussjoni,
ejja ngħidu dan ma Amazon itwal.

606
00:27:15,850 --> 00:27:18,200
Din hija cats.com jew xi ħaġa.

607
00:27:18,200 --> 00:27:24,250
U l-indirizz IP tiegħi, jien ser
ngħidu għas-sempliċità, hija 1.2.3.4.

608
00:27:24,250 --> 00:27:29,950
U l-websajt qattus se jkun 5.6.7.8.

609
00:27:29,950 --> 00:27:33,090
>> U xi tfisser għall
me huwa dan li ġej.

610
00:27:33,090 --> 00:27:40,840
I am ser tpoġġi 1.2.3.4, 1.2.3.4.

611
00:27:40,840 --> 00:27:43,555
U jien ser istiva dawn il-up fit-tieni.

612
00:27:43,555 --> 00:27:46,350
1.2.3.4.

613
00:27:46,350 --> 00:27:51,087
Jien ser tpoġġi ritorn tiegħi
jindirizzahom kollha ta 'dawn pakketti,

614
00:27:51,087 --> 00:27:52,920
fil-quċċata-xellug
kantuniera kif inti tipikament

615
00:27:52,920 --> 00:27:54,211
kieku meta mailing envelop.

616
00:27:54,211 --> 00:27:58,905
U issa, ħu raden dak li jeħtieġ
li jmorru fil-parti ewlenija tal-pakkett.

617
00:27:58,905 --> 00:27:59,780
UDJENZA: [inaudible]

618
00:27:59,780 --> 00:28:00,430
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, yeah.

619
00:28:00,430 --> 00:28:00,930
Dak kollox.

620
00:28:00,930 --> 00:28:03,600
Allura 5.6.7.8.

621
00:28:03,600 --> 00:28:13,970
Allura 5.6.7.8, 5.6.7.8, 5.6.7.8, 5.6.7.8.

622
00:28:13,970 --> 00:28:18,450
>> U issa, dan qattus hawn,
mid-disinn, va

623
00:28:18,450 --> 00:28:21,030
li jiġu chomped up fis multipli
biċċiet wara I jitolbuha.

624
00:28:21,030 --> 00:28:22,960
Mela ejja ngħidu, għall-
finijiet ta 'din l-istorja,

625
00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:24,890
Stajt diġà bagħtet
pakkett ta tiegħi stess

626
00:28:24,890 --> 00:28:28,114
li cats.com qal, jekk jogħġbok
agħtini qtates lum.

627
00:28:28,114 --> 00:28:30,280
Allura dak li aħna qed jitkellem dwar,
issa, huwa l-aħħar nofs

628
00:28:30,280 --> 00:28:35,450
tat-transazzjoni, meta r-risposta niġu
lura minn cats.com għal ftit lili qodma.

629
00:28:35,450 --> 00:28:39,380
>> Għalhekk jirriżulta li l-protokoll,
li dawn il-kompjuters jitkellmu,

630
00:28:39,380 --> 00:28:44,470
huwa ġeneralment xi ħaġa imsejħa TCP / IP,
li inti probabilment raw x'imkien

631
00:28:44,470 --> 00:28:48,670
jew ieħor fuq Mac tiegħek, jew
PC, jew mezzi, jew fuq movie,

632
00:28:48,670 --> 00:28:50,040
jew programm tat-TV, jew espressjonijiet simili.

633
00:28:50,040 --> 00:28:51,370
Allura dak li jfisser dan kollu jfisser?

634
00:28:51,370 --> 00:28:53,900
Dan huwa attwalment
kombinazzjoni ta 'żewġ protokolli.

635
00:28:53,900 --> 00:28:57,050
>> U protokoll huwa biss lingwa
li żewġ kompjuters jitkellmu.

636
00:28:57,050 --> 00:28:59,620
Fil-fatt, protokoll fil
-dinja tal-bniedem, bonjour.

637
00:28:59,620 --> 00:29:00,370
David Jisimni s.

638
00:29:00,370 --> 00:29:01,570
>> UDJENZA: Hello.

639
00:29:01,570 --> 00:29:02,945
>> DAVID J. Malan: Nizza biex jissodisfaw inti.

640
00:29:02,945 --> 00:29:05,930
Allura dan huwa bniedem pjuttost stupid
protokoll, fejn I jestendu naħa tiegħi.

641
00:29:05,930 --> 00:29:07,320
U Arwa jestendi naħa tagħha.

642
00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:09,050
U aħna jiltaqgħu u greet.

643
00:29:09,050 --> 00:29:11,150
U mbagħad, it-tranżazzjoni hija kompluta.

644
00:29:11,150 --> 00:29:13,980
>> Imma hija protokoll sa
Safejn huwa sett ta 'passi

645
00:29:13,980 --> 00:29:18,900
li huwa b'kitba li kemm
minna jafu kif jaġixxu barra.

646
00:29:18,900 --> 00:29:19,900
U hemm bidu.

647
00:29:19,900 --> 00:29:21,060
U hemm fi tmiemu.

648
00:29:21,060 --> 00:29:24,170
Bl-istess mod, meta
jasal għall-kompjuters, huma

649
00:29:24,170 --> 00:29:27,350
jista 'jkollhom settijiet protocols-- ta
konvenzjonijiet li, fil-ġustizzja, ikollhom

650
00:29:27,350 --> 00:29:28,830
ġie deċiż mill-bnedmin.

651
00:29:28,830 --> 00:29:33,220
Iżda dawn qed jintużaw minn kompjuters li
jiddettaw kif il-kompjuters intercommunicate.

652
00:29:33,220 --> 00:29:38,490
>> IP hija n-nofs ta 'dan il-par ta' protokolli
li jirregola kif inti jindirizzaw kompjuters.

653
00:29:38,490 --> 00:29:39,860
Kif inti jindirizzaw kompjuters?

654
00:29:39,860 --> 00:29:42,790
Eżattament bħal dan.

655
00:29:42,790 --> 00:29:45,380
>> Allura PI huwa sett ta '
konvenzjonijiet li jgħid jagħmlu

656
00:29:45,380 --> 00:29:47,370
ċert li għandek IP
indirizz tar-reċipjent

657
00:29:47,370 --> 00:29:49,000
u l-indirizz IP ta 'l-mittent.

658
00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:51,070
U tagħmel użu minnu bit-tikek,
xi ħaġa dot ħaġa

659
00:29:51,070 --> 00:29:52,700
dot xi ħaġa dot format xi ħaġa.

660
00:29:52,700 --> 00:29:58,820
Per eżempju, TCP hija differenti
protokoll, jintużaw flimkien ma 'PI,

661
00:29:58,820 --> 00:30:01,410
li ġeneralment garanziji ta 'kunsinna.

662
00:30:01,410 --> 00:30:04,590
PI biss jgħidlekx kompjuters
kif għandhom jiġu indirizzati lil xulxin.

663
00:30:04,590 --> 00:30:07,560
>> Huwa biss meta għidt
David, inti qal Arwa.

664
00:30:07,560 --> 00:30:11,860
Dan kien ekwivalenti PI tagħna, tagħna
passi biex jiġi indirizzat xulxin.

665
00:30:11,860 --> 00:30:15,970
Iżda biex jikkonferma kunsinna,
kompjuters jintuża protokoll

666
00:30:15,970 --> 00:30:19,960
imsejħa TCP, Trażmissjoni
Kontroll Protokoll, li huwa biss

667
00:30:19,960 --> 00:30:23,690
mod fancy ta 'tgħid hemm
huma karatteristiċi addizzjonali wżati

668
00:30:23,690 --> 00:30:28,650
minn kompjuters sabiex ikun żgurat li dawn kollha
envelops I iżommu impriża agrikola tiegħu sal attwalment

669
00:30:28,650 --> 00:30:30,140
tikseb id-destinazzjoni tagħhom.

670
00:30:30,140 --> 00:30:32,810
>> U l-mekkaniżmu wieħed għall
li hija kif ġej.

671
00:30:32,810 --> 00:30:37,870
I jidhru li jkollhom kemm
envelops hawn fil-mument?

672
00:30:37,870 --> 00:30:38,659
>> UDJENZA: Erba.

673
00:30:38,659 --> 00:30:39,700
DAVID J. Malan: OK, erbgħa.

674
00:30:39,700 --> 00:30:43,890
Allura jħoss simili, biss biex tkun imbarazz ftit
dwar dan kollu, jien ser numru

675
00:30:43,890 --> 00:30:46,900
minnhom fil-qiegħ tax-xellug
kantuniera, bħall-qasam memo.

676
00:30:46,900 --> 00:30:52,940
U jien biss se ngħid 1, 2, 3, 4.

677
00:30:52,940 --> 00:30:56,050
Imma issa, tibda taħseb ta '
daqsxejn aktar bħal inġinier.

678
00:30:56,050 --> 00:30:59,700
>> Have I jotted kemm
informazzjoni kif I attwalment jkollhom?

679
00:30:59,700 --> 00:31:02,850
Nista 'jkun saħansitra aktar uptight
Minbarra dan meta niġu

680
00:31:02,850 --> 00:31:04,150
biex tispeċifika dawn in-numri?

681
00:31:04,150 --> 00:31:07,342
X'aktar jista I tpoġġi fuq il-
pakkett li ftit forsi huwa utli?

682
00:31:07,342 --> 00:31:08,580
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible].

683
00:31:08,580 --> 00:31:08,920
>> DAVID J. Malan: X'hemm li?

684
00:31:08,920 --> 00:31:10,636
>> UDJENZA: In-numru ta 'totali
pakketti li għandek.

685
00:31:10,636 --> 00:31:12,270
>> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, in-numru totali.

686
00:31:12,270 --> 00:31:15,514
Inħoss bħal jien ma jinqabad bħala
ħafna informazzjoni disponibbli kif jien.

687
00:31:15,514 --> 00:31:17,180
Allura, inti taf, jien probabbilment għandha tagħmel dan.

688
00:31:17,180 --> 00:31:22,660
Allura 1 minn 4, 2 minn
4, 3 minn 4, 4 minn 4.

689
00:31:22,660 --> 00:31:23,840
>> U issa, għaliex huwa li?

690
00:31:23,840 --> 00:31:27,530
X'hemm-intuwizzjoni wara jotting wkoll
l-għadd totali ta 'pakketti

691
00:31:27,530 --> 00:31:29,380
Jien wasalt biex tibgħat?

692
00:31:29,380 --> 00:31:31,130
UDJENZA: Sir taf jekk
xi ħaġa nieqes.

693
00:31:31,130 --> 00:31:32,129
DAVID J. Malan: Eżattament.

694
00:31:32,129 --> 00:31:34,100
Allura TCP tiggwida dan l.

695
00:31:34,100 --> 00:31:36,450
Hija tuża xi ħaġa imsejħa
Numru ta 'sekwenza, simili ħafna

696
00:31:36,450 --> 00:31:38,730
fl-ispirtu li dak li aħna qed tpinġija hawn.

697
00:31:38,730 --> 00:31:42,381
Iżda jeħtieġ li tkun taf kif ħafna pakketti,
jew pakketti, hemm qed suppost tkun.

698
00:31:42,381 --> 00:31:44,130
Għax inkella, kif
do you know jekk meta

699
00:31:44,130 --> 00:31:46,870
ikollok 1, 2, u 3 għandhom
kien hemm l-4?

700
00:31:46,870 --> 00:31:50,950
>> Tista 'tiddeduċi jekk ikollok
1, 2, u 4, stenna minuta.

701
00:31:50,950 --> 00:31:52,700
Hemm probabbilment kien numru 3.

702
00:31:52,700 --> 00:31:55,020
U fil-fatt, li l-
eqreb lejn kif TCP xogħlijiet.

703
00:31:55,020 --> 00:31:58,240
Iżda għall-għanijiet tagħna issa, ejja biss ikunu
super preċiżi u jgħidu li dan huwa 1 minn 4,

704
00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:01,690
2 ta '4, 3 ta' 4, 4 minn 4 sabiex inkunu
jafu fl-aħħar tal-proċess,

705
00:32:01,690 --> 00:32:05,750
-aħħar tal-handshake jekk inti se,
jekk il-ħaġa sħiħa hija attwalment kompluta.

706
00:32:05,750 --> 00:32:09,220
>> Issa, jirriżulta TCP
ma ħaġa waħda oħra.

707
00:32:09,220 --> 00:32:14,520
TCP tippermetti wkoll kompjuter
li jipprovdu servizzi multipli.

708
00:32:14,520 --> 00:32:19,050
U mis-servizzi I jfisser web,
email, chats, voice over IP.

709
00:32:19,050 --> 00:32:22,500
Hemm għenieqed ta 'affarijiet differenti l
-internet u s-servers fuq l-internet

710
00:32:22,500 --> 00:32:23,570
jista 'jagħmel dawn il-jiem.

711
00:32:23,570 --> 00:32:28,699
>> Allura per eżempju, biss jaħsbu
ipotetikament, jekk jien idejn dan Arwa,

712
00:32:28,699 --> 00:32:31,240
kif tkun taf x'inhu għaddej li
jkun ġewwa ta 'dawn pakketti?

713
00:32:31,240 --> 00:32:33,130
Huwa ser tkun
jitlob għal paġna web?

714
00:32:33,130 --> 00:32:34,090
Huwa email?

715
00:32:34,090 --> 00:32:35,680
Huwa messaġġ instant?

716
00:32:35,680 --> 00:32:37,450
>> Inti ma taf ibbażat
fuq din l-informazzjoni.

717
00:32:37,450 --> 00:32:41,730
Kulma għandek tkun taf min huwa minn, li
huwa għal, u liema numru ta 'envelopp

718
00:32:41,730 --> 00:32:42,230
dan huwa.

719
00:32:42,230 --> 00:32:43,965
Allura għandna bżonn wieħed aktar
biċċa informazzjoni.

720
00:32:43,965 --> 00:32:45,840
U aħna qed jitkellem dwar
il-web fil-kawża preżenti,

721
00:32:45,840 --> 00:32:47,090
sempliċement għaliex dan huwa stampi tal-qtates.

722
00:32:47,090 --> 00:32:48,320
Iżda dan jista 'jvarja.

723
00:32:48,320 --> 00:32:50,440
>> So I tista 'tikteb web fuqha.

724
00:32:50,440 --> 00:32:53,950
Jew aktar kif suppost, jiena
tista 'tikteb HTTP, li

725
00:32:53,950 --> 00:32:58,250
huwa l-protokoll użat mill-web
browsers u s-servers li jikkomunikaw.

726
00:32:58,250 --> 00:32:59,560
Aktar dwar dan fil-mument.

727
00:32:59,560 --> 00:33:02,480
Imma jien ser tkun saħansitra iktar
minn dak orjentati lejn il-kompjuter.

728
00:33:02,480 --> 00:33:06,510
>> Jirriżulta li l-bnedmin,
xi żmien ilu, iddeċieda

729
00:33:06,510 --> 00:33:10,090
li tassenja numri uniċi għal
servizzi tal-internet popolari.

730
00:33:10,090 --> 00:33:15,020
HTTP jiġri li jintuża n-numru
80, jew kif Ser naraw, 443.

731
00:33:15,020 --> 00:33:17,770
Iżda 80 huwa multa għal issa.

732
00:33:17,770 --> 00:33:22,530
>> SMTP, li huwa mod fancy
ta 'tgħid l-email ħerġin.

733
00:33:22,530 --> 00:33:24,910
Dan huwa Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.

734
00:33:24,910 --> 00:33:27,810
Biss is-sett ta 'konvenzjonijiet li
jirregola kif il-kompjuters ibgħat email

735
00:33:27,810 --> 00:33:29,200
minn kompjuter għal ieħor.

736
00:33:29,200 --> 00:33:33,430
Jiġri li jużaw in-numru 25.

737
00:33:33,430 --> 00:33:37,710
>> FTP, li magħhom xi wħud minnkom tista
ikun familjari, dak ma FTP do?

738
00:33:37,710 --> 00:33:39,001
>> UDJENZA: File trasferiment.

739
00:33:39,001 --> 00:33:42,000
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, File Transfer
Protokoll m'għandux jintuża aktar.

740
00:33:42,000 --> 00:33:44,082
Jekk il-kumpanija tiegħek xorta
juża dan, int probabilment

741
00:33:44,082 --> 00:33:46,040
jużawha mingħajr kodifikazzjoni,
li jfisser li inti stajt

742
00:33:46,040 --> 00:33:49,140
qed jittrasmettu username u password
madwar l-internet kollu ta 'dan iż-żmien.

743
00:33:49,140 --> 00:33:50,223
Probabbilment ma jużawhiex.

744
00:33:50,223 --> 00:33:51,890
Minħabba jeżistu verżjonijiet siguri.

745
00:33:51,890 --> 00:33:53,820
Hija tuża port 21.

746
00:33:53,820 --> 00:33:56,762
U hemm għenieqed ta
Eżempji oħra bħal dan.

747
00:33:56,762 --> 00:33:58,470
Allura fi kliem ieħor,
bnedmin, xi żmien ilu,

748
00:33:58,470 --> 00:34:01,820
iddeċieda li, ħej, ejja biss
jassenjaw numri lil dawn is-servizzi kollha

749
00:34:01,820 --> 00:34:03,280
li jżomm kollox sbieħ u imbarazz.

750
00:34:03,280 --> 00:34:05,571
Imma dak li verament ifisser,
anke jekk dan l-envelop ta

751
00:34:05,571 --> 00:34:09,530
tibda tfittex għal arcane ftit,
I tista 'issa tpoġġi fuq it-tmiem ta' dan,

752
00:34:09,530 --> 00:34:11,989
per eżempju, kolon 80.

753
00:34:11,989 --> 00:34:13,780
U jien biss ser
użu kolon hawn biss

754
00:34:13,780 --> 00:34:16,969
minħabba li konvenzjoni tal-kompjuter.

755
00:34:16,969 --> 00:34:21,440
Jien ser iżid kolon 80
sa l-aħħar ta 'l-indirizz

756
00:34:21,440 --> 00:34:27,260
biss biex arcanely jaqbdu l-fatt li
dan huwa destinat għall 5.6.7.8 port 80.

757
00:34:27,260 --> 00:34:31,610
Allura issa, meta I jagħtiha lill Arwa, jekk wieħed jassumi
hi qed taħdem server posta elettronika, web

758
00:34:31,610 --> 00:34:33,864
servers, instant
Messaġġ server, hi issa

759
00:34:33,864 --> 00:34:37,301
jaf li meta tara n-numru 80,
oh, dan għandu imorru fis dan barmil.

760
00:34:37,301 --> 00:34:38,800
Jew dan għandu imorru fis dan mailbox.

761
00:34:38,800 --> 00:34:41,380
Jew dan għandu jkun mogħtija
off biex dan is-servizz li l-

762
00:34:41,380 --> 00:34:43,659
taħdem fuq is-server partikolari tagħha.

763
00:34:43,659 --> 00:34:45,650
>> Allura issa, l-aħħar biċċa
ta 'dan, dan huwa l-qattus.

764
00:34:45,650 --> 00:34:47,250
U għaliex għandi erba pakketti?

765
00:34:47,250 --> 00:34:51,810
Ukoll, waħda mill-karatteristiċi offruti
billi PI, minbarra li tindirizza,

766
00:34:51,810 --> 00:34:54,179
huwa wkoll il-ħila
li jifframmentaw talbiet.

767
00:34:54,179 --> 00:34:55,830
>> Dan huwa qattus pretty big.

768
00:34:55,830 --> 00:35:02,910
U fil-fatt, għall-effiċjenza u għall-
timmassimizza throughput, biex ngħidu hekk,

769
00:35:02,910 --> 00:35:07,110
dak frammentazzjoni hija tajba għall
qed tieħu fajls kbar bħal dan

770
00:35:07,110 --> 00:35:11,070
u dmugħ up fis
biċċiet iżgħar għall frammenti,

771
00:35:11,070 --> 00:35:14,240
aħna ser ngħidu f'dan il-każ,
il-rasu ta 'liema

772
00:35:14,240 --> 00:35:17,800
huwa li sempliċiment għaliex wieħed
persuna tkun monopolizzanti

773
00:35:17,800 --> 00:35:20,480
network tiegħek permezz ta 'downloading
verament video files kbar,

774
00:35:20,480 --> 00:35:24,110
dawk il-fajls video għadhom għaddejjin biex
jiġu mqatta f'biċċiet super żgħar

775
00:35:24,110 --> 00:35:26,950
u trażmessa wieħed jew aktar fi żmien.

776
00:35:26,950 --> 00:35:29,750
Allura li ftit ta 'lili
bil qattus tiegħi, jew email tiegħi,

777
00:35:29,750 --> 00:35:32,900
jew messaġġ instant tiegħi, jew xi ħaġa
aktar importanti minn kwalunkwe minn dawk l-affarijiet

778
00:35:32,900 --> 00:35:37,604
jista 'jkollhom ukoll l-opportunità li jmorru
barra mill-kompjuter tiegħek jew dar tiegħek

779
00:35:37,604 --> 00:35:38,770
għall-bqija tal-internet.

780
00:35:38,770 --> 00:35:40,100
>> U huwa f'idejn l-
softwer u l-routers

781
00:35:40,100 --> 00:35:41,970
biex jiddeċiedu kif tibgħat dawn l-affarijiet out.

782
00:35:41,970 --> 00:35:44,370
Iżda eventwalment, dawn kollha se
insir destinazzjonijiet tagħhom.

783
00:35:44,370 --> 00:35:49,950
Bħala twarrib, jekk inti stajt qatt ħsibt
dwar il-ħruġ ta ', jew taqra dwar,

784
00:35:49,950 --> 00:35:52,162
il-kwistjoni tan-newtralità netta?

785
00:35:52,162 --> 00:35:55,120
newtralità tan-net, dan kien Vogue
għal żmien pjuttost twil, f'dan il-pajjiż,

786
00:35:55,120 --> 00:35:58,970
fejn politikament dan
saret kwistjoni hotbed.

787
00:35:58,970 --> 00:36:02,930
Minħabba li xi kumpaniji, per eżempju,
riedu li tingħata prijorità ċertu traffiku

788
00:36:02,930 --> 00:36:03,870
fuq oħrajn.

789
00:36:03,870 --> 00:36:06,610
Per eżempju, nies
kienu inkwetati li forsi

790
00:36:06,610 --> 00:36:12,160
Microsoft ma Skype, jew Google ma
Hangouts, jew forsi Netflix mal videos

791
00:36:12,160 --> 00:36:15,840
kieku, forsi, ikunu lesti
li jħallas Comcast, jew Verizon,

792
00:36:15,840 --> 00:36:19,567
jew li jaf, anke l-gvern aktar
flus biex jipprijoritizzaw it-traffiku tagħhom.

793
00:36:19,567 --> 00:36:21,650
Issa, dak ma li attwalment
jfisser teknoloġikament?

794
00:36:21,650 --> 00:36:25,980
Li jista 'jfisser li l-ISP,
meta tara xi indirizzi IP,

795
00:36:25,980 --> 00:36:28,500
jista 'jagħti dawn il-pakketti,
tali envelops, il-prijorità.

796
00:36:28,500 --> 00:36:32,960
Meta tara ċerti numri tal-port, tista
jagħtu dawk pakketti prijorità u, imbagħad,

797
00:36:32,960 --> 00:36:35,840
tnikkirx tiegħi e-mail, jew
tnikkirx servizz tiegħi.

798
00:36:35,840 --> 00:36:42,780
U huwa verament biss jeħodna għall
prijoritizzazzjoni jew il-kwalità tas-servizz

799
00:36:42,780 --> 00:36:44,647
għal dawn is-servizzi varji differenti.

800
00:36:44,647 --> 00:36:46,980
Allura u li l-mod kif ikun
jsir fuq livell tekniku.

801
00:36:46,980 --> 00:36:49,021
>> Allura fi kwalunkwe każ, aħna issa
jkollhom dawn l-erba pakketti.

802
00:36:49,021 --> 00:36:54,000
Jien ser tpoġġi kwart ta '
il-qattus f'dan il-pakkett, wieħed

803
00:36:54,000 --> 00:37:02,370
kwart tal-qattus f'dan il-pakkett,
kwart f'dan il-pakkett.

804
00:37:02,370 --> 00:37:10,440
U issa, ejja ngħidu li l-għan tiegħi huwa li
tibgħat dawn, ejja ngħidu, li Jeffery.

805
00:37:10,440 --> 00:37:13,890
Recall li biss bħall-
stampa up here jissuġġerixxi,

806
00:37:13,890 --> 00:37:16,270
dawn mhux kollha neċessarjament
għandhom jieħdu l-istess rotta.

807
00:37:16,270 --> 00:37:20,467
>> Mela jekk jien is-server cats.com,
Jien iwieġeb għat-talba Jeffery tal

808
00:37:20,467 --> 00:37:21,050
f'din l-istorja.

809
00:37:21,050 --> 00:37:22,510
Jien ser jgħaddu darba hawn.

810
00:37:22,510 --> 00:37:24,250
Huma probabbilment tibda
fl-istess post.

811
00:37:24,250 --> 00:37:26,980
Mela Arwa, jekk inti tixtieq li tiddeċiedi
lil min rotta dan li jmiss,

812
00:37:26,980 --> 00:37:28,690
inti tista 'tmur quddiem u jibgħatu dan il-mod.

813
00:37:28,690 --> 00:37:31,120
U ma jibagħtuha lill-
istess router kull darba.

814
00:37:31,120 --> 00:37:31,640
>> [Chuckling]

815
00:37:31,640 --> 00:37:33,139
>> Allura Dan l jkollna ftit b'konġestjoni.

816
00:37:33,139 --> 00:37:36,342

817
00:37:36,342 --> 00:37:37,920
Hemm inti tmur.

818
00:37:37,920 --> 00:37:39,670
Kull dritt.

819
00:37:39,670 --> 00:37:41,837
U għalhekk dawk jeħtieġu li jagħmlu
mod tagħhom madwar il-kamra.

820
00:37:41,837 --> 00:37:44,378
U għal darb'oħra, inti bħala router
Ġeneralment jafu Jeffery li mod.

821
00:37:44,378 --> 00:37:45,840
Hekk biss iżommu jibgħat dan il-mod.

822
00:37:45,840 --> 00:37:53,170

823
00:37:53,170 --> 00:37:55,340
U issa, ejja ngħidu Dan
ma pjuttost tagħmel dan.

824
00:37:55,340 --> 00:37:59,290
U għalhekk dan packet ltqajna niżel matul il-
mod, jekk I jistgħu steal li bogħod minnek

825
00:37:59,290 --> 00:38:00,193
b'qawwa, sorry.

826
00:38:00,193 --> 00:38:06,150

827
00:38:06,150 --> 00:38:06,760
>> Sbieħ ħafna.

828
00:38:06,760 --> 00:38:09,119
Mhuwiex neċessarjament il
aktar rotta ġeografika diretta.

829
00:38:09,119 --> 00:38:10,410
Still tipprova tikseb l Jeffery.

830
00:38:10,410 --> 00:38:11,959
U kompluta.

831
00:38:11,959 --> 00:38:13,000
Issa, dan kien intenzjonat.

832
00:38:13,000 --> 00:38:14,875
I ma jfissirx li tolqot
naħa tiegħek meta I ma kien.

833
00:38:14,875 --> 00:38:17,720
Iżda pakkett 4 minn 4 ma
jintilfu jew skartata.

834
00:38:17,720 --> 00:38:20,550
U forsi dan ġara minħabba
kien hemm żball hardware.

835
00:38:20,550 --> 00:38:23,864
Forsi dan għaliex Dan ltqajna
mgħobbijin jew Andrew ltqajna mgħobbijin.

836
00:38:23,864 --> 00:38:24,530
Iżda ġara.

837
00:38:24,530 --> 00:38:26,488
Mela jekk, Jefferey, youd
jixtieq reassemble dik.

838
00:38:26,488 --> 00:38:29,700
Dak stampa għandek
quddiem tal inti dritt issa?

839
00:38:29,700 --> 00:38:32,144
Jekk inti tixtieq li tieħu l-
Messaġġi li jsiru mill-pakketti.

840
00:38:32,144 --> 00:38:33,840
>> UDJENZA: 1, 2, 3.

841
00:38:33,840 --> 00:38:37,570
>> DAVID J. Malan: OK, imorru quddiem u tiftaħ
minnhom u jieħdu l-biċċiet ta 'qattus barra.

842
00:38:37,570 --> 00:38:39,390
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible].

843
00:38:39,390 --> 00:38:42,360
>> DAVID J. Malan: Kull dritt, hekk
aħna għandna l-quċċata xellug tal-qtates,

844
00:38:42,360 --> 00:38:47,760
-dritt tal-qiegħ, u l-qiegħ tax-xellug.

845
00:38:47,760 --> 00:38:49,910
Allura aħna qed jitilfu l
kantuniera ta 'l-qattus.

846
00:38:49,910 --> 00:38:53,770
Allura TCP, għal darb'oħra, hija din
protokoll li kicks fil hawn.

847
00:38:53,770 --> 00:38:59,190
Allura Jeffery, malli tirċievi 1, u
2, u 3 ta '4, f'dan ix-xenarju,

848
00:38:59,190 --> 00:39:03,370
b'xi jibgħat messaġġ
lura lili, permezz xi route--

849
00:39:03,370 --> 00:39:05,840
jista 'jkun kull numru ta'
ħops differenti here-- li tgħid,

850
00:39:05,840 --> 00:39:06,798
ħej, iżda stenna minuta.

851
00:39:06,798 --> 00:39:08,670
Resend 4 minn 4.

852
00:39:08,670 --> 00:39:12,480
>> U hekk dak irrid immur u jagħmlu
is-- dan kollu ta 'data elettronika.

853
00:39:12,480 --> 00:39:15,740
So I jistgħu faċilment kopja l-qattus
ġewwa ta 'RAM tiegħi stess jew memorja.

854
00:39:15,740 --> 00:39:17,950
I jistgħu joħorġu bil ieħor
pakkett, tpoġġi ieħor kopja

855
00:39:17,950 --> 00:39:19,640
ta 'ftit din il framment għall-effiċjenza.

856
00:39:19,640 --> 00:39:21,181
I ma jkollhomx biex jerġgħu-qattus kollu.

857
00:39:21,181 --> 00:39:23,500
I tista 'tpoġġi dan fil-ġdida
envelop, tibgħat dan kollu madwar.

858
00:39:23,500 --> 00:39:26,290
U xi numru ta 'millisekondi
aktar tard, Jeffrey, wieħed jittama,

859
00:39:26,290 --> 00:39:28,640
għandha l-intier tal-pakkett.

860
00:39:28,640 --> 00:39:30,860
Allura huwa ħa ftit
ħin li tgħid din l-istorja.

861
00:39:30,860 --> 00:39:32,610
U li mhux irraġonevoli.

862
00:39:32,610 --> 00:39:35,150
>> Minħabba li hemm ħafna ta '
kumplessità għaddejjin hawn.

863
00:39:35,150 --> 00:39:36,530
Dawn il-protokolli huma mhumiex sempliċi.

864
00:39:36,530 --> 00:39:39,040
Imma jekk inti tixtieq li tiggarantixxi
kunsinna b'dan il-mod,

865
00:39:39,040 --> 00:39:42,540
ikollok bżonn li jkollhom dawk il-miżuri addizzjonali,
li l-metadata żejda, jekk inti se.

866
00:39:42,540 --> 00:39:45,230
>> U biss li toss terminu out
hemm, id-data li we care about

867
00:39:45,230 --> 00:39:46,860
huwa bħall-qattus ġewwa l-pakkett.

868
00:39:46,860 --> 00:39:50,227
Metadata, li hija data li l-
bżonnjuż imma mhux dak I attwalment

869
00:39:50,227 --> 00:39:52,310
kura dwar fl-aħħar tal
il-ġurnata, huwa l-għalf

870
00:39:52,310 --> 00:39:54,184
I kiteb fuq il-
barra tal-envelope--

871
00:39:54,184 --> 00:39:57,850
-indirizz, id-destinazzjoni, il-
numru tal-port, in-numri sekwenza.

872
00:39:57,850 --> 00:39:58,850
Kollha ta 'dan huwa metadata.

873
00:39:58,850 --> 00:39:59,560
Huwa utli.

874
00:39:59,560 --> 00:40:02,591
Imma din mhix dak I finalment
trid mill-din it-tranżazzjoni kollha kemm hi.

875
00:40:02,591 --> 00:40:04,840
Issa, dan jidher pjuttost
konvinċenti li x'ikun,

876
00:40:04,840 --> 00:40:07,310
Jeffrey se tikseb kopja
ta 'dak qattus, jekk wieħed jassumi aħna

877
00:40:07,310 --> 00:40:10,160
għandhom konnessjoni fiżika
lilu fl-aħħar tal-ġurnata.

878
00:40:10,160 --> 00:40:12,680
Iżda hemm ċerti
tipi ta 'applikazzjonijiet

879
00:40:12,680 --> 00:40:16,980
fejn tiggarantixxi kunsinna
Ikun disinn ħażin

880
00:40:16,980 --> 00:40:21,424
deċiżjoni u fattur mhux mixtieqa?

881
00:40:21,424 --> 00:40:24,270

882
00:40:24,270 --> 00:40:27,280
Do inti dejjem tixtieq li terġa 'titrażmetti lura
bħal I propost biss issa?

883
00:40:27,280 --> 00:40:31,935

884
00:40:31,935 --> 00:40:33,740
>> UDJENZA: Pay għal dan, I raden.

885
00:40:33,740 --> 00:40:36,182
>> DAVID J. Malan: Jekk inti
paga, dak li jista inti jfisser?

886
00:40:36,182 --> 00:40:38,070
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible].

887
00:40:38,070 --> 00:40:40,270
>> DAVID J. Malan: Oh, OK, mistoqsija tajba.

888
00:40:40,270 --> 00:40:42,620
Jista ikollok doppja imposta
jekk huwa simili iċċekkjar

889
00:40:42,620 --> 00:40:44,700
ta Amazon jew xi ħaġa?

890
00:40:44,700 --> 00:40:46,090
Tweġiba fil-qosor, l-ebda.

891
00:40:46,090 --> 00:40:50,410
Għaliex f'dak dawn il-frammenti
huma, biex ngħidu hekk, fuq livell aktar baxx.

892
00:40:50,410 --> 00:40:53,910
U jeħtieġ li jiġu assemblati mill-ġdid
qabel ma inti tista 'attwalment tkun imposta.

893
00:40:53,910 --> 00:40:56,046
Allura riflessjoni tajba imma mhux
tħassib f'dan il-każ.

894
00:40:56,046 --> 00:41:01,930

895
00:41:01,930 --> 00:41:03,150
>> Ejja raġuni lura.

896
00:41:03,150 --> 00:41:06,484
Allura retransmitting meħtieġa
aktar sforz ftit.

897
00:41:06,484 --> 00:41:07,900
Li ma jħossu bħal jittrattaw enormi.

898
00:41:07,900 --> 00:41:10,370
Iżda dan ma jeħtieġu aktar żmien ftit.

899
00:41:10,370 --> 00:41:13,030
>> Minħabba li issa, Jeffrey għandha
stenna ftit millisekondi aktar

900
00:41:13,030 --> 00:41:16,340
biex tikseb dik raba biċċa ta 'data għal darb'oħra.

901
00:41:16,340 --> 00:41:18,256
blip minuri, iżda
se jrattab affarijiet isfel.

902
00:41:18,256 --> 00:41:19,880
U forsi super tal-internet iffullar.

903
00:41:19,880 --> 00:41:22,760
>> U forsi Andrew jżomm
twaqqa pakketti fuq l-art.

904
00:41:22,760 --> 00:41:25,360
Allura dan id-dewmien jibdew jakkumulaw.

905
00:41:25,360 --> 00:41:29,320
Allura wara filwaqt li, f'dan il-qattus ma
jieħdu 74 millisekondi biex naslu s'hemm.

906
00:41:29,320 --> 00:41:31,390
Huwa jieħu 1.5 sekondi.

907
00:41:31,390 --> 00:41:35,100
>> U forsi l-istampa li jmiss ta 'qattus
jieħu nofs it-tieni, żewġ sekondi.

908
00:41:35,100 --> 00:41:37,850
Fi kliem ieħor, qed nagħtu bidu
bogging affarijiet isfel.

909
00:41:37,850 --> 00:41:42,380
Liema applikazzjonijiet jista 'jkun
annoying art mtajna stabbiliti b'dan il-mod?

910
00:41:42,380 --> 00:41:43,790
>> UDJENZA: Video flussi jew il-leħen.

911
00:41:43,790 --> 00:41:47,110
>> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, hekk dak li jekk
qed jaraw logħba tal-baseball online,

912
00:41:47,110 --> 00:41:51,760
jew dak jekk int Skyping
ma 'xi ħadd, jew FaceTime,

913
00:41:51,760 --> 00:41:56,060
speċjalment fil-każ ta 'vidjow
konferenzi, tip ta 'mhux aċċettabbli,

914
00:41:56,060 --> 00:42:01,260
f'xi punt, li tibda smigħ
rispons uman tiegħek tieni tard.

915
00:42:01,260 --> 00:42:05,160
Ma Ikun aħjar għal ftit
leave li pakkett fuq l-art,

916
00:42:05,160 --> 00:42:09,230
juru biss 3/4 tal-qattus, jew
F'dan il-każ, l-konferenzi bil-vidjo,

917
00:42:09,230 --> 00:42:13,030
juru 04/03 tal-wiċċ tiegħi mal tiegħi
ħalq jiċċaqalqu kif jien jitkellem,

918
00:42:13,030 --> 00:42:16,097
u biss let l-awdjo, fi
inqas, jgħaddu, per eżempju.

919
00:42:16,097 --> 00:42:17,930
Allura hemm dan il-kunċett
kwalità tas-servizz

920
00:42:17,930 --> 00:42:20,010
hawn, b'mod iktar ġenerali,
fejn inti taf liema,

921
00:42:20,010 --> 00:42:23,210
għall applications-- jekk fil-ħin reali
huwa streaming avveniment sportiv

922
00:42:23,210 --> 00:42:26,490
jew video streaming conferencing--
forsi inti m'għandekx bżonn kollha tal-bits.

923
00:42:26,490 --> 00:42:29,140
U forsi huwa attwalment aħjar
għal ftit gidma ilsien tiegħek

924
00:42:29,140 --> 00:42:33,630
u biss iżommu ħrit quddiem ma '
dejta aktar u aktar, qatt tħares lura.

925
00:42:33,630 --> 00:42:36,620
Minħabba li l-bniedem se figura
dan jitwettaq fil-memorja tiegħu jew tagħha stess

926
00:42:36,620 --> 00:42:37,730
dak li attwalment qbiżt.

927
00:42:37,730 --> 00:42:40,911
>> U jkun aktar
tedjanti biex jitnaqqas, buffer.

928
00:42:40,911 --> 00:42:41,410
Dritt?

929
00:42:41,410 --> 00:42:44,110
Hemm dan ħaġa, ma
li aħna qed kollha familjari,

930
00:42:44,110 --> 00:42:51,140
fejn I biss jibda jitkellem filwaqt li jkunu,
li jinsab biss annoying li attwalment ikollhom

931
00:42:51,140 --> 00:42:52,540
li, tistenna għalija biex ilaħħqu.

932
00:42:52,540 --> 00:42:55,210
>> Forsi huwa aħjar jekk inti biss
miss ftit sekondi ta 'dak li ngħid jien.

933
00:42:55,210 --> 00:42:56,587
Imma mbagħad, niġu lura qawwija.

934
00:42:56,587 --> 00:42:57,920
Allura huwa ġdid, huwa ta 'kompromess.

935
00:42:57,920 --> 00:43:03,300
U fil-fatt, il-protokoll li jippermetti
inti tagħmel dan ma jkunx TCP,

936
00:43:03,300 --> 00:43:09,290
imma xi ħaġa imsejħa UDP, li hija
sempliċement protokoll differenti użati

937
00:43:09,290 --> 00:43:12,690
kultant għal dawk kuntesti.

938
00:43:12,690 --> 00:43:13,440
Yeah, mistoqsija.

939
00:43:13,440 --> 00:43:21,990
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible] ċerta
[Inaudible] protokoll bil-mod [inaudible]?

940
00:43:21,990 --> 00:43:24,949
>> DAVID J. Malan: Sabiex jieqaf
bil-mod f'liema sens?

941
00:43:24,949 --> 00:43:28,200
>> UDJENZA: Irrid li jibgħat tiegħi
data malajr kemm jista 'jkun.

942
00:43:28,200 --> 00:43:29,200
>> DAVID J. Malan: OK.

943
00:43:29,200 --> 00:43:32,700
>> UDJENZA: Jekk xi ħadd
ma tridx [inaudible]

944
00:43:32,700 --> 00:43:36,940
jittrasferixxi biex tieqaf [inaudible].

945
00:43:36,940 --> 00:43:41,490
>> DAVID J. Malan: Oh, inti assolutament
jistgħu jinterferixxu ma 'kwalunkwe minn din id-data.

946
00:43:41,490 --> 00:43:44,810
Per eżempju, bejn kull wieħed
il-ħops, bejn punt A u B,

947
00:43:44,810 --> 00:43:49,140
kollha ta 'dawn ħops hawn jistgħu jiddeċiedu
biss biex blacklist data UDP kollha.

948
00:43:49,140 --> 00:43:50,210
Huma jistgħu biss tieqaf.

949
00:43:50,210 --> 00:43:52,924
Huma jistgħu kopja jafu li
din hija data video li huma

950
00:43:52,924 --> 00:43:53,840
tista 'tixtieq li tħares lejn.

951
00:43:53,840 --> 00:43:58,770
Allura fil-qosor, xi ħadd b'aċċess għal
l-konnettività mingħajr fili jew fili

952
00:43:58,770 --> 00:44:01,660
bejn żewġ punti tista
assolutament iwaqqafha jekk huma jixtiequ.

953
00:44:01,660 --> 00:44:03,570
>> U fil-fatt, anki fil
routers dar tagħna, li

954
00:44:03,570 --> 00:44:05,540
hija l-istorja aħna ser
terga 'lura għal issa, tista

955
00:44:05,540 --> 00:44:08,890
settings fejn inti tista 'tippermetti jew
jiskonnettja ċerti servizzi jekk huwa

956
00:44:08,890 --> 00:44:11,190
għal raġunijiet ġenituri,
jew biss ma tridx

957
00:44:11,190 --> 00:44:16,890
gidjien tiegħek biex watch videos online,
jew għal raġunijiet korporattiva kif ukoll.

958
00:44:16,890 --> 00:44:18,970
Allura fil-fatt, ejja jitrażżan affarijiet lura fil.

959
00:44:18,970 --> 00:44:21,580
>> Minħabba li konna permessi
nfusna biex tfittex, issa,

960
00:44:21,580 --> 00:44:24,230
fil-livelli kollha tas-servers
ġewwa tal-internet hawn.

961
00:44:24,230 --> 00:44:27,720
Iżda jekk, fl-aħħar tal-ġurnata,
Jien biss tipprova tikseb Amażonja,

962
00:44:27,720 --> 00:44:31,060
dak li huwa li d-dar ftit
router attwalment tagħmel għalija?

963
00:44:31,060 --> 00:44:36,310
Ukoll, jirriżulta li l-router dar,
li aħna deskritt qabel, li l-

964
00:44:36,310 --> 00:44:42,720
kollha tiġbed kbir sproporzjonat hawn,
għandha mazz sħiħ ta 'servizzi mibnija.

965
00:44:42,720 --> 00:44:46,650
>> Hija għandha, tipikament, a
DHCP server mibnija.

966
00:44:46,650 --> 00:44:49,400
Hija spiss ikollu punt ta 'aċċess mibnija.

967
00:44:49,400 --> 00:44:52,560
U li spiss minħabba li għandu dawn
antenni, bħal dawn l-affarijiet hawn.

968
00:44:52,560 --> 00:44:55,590
Hija spiss ikollu firewall mibnija.

969
00:44:55,590 --> 00:45:00,900
>> Hija spiss ikollu router, li huwa tagħha
biċċa distint stess ta 'funzjonalità,

970
00:45:00,900 --> 00:45:02,270
mibnija fil.

971
00:45:02,270 --> 00:45:06,530
Huwa jista 'jkollhom xi ħaġa
imsejħa server DNS mibnija,

972
00:45:06,530 --> 00:45:07,931
jekk mhux saħansitra funzjonijiet oħra.

973
00:45:07,931 --> 00:45:10,430
Mela ejja tease apparti biss il-
Koppja ta 'dawk li jifdal hawn.

974
00:45:10,430 --> 00:45:15,030
DHCP, just biex terġa, jagħmel xiex?

975
00:45:15,030 --> 00:45:16,150
>> UDJENZA: Tassenja-PI.

976
00:45:16,150 --> 00:45:16,530
>> DAVID J. Malan: Eżattament.

977
00:45:16,530 --> 00:45:18,196
Tassenja indirizz IP u affarijiet oħra ftit.

978
00:45:18,196 --> 00:45:21,940
Hija se jgħidlek ukoll Mac tiegħi jew
PC dak default router tiegħi huwa

979
00:45:21,940 --> 00:45:24,560
u dettalji oħra ftit,
bħal rajna fuq l-iskrin Mac tiegħi.

980
00:45:24,560 --> 00:45:27,694
punt ta 'aċċess ifisser biss, dawn
ġranet, li jappoġġja Wi-Fi.

981
00:45:27,694 --> 00:45:29,860
U wirelessly se jippermetti
persuni li jgħaqqdu, kemm

982
00:45:29,860 --> 00:45:32,260
bħal kejbil fiżiku mill-imgħoddi.

983
00:45:32,260 --> 00:45:36,380
>> Firewall bejn żewġ binjiet
jew żewġ imħażen fil-bini,

984
00:45:36,380 --> 00:45:39,990
huwa mezz fiżiku
li, idealment, jipprevjeni nar

985
00:45:39,990 --> 00:45:42,440
tinfirex minn
wieħed maħżen għal ieħor.

986
00:45:42,440 --> 00:45:47,480
Fid-dinja virtwali, dan jevita d-data
mill jkollna minn post għall-ieħor.

987
00:45:47,480 --> 00:45:49,740
Allura fil-fatt, jekk tiegħek
netwerk nazzjonali, jew saħansitra

988
00:45:49,740 --> 00:45:52,800
tiegħek korporattiva jew l-università
netwerk, għandhom b'xi

989
00:45:52,800 --> 00:45:59,050
lista sewda, ejja ngħidu,
kull aċċess għal Facebook.com,

990
00:45:59,050 --> 00:46:03,450
u tqisu ħela ta 'ħin, kif
tista università tiegħek, jew dar,

991
00:46:03,450 --> 00:46:07,380
jew kumpanija tagħmel dan fil-
kuntest tal-pakketti bħal dawn?

992
00:46:07,380 --> 00:46:12,190
>> Fi kliem ieħor, jekk il-kompjuters tiegħi
here-- laptop tiegħi u kull other--

993
00:46:12,190 --> 00:46:14,900
huwa b'xi mod tkellem lill-
-internet permezz ta 'dan dar

994
00:46:14,900 --> 00:46:20,460
router, jew din id router korporattiv,
jew dan il router università,

995
00:46:20,460 --> 00:46:25,362
liema informazzjoni se a użu firewall
sabiex twaqqaf it-traffikar milli jimxu minn?

996
00:46:25,362 --> 00:46:27,350
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible].

997
00:46:27,350 --> 00:46:29,740
>> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, hekk jekk
huma jafu li l-web Facebook

998
00:46:29,740 --> 00:46:33,170
servers, fuq l-internet,
għandu l-indirizz IP 5.6.7.8,

999
00:46:33,170 --> 00:46:37,840
huwa trivjali għal amministratur tas-sistema
biex jiġi kkonfigurat firewall, biss jiċħad

1000
00:46:37,840 --> 00:46:40,870
u qatra pakketti kollha
destinati għal dak l-indirizz IP.

1001
00:46:40,870 --> 00:46:44,290
Fir-realtà, Facebook tkun differenti ftit
IPs, forsi għexieren, forsi mijiet.

1002
00:46:44,290 --> 00:46:47,020
Iżda sakemm dawk huma
magħrufa pubblikament, amministratur

1003
00:46:47,020 --> 00:46:48,620
jistgħu attwalment blacklist dawk kollha.

1004
00:46:48,620 --> 00:46:52,505
>> Jew jekk dan mhux possibbli, sempliċement minħabba
Facebook, forsi, għandha wisq IPs

1005
00:46:52,505 --> 00:46:55,440
jew dawn jinbidlu spiss wisq,
ukoll, jirriżulta, kif Ser naraw,

1006
00:46:55,440 --> 00:46:57,440
kwalunkwe ħin li inti tagħmel
jitlob għal paġna web,

1007
00:46:57,440 --> 00:47:00,621
bħal Facebook.com, minflok
jkun hemm qattus fil-pakkett,

1008
00:47:00,621 --> 00:47:01,870
hemm għaddej li jkun aċċenn.

1009
00:47:01,870 --> 00:47:07,780
Oh, dan l-utent irid
Facebook.com/MarkZuckerberg.php

1010
00:47:07,780 --> 00:47:09,360
jew ikun x'ikun l-fajl jista 'jkun.

1011
00:47:09,360 --> 00:47:12,590
>> Allura inti tista 'sempliċement tfittex ġewwa l-pakkett
u ara, oh, dan huwa għall Facebook.

1012
00:47:12,590 --> 00:47:13,650
Jien ser qatra issa.

1013
00:47:13,650 --> 00:47:16,610
Tista 'tfittex ġewwa ta' l-
envelop bħala firewall kif ukoll.

1014
00:47:16,610 --> 00:47:20,560
>> Allura firewall, fil-qosor,
tista 'tħares lejn l-indirizz IP.

1015
00:47:20,560 --> 00:47:22,240
Hija tista 'tħares lejn in-numru tal-port.

1016
00:47:22,240 --> 00:47:26,560
Hija tista 'tħares lejn il-
ġewwa tal-pakkett.

1017
00:47:26,560 --> 00:47:29,360
>> U billi numru tal-port, din il
hija waħda interessanti wisq.

1018
00:47:29,360 --> 00:47:33,410
A firewall, għalhekk, jistgħu jibblokkaw,
jidher, web aċċess kollu, jekk trid,

1019
00:47:33,410 --> 00:47:37,060
biss billi blacklisting xi envelops
li jkollhom in-numru '80 fuqhom,

1020
00:47:37,060 --> 00:47:43,600
jew l-email bl blacklisting port 25,
jew imblukkar FTP, billi jimblokka port 21.

1021
00:47:43,600 --> 00:47:45,250
U l-lista tkompli u fuq.

1022
00:47:45,250 --> 00:47:49,810
>> Bħala twarrib, do kwalunkwe inti tuża
DNS Google server-- 8.8.8.8?

1023
00:47:49,810 --> 00:47:51,420
Does this ħoss familjari?

1024
00:47:51,420 --> 00:47:51,950
Nru?

1025
00:47:51,950 --> 00:47:56,615
>> Allura jinstabx tista 'tikkonfigura tiegħek
kompjuter għall-użu indirizzi tad-dwana.

1026
00:47:56,615 --> 00:47:58,490
U aħna ser terga 'lura għal
dan ftit mument.

1027
00:47:58,490 --> 00:48:01,100
U huwa komuni ħafna għall-kumpaniji
netwerks u netwerks tal-lukandi

1028
00:48:01,100 --> 00:48:03,750
li jimblokka dan it-tip ta
ħaġa, kif aħna ser dalwaqt tara.

1029
00:48:03,750 --> 00:48:06,460
>> Allura l-aħħar ftit ta 'funzjonalità,
allura, hawnhekk hija router u DNS.

1030
00:48:06,460 --> 00:48:08,116
A router, għal darb'oħra, l-idea sempliċi ħafna.

1031
00:48:08,116 --> 00:48:09,990
Hija biss data rotot
xellug, lemin, up, u 'l isfel

1032
00:48:09,990 --> 00:48:12,156
ibbażata fuq il-wajers u l-
konnettività li għandha,

1033
00:48:12,156 --> 00:48:16,470
jekk huwa netwerk żgħir fid-dar
jew wieħed akbar fuq l-internet innifsu.

1034
00:48:16,470 --> 00:48:20,540
Allura DNS hija l-aħħar ta '
l-akronimi kbar hawn.

1035
00:48:20,540 --> 00:48:24,030
>> Xi jfisser server DNS do?

1036
00:48:24,030 --> 00:48:27,338
Huwa funzjonalità utli ħafna
spiss mibnija fis router dar.

1037
00:48:27,338 --> 00:48:31,750

1038
00:48:31,750 --> 00:48:34,350
Ukoll, aħna ma pjuttost
konnessi żewġ tikek hawn.

1039
00:48:34,350 --> 00:48:40,300
Meta I tip barra Amazon.com jew cats.com
fil-browser tiegħi, b'xi mod jew ieħor

1040
00:48:40,300 --> 00:48:43,810
li jispiċċa fuq envelop,
forsi, ma Amazon jew cats.com

1041
00:48:43,810 --> 00:48:47,560
fuq ġewwa tal-pakkett,
kif propost ma Facebook.

1042
00:48:47,560 --> 00:48:51,157
>> Imma dak irid imur fuq il-
barra, li aħna ġew tgħid?

1043
00:48:51,157 --> 00:48:52,240
UDJENZA: Il address-- PI

1044
00:48:52,240 --> 00:48:53,040
DAVID J. Malan: L-indirizz IP.

1045
00:48:53,040 --> 00:48:54,560
UDJENZA: [inaudible]
jismu fl-indirizz IP.

1046
00:48:54,560 --> 00:48:55,560
DAVID J. Malan: Eżattament.

1047
00:48:55,560 --> 00:49:00,090
A server DNS, Isem ta 'Dominju Sistema
servers, huwa għan waħdieni fil-ħajja

1048
00:49:00,090 --> 00:49:04,350
huwa li tittraduċi ismijiet ta 'dominju
indirizzi IP u viċi versa.

1049
00:49:04,350 --> 00:49:08,180
U għalhekk, wisq, inti tista 'taħseb simili
fajl Excel kbar b'żewġ columns--

1050
00:49:08,180 --> 00:49:11,520
ismijiet ta 'domain f'wieħed u
Indirizzi IP fl-ieħor.

1051
00:49:11,520 --> 00:49:13,280
Imma hija fajl partikolarment kbir.

1052
00:49:13,280 --> 00:49:17,490
>> U jirriżulta li meta ndur
fuq Ajruport Extreme tiegħi, jew Linksys tiegħi

1053
00:49:17,490 --> 00:49:20,890
mezz, jew apparat D-Link tiegħi,
jew kwalunkwe għandek fid-dar,

1054
00:49:20,890 --> 00:49:24,170
żgur, dak il-mezz ftit ma
ma jafux dwar, minn qabel,

1055
00:49:24,170 --> 00:49:27,332
kollha indirizzi IP possibbli u kull
ismijiet ta 'dominju possibbli fid-dinja.

1056
00:49:27,332 --> 00:49:28,040
Minħabba li ma jistax.

1057
00:49:28,040 --> 00:49:31,290
Minħabba dak li jekk xi ħadd jixtri domain
isem għada, tqiegħdu fuq l-internet?

1058
00:49:31,290 --> 00:49:33,581
>> Hija d jkun sbieħ jekk dar tiegħek
router xorta jistgħu jkollhom aċċess għaliha.

1059
00:49:33,581 --> 00:49:34,800
U żgur, li tista '.

1060
00:49:34,800 --> 00:49:38,210
Għalhekk jirriżulta li hemm ħaġa waħda
ġerarkija ta 'servers DNS fid-dinja.

1061
00:49:38,210 --> 00:49:39,800
>> router dar tiegħek, tipikament, għandha wieħed.

1062
00:49:39,800 --> 00:49:42,540
Iżda hija biss huwa server DNS caching.

1063
00:49:42,540 --> 00:49:47,020
U mill cache I tfisser C-A-Ċ-H-tip E, fejn
hija biss jaħżen kopji ta 'informazzjoni

1064
00:49:47,020 --> 00:49:48,020
temporanjament.

1065
00:49:48,020 --> 00:49:52,090
Imma jekk ikolli servizz internet
permezz Comcast, jew Verizon, jew KRN,

1066
00:49:52,090 --> 00:49:55,210
bejjiegħa popolari ħafna ma jinstabux lokalment
l-Istati Uniti, jew kwalunkwe kumpanija oħra,

1067
00:49:55,210 --> 00:49:58,500
jew saħansitra Università ta 'Harvard,
Harvard, u Comcast, u Verizon,

1068
00:49:58,500 --> 00:50:01,090
u l-ISP lokali tiegħek kollha
għandhom DNS servers tagħhom stess.

1069
00:50:01,090 --> 00:50:03,080
>> U huma, wkoll, cache informazzjoni.

1070
00:50:03,080 --> 00:50:06,960
Iżda hemm ukoll xi DNS kbir speċjali
servers fid-dinja, mill-inqas 13,

1071
00:50:06,960 --> 00:50:11,420
hekk imsejħa servers għeruq li jafu fejn
l-coms dot huma, u jaf fejn

1072
00:50:11,420 --> 00:50:13,470
l-xbieki dot huma,
u l-dot Orgs,

1073
00:50:13,470 --> 00:50:17,000
u kollha ta 'l-għexieren u għexieren ta'
ogħla livell ieħor dominji dawn il-jiem.

1074
00:50:17,000 --> 00:50:19,010
U hekk hemm dan
sistema ġerarkika sħiħa

1075
00:50:19,010 --> 00:50:26,480
li DNS tali li jekk ma tafx
u sa ogħla tiegħek ma, wieħed jittama,

1076
00:50:26,480 --> 00:50:28,250
ogħla sa l-ogħla tiegħek ikun jaf.

1077
00:50:28,250 --> 00:50:30,449
Minħabba li l-Buck
finalment jieqaf hawn.

1078
00:50:30,449 --> 00:50:32,490
U hekk, kif Ser naraw, meta
inti tixtri isem ta 'dominju,

1079
00:50:32,490 --> 00:50:35,980
int essenzjalment tinforma
waħda minn dawn folks top.

1080
00:50:35,980 --> 00:50:39,450
U l-informazzjoni trickles isfel sa
kollha kompjuters oħra fuq l-internet.

1081
00:50:39,450 --> 00:50:40,550
Iżda hemm periklu hawn.

1082
00:50:40,550 --> 00:50:47,600
>> Ejja ngħidu li Comcast hi f'daqqa waħda tittieħed
f'idejn xi ħadd li ma, Comcast

1083
00:50:47,600 --> 00:50:49,344
trid tpoġġi Facebook fin-negozju.

1084
00:50:49,344 --> 00:50:51,260
Kif ma Comcast tmur dwar
tqegħid Facebook barra

1085
00:50:51,260 --> 00:50:54,490
ta 'negozju għal pjuttost ftit nies?

1086
00:50:54,490 --> 00:50:56,430
Liema ma kkonfigurat
DNS server tagħha li tagħmel?

1087
00:50:56,430 --> 00:51:02,090

1088
00:51:02,090 --> 00:51:02,840
X'taghmel?

1089
00:51:02,840 --> 00:51:03,840
>> UDJENZA: Eżatt jimblokka dan.

1090
00:51:03,840 --> 00:51:04,500
Just jimblokka dan.

1091
00:51:04,500 --> 00:51:05,916
>> DAVID J. Malan: Eżatt blokk, id-dritt?

1092
00:51:05,916 --> 00:51:08,840
Mela jekk jien Comcast, u forsi
Jien il-CEO nontechnical,

1093
00:51:08,840 --> 00:51:12,680
Għandi biss ħabbret digriet, ma
let klijenti tagħna tmur għall Facebook.com.

1094
00:51:12,680 --> 00:51:14,770
Minħabba għal kwalunkwe
raġuni tan-negozju, aħna qed

1095
00:51:14,770 --> 00:51:16,810
ma jirrispettawx nicely magħhom dritt issa.

1096
00:51:16,810 --> 00:51:17,720
>> Ukoll, liema do you do?

1097
00:51:17,720 --> 00:51:19,540
Huwa implimentazzjoni pretty trivjali.

1098
00:51:19,540 --> 00:51:21,640
Inti sempliċiment għandek tistaqsi
xi amministratur tas-sistema

1099
00:51:21,640 --> 00:51:25,770
li tweak-server DNS jiġifieri, jekk
inti tirċievi talbiet għall Facebook.com,

1100
00:51:25,770 --> 00:51:30,746
ma jirrispondux b'indirizz IP, jew
jirrispondu bil 1.2.3.4 one-- fittizji,

1101
00:51:30,746 --> 00:51:31,620
li hija bla sens.

1102
00:51:31,620 --> 00:51:33,340
Minħabba li ma jappartjenix għal Facebook.

1103
00:51:33,340 --> 00:51:35,500
>> U fil-fatt, f'ċerti
pajjiżi ġew magħrufa

1104
00:51:35,500 --> 00:51:38,162
biex jagħmlu dan, fejn jekk
li ħadthom riedu blacklist

1105
00:51:38,162 --> 00:51:40,620
ċerti sites-- dan it-tip ta '
firewall kbira taċ-Ċina, li

1106
00:51:40,620 --> 00:51:42,410
jistgħu jiġu implimentati
kwalunkwe numru ta ways--

1107
00:51:42,410 --> 00:51:45,560
tista 'tagħmel eżattament dan il
biss ibbażat fuq DNS waħdu.

1108
00:51:45,560 --> 00:51:48,680
Mela jekk inti tweak utent tiegħek
server DNS biex jirrispondu biss

1109
00:51:48,680 --> 00:51:54,000
l-ebda jew DNS jew risposti fittizji,
inti tista 'faċilment jimblokka l-aċċess.

1110
00:51:54,000 --> 00:51:57,730
>> Issa, kif allużjoni għall
aktar kmieni, u dan huwa biss

1111
00:51:57,730 --> 00:52:00,630
kif netwerk naive kieku
tagħmel dan, I jistgħu attwalment

1112
00:52:00,630 --> 00:52:03,730
mur fil Mac tiegħi, ikklikkja DNS, li
Avviż issa huwa, wieħed jittama,

1113
00:52:03,730 --> 00:52:04,750
tab familjari ieħor.

1114
00:52:04,750 --> 00:52:09,200
Forsi daqsxejn ilu, inti biss
kien jaf dak it-terminu Wi-Fi fisser.

1115
00:52:09,200 --> 00:52:11,280
Issa, wieħed jittama, nafu
daqsxejn aktar dwar TCP / IP.

1116
00:52:11,280 --> 00:52:12,820
Issa, għandna DNS.

1117
00:52:12,820 --> 00:52:16,400
>> Dawn, jidher, huma l-DNS servers
li Harvard għandha awtomatikament

1118
00:52:16,400 --> 00:52:17,680
assenjati għall-kompjuter tiegħi.

1119
00:52:17,680 --> 00:52:21,130
Meta I qal qabel li DHCP jagħti
me aktar milli sempliċement l-indirizz IP,

1120
00:52:21,130 --> 00:52:22,640
dan jagħti l-indirizz router tiegħi.

1121
00:52:22,640 --> 00:52:26,370
jagħti wkoll me DNS waħda jew aktar
servers li jien suppost għall-użu meta

1122
00:52:26,370 --> 00:52:27,840
hawn fuq in-netwerk Harvard.

1123
00:52:27,840 --> 00:52:31,086
>> I jistgħu attwalment jiskarta din
billi tikklikkja, oh, ma nistax.

1124
00:52:31,086 --> 00:52:32,460
Għaliex jien fuq il-kont mistieden.

1125
00:52:32,460 --> 00:52:36,730
OK, hekk jekk I jistgħu attwalment
fiżikament ikklikkja dan is-sinjal plus,

1126
00:52:36,730 --> 00:52:39,310
I jistgħu tip fi kwalunkwe server DNS irrid.

1127
00:52:39,310 --> 00:52:45,060
>> A waħda popolari għall-użu hija 8.8.8.8,
li Google xtara xi żmien ilu.

1128
00:52:45,060 --> 00:52:50,220
U jekk Mac tiegħi let me, I jistgħu
imbagħad tell Mac tiegħi stess hawn,

1129
00:52:50,220 --> 00:52:51,900
ma jużawx DNS servers Harvard s.

1130
00:52:51,900 --> 00:52:54,610
Użu Google minflok.

1131
00:52:54,610 --> 00:52:58,617
>> Allura dan huwa mod komuni li tiġi evitata
jew wieħed restrizzjonijiet tas-sistema,

1132
00:52:58,617 --> 00:52:59,950
bħal dawk aħna biss deskritta.

1133
00:52:59,950 --> 00:53:03,810
Jekk dawn qed hija implimentata ħażin, inti
tista 'biss tuża server DNS differenti.

1134
00:53:03,810 --> 00:53:07,250
ħafna fil Vogue fuq dar
ISPs, u forsi inti wisq,

1135
00:53:07,250 --> 00:53:09,990
jekk inti stajt qatt sar typo
meta ittajpjar isem ta 'dominju,

1136
00:53:09,990 --> 00:53:12,370
inti għandek biss tikseb żball
messaġġ mill-browser tiegħek.

1137
00:53:12,370 --> 00:53:13,828
Dan huwa dak li qed mfassla biex jagħmlu.

1138
00:53:13,828 --> 00:53:16,080
404 jew, fil-fatt f'dan il-
każ, xi ħaġa differenti,

1139
00:53:16,080 --> 00:53:18,580
inti tista 'tikseb paġna rispons invalidu.

1140
00:53:18,580 --> 00:53:22,620
Iżda xi wħud minnkom, do inti qatt tara
reklami jekk inti tagħmel typo

1141
00:53:22,620 --> 00:53:23,890
u mistype isem ta 'dominju?

1142
00:53:23,890 --> 00:53:27,600
Jekk iva, huwa possibbli, u Comcast
ġiet magħrufa li jagħmlu dan.

1143
00:53:27,600 --> 00:53:33,470
Huma, obnoxiously ħafna, se
lookups jinterċettaw DNS żbaljati.

1144
00:53:33,470 --> 00:53:36,380
>> Jekk għandek tip Facebook.com
iżda li jagħmlu typo,

1145
00:53:36,380 --> 00:53:40,030
dawn ser jirritornaw l-indirizz IP
lilek, mhux Facebook iżda wieħed

1146
00:53:40,030 --> 00:53:42,880
ta 'reklamar Comcast
indirizzi IP servers "

1147
00:53:42,880 --> 00:53:45,540
sabiex inti, allura, f'daqqa waħda
ara ads, u forsi ssuġġeriet

1148
00:53:45,540 --> 00:53:47,250
misspellings, u simili.

1149
00:53:47,250 --> 00:53:50,420
Allura xi nies jistgħu jużaw
Google biex jaħdmu madwar dan.

1150
00:53:50,420 --> 00:53:53,645
Xi kultant huwa komuni ħafna fl
lukandi, u l-ajruporti, u simili

1151
00:53:53,645 --> 00:53:55,960
fejn il-DNS servers huma biss ħżiena.

1152
00:53:55,960 --> 00:53:56,940
Jew dawn qed biss miksura.

1153
00:53:56,940 --> 00:53:58,210
Jew dawn qed ma jiffunzjonawx.

1154
00:53:58,210 --> 00:54:00,710
>> Allura ħafna drabi, jekk jien ma
jkollna konnessjoni tal-internet

1155
00:54:00,710 --> 00:54:03,270
iżda ikona tiegħi jissuġġerixxi I
għandu jkun fuq in-netwerk,

1156
00:54:03,270 --> 00:54:05,706
I ser manwalment bidla tiegħi
DNS server għal ftit Google

1157
00:54:05,706 --> 00:54:06,830
biex tara jekk tibda taħdem.

1158
00:54:06,830 --> 00:54:10,540
U żewġ darbiet minn 10, li
jidher biex isolvu l-problema.

1159
00:54:10,540 --> 00:54:14,320
U l-takeaway hawn mhuwiex daqshekk
kollha dawn iblah ftit xogħol arounds

1160
00:54:14,320 --> 00:54:15,840
iżda għaliex huma attwalment jaħdmu.

1161
00:54:15,840 --> 00:54:19,920
>> Int biss javżak-kompjuter tiegħek biex
kellem lit xi mezz ieħor minflok.

1162
00:54:19,920 --> 00:54:24,100
Allura din id-dar router, li inti tista
ħallsu 0 jew aktar dollari għall

1163
00:54:24,100 --> 00:54:28,560
li jitqiegħdu fid-dar tiegħek, qed tagħmel dak kollu
ta 'din il-funzjonalità u saħansitra aktar

1164
00:54:28,560 --> 00:54:30,300
kollha biss f'din il-kaxxa ftit żgħira.

1165
00:54:30,300 --> 00:54:33,740
Iżda meta aħna jisplodu din il
istorja għall-internet kollu,

1166
00:54:33,740 --> 00:54:36,260
li għandha tendenza li tkun dedikata
servers u kompjuters jagħmlu

1167
00:54:36,260 --> 00:54:38,460
kull waħda minn dawn is-servizzi individwali.

1168
00:54:38,460 --> 00:54:41,201
Iżda djar tagħna huma biss ftit
mikrokożmi ta 'l-istorja kollha.

1169
00:54:41,201 --> 00:54:44,730

1170
00:54:44,730 --> 00:54:45,950
>> Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet?

1171
00:54:45,950 --> 00:54:47,871
Yeah.

1172
00:54:47,871 --> 00:54:48,720
Yeah, Dan?

1173
00:54:48,720 --> 00:54:52,330
>> UDJENZA: Preċedenti, inti tkellem dwar
il-portijiet, il-portijiet speċifiċi,

1174
00:54:52,330 --> 00:54:54,614
imma hija servizzi speċifiċi.

1175
00:54:54,614 --> 00:54:59,476
Allura per eżempju, inti qal jekk I
ma jostakolaw servizz ċerta,

1176
00:54:59,476 --> 00:55:02,248
I say ma log-port?

1177
00:55:02,248 --> 00:55:06,620
Huwa possibbli għal servizz li
Għandha timtela mill-port?

1178
00:55:06,620 --> 00:55:08,410
>> DAVID J. Malan: Assolutament.

1179
00:55:08,410 --> 00:55:10,939
Iva, fil-fatt, inti se
spiss isibu fuq netwerk

1180
00:55:10,939 --> 00:55:13,230
li l-uniċi portijiet li huma
permessi huma, per eżempju,

1181
00:55:13,230 --> 00:55:15,135
port 80 u t-traffiku tal-web 443--.

1182
00:55:15,135 --> 00:55:18,420
Dan huwa komuni ħafna
fil-lukandi jew l-ajruporti

1183
00:55:18,420 --> 00:55:22,317
fejn presumptuously jaħsbu,
eh, 90 plus mija ta 'utenti tagħna

1184
00:55:22,317 --> 00:55:23,650
bżonn biss dawn is-servizzi xorta waħda.

1185
00:55:23,650 --> 00:55:24,970
Ejja jimblokka kollox.

1186
00:55:24,970 --> 00:55:29,590
>> U li tħalli nies bħali out
kesħa, lil xott, mdendla biex jinxef.

1187
00:55:29,590 --> 00:55:34,040
Minħabba I ma jistgħux jaċċessaw ċerti servers
fil-Harvard, li juża l-portijiet differenti.

1188
00:55:34,040 --> 00:55:36,840
I jistgħu, preemptively
qabel ma jitlaq kampus,

1189
00:55:36,840 --> 00:55:40,720
bidla server speċjali tiegħi
għall-użu tal-port 80 jew 443.

1190
00:55:40,720 --> 00:55:44,560
Anki jekk l-umanità ddeċidiet
li għandu jkun għat-traffiku tal-web,

1191
00:55:44,560 --> 00:55:45,666
ma għandhom ikunu.

1192
00:55:45,666 --> 00:55:47,540
I tista 'tibgħat email tiegħi
permezz ta 'dik jew simili.

1193
00:55:47,540 --> 00:55:50,668
>> UDJENZA: Allura li kien tiegħi
tieni domanda għaliha.

1194
00:55:50,668 --> 00:55:52,060
Allura umanità deċiżi.

1195
00:55:52,060 --> 00:55:55,992
Hemm lista ppubblikata x'imkien li
jgħidu li dawn huma l-aħjar prattiki qabel?

1196
00:55:55,992 --> 00:55:56,950
DAVID J. Malan: Tabilħaqq.

1197
00:55:56,950 --> 00:56:04,480
U fil-fatt, jekk immur hawn,
TCP port komuni, here we go.

1198
00:56:04,480 --> 00:56:07,230
Fuq il-Wikipedija nnifisha hija l-ewwel hit.

1199
00:56:07,230 --> 00:56:08,790
Hawn portijiet magħrufa sew.

1200
00:56:08,790 --> 00:56:13,480
>> Allura l-lista, sa essenzjalment
1024, huwa ferm standardizzat,

1201
00:56:13,480 --> 00:56:14,630
u anki xi lil hinn minnha.

1202
00:56:14,630 --> 00:56:16,750
Allura hemm ħafna ta 'servizzi that--

1203
00:56:16,750 --> 00:56:20,220
>> UDJENZA: Mela jekk inti kienu
iżvilupp ta 'servizz, fit-teorija,

1204
00:56:20,220 --> 00:56:24,711
inti għandek tmur hemmhekk u tiddeċiedi
liema port linji għal dak is-servizz?

1205
00:56:24,711 --> 00:56:25,710
DAVID J. Malan: Korretta.

1206
00:56:25,710 --> 00:56:28,330
U jekk inti stajt toħroġ bi ftit
applikazzjoni ġdida, bħal Napster

1207
00:56:28,330 --> 00:56:31,977
lura fil-ġurnata jew simili WhatsApp
aktar modernly, inti ġeneralment,

1208
00:56:31,977 --> 00:56:34,810
jekk int disinjatur tajjeb, inti
tagħti ħarsa lejn lista bħal din

1209
00:56:34,810 --> 00:56:37,580
u tagħmel żgur li int qed jagħżlu
numru li jkun fil-firxa

1210
00:56:37,580 --> 00:56:39,455
li inti għandek tkun
jagħżlu minn, essenzjalment

1211
00:56:39,455 --> 00:56:43,445
numru kbir biżżejjed li
l-ebda wieħed inkella ikun għażel.

1212
00:56:43,445 --> 00:56:45,756
>> UDJENZA: Dan ikun
dwar disinji port, korretta?

1213
00:56:45,756 --> 00:56:47,130
DAVID J. Malan: Korretta, korretta.

1214
00:56:47,130 --> 00:56:47,879
U hemm ħafna.

1215
00:56:47,879 --> 00:56:50,130
I mean, numru tal-port hija
ġeneralment numru 16-bit,

1216
00:56:50,130 --> 00:56:53,800
li tagħtik 65,536 possibbiltajiet.

1217
00:56:53,800 --> 00:56:56,170
U biss ftit ta 'dawn
huma attwalment standardizzati.

1218
00:56:56,170 --> 00:57:00,420
>> U r-realtà hi hemm biss tant
Servizzi ta popolari ħafna f'dawn il-jiem.

1219
00:57:00,420 --> 00:57:02,594
Allura hemm verament ma
li ħafna allegazzjoni.

1220
00:57:02,594 --> 00:57:03,760
Dan mhuwiex tali big deal.

1221
00:57:03,760 --> 00:57:08,690
>> Imma minn tal undergraduate għaqlija
perspettiva jew dissident

1222
00:57:08,690 --> 00:57:13,430
fi ħdan pajjiż, inti tista tabilħaqq,
jekk pajjiż, jew entità korporattiva,

1223
00:57:13,430 --> 00:57:16,630
jew università qed jibblokka ċerti
traffiku, x'hemm komuni ħafna

1224
00:57:16,630 --> 00:57:20,300
jsir, minn nies sofistikati biżżejjed,
ikun li mina, biex ngħidu hekk,

1225
00:57:20,300 --> 00:57:22,720
rotta kollha ta 'tagħhom
traffiku b'pakketti

1226
00:57:22,720 --> 00:57:26,860
li ma jgħidu dak li għandha tgħid, imma
minflok sempliċiment jużaw 80 għal kollox.

1227
00:57:26,860 --> 00:57:31,080
Anki jekk huwa FaceTime, jew Skype, jew
tranżazzjonijiet finanzjarji, jew kwalunkwe,

1228
00:57:31,080 --> 00:57:33,687
inti biss tagħmel dehra
huwa attwalment traffiku web.

1229
00:57:33,687 --> 00:57:35,770
U aħjar minn hekk hija ieħor
soluzzjoni li Rabat

1230
00:57:35,770 --> 00:57:38,070
allużjoni għall preċedenti, li hija VPN.

1231
00:57:38,070 --> 00:57:41,720
>> U spiss huwa VPN
traffiku permessi fuq netwerk.

1232
00:57:41,720 --> 00:57:45,500
Fil-fatt, sibt ruħi komunement fl
ajruporti, u lukandi, u fuq ajruplani

1233
00:57:45,500 --> 00:57:48,030
fejn I ma tistax aċċess ċerta
servers sikur fil-Harvard.

1234
00:57:48,030 --> 00:57:52,520
Għaliex qed taħdem fuq pjuttost
port mhux tas-soltu numbers-- 555 jew kwalunkwe

1235
00:57:52,520 --> 00:57:53,800
in-numru jista 'jkun.

1236
00:57:53,800 --> 00:57:59,090
>> Imma jekk jien l-ewwel qabbad via VPN minn
dak l-ajruplan jew lukanda Harvard

1237
00:57:59,090 --> 00:58:01,650
Università, liema VPN ma huwa dak?

1238
00:58:01,650 --> 00:58:04,470
Taf dak li ma għalik
taħt il-barnuża, Victoria?

1239
00:58:04,470 --> 00:58:08,520
>> UDJENZA: Ukoll, huwa se preżumibbilment
tibdel il-server [inaudible].

1240
00:58:08,520 --> 00:58:09,520
DAVID J. Malan: Hija ma.

1241
00:58:09,520 --> 00:58:10,020
Hija ma.

1242
00:58:10,020 --> 00:58:13,062
Hija jagħmilha ħarsa, lil xi ħadd ieħor,
bħal int ġejjin minn post ieħor.

1243
00:58:13,062 --> 00:58:15,561
Jidher qisu int ġejjin
mill-kwartieri ġenerali korporattivi tiegħek

1244
00:58:15,561 --> 00:58:16,780
meta jżuru xi siti.

1245
00:58:16,780 --> 00:58:20,830
U dak li ma wkoll huwa mini,
biex ngħidu hekk, kollha ta 'traffiku tiegħek,

1246
00:58:20,830 --> 00:58:24,010
jekk huwiex email, jew web,
jew stampar, jew bħalhom kollha

1247
00:58:24,010 --> 00:58:26,580
permezz ta 'dan encrypted
kanal bejn vous

1248
00:58:26,580 --> 00:58:28,890
u korporattiva tiegħek
kwartieri ġenerali, tipikament,

1249
00:58:28,890 --> 00:58:35,230
b'tali mod li ebda one-- inkluż il-
pajjiż lokali, jew ajru, jew cafe--

1250
00:58:35,230 --> 00:58:37,694
jaf x'hemm ġewwa ta '
mina encrypted tiegħek.

1251
00:58:37,694 --> 00:58:39,110
U hekk jidher qisu l-istorbju każwali.

1252
00:58:39,110 --> 00:58:41,318
U għalhekk ħafna drabi, VPN
se jaħdmu madwar dawk it-tipi

1253
00:58:41,318 --> 00:58:44,700
ta 'restrizzjonijiet tal-port, ukoll,
jekk il-port VPN stess mhuwiex

1254
00:58:44,700 --> 00:58:47,450
imblukkata, li kultant huwa l-każ.

1255
00:58:47,450 --> 00:58:49,740
U DaCosta, inti aħna qed dwar li jgħidu?

1256
00:58:49,740 --> 00:58:55,765
>> UDJENZA: Liema ħin
[Inaudible] jaqbżu speċjalment

1257
00:58:55,765 --> 00:59:08,710
użu tal-[inaudible] tista 'tiżdied grupp
ta [inaudible] Huwa dan sħaba differenti?

1258
00:59:08,710 --> 00:59:12,670
Liema [inaudible] biex tiżdied?
[Inaudible] Valur [inaudible]

1259
00:59:12,670 --> 00:59:15,535

1260
00:59:15,535 --> 00:59:17,785
DAVID J. Malan: U mill jaqbżu,
X'tifhem eżattament?

1261
00:59:17,785 --> 00:59:19,659
UDJENZA: Illi huma
tibblokka, [inaudible].

1262
00:59:19,659 --> 00:59:25,662

1263
00:59:25,662 --> 00:59:28,120
DAVID J. Malan: Oh, u huwa
imqassma fi ħdan pajjiż partikolari?

1264
00:59:28,120 --> 00:59:29,060
UDJENZA: Iva, huwa imblukkata.

1265
00:59:29,060 --> 00:59:29,700
DAVID J. Malan: Oh, imblukkata.

1266
00:59:29,700 --> 00:59:32,070
Għalhekk jista 'jiġi implimentat
fi kwalunkwe numru ta 'modi.

1267
00:59:32,070 --> 00:59:37,670
L-aktar sempliċi, għal darb'oħra, ikun dak
il-pajjiż u kull min fiha, permezz DNS,

1268
00:59:37,670 --> 00:59:42,140
huma biss ma jibgħat lura l-indirizz IP
lilek meta inti żżur Facebook.com.

1269
00:59:42,140 --> 00:59:45,090
Tnejn, huma jkunu effettivament jistgħu jfittxu
ġewwa pakketti kulħadd

1270
00:59:45,090 --> 00:59:47,640
u ara jekk dawk it-talbiet
huma intitolat għall Facebook.com.

1271
00:59:47,640 --> 00:59:50,734
F'liema każ, kieku simili
jimblokka l-traffiku kif ukoll.

1272
00:59:50,734 --> 00:59:52,400
UDJENZA: Tista 'blokk il- [inaudible].

1273
00:59:52,400 --> 00:59:52,870
DAVID J. Malan: Tabilħaqq.

1274
00:59:52,870 --> 00:59:53,500
U dan jiddependi.

1275
00:59:53,500 --> 00:59:58,200
I mean, sakemm ikun hemm
relattivament ftit konnessjonijiet tal-internet

1276
00:59:58,200 --> 01:00:01,030
ġejjin fil-country--
hekk għexieren, jew mijiet,

1277
01:00:01,030 --> 01:00:03,450
mhux eluf jew għexieren
ta thousands-- allura iva,

1278
01:00:03,450 --> 01:00:06,290
sakemm dawn ikollhom kontroll
fuq wajers kollha, mingħajr fili,

1279
01:00:06,290 --> 01:00:10,720
jew inkella li ġejjin fil-pajjiż,
assolutament, dawn jista 'jimblokka kollox.

1280
01:00:10,720 --> 01:00:16,290
>> Allura u agħar għadu, u
attakk ferm possibbli

1281
01:00:16,290 --> 01:00:19,255
hija jekk, per eżempju, aħna qed
kollha hawn fuq netwerk Harvard.

1282
01:00:19,255 --> 01:00:21,880
U għalhekk, kompjuters tiegħek,
mill-istorja aħna kont qed javżak,

1283
01:00:21,880 --> 01:00:24,139
huma kollha jużaw DHCP server Harvard.

1284
01:00:24,139 --> 01:00:25,930
Xi wħud minnkom jista 'jkollhom,
fi tab dritt issa,

1285
01:00:25,930 --> 01:00:31,347
Facebook.com miftuħa, jew Gmail.com,
jew xi websajt każwali ieħor.

1286
01:00:31,347 --> 01:00:33,680
Do you neċessarjament taf int
fil-Facebook.com reali?

1287
01:00:33,680 --> 01:00:37,610
>> I mean, forsi int suġġetti fil
esperiment psikoloġija Harvard

1288
01:00:37,610 --> 01:00:40,160
hawn, fejn aħna qed tredda inti
informazzjoni Facebook foloz.

1289
01:00:40,160 --> 01:00:43,470
Jew aħna qed tghidlek li inti kont qed
poked minn xi ħadd inti ma ġewx.

1290
01:00:43,470 --> 01:00:47,280
Jew aħna qed jinbidlu messaġġi li ħoss
angrier milli huma attwalment huma.

1291
01:00:47,280 --> 01:00:50,310
>> I mean, tassew meta jkollok
kontroll fuq in-netwerk,

1292
01:00:50,310 --> 01:00:53,960
inti għandek kontroll fuq pjuttost ftit
Aspetti ta 'esperjenza tal-utent.

1293
01:00:53,960 --> 01:00:56,710
Issa, Thankfully, mhuwiex
kif biża bħal dik.

1294
01:00:56,710 --> 01:00:59,880
Minħabba li ħafna minnkom, fil tiegħek
vireg URL, ta 'kwalunkwe tabs bħal dawn,

1295
01:00:59,880 --> 01:01:00,940
probabbilment tibda ma 'dak?

1296
01:01:00,940 --> 01:01:06,340
HTTPS, nisperaw.

1297
01:01:06,340 --> 01:01:09,140
Minħabba li l-S ma jaħtar sigur.

1298
01:01:09,140 --> 01:01:11,650
>> U fit-teorija, liema dik
tfisser hija li inti tagħmel attwalment

1299
01:01:11,650 --> 01:01:15,310
għandhom konnessjoni encrypted bejn
inti u Facebook, inti u l-Amazon, inti

1300
01:01:15,310 --> 01:01:17,760
u Gmail.com, jew fejn int.

1301
01:01:17,760 --> 01:01:19,280
U li l-ħaġa tajba.

1302
01:01:19,280 --> 01:01:21,410
Minħabba hemm dan
sistema sħiħa ta 'fiduċja.

1303
01:01:21,410 --> 01:01:24,570
>> U dan huwa attwalment segue tajba
għal traffiku web speċifikament.

1304
01:01:24,570 --> 01:01:28,540
Hemm din is-sistema sħiħa ta '
fiduċja, fid-dinja, li jippermetti

1305
01:01:28,540 --> 01:01:32,485
b'xi riassigurazzjoni li l-fiduċja
li jekk immur Facebook.com,

1306
01:01:32,485 --> 01:01:35,600
u nara katnazz ftit
icon fil-browser tiegħi,

1307
01:01:35,600 --> 01:01:38,850
I am very, ħafna, ferm probabbli
li jkun attwalment konnessa

1308
01:01:38,850 --> 01:01:40,486
għall-Facebook.com reali.

1309
01:01:40,486 --> 01:01:42,000
Issa, għaliex huwa li?

1310
01:01:42,000 --> 01:01:46,297
>> Għalhekk jirriżulta li meta inti tpoġġi
'websajt fuq il-web dinjija,

1311
01:01:46,297 --> 01:01:47,880
għandek bżonn l-indirizz IP, jidher.

1312
01:01:47,880 --> 01:01:49,270
server tiegħek jeħtieġ l-indirizz IP.

1313
01:01:49,270 --> 01:01:50,950
U inti probabilment ikollok bżonn isem ta 'dominju.

1314
01:01:50,950 --> 01:01:52,250
Allura dak li ma tinvolvix?

1315
01:01:52,250 --> 01:01:55,770
>> Ukoll, ikollhom kwalunkwe inti qatt
xtraw isem ta 'dominju qabel?

1316
01:01:55,770 --> 01:01:56,270
Iva?

1317
01:01:56,270 --> 01:01:56,580
Yeah?

1318
01:01:56,580 --> 01:01:57,079
KOLLOX SEW.

1319
01:01:57,079 --> 01:02:00,100
U dak websajts jkunu inti użati jew
ħares lejn għal xiri ismijiet ta 'dominju?

1320
01:02:00,100 --> 01:02:02,400
>> Kull b'mod partikolari jiġu f'moħħna?

1321
01:02:02,400 --> 01:02:04,470
OK, GoDaddy huwa pjuttost popolari.

1322
01:02:04,470 --> 01:02:08,160
U hemm others-- Namecheap,
Network Solutions, oħrajn.

1323
01:02:08,160 --> 01:02:11,240
>> U hekk jekk irrid
mur għal xi ħaġa simili,

1324
01:02:11,240 --> 01:02:17,096
jekk I jridu jixtru dominju simili
ComputerScienceforBusinessLeaders.com--

1325
01:02:17,096 --> 01:02:19,600
Isem orribbli għax
huwa atroċi għat-tip.

1326
01:02:19,600 --> 01:02:21,850
Hija lanqas ma jinstallax fuq
linja waħda, apparentement.

1327
01:02:21,850 --> 01:02:24,560
Għal $ 11.99, I jistgħu jixtru dak l-isem tad-dominju.

1328
01:02:24,560 --> 01:02:26,690
>> Issa, dak ma jfisser?

1329
01:02:26,690 --> 01:02:30,340
Jekk I ikklikkja Select u jdaħħlu dan fil-tiegħi
Shopping Cart, let me ewwel kawtela.

1330
01:02:30,340 --> 01:02:32,340
GoDaddy huwa atroċi dwar
jippruvaw upsell lilek.

1331
01:02:32,340 --> 01:02:34,256
Allura inti tiġi mistoqsi jekk
Tixtieq email, jekk inti

1332
01:02:34,256 --> 01:02:36,860
tixtieq web hosting, jekk inti tixtieq a
telefonata għal dan kollu Jittieħed.

1333
01:02:36,860 --> 01:02:39,130
Huwa diffiċli biex jiċċekkjaw fuq GoDaddy.

1334
01:02:39,130 --> 01:02:41,860
>> Imma meta inti finalment naslu s'hemm,
inti ser stess dak l-isem tad-dominju

1335
01:02:41,860 --> 01:02:44,460
għal perjodu ta 'sena,
tipikament, jew tnejn, jew tlieta snin.

1336
01:02:44,460 --> 01:02:45,400
Inti għandek biex iġeddu dawn l-affarijiet.

1337
01:02:45,400 --> 01:02:47,170
Allura huwa aktar simili kiri ta 'isem ta' dominju.

1338
01:02:47,170 --> 01:02:49,350
>> Imma ladarba inti stess li
isem tad-dominju, inti għandek bżonn

1339
01:02:49,350 --> 01:02:51,960
li tgħid GoDaddy xi ħaġa, tipikament.

1340
01:02:51,960 --> 01:02:57,580
Ikollok bżonn li tgħid GoDaddy liema tiegħek
servers mill-web, servers DNS għandu jkun.

1341
01:02:57,580 --> 01:03:00,550
Kif tkun taf liema servers tiegħek,
DNS servers ser ikunu?

1342
01:03:00,550 --> 01:03:02,820
>> Ukoll, tipikament, fl
tab ieħor, inti għandek

1343
01:03:02,820 --> 01:03:05,387
li jixtru, jew tħallas, għall-web
akkoljenza jekk inti ma attwalment

1344
01:03:05,387 --> 01:03:08,470
fiżikament stess servers tiegħek, u
kumpanija tiegħek, jew fid-dejta tiegħek stess

1345
01:03:08,470 --> 01:03:09,270
ċentru.

1346
01:03:09,270 --> 01:03:11,190
Allura youd tmur lil web hosting kumpanija.

1347
01:03:11,190 --> 01:03:12,190
U jista 'jkun GoDaddy.

1348
01:03:12,190 --> 01:03:14,620
Huma joffru l-istess servizz
bħala waħda mill-upsells tagħhom.

1349
01:03:14,620 --> 01:03:16,910
>> Iżda hemm mijiet,
eluf ta 'web hosting

1350
01:03:16,910 --> 01:03:18,640
kumpaniji ta 'kwalità li tvarja hemmhekk.

1351
01:03:18,640 --> 01:03:20,930
U meta inti tħallas xi ħadd
inkella għall-web hosting,

1352
01:03:20,930 --> 01:03:24,570
ikollok username, u
password, u xi ammont ta 'spazju

1353
01:03:24,570 --> 01:03:27,390
fil-sħaba, biex ngħidu hekk, li
li inti tista 'upload fajls tiegħek,

1354
01:03:27,390 --> 01:03:30,810
u joħolqu paġni web tiegħek,
u mqiegħda fuq l-internet website tiegħek.

1355
01:03:30,810 --> 01:03:33,110
Allura essenzjalment, għandek
li tgħid GoDaddy liema

1356
01:03:33,110 --> 01:03:36,990
-servers DNS huma li li l-web
kumpanija hosting pprovdiet lilek.

1357
01:03:36,990 --> 01:03:39,770
Probabbilment fi e-mail jew fil
web page, huma ninfurmak.

1358
01:03:39,770 --> 01:03:43,600
>> U mbagħad responsabbiltà GoDaddy tal
huwa li tgħid il-bqija tad-dinja

1359
01:03:43,600 --> 01:03:46,630
permezz ta 'dawn is-servers għerq
u s-servers oħra DNS.

1360
01:03:46,630 --> 01:03:48,520
Allura li, il-jum li jmiss,
meta xi ħadd jipprova

1361
01:03:48,520 --> 01:03:51,290
iżżur
ComputerScienceforBusinessLeaders.com,

1362
01:03:51,290 --> 01:03:53,410
server DNS tagħhom probabbilment
ma jafx ir-risposta.

1363
01:03:53,410 --> 01:03:54,785
Għaliex dan huwa websajt ġdida fjamanta.

1364
01:03:54,785 --> 01:03:57,000
Allura server DNS tagħhom jitlob
dan wieħed, jitlob dan wieħed.

1365
01:03:57,000 --> 01:03:58,090
Dan wieħed jaf.

1366
01:03:58,090 --> 01:04:02,490
U mbagħad, l-informazzjoni tinfirix
reġgħu lura lejn il-bqija tad-dinja.

1367
01:04:02,490 --> 01:04:08,030
Allura dan huwa kif jekk inti ma tħallas l-
kont għal tiġdid tal-isem tad-dominju tiegħek.

1368
01:04:08,030 --> 01:04:09,510
Kollha ta 'dan jista' biss tip ta tieqaf.

1369
01:04:09,510 --> 01:04:13,000
>> Minħabba GoDaddy, per eżempju,
tista 'tħassar dawk ir-reġistri DNS

1370
01:04:13,000 --> 01:04:16,540
sabiex l-ebda wieħed fid-dinja jaf
lil min jistaqsu fejn huwa s-sit tiegħek.

1371
01:04:16,540 --> 01:04:18,130
X'inhu l-indirizz IP tiegħek?

1372
01:04:18,130 --> 01:04:20,530
U hekk dan huwa kif dawn
jinfurzaw dan it-tip ta 'kontroll.

1373
01:04:20,530 --> 01:04:25,320
>> Imma dak GoDaddy ibiegħ ukoll, nixtieq
ara hawn jekk nistgħu chat magħhom hawnhekk.

1374
01:04:25,320 --> 01:04:28,360
Huma jridu negozju tagħna.

1375
01:04:28,360 --> 01:04:32,720
Jekk immorru Prodotti Kollha,
dan huwa kbira ħafna.

1376
01:04:32,720 --> 01:04:38,750
>> I jridu jixtru SSL.

1377
01:04:38,750 --> 01:04:40,730
Here we go, Web Sigurtà.

1378
01:04:40,730 --> 01:04:41,910
Allura, oh, huwa fuq il-bejgħ.

1379
01:04:41,910 --> 01:04:42,410
Nizza.

1380
01:04:42,410 --> 01:04:43,270
>> KOLLOX SEW.

1381
01:04:43,270 --> 01:04:49,690
Allura hawnhekk, ukoll, dan huwa tip ta '
enormi fl-ewwel daqqa t'għajn għall folks.

1382
01:04:49,690 --> 01:04:55,270
Allura hemm tipi differenti ta 'SSL
ċertifikati kif dawn qed jissejjaħ.

1383
01:04:55,270 --> 01:04:59,520
Allura huwa mhux biss biżżejjed biex ikollhom dominju
isem jew ikollu kont web hosting.

1384
01:04:59,520 --> 01:05:02,880
Jekk inti tixtieq li jkollok encryption, li,
franchement, huwa biss partikolari llum.

1385
01:05:02,880 --> 01:05:06,630
U dan qed isir prattika de facto.

1386
01:05:06,630 --> 01:05:09,290
>> Għandek jixtru wkoll ċertifikat SSL.

1387
01:05:09,290 --> 01:05:11,540
Sfortunatament, dan jista 'jkun
diffiċli biex jinnaviga kollha ta 'dan.

1388
01:05:11,540 --> 01:05:14,749
Imma ejja naraw fejn dan iwassal
għal dan it-tip ta 'sistema ta' fiduċja.

1389
01:05:14,749 --> 01:05:17,040
Mela jekk jien biss jkollhom dominju wieħed
isem, www.ComputerSciencef

1390
01:05:17,040 --> 01:05:23,860
orBusinessLeaders.com, jien ser
li jimxi 'l quddiem u biss jixtru l-62.99 $

1391
01:05:23,860 --> 01:05:24,690
Verżjoni hawn.

1392
01:05:24,690 --> 01:05:26,110
Madankollu, anke din hija għalja.

1393
01:05:26,110 --> 01:05:29,830
Inti tista 'tmur fuq websajts oħra, bħall
Namecheap.com u ftit oħrajn,

1394
01:05:29,830 --> 01:05:31,500
fejn gradi ta 'reputazzjoni varji.

1395
01:05:31,500 --> 01:05:33,170
Iżda int tista 'tonfoq saħansitra inqas minn hekk.

1396
01:05:33,170 --> 01:05:34,070
Beware.

1397
01:05:34,070 --> 01:05:40,240
>> U fil-fatt, ejja jmorru x'imkien
aħna shouldn't-- Verisign.com.

1398
01:05:40,240 --> 01:05:47,130
Din hija mexxejja globali fil-qasam
ismijiet u internet sigurtà apparentement.

1399
01:05:47,130 --> 01:05:50,610
U inti taf huwa għali meta
dawn ma biss jgħidu dak li jbiegħu.

1400
01:05:50,610 --> 01:05:54,410

1401
01:05:54,410 --> 01:06:01,950
Verisign ċertifikat SSL, inti tista
ara kemm kompetituri li jkunu,

1402
01:06:01,950 --> 01:06:04,350
li huma r-reklamar għall-istess mistoqsija.

1403
01:06:04,350 --> 01:06:07,600
>> Kull dritt, hekk permezz Google,
Sibt din il-paġna li ridt.

1404
01:06:07,600 --> 01:06:09,140
Mela ejja ara.

1405
01:06:09,140 --> 01:06:10,660
Oh, here we go.

1406
01:06:10,660 --> 01:06:14,520
>> Allura jidher qisu jekk
Irrid Sit Sikura,

1407
01:06:14,520 --> 01:06:18,640
ċertifikati SSL tagħhom jibda fil $ 399.

1408
01:06:18,640 --> 01:06:23,240
Jekk irrid aktar sigurtà, bil VE,
li naħseb huwa validazzjoni estiż

1409
01:06:23,240 --> 01:06:27,190
jew validazzjoni mtejba,
dan huwa $ 995, punt 00.

1410
01:06:27,190 --> 01:06:29,960
Jew Sikura Pro Sit ma VE, $ 1,500.

1411
01:06:29,960 --> 01:06:33,290
Kważi kollha ta 'dan huwa atroċi
u, ukoll, bla bżonn.

1412
01:06:33,290 --> 01:06:36,320
>> Imma ejja jifhmu dak l-kompromessi
hawn huma u kif dan xogħlijiet kollha.

1413
01:06:36,320 --> 01:06:40,080
Fl-aħħar tal-ġurnata, l-matematika
u l-kriptografija fundamentali

1414
01:06:40,080 --> 01:06:43,565
sottostanti tas-sigurtà website tiegħek hija
kollha l-istess, għall-aktar partijiet.

1415
01:06:43,565 --> 01:06:47,470
Kollha ta 'dan huwa upsells u,
biċċa l-kbira, il-kummerċjalizzazzjoni affarijiet.

1416
01:06:47,470 --> 01:06:51,620
>> Oh, u jekk jogħġbok, ma qatt tpoġġi
xi ħaġa bħal din fuq il-websajt tiegħek,

1417
01:06:51,620 --> 01:06:53,750
anki jekk il-konsulent
jipproponi li inti tagħmel.

1418
01:06:53,750 --> 01:06:55,180
Dan ifisser assolutament xejn.

1419
01:06:55,180 --> 01:06:58,400
Int ser ikollok tara, aktar tard illum jew
għada, huwa assolutament trivjali

1420
01:06:58,400 --> 01:07:02,390
li jżid l-immaġini għal websajt u
sempliċiment tgħid inti qed Norton assigurati

1421
01:07:02,390 --> 01:07:03,570
tfisser assolutament xejn.

1422
01:07:03,570 --> 01:07:05,960
>> U kull ma għandek qed tagħmel huwa
taħriġ klijenti tiegħek,

1423
01:07:05,960 --> 01:07:08,610
jew umanità b'mod aktar ġenerali,
biex tfittex dak is-simbolu, li

1424
01:07:08,610 --> 01:07:12,080
żgur Guy ħżiena tista 'tpoġġi fuq tiegħu jew
websajt tagħha stess u biss isostnu li,

1425
01:07:12,080 --> 01:07:13,320
ukoll, huma Norton assigurati.

1426
01:07:13,320 --> 01:07:17,360
Allura aħna ve gotten fis xi drawwiet ħżiena,
bħala bnedmin, kif inkorporati anki dritt hawn.

1427
01:07:17,360 --> 01:07:23,140
Hekk biss bħala twarrib, ir-raġuni hemm
stili differenti ta 'ċertifikati,

1428
01:07:23,140 --> 01:07:25,520
dawn iżommu jixtiequ li jitkellem magħna.

1429
01:07:25,520 --> 01:07:30,110
>> Tista 'tixtri ċertifikat SSL
għal isem tad-dominju wieħed biss,

1430
01:07:30,110 --> 01:07:32,586
dub dot dub dub
ComputerScienceforBusinessLeaders.com.

1431
01:07:32,586 --> 01:07:35,027
websajts multipli, ejja ngħidu
Kelli dub dub dot dub

1432
01:07:35,027 --> 01:07:36,610
ComputerScienceforBusinessLeaders.com.

1433
01:07:36,610 --> 01:07:39,750
Imma jien xtaqu wkoll utenti
li jkunu kapaċi li jżuru

1434
01:07:39,750 --> 01:07:42,394
ComputerScienceforBusinessLeaders.com
mingħajr il-www.

1435
01:07:42,394 --> 01:07:44,852
Jew, forsi, għandi terz
dominju, bħal email.ComputerScienc

1436
01:07:44,852 --> 01:07:45,851
eforBusinessLeaders.com.

1437
01:07:45,851 --> 01:07:48,170

1438
01:07:48,170 --> 01:07:50,550
Mela jekk ikolli dominju multipli
ismijiet, huma fil-fatt kull

1439
01:07:50,550 --> 01:07:52,633
bżonn ta 'tip differenti ta'
ċertifikat, potenzjalment.

1440
01:07:52,633 --> 01:07:55,830
So I jistgħu wkoll tikseb dan
verżjoni, li jippermetti eżattament dan.

1441
01:07:55,830 --> 01:08:00,180
>> Jew sottodominji kollha, jekk inti biss tixtieq li
għandhom, u dan huwa għall setups fancier,

1442
01:08:00,180 --> 01:08:05,070
jekk inti tixtieq li jkollok 10 jew 20
websajts differenti jew servers li

1443
01:08:05,070 --> 01:08:08,550
tibda ma 'xi ħaġa, dot
ComputerScienceforBusinessLeaders.com,

1444
01:08:08,550 --> 01:08:10,890
allura inti tikseb dak li sejjaħ
ċertifikat Wildcard.

1445
01:08:10,890 --> 01:08:13,800
U tappoġġa kollha ta 'dawk il-varjazzjonijiet.

1446
01:08:13,800 --> 01:08:16,670
>> Issa, ladarba inti tixtri dan, inti tinstalla.

1447
01:08:16,670 --> 01:08:18,040
Huwa fajl li inti download.

1448
01:08:18,040 --> 01:08:19,748
U dan il-fajl,
essenzjalment, biss fih

1449
01:08:19,748 --> 01:08:22,716
verament kbir, numru bl-addoċċ li
għandha xi relazzjoni matematika

1450
01:08:22,716 --> 01:08:24,840
għal xi numru ieħor li
inti stajt diġà ġġenerat.

1451
01:08:24,840 --> 01:08:28,490
Aħna ser sejħa hija ta 'ċavetta pubblika u
ċavetta privata, kif għamilt eżatt qabel.

1452
01:08:28,490 --> 01:08:31,790
>> U l-idea hija li inti
jinstallaw fis-web server tiegħek

1453
01:08:31,790 --> 01:08:34,250
bi ftit użu ta 'FTP jew
xi protokoll ieħor,

1454
01:08:34,250 --> 01:08:36,370
jittrattienu u twaqqa
jew ikkopjar u pasta

1455
01:08:36,370 --> 01:08:38,497
dawn in-numri verament kbir
fis-web server tiegħek stess.

1456
01:08:38,497 --> 01:08:41,330
U inti ssegwi l-istruzzjonijiet
konsistenti mal-server software tiegħek

1457
01:08:41,330 --> 01:08:42,359
biex jagħmlu dan.

1458
01:08:42,359 --> 01:08:45,270
U l-web server tiegħek,
minn issa, kwalunkwe ħin xi ħadd

1459
01:08:45,270 --> 01:08:49,920
Żjarat ta 'negozju tiegħek "website--
www.ComputerScienceBusinessLeaders.com--

1460
01:08:49,920 --> 01:08:51,901
web server tiegħek
awtomatikament, għaliex dan

1461
01:08:51,901 --> 01:08:53,859
hija mibnija fil-funzjonalità
dawn il-ġranet, se biss

1462
01:08:53,859 --> 01:08:56,459
tgħid id-dinja dak ċavetta pubblika tagħha.

1463
01:08:56,459 --> 01:08:59,250
U ftakar li ċ-ċavetta pubblika
għandha din ir-relazzjoni matematika

1464
01:08:59,250 --> 01:09:01,000
bil-hekk imsejħa ċavetta privata.

1465
01:09:01,000 --> 01:09:05,109
U dan meta l-utenti, klijenti
kellem sikur għal server tiegħek,

1466
01:09:05,109 --> 01:09:07,680
pakketti tagħhom, bħal dawk
aħna kont qed jgħaddi madwar,

1467
01:09:07,680 --> 01:09:10,950
għandhom nonsense seeming ġewwa minnhom.

1468
01:09:10,950 --> 01:09:12,970
Minħabba li l-kontenuti huma encrypted.

1469
01:09:12,970 --> 01:09:15,710
>> U biss in-negozju tiegħek "
ċavetta privata, li

1470
01:09:15,710 --> 01:09:19,340
inti iġġenerat bħala parti minn dan il-
proċess ta 'xiri' ċertifikat SSL,

1471
01:09:19,340 --> 01:09:21,790
jistgħu attwalment decrypt.

1472
01:09:21,790 --> 01:09:23,819
U kollha ta 'li jiġri b'mod trasparenti.

1473
01:09:23,819 --> 01:09:26,950
Iżda int tista 'tixtri biss dawn
ċertifikati minn numru finit

1474
01:09:26,950 --> 01:09:28,760
ta 'kumpaniji fid-dinja.

1475
01:09:28,760 --> 01:09:33,330
>> Minħabba Microsoft, li jagħmel IE u
Xifer, u Google, li jagħmel Chrome,

1476
01:09:33,330 --> 01:09:36,470
u Mozilla, li jagħmel Firefox,
u ftit parteċipanti oħra

1477
01:09:36,470 --> 01:09:40,020
kollha ddeċidew li vapur browsers tagħhom.

1478
01:09:40,020 --> 01:09:43,890
Meta inti jinstallaw xi waħda minn dawk il browsers--
IE, Xifer, Firefox, Mozilla, Opera,

1479
01:09:43,890 --> 01:09:50,180
jew xi oħrajn, Chrome-- dawn jaqgħu
ma 'numru finit ta' ċertifikati,

1480
01:09:50,180 --> 01:09:52,010
biex ngħidu hekk, mibnija ġo fihom.

1481
01:09:52,010 --> 01:09:57,420
Lista finit ta ', ejja jsejħulhom,
kumpaniji ċertifikati SSL li għandhom

1482
01:09:57,420 --> 01:10:00,330
jitħallew u kkunsidrat sigur.

1483
01:10:00,330 --> 01:10:04,105
>> Allura dan ifisser li jien, David Malan,
ma tistax biss jmorru fuq DavidMalan.com

1484
01:10:04,105 --> 01:10:06,050
u tibda bejgħ ċertifikati SSL.

1485
01:10:06,050 --> 01:10:08,210
Għaliex jekk I ma jkollhomx
xi tip ta 'relazzjoni

1486
01:10:08,210 --> 01:10:12,810
ma 'Google, u Microsoft, u
Mozilla, jew kuntratturi tal-vot tagħhom,

1487
01:10:12,810 --> 01:10:17,250
browsers ebda wieħed se fiduċja
ċertifikati David Malan tal,

1488
01:10:17,250 --> 01:10:19,830
anki jekk I jbigħuhom bi
skont versus kulħadd.

1489
01:10:19,830 --> 01:10:21,370
I jistgħu jagħmluhom matematikament.

1490
01:10:21,370 --> 01:10:25,430
Imma ma nistax trick l
browsers fis fidu fihom.

1491
01:10:25,430 --> 01:10:26,940
>> U dak li għandi jfisser minn trust?

1492
01:10:26,940 --> 01:10:27,660
Ukoll, avviż.

1493
01:10:27,660 --> 01:10:29,690
Aħna fuq GoDaddy.com.

1494
01:10:29,690 --> 01:10:34,450
U kif inhu l-każ ma 'ħafna mill-websajts,
Avviż il-up katnazz fil kantuniera.

1495
01:10:34,450 --> 01:10:38,420
X'inhu li katnazz preżumibbilment
jindikaw, jew qabel

1496
01:10:38,420 --> 01:10:40,830
għad-diskussjoni tal-lum jew minn issa?

1497
01:10:40,830 --> 01:10:41,970
>> UDJENZA: Huwa sikur.

1498
01:10:41,970 --> 01:10:43,344
>> DAVID J. Malan: Li huwa sigur.

1499
01:10:43,344 --> 01:10:46,390
Dak ifisser biss li nuża
xi tip ta 'kriptografija,

1500
01:10:46,390 --> 01:10:48,190
encryption bejni u GoDaddy.com.

1501
01:10:48,190 --> 01:10:49,690
U ma kellhiex tkun GoDaddy.

1502
01:10:49,690 --> 01:10:50,690
Ejja ħa mmorru x'imkien ieħor.

1503
01:10:50,690 --> 01:10:52,182
Ejja mur Facebook.com.

1504
01:10:52,182 --> 01:10:55,420
U Avviż I jispiċċaw fil
HTTPS kolon mmejla mmejla.

1505
01:10:55,420 --> 01:10:59,090
Għalhekk anki jekk inti ma tip HTTPS,
dejjem aktar, websajts tagħna

1506
01:10:59,090 --> 01:11:03,910
illum ridirezzjonar inti l-
Verżjoni sigura tal-websajt.

1507
01:11:03,910 --> 01:11:08,612
Spiss dan kien veru meta inti ittajpjat fil
passwords tiegħek għal żmien pjuttost twil.

1508
01:11:08,612 --> 01:11:11,320
Iżda mbagħad, inti spiss tikseb l-
Verżjoni prekarju tal-websajt

1509
01:11:11,320 --> 01:11:14,370
wara li inti illoggjat jew wara inti ċċekkjati
bil shopping cart tiegħek u l-kreditu

1510
01:11:14,370 --> 01:11:14,910
karta.

1511
01:11:14,910 --> 01:11:19,010
>> Illum il-ġurnata, dejjem, huma websites--
għaliex huwa jkollna aktar faċli u orħos

1512
01:11:19,010 --> 01:11:23,520
li jużaw dan it-tip ta 'encryption, u
huwa dejjem expected-- huma biss

1513
01:11:23,520 --> 01:11:25,399
jużawha għal assolutament kull paġna tal-web.

1514
01:11:25,399 --> 01:11:26,440
U din hija ħaġa tajba.

1515
01:11:26,440 --> 01:11:28,190
Minħabba li dan ifisser,
per eżempju, meta inti

1516
01:11:28,190 --> 01:11:31,710
mur Google, li wkoll għandu
bdiet tippermetti SSL fil-kontumaċja,

1517
01:11:31,710 --> 01:11:33,940
dan ifisser meta inti tfittex
għal xi ħaġa fuq Google,

1518
01:11:33,940 --> 01:11:36,310
huwa assolutament veru li
Google jaf kollox

1519
01:11:36,310 --> 01:11:39,370
int tiftix għal fuq il-
-internet, għal kull żmien sakemm inti

1520
01:11:39,370 --> 01:11:40,560
tħassar l-istorja tiegħek.

1521
01:11:40,560 --> 01:11:43,000
U anke dakinhar, wieħed jittama,
fil-fatt tħassar.

1522
01:11:43,000 --> 01:11:46,030
>> Imma l-ebda wieħed fil bejnek
u Google, fit-teorija,

1523
01:11:46,030 --> 01:11:47,370
jaf dak li qed tfittex.

1524
01:11:47,370 --> 01:11:50,380
Mela jekk int tiftix għal xi ħaġa
privata, jew medika, jew whatnot,

1525
01:11:50,380 --> 01:11:53,990
sakemm dik bar hija ħadra, u int
ara l-katnazz, u l-URL huwa HTTPS,

1526
01:11:53,990 --> 01:11:56,924
u int konness ma 'Google,
nisperaw, min iħaddmek

1527
01:11:56,924 --> 01:11:58,090
ma tistax tara dak li qed isir.

1528
01:11:58,090 --> 01:12:00,170
università tiegħek ma jistgħux
ara dak li qed isir.

1529
01:12:00,170 --> 01:12:02,290
>> Issa, jekk xi ħadd jistenna fuq tiegħek
ispalla, huma jistgħu xorta.

1530
01:12:02,290 --> 01:12:05,165
U jekk dan jispiċċa fil-browser tiegħek wasal
istorja, in-nies jistgħu għadhom jafu.

1531
01:12:05,165 --> 01:12:09,960
Imma l-anqas li mina bejn vous
u Google, f'dan il-każ, hija sigura.

1532
01:12:09,960 --> 01:12:11,390
U nistgħu naraw dan ftit aktar.

1533
01:12:11,390 --> 01:12:12,765
U inti tista 'tagħmel dan fid-dar, wisq.

1534
01:12:12,765 --> 01:12:14,744
Jekk I ikklikkja fuq il-katnazz,
fuq Chrome għall-inqas,

1535
01:12:14,744 --> 01:12:16,660
hemm mazz ta '
informazzjoni teknika hawn.

1536
01:12:16,660 --> 01:12:20,200
Jekk I ikklikkja Konnessjoni, avviż li,
"Chrome ivverifikat li l Digi / Cert

1537
01:12:20,200 --> 01:12:24,100
SHA2 Assigurazzjoni Għoli Server
CA, "awtorità ċertifikat,

1538
01:12:24,100 --> 01:12:25,740
"Maħruġ Ċertifikat din il-websajt tal."

1539
01:12:25,740 --> 01:12:28,260
>> Ejja ikklikkja fuq il-
Informazzjoni ċertifikat.

1540
01:12:28,260 --> 01:12:32,350
U nistgħu naraw li Facebook, xi ħadd
fuq Facebook mixtrija dan iċ-ċertifikat.

1541
01:12:32,350 --> 01:12:33,330
U avviż l-istilla.

1542
01:12:33,330 --> 01:12:35,350
Dik hija l-wildcard li
I allużjoni għall qabel,

1543
01:12:35,350 --> 01:12:37,570
il xi ħaġa dot Facebook.com.

1544
01:12:37,570 --> 01:12:41,680
Avviż li tagħhom
ċertifikat jiskadi meta?

1545
01:12:41,680 --> 01:12:45,512
>> Diċembru, hekk Facebook aħjar tħallas il-
kont SSL matul il-ftit xhur li ġejjin.

1546
01:12:45,512 --> 01:12:48,470
U dawn qed tmur biex ikollhom jinstallaw
ċertifikati ġodda fuq servers tagħhom.

1547
01:12:48,470 --> 01:12:51,901
U jekk jien verament rridu nġibu
kurjuż, I tista 'tikklikkja fuq Dettalji.

1548
01:12:51,901 --> 01:12:53,900
U dan se jkun
aktar arcane minn irrid.

1549
01:12:53,900 --> 01:12:55,608
>> Iżda int tista 'tara li
dan huwa, apparentement,

1550
01:12:55,608 --> 01:12:58,900
mixtrija minn Facebook, Inc fl Menlo Park.

1551
01:12:58,900 --> 01:13:01,550
Din hija xi informazzjoni teknika,
fejn huma mixtrija minn.

1552
01:13:01,550 --> 01:13:05,190
SHA-256 jirreferi għal xi ħaġa
simili għal encryption.

1553
01:13:05,190 --> 01:13:06,090
Huwa sejjaħ hash.

1554
01:13:06,090 --> 01:13:09,200
RSA huwa l-encryption
jekk inti ħadthom jinstemgħu ta 'RSA.

1555
01:13:09,200 --> 01:13:12,280
>> U allura, hemm anke
Jittieħed aktar fancy fil hawn.

1556
01:13:12,280 --> 01:13:16,470
Ellitiku Kurva Pubblika, dan
tirreferi għal tip ta 'kriptografija.

1557
01:13:16,470 --> 01:13:19,760
Ħafna minn dan huwa mod aktar
informazzjoni milli inti fil-fatt bżonn.

1558
01:13:19,760 --> 01:13:23,300
Iżda int tista 'tara li dan huwa
l-dettall tekniku sottostanti

1559
01:13:23,300 --> 01:13:24,620
ċertifikat facebook.

1560
01:13:24,620 --> 01:13:27,900
>> Issa, sfortunatament, biss biex
jitkellem għall-inġinerija soċjali,

1561
01:13:27,900 --> 01:13:32,030
dan issa hija pjuttost utli
indikatur tal-fatt

1562
01:13:32,030 --> 01:13:35,090
li xi ħadd, wieħed, għandha
sigura konnessjoni u, min-naħa,

1563
01:13:35,090 --> 01:13:37,950
li s-server inti miżjura
imħallas għal dak iċ-ċertifikat.

1564
01:13:37,950 --> 01:13:42,870
Iżda dan ma kienx dak twil ilu li
websajts jista 'jkollhom ikoni default.

1565
01:13:42,870 --> 01:13:45,574
Fil-fatt, do tinnota li dawn
ikoni fil tabs Chrome tal dritt issa?

1566
01:13:45,574 --> 01:13:47,490
U browsers jkollhom tip
tal tgħallmu lezzjoni tagħhom

1567
01:13:47,490 --> 01:13:51,190
u tpoġġi dawn ikoni up hemm,
il-logo għal websajt?

1568
01:13:51,190 --> 01:13:54,230
>> Ma kienx dak twil ilu
li dawn ikoni fav,

1569
01:13:54,230 --> 01:13:57,480
jew ikoni favoriti kif dawn qed jissejjaħ,
kien hemm dritt li jmiss għall-indirizz.

1570
01:13:57,480 --> 01:14:00,570
Fil-fatt, I għamlet tfittxija
matul waqfa tagħna.

1571
01:14:00,570 --> 01:14:07,500
Per eżempju, mhux dak twil
ilu, let me miftuħa dan wieħed.

1572
01:14:07,500 --> 01:14:09,750
Biss fuq Google Images.

1573
01:14:09,750 --> 01:14:11,010
>> Let me zoom out.

1574
01:14:11,010 --> 01:14:12,970
Ejja.

1575
01:14:12,970 --> 01:14:18,720
Allura ma dak twil ilu,
browsers kienu qed jagħmlu dan il-.

1576
01:14:18,720 --> 01:14:22,050
Mhux biss ma dawn jitqiegħdu l
favoriti icon up hawn fil-tab,

1577
01:14:22,050 --> 01:14:24,420
huma wkoll ipoġġi dan id-dritt
li jmiss għall-address bar.

1578
01:14:24,420 --> 01:14:24,920
Għaliex?

1579
01:14:24,920 --> 01:14:26,060
Biss, eh, deher tajjeb.

1580
01:14:26,060 --> 01:14:26,893
>> Kien tip ta 'sbieħ.

1581
01:14:26,893 --> 01:14:29,530
You see logo tal-kumpanija
dritt li jmiss għall URL tiegħu.

1582
01:14:29,530 --> 01:14:32,650
Allura issa, naħsbu mill-perspettiva
ta 'avversarju, Guy ħażina.

1583
01:14:32,650 --> 01:14:35,850
Jekk inti kienu Guy ħażina u
-browsers kienu mutu biżżejjed

1584
01:14:35,850 --> 01:14:39,660
li jippermettu li inti tpoġġi ikona konswetudini
dritt li jmiss għall-URL browsers,

1585
01:14:39,660 --> 01:14:42,220
dak ikona kieku inti tagħżel
għall-website foloz tiegħek

1586
01:14:42,220 --> 01:14:46,919
thats jippruvaw li jistadu għat-Poplu
informazzjoni karta ta 'kreditu u dik?

1587
01:14:46,919 --> 01:14:48,210
UDJENZA: Il-websajt oriġinali.

1588
01:14:48,210 --> 01:14:49,640
DAVID J. Malan: Il
websajt oriġinali, ċertament,

1589
01:14:49,640 --> 01:14:51,450
jekk int jimitaw waħda websajts.

1590
01:14:51,450 --> 01:14:55,150
X'iktar jista inti tpoġġi hemmhekk
li saħansitra aktar qarrieqi?

1591
01:14:55,150 --> 01:15:00,020
A icon katnazz, li tidher qiesha
katnazz u semantikament jissuġġerixxi

1592
01:15:00,020 --> 01:15:03,500
dan is-sit hija sigura, imma m'għandha ebda
tifsira teknika tkun xi tkun,

1593
01:15:03,500 --> 01:15:06,550
u li huwa li jgħidu li int
nies kondizzjonament.

1594
01:15:06,550 --> 01:15:09,720
>> Aħna, bħala soċjetà, huma kondizzjonament
nies meta inti tara katnazz,

1595
01:15:09,720 --> 01:15:10,970
jassumu sit hija sigura.

1596
01:15:10,970 --> 01:15:13,430
U l-istess loġika tista
ikunu kompletament maqluba

1597
01:15:13,430 --> 01:15:15,615
u manipulati sabiex
nies, issa, huma tricked

1598
01:15:15,615 --> 01:15:16,990
fis-ħsieb xi ħaġa i sigur.

1599
01:15:16,990 --> 01:15:18,823
U l-agħar trasgressuri,
franchement, huma nies

1600
01:15:18,823 --> 01:15:22,210
bħall-banek, li idiotically, għal dan
day-- ejja ara jekk Bank of America,

1601
01:15:22,210 --> 01:15:25,970
waħda lokali popolari jew nazzjonali
wieħed, qed tagħmel l-istess.

1602
01:15:25,970 --> 01:15:27,000
>> KOLLOX SEW.

1603
01:15:27,000 --> 01:15:27,875
Allura dak li huwa dan?

1604
01:15:27,875 --> 01:15:28,750
Liema taħseb hawn.

1605
01:15:28,750 --> 01:15:32,080
Dan huwa l-log fil
jiffurmaw għall-websajt tagħhom.

1606
01:15:32,080 --> 01:15:33,710
Huma ghamilt l-istess ħaġa eżatt.

1607
01:15:33,710 --> 01:15:35,780
Inti taħriġ bnedmin
biex jaħsbu meta tara

1608
01:15:35,780 --> 01:15:38,430
buttuna fuq websajt
bil-katnazz li din

1609
01:15:38,430 --> 01:15:40,460
tfisser il-konnessjoni hija sigura.

1610
01:15:40,460 --> 01:15:42,940
>> Dan ifisser biss li hemm
huwa disinjatur grafiku li

1611
01:15:42,940 --> 01:15:46,260
jaf kif jagħmlu stampa ta '
katnazz u poġġih fuq websajt.

1612
01:15:46,260 --> 01:15:50,890
Issa, f'dan il-każ, huwa veru,
li l-websajt hija sigura.

1613
01:15:50,890 --> 01:15:53,000
Minħabba avviż l
katnazz aħdar up here.

1614
01:15:53,000 --> 01:15:55,380
U jien jużaw ġdid
biżżejjed verżjoni tal Chrome

1615
01:15:55,380 --> 01:15:58,660
li ma nistax biss jitqiegħed xi
logo arbitrarju li jmiss għall-URL.

1616
01:15:58,660 --> 01:16:01,410
Issa, biss il sikura
icon imur hemmhekk jew le.

1617
01:16:01,410 --> 01:16:04,420
>> Iżda din hija assolutament bla sens hawn.

1618
01:16:04,420 --> 01:16:06,890
U aħna bnedmin jkomplu
jagħmlu dawn it-tipi ta 'żbalji.

1619
01:16:06,890 --> 01:16:09,650
Għaliex aħna tikkondizzjona l-poplu
biex tfittex ċerti cues

1620
01:16:09,650 --> 01:16:11,330
u jiddeduċu li jfisser minnhom.

1621
01:16:11,330 --> 01:16:13,520
Iżda għal darb'oħra, dik l-istess
tifsira tista 'tiġi abbużata.

1622
01:16:13,520 --> 01:16:15,654
>> Allura meta l-bini tal wieħed
websajt korporattiva stess,

1623
01:16:15,654 --> 01:16:17,320
dawn is-sinjali huma ġeneralment ħaġa ħażina.

1624
01:16:17,320 --> 01:16:19,430
U anki fl-emails, wisq,
għandna, bħala soċjetà,

1625
01:16:19,430 --> 01:16:22,340
nies kundizzjonati għal
ikklikkja links fuq emails.

1626
01:16:22,340 --> 01:16:26,080
U dan mhuwiex sorprendenti li ħażina
guys jibgħat emails foloz mill PayPal,

1627
01:16:26,080 --> 01:16:28,672
minn Bank of America b'rabtiet.

1628
01:16:28,672 --> 01:16:30,880
nies għaliex aħna ve mħarrġa
li ikklikkja links email.

1629
01:16:30,880 --> 01:16:33,530
>> Prattika ferm aħjar kieku
jkun għall-Bank tal-Amerika,

1630
01:16:33,530 --> 01:16:38,720
meta email klijenti tagħha, jgħidu biss,
jekk jogħġbok żur Bank of websajt Amerika

1631
01:16:38,720 --> 01:16:40,070
kmieni fil-konvenjenza tiegħek.

1632
01:16:40,070 --> 01:16:41,797
U ma jagħtux lin-nies il-URL.

1633
01:16:41,797 --> 01:16:43,880
Għaliex inkella, dawn qed
biss se ikklikkja dan.

1634
01:16:43,880 --> 01:16:44,580
Ħallieh għaddej.

1635
01:16:44,580 --> 01:16:48,460
Ħallihom tfittxija għal dan jew,
fil-fatt, mur dan manwalment.

1636
01:16:48,460 --> 01:16:50,450
>> Kull dritt, hekk daqsxejn
ta 'sidetrack hemmhekk.

1637
01:16:50,450 --> 01:16:54,620
Iżda l-għan hawnhekk kien li żebgħa-
stampa ta 'din is-sistema ta' fiduċja.

1638
01:16:54,620 --> 01:16:57,170
Bil-browsers, hemm
dawn l-affarijiet fid-dinja

1639
01:16:57,170 --> 01:17:00,450
imsejħa ċertifikat authorities--
kumpaniji, numru finit minnhom,

1640
01:17:00,450 --> 01:17:02,710
li huma permessi li
joħorġu ċertifikati SSL.

1641
01:17:02,710 --> 01:17:08,740
Jew, min-naħa tagħhom, huma permessi li
jivvalida kuntratturi oħra ta 'parti terza

1642
01:17:08,740 --> 01:17:10,244
li joħorġu ċertifikati SSL.

1643
01:17:10,244 --> 01:17:12,660
Jekk int mhux fuq dik il-lista,
għalkemm, inti tista matematikament

1644
01:17:12,660 --> 01:17:16,310
joħolqu dawn, in-numri bl-addoċċ kbar
li x-xogħol għall-kriptografija.

1645
01:17:16,310 --> 01:17:18,700
>> Imma l-browser huwa, ġeneralment,
ser Yell fi inti.

1646
01:17:18,700 --> 01:17:22,090
Fil-fatt, nista 'mmur għal sit?

1647
01:17:22,090 --> 01:17:22,710
Ħa nara.

1648
01:17:22,710 --> 01:17:24,940
Dan is-sit mhuwiex sigur.

1649
01:17:24,940 --> 01:17:30,070
Jekk aħna biss tfittex għal immaġni Google
hawn, inti tista 'tara l-iskrins bħal dan.

1650
01:17:30,070 --> 01:17:32,180
manifatturi browser
iżommu jinbidlu tagħhom.

1651
01:17:32,180 --> 01:17:34,040
>> Dan huwa tipikament dak li inti tara.

1652
01:17:34,040 --> 01:17:38,226
You see linja ħamra fil-URL,
fejn HTTPS huwa ngassata.

1653
01:17:38,226 --> 01:17:39,600
Għaliex dan huwa jippruvaw li tkun sigura.

1654
01:17:39,600 --> 01:17:41,040
Imma xi ħaġa għaddej.

1655
01:17:41,040 --> 01:17:44,090
U hawn huwa jgħid, "Din hija probabbilment
mhux il-post li qed tfittex! "

1656
01:17:44,090 --> 01:17:47,110
>> U dan huwa jew malizzjużi, jew
huwa minħabba misconfiguration.

1657
01:17:47,110 --> 01:17:50,940
Xi ħadd bl-użu tal-SSL ħażin
Ċertifikat fuq is-server għas-sit

1658
01:17:50,940 --> 01:17:53,276
li l-utent huwa
fil-fatt jippruvaw li jżuru.

1659
01:17:53,276 --> 01:17:56,520

1660
01:17:56,520 --> 01:17:58,870
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet?

1661
01:17:58,870 --> 01:18:03,600
>> Ukoll, ejja tagħti, qabel we break
għall-ikel, l-aħħar wieħed iħares lejn dak

1662
01:18:03,600 --> 01:18:05,650
jista 'jkun ġewwa ta' dawn pakketti.

1663
01:18:05,650 --> 01:18:08,434
Jien se jmorru ġo
tab browser nadif hawn.

1664
01:18:08,434 --> 01:18:09,350
U dan huwa karatteristika.

1665
01:18:09,350 --> 01:18:11,399
Jekk tuża Chrome, jew
aktar kwalunkwe browser oħra,

1666
01:18:11,399 --> 01:18:12,690
inti fil-fatt din il-karatteristika.

1667
01:18:12,690 --> 01:18:14,120
>> Jien se jmorru għall-Menu.

1668
01:18:14,120 --> 01:18:18,810
Jien se jmorru lejn Aktar
Għodod u Developer Tools.

1669
01:18:18,810 --> 01:18:21,450
Għalkemm jekk xi kultant ikollok
biex tippermetti dan il-menu speċjali.

1670
01:18:21,450 --> 01:18:23,400
U aħna ser tara aktar ta '
dan fi ftit.

1671
01:18:23,400 --> 01:18:25,090
>> U jien se jinżlu
hawn il-qiegħ tax-xellug.

1672
01:18:25,090 --> 01:18:26,580
U jien ser ikklikkja fuq Netwerk.

1673
01:18:26,580 --> 01:18:28,397
Allura dan huwa biss xi ħaġa
inġinier kieku

1674
01:18:28,397 --> 01:18:31,230
użu meta hu jew hi trid tfittex
taħt il-barnuża lejn dak li għaddej

1675
01:18:31,230 --> 01:18:34,400
fuq bejn browser u server.

1676
01:18:34,400 --> 01:18:35,710
>> U ejja imorru quddiem u tagħmel dan.

1677
01:18:35,710 --> 01:18:39,240
Jien ser tmur, ikklikkja Jippreserva Log.

1678
01:18:39,240 --> 01:18:41,760
Fi kliem ieħor, jien ridt li
tiffranka dak kollu li għaddej,

1679
01:18:41,760 --> 01:18:42,718
dak li aħna qed waslu biex jagħmlu.

1680
01:18:42,718 --> 01:18:49,850
U jien ser tip fil HTTP
kolon mmejla mmejla www.Stanford.edu

1681
01:18:49,850 --> 01:18:51,050
għal Stanford University.

1682
01:18:51,050 --> 01:18:53,500
Jien ser jerġa ċar
biss hekk aħna tista 'tibda frisk.

1683
01:18:53,500 --> 01:18:55,490
>> U here we go.

1684
01:18:55,490 --> 01:18:57,410
Allura hawnhekk huwa Stanford
home page-- mazz sħiħ

1685
01:18:57,410 --> 01:19:00,900
tat-test, mazz sħiħ ta 'stampi, forsi
xi videos, u xi għalf ieħor.

1686
01:19:00,900 --> 01:19:05,480
U din il-web page-- hawn,
Jien ser jerġgħu jitgħabbew issa.

1687
01:19:05,480 --> 01:19:07,980
Minħabba I kissru dan skond l-intestatura lura.

1688
01:19:07,980 --> 01:19:10,787
>> Din il-paġna web huwa miktub
f'lingwa imsejjaħ HTML

1689
01:19:10,787 --> 01:19:12,370
li aħna ser tagħti ħarsa fil-qosor lejn aktar tard.

1690
01:19:12,370 --> 01:19:14,459
U HTML ma tkunx lingwa ta 'programmar.

1691
01:19:14,459 --> 01:19:16,000
Huwa dak li sejjaħ lingwa markup.

1692
01:19:16,000 --> 01:19:18,490
Allura aħna ser tara huwa biss
sintassi Ingliż simili dik

1693
01:19:18,490 --> 01:19:21,615
jirrakkonta l-web page x'għandu look like,
liema kuluri għall-użu, liema test għall-użu,

1694
01:19:21,615 --> 01:19:22,440
u simili.

1695
01:19:22,440 --> 01:19:26,510
>> Iżda juicier Huwa f'dan
tab speċjali Developer,

1696
01:19:26,510 --> 01:19:29,620
I jista 'attwalment ara dak kollu li
biss marru fuq taħt il-barnuża.

1697
01:19:29,620 --> 01:19:34,010
Per eżempju, f'dan il-paġna tal-web,
dwar kemm stampi hemm?

1698
01:19:34,010 --> 01:19:39,940
Nara 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, fuq il-lemin, 11.

1699
01:19:39,940 --> 01:19:43,230
Allura hemm tużżana jew aktar
immaġini fuq din il-paġna tal-web.

1700
01:19:43,230 --> 01:19:47,010
>> Kull wieħed minn dawk l-immaġini huwa
fajl fuq web server Stanford.

1701
01:19:47,010 --> 01:19:49,950
U dan home page, miktuba
f'din il-lingwa imsejħa HTML,

1702
01:19:49,950 --> 01:19:52,960
huwa wkoll fajl fuq server web Stanford.

1703
01:19:52,960 --> 01:19:56,540
Għalhekk jirriżulta li browser
huwa intelliġenti biżżejjed biex tkun taf,

1704
01:19:56,540 --> 01:20:00,300
u aħna ser tara dan wara nofsinhar, meta inti
jirċievu l-home page ta 'websajt,

1705
01:20:00,300 --> 01:20:03,190
tħares lejn din il-lingwa HTML,
kif aħna ser dalwaqt tara.

1706
01:20:03,190 --> 01:20:07,170
>> U jekk tinnota l-ismijiet ta 'immaġini
ġewwa ta 'dan, mur jiksbu dawk ukoll.

1707
01:20:07,170 --> 01:20:09,850
Ibgħat talbiet addizzjonali,
pakketti addizzjonali.

1708
01:20:09,850 --> 01:20:14,560
Allura nistgħu gotten lura, issa,
wieħed, forsi 13 jew aktar pakketti

1709
01:20:14,560 --> 01:20:17,830
li jkun fih it-test, u immaġini, forsi
xi għalf ieħor li aħna, allura,

1710
01:20:17,830 --> 01:20:20,940
tiġbor ġewwa tal-browser tiegħi
biex tippreżenta din il-paġna tal-web kollu.

1711
01:20:20,940 --> 01:20:25,000
>> U avviż stabbiliti hawn
-ewwel ta 'dawk

1712
01:20:25,000 --> 01:20:30,810
kien talba biss għal kolon HTTP
slash mmejla www.Stanford.edu innifsu.

1713
01:20:30,810 --> 01:20:35,440
U jekk jien ikklikkja fuq din il-filliera, jien ser
biex tara xi informazzjoni pretty arcane.

1714
01:20:35,440 --> 01:20:37,960
Imma ħalluni iscroll isfel u
ara jekk I jistgħu jifhmu

1715
01:20:37,960 --> 01:20:39,990
eżattament x'inhu għaddej hawn.

1716
01:20:39,990 --> 01:20:44,920
>> Let me jagħmlu dan ftit akbar
hekk nistgħu naraw aktar fi żmien.

1717
01:20:44,920 --> 01:20:47,570
U Avviż dan.

1718
01:20:47,570 --> 01:20:52,040
Jekk I ikklikkja fuq View Sors, ​​dan
test hawn, li jien biss enfasizzat,

1719
01:20:52,040 --> 01:20:57,360
meta nibgħat, browser tiegħi tibgħatha
ewwel pakkett minn hawn fil-Cambridge

1720
01:20:57,360 --> 01:21:02,180
li Stanford, qal jagħtu me dar tiegħek
paġna, dak li hu ġewwa dan il-pakkett

1721
01:21:02,180 --> 01:21:04,520
huwa eżattament dak li stajt enfasizzat hemmhekk.

1722
01:21:04,520 --> 01:21:08,520
>> HTTP, hypertext transfer Protokoll,
huwa s-sett ta 'konvenzjonijiet

1723
01:21:08,520 --> 01:21:11,660
li web browser tuża meta
titlob paġni web ta 'server.

1724
01:21:11,660 --> 01:21:14,450
Hekk biss kif I milħuq barra
bl-idejn tiegħi biex Arwa qabel,

1725
01:21:14,450 --> 01:21:19,590
dan huwa l-ekwivalenti diġitali ta '
-browser tiegħi jilħaq diġitalment

1726
01:21:19,590 --> 01:21:22,760
biex web server Stanford, it-tqegħid
dan il-messaġġ ġewwa dan l-envelop.

1727
01:21:22,760 --> 01:21:25,500
L-aktar importanti
linja hija l-ewwel.

1728
01:21:25,500 --> 01:21:29,457
>> IKOLLOK huwa verb standard,
użat f'din il-Konvenzjoni,

1729
01:21:29,457 --> 01:21:31,290
li litteralment biss
tfisser jiksbu dan li ġej.

1730
01:21:31,290 --> 01:21:31,876
Get mmejla.

1731
01:21:31,876 --> 01:21:34,010
Slash huwa biss il-home default page.

1732
01:21:34,010 --> 01:21:35,660
Huwa xejn aktar speċifiku minn dak.

1733
01:21:35,660 --> 01:21:38,820
U tuża l-verżjoni
tal HTTP magħrufa bħala 1.1.

1734
01:21:38,820 --> 01:21:40,970
Huwa ltqajna xi aktar ġodda
Karatteristiċi minn 1.0 kellhom.

1735
01:21:40,970 --> 01:21:44,370
>> U t-tieni l-aktar importanti
line huwa dan one-- ospitanti kolon

1736
01:21:44,370 --> 01:21:46,050
dub dub dub dot Stanford.edu.

1737
01:21:46,050 --> 01:21:49,590
Meta semmejt qabel li firewall
tista 'tfittex ġewwa ta' l-envelop

1738
01:21:49,590 --> 01:21:52,990
u ċifra barra dak websajt hija qed
requested-- forsi huwa Facebook.

1739
01:21:52,990 --> 01:21:54,330
U aħna rridu li blacklist dan.

1740
01:21:54,330 --> 01:21:59,910
>> Ir-raġuni hija l-browser huwa ħafna ġentilment
tgħidilna, ġewwa l-pakkett, liema

1741
01:21:59,910 --> 01:22:01,380
li qed jirrekjedi.

1742
01:22:01,380 --> 01:22:04,370
U allura, hemm xi inqas interessanti
Jittieħed li l-aktar teknika.

1743
01:22:04,370 --> 01:22:07,840
Iżda ftit interessanti, jekk
mhux unnerving ftit fl-ewwel,

1744
01:22:07,840 --> 01:22:12,122
huwa li wkoll ġewwa dan il-pakkett
huwa apparentement liema informazzjoni?

1745
01:22:12,122 --> 01:22:13,185
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible].

1746
01:22:13,185 --> 01:22:15,310
DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, dak li
tip ta 'kompjuter jien.

1747
01:22:15,310 --> 01:22:16,370
So I jkollhom Mac.

1748
01:22:16,370 --> 01:22:19,940
Huwa taħdem Mac OS 10.11.2, jidher.

1749
01:22:19,940 --> 01:22:22,730
U jekk Naqra farther
isfel, huwa jirrakkonta l-server

1750
01:22:22,730 --> 01:22:25,470
li jien jużaw ċertu
verżjoni ta 'Chrome, fil-fatt.

1751
01:22:25,470 --> 01:22:26,762
>> Allura dak ħafif disconcerting.

1752
01:22:26,762 --> 01:22:29,470
Iżda ftit aktar disconcerting
għandha tkun l-fatt li jien diġà

1753
01:22:29,470 --> 01:22:30,990
qal Stanford dak l-indirizz IP tiegħi huwa.

1754
01:22:30,990 --> 01:22:34,450
Sabiex ikunu jistgħu diġà insemmu, forsi,
ftit aktar dwar me minn dik.

1755
01:22:34,450 --> 01:22:36,325
U allura, hemm xi
Jittieħed oħra hemmhekk wisq.

1756
01:22:36,325 --> 01:22:38,080
Issa, let me iscroll ftit.

1757
01:22:38,080 --> 01:22:40,830
Hawnhekk huwa dak Stanford wieġbu bi.

1758
01:22:40,830 --> 01:22:44,380
Ġewwa ta 'dan l-envelop
kien, l-ewwel u qabel kollox,

1759
01:22:44,380 --> 01:22:47,830
il-web page nnifisha, l-HTML li
Ser naraw aktar tard illum wara nofsinhar.

1760
01:22:47,830 --> 01:22:52,790
Iżda wkoll ġewwa envelop Stanford għal
me huwa kollox stajt enfasizzat hawn.

1761
01:22:52,790 --> 01:22:56,050
>> Il juiciest ta 'linji ta'
li hija l-aqwa, li jgħid,

1762
01:22:56,050 --> 01:22:59,140
OK, Yep, I jitkellmu HTTP 1.1.

1763
01:22:59,140 --> 01:23:02,290
200 huwa kodiċi istatus tiegħi, OK.

1764
01:23:02,290 --> 01:23:06,630
Issa, inti tista 'ma qatt rat il-
Numru 200 qabel, li jagħmel sens.

1765
01:23:06,630 --> 01:23:09,690
Minħabba 200, tabilħaqq,
tfisser OK, kollox huwa tajjeb.

1766
01:23:09,690 --> 01:23:13,920
>> Imma inti probabilment raw
numru, fuq il-web browser tiegħek, li

1767
01:23:13,920 --> 01:23:16,710
kienet mibgħuta lilek minn xi server
ġewwa ta 'pakkett li l-

1768
01:23:16,710 --> 01:23:17,690
mhux in-numru 200.

1769
01:23:17,690 --> 01:23:21,198
Dak in-numri jkunu inti
jidher li rebbiegħa f'moħħna?

1770
01:23:21,198 --> 01:23:22,152
>> UDJENZA: 404.

1771
01:23:22,152 --> 01:23:23,220
>> DAVID J. Malan: 404.

1772
01:23:23,220 --> 01:23:27,740
Mela jekk inti stajt qatt staqsiet fejn ikun
din il-konvenzjoni 404 li jkunu ġejjin minn, kollox

1773
01:23:27,740 --> 01:23:31,320
-affarijiet arcane li tgħid
lili, 404 fajl ma misjuba,

1774
01:23:31,320 --> 01:23:34,900
li sempliċiment ifisser li web server,
jekk inti titlob din il-paġna li ma

1775
01:23:34,900 --> 01:23:38,670
jeżistu, mhuwiex hemmhekk, fajls
ma tinstabx, dan il-messaġġ fil-blu

1776
01:23:38,670 --> 01:23:44,310
se ngħid HTTP
1.1 ispazju 404 ma sabet.

1777
01:23:44,310 --> 01:23:47,217
U avviżi browser tiegħek
li mbag, tippreżenta lilha

1778
01:23:47,217 --> 01:23:49,550
lilek, forsi fi ikbar
tipa, akbar, informazzjoni kuraġġużi

1779
01:23:49,550 --> 01:23:51,025
ma 'xi test ta' spjegazzjoni.

1780
01:23:51,025 --> 01:23:51,650
Imma li kollox.

1781
01:23:51,650 --> 01:23:54,358
>> U mbagħad, il-bqija tat-tagħrif
informazzjoni aktar arcane,

1782
01:23:54,358 --> 01:23:58,330
mis-server li inti, biss javżak
-browser tiegħek fejn ġew minn.

1783
01:23:58,330 --> 01:24:00,530
Kull talba waħda inti
jagħmlu fuq l-internet

1784
01:24:00,530 --> 01:24:02,740
fih informazzjoni bħal din.

1785
01:24:02,740 --> 01:24:05,200
Dan huwa kemm utli
għal raġunijiet tekniċi.

1786
01:24:05,200 --> 01:24:07,200
>> Huwa wkoll utli għall
login raġunijiet, li jkunu jafu

1787
01:24:07,200 --> 01:24:09,800
Min hu jżuru l-website tiegħek,
dak brawżer li qed tuża,

1788
01:24:09,800 --> 01:24:11,770
forsi dak browser
għandu jkun ottimizzat

1789
01:24:11,770 --> 01:24:13,820
-website tiegħek għal jekk kulħadd
jużaw Chrome dawn il-jiem.

1790
01:24:13,820 --> 01:24:15,910
Forsi inti m'għandekx bżonn għall-appoġġ
Internet Explorer aktar.

1791
01:24:15,910 --> 01:24:16,820
Kif inti taf li?

1792
01:24:16,820 --> 01:24:19,990
Tista 'biss log-informazzjoni kollha
thats ġejjin fil dawn it-talbiet.

1793
01:24:19,990 --> 01:24:22,830
>> Bil-maqlub, huwa ċar li dan
ifisser li kull darba

1794
01:24:22,830 --> 01:24:26,970
inti żżur xi websajt fuq l-internet,
mhux biss huma jafu l-indirizz IP tiegħek,

1795
01:24:26,970 --> 01:24:30,070
għaliex int tajt lilhom fil-
rokna tax-xellug tal-pakkett,

1796
01:24:30,070 --> 01:24:33,890
huma jafu wkoll x'hemm browser tiegħek
huwa, f'liema ġurnata ta 'żmien li huwa,

1797
01:24:33,890 --> 01:24:35,520
liema paġni li int titlob.

1798
01:24:35,520 --> 01:24:39,247
>> U dejjem aktar, speċjalment fuq
websajts li jkollhom reklami,

1799
01:24:39,247 --> 01:24:41,205
aktar tħassib hawnhekk hija
jekk inti ħadthom ltqajna kumpannija,

1800
01:24:41,205 --> 01:24:44,440
u dan huwa super komuni dawn
ġranet, li għandha tbiegħ reklami

1801
01:24:44,440 --> 01:24:47,660
għal din il-websajt, ejja
sejħa hija A.com, u wkoll

1802
01:24:47,660 --> 01:24:50,100
fuq din il-websajt, B.com,
u din il-websajt,

1803
01:24:50,100 --> 01:24:56,980
C.com, A u B u C.com jista 'ma jafux
li dawn ikollhom klijent komuni.

1804
01:24:56,980 --> 01:25:00,560
>> Imma jekk dan ta 'parti terza
kumpanija reklamar

1805
01:25:00,560 --> 01:25:05,082
huwa jara talbiet mill-istess PI
indirizz jżuru kemm A.com, B.com,

1806
01:25:05,082 --> 01:25:06,640
u C.com, għaliex?

1807
01:25:06,640 --> 01:25:10,490
Minħabba benesseri tas-server reklamar tal
talab biex iservu sa reklami għat-tliet

1808
01:25:10,490 --> 01:25:11,490
ta 'dawn is-siti.

1809
01:25:11,490 --> 01:25:14,270
U għalhekk, se jkun
sakemm bl-indirizz IP tiegħek

1810
01:25:14,270 --> 01:25:17,800
sabiex il-web page tiegħek,
-browser tiegħek jara l-ad.

1811
01:25:17,800 --> 01:25:20,330
>> Hemm dawn pitkala, hekk
biex jitkellmu, fuq l-internet li

1812
01:25:20,330 --> 01:25:24,080
jafu saħansitra aktar dwarek minn
-websajts li qed iżuru.

1813
01:25:24,080 --> 01:25:27,150
U Google huwa ċertament fost l
delinkwenti akbar, jew featurerers,

1814
01:25:27,150 --> 01:25:27,901
f'dan is-sens.

1815
01:25:27,901 --> 01:25:29,775
U fil-fatt, meta I
nsemmux server DNS tagħhom,

1816
01:25:29,775 --> 01:25:32,660
qabel ma inti tista 'taħseb l-ewwel
daqqa t'għajn, oh, din hija karatteristika handy.

1817
01:25:32,660 --> 01:25:34,661
Google jipprovdi d-dinja
ma 'server DNS ħielsa

1818
01:25:34,661 --> 01:25:36,285
li xi kultant jgħin lili isolvu problemi.

1819
01:25:36,285 --> 01:25:36,790
Mm mm.

1820
01:25:36,790 --> 01:25:40,430
Issa, int javżak Google mhux biss
kull paġna li qed tfittex għal,

1821
01:25:40,430 --> 01:25:42,880
imma kull paġna int ser direttament.

1822
01:25:42,880 --> 01:25:45,846
Għaliex inti qed tgħid, ħej,
Google, Irrid immur għal Z.com.

1823
01:25:45,846 --> 01:25:47,860
X'hemm indirizz IP tiegħu?

1824
01:25:47,860 --> 01:25:52,350
>> U dan kollu jeħodna għal dawn
talbiet sempliċi ħafna u tweġibiet

1825
01:25:52,350 --> 01:25:55,630
li konna issa tidher minn fuq għal isfel.

1826
01:25:55,630 --> 01:25:57,510
Allura għaliex ma we nieqaf hawn għal siegħa.

1827
01:25:57,510 --> 01:25:59,116
Ritorn lejn 01:30 għall-ikel.

1828
01:25:59,116 --> 01:26:00,490
Jien ser jisparixxu għal bit.

1829
01:26:00,490 --> 01:26:03,710
U aħna ser terġa 'tibda bil-idejn fuq
dehra u xi kunċetti aktar.

1830
01:26:03,710 --> 01:26:06,860
U kuntenti li twaħħal madwar, għal ftit
minuti, b'mistoqsijiet individwalment.

1831
01:26:06,860 --> 01:26:09,364