1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,499 2 00:00:00,499 --> 00:00:04,540 DAVID J. Malan: zote haki, hivyo swali kuu sasa, 3 00:00:04,540 --> 00:00:10,310 na tukaanza chini ya barabara hii kwa kuangalia yetu Dropbox, ni biashara. 4 00:00:10,310 --> 00:00:14,550 Hivyo basi mimi kujaribu kuuliza kubeba swali kwa makusudi. 5 00:00:14,550 --> 00:00:15,500 Nini ni biashara? 6 00:00:15,500 --> 00:00:18,340 7 00:00:18,340 --> 00:00:20,430 >> Hakika nyote kutumia It. 8 00:00:20,430 --> 00:00:21,287 >> Watazamaji: Network? 9 00:00:21,287 --> 00:00:22,370 DAVID J. Malan: mtandao? 10 00:00:22,370 --> 00:00:23,856 OK, ni nini mtandao? 11 00:00:23,856 --> 00:00:28,184 >> Watazamaji: kuunganishwa kati ya mifumo mbalimbali. 12 00:00:28,184 --> 00:00:31,100 DAVID J. Malan: Sawa, kuunganishwa kati ya watu tofauti na mifumo. 13 00:00:31,100 --> 00:00:33,430 Haki ya wote, na kile hufanya biashara biashara kama 14 00:00:33,430 --> 00:00:38,484 kinyume na tu mtandao kama tupate na katika tu jengo au darasani? 15 00:00:38,484 --> 00:00:39,400 Watazamaji: Ni kimataifa. 16 00:00:39,400 --> 00:00:39,810 DAVID J. Malan: Ni kimataifa. 17 00:00:39,810 --> 00:00:42,360 Haki ya wote, hivyo ni mtandao ya mitandao, kama wewe. 18 00:00:42,360 --> 00:00:46,720 uhusiano Internet denoting katika mitandao ya mtu binafsi. 19 00:00:46,720 --> 00:00:48,457 Na bila shaka, kuna huduma mbalimbali 20 00:00:48,457 --> 00:00:50,040 kwamba internet hutoa siku hizi. 21 00:00:50,040 --> 00:00:54,420 >> Kuna, bila shaka, duniani kote mtandao na ambayo sisi sote ni ukoo. 22 00:00:54,420 --> 00:00:56,560 Kuna huduma kama email. 23 00:00:56,560 --> 00:00:59,620 Huduma kuna ya kama kuzungumza au Google Chat. 24 00:00:59,620 --> 00:01:02,090 Au kuna mambo kama sauti ya juu IP. 25 00:01:02,090 --> 00:01:07,270 Kuna mambo kama Skype, na Google Hangouts, na FaceTime, na kadhalika. 26 00:01:07,270 --> 00:01:09,620 >> Na hivyo kuna layering hii dhana katika internet. 27 00:01:09,620 --> 00:01:12,390 Na hakika, hii pia ni dhana ya msingi 28 00:01:12,390 --> 00:01:15,650 katika sayansi ya kompyuta ya layering, au uchukuaji, 29 00:01:15,650 --> 00:01:17,407 ambapo kujenga jambo moja chini hapa. 30 00:01:17,407 --> 00:01:19,240 Basi, wewe kujenga kitu kingine juu yake, 31 00:01:19,240 --> 00:01:21,660 na kisha, kitu kingine juu yake, juu yake, juu yake. 32 00:01:21,660 --> 00:01:25,170 Na hivyo tutaweza kuona baadhi ya maonyesho ya kwamba katika mjadala huu na, pengine, 33 00:01:25,170 --> 00:01:26,600 wengine kusonga mbele. 34 00:01:26,600 --> 00:01:29,400 >> Basi hebu kuanza kuchora picha ya baadhi ya teknolojia 35 00:01:29,400 --> 00:01:33,040 wote karibu nasi na kuzingatia nini ni, pengine, katika nyumba zaidi ya kila mtu 36 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:35,900 hapa, na kutumia kama hatua ya kuondoka kwa ajili ya mazungumzo zaidi 37 00:01:35,900 --> 00:01:38,900 ujumla kuhusu jinsi yote ya mambo haya kazi, na baadhi ya masuala gani 38 00:01:38,900 --> 00:01:42,090 msingi kubuni maamuzi na kuwa wakati wa kujenga mitandao 39 00:01:42,090 --> 00:01:43,800 na wakati wa kutumia internet. 40 00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:48,680 Hivyo nyuma nyumbani, tutaweza kwenda nyuma kwa mbali yangu kidogo hapa. 41 00:01:48,680 --> 00:01:53,040 Pengine kuwa moja au zaidi kompyuta, na simu za labda moja au zaidi, 42 00:01:53,040 --> 00:01:55,504 kwamba ni kushikamana siku hizi kupitia Wi-Fi. 43 00:01:55,504 --> 00:01:57,170 Labda mara moja juu ya muda, alikuwa cable. 44 00:01:57,170 --> 00:02:00,020 Labda huna bado wana desktop kompyuta nyumbani ambayo ina cable. 45 00:02:00,020 --> 00:02:03,340 Lakini hadithi yetu siyo kweli kwenda na mabadiliko kiasi kwamba huko. 46 00:02:03,340 --> 00:02:06,400 >> Hapa ni kile kinachoitwa wingu, au internet. 47 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:11,620 Na kuna mashada ya mambo mengine kwenye mtandao kama Amazon.com, 48 00:02:11,620 --> 00:02:14,690 na Facebook, na Google, na Microsoft, na makampuni mengine kama 49 00:02:14,690 --> 00:02:16,990 kwenye mtandao, na hakika watu vilevile. 50 00:02:16,990 --> 00:02:21,660 Lakini kuna mengi yote ya mambo ambayo unaendelea kati ya wewe na biashara. 51 00:02:21,660 --> 00:02:23,770 >> Basi hebu tease kwanza mbali hiyo. 52 00:02:23,770 --> 00:02:30,260 Ni nini kompyuta yako, ikiwa wirelessly, kushikamana na nyumbani? 53 00:02:30,260 --> 00:02:34,402 Ni aina gani ya vifaa anapata kwenye mtandao siku hizi? 54 00:02:34,402 --> 00:02:35,290 >> Watazamaji: Router. 55 00:02:35,290 --> 00:02:36,331 >> DAVID J. Malan: router. 56 00:02:36,331 --> 00:02:40,840 Hivyo kuwa hii kifaa nyumbani aitwaye router, ambao lengo katika maisha, 57 00:02:40,840 --> 00:02:43,650 hatimaye, ni njia habari katika fomu rahisi. 58 00:02:43,650 --> 00:02:48,860 Kama hii ni biashara zaidi ya hapa, yako kompyuta ina mawasiliano kati ya hayo. 59 00:02:48,860 --> 00:02:51,280 Na router, wakati huo huo, kwa namna fulani ina kuunganishwa 60 00:02:51,280 --> 00:02:53,420 kati ya mapumziko ya biashara. 61 00:02:53,420 --> 00:02:55,800 >> Lakini kuna hata zaidi kinaendelea ndani ya hapa. 62 00:02:55,800 --> 00:02:57,760 Basi hebu kupiga mbizi katika undani kidogo. 63 00:02:57,760 --> 00:02:59,050 Unaweza kwenda nyumbani. 64 00:02:59,050 --> 00:03:03,110 Unaweza kufungua mfuniko mbali yako au kurejea kwenye desktop yako kwa mara ya kwanza kabisa, 65 00:03:03,110 --> 00:03:04,810 mara ya kwanza katika muda. 66 00:03:04,810 --> 00:03:06,340 Nini kinatokea? 67 00:03:06,340 --> 00:03:10,550 >> Ni aina gani ya hatua na kutokea kabla unaweza kweli 68 00:03:10,550 --> 00:03:12,260 kupata kwenye mtandao? 69 00:03:12,260 --> 00:03:13,540 Naam, ni zamu nje loo, yeah? 70 00:03:13,540 --> 00:03:14,500 Nakissa? 71 00:03:14,500 --> 00:03:15,163 Pole? 72 00:03:15,163 --> 00:03:15,990 >> Watazamaji: User ID. 73 00:03:15,990 --> 00:03:16,636 >> DAVID J. Malan: ID mtumiaji. 74 00:03:16,636 --> 00:03:18,344 Hivyo unaweza kuwa na kuingia kwenye kitu fulani. 75 00:03:18,344 --> 00:03:20,650 Pamoja na kwamba, kwa kawaida katika nyumbani, wengi kawaida 76 00:03:20,650 --> 00:03:22,320 hii ingekuwa tu kazi siku hizi. 77 00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:24,640 >> Lakini kama sisi tu kuona, katika mazingira kama vyuo vikuu, makampuni, 78 00:03:24,640 --> 00:03:25,431 una kuingia katika. 79 00:03:25,431 --> 00:03:28,320 Basi hebu kuepuka kuingia mazingira kwa sasa. 80 00:03:28,320 --> 00:03:30,000 Kushika ni rahisi. 81 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:31,380 >> Watazamaji: Open up browser. 82 00:03:31,380 --> 00:03:33,255 >> DAVID J. Malan: inaweza kufungua kivinjari. 83 00:03:33,255 --> 00:03:34,002 Au nini, Pat? 84 00:03:34,002 --> 00:03:35,252 >> Watazamaji: Idadi au nenosiri. 85 00:03:35,252 --> 00:03:36,960 DAVID J. Malan: Ah, idadi au nenosiri. 86 00:03:36,960 --> 00:03:39,251 Basi hebu kwenda kwa idadi, si sana nenosiri tu bado. 87 00:03:39,251 --> 00:03:41,880 Hebu si wasiwasi juu ya usalama kwa ajili ya majadiliano fulani. 88 00:03:41,880 --> 00:03:42,950 Lakini idadi. 89 00:03:42,950 --> 00:03:47,130 >> Hivyo, yeah, kwa kweli, kiasi kama zote ya nyumba zetu au jengo kama 90 00:03:47,130 --> 00:03:48,420 ina anwani ya kimwili. 91 00:03:48,420 --> 00:03:54,910 Jengo hili ni Mmoja Brattle Square katika Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA. 92 00:03:54,910 --> 00:04:00,400 anwani hiyo ya kipekee kubainisha sisi, katika nadharia, katika dunia nzima. 93 00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:01,360 >> Watazamaji: IP. 94 00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:04,710 >> DAVID J. Malan: anwani ya IP, hasa, ni Analog katika ulimwengu wa kompyuta 95 00:04:04,710 --> 00:04:07,700 kwamba kipekee anazungumzia kompyuta. 96 00:04:07,700 --> 00:04:13,159 Hivyo IP, au itifaki biashara mitaani, ni tu anwani nambari. 97 00:04:13,159 --> 00:04:15,450 Kompyuta kupendelea mambo ambayo ni kidogo rahisi, kwamba 98 00:04:15,450 --> 00:04:19,130 ni rahisi kusoma kuliko misemo muda mrefu kama One Brattle Square, Cambridge, 99 00:04:19,130 --> 00:04:20,110 Misa., Na kadhalika. 100 00:04:20,110 --> 00:04:24,560 >> Na hivyo IP ni idadi ya aina kitu 101 00:04:24,560 --> 00:04:29,160 dot dot kitu kitu dot kitu. 102 00:04:29,160 --> 00:04:33,890 Na kila mmoja wa somethings haya, kama ulionyehsa kwa pound ishara hapa, 103 00:04:33,890 --> 00:04:37,720 ni namba kati ya 0 na 255. 104 00:04:37,720 --> 00:04:40,510 Na hivyo ni nne-dotted decimal number-- kitu 105 00:04:40,510 --> 00:04:42,260 dot dot kitu kitu dot kitu. 106 00:04:42,260 --> 00:04:45,270 >> Na anwani hii numeric, katika nadharia, kipekee 107 00:04:45,270 --> 00:04:48,010 kubainisha kompyuta kwenye mtandao. 108 00:04:48,010 --> 00:04:50,420 Hivyo katika hatari ya oversimplifying, hebu sasa 109 00:04:50,420 --> 00:04:55,450 kudhani kwamba wakati mimi kuungana na Wi-Fi au kupitia cable, nyumbani, 110 00:04:55,450 --> 00:05:01,070 nyumba yangu router ni nini ni namna fulani kunipa anwani ya IP. 111 00:05:01,070 --> 00:05:03,690 Kwa sababu gone ni siku kwa sehemu kubwa, 112 00:05:03,690 --> 00:05:06,560 angalau ndani ya nchi hapa, ambapo wakati ishara 113 00:05:06,560 --> 00:05:11,000 kwa Comcast, au RCN, au yako ndani mtoa huduma ya internet, 114 00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:14,220 tena haina fundi na kuja nyumbani kwako na printout, 115 00:05:14,220 --> 00:05:19,020 na kisha kuwa wewe, au yake, au aina yake katika IP yako kushughulikia ndani ya kompyuta yako. 116 00:05:19,020 --> 00:05:21,200 >> Badala yake, hii yote ni aligundua dynamically. 117 00:05:21,200 --> 00:05:23,576 Wakati wa kufungua mbali yako mfuniko au kurejea kwenye kompyuta yako, 118 00:05:23,576 --> 00:05:26,158 kompyuta yako tu kuanza utangazaji ujumbe, kimsingi. 119 00:05:26,158 --> 00:05:26,900 Inasema, hello. 120 00:05:26,900 --> 00:05:27,610 Mimi nina macho. 121 00:05:27,610 --> 00:05:29,550 lazima anwani yangu ya IP kuwa nini? 122 00:05:29,550 --> 00:05:32,640 >> Na kusudi katika maisha ya nyumbani router siku hizi, kati yao, 123 00:05:32,640 --> 00:05:35,260 ni kukupa hasa moja ya anwani hizi. 124 00:05:35,260 --> 00:05:39,630 Na utaratibu ambao ni gani hivyo, tu kwa tease mbali baadhi jargon, 125 00:05:39,630 --> 00:05:42,660 inaitwa DHCP server. 126 00:05:42,660 --> 00:05:45,497 Dhana njia ya kusema Dynamic Mwenyeji wa Itifaki Configuration. 127 00:05:45,497 --> 00:05:47,205 Ni tu kweli dhana njia ya kusema hayo 128 00:05:47,205 --> 00:05:52,640 ni kipande cha programu mbio ndani ya nyumba router yetu 129 00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:54,700 kwamba, juu ya kusikia hodi yako request--. 130 00:05:54,700 --> 00:05:55,480 Mimi nina online. 131 00:05:55,480 --> 00:05:58,214 Tafadhali nipe IP address-- anajibu kwa hasa kwamba. 132 00:05:58,214 --> 00:06:01,380 Na ni atakwambia kutumia kitu dot kitu dot kitu dot kitu. 133 00:06:01,380 --> 00:06:04,057 Na kisha, Mac yako au PC gani hasa kwamba. 134 00:06:04,057 --> 00:06:05,890 Na tu kufanya hii zaidi kidogo ya saruji 135 00:06:05,890 --> 00:06:09,620 kabla ya sisi kuchukua swali lako, juu ya Mac OS, na kuna 136 00:06:09,620 --> 00:06:15,100 kulinganishwa dirisha katika Madirisha, kama mimi kwenda Network, 137 00:06:15,100 --> 00:06:18,280 Mimi kweli anaweza kuona hapa kwamba mbali yangu ni kushikamana 138 00:06:18,280 --> 00:06:20,080 Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard, ambayo ni Wi-Fi, 139 00:06:20,080 --> 00:06:23,870 na ina anwani ya IP 10.254.25.237. 140 00:06:23,870 --> 00:06:27,560 >> Kama mimi nina zaidi curious, siwezi click Advanced juu ya Mac yangu. 141 00:06:27,560 --> 00:06:31,660 Siwezi kwenda hadi TCP / IP. 142 00:06:31,660 --> 00:06:37,030 Na taarifa ya nini ni sasa ukoo, labda. 143 00:06:37,030 --> 00:06:40,040 Nini itifaki, nini kipengele ni mbali yangu kwa kutumia 144 00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:43,010 kufanya nini hasa tumekuwa ilivyoelezwa tu? 145 00:06:43,010 --> 00:06:43,842 DHCP. 146 00:06:43,842 --> 00:06:44,800 Siwezi hata mabadiliko hayo. 147 00:06:44,800 --> 00:06:46,508 Kwa sababu tayari nina kimeundwa hivi sasa. 148 00:06:46,508 --> 00:06:47,610 Ni imefungwa, kuweka hii. 149 00:06:47,610 --> 00:06:50,410 Lakini kompyuta yangu kimeundwa kutumia DHCP. 150 00:06:50,410 --> 00:06:54,300 Na inaonekana kama nini Harvard ya DHCP server 151 00:06:54,300 --> 00:07:01,062 amenipa ni IP address-- na 254.25.237-- subnet mask, 152 00:07:01,062 --> 00:07:02,270 ambayo sisi si kwenda katika leo. 153 00:07:02,270 --> 00:07:04,580 >> Lakini subnet mask ni tu idadi ya ziada 154 00:07:04,580 --> 00:07:06,590 kwamba unasema nini mtandao uko juu. 155 00:07:06,590 --> 00:07:07,747 Labda ni chumba huu. 156 00:07:07,747 --> 00:07:09,080 Labda ni jengo tofauti. 157 00:07:09,080 --> 00:07:10,704 Labda ni sehemu mbalimbali za Harvard. 158 00:07:10,704 --> 00:07:13,600 Ni njia ya segmenting mtandao wa ndani. 159 00:07:13,600 --> 00:07:16,270 >> Router, neno sauti ukoo. 160 00:07:16,270 --> 00:07:18,320 Kwa sababu tulikuwa tu kuzungumza kuhusu suala hilo hapa. 161 00:07:18,320 --> 00:07:21,070 Na hata kama mimi nina juu ya Harvard ya mtandao, si kama mtandao wa nyumbani, 162 00:07:21,070 --> 00:07:23,250 kanuni bado ni sawa hapa. 163 00:07:23,250 --> 00:07:28,620 >> Harvard pia aliniambia IP pepe ya 10.254.16.1 router--. 164 00:07:28,620 --> 00:07:32,920 Na kama kando, kwa ujumla kama mkataba huo, lakini siyo anahitajika, 165 00:07:32,920 --> 00:07:38,250 router ya IP gani huwa na mwisho na .1, ambayo ni muhimu ishara, 166 00:07:38,250 --> 00:07:39,420 tu kujua hii. 167 00:07:39,420 --> 00:07:41,610 Basi je, mambo hayo nini? 168 00:07:41,610 --> 00:07:45,800 >> anuani IPv4, toleo la 4, ambayo ni aina ya wakubwa lakini maarufu 169 00:07:45,800 --> 00:07:49,760 toleo la itifaki biashara siku hizi, ni anwani hiyo. 170 00:07:49,760 --> 00:07:50,980 Mimi nimepata router. 171 00:07:50,980 --> 00:07:53,920 Basi kwa nini nahitaji kujua anwani router ya? 172 00:07:53,920 --> 00:07:55,880 >> Je, si ni inatosha kujua ambapo mimi ni nani? 173 00:07:55,880 --> 00:07:57,946 174 00:07:57,946 --> 00:08:00,112 Watazamaji: Hiyo ni [inaudible] kuhusiana na swali langu. 175 00:08:00,112 --> 00:08:02,354 Hivyo kama una mbili ruta katika chumba kimoja 176 00:08:02,354 --> 00:08:04,595 ili tuweze kupata kushikamana kwa kila mmoja, basi 177 00:08:04,595 --> 00:08:06,504 kupata tofauti IP anuani sababu ni 178 00:08:06,504 --> 00:08:07,832 kwenda kuhusishwa na mtandao. 179 00:08:07,832 --> 00:08:09,390 >> DAVID J. Malan: Ah, hivyo hii ni mahali ambapo sisi kweli 180 00:08:09,390 --> 00:08:12,240 kuwa na kuanza teasing mbali kile tunachomaanisha na router. 181 00:08:12,240 --> 00:08:14,910 Kwa sababu mrefu, hakika katika soko la walaji, ni overused. 182 00:08:14,910 --> 00:08:17,680 Hivyo katika chumba hii peke yake, sisi una nini watu wengi bila 183 00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:19,790 kuwaita ruta mbili, hizi mambo na antena 184 00:08:19,790 --> 00:08:21,960 na taa ya bluu juu ya ama upande wa ukuta. 185 00:08:21,960 --> 00:08:25,087 >> Lakini router, katika kesi hii, wao siyo. 186 00:08:25,087 --> 00:08:26,420 Haya si kabisa nyumbani ruta. 187 00:08:26,420 --> 00:08:29,640 Lakini hebu tu tuseme, kwa unyenyekevu, sisi kufanya kuwa na mambo mawili hayo hapa. 188 00:08:29,640 --> 00:08:33,500 Kama alikuwa na pointi mbili kupata, kama wao ni vizuri zaidi wito 189 00:08:33,500 --> 00:08:37,789 kwa sababu ya antennas-- a wireless kupata uhakika au AP-- 190 00:08:37,789 --> 00:08:41,309 wanapaswa kuwa kimeundwa katika kwa njia hiyo wao, kwa upande wake, kuungana 191 00:08:41,309 --> 00:08:45,420 kwa kifaa moja kuu, ambao lengo katika maisha ni kufanya kile wewe ni kuelezea, 192 00:08:45,420 --> 00:08:46,840 kutoa nje anwani ya IP. 193 00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:49,160 >> Kama alifanya na wawili hawa aina ya vifaa nyumbani, 194 00:08:49,160 --> 00:08:53,950 labda mbili Linksys, vifaa mbili D-Link vifaa, wawili Uwanja wa Ndege Extremes nyumbani, 195 00:08:53,950 --> 00:08:55,290 au uwanja wa ndege linaonyesha. 196 00:08:55,290 --> 00:08:57,440 Unaweza configure zote wa bidhaa hizo, hata 197 00:08:57,440 --> 00:09:00,720 kama una mbili kufanana mifano, kufanya moja ya msingi, 198 00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:02,390 na kisha nyingine sekondari. 199 00:09:02,390 --> 00:09:04,717 Hivyo kwamba wewe kukimbia waya kati yao, kawaida, 200 00:09:04,717 --> 00:09:07,050 au una mtu kuja kufanya ni kwa ajili yenu nyuma ya kuta. 201 00:09:07,050 --> 00:09:08,320 >> Na kisha, moja ni ya msingi. 202 00:09:08,320 --> 00:09:11,780 Moja ni malipo ya kutoa nje anwani ya IP. 203 00:09:11,780 --> 00:09:14,610 Na mtu mwingine ni tu kuwajibika kwa ajili ya kuendeleza 204 00:09:14,610 --> 00:09:16,510 mbalimbali za ishara yako wireless. 205 00:09:16,510 --> 00:09:18,990 Kwa kweli, nyumbani nina mambo mawili hayo. 206 00:09:18,990 --> 00:09:21,220 >> Sisi katika ofisi zetu tano mambo kama hayo, ambayo yote 207 00:09:21,220 --> 00:09:22,470 ni kimwili wired pamoja. 208 00:09:22,470 --> 00:09:24,470 Lakini ni tu kutupa zaidi wireless chanjo. 209 00:09:24,470 --> 00:09:26,570 Lakini mmoja wao ni katika malipo. 210 00:09:26,570 --> 00:09:30,500 >> OK, hivyo kwa kuwa alisema, kwa nini Mac yangu katika chumba hiki hivi sasa, 211 00:09:30,500 --> 00:09:34,430 haja ya kujua nini IP pepe ya router ni? 212 00:09:34,430 --> 00:09:37,234 Je, si ni wa kutosha tu kuambiwa anwani yangu ni nani? 213 00:09:37,234 --> 00:09:38,400 Watazamaji: Lakini inaweza kubadilika. 214 00:09:38,400 --> 00:09:40,969 Kama wewe kupata kushikamana na VPN, ni kwenda kuwa tofauti. 215 00:09:40,969 --> 00:09:44,010 DAVID J. Malan: Oh, sasa unatumia neno lingine Sijui yet-- VPN. 216 00:09:44,010 --> 00:09:44,750 Basi hebu kwenda huko. 217 00:09:44,750 --> 00:09:46,300 Kwa sababu VPN ya kwenda magumu. 218 00:09:46,300 --> 00:09:50,640 Mimi nataka tu kupata, na umri mdogo me anataka kupata kwenye mtandao hivi sasa. 219 00:09:50,640 --> 00:09:53,715 Naam, hii kweli inakaribisha swali, jinsi gani biashara ya kazi? 220 00:09:53,715 --> 00:09:55,200 >> Haki ya wote, niweze kuwa ya mahali. 221 00:09:55,200 --> 00:09:56,590 Hayo ni yote faini na nzuri. 222 00:09:56,590 --> 00:09:58,590 Lakini kwa nini nina anuani? 223 00:09:58,590 --> 00:10:01,665 >> Naam, hebu fikiria nini kweli kinachoendelea kwenye mtandao. 224 00:10:01,665 --> 00:10:04,740 Mimi itabidi kutumia tofauti picha kwa muda. 225 00:10:04,740 --> 00:10:12,930 Na katika biashara halisi, tupate kuwa na mimi juu hapa kwenye laptop yangu. 226 00:10:12,930 --> 00:10:15,160 Tupate kuwa na biashara zaidi ya hapa. 227 00:10:15,160 --> 00:10:20,460 Na kisha, tupate kuwa, hebu kusema, Amazon.com wakati huu. 228 00:10:20,460 --> 00:10:22,150 >> Na hii ni mimi. 229 00:10:22,150 --> 00:10:26,440 Na, kwa namna fulani, nataka kuungana na Amazon.com, kwa njia ya mtandao, 230 00:10:26,440 --> 00:10:30,710 na kupata data zangu kutoka kiwango A kwa uhakika B. Au mimi nadhani, katika Amazon, 231 00:10:30,710 --> 00:10:32,840 kutoka kiwango A kwa uhakika Z katika kesi Amazon. 232 00:10:32,840 --> 00:10:35,410 >> Kwa hiyo kile ni ndani ya biashara ya hili? 233 00:10:35,410 --> 00:10:39,450 Ni zinageuka, kuna nzima rundo la mambo kuitwa ruta. 234 00:10:39,450 --> 00:10:41,000 Na sasa, tuko kuchanganya suala. 235 00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:43,442 Lakini tutaweza kuona jinsi hata nyumbani ruta yanahusiana na dots 236 00:10:43,442 --> 00:10:44,900 kwamba nimepata tu inayotolewa kwenye screen. 237 00:10:44,900 --> 00:10:48,429 >> router kwenye mtandao ni kwa ujumla kama kifaa kati. 238 00:10:48,429 --> 00:10:49,720 Siyo kama mainframe zamani. 239 00:10:49,720 --> 00:10:53,234 Lakini ni kifaa kwamba pengine huu pana, labda hii mrefu, labda hii mrefu, 240 00:10:53,234 --> 00:10:53,900 labda hii marefu. 241 00:10:53,900 --> 00:10:55,870 Inategemea jinsi ghali mfano una. 242 00:10:55,870 --> 00:10:59,203 >> Na ni got mengi ya nyaya kuja katika yake na mengi ya nyaya kwenda nje ya hiyo. 243 00:10:59,203 --> 00:11:02,980 Na katika hatari ya oversimplifying, wewe Unaweza kufikiri ya kusudi router katika maisha 244 00:11:02,980 --> 00:11:08,540 kama kuwa kuchukua katika data kutoka cable hii hapa, kuangalia taarifa hiyo ni 245 00:11:08,540 --> 00:11:10,130 kuja katika, na kuangalia anwani yake. 246 00:11:10,130 --> 00:11:13,240 Ambapo ni habari hii kupelekwa? 247 00:11:13,240 --> 00:11:15,660 Na kisha kusema, OK, mimi nina kwenda kutuma hii pamoja kwa njia hii. 248 00:11:15,660 --> 00:11:17,660 Kama mimi kupata kipande kingine wa habari zaidi ya hapa, 249 00:11:17,660 --> 00:11:19,160 ni zinazopelekwa kwa anuani ya barua tofauti. 250 00:11:19,160 --> 00:11:21,400 Mimi nina kwenda kutuma hii njia, badala yake, up cable hii. 251 00:11:21,400 --> 00:11:23,180 Na kama mimi kuona kipande kingine wa habari zinazopelekwa 252 00:11:23,180 --> 00:11:25,980 kwa maana bado anwani tofauti, mimi nina kwenda kutuma nje cable hii, 253 00:11:25,980 --> 00:11:26,940 zaidi kwa njia hii. 254 00:11:26,940 --> 00:11:30,440 >> Hivyo router ya kusudi katika maisha ni kweli njia habari. 255 00:11:30,440 --> 00:11:34,740 Na katika ni namna rahisi, router tu ana big Excel file ndani yake 256 00:11:34,740 --> 00:11:38,181 kwamba anasema anwani yoyote IP kuanzia na idadi 1, kutuma kwa njia hii. 257 00:11:38,181 --> 00:11:40,680 anwani yoyote IP kuanzia na namba 2, kutuma kwa njia hii. 258 00:11:40,680 --> 00:11:41,804 Namba 3, kutuma kwa njia hii. 259 00:11:41,804 --> 00:11:43,460 Namba 4, kutuma kwa njia hiyo. 260 00:11:43,460 --> 00:11:47,080 >> Oversimplifying, lakini inatumia namba hizo na, hasa, 261 00:11:47,080 --> 00:11:50,990 prefixes ya idadi, kwa kawaida, kuamua kwenda kushoto, kulia, nyuma, 262 00:11:50,990 --> 00:11:51,742 mbele. 263 00:11:51,742 --> 00:11:54,700 Kwa sababu router, kawaida, ana uhusiano nyingi kwa ruta nyingine. 264 00:11:54,700 --> 00:11:56,920 Kwa kweli, nimekuwa si inayotolewa yao hapa. 265 00:11:56,920 --> 00:12:01,560 >> Lakini unaweza kufikiria hili kuwa mtandao, si kwa kuchanganyikiwa na mtandao sisi kutumia, 266 00:12:01,560 --> 00:12:06,740 lakini mtandao wa vifaa, ambayo yote ni unahusiana sana kwa makusudi hivyo. 267 00:12:06,740 --> 00:12:09,810 Kwa kweli, asili ya biashara ni wa Jeshi katika kubuni. 268 00:12:09,810 --> 00:12:14,350 Na moja ya kanuni kubuni ni kwamba kama router, au mbaya, mji 269 00:12:14,350 --> 00:12:17,550 vilivyotolewa katika jeshi maana, unataka data kuwa 270 00:12:17,550 --> 00:12:19,260 uwezo wa safari kuzunguka tatizo hilo. 271 00:12:19,260 --> 00:12:22,670 >> Na hivyo kile kinachotokea wakati mimi kutuma kuomba Amazon.com ajili ya nyumba zao 272 00:12:22,670 --> 00:12:27,080 ukurasa, data yangu ili kuondoka yangu kompyuta, kwenda router yangu msingi, 273 00:12:27,080 --> 00:12:29,580 au default gateway kama ni mara nyingi kuitwa. 274 00:12:29,580 --> 00:12:34,200 Kisha, labda kwamba router ataamua kutuma hapa, hapa, hapa, hapa, hapa, 275 00:12:34,200 --> 00:12:37,770 hapa, hapa, na kisha katika njia yake ya Amazon. 276 00:12:37,770 --> 00:12:40,540 >> Na kwamba alikuwa njia holela nilitoa. 277 00:12:40,540 --> 00:12:45,620 Lakini nini vyema ijulikane kuhusu mstari nyekundu mimi tu akauchomoa? 278 00:12:45,620 --> 00:12:48,330 Jinsi gani unaweza kuelezea hilo? 279 00:12:48,330 --> 00:12:49,710 >> Watazamaji: Ni si kuelekeza. 280 00:12:49,710 --> 00:12:51,043 >> DAVID J. Malan: Ni si kuelekeza. 281 00:12:51,043 --> 00:12:57,880 Hivyo kinyume na msemo maarufu, "The umbali mfupi kati ya pointi mbili 282 00:12:57,880 --> 00:13:00,980 ni mstari sawa, "siyo lazima kweli kwenye mtandao 283 00:13:00,980 --> 00:13:02,780 linapokuja suala la routing habari. 284 00:13:02,780 --> 00:13:05,980 Kwa sababu ya umbali wa kijiografia si lazima ujazo tu 285 00:13:05,980 --> 00:13:07,030 unaowajali. 286 00:13:07,030 --> 00:13:11,530 Badala yake, kile kingine inaweza serikali nini mwelekeo data inapaswa kuchukua ili 287 00:13:11,530 --> 00:13:13,564 kupata kutoka kiwango A kwa uhakika B? 288 00:13:13,564 --> 00:13:14,230 Watazamaji: Kasi? 289 00:13:14,230 --> 00:13:15,146 DAVID J. Malan: Kasi. 290 00:13:15,146 --> 00:13:20,550 Hivyo ni zamu nje unaweza configure router kwa neema uhusiano kasi zaidi. 291 00:13:20,550 --> 00:13:22,960 Hata kama unaweza kuwa na kwenda mia chache maili ya ziada, 292 00:13:22,960 --> 00:13:25,870 labda ni tu kwa kasi ya kwenda kwa njia hii kuliko juu, labda, 293 00:13:25,870 --> 00:13:29,100 uhusiano satellite umri wa shule njia hii tu kupata kutoka hatua moja 294 00:13:29,100 --> 00:13:29,600 na mwingine. 295 00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:32,571 Haina hata kuwa vifaa kimwili juu ya ardhi. 296 00:13:32,571 --> 00:13:35,070 Ni inaweza kuwa vifaa kimwili katika anga, kwa mfano, au hata 297 00:13:35,070 --> 00:13:37,200 chini ya maji siku hizi, ama kadhalika. 298 00:13:37,200 --> 00:13:38,420 >> Hivyo hiyo ni kweli. 299 00:13:38,420 --> 00:13:42,814 Nini kingine inaweza kulazimisha kwamba kampuni hiyo, mtoa huduma ya internet, au ISP, 300 00:13:42,814 --> 00:13:45,855 unataka kutuma data kwa njia hii badala ya kwa njia hiyo, hata kama ni mbali zaidi? 301 00:13:45,855 --> 00:13:50,470 302 00:13:50,470 --> 00:13:54,960 >> Naam, ni zamu nje ya njia internet yenyewe ni serikali kibiashara 303 00:13:54,960 --> 00:13:57,770 ni kwamba kuna mengi ya kubwa wachezaji nje hapa kwenye mtandao, 304 00:13:57,770 --> 00:14:02,327 kama ni Comcast, au Verizon, au Level 3, au zaidi arcane majina kwamba 305 00:14:02,327 --> 00:14:04,910 wanaweza kuwa na habari za lakini hiyo ni miundombinu uungwana big 306 00:14:04,910 --> 00:14:09,240 makampuni ambayo kutunga biashara ya backbone-- wiring, ruta, 307 00:14:09,240 --> 00:14:11,930 cabling kwamba wewe tu si kweli kuona au huduma ya juu. 308 00:14:11,930 --> 00:14:14,820 Kwa sababu ni wote katika ndani ya kukimbia kibiashara. 309 00:14:14,820 --> 00:14:17,010 >> Naam, kuna mambo aitwaye peering pointi 310 00:14:17,010 --> 00:14:20,320 ambapo ISP kubwa wanaweza kuwa na baadhi server, 311 00:14:20,320 --> 00:14:22,950 wanaweza kuwa na baadhi ruta na baadhi nyaya katika kituo cha data. 312 00:14:22,950 --> 00:14:25,000 Na ISPs mwingine anaweza kuwa sawa. 313 00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:27,820 Na ISPs mwingine anaweza kuwa sawa zote ndani ya kituo cha data hiyo. 314 00:14:27,820 --> 00:14:28,740 >> Na intraconnect. 315 00:14:28,740 --> 00:14:31,970 Ni peering hatua katika hivyo Mbali kama wote kuungana. 316 00:14:31,970 --> 00:14:33,240 Hiyo ambapo wenzao kuungana. 317 00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:35,350 >> Na kwa asili ya mipango ya fedha, ni 318 00:14:35,350 --> 00:14:38,740 inaweza kuwa kesi hiyo Comcast ina kimekubali kupeleka kama kiasi ya data wake 319 00:14:38,740 --> 00:14:41,830 kama inaweza njia hii badala ya njia hii. 320 00:14:41,830 --> 00:14:43,740 Kwa sababu, labda, muuzaji juu hapa ni kwenda 321 00:14:43,740 --> 00:14:48,089 malipo yao zaidi kwa gigabyte kwa kutuma data zao juu katika upande huo. 322 00:14:48,089 --> 00:14:51,130 Hivyo inaweza kuwa maamuzi ya kifedha zinazoongoza ambayo mwelekeo mambo kwenda. 323 00:14:51,130 --> 00:14:54,270 >> Ni inaweza kuwa tu utendaji maana, hata zaidi ya kawaida. 324 00:14:54,270 --> 00:14:55,450 Ruta kupata overloaded. 325 00:14:55,450 --> 00:14:57,430 Kama kuna mengi ya watu kupata nyumbani katika 5:00 326 00:14:57,430 --> 00:15:00,860 na kuanza kupata kwenye mtandao, labda kuna msongamano kwenye mtandao. 327 00:15:00,860 --> 00:15:03,380 Na algorithms, programu mbio juu ruta, 328 00:15:03,380 --> 00:15:05,590 ujumla watasema, kama mimi kuanza kupata overloaded, 329 00:15:05,590 --> 00:15:08,030 Mimi wanapaswa kutoa baadhi ya maoni kwa ruta nyingine karibu yangu 330 00:15:08,030 --> 00:15:10,400 ili waweze, hopefully, kwenda katika mwelekeo mwingine, 331 00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:12,560 kiasi kama ungependa kuepuka msongamano wa magari. 332 00:15:12,560 --> 00:15:16,540 >> Hivyo hii si wote kwamba uwezekano wa njia ambayo data inaweza kuchukua kutoka kiwango A 333 00:15:16,540 --> 00:15:18,920 kwa uhakika B. Na katika kweli, unaweza ujumla 334 00:15:18,920 --> 00:15:23,080 kudhani kuwa data yako ni kwenda kuchukua 30 au wachache kama humle kutoka kiwango A 335 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:27,340 kwa uhakika B. Hiyo ni huenda kuna kama wengi kama 30 au hivyo ruta kati ya wewe 336 00:15:27,340 --> 00:15:28,400 na uhakika B. 337 00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:29,850 >> Na tunaweza, wakati mwingine, kuona hili. 338 00:15:29,850 --> 00:15:31,820 Hebu nione kama mtandao hapa inashirikiana. 339 00:15:31,820 --> 00:15:35,000 Vinginevyo, mimi itabidi kujaribu mfano tofauti. 340 00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:38,170 Napenda kuona kama naweza kufanya hivyo kwenye mtandao huu. 341 00:15:38,170 --> 00:15:38,950 Na naweza. 342 00:15:38,950 --> 00:15:47,310 >> Hivyo mimi kukimbia tu, napenda kurahisisha matokeo yangu kidogo. 343 00:15:47,310 --> 00:15:52,640 Mimi nina kwenda kufanya si kwamba. 344 00:15:52,640 --> 00:15:53,910 Hapa, OK. 345 00:15:53,910 --> 00:15:57,106 >> Hivyo mimi nina kwenda kufanya yafuatayo amri inayoitwa traceroute. 346 00:15:57,106 --> 00:15:58,480 Hivyo sasa hivi, mimi nina tu juu ya Mac yangu. 347 00:15:58,480 --> 00:16:01,146 Mimi niko katika shule zamani nyeusi na nyeupe interface, hakuna kitu kama DOS 348 00:16:01,146 --> 00:16:01,860 kutoka yesteryear. 349 00:16:01,860 --> 00:16:03,720 Lakini nataka tu kuona baadhi textual pato. 350 00:16:03,720 --> 00:16:06,050 >> Na mimi, literally, hapa Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard 351 00:16:06,050 --> 00:16:10,650 wanataka kuwaeleza njia kati ya mimi na www.cnn.com. 352 00:16:10,650 --> 00:16:13,077 Basi hebu angalia nini kinatokea sasa wakati mimi hit Enter. 353 00:16:13,077 --> 00:16:15,410 rundo zima ya mambo kuanza flashing juu ya screen. 354 00:16:15,410 --> 00:16:18,090 >> Na hebu angalia kama hatuwezi kufanya baadhi ya hisia ya hii. 355 00:16:18,090 --> 00:16:22,720 Hivyo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, na ni aina ya kunyongwa hivi sasa. 356 00:16:22,720 --> 00:16:24,930 Tutaweza kuona kama ni tamati mchakato huu au la. 357 00:16:24,930 --> 00:16:27,900 Ni zinageuka kuwa kila mmoja mistari ya pato, juu ya screen, 358 00:16:27,900 --> 00:16:29,380 kuwakilisha kitu. 359 00:16:29,380 --> 00:16:32,170 Na kulingana na kuongoza yetu majadiliano hivi sasa, 360 00:16:32,170 --> 00:16:36,500 nini kila mmoja mistari haya ya pato, namba 1 hadi 11 kwa wakati huu, 361 00:16:36,500 --> 00:16:37,430 kuwakilisha? 362 00:16:37,430 --> 00:16:38,614 >> Watazamaji: Different ruta. 363 00:16:38,614 --> 00:16:41,280 DAVID J. Malan: Different ruta, dots tofauti juu ya screen. 364 00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:43,196 Na hivyo kile mpango huu, traceroute, ni kufanya 365 00:16:43,196 --> 00:16:45,760 ni ni literally hazieleweki Njia baina yangu na CNN.com. 366 00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:52,160 Hivyo katika kesi hii, hatua ya 1 ni, inaonekana, router ambao IP ni nini? 367 00:16:52,160 --> 00:16:54,229 >> Watazamaji: [inaudible] 368 00:16:54,229 --> 00:16:56,520 DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, lakini hasa, anwani yake IP. 369 00:16:56,520 --> 00:16:58,040 Kumbuka, anwani yake IP ni nambari. 370 00:16:58,040 --> 00:17:00,520 Hivyo tu kuhakikisha tuko zote katika ukurasa huo huo, nini 371 00:17:00,520 --> 00:17:03,360 anwani ya IP ya kwanza router kati ya mimi na Harvard? 372 00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:06,800 I mean, sorry, kati ya mimi na CNN? 373 00:17:06,800 --> 00:17:07,691 >> Watazamaji: [inaudible] 374 00:17:07,691 --> 00:17:08,690 DAVID J. Malan: Perfect. 375 00:17:08,690 --> 00:17:09,670 Watazamaji: [inaudible] 376 00:17:09,670 --> 00:17:10,180 DAVID J. Malan: Hasa. 377 00:17:10,180 --> 00:17:12,170 Sisi ni inferring tu hii kutokana na ukweli 378 00:17:12,170 --> 00:17:15,115 kwamba hop hii ya kwanza, hivyo kwa kusema, tu ana anwani hiyo. 379 00:17:15,115 --> 00:17:16,740 Haina jina kwa sababu fulani. 380 00:17:16,740 --> 00:17:19,448 Lakini hiyo ni kwa sababu binadamu aliamua kuwapa jina. 381 00:17:19,448 --> 00:17:20,170 Na iwe hivyo. 382 00:17:20,170 --> 00:17:22,951 >> Hatua ya 2 ni router mwingine. 383 00:17:22,951 --> 00:17:24,450 Lakini tena, mimi alisema ni mkataba. 384 00:17:24,450 --> 00:17:26,720 Ni si required kwamba ruta IPS mwisho katika .1. 385 00:17:26,720 --> 00:17:27,920 Hii moja hana. 386 00:17:27,920 --> 00:17:32,200 IP router pili ni hii. 387 00:17:32,200 --> 00:17:35,310 >> Sasa, inaonekana kama binadamu got kidogo zaidi kupangwa 388 00:17:35,310 --> 00:17:37,690 na wameanza kumtaja ruta yao na yale 389 00:17:37,690 --> 00:17:40,064 kuangalia kama URLs au sehemu ya URLs. 390 00:17:40,064 --> 00:17:40,730 Lakini wao siyo. 391 00:17:40,730 --> 00:17:43,040 Wao ni tu majina kwamba binadamu kuwapa mambo. 392 00:17:43,040 --> 00:17:46,610 >> Na, inaonekana, ni kesi kwamba router hii sio ya kushangaza, 393 00:17:46,610 --> 00:17:49,392 inamilikiwa na nani pengine? 394 00:17:49,392 --> 00:17:50,600 Ni pengine Harvard, haki? 395 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:53,550 Kwa sababu jina la Jambo kuishia katika harvard.edu. 396 00:17:53,550 --> 00:17:54,550 jina ni nini? 397 00:17:54,550 --> 00:17:58,990 coregw1, msingi tu ina maana muhimu, katikati. 398 00:17:58,990 --> 00:18:01,984 gw is-- nilivyosema hapo awali. 399 00:18:01,984 --> 00:18:02,810 >> Watazamaji: Gateway. 400 00:18:02,810 --> 00:18:06,120 >> DAVID J. Malan: Gateway, tu kisawe kwa router. 401 00:18:06,120 --> 00:18:09,010 Hivyo hii ni muhimu sana msingi gateway namba 1. 402 00:18:09,010 --> 00:18:10,290 Sijui nini te maana yake. 403 00:18:10,290 --> 00:18:11,411 3-5, sijui. 404 00:18:11,411 --> 00:18:12,910 msingi, pengine ina maana kitu kimoja. 405 00:18:12,910 --> 00:18:15,890 >> .net.harvard.edu, siyo lazima kuangalia safi. 406 00:18:15,890 --> 00:18:18,770 Lakini ni muhimu kwa mfumo wa baadhi msimamizi mahali fulani katika Harvard. 407 00:18:18,770 --> 00:18:22,710 Hatua ya 4, mimi nina inferring kutoka mkataba. 408 00:18:22,710 --> 00:18:24,816 Je, unafikiri 4 inawakilisha? 409 00:18:24,816 --> 00:18:26,950 Bado ni router. 410 00:18:26,950 --> 00:18:31,280 >> Je BDR pengine, ni nini sauti yake? 411 00:18:31,280 --> 00:18:31,880 Mpaka. 412 00:18:31,880 --> 00:18:36,040 Hivyo hii ni pengine router hiyo ni kimwili katika mpaka wa Harvard 413 00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:39,470 na maeneo mengine ya dunia, kadhalika makali ya chuo mahali fulani. 414 00:18:39,470 --> 00:18:43,070 >> Hatua ya 5 ni ya kuvutia. 415 00:18:43,070 --> 00:18:45,660 Hatua ya 5 bado anasema harvard. 416 00:18:45,660 --> 00:18:49,300 Lakini Nox inaelekea kusimama kwa Crossroads Kaskazini, ambayo 417 00:18:49,300 --> 00:18:53,710 ni peering maarufu sana point-- kama mimi ilivyoelezwa mapema, kituo cha data ambapo 418 00:18:53,710 --> 00:18:57,230 kura ya watu tofauti, Harvard na ISPs nyingine kubwa, kuja pamoja 419 00:18:57,230 --> 00:19:00,640 na kuunganisha cabling yao ili data inaweza kwenda nje mahali pengine 420 00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:01,590 kwenye mtandao. 421 00:19:01,590 --> 00:19:04,740 >> Na sasa, mambo kupata kidogo zaidi ya kuvutia. 422 00:19:04,740 --> 00:19:06,940 Sijui ambapo hii ni bado tu. 423 00:19:06,940 --> 00:19:11,322 Inavyoonekana, rtr, mimi nina guessing, ni router. 424 00:19:11,322 --> 00:19:15,080 Equinix katika New York ni uwezekano wa asili ya hiyo. 425 00:19:15,080 --> 00:19:21,300 Lakini internet2 ni super haraka internet kuunganishwa miongoni mwa vyuo vikuu, 426 00:19:21,300 --> 00:19:21,860 hasa. 427 00:19:21,860 --> 00:19:23,943 Hivyo kwamba inaonekana kuwa kile sisi ni kushikamana na pale. 428 00:19:23,943 --> 00:19:27,460 Kwa sababu yoyote, ruta katika hatua 7, 8, na 9 429 00:19:27,460 --> 00:19:28,610 si tu kujibu yetu. 430 00:19:28,610 --> 00:19:30,790 Kwamba pengine kwa sababu ya usanidi wenye makosa ama 431 00:19:30,790 --> 00:19:31,920 au fahamu Configuration. 432 00:19:31,920 --> 00:19:35,250 Yeyote anaendesha ruta wale hana huduma ya kutoa taarifa. 433 00:19:35,250 --> 00:19:38,230 >> Lakini hatua 10 ni ya kuvutia ya kutosha. 434 00:19:38,230 --> 00:19:43,540 Kwa sababu siwezi nadhani kutoka hii, pamoja na baadhi ya uwezekano, 435 00:19:43,540 --> 00:19:48,370 kwamba data wangu, data kuacha mbali yangu, kwa hatua 436 00:19:48,370 --> 00:19:53,020 10-- 10 hatua later-- ina aliingia nini Jiografia? 437 00:19:53,020 --> 00:19:54,270 New York. 438 00:19:54,270 --> 00:19:58,040 >> Na jinsi ya kufunga alifanya hivyo kuchukua data wangu, kutoka mbali yangu, kupata New York 439 00:19:58,040 --> 00:20:00,760 katika njia yake ya CNN gani unaweza nadhani? 440 00:20:00,760 --> 00:20:02,240 28 milliseconds. 441 00:20:02,240 --> 00:20:04,020 Na chombo hiki si tu athari njia. 442 00:20:04,020 --> 00:20:05,380 Pia mara mambo. 443 00:20:05,380 --> 00:20:06,630 >> Na mambo wanaweza kupata msongamano. 444 00:20:06,630 --> 00:20:10,222 Hivyo idadi inaweza wakati mwingine kuruka juu au chini kidogo bila kutarajia. 445 00:20:10,222 --> 00:20:12,680 Lakini kama wewe kufikiri, sasa, kwa muda gani inachukua kupata na New York 446 00:20:12,680 --> 00:20:16,050 kutoka hapa, ambayo pengine ni kuhusu masaa manne au hivyo kwa gari au treni, 447 00:20:16,050 --> 00:20:18,945 ni kwa kasi zaidi kwa kutuma mwenyewe kupitia umeme 448 00:20:18,945 --> 00:20:22,732 kama inachukua milliseconds 28 tu kupata kutoka hapa na pale. 449 00:20:22,732 --> 00:20:25,440 Sasa kwa bahati mbaya, wengine ruta hawana wanaonekana kuwa kufichua. 450 00:20:25,440 --> 00:20:26,356 Hebu jaribu mwingine mmoja. 451 00:20:26,356 --> 00:20:30,030 Tu kwa ajili ya mateke, hebu kujaribu na kuona Amazon.com 452 00:20:30,030 --> 00:20:32,715 kama ruta ni kidogo zaidi kushirikiana, akijua kwamba 453 00:20:32,715 --> 00:20:34,340 inaweza kuchukua njia tofauti kabisa. 454 00:20:34,340 --> 00:20:36,992 Hivyo labda sisi si kugonga blockages kama kiasi huko. 455 00:20:36,992 --> 00:20:38,910 >> Inaonekana kidogo tofauti hapa. 456 00:20:38,910 --> 00:20:41,940 Sidhani tuliona aws sum1 wavu. 457 00:20:41,940 --> 00:20:44,790 Na kwa kweli, aws ni Amazon Huduma za mtandao. 458 00:20:44,790 --> 00:20:47,517 Harvard ina huduma iitwayo Moja kwa moja Kuungana na Amazon, 459 00:20:47,517 --> 00:20:49,350 ambapo sisi kulipa kidogo kidogo cha fedha kwa Amazon 460 00:20:49,350 --> 00:20:51,410 kupata kasi kuunganishwa na mtandao Amazon. 461 00:20:51,410 --> 00:20:53,659 Hivyo sisi matumizi mengi ya zao huduma wingu, ambayo baadhi 462 00:20:53,659 --> 00:20:55,120 tupate majadiliano juu ya baadaye kidogo. 463 00:20:55,120 --> 00:20:57,560 >> Inaonekana ruta hapa, pia, ni kuwa kidogo aibu. 464 00:20:57,560 --> 00:20:59,560 Hivyo hatuoni yote kwamba mengi zaidi. 465 00:20:59,560 --> 00:21:02,380 Lakini hebu angalia kama tunaweza kubariki kitu kidogo zaidi 466 00:21:02,380 --> 00:21:04,600 kwa kwenda tofauti mwelekeo kabisa. 467 00:21:04,600 --> 00:21:07,807 >> Hebu jaribu marafiki zetu katika Stanford.edu. 468 00:21:07,807 --> 00:21:08,890 Kuona kama sisi kupata yoyote mbali zaidi. 469 00:21:08,890 --> 00:21:12,066 470 00:21:12,066 --> 00:21:15,430 Hapana, bado kuwa kidogo binafsi. 471 00:21:15,430 --> 00:21:18,060 472 00:21:18,060 --> 00:21:22,514 Inaonekana njia hiyo ni mafichoni yenyewe kidogo. 473 00:21:22,514 --> 00:21:24,930 Hivyo tutaweza kujaribu moja zaidi kama hii haina mavuno matokeo Juicy. 474 00:21:24,930 --> 00:21:31,150 Lakini unaweza aina ya kuona wale IPS, siwezi kufanya inference hapa. 475 00:21:31,150 --> 00:21:35,830 Nini kinaweza kuhitimisha, hata kama wewe si mtandao mhandisi, 476 00:21:35,830 --> 00:21:40,260 Ni kweli kulingana na idadi uko kuona katika hatua 7 kupitia 9 na 12 477 00:21:40,260 --> 00:21:42,110 kupitia 15? 478 00:21:42,110 --> 00:21:43,780 >> Nini nadhani elimu hapa? 479 00:21:43,780 --> 00:21:46,690 Nini kauli kweli? 480 00:21:46,690 --> 00:21:49,515 >> Watazamaji: Kitu karibu 205 [inaudible]. 481 00:21:49,515 --> 00:21:52,320 >> DAVID J. Malan: Ni kweli na mimi nina kuangalia idadi na haki. 482 00:21:52,320 --> 00:21:57,210 Ambapo ni haya ruta, ingawa hawaonekani kuwa na majina? 483 00:21:57,210 --> 00:22:00,150 >> Watazamaji: Somewhere zaidi mbali zaidi kuliko [inaudible]. 484 00:22:00,150 --> 00:22:01,330 >> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah. 485 00:22:01,330 --> 00:22:02,640 Na mimi sijui wapi. 486 00:22:02,640 --> 00:22:05,330 Lakini taarifa hatua 7 inasema 123 milliseconds. 487 00:22:05,330 --> 00:22:09,310 Lakini humle mitatu tu kabla, ni tu alichukua 3 milliseconds. 488 00:22:09,310 --> 00:22:10,509 >> Watazamaji: Hivyo [inaudible] 489 00:22:10,509 --> 00:22:11,800 DAVID J. Malan: Si hapa, yeah. 490 00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:13,430 Hivyo labda ni katikati ya nchi. 491 00:22:13,430 --> 00:22:14,846 Labda ni West Coast tayari. 492 00:22:14,846 --> 00:22:16,840 Mimi kwa kweli sijui, kabisa kubahatisha. 493 00:22:16,840 --> 00:22:20,890 >> Lakini kutokana na kwamba kila hop mwingine baada ya hapo pia alichukua muda zaidi, 494 00:22:20,890 --> 00:22:23,410 anahisi busara kuhitimisha kwamba kuna tu 495 00:22:23,410 --> 00:22:26,390 Jiografia ya kimwili kati yetu na wao. 496 00:22:26,390 --> 00:22:30,700 Na kwa kuwa wazi, kila mmoja namba hizi si Pairwise. 497 00:22:30,700 --> 00:22:33,230 Haina maana kila hop inachukua 100 milliseconds. 498 00:22:33,230 --> 00:22:36,660 >> Kila moja ya namba hizi inawakilisha kutoka uhakika na kwamba hop kati. 499 00:22:36,660 --> 00:22:39,842 Hivyo kwa ujumla, wanapaswa tu kuwa incrementing milele hivyo kidogo. 500 00:22:39,842 --> 00:22:42,550 Hivyo ukweli kwamba yote haya, sasa, ni takribani 100 milliseconds, 501 00:22:42,550 --> 00:22:44,490 anahisi kama ni got kuwa mbali mbali. 502 00:22:44,490 --> 00:22:45,870 Na mimi itabidi kujaribu moja ya mwisho moja. 503 00:22:45,870 --> 00:22:48,480 >> Lakini mimi nina guessing tunakwenda kuona rundo la nyota. 504 00:22:48,480 --> 00:22:52,545 Hebu jaribu Japan toleo la tovuti ya CNN. 505 00:22:52,545 --> 00:22:54,180 Oh, OK, sasa ni kupata Juicy. 506 00:22:54,180 --> 00:22:59,010 Kwa sababu inaonekana ni kweli ina kuchukuliwa njia mbalimbali kwa njia ya Marekani. 507 00:22:59,010 --> 00:23:00,990 >> Hebu tuangalie, loo, hii ni kubwa. 508 00:23:00,990 --> 00:23:01,970 Hii moja kumaliza. 509 00:23:01,970 --> 00:23:03,860 Hivyo hii ni nguvu. 510 00:23:03,860 --> 00:23:11,203 Katika hatua ya 1 mpaka 4, nini mji ni sisi pengine katika? 511 00:23:11,203 --> 00:23:12,037 >> Watazamaji: Cambridge. 512 00:23:12,037 --> 00:23:13,119 DAVID J. Malan: Cambridge. 513 00:23:13,119 --> 00:23:14,170 Na kwa nini unasema hivyo? 514 00:23:14,170 --> 00:23:15,680 Ni wote harvard.edu. 515 00:23:15,680 --> 00:23:18,330 Katika hatua 5, ambapo gani sisi kuwa? 516 00:23:18,330 --> 00:23:18,890 Boston. 517 00:23:18,890 --> 00:23:20,550 Katika hatua 6, ambapo gani sisi kuwa? 518 00:23:20,550 --> 00:23:21,350 >> Watazamaji: Idadi 6. 519 00:23:21,350 --> 00:23:22,812 >> DAVID J. Malan: Na ambapo ni San Jose? 520 00:23:22,812 --> 00:23:23,960 >> Watazamaji: Ni katika California. 521 00:23:23,960 --> 00:23:24,740 >> DAVID J. Malan: California? 522 00:23:24,740 --> 00:23:27,448 Ni pengine San Jose, California, ambayo ni aina ya ajabu. 523 00:23:27,448 --> 00:23:28,500 Sasa, kwa nini tuseme hivyo? 524 00:23:28,500 --> 00:23:30,770 Hivyo moja, San Jose-- hiyo ni tu San Jose mimi najua ya. 525 00:23:30,770 --> 00:23:32,020 Lakini mimi nina uhakika kuna wengine. 526 00:23:32,020 --> 00:23:36,756 Lakini hilo linathibitisha kwamba hunch ni nini kipande nyingine ya data? 527 00:23:36,756 --> 00:23:38,789 >> Watazamaji: kijiografia. 528 00:23:38,789 --> 00:23:40,580 DAVID J. Malan: njia ya kijiografia anahisi 529 00:23:40,580 --> 00:23:42,940 kama hiyo ni mwelekeo sisi pengine ni kwenda 530 00:23:42,940 --> 00:23:45,250 kupata Japan juu ya Bahari ya Pasifiki. 531 00:23:45,250 --> 00:23:48,320 Na nini zaidi ya hapo kipande ya data corroborates kwamba, 532 00:23:48,320 --> 00:23:52,660 yeah, sisi tu alichukua upande wa kushoto wa California? 533 00:23:52,660 --> 00:23:53,950 muda kweli anaruka. 534 00:23:53,950 --> 00:24:02,550 >> Taarifa sisi kwenda kutoka 1.989 milliseconds, mfululizo 5, kwa milliseconds 74 katika mstari 6, 535 00:24:02,550 --> 00:24:05,300 ambayo inaonyesha kuna pengine baadhi mwili kubwa ya nchi. 536 00:24:05,300 --> 00:24:10,590 Hivyo pia kuna baadhi ya gharama kubwa kweli, nguvu cable, inaweza kuonekana, 537 00:24:10,590 --> 00:24:15,370 kwenda katika nchi nzima kuongoza kutoka Boston na San Jose katika kesi hii. 538 00:24:15,370 --> 00:24:16,740 Sijui wapi hatua ya 7 ni. 539 00:24:16,740 --> 00:24:20,030 >> Lakini ni kweli anapata baridi wakati sisi kuangalia, sasa, katika hatua 8 na 9 na kuendelea. 540 00:24:20,030 --> 00:24:22,100 Wako wapi hao ruta? 541 00:24:22,100 --> 00:24:23,090 Pengine Japan. 542 00:24:23,090 --> 00:24:27,706 Kwa hiyo kile ni kati ya hatua 7 na 8 zaidi uwezekano? 543 00:24:27,706 --> 00:24:28,680 >> Watazamaji: London. 544 00:24:28,680 --> 00:24:30,846 >> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, hivyo kuna pia trans-Pacific, 545 00:24:30,846 --> 00:24:35,750 transatlantiska, transoceanic cabling kwamba meli kubwa kweli kweli tu 546 00:24:35,750 --> 00:24:38,950 unaendelea nje na kuweka juu ya chini ya bahari, ambayo hubeba 547 00:24:38,950 --> 00:24:40,460 yote ya kuunganishwa huu internet. 548 00:24:40,460 --> 00:24:42,440 Na hii ndiyo maana yetu uhusiano wa mtandao anapata 549 00:24:42,440 --> 00:24:44,520 hivyo kiasi polepole, kiasi akizungumza. 550 00:24:44,520 --> 00:24:46,687 Na nilivyoeleza awali, ujumla, na pia, hii 551 00:24:46,687 --> 00:24:49,020 ni kitu developer mtandao kutaka kukumbuka. 552 00:24:49,020 --> 00:24:50,770 >> Sisi si kwenda katika mno habari nyingi kesho. 553 00:24:50,770 --> 00:24:54,090 Lakini kwa ujumla, binadamu itaanza taarifa ucheleweshaji kwenye mtandao 554 00:24:54,090 --> 00:24:56,775 kama kitu fulani inachukua 200 au milliseconds zaidi kupakia. 555 00:24:56,775 --> 00:24:59,670 I mean, hiyo ni bado super fast-- tano ya pili. 556 00:24:59,670 --> 00:25:02,270 Lakini hii ni moja ya metrics kwamba developer mtandao 557 00:25:02,270 --> 00:25:05,290 unapaswa kukumbuka wakati kubuni ukurasa, wakati yeye au yeye ni 558 00:25:05,290 --> 00:25:10,360 kujenga graphics, au kuongeza katika tatu software-- matangazo, 559 00:25:10,360 --> 00:25:10,970 labda. 560 00:25:10,970 --> 00:25:12,900 >> You hawataki kupunguza chini ya mzigo ukurasa. 561 00:25:12,900 --> 00:25:15,320 You, walau, unataka kuweka hivyo kwa haraka kama iwezekanavyo. 562 00:25:15,320 --> 00:25:18,440 Na kama wewe kuanza kuwa na mzigo ukurasa nyakati za 200 milliseconds plus, 563 00:25:18,440 --> 00:25:21,420 binadamu kinaendelea taarifa kwamba siyo kweli papo. 564 00:25:21,420 --> 00:25:24,770 Na hivyo namba hizi si kwamba unfamiliar zote kwetu. 565 00:25:24,770 --> 00:25:29,340 >> Hivyo hii, basi, Ukamataji zaidi kidogo quantitatively nini kinaendelea hapa. 566 00:25:29,340 --> 00:25:31,870 Na ni kweli, hata ingawa mimi nina aina ya akizungumzia 567 00:25:31,870 --> 00:25:33,545 jinsi polepole ni kupata na Japan. 568 00:25:33,545 --> 00:25:36,050 I mean, ni bado chini ya nusu ya pili 569 00:25:36,050 --> 00:25:38,310 kupata data halfway yako duniani kote, 570 00:25:38,310 --> 00:25:42,730 kama hiyo ni email, ukurasa wa mtandao, au kitu kingine chochote pamoja mistari haya. 571 00:25:42,730 --> 00:25:47,500 >> Yote ya haki, hivyo ni jinsi gani hii, basi, yanahusiana na ambapo sisi wanakwenda mapema. 572 00:25:47,500 --> 00:25:49,120 Sisi walikuwa wanazungumza juu ya anwani ya IP. 573 00:25:49,120 --> 00:25:52,500 Na kila kompyuta, kwenye mtandao, ina anwani ya kipekee, tutaweza kusema kwa now-- 574 00:25:52,500 --> 00:25:54,660 lakini kidogo ya lie-- nyeupe inayoitwa anwani ya IP. 575 00:25:54,660 --> 00:25:56,890 Na kwamba anwani ya IP ni kutumika ni jinsi gani? 576 00:25:56,890 --> 00:26:00,230 >> Ni kutumiwa na ruta haya kuamua iwapo data anatakiwa kwenda hapa, hapa, 577 00:26:00,230 --> 00:26:01,280 hapa, au hapa. 578 00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:04,256 Na mimi kilichorahisishwa mambo kwa kusema ni tu inaonekana katika tarakimu ya kwanza. 579 00:26:04,256 --> 00:26:05,380 Lakini hiyo si kweli kweli. 580 00:26:05,380 --> 00:26:08,060 Inaangalia zaidi ya tatu, kawaida, na takwimu hii nje. 581 00:26:08,060 --> 00:26:11,310 >> Na binadamu ama kuwa aliamua au algorithms kompyuta 582 00:26:11,310 --> 00:26:13,980 wameamua nini bora Njia ni kwa data hiyo. 583 00:26:13,980 --> 00:26:15,950 Hivyo kwamba, hopefully, ndani ya 30 au hivyo humle, 584 00:26:15,950 --> 00:26:18,850 hatimaye anapata marudio yake. 585 00:26:18,850 --> 00:26:22,270 Mara baada ya nimepata ombi Amazon ukurasa wa nyumbani, jinsi gani Amazon 586 00:26:22,270 --> 00:26:26,330 jua ni nani kutuma ukurasa wa nyumbani? 587 00:26:26,330 --> 00:26:28,680 >> Right, katika umri wa shule fomu, mimi kutuma Postcard 588 00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:31,500 Amazon akisema, tafadhali kutuma yangu nyumbani ukurasa wako. 589 00:26:31,500 --> 00:26:35,350 Amazon kinaendelea kujibu kwa baadhi aina ya ujumbe, aina fulani ya Postcard, 590 00:26:35,350 --> 00:26:36,970 aina fulani ya bahasha yake mwenyewe. 591 00:26:36,970 --> 00:26:39,560 Basi hebu kufanya hasa hili tu taswira hii kwa sasa. 592 00:26:39,560 --> 00:26:41,700 >> Hivyo biashara siku hizi, kama unaweza kuwa na habari, 593 00:26:41,700 --> 00:26:44,200 inaonekana kuwa imejaa paka na picha za paka. 594 00:26:44,200 --> 00:26:48,300 Hivyo kudhani kuwa mtu ni kujaribu kutembelea si Amazon.com, lakini baadhi ya tovuti 595 00:26:48,300 --> 00:26:49,790 kwa kushusha picha ya paka. 596 00:26:49,790 --> 00:26:53,805 Hivyo mbali yangu anataka kupeleka ombi, kupitia mtandao, kwa baadhi ya Nje akisema, 597 00:26:53,805 --> 00:26:55,560 nipe picha ya leo ya paka. 598 00:26:55,560 --> 00:26:58,780 >> Na paka hii, hopefully, ana kisha kupata kupakuliwa kwa kompyuta yangu. 599 00:26:58,780 --> 00:27:00,094 Hivyo nini kweli kinachotokea? 600 00:27:00,094 --> 00:27:01,510 Naam, napenda kwenda mbele na kufanya hili. 601 00:27:01,510 --> 00:27:04,430 Mimi nimepata nne bahasha umri wa shule hapa. 602 00:27:04,430 --> 00:27:05,680 Na hii ni mfano muhimu. 603 00:27:05,680 --> 00:27:08,260 Kwa sababu hii ni, kimsingi, umeme nini 604 00:27:08,260 --> 00:27:10,570 hutokea chini kofia wakati mimi kutuma ujumbe. 605 00:27:10,570 --> 00:27:15,850 >> Hivyo kwa ajili ya majadiliano, hebu sema hii ni tena Amazon. 606 00:27:15,850 --> 00:27:18,200 Hii ni cats.com au kitu. 607 00:27:18,200 --> 00:27:24,250 Na anwani yangu ya IP, mimi nina kwenda kwa kusema kwa unyenyekevu, ni 1.2.3.4. 608 00:27:24,250 --> 00:27:29,950 Na tovuti paka itakuwa 5.6.7.8. 609 00:27:29,950 --> 00:27:33,090 >> Na hii ina maana gani me ni yafuatayo. 610 00:27:33,090 --> 00:27:40,840 Mimi naenda kuweka 1.2.3.4, 1.2.3.4. 611 00:27:40,840 --> 00:27:43,555 Na mimi itabidi kushikilia haya juu katika pili. 612 00:27:43,555 --> 00:27:46,350 1.2.3.4. 613 00:27:46,350 --> 00:27:51,087 Mimi naenda kuweka marejeo yangu kushughulikia juu ya yote ya bahasha hizi, 614 00:27:51,087 --> 00:27:52,920 katika juu upande wa kushoto kona kama wewe kawaida 615 00:27:52,920 --> 00:27:54,211 ingekuwa wakati barua bahasha. 616 00:27:54,211 --> 00:27:58,905 Na sasa, tu kuchukua nadhani anahitaji nini kwenda katika sehemu kuu ya bahasha. 617 00:27:58,905 --> 00:27:59,780 Watazamaji: [inaudible] 618 00:27:59,780 --> 00:28:00,430 DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, yeah. 619 00:28:00,430 --> 00:28:00,930 Ni hayo tu. 620 00:28:00,930 --> 00:28:03,600 Hivyo 5.6.7.8. 621 00:28:03,600 --> 00:28:13,970 Hivyo 5.6.7.8, 5.6.7.8, 5.6.7.8, 5.6.7.8. 622 00:28:13,970 --> 00:28:18,450 >> Na sasa, paka hii hapa, kwa kubuni, ni kwenda 623 00:28:18,450 --> 00:28:21,030 kuwa chomped up katika nyingi vipande baada ya mimi ombi hilo. 624 00:28:21,030 --> 00:28:22,960 Hivyo hebu sema, kwa ajili ya hadithi hii, 625 00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:24,890 Nimekuwa tayari kupelekwa nje bahasha yangu mwenyewe 626 00:28:24,890 --> 00:28:28,114 kwa cats.com akisema, tafadhali nipe paka leo. 627 00:28:28,114 --> 00:28:30,280 Hivyo kile sisi ni kuzungumza juu, sasa, ni nusu ya mwisho 628 00:28:30,280 --> 00:28:35,450 ya manunuzi, wakati jibu linatokana nyuma kutoka cats.com kwa kidogo me zamani. 629 00:28:35,450 --> 00:28:39,380 >> Hivyo zinageuka kuwa itifaki, kwamba kompyuta hizi kusema, 630 00:28:39,380 --> 00:28:44,470 kwa ujumla ni kitu kinachoitwa TCP / IP, ambayo pengine nimeona mahali fulani 631 00:28:44,470 --> 00:28:48,670 au nyingine juu ya Mac yako, au PC, au vyombo vya habari, au juu ya movie, 632 00:28:48,670 --> 00:28:50,040 au TV show, au kama. 633 00:28:50,040 --> 00:28:51,370 Basi nini hii maana ya yote? 634 00:28:51,370 --> 00:28:53,900 Hii ni kweli mchanganyiko wa itifaki mbili. 635 00:28:53,900 --> 00:28:57,050 >> Na itifaki ni tu lugha kwamba kompyuta mbili kuongea. 636 00:28:57,050 --> 00:28:59,620 Kwa kweli, itifaki katika dunia ya wanadamu, hello. 637 00:28:59,620 --> 00:29:00,370 Jina langu David. 638 00:29:00,370 --> 00:29:01,570 >> Watazamaji: Hello. 639 00:29:01,570 --> 00:29:02,945 >> DAVID J. Malan: Nice kukutana na wewe. 640 00:29:02,945 --> 00:29:05,930 Hivyo hii ni binadamu haki kijinga itifaki, ambapo mimi kupanua mkono wangu. 641 00:29:05,930 --> 00:29:07,320 Na Arwa hadi mkono wake. 642 00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:09,050 Na sisi kukutana na kusalimiana. 643 00:29:09,050 --> 00:29:11,150 Na kisha, manunuzi ni kamili. 644 00:29:11,150 --> 00:29:13,980 >> Lakini ni itifaki katika hivyo Mbali kama ni seti ya hatua 645 00:29:13,980 --> 00:29:18,900 kwamba ni script kwamba wote mmoja wetu kujua jinsi ya kutenda nje. 646 00:29:18,900 --> 00:29:19,900 Na kuna mwanzo. 647 00:29:19,900 --> 00:29:21,060 Na kuna mwisho yake. 648 00:29:21,060 --> 00:29:24,170 Vile vile, wakati suala la kompyuta, wao 649 00:29:24,170 --> 00:29:27,350 seti protocols-- ya mikataba kwamba, katika haki, na 650 00:29:27,350 --> 00:29:28,830 imeamuliwa na binadamu. 651 00:29:28,830 --> 00:29:33,220 Lakini wao uko kutumiwa na kompyuta kwamba kulazimisha jinsi kompyuta intercommunicate. 652 00:29:33,220 --> 00:29:38,490 >> IP ni nusu ya jozi hii ya itifaki ambayo inasimamia jinsi gani kushughulikia kompyuta. 653 00:29:38,490 --> 00:29:39,860 Jinsi gani unaweza kushughulikia kompyuta? 654 00:29:39,860 --> 00:29:42,790 Hasa kama hii. 655 00:29:42,790 --> 00:29:45,380 >> Hivyo IP ni seti ya mikataba inayosema kufanya 656 00:29:45,380 --> 00:29:47,370 uhakika una IP pepe ya mpokeaji 657 00:29:47,370 --> 00:29:49,000 na anwani ya IP ya mtumaji. 658 00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:51,070 Na kuitumia katika dotted, kitu dot kitu 659 00:29:51,070 --> 00:29:52,700 dot kitu dot kitu format. 660 00:29:52,700 --> 00:29:58,820 Kwa mfano, TCP ni tofauti itifaki, kutumika kwa kushirikiana na IP, 661 00:29:58,820 --> 00:30:01,410 kuwa kwa ujumla dhamana ya kujifungua. 662 00:30:01,410 --> 00:30:04,590 IP tu anaelezea kompyuta jinsi ya kushughulikia kila mmoja. 663 00:30:04,590 --> 00:30:07,560 >> Ni tu wakati mimi alisema David, ulisema Arwa. 664 00:30:07,560 --> 00:30:11,860 Hiyo ilikuwa ni yetu sawa IP, yetu hatua kwa ajili ya kushughulikia kila mmoja. 665 00:30:11,860 --> 00:30:15,970 Lakini ili kuthibitisha kujifungua, kompyuta kutumia itifaki 666 00:30:15,970 --> 00:30:19,960 aitwaye TCP, Transmission Itifaki ya Kudhibiti, ambayo ni tu 667 00:30:19,960 --> 00:30:23,690 njia dhana ya kusema kuna ni sifa ya ziada kutumika 668 00:30:23,690 --> 00:30:28,650 na kompyuta ili kuhakikisha kwamba yote haya bahasha mimi kuendelea kushikilia kweli 669 00:30:28,650 --> 00:30:30,140 kupata marudio yao. 670 00:30:30,140 --> 00:30:32,810 >> Na utaratibu moja kwa kwamba ni kama ifuatavyo. 671 00:30:32,810 --> 00:30:37,870 Mimi wanaonekana kuwa na wangapi bahasha hapa kwa kipindi hiki? 672 00:30:37,870 --> 00:30:38,659 >> Watazamaji: Nne. 673 00:30:38,659 --> 00:30:39,700 DAVID J. Malan: Sawa, nne. 674 00:30:39,700 --> 00:30:43,890 Hivyo anahisi kama, tu kuwa nadhifu kidogo kuhusu hii yote, mimi nina kwenda kwa idadi 675 00:30:43,890 --> 00:30:46,900 yao katika chini mkono wa kushoto kona, kama uwanja memo. 676 00:30:46,900 --> 00:30:52,940 Na mimi nina kwenda tu kusema 1, 2, 3, 4. 677 00:30:52,940 --> 00:30:56,050 Lakini sasa, kuanza kufikiri kidogo zaidi kama mhandisi. 678 00:30:56,050 --> 00:30:59,700 >> Na mimi jotted chini kama kiasi habari kama mimi kweli kuwa? 679 00:30:59,700 --> 00:31:02,850 Naweza kuwa hata zaidi uptight kuliko huu linapokuja suala la 680 00:31:02,850 --> 00:31:04,150 kwa kubainisha namba hizi? 681 00:31:04,150 --> 00:31:07,342 Nini zaidi inaweza mimi kuweka juu ya bahasha kwamba labda tu ni muhimu? 682 00:31:07,342 --> 00:31:08,580 >> Watazamaji: [inaudible]. 683 00:31:08,580 --> 00:31:08,920 >> DAVID J. Malan: Nini hiyo? 684 00:31:08,920 --> 00:31:10,636 >> Watazamaji: idadi ya jumla bahasha kwamba una. 685 00:31:10,636 --> 00:31:12,270 >> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, idadi ya jumla. 686 00:31:12,270 --> 00:31:15,514 Najisikia kama mimi si ukamataji kama kiasi inapatikana maelezo kama mimi. 687 00:31:15,514 --> 00:31:17,180 Hivyo, unajua, mimi pengine lazima kufanya hivyo. 688 00:31:17,180 --> 00:31:22,660 Hivyo 1 kati ya 4, 2 nje ya 4, 3 kati ya 4, 4 kati ya 4. 689 00:31:22,660 --> 00:31:23,840 >> Na sasa, kwa nini ni kwamba? 690 00:31:23,840 --> 00:31:27,530 Nini Intuition nyuma pia jotting chini ya idadi jumla ya bahasha 691 00:31:27,530 --> 00:31:29,380 Mimi nina kuhusu kutuma? 692 00:31:29,380 --> 00:31:31,130 Watazamaji: Kujua kama kitu kukosa. 693 00:31:31,130 --> 00:31:32,129 DAVID J. Malan: Hasa. 694 00:31:32,129 --> 00:31:34,100 Hivyo TCP leverages hii. 695 00:31:34,100 --> 00:31:36,450 Ni matumizi kitu kinachoitwa idadi mlolongo, ni sawa 696 00:31:36,450 --> 00:31:38,730 katika roho kwa nini sisi ni kuchora hapa. 697 00:31:38,730 --> 00:31:42,381 Lakini inahitaji kujua pakiti ngapi, au bahasha, kuna ni walidhani kuwa. 698 00:31:42,381 --> 00:31:44,130 Kwa sababu vinginevyo, jinsi gani unaweza kujua kama wakati 699 00:31:44,130 --> 00:31:46,870 kupata 1, 2, na 3 lazima kumekuwa na 4? 700 00:31:46,870 --> 00:31:50,950 >> Unaweza kudai kama kupata 1, 2, na 4, kusubiri dakika. 701 00:31:50,950 --> 00:31:52,700 Kuna pengine alikuwa namba 3. 702 00:31:52,700 --> 00:31:55,020 Na kwa kweli, hiyo ni karibu na jinsi TCP kazi. 703 00:31:55,020 --> 00:31:58,240 Lakini kwa madhumuni yetu sasa, hebu tu kuwa super sahihi na kusema hii ni 1 ya 4, 704 00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:01,690 2 ya 4, 3 ya 4, 4 ya 4 ili tuweze kujua mwisho wa mchakato, 705 00:32:01,690 --> 00:32:05,750 mwisho wa handshake kama wewe, kama jambo zima ni kweli kamili. 706 00:32:05,750 --> 00:32:09,220 >> Sasa, ni zamu nje TCP anafanya jambo moja nyingine. 707 00:32:09,220 --> 00:32:14,520 TCP pia inaruhusu kompyuta kutoa huduma mbalimbali. 708 00:32:14,520 --> 00:32:19,050 Na kwa huduma I mean mtandao, barua pepe, gumzo, sauti juu ya IP. 709 00:32:19,050 --> 00:32:22,500 Kuna mashada ya mambo mbalimbali biashara na seva kwenye mtandao 710 00:32:22,500 --> 00:32:23,570 anaweza kufanya siku hizi. 711 00:32:23,570 --> 00:32:28,699 >> Hivyo kwa mfano, tu kufikiri hypothetically, kama mimi mkono huu kwa Arwa, 712 00:32:28,699 --> 00:32:31,240 jinsi gani unajua nini kinaendelea kuwa ndani ya bahasha hizi? 713 00:32:31,240 --> 00:32:33,130 Je, ni kwenda kuwa kuomba kwa ajili ya ukurasa wa mtandao? 714 00:32:33,130 --> 00:32:34,090 Je, ni email? 715 00:32:34,090 --> 00:32:35,680 Je, ni ujumbe wa papo? 716 00:32:35,680 --> 00:32:37,450 >> Huwezi kujua msingi juu ya habari hii. 717 00:32:37,450 --> 00:32:41,730 Wote mnajua ni nani ni kutoka, ambaye ni kwa, na nini idadi ya bahasha 718 00:32:41,730 --> 00:32:42,230 hii ni. 719 00:32:42,230 --> 00:32:43,965 Kwa hiyo, tunahitaji moja zaidi kipande cha habari. 720 00:32:43,965 --> 00:32:45,840 Na tunazungumzia mtandao katika kesi hii, 721 00:32:45,840 --> 00:32:47,090 tu kwa sababu ni picha za paka. 722 00:32:47,090 --> 00:32:48,320 Lakini inaweza kuwa kitu chochote. 723 00:32:48,320 --> 00:32:50,440 >> Ili niweze kuandika mtandao juu yake. 724 00:32:50,440 --> 00:32:53,950 Au vizuri zaidi, mimi naweza kuandika HTTP, ambayo 725 00:32:53,950 --> 00:32:58,250 ni itifaki kutumiwa na mtandao browsers na servrar kuwasiliana. 726 00:32:58,250 --> 00:32:59,560 Zaidi juu ya kwamba katika wakati huu. 727 00:32:59,560 --> 00:33:02,480 Lakini mimi nina kwenda kuwa hata zaidi kompyuta-oriented kuliko hiyo. 728 00:33:02,480 --> 00:33:06,510 >> Ni zinageuka kuwa binadamu, muda iliyopita, aliamua 729 00:33:06,510 --> 00:33:10,090 hawawajui idadi ya kipekee kwa biashara huduma maarufu. 730 00:33:10,090 --> 00:33:15,020 HTTP hutokea kwa kutumia idadi 80, au kama tutaweza kuona, 443. 731 00:33:15,020 --> 00:33:17,770 Lakini 80 ni mzuri kwa sasa. 732 00:33:17,770 --> 00:33:22,530 >> SMTP, ambayo ni njia dhana ya kusema utlandet email. 733 00:33:22,530 --> 00:33:24,910 Hii ni Wikipedia Mail Transfer Itifaki. 734 00:33:24,910 --> 00:33:27,810 Tu seti ya mikataba kwamba inasimamia jinsi ya kompyuta kutuma barua pepe 735 00:33:27,810 --> 00:33:29,200 kutoka kompyuta moja na nyingine. 736 00:33:29,200 --> 00:33:33,430 Hutokea kwa kutumia namba 25. 737 00:33:33,430 --> 00:33:37,710 >> FTP, na ambayo baadhi yenu wanaweza kuwa na mazoea, je FTP nini? 738 00:33:37,710 --> 00:33:39,001 >> Watazamaji: File uhamisho. 739 00:33:39,001 --> 00:33:42,000 DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, File Transfer Itifaki haipaswi kutumiwa tena. 740 00:33:42,000 --> 00:33:44,082 Kama kampuni yako bado anatumia hiyo, wewe pengine 741 00:33:44,082 --> 00:33:46,040 kutumia bila kuficha, ambayo ina maana wameweza 742 00:33:46,040 --> 00:33:49,140 imekuwa kutuma username na password yako katika mtandao wote wa wakati huu. 743 00:33:49,140 --> 00:33:50,223 Pengine wasitumie yake. 744 00:33:50,223 --> 00:33:51,890 Kwa sababu matoleo salama kuwepo. 745 00:33:51,890 --> 00:33:53,820 Ni matumizi bandari 21. 746 00:33:53,820 --> 00:33:56,762 Na kuna mashada ya mifano mingine kama hii. 747 00:33:56,762 --> 00:33:58,470 Hivyo kwa maneno mengine, binadamu, baadhi ya wakati uliopita, 748 00:33:58,470 --> 00:34:01,820 aliamua kwamba, hey, hebu tu hawawajui idadi ya huduma zote hizi 749 00:34:01,820 --> 00:34:03,280 kuweka kila kitu nzuri na nadhifu. 750 00:34:03,280 --> 00:34:05,571 Lakini nini kwamba kweli maana yake, ingawa bahasha hii ya 751 00:34:05,571 --> 00:34:09,530 kuanzia kuangalia arcane kidogo, Mimi sasa wanaweza kuweka juu mwisho wake, 752 00:34:09,530 --> 00:34:11,989 Kwa mfano, colon 80. 753 00:34:11,989 --> 00:34:13,780 Na mimi nina kwenda tu kutumia matumbo hapa tu 754 00:34:13,780 --> 00:34:16,969 kwa sababu hiyo ni kompyuta mkataba. 755 00:34:16,969 --> 00:34:21,440 Mimi nina kwenda kuongeza colon 80 hadi mwisho ya anuani 756 00:34:21,440 --> 00:34:27,260 tu arcanely kukamata ukweli kwamba hii ni zinazopelekwa kwa ajili 5.6.7.8 bandari 80. 757 00:34:27,260 --> 00:34:31,610 Hivyo sasa, wakati mimi mkono kwa Arwa, kuchukua yeye ni mbio server barua pepe, mtandao 758 00:34:31,610 --> 00:34:33,864 server, papo ujumbe server, yeye sasa 759 00:34:33,864 --> 00:34:37,301 anajua kwamba juu ya kuona idadi 80, oh, hii lazima kwenda katika ndoo hii. 760 00:34:37,301 --> 00:34:38,800 Au hii lazima kwenda katika mailbox hii. 761 00:34:38,800 --> 00:34:41,380 Au hii inapaswa kuwa mitupu mbali na huduma hii ndiyo 762 00:34:41,380 --> 00:34:43,659 mbio juu ya server yake fulani. 763 00:34:43,659 --> 00:34:45,650 >> Hivyo sasa, kipande ya mwisho yake, hii ni paka. 764 00:34:45,650 --> 00:34:47,250 Na kwa nini nina bahasha nne? 765 00:34:47,250 --> 00:34:51,810 Naam, moja ya sifa zinazotolewa na IP, katika Mbali na kushughulikia, 766 00:34:51,810 --> 00:34:54,179 pia ni uwezo kwa fragment maombi. 767 00:34:54,179 --> 00:34:55,830 >> Hii ni paka pretty kubwa. 768 00:34:55,830 --> 00:35:02,910 Na kwa kweli, kwa ufanisi na kwa kuongeza throughput, hivyo kusema, 769 00:35:02,910 --> 00:35:07,110 nini kugawanyika ni nzuri kwa ni kuchukua mafaili kubwa kama hii 770 00:35:07,110 --> 00:35:11,070 na akamtikisatikisa yao juu katika vipande vidogo vidogo kwa vipande, 771 00:35:11,070 --> 00:35:14,240 tutaweza kusema katika kesi hii, suala la mafanikio ya ambayo 772 00:35:14,240 --> 00:35:17,800 ni kwamba kwa sababu tu moja mtu ni monopolizing 773 00:35:17,800 --> 00:35:20,480 mtandao wako kwa kushusha kweli video files kubwa, 774 00:35:20,480 --> 00:35:24,110 wale video files bado ni kwenda kung'olewa katika vipande super ndogo 775 00:35:24,110 --> 00:35:26,950 na zinaa moja au zaidi kwa wakati. 776 00:35:26,950 --> 00:35:29,750 Hivyo kwamba kidogo ya mimi na paka wangu, au email yangu, 777 00:35:29,750 --> 00:35:32,900 au ujumbe wangu papo, au kitu muhimu zaidi kuliko yeyote mambo hayo 778 00:35:32,900 --> 00:35:37,604 Unaweza pia kuwa na fursa ya kwenda nje kutoka kwa kompyuta yako au nyumba yako 779 00:35:37,604 --> 00:35:38,770 kwa mapumziko ya internet. 780 00:35:38,770 --> 00:35:40,100 >> Na ni juu programu na ruta 781 00:35:40,100 --> 00:35:41,970 kuamua jinsi ya kutuma vitu hivi. 782 00:35:41,970 --> 00:35:44,370 Lakini hatimaye, wao wote kupata unafuu yao. 783 00:35:44,370 --> 00:35:49,950 Kama kando, kama wameweza milele mawazo kuhusu suala la, au kusoma kuhusu, 784 00:35:49,950 --> 00:35:52,162 Suala la neutralitet wavu? 785 00:35:52,162 --> 00:35:55,120 Net neutralitet, hii ilikuwa katika Vogue kwa muda kabisa, katika nchi hii, 786 00:35:55,120 --> 00:35:58,970 ambapo kisiasa ni akawa suala hotbed. 787 00:35:58,970 --> 00:36:02,930 Kwa sababu baadhi ya makampuni, kwa mfano, alitaka kuweka kipaumbele katika trafiki fulani 788 00:36:02,930 --> 00:36:03,870 juu ya wengine. 789 00:36:03,870 --> 00:36:06,610 Kwa mfano, watu walikuwa na wasiwasi kwamba labda 790 00:36:06,610 --> 00:36:12,160 Microsoft kwa Skype, au Google pamoja na Hangouts, au labda Netflix na video 791 00:36:12,160 --> 00:36:15,840 ingekuwa, labda, kuwa tayari kulipa Comcast, au Verizon, 792 00:36:15,840 --> 00:36:19,567 au ambaye anajua, hata serikali zaidi fedha kuweka kipaumbele katika trafiki yao. 793 00:36:19,567 --> 00:36:21,650 Sasa, ni nini kwamba kweli maana tekniskt? 794 00:36:21,650 --> 00:36:25,980 Hiyo inaweza kumaanisha kwamba ISP, juu ya kuona anwani ya IP fulani, 795 00:36:25,980 --> 00:36:28,500 inaweza kutoa pakiti hizo, bahasha hizo, kipaumbele. 796 00:36:28,500 --> 00:36:32,960 Juu ya kuona idadi fulani bandari, nguvu kutoa wale pakiti kipaumbele na, basi, 797 00:36:32,960 --> 00:36:35,840 polepole chini yangu ya barua pepe, au polepole chini huduma yangu. 798 00:36:35,840 --> 00:36:42,780 Na ni kweli tu majipu chini kipaumbele au ubora wa huduma 799 00:36:42,780 --> 00:36:44,647 kwa huduma hizi mbalimbali tofauti. 800 00:36:44,647 --> 00:36:46,980 Hivyo na kwamba ni jinsi gani ingekuwa yafanyike katika ngazi ya kiufundi. 801 00:36:46,980 --> 00:36:49,021 >> Hivyo katika kesi yoyote, sisi sasa na bahasha hizi nne. 802 00:36:49,021 --> 00:36:54,000 Mimi naenda kuweka robo moja ya paka katika bahasha hii, moja 803 00:36:54,000 --> 00:37:02,370 robo ya paka katika bahasha hii, robo moja katika bahasha hii. 804 00:37:02,370 --> 00:37:10,440 Na sasa, tuseme lengo langu ni kutuma hizi, hebu sema, kwa Jeffery. 805 00:37:10,440 --> 00:37:13,890 Kumbuka kwamba kama picha hapa unaonyesha, 806 00:37:13,890 --> 00:37:16,270 hawana wote lazima Una kuchukua njia ya sawa. 807 00:37:16,270 --> 00:37:20,467 >> Hivyo kama mimi cats.com server, Mimi nina ikijibu ombi Jeffery ya 808 00:37:20,467 --> 00:37:21,050 katika hadithi hii. 809 00:37:21,050 --> 00:37:22,510 Mimi nina kwenda kupita moja mbali hapa. 810 00:37:22,510 --> 00:37:24,250 Wao pengine kuanza katika eneo moja. 811 00:37:24,250 --> 00:37:26,980 Hivyo Arwa, kama unataka kuamua ambaye kwa njia hii na ijayo, 812 00:37:26,980 --> 00:37:28,690 unaweza kwenda mbele na kutuma kwa njia hiyo. 813 00:37:28,690 --> 00:37:31,120 Na wala kutuma kwa router moja kila wakati. 814 00:37:31,120 --> 00:37:31,640 >> [Chuckling] 815 00:37:31,640 --> 00:37:33,139 >> Hivyo Dan kupata kidogo msongamano. 816 00:37:33,139 --> 00:37:36,342 817 00:37:36,342 --> 00:37:37,920 Kuna kwenda. 818 00:37:37,920 --> 00:37:39,670 Sawa. 819 00:37:39,670 --> 00:37:41,837 Na hivyo wale haja ya kufanya njia yao kuzunguka chumba. 820 00:37:41,837 --> 00:37:44,378 Na tena, wewe kama router ujumla kujua Jeffery ya njia hiyo. 821 00:37:44,378 --> 00:37:45,840 Hivyo tu kuendelea kutuma kwa njia hiyo. 822 00:37:45,840 --> 00:37:53,170 823 00:37:53,170 --> 00:37:55,340 Na sasa, tuseme Dan hakuwa kabisa kufanya hivyo. 824 00:37:55,340 --> 00:37:59,290 Na hivyo pakiti hii got imeshuka pamoja njia, kama mimi anaweza kuiba kwamba mbali na wewe 825 00:37:59,290 --> 00:38:00,193 kwa nguvu, pole. 826 00:38:00,193 --> 00:38:06,150 827 00:38:06,150 --> 00:38:06,760 >> Nzuri sana. 828 00:38:06,760 --> 00:38:09,119 Ni si lazima zaidi kijiografia moja kwa moja njia. 829 00:38:09,119 --> 00:38:10,410 Bado kujaribu kupata na Jeffery. 830 00:38:10,410 --> 00:38:11,959 Na kamili. 831 00:38:11,959 --> 00:38:13,000 Sasa, hii ilikuwa makusudi. 832 00:38:13,000 --> 00:38:14,875 Sikuwa na maana ya kugonga mkono wako wakati mimi alifanya hivyo. 833 00:38:14,875 --> 00:38:17,720 Lakini pakiti 4 ya 4 alivyofanya kupata waliopotea au imeshuka. 834 00:38:17,720 --> 00:38:20,550 Na labda yaliyotokea kwa sababu kulikuwa na makosa vifaa. 835 00:38:20,550 --> 00:38:23,864 Labda hiyo ndiyo sababu Dan got overloaded au Andrew got overloaded. 836 00:38:23,864 --> 00:38:24,530 Lakini kilichotokea. 837 00:38:24,530 --> 00:38:26,488 Hivyo kama, Jefferey, wewe d kama kuiunganisha hiyo. 838 00:38:26,488 --> 00:38:29,700 Nini picha gani una mbele yenu sasa hivi? 839 00:38:29,700 --> 00:38:32,144 Kama Ningependa kuchukua ujumbe nje ya bahasha. 840 00:38:32,144 --> 00:38:33,840 >> Watazamaji: 1, 2, 3. 841 00:38:33,840 --> 00:38:37,570 >> DAVID J. Malan: Sawa, kwenda mbele na kufungua yao juu na kuchukua vipande vya paka nje. 842 00:38:37,570 --> 00:38:39,390 >> Watazamaji: [inaudible]. 843 00:38:39,390 --> 00:38:42,360 >> DAVID J. Malan: zote haki, hivyo tuna juu kushoto ya paka, 844 00:38:42,360 --> 00:38:47,760 haki ya chini, na chini kushoto. 845 00:38:47,760 --> 00:38:49,910 Hivyo sisi ni kukosa haki juu ya paka. 846 00:38:49,910 --> 00:38:53,770 Hivyo TCP, tena, ni huu itifaki kwamba mateke katika hapa. 847 00:38:53,770 --> 00:38:59,190 Hivyo Jeffery, juu ya kupokea 1, na 2, na 3 ya 4, katika hali hii, 848 00:38:59,190 --> 00:39:03,370 namna fulani inapeleka ujumbe nyuma yangu, kupitia baadhi route-- 849 00:39:03,370 --> 00:39:05,840 inaweza kuwa na idadi yoyote ya humle tofauti here-- kwamba anasema, 850 00:39:05,840 --> 00:39:06,798 hey, lakini kusubiri dakika. 851 00:39:06,798 --> 00:39:08,670 Kutuma upya 4 kati ya 4. 852 00:39:08,670 --> 00:39:12,480 >> Na hivyo kile nina kwenda na kufanya is-- ni wote data za elektroniki. 853 00:39:12,480 --> 00:39:15,740 Hivyo siwezi urahisi sana nakala paka ndani ya RAM yangu mwenyewe au kumbukumbu. 854 00:39:15,740 --> 00:39:17,950 Siwezi kuja na mwingine bahasha, kuweka nakala nyingine 855 00:39:17,950 --> 00:39:19,640 ya tu hii kipande kwa ufanisi. 856 00:39:19,640 --> 00:39:21,181 Sina kwa kutuma upya paka nzima. 857 00:39:21,181 --> 00:39:23,500 Siwezi kuiweka katika mpya bahasha, kutuma pande zote. 858 00:39:23,500 --> 00:39:26,290 Na baadhi ya idadi ya milliseconds baadaye, Jeffrey, hopefully, 859 00:39:26,290 --> 00:39:28,640 ina ukamilifu wa pakiti. 860 00:39:28,640 --> 00:39:30,860 Hivyo alichukua kidogo wakati wa kuwaambia hadithi hii. 861 00:39:30,860 --> 00:39:32,610 Na si kwamba maana. 862 00:39:32,610 --> 00:39:35,150 >> Kwa sababu kuna mengi ya utata kinachoendelea hapa. 863 00:39:35,150 --> 00:39:36,530 itifaki Haya si rahisi. 864 00:39:36,530 --> 00:39:39,040 Lakini kama unataka kuhakikisha utoaji kwa njia hii, 865 00:39:39,040 --> 00:39:42,540 unahitaji kuwa na hatua hizo za ziada, kwamba metadata ya ziada, kama wewe. 866 00:39:42,540 --> 00:39:45,230 >> Na tu toss mrefu nje huko, data kwamba sisi huduma ya juu 867 00:39:45,230 --> 00:39:46,860 ni kama paka ndani ya bahasha. 868 00:39:46,860 --> 00:39:50,227 Metadata, ambayo ni data hiyo ni muhimu lakini si kile Mimi kwa kweli 869 00:39:50,227 --> 00:39:52,310 huduma ya juu mwishoni mwa siku, ni mambo yote 870 00:39:52,310 --> 00:39:54,184 kwamba mimi aliandika juu ya nje ya envelope-- 871 00:39:54,184 --> 00:39:57,850 mitaani, marudio, bandari idadi, idadi mlolongo. 872 00:39:57,850 --> 00:39:58,850 Yote hayo ni metadata. 873 00:39:58,850 --> 00:39:59,560 Ni muhimu. 874 00:39:59,560 --> 00:40:02,591 Lakini siyo kile hatimaye wanataka nje ya shughuli ambayo nzima. 875 00:40:02,591 --> 00:40:04,840 Sasa, hii inaonekana pretty kulazimisha kwamba hakuna jambo gani, 876 00:40:04,840 --> 00:40:07,310 Jeffrey kupata nakala ya paka kwamba, kuchukua sisi 877 00:40:07,310 --> 00:40:10,160 kuwa na uhusiano wa kimwili kwake mwishoni mwa siku. 878 00:40:10,160 --> 00:40:12,680 Lakini kuna baadhi ya aina ya maombi 879 00:40:12,680 --> 00:40:16,980 ambapo kuhakikisha utoaji itakuwa kubuni mbaya 880 00:40:16,980 --> 00:40:21,424 uamuzi na kipengele undesirable? 881 00:40:21,424 --> 00:40:24,270 882 00:40:24,270 --> 00:40:27,280 Je, daima wanataka retransmit kama mimi mapendekezo tu sasa? 883 00:40:27,280 --> 00:40:31,935 884 00:40:31,935 --> 00:40:33,740 >> Watazamaji: Kulipa kwa ajili yake, mimi nadhani. 885 00:40:33,740 --> 00:40:36,182 >> DAVID J. Malan: Kama wewe kulipa, nini kinaweza maana? 886 00:40:36,182 --> 00:40:38,070 >> Watazamaji: [inaudible]. 887 00:40:38,070 --> 00:40:40,270 >> DAVID J. Malan: Oh, OK, swali zuri. 888 00:40:40,270 --> 00:40:42,620 Inaweza kupata mara mbili kushtakiwa kama ni kama kuangalia nje 889 00:40:42,620 --> 00:40:44,700 ya Amazon au kitu? 890 00:40:44,700 --> 00:40:46,090 Jibu fupi, hakuna. 891 00:40:46,090 --> 00:40:50,410 Kwa sababu katika kwamba vipande hivi ni, hivyo kusema, katika ngazi ya chini. 892 00:40:50,410 --> 00:40:53,910 Na wanahitaji kuwa reassembled kabla unaweza kweli kuwa na kushtakiwa. 893 00:40:53,910 --> 00:40:56,046 Hivyo wazo nzuri lakini si inatia mashaka katika kesi hii. 894 00:40:56,046 --> 00:41:01,930 895 00:41:01,930 --> 00:41:03,150 >> Hebu kujiuliza nyuma. 896 00:41:03,150 --> 00:41:06,484 Hivyo retransmitting required kidogo juhudi zaidi. 897 00:41:06,484 --> 00:41:07,900 Hiyo haoni kama mpango mkubwa. 898 00:41:07,900 --> 00:41:10,370 Lakini haina zinahitaji muda kidogo zaidi. 899 00:41:10,370 --> 00:41:13,030 >> Kwa sababu sasa, Jeffrey ana kusubiri milliseconds chache zaidi 900 00:41:13,030 --> 00:41:16,340 kupata kwamba kipande cha nne cha data tena. 901 00:41:16,340 --> 00:41:18,256 Ndogo blip, lakini itakuwa kupunguza mambo chini. 902 00:41:18,256 --> 00:41:19,880 Na labda biashara ya super inaishi. 903 00:41:19,880 --> 00:41:22,760 >> Na labda Andrew anaendelea kuacha pakiti juu ya sakafu. 904 00:41:22,760 --> 00:41:25,360 Hivyo ucheleweshaji hizi kuanza kukusanya. 905 00:41:25,360 --> 00:41:29,320 Basi baada ya muda, paka hii haina kuchukua 74 milliseconds ya kufika huko. 906 00:41:29,320 --> 00:41:31,390 Inachukua sekunde 1.5. 907 00:41:31,390 --> 00:41:35,100 >> Na labda picha ya pili ya paka inachukua ya pili nusu, sekunde mbili. 908 00:41:35,100 --> 00:41:37,850 Kwa maneno mengine, sisi kuanza bogging mambo chini. 909 00:41:37,850 --> 00:41:42,380 maombi kile anaweza kuwa annoying kuumiza vichwa vya njia hii? 910 00:41:42,380 --> 00:41:43,790 >> Watazamaji: Sehemu mito au sauti. 911 00:41:43,790 --> 00:41:47,110 >> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, hivyo nini kama wewe kuangalia mchezo wa baseball online, 912 00:41:47,110 --> 00:41:51,760 au nini kama wewe ni Skyping na mtu, au FaceTime, 913 00:41:51,760 --> 00:41:56,060 hasa katika kesi ya video conferencing, aina ya haikubaliki, 914 00:41:56,060 --> 00:42:01,260 wakati fulani, kuanza kusikia majibu yako binadamu pili marehemu. 915 00:42:01,260 --> 00:42:05,160 Je, si ni bora tu kuondoka kwamba pakiti juu ya ardhi, 916 00:42:05,160 --> 00:42:09,230 tu kuonyesha 3/4 ya paka, au katika kesi hiyo, mikutano video, 917 00:42:09,230 --> 00:42:13,030 kuonyesha 3/4 ya uso wangu na yangu kinywa kusonga kama mimi kuzungumza, 918 00:42:13,030 --> 00:42:16,097 na tu basi redio, katika uchache, kwenda kupitia, kwa mfano. 919 00:42:16,097 --> 00:42:17,930 Hivyo kuna wazo hili wa ubora wa huduma 920 00:42:17,930 --> 00:42:20,010 hapa, kwa ujumla zaidi, ambapo unajua nini, 921 00:42:20,010 --> 00:42:23,210 kwa kweli muda applications-- iwapo ni Streaming tukio la michezo 922 00:42:23,210 --> 00:42:26,490 au Streaming video conferencing-- labda huna haja zote za bits. 923 00:42:26,490 --> 00:42:29,140 Na labda ni kweli bora bite tu ulimi wako 924 00:42:29,140 --> 00:42:33,630 na kushika tu kulima mbele na data zaidi na zaidi, hawaangalii nyuma. 925 00:42:33,630 --> 00:42:36,620 Kwa sababu binadamu itakuwa kufikiri nje katika akili yake mwenyewe 926 00:42:36,620 --> 00:42:37,730 nini hasa amekosa. 927 00:42:37,730 --> 00:42:40,911 >> Na itakuwa zaidi annoying kwa buffer, buffer. 928 00:42:40,911 --> 00:42:41,410 Haki? 929 00:42:41,410 --> 00:42:44,110 Kuna jambo hili, pamoja na ambayo tuko wote wa utambuzi, 930 00:42:44,110 --> 00:42:51,140 ambapo mimi tu kuanza kuzungumza wakati akiwa, hiyo ni annoying kwa kweli kuwa 931 00:42:51,140 --> 00:42:52,540 kwamba, kusubiri kwa ajili yangu na kupata up. 932 00:42:52,540 --> 00:42:55,210 >> Labda ni bora kama wewe tu miss ya sekunde chache ya kile ninachosema. 933 00:42:55,210 --> 00:42:56,587 Lakini basi, inakuja nyuma imara. 934 00:42:56,587 --> 00:42:57,920 Hivyo ni tena, ni biashara-off. 935 00:42:57,920 --> 00:43:03,300 Na kwa kweli, itifaki ambayo inaruhusu ufanye kwamba bila kuwa na TCP, 936 00:43:03,300 --> 00:43:09,290 lakini kitu kinachoitwa UDP, ambayo ni tu itifaki mbalimbali kutumika 937 00:43:09,290 --> 00:43:12,690 wakati mwingine kwa mazingira hayo. 938 00:43:12,690 --> 00:43:13,440 Yeah, swali. 939 00:43:13,440 --> 00:43:21,990 >> Watazamaji: [inaudible] fulani [Inaudible] itifaki polepole [inaudible]? 940 00:43:21,990 --> 00:43:24,949 >> DAVID J. Malan: Kuacha polepole katika maana gani? 941 00:43:24,949 --> 00:43:28,200 >> Watazamaji: Nataka kupeleka yangu data kwa haraka iwezekanavyo. 942 00:43:28,200 --> 00:43:29,200 >> DAVID J. Malan: Sawa. 943 00:43:29,200 --> 00:43:32,700 >> Watazamaji: Kama mtu hataki [inaudible] 944 00:43:32,700 --> 00:43:36,940 kuhamisha kuacha [inaudible]. 945 00:43:36,940 --> 00:43:41,490 >> DAVID J. Malan: Oh, wewe kabisa inaweza kuingilia kati na yoyote ya data hii. 946 00:43:41,490 --> 00:43:44,810 Kwa mfano, kati ya wote wa humle, kati ya uhakika A na B, 947 00:43:44,810 --> 00:43:49,140 wote wa humle haya hapa anaweza kuamua tu Svartlistade data zote UDP. 948 00:43:49,140 --> 00:43:50,210 Wangeweza kuacha tu. 949 00:43:50,210 --> 00:43:52,924 Wangeweza nakala yake wakijua kwamba hii ni video data kwamba wao 950 00:43:52,924 --> 00:43:53,840 kutaka kuangalia. 951 00:43:53,840 --> 00:43:58,770 Hivyo katika muda mfupi, mtu yeyote na upatikanaji wa kuunganishwa wireless au wired 952 00:43:58,770 --> 00:44:01,660 kati ya pointi mbili naweza kabisa kuacha ni kama wanataka. 953 00:44:01,660 --> 00:44:03,570 >> Na kwa kweli, hata katika nyumba yetu ruta, ambayo 954 00:44:03,570 --> 00:44:05,540 ni hadithi tutaweza kurudi sasa, nguvu 955 00:44:05,540 --> 00:44:08,890 kuwa na mazingira ambapo unaweza kuwawezesha au kulemaza huduma fulani kama ni 956 00:44:08,890 --> 00:44:11,190 kwa sababu ya wazazi, au tu si kutaka 957 00:44:11,190 --> 00:44:16,890 watoto wako kuangalia video online, au kwa sababu ya ushirika pia. 958 00:44:16,890 --> 00:44:18,970 Hivyo kwa kweli, hebu nguvu dhidi mambo nyuma katika. 959 00:44:18,970 --> 00:44:21,580 >> Kwa sababu tumekuwa kuruhusiwa wenyewe kuangalia, sasa, 960 00:44:21,580 --> 00:44:24,230 wakati wote wa seva ndani ya biashara hapa. 961 00:44:24,230 --> 00:44:27,720 Lakini kama, mwisho wa siku, Mimi tu kujaribu kupata na Amazon, 962 00:44:27,720 --> 00:44:31,060 nini ni kwamba nyumba ndogo router kweli kufanya kwa ajili yangu? 963 00:44:31,060 --> 00:44:36,310 Naam, zinageuka kuwa router nyumbani, kwamba sisi ilivyoelezwa mapema, hiyo ni 964 00:44:36,310 --> 00:44:42,720 zote kuteka allra kubwa hapa, ina rundo zima la huduma kujengwa katika. 965 00:44:42,720 --> 00:44:46,650 >> Ina, kwa kawaida, DHCP server kujengwa katika. 966 00:44:46,650 --> 00:44:49,400 Ni mara nyingi ina upatikanaji wa uhakika kujengwa katika. 967 00:44:49,400 --> 00:44:52,560 Na kwamba ni mara nyingi kwa sababu ina hizi Antena, kama mambo haya hapa. 968 00:44:52,560 --> 00:44:55,590 Ni mara nyingi ina firewall kujengwa katika. 969 00:44:55,590 --> 00:45:00,900 >> Ni mara nyingi ina router, ambayo ni wake mwenyewe tofauti kipande cha utendaji, 970 00:45:00,900 --> 00:45:02,270 kujengwa katika. 971 00:45:02,270 --> 00:45:06,530 Ni wanaweza kuwa na kitu aitwaye server DNS kujengwa katika, 972 00:45:06,530 --> 00:45:07,931 kama si hata kazi nyingine. 973 00:45:07,931 --> 00:45:10,430 Basi hebu tease mbali tu michache ya waliobaki hapa. 974 00:45:10,430 --> 00:45:15,030 DHCP, tu kwa kurejea, anafanya nini? 975 00:45:15,030 --> 00:45:16,150 >> Watazamaji: inateua IP. 976 00:45:16,150 --> 00:45:16,530 >> DAVID J. Malan: Hasa. 977 00:45:16,530 --> 00:45:18,196 Inateua anwani ya IP na mambo mengine kadhaa. 978 00:45:18,196 --> 00:45:21,940 Itakuwa pia kukuambia Mac yangu au PC kile default router yangu ni 979 00:45:21,940 --> 00:45:24,560 na chache maelezo mengine, kama tuliona juu ya Mac screen yangu. 980 00:45:24,560 --> 00:45:27,694 Kupata uhakika tu ina maana, hizi siku, kwamba inasaidia Wi-Fi. 981 00:45:27,694 --> 00:45:29,860 Na wirelessly itaruhusu watu kuungana, tu 982 00:45:29,860 --> 00:45:32,260 kama cable kimwili kutoka yesteryear. 983 00:45:32,260 --> 00:45:36,380 >> Firewall kati ya majengo mawili au maduka mawili katika jengo, 984 00:45:36,380 --> 00:45:39,990 ni kifaa kimwili kwamba, walau, kuzuia moto 985 00:45:39,990 --> 00:45:42,440 kueneza kutoka duka moja hadi jingine. 986 00:45:42,440 --> 00:45:47,480 Katika dunia virtual, ni kuzuia data kutoka kupata kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine. 987 00:45:47,480 --> 00:45:49,740 Hivyo kwa kweli, kama yako mtandao wa nyumbani, au hata 988 00:45:49,740 --> 00:45:52,800 ushirika wako au chuo kikuu mtandao, na kwa namna fulani 989 00:45:52,800 --> 00:45:59,050 blacklisted, hebu sema, zote upatikanaji wa Facebook.com, 990 00:45:59,050 --> 00:46:03,450 deeming ni kupoteza muda, jinsi nguvu chuo kikuu yako, au nyumbani, 991 00:46:03,450 --> 00:46:07,380 au kampuni kufanya hivyo katika mazingira ya bahasha kama haya? 992 00:46:07,380 --> 00:46:12,190 >> Kwa maneno mengine, kama wote wa kompyuta yangu here-- mbali yangu na yoyote other-- 993 00:46:12,190 --> 00:46:14,900 ni namna fulani kuzungumza na biashara kupitia hii nyumbani 994 00:46:14,900 --> 00:46:20,460 router, au hii router ushirika, au hii router chuo kikuu, 995 00:46:20,460 --> 00:46:25,362 taarifa gani ingekuwa matumizi firewall ili kuzuia trafiki kutoka inapita? 996 00:46:25,362 --> 00:46:27,350 >> Watazamaji: [inaudible]. 997 00:46:27,350 --> 00:46:29,740 >> DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, hivyo kama wanajua kwamba mtandao wa Facebook 998 00:46:29,740 --> 00:46:33,170 server, kwenye mtandao, anwani ya IP 5.6.7.8, 999 00:46:33,170 --> 00:46:37,840 ni trivial kwa msimamizi wa mfumo configure firewall, tu kukataa 1000 00:46:37,840 --> 00:46:40,870 na kushuka bahasha wote zinazopelekwa kwa anuani ya barua kwamba IP. 1001 00:46:40,870 --> 00:46:44,290 Katika hali halisi, Facebook ina tofauti chache IPS, labda kadhaa, labda mamia. 1002 00:46:44,290 --> 00:46:47,020 Lakini kwa muda mrefu kama wale ni kujulikana hadharani, msimamizi 1003 00:46:47,020 --> 00:46:48,620 unaweza kweli Svartlistade wote wa wale. 1004 00:46:48,620 --> 00:46:52,505 >> Au kama si kwamba inawezekana, kwa sababu tu Facebook, labda, ina IPS wengi mno 1005 00:46:52,505 --> 00:46:55,440 au wao kubadilika mara kwa mara pia, vizuri, ni zamu nje, kama tutaweza kuona, 1006 00:46:55,440 --> 00:46:57,440 wakati wowote wewe kufanya kuomba kwa ajili ya ukurasa wa mtandao, 1007 00:46:57,440 --> 00:47:00,621 kama Facebook.com, badala ya kuna kuwa paka katika bahasha, 1008 00:47:00,621 --> 00:47:01,870 kuna kwenda kuwa kutaja. 1009 00:47:01,870 --> 00:47:07,780 Oh, user hii anataka Facebook.com/MarkZuckerberg.php 1010 00:47:07,780 --> 00:47:09,360 au chochote file inaweza kuwa. 1011 00:47:09,360 --> 00:47:12,590 >> Hivyo unaweza kuangalia tu ndani ya bahasha na kuona, loo, hii ni for Facebook. 1012 00:47:12,590 --> 00:47:13,650 Mimi nina kwenda kushuka sasa. 1013 00:47:13,650 --> 00:47:16,610 Unaweza kuangalia ndani ya bahasha kama firewall vilevile. 1014 00:47:16,610 --> 00:47:20,560 >> Hivyo firewall, katika muda mfupi, Unaweza kuangalia anwani ya IP. 1015 00:47:20,560 --> 00:47:22,240 Ni inaweza kuangalia idadi bandari. 1016 00:47:22,240 --> 00:47:26,560 Ni inaweza kuangalia ndani ya bahasha. 1017 00:47:26,560 --> 00:47:29,360 >> Na kwa idadi bandari, hii ni moja ya kuvutia sana. 1018 00:47:29,360 --> 00:47:33,410 firewall, kwa hiyo, inaweza kuzuia, inaonekana, yote kupata mtandao, kama inataka, 1019 00:47:33,410 --> 00:47:37,060 tu kwa blacklisting bahasha yoyote kwamba kuwa na idadi 80 juu yao, 1020 00:47:37,060 --> 00:47:43,600 au yote email na blacklisting bandari 25, au kuzuia FTP, kwa kuzuia bandari 21. 1021 00:47:43,600 --> 00:47:45,250 Na orodha inaendelea na juu ya. 1022 00:47:45,250 --> 00:47:49,810 >> Kama kando, kufanya yoyote ya matumizi DNS Google server-- 8.8.8.8? 1023 00:47:49,810 --> 00:47:51,420 Je, hii sauti familiar? 1024 00:47:51,420 --> 00:47:51,950 Hakuna? 1025 00:47:51,950 --> 00:47:56,615 >> Hivyo zinageuka unaweza configure yako kompyuta kwa kutumia anwani desturi. 1026 00:47:56,615 --> 00:47:58,490 Na tutaweza kuja nyuma hii katika muda tu. 1027 00:47:58,490 --> 00:48:01,100 Na ni kawaida sana kwa ajili ya ushirika mitandao na mitandao hoteli 1028 00:48:01,100 --> 00:48:03,750 kuzuia aina hiyo ya Jambo, kama tutaweza hivi karibuni kuona. 1029 00:48:03,750 --> 00:48:06,460 >> Hivyo kidogo ya mwisho ya utendaji, basi, hapa ni router na DNS. 1030 00:48:06,460 --> 00:48:08,116 router, tena, rahisi sana wazo. 1031 00:48:08,116 --> 00:48:09,990 Ni tu data njia kushoto, kulia, juu, na chini 1032 00:48:09,990 --> 00:48:12,156 msingi waya na kuunganishwa kwamba ina, 1033 00:48:12,156 --> 00:48:16,470 kama ni mtandao ndogo ndogo za nyumbani au moja kubwa kwenye mtandao yenyewe. 1034 00:48:16,470 --> 00:48:20,540 Hivyo DNS ni ya mwisho ya Vifupisho kubwa hapa. 1035 00:48:20,540 --> 00:48:24,030 >> Je DNS server nini? 1036 00:48:24,030 --> 00:48:27,338 Ni muhimu sana utendaji mara nyingi kujengwa katika router nyumbani. 1037 00:48:27,338 --> 00:48:31,750 1038 00:48:31,750 --> 00:48:34,350 Naam, sisi si kabisa kushikamana dots mbili hapa. 1039 00:48:34,350 --> 00:48:40,300 Wakati mimi aina nje Amazon.com au cats.com katika browser yangu, kwa namna fulani au nyingine 1040 00:48:40,300 --> 00:48:43,810 kwamba mwisho juu juu ya bahasha, labda, na Amazon au cats.com 1041 00:48:43,810 --> 00:48:47,560 juu ya ndani ya bahasha, kama mimi mapendekezo na Facebook. 1042 00:48:47,560 --> 00:48:51,157 >> Lakini nini ina kwenda juu ya nje, tumekuwa akisema? 1043 00:48:51,157 --> 00:48:52,240 Watazamaji: IP address-- 1044 00:48:52,240 --> 00:48:53,040 DAVID J. Malan: anwani ya IP. 1045 00:48:53,040 --> 00:48:54,560 Watazamaji: [inaudible] jina lake kwa anwani ya IP. 1046 00:48:54,560 --> 00:48:55,560 DAVID J. Malan: Hasa. 1047 00:48:55,560 --> 00:49:00,090 DNS server, Domain Jina System server, ni madhumuni pekee katika maisha 1048 00:49:00,090 --> 00:49:04,350 ni kutafsiri majina ya uwanja kwa anwani ya IP na kinyume chake. 1049 00:49:04,350 --> 00:49:08,180 Na hivyo, pia, unaweza kufikiria kama big Excel file na columns-- mbili 1050 00:49:08,180 --> 00:49:11,520 majina ya uwanja katika moja na IP katika nyingine. 1051 00:49:11,520 --> 00:49:13,280 Lakini ni file hasa kubwa. 1052 00:49:13,280 --> 00:49:17,490 >> Na zinageuka kuwa wakati mimi kugeuka juu ya Uwanja wa Ndege uliokithiri yangu, au Linksys yangu 1053 00:49:17,490 --> 00:49:20,890 kifaa, au yangu kifaa D-Link, au chochote una nyumbani, 1054 00:49:20,890 --> 00:49:24,170 Hakika, kwamba kifaa kidogo gani sijui kuhusu, mapema, 1055 00:49:24,170 --> 00:49:27,332 anwani zote iwezekanavyo IP na wote majina iwezekanavyo uwanja katika dunia. 1056 00:49:27,332 --> 00:49:28,040 Kwa sababu ni hawawezi. 1057 00:49:28,040 --> 00:49:31,290 Kwa sababu nini kama mtu ananunua uwanja jina kesho, kuiweka kwenye mtandao? 1058 00:49:31,290 --> 00:49:33,581 >> Ni d kuwa nzuri kama nyumba yako router bado anaweza kupata huduma hiyo. 1059 00:49:33,581 --> 00:49:34,800 Na hakika, wanaweza. 1060 00:49:34,800 --> 00:49:38,210 Hivyo ni zamu nje kuna nzima uongozi wa servrar DNS duniani. 1061 00:49:38,210 --> 00:49:39,800 >> nyumba yako router, kawaida, ana moja. 1062 00:49:39,800 --> 00:49:42,540 Lakini ni tu ni Caching DNS server. 1063 00:49:42,540 --> 00:49:47,020 Na kwa cache I mean C-A-C-H-E, ambapo ni tu maduka nakala za maelezo 1064 00:49:47,020 --> 00:49:48,020 muda mfupi. 1065 00:49:48,020 --> 00:49:52,090 Lakini kama nina huduma ya internet kupitia Comcast, au Verizon, au RCN, 1066 00:49:52,090 --> 00:49:55,210 wachuuzi maarufu sana ndani ya nchi katika Marekani, au kampuni nyingine yoyote, 1067 00:49:55,210 --> 00:49:58,500 au hata Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard, Harvard, na Comcast, na Verizon, 1068 00:49:58,500 --> 00:50:01,090 na ISP lako zote na wao watumishi mwenyewe DNS. 1069 00:50:01,090 --> 00:50:03,080 >> Na wao pia, cache habari. 1070 00:50:03,080 --> 00:50:06,960 Lakini pia kuna baadhi maalum big DNS watumishi katika dunia, angalau 13, 1071 00:50:06,960 --> 00:50:11,420 kinachojulikana seva mzizi kwamba kujua wapi zote dot coms ni, na anajua ambapo 1072 00:50:11,420 --> 00:50:13,470 nyavu zote dot ni, na wote dot orgs, 1073 00:50:13,470 --> 00:50:17,000 na wote wa kadhaa na kadhaa ya ngazi nyingine juu domains siku hizi. 1074 00:50:17,000 --> 00:50:19,010 Na hivyo kuna hii mfumo mzima wa kihierarkia 1075 00:50:19,010 --> 00:50:26,480 kwa DNS kwamba kama hamjui na up yako juu hana, hopefully, 1076 00:50:26,480 --> 00:50:28,250 up yako juu ya juu juu anajua. 1077 00:50:28,250 --> 00:50:30,449 Kwa sababu mume hatimaye ataacha hapa. 1078 00:50:30,449 --> 00:50:32,490 Na hivyo, kama tutaweza kuona, wakati kununua jina la uwanja, 1079 00:50:32,490 --> 00:50:35,980 wewe ni kimsingi kuhabarisha moja ya folks haya juu. 1080 00:50:35,980 --> 00:50:39,450 Na habari trickles chini ya kompyuta nyingine zote kwenye mtandao. 1081 00:50:39,450 --> 00:50:40,550 Lakini kuna hatari hapa. 1082 00:50:40,550 --> 00:50:47,600 >> Tuseme kwamba Comcast ni ghafla kuchukuliwa zaidi na mtu ambaye hana, Comcast 1083 00:50:47,600 --> 00:50:49,344 anataka kuweka Picha nje ya biashara. 1084 00:50:49,344 --> 00:50:51,260 Jinsi gani Comcast kwenda juu kuweka Picha nje 1085 00:50:51,260 --> 00:50:54,490 ya biashara kwa ajili ya watu wachache kabisa? 1086 00:50:54,490 --> 00:50:56,430 Ni nini configure wake DNS server kufanya nini? 1087 00:50:56,430 --> 00:51:02,090 1088 00:51:02,090 --> 00:51:02,840 Ungefanya nini? 1089 00:51:02,840 --> 00:51:03,840 >> Watazamaji: Tu kuzuia. 1090 00:51:03,840 --> 00:51:04,500 Tu kuzuia. 1091 00:51:04,500 --> 00:51:05,916 >> DAVID J. Malan: Tu kuzuia, haki? 1092 00:51:05,916 --> 00:51:08,840 Hivyo kama mimi nina Comcast, na labda Mimi nina Mkurugenzi Mtendaji nontechnical, 1093 00:51:08,840 --> 00:51:12,680 I have just alitangaza amri, hawana basi wateja wetu kwenda Facebook.com. 1094 00:51:12,680 --> 00:51:14,770 Kwa sababu kwa ajili ya chochote biashara sababu, tuko 1095 00:51:14,770 --> 00:51:16,810 si kucheza nicely na haki yao sasa. 1096 00:51:16,810 --> 00:51:17,720 >> Naam, unafanya nini? 1097 00:51:17,720 --> 00:51:19,540 Ni utekelezaji pretty yasiyo na maana. 1098 00:51:19,540 --> 00:51:21,640 Wewe tu na kuuliza baadhi msimamizi wa mfumo 1099 00:51:21,640 --> 00:51:25,770 tweak DNS server kusema, kama wewe kupokea maombi ya Facebook.com, 1100 00:51:25,770 --> 00:51:30,746 wala kujibu kwa anwani ya IP, au kujibu kwa bogus one-- 1.2.3.4, 1101 00:51:30,746 --> 00:51:31,620 ambayo ni maana. 1102 00:51:31,620 --> 00:51:33,340 Kwa sababu haina ni mali ya Facebook. 1103 00:51:33,340 --> 00:51:35,500 >> Na kwa kweli, baadhi ya nchi wamekuwa anajulikana 1104 00:51:35,500 --> 00:51:38,162 kwa kufanya hivyo, ambapo kama wameweza alitaka Svartlistade 1105 00:51:38,162 --> 00:51:40,620 baadhi sites-- aina hii ya firewall kubwa ya China, ambayo 1106 00:51:40,620 --> 00:51:42,410 inaweza kutekelezwa katika idadi yoyote ya ways-- 1107 00:51:42,410 --> 00:51:45,560 inaweza kufanya hasa hili tu kwa kuzingatia DNS peke yake. 1108 00:51:45,560 --> 00:51:48,680 Hivyo kama wewe tweak user yako DNS server kujibu tu 1109 00:51:48,680 --> 00:51:54,000 hakuna au DNS au majibu bogus, unaweza kwa urahisi sana kuzuia upatikanaji. 1110 00:51:54,000 --> 00:51:57,730 >> Sasa, kama mimi alidokeza awali, na hii ni tu 1111 00:51:57,730 --> 00:52:00,630 jinsi mtandao wasiojua ingekuwa kufanya hivyo, naweza kweli 1112 00:52:00,630 --> 00:52:03,730 kwenda katika Mac yangu, bonyeza DNS, ambayo taarifa sasa ni, hopefully, 1113 00:52:03,730 --> 00:52:04,750 mwingine ukoo tab. 1114 00:52:04,750 --> 00:52:09,200 Labda kidogo iliyopita, wewe tu alijua nini mrefu Wi-Fi maana. 1115 00:52:09,200 --> 00:52:11,280 Sasa, hopefully, tunajua kidogo zaidi kuhusu TCP / IP. 1116 00:52:11,280 --> 00:52:12,820 Sasa, tuna DNS. 1117 00:52:12,820 --> 00:52:16,400 >> Haya, inaonekana, ni servrar DNS kwamba Harvard ina moja kwa moja 1118 00:52:16,400 --> 00:52:17,680 kwa ajili ya kompyuta yangu. 1119 00:52:17,680 --> 00:52:21,130 Wakati nilivyosema awali kwamba DHCP inatoa mimi zaidi kuliko tu anwani ya IP, 1120 00:52:21,130 --> 00:52:22,640 anatoa router yangu. 1121 00:52:22,640 --> 00:52:26,370 Pia hunipa DNS moja au zaidi seva ambazo natakiwa kutumia wakati 1122 00:52:26,370 --> 00:52:27,840 hapa kwenye mtandao Harvard. 1123 00:52:27,840 --> 00:52:31,086 >> Mimi kweli anaweza kupuuza hii na kubonyeza, loo, siwezi. 1124 00:52:31,086 --> 00:52:32,460 Kwa sababu mimi niko kwenye akaunti ya mgeni. 1125 00:52:32,460 --> 00:52:36,730 OK, hivyo kama mimi naweza kweli bonyeza kimwili hii ni ishara plus, 1126 00:52:36,730 --> 00:52:39,310 Mimi naweza aina katika server yoyote DNS nataka. 1127 00:52:39,310 --> 00:52:45,060 >> moja maarufu ya kutumia ni 8.8.8.8, ambayo Google kununuliwa baadhi ya wakati uliopita. 1128 00:52:45,060 --> 00:52:50,220 Na kama Mac yangu basi mimi, mimi naweza kisha kuwaambia Mac yangu mwenyewe hapa, 1129 00:52:50,220 --> 00:52:51,900 hawatumii Harvard DNS server. 1130 00:52:51,900 --> 00:52:54,610 Matumizi ya Google badala yake. 1131 00:52:54,610 --> 00:52:58,617 >> Hivyo hii ni njia ya kawaida ya kuepuka ama moja vikwazo mfumo, 1132 00:52:58,617 --> 00:52:59,950 kama wale sisi tu ilivyoelezwa. 1133 00:52:59,950 --> 00:53:03,810 Kama uko hafifu kutekelezwa, wewe Unaweza kutumia tu tofauti DNS server. 1134 00:53:03,810 --> 00:53:07,250 Sana katika Vogue juu ya nyumbani ISPs, na pengine wewe pia, 1135 00:53:07,250 --> 00:53:09,990 kama wameweza milele alifanya typo wakati kuandika nje jina la uwanja, 1136 00:53:09,990 --> 00:53:12,370 unapaswa tu kupata kosa ujumbe kutoka browser yako. 1137 00:53:12,370 --> 00:53:13,828 Hiyo ni nini re iliyoundwa kufanya. 1138 00:53:13,828 --> 00:53:16,080 404 au, kwa kweli katika hili kesi, kitu tofauti, 1139 00:53:16,080 --> 00:53:18,580 unaweza kupata batili majibu ukurasa. 1140 00:53:18,580 --> 00:53:22,620 Lakini baadhi yenu, je, umewahi kuona matangazo kama wewe kufanya typo 1141 00:53:22,620 --> 00:53:23,890 na mistype jina la uwanja? 1142 00:53:23,890 --> 00:53:27,600 Kama ni hivyo, inawezekana, na Comcast imekuwa inajulikana kufanya hivyo. 1143 00:53:27,600 --> 00:53:33,470 Wao, obnoxiously sana, mapenzi kukatiza sahihi DNS lookups. 1144 00:53:33,470 --> 00:53:36,380 >> Kama aina Facebook.com lakini kufanya typo, 1145 00:53:36,380 --> 00:53:40,030 wao itabidi kurudi IP na wewe, si Facebook ya lakini moja 1146 00:53:40,030 --> 00:53:42,880 ya matangazo Comcast IP servrar ' 1147 00:53:42,880 --> 00:53:45,540 hivyo kwamba, basi, ghafla kuona matangazo, na labda alipendekeza 1148 00:53:45,540 --> 00:53:47,250 misspellings, na kadhalika. 1149 00:53:47,250 --> 00:53:50,420 Hivyo baadhi ya watu wanaweza kutumia Google kufanya kazi kwa kuzunguka kwamba. 1150 00:53:50,420 --> 00:53:53,645 Wakati mwingine ni ya kawaida sana katika hoteli, na viwanja vya ndege, na kama 1151 00:53:53,645 --> 00:53:55,960 ambapo servrar DNS ni mbaya tu. 1152 00:53:55,960 --> 00:53:56,940 Au wao ni kuvunjwa tu. 1153 00:53:56,940 --> 00:53:58,210 Au wao uko haifanyi kazi. 1154 00:53:58,210 --> 00:54:00,710 >> Hivyo mara nyingi sana, kama mimi si kupata internet kuunganishwa 1155 00:54:00,710 --> 00:54:03,270 lakini icon wangu unaonyesha mimi lazima juu ya mtandao, 1156 00:54:03,270 --> 00:54:05,706 Mimi itabidi manually mabadiliko yangu DNS server tu Google 1157 00:54:05,706 --> 00:54:06,830 ili kuona kama ni kuanza kufanya kazi. 1158 00:54:06,830 --> 00:54:10,540 Na mara mbili kati ya 10, kwamba Inaonekana ya kutatua tatizo. 1159 00:54:10,540 --> 00:54:14,320 Na takeaway hapa si sana zote hizi silly kidogo kazi-arounds 1160 00:54:14,320 --> 00:54:15,840 lakini kwa nini wao kweli kazi. 1161 00:54:15,840 --> 00:54:19,920 >> Wewe tu kuwaambia kompyuta yako kwa kuzungumza na baadhi kifaa kingine badala yake. 1162 00:54:19,920 --> 00:54:24,100 Hivyo hii router nyumbani, kwamba waweza kuwa na kulipwa dola 0 au zaidi kwa 1163 00:54:24,100 --> 00:54:28,560 kuweka katika nyumba yako, ni kufanya yote ya utendaji hii na hata zaidi 1164 00:54:28,560 --> 00:54:30,300 wote tu katika hii sanduku kidogo kidogo. 1165 00:54:30,300 --> 00:54:33,740 Lakini wakati sisi kulipuka huu hadithi ya biashara nzima, 1166 00:54:33,740 --> 00:54:36,260 inaelekea kuwa na ari watumishi na kompyuta kufanya 1167 00:54:36,260 --> 00:54:38,460 kila mmoja huduma hizo binafsi. 1168 00:54:38,460 --> 00:54:41,201 Lakini nyumba zetu ni kidogo tu microcosms ya hadithi nzima. 1169 00:54:41,201 --> 00:54:44,730 1170 00:54:44,730 --> 00:54:45,950 >> Maswali yoyote? 1171 00:54:45,950 --> 00:54:47,871 Yeah. 1172 00:54:47,871 --> 00:54:48,720 Yeah, Dan? 1173 00:54:48,720 --> 00:54:52,330 >> Watazamaji: Mapema, wewe kuongelea bandari, bandari maalum, 1174 00:54:52,330 --> 00:54:54,614 lakini ni huduma maalum. 1175 00:54:54,614 --> 00:54:59,476 Hivyo kwa mfano, wewe alisema kama mimi wala kuzuia huduma fulani, 1176 00:54:59,476 --> 00:55:02,248 Nasema hawana kuingia kwamba bandari? 1177 00:55:02,248 --> 00:55:06,620 Je, inawezekana kwa ajili ya huduma kwa kukamilika kupitia bandari? 1178 00:55:06,620 --> 00:55:08,410 >> DAVID J. Malan: Ni kweli. 1179 00:55:08,410 --> 00:55:10,939 Ndiyo, kwa kweli, wewe mara nyingi kupata kwenye mtandao 1180 00:55:10,939 --> 00:55:13,230 kwamba bandari tu kwamba ni kuruhusiwa ni, kwa mfano, 1181 00:55:13,230 --> 00:55:15,135 bandari 80 na 443-- trafiki mtandao. 1182 00:55:15,135 --> 00:55:18,420 Hii ni kawaida sana katika hoteli au viwanja vya ndege 1183 00:55:18,420 --> 00:55:22,317 ambako kujikinai kufikiri, eh, 90 pamoja na asilimia ya watumiaji wetu 1184 00:55:22,317 --> 00:55:23,650 tu wanahitaji huduma hizi anyway. 1185 00:55:23,650 --> 00:55:24,970 Hebu kuzuia kila kitu kingine. 1186 00:55:24,970 --> 00:55:29,590 >> Na kwamba majani watu kama mimi nje baridi, nje ya kavu, Hung nje ya kukausha. 1187 00:55:29,590 --> 00:55:34,040 Kwa sababu siwezi kupata servrar fulani katika Harvard, ambayo kutumia bandari tofauti. 1188 00:55:34,040 --> 00:55:36,840 Mimi naweza, preemptively kabla ya kuondoka chuo hicho, 1189 00:55:36,840 --> 00:55:40,720 mabadiliko ya server yangu maalum kutumia bandari 80 au 443. 1190 00:55:40,720 --> 00:55:44,560 Japokuwa ubinadamu imeamua kwamba wanapaswa kuwa kwa mtandao trafiki, 1191 00:55:44,560 --> 00:55:45,666 haina kuwa. 1192 00:55:45,666 --> 00:55:47,540 Siwezi kutuma barua pepe yangu kupitia kwamba au kama. 1193 00:55:47,540 --> 00:55:50,668 >> Watazamaji: Hivyo kwamba alikuwa yangu Swali la pili kwa hilo. 1194 00:55:50,668 --> 00:55:52,060 Hivyo ubinadamu aliamua. 1195 00:55:52,060 --> 00:55:55,992 Je, kuna orodha iliyochapishwa mahali fulani kwamba kusema hizi ni njia bora kabla? 1196 00:55:55,992 --> 00:55:56,950 DAVID J. Malan: Kwa hakika. 1197 00:55:56,950 --> 00:56:04,480 Na kwa kweli, kama mimi kwenda hapa, kawaida TCP bandari, hapa sisi kwenda. 1198 00:56:04,480 --> 00:56:07,230 On Wikipedia yenyewe ni wimbo wa kwanza. 1199 00:56:07,230 --> 00:56:08,790 Hapa ni bandari maalumu. 1200 00:56:08,790 --> 00:56:13,480 >> Hivyo orodha, hadi kimsingi 1,024, ni sanifu sana, 1201 00:56:13,480 --> 00:56:14,630 na hata baadhi ya zaidi ya hapo. 1202 00:56:14,630 --> 00:56:16,750 Hivyo kuna mengi ya huduma that-- 1203 00:56:16,750 --> 00:56:20,220 >> Watazamaji: Hivyo kama ungekuwa kuendeleza huduma, katika nadharia, 1204 00:56:20,220 --> 00:56:24,711 unapaswa kwenda huko na kuamua nini bandari mistari kwa ajili ya huduma hiyo? 1205 00:56:24,711 --> 00:56:25,710 DAVID J. Malan: Sahihi. 1206 00:56:25,710 --> 00:56:28,330 Na kama wameweza kuja na baadhi ya maombi mapya, kama Napster 1207 00:56:28,330 --> 00:56:31,977 nyuma katika siku moja au kama Whatsapp zaidi modernly, ungekuwa ujumla, 1208 00:56:31,977 --> 00:56:34,810 kama wewe ni designer mzuri, ungekuwa tuangalie orodha kama hii 1209 00:56:34,810 --> 00:56:37,580 na kuhakikisha wewe ni kuchagua idadi hiyo ni ndani mbalimbali 1210 00:56:37,580 --> 00:56:39,455 kwamba unapaswa kuwa kuchagua kutoka, kimsingi 1211 00:56:39,455 --> 00:56:43,445 big idadi ya kutosha kwamba hakuna mtu mwingine imechagua. 1212 00:56:43,445 --> 00:56:45,756 >> Watazamaji: Hiyo itakuwa kuhusu miundo bandari, sahihi? 1213 00:56:45,756 --> 00:56:47,130 DAVID J. Malan: Correct, sahihi. 1214 00:56:47,130 --> 00:56:47,879 Na kuna mengi. 1215 00:56:47,879 --> 00:56:50,130 I mean, bandari idadi ni ujumla namba 16-bit, 1216 00:56:50,130 --> 00:56:53,800 ambayo inatoa 65,536 uwezekano. 1217 00:56:53,800 --> 00:56:56,170 Na ni wachache tu ya wale ni kweli sanifu. 1218 00:56:56,170 --> 00:57:00,420 >> Na ukweli ni kuna kiasi tu huduma nyingi maarufu siku hizi. 1219 00:57:00,420 --> 00:57:02,594 Kwa hiyo, kuna kweli si ubishi kwamba mengi. 1220 00:57:02,594 --> 00:57:03,760 Hivyo si jambo kubwa sana. 1221 00:57:03,760 --> 00:57:08,690 >> Lakini kutokana na wajanja shahada ya kwanza ya mtazamo au mpinzani 1222 00:57:08,690 --> 00:57:13,430 ndani ya nchi, waweza kweli, kama nchi, au chombo ushirika, 1223 00:57:13,430 --> 00:57:16,630 au chuo kikuu ni kuzuia fulani trafiki, nini kawaida sana 1224 00:57:16,630 --> 00:57:20,300 kufanyika, na watu kisasa ya kutosha, itakuwa handaki, hivyo kusema, 1225 00:57:20,300 --> 00:57:22,720 kwa njia zote za wao trafiki na bahasha 1226 00:57:22,720 --> 00:57:26,860 kwamba si kusema nini wanapaswa kusema, lakini badala tu kwa kutumia 80 kwa kila kitu. 1227 00:57:26,860 --> 00:57:31,080 Hata kama ni FaceTime, au Skype, au shughuli za fedha, au chochote, 1228 00:57:31,080 --> 00:57:33,687 wewe tu kufanya ni kuangalia kama ni kweli trafiki mtandao. 1229 00:57:33,687 --> 00:57:35,770 Na bado bora ni mwingine ufumbuzi kwamba Victoria 1230 00:57:35,770 --> 00:57:38,070 alluded mapema, ambayo ni VPN. 1231 00:57:38,070 --> 00:57:41,720 >> Na mara nyingi kabisa ni VPN trafiki kuruhusiwa kwenye mtandao. 1232 00:57:41,720 --> 00:57:45,500 Kwa kweli, nikajikuta kawaida katika viwanja vya ndege, na hoteli, na juu ya ndege 1233 00:57:45,500 --> 00:57:48,030 ambapo siwezi kupata baadhi ya seva salama katika Harvard. 1234 00:57:48,030 --> 00:57:52,520 Kwa sababu wao ni mbio juu ya haki bandari isiyo ya kawaida numbers-- 555 au chochote 1235 00:57:52,520 --> 00:57:53,800 idadi inaweza kuwa. 1236 00:57:53,800 --> 00:57:59,090 >> Lakini kama mimi kwanza kuungana kupitia VPN kutoka kwamba ndege au hoteli kwa Harvard 1237 00:57:59,090 --> 00:58:01,650 University, nini VPN gani ni nini? 1238 00:58:01,650 --> 00:58:04,470 Je, unajua nini ni gani kwa ajili yenu chini ya Hood, Victoria? 1239 00:58:04,470 --> 00:58:08,520 >> Watazamaji: Naam, itakuwa labda mabadiliko server [inaudible]. 1240 00:58:08,520 --> 00:58:09,520 DAVID J. Malan: Ni anafanya. 1241 00:58:09,520 --> 00:58:10,020 Inafanya. 1242 00:58:10,020 --> 00:58:13,062 Ni inafanya kuangalia, kwa mtu mwingine, kama wewe ni kuja kutoka sehemu nyingine. 1243 00:58:13,062 --> 00:58:15,561 Inaonekana kama wewe ni kuja kutoka makao makuu yako ya ushirika 1244 00:58:15,561 --> 00:58:16,780 wakati kutembelea baadhi ya maeneo. 1245 00:58:16,780 --> 00:58:20,830 Na nini pia haina ni tunnels, hivyo kusema, yote ya trafiki yako, 1246 00:58:20,830 --> 00:58:24,010 iwe ni barua pepe, au mtandao, au uchapishaji, au kama zote 1247 00:58:24,010 --> 00:58:26,580 kwa njia hii encrypted channel kati ya wewe 1248 00:58:26,580 --> 00:58:28,890 na ushirika yako makao makuu, kwa kawaida, 1249 00:58:28,890 --> 00:58:35,230 hivyo kwamba hakuna one-- ikiwa ni pamoja na ndani ya nchi, au ndege, au cafe-- 1250 00:58:35,230 --> 00:58:37,694 anajua nini ndani ya encrypted handaki yako. 1251 00:58:37,694 --> 00:58:39,110 Na hivyo inaonekana kama kelele random. 1252 00:58:39,110 --> 00:58:41,318 Na hivyo mara nyingi sana, VPN kazi kote aina wale 1253 00:58:41,318 --> 00:58:44,700 vikwazo bandari, pia, kama VPN bandari yenyewe si 1254 00:58:44,700 --> 00:58:47,450 imefungwa, ambayo wakati mwingine ni kesi. 1255 00:58:47,450 --> 00:58:49,740 Na Dacosta, wewe sisi ni juu ya kusema? 1256 00:58:49,740 --> 00:58:55,765 >> Watazamaji: Je, wakati [Inaudible] kuruka hasa 1257 00:58:55,765 --> 00:59:08,710 kutumia [inaudible] anaweza kuruka kundi ya [inaudible] Je, wingu hii tofauti? 1258 00:59:08,710 --> 00:59:12,670 Nini [inaudible] kuruka? [Inaudible] thamani [inaudible] 1259 00:59:12,670 --> 00:59:15,535 1260 00:59:15,535 --> 00:59:17,785 DAVID J. Malan: Na kwa kuruka, nini maana ya hasa? 1261 00:59:17,785 --> 00:59:19,659 Watazamaji: Kwamba wao ingekuwa kuzuia, [inaudible]. 1262 00:59:19,659 --> 00:59:25,662 1263 00:59:25,662 --> 00:59:28,120 DAVID J. Malan: Oh, na ni kuvunjwa ndani ya nchi aliyopewa? 1264 00:59:28,120 --> 00:59:29,060 Watazamaji: Ndiyo, ni imefungwa. 1265 00:59:29,060 --> 00:59:29,700 DAVID J. Malan: Oh, imefungwa. 1266 00:59:29,700 --> 00:59:32,070 Hivyo inaweza kutekelezwa katika idadi yoyote ya njia. 1267 00:59:32,070 --> 00:59:37,670 rahisi, tena, itakuwa kwamba nchi na mtu yeyote ndani yake, kupitia DNS, 1268 00:59:37,670 --> 00:59:42,140 wao si tu kurudi IP na wewe wakati wewe kutembelea Facebook.com. 1269 00:59:42,140 --> 00:59:45,090 Mbili, wanaweza kweli kuangalia ndani ya bahasha ya kila mtu 1270 00:59:45,090 --> 00:59:47,640 na kuona kama maombi hayo zinaongozwa kwa Facebook.com. 1271 00:59:47,640 --> 00:59:50,734 Katika kesi ambayo, wangeweza vile vile kuzuia trafiki pia. 1272 00:59:50,734 --> 00:59:52,400 Watazamaji: Unaweza kuzuia [inaudible]. 1273 00:59:52,400 --> 00:59:52,870 DAVID J. Malan: Kwa hakika. 1274 00:59:52,870 --> 00:59:53,500 Na inategemea. 1275 00:59:53,500 --> 00:59:58,200 I mean, hivyo muda mrefu kama kuna uhusiano wachache biashara 1276 00:59:58,200 --> 01:00:01,030 kuja katika country-- hivyo kadhaa, au mamia, 1277 01:00:01,030 --> 01:00:03,450 sio maelfu au mamia ya thousands-- basi ndiyo, 1278 01:00:03,450 --> 01:00:06,290 hivyo muda mrefu kama wana udhibiti zaidi ya waya wote, waya, 1279 01:00:06,290 --> 01:00:10,720 au vinginevyo kuja katika nchi, kabisa, wanaweza kuzuia kila kitu. 1280 01:00:10,720 --> 01:00:16,290 >> Hivyo na mbaya zaidi bado, na mashambulizi iwezekanavyo sana 1281 01:00:16,290 --> 01:00:19,255 ni kama, kwa mfano, tuko wote hapa kwenye mtandao Harvard. 1282 01:00:19,255 --> 01:00:21,880 Na kwa hiyo, kompyuta yako, na hadithi tumekuwa kuwaambia, 1283 01:00:21,880 --> 01:00:24,139 wote ni kutumia Harvard ya DHCP server. 1284 01:00:24,139 --> 01:00:25,930 Baadhi ya unaweza kuwa, katika tabo hivi sasa, 1285 01:00:25,930 --> 01:00:31,347 Facebook.com wazi, au Gmail.com, au nyingine random tovuti. 1286 01:00:31,347 --> 01:00:33,680 Je, lazima kujua uko katika halisi Facebook.com? 1287 01:00:33,680 --> 01:00:37,610 >> I mean, labda wewe ni masomo katika Harvard saikolojia majaribio 1288 01:00:37,610 --> 01:00:40,160 hapa, ambapo sisi ni kulisha wewe bandia Facebook habari. 1289 01:00:40,160 --> 01:00:43,470 Au tuko nawaambia tumekuwa poked na mtu hamjakuwa. 1290 01:00:43,470 --> 01:00:47,280 Au sisi ni kubadilisha ujumbe kwa sauti angrier kuliko wao kweli ni. 1291 01:00:47,280 --> 01:00:50,310 >> I mean, kwa kweli wakati una udhibiti wa mtandao, 1292 01:00:50,310 --> 01:00:53,960 una mamlaka juu ya wachache kabisa masuala ya uzoefu mtumiaji. 1293 01:00:53,960 --> 01:00:56,710 Sasa, nashiriki, siyo kama kutisha kama hiyo. 1294 01:00:56,710 --> 01:00:59,880 Kwa sababu wengi wenu, katika yako URL baa, ya tabo yoyote kama hiyo, 1295 01:00:59,880 --> 01:01:00,940 pengine kuanza na nini? 1296 01:01:00,940 --> 01:01:06,340 HTTPS, hopefully. 1297 01:01:06,340 --> 01:01:09,140 Kwa sababu S gani mteule salama. 1298 01:01:09,140 --> 01:01:11,650 >> Na katika nadharia, nini kwamba njia ni kwamba wewe kufanya kweli 1299 01:01:11,650 --> 01:01:15,310 kuwa na uhusiano encrypted kati ya wewe na Facebook, wewe na Amazon, wewe 1300 01:01:15,310 --> 01:01:17,760 na Gmail.com, au popote ulipo. 1301 01:01:17,760 --> 01:01:19,280 Na kwamba ni jambo jema. 1302 01:01:19,280 --> 01:01:21,410 Kwa sababu kuna hii mfumo mzima wa uaminifu. 1303 01:01:21,410 --> 01:01:24,570 >> Na hii ni kweli segue nzuri kwa mtandao trafiki hasa. 1304 01:01:24,570 --> 01:01:28,540 Kuna mfumo huu mzima wa uaminifu, duniani, ambayo inaruhusu sisi 1305 01:01:28,540 --> 01:01:32,485 pamoja na baadhi ya reassurance kwa uaminifu kwamba kama mimi kwenda Facebook.com, 1306 01:01:32,485 --> 01:01:35,600 na mimi kuona kufuli kidogo icon katika browser yangu, 1307 01:01:35,600 --> 01:01:38,850 I am sana, sana, uwezekano mkubwa sana kuwa kweli kushikamana 1308 01:01:38,850 --> 01:01:40,486 kwa kweli Facebook.com. 1309 01:01:40,486 --> 01:01:42,000 Sasa, kwa nini ni kwamba? 1310 01:01:42,000 --> 01:01:46,297 >> Hivyo ni zamu nje kwamba wakati wewe kuweka tovuti kwenye mtandao duniani kote, 1311 01:01:46,297 --> 01:01:47,880 unahitaji anwani ya IP, inaweza kuonekana. 1312 01:01:47,880 --> 01:01:49,270 server yako inahitaji anwani ya IP. 1313 01:01:49,270 --> 01:01:50,950 Na pengine haja jina la uwanja. 1314 01:01:50,950 --> 01:01:52,250 Basi ni nini kwamba kuhusisha? 1315 01:01:52,250 --> 01:01:55,770 >> Naam, na yoyote ya wewe milele kununuliwa jina la uwanja kabla? 1316 01:01:55,770 --> 01:01:56,270 Ndiyo? 1317 01:01:56,270 --> 01:01:56,580 Yeah? 1318 01:01:56,580 --> 01:01:57,079 SAWA. 1319 01:01:57,079 --> 01:02:00,100 Na nini Nje na wewe kutumika au inaonekana katika kwa ajili ya kununua majina ya uwanja? 1320 01:02:00,100 --> 01:02:02,400 >> Yoyote hasa kuja akili? 1321 01:02:02,400 --> 01:02:04,470 OK, GoDaddy ni pretty maarufu. 1322 01:02:04,470 --> 01:02:08,160 Na kuna others-- NameCheap, Network Solutions, watu wengine. 1323 01:02:08,160 --> 01:02:11,240 >> Na hivyo kama nataka kwenda kitu kama, 1324 01:02:11,240 --> 01:02:17,096 kama nataka kununua uwanja kama ComputerScienceforBusinessLeaders.com-- 1325 01:02:17,096 --> 01:02:19,600 jina kubwa kwa sababu ni mauaji ya aina. 1326 01:02:19,600 --> 01:02:21,850 Haina hata walionao juu ya mstari mmoja, inaonekana. 1327 01:02:21,850 --> 01:02:24,560 Kwa $ 11.99, siwezi kununua kwamba jina la uwanja. 1328 01:02:24,560 --> 01:02:26,690 >> Sasa, hiyo ina maana gani? 1329 01:02:26,690 --> 01:02:30,340 Kama mimi bonyeza Chagua na kuweka hii katika wangu Kupakia, napenda tahadhari ya kwanza. 1330 01:02:30,340 --> 01:02:32,340 GoDaddy ni za mauaji kuhusu kujaribu upsell wewe. 1331 01:02:32,340 --> 01:02:34,256 Hivyo utakuwa kuulizwa kama unataka email, kama wewe 1332 01:02:34,256 --> 01:02:36,860 wanataka web hosting, kama unataka simu kwa mambo haya yote. 1333 01:02:36,860 --> 01:02:39,130 Ni vigumu kuangalia nje katika GoDaddy. 1334 01:02:39,130 --> 01:02:41,860 >> Lakini wakati hatimaye kufika huko, wewe mwenyewe kwamba jina la uwanja 1335 01:02:41,860 --> 01:02:44,460 kwa kipindi cha mwaka mmoja, kawaida, au miaka miwili, au mitatu. 1336 01:02:44,460 --> 01:02:45,400 Una upya mambo haya. 1337 01:02:45,400 --> 01:02:47,170 Hivyo ni zaidi kama kukodisha jina la uwanja. 1338 01:02:47,170 --> 01:02:49,350 >> Lakini mara moja wewe mwenyewe kwamba jina la uwanja, unahitaji 1339 01:02:49,350 --> 01:02:51,960 kuwaambia GoDaddy kitu, kawaida. 1340 01:02:51,960 --> 01:02:57,580 Unahitaji kuwaambia GoDaddy nini yako Sava, DNS server itakuwa. 1341 01:02:57,580 --> 01:03:00,550 Jinsi gani unaweza kujua nini watumishi wako, DNS server ni kwenda kuwa? 1342 01:03:00,550 --> 01:03:02,820 >> Naam, kwa kawaida, katika tabo nyingine, una 1343 01:03:02,820 --> 01:03:05,387 kununua, au kulipa, kwa ajili ya mtandao mwenyeji kama wewe si kweli 1344 01:03:05,387 --> 01:03:08,470 kimwili kumiliki seva yako mwenyewe, na kampuni yako mwenyewe, au katika data yako mwenyewe 1345 01:03:08,470 --> 01:03:09,270 kituo hicho. 1346 01:03:09,270 --> 01:03:11,190 Hivyo d kwenda kwa kampuni mtandao mwenyeji. 1347 01:03:11,190 --> 01:03:12,190 Na inaweza kuwa GoDaddy. 1348 01:03:12,190 --> 01:03:14,620 Wao kutoa huduma hiyo kama moja ya upsells yao. 1349 01:03:14,620 --> 01:03:16,910 >> Lakini kuna mamia, maelfu ya web hosting 1350 01:03:16,910 --> 01:03:18,640 makampuni ya tofauti ya shaba huko nje. 1351 01:03:18,640 --> 01:03:20,930 Na wakati wewe kulipa mtu mwingine kwa ajili ya mtandao hosting, 1352 01:03:20,930 --> 01:03:24,570 kupata jina la mtumiaji, na password, na baadhi ya kiasi cha nafasi 1353 01:03:24,570 --> 01:03:27,390 katika wingu, hivyo kusema, kwa ambayo unaweza kupakia faili yako, 1354 01:03:27,390 --> 01:03:30,810 na kujenga mtandao kurasa yako, na kuweka tovuti yako online. 1355 01:03:30,810 --> 01:03:33,110 Hivyo kimsingi, una kuwaambia GoDaddy nini 1356 01:03:33,110 --> 01:03:36,990 servrar DNS ni kwamba kwamba mtandao mwenyeji wa kampuni imetoa kwa wewe. 1357 01:03:36,990 --> 01:03:39,770 Pengine katika barua pepe au katika ukurasa wa mtandao, wao kuwajulisha. 1358 01:03:39,770 --> 01:03:43,600 >> Na kisha GoDaddy ya wajibu ni kuwaambia wengine wa dunia 1359 01:03:43,600 --> 01:03:46,630 kwa njia ya servrar wale mzizi na wengine DNS server. 1360 01:03:46,630 --> 01:03:48,520 Hivyo kwamba, siku ya pili, wakati mtu anajaribu 1361 01:03:48,520 --> 01:03:51,290 kutembelea ComputerScienceforBusinessLeaders.com, 1362 01:03:51,290 --> 01:03:53,410 wao DNS server pengine hajui jibu. 1363 01:03:53,410 --> 01:03:54,785 Kwa sababu ni brand tovuti mpya. 1364 01:03:54,785 --> 01:03:57,000 Hivyo wao DNS server anauliza hii moja, anauliza hii moja. 1365 01:03:57,000 --> 01:03:58,090 Hii mtu anajua. 1366 01:03:58,090 --> 01:04:02,490 Na kisha, habari kueneza nyuma chini kwa mapumziko ya dunia. 1367 01:04:02,490 --> 01:04:08,030 Hivyo hii ni jinsi ya kama huna kulipa muswada kwa kufanywa upya jina la uwanja wako. 1368 01:04:08,030 --> 01:04:09,510 Yote hii inaweza tu aina ya kuacha. 1369 01:04:09,510 --> 01:04:13,000 >> Kwa sababu GoDaddy, kwa mfano, Unaweza kufuta kumbukumbu hizo DNS 1370 01:04:13,000 --> 01:04:16,540 hivyo kwamba hakuna mtu katika dunia anajua nani wa kuuliza ambapo ni tovuti yako. 1371 01:04:16,540 --> 01:04:18,130 Ni nini anwani yako ya IP? 1372 01:04:18,130 --> 01:04:20,530 Na hivyo hiyo ni jinsi wao kutekeleza udhibiti wa aina hii. 1373 01:04:20,530 --> 01:04:25,320 >> Lakini nini GoDaddy pia anauza, nataka kuona hapa kama tunaweza kuzungumza nao hapa. 1374 01:04:25,320 --> 01:04:28,360 Wanataka biashara yetu. 1375 01:04:28,360 --> 01:04:32,720 Kama sisi kwenda Bidhaa zote, hii ni balaa. 1376 01:04:32,720 --> 01:04:38,750 >> Nataka kununua SSL. 1377 01:04:38,750 --> 01:04:40,730 Hapa sisi kwenda, Mtandao wa Usalama. 1378 01:04:40,730 --> 01:04:41,910 Hivyo, loo, ni juu ya kuuza. 1379 01:04:41,910 --> 01:04:42,410 Nice. 1380 01:04:42,410 --> 01:04:43,270 >> SAWA. 1381 01:04:43,270 --> 01:04:49,690 Hivyo hapa, pia, hii ni aina ya balaa katika mtazamo wa kwanza kwa folks. 1382 01:04:49,690 --> 01:04:55,270 Hivyo kuna aina mbalimbali za SSL vyeti kama wao ni kuitwa. 1383 01:04:55,270 --> 01:04:59,520 Hivyo si tu ya kutosha kuwa uwanja jina au kuwa na mtandao mwenyeji akaunti. 1384 01:04:59,520 --> 01:05:02,880 Kama unataka kuwa na encryption, ambayo, kusema ukweli, ni tu kutokana na siku hizi. 1385 01:05:02,880 --> 01:05:06,630 Na hii ni kuwa halisia mazoezi. 1386 01:05:06,630 --> 01:05:09,290 >> Pia unapaswa kununua cheti SSL. 1387 01:05:09,290 --> 01:05:11,540 Kwa bahati mbaya, inaweza kuwa ngumu navigate haya yote. 1388 01:05:11,540 --> 01:05:14,749 Lakini hebu angalia ambapo hii husababisha kwa aina hii ya mfumo wa uaminifu. 1389 01:05:14,749 --> 01:05:17,040 Hivyo kama mimi tu na uwanja mmoja jina, www.ComputerSciencef 1390 01:05:17,040 --> 01:05:23,860 orBusinessLeaders.com, mimi nina kwenda kwenda mbele na kununua tu $ 62.99 1391 01:05:23,860 --> 01:05:24,690 toleo hapa. 1392 01:05:24,690 --> 01:05:26,110 Hata hivyo, hata hii ni ghali. 1393 01:05:26,110 --> 01:05:29,830 Unaweza kwenda kwenye tovuti nyingine, kama Namecheap.com na wengine wachache, 1394 01:05:29,830 --> 01:05:31,500 ambapo viwango vya sifa. 1395 01:05:31,500 --> 01:05:33,170 Lakini unaweza kutumia hata chini ya hii. 1396 01:05:33,170 --> 01:05:34,070 Jihadharini. 1397 01:05:34,070 --> 01:05:40,240 >> Na kwa kweli, hebu kwenda mahali fulani sisi shouldn't-- Verisign.com. 1398 01:05:40,240 --> 01:05:47,130 Hii ni kiongozi wa kimataifa katika uwanja majina na usalama internet inaonekana. 1399 01:05:47,130 --> 01:05:50,610 Na unajua ni ghali wakati wao si tu kusema nini wao kuuza. 1400 01:05:50,610 --> 01:05:54,410 1401 01:05:54,410 --> 01:06:01,950 Verisign SSL cheti, unaweza kuona jinsi washindani wengi wana, 1402 01:06:01,950 --> 01:06:04,350 ambao ni matangazo kwa ajili ya swala hilo hilo. 1403 01:06:04,350 --> 01:06:07,600 >> Haki wote, hivyo kupitia Google, Nimeona ukurasa huu nilitaka. 1404 01:06:07,600 --> 01:06:09,140 Basi hebu angalia. 1405 01:06:09,140 --> 01:06:10,660 Oh, hapa sisi kwenda. 1406 01:06:10,660 --> 01:06:14,520 >> Hivyo inaonekana kama kama Nataka Site Salama, 1407 01:06:14,520 --> 01:06:18,640 vyeti vyao SSL kuanza saa $ 399. 1408 01:06:18,640 --> 01:06:23,240 Kama mimi nataka usalama zaidi, pamoja na EV, ambayo nadhani ni kupanuliwa uthibitisho 1409 01:06:23,240 --> 01:06:27,190 au kuimarishwa uthibitisho, hiyo $ 995, hatua 00. 1410 01:06:27,190 --> 01:06:29,960 Au Salama Site Pro kwa EV, $ 1,500. 1411 01:06:29,960 --> 01:06:33,290 Karibu wote wa hii ni za mauaji na, pia, lazima. 1412 01:06:33,290 --> 01:06:36,320 >> Lakini hebu kuelewa nini ujanja hapa ni na jinsi wote kazi. 1413 01:06:36,320 --> 01:06:40,080 Mwisho wa siku, math na cryptography msingi 1414 01:06:40,080 --> 01:06:43,565 msingi tovuti yako usalama ni wote ni sawa, kwa sehemu nyingi. 1415 01:06:43,565 --> 01:06:47,470 Yote hii ni upsells na, kwa kiasi kikubwa, masoko ya mambo. 1416 01:06:47,470 --> 01:06:51,620 >> Oh, na tafadhali, si milele kuweka kitu kama hii kwenye tovuti yako, 1417 01:06:51,620 --> 01:06:53,750 hata kama mshauri inapendekeza kwamba wewe kufanya. 1418 01:06:53,750 --> 01:06:55,180 Ina maana kitu kabisa. 1419 01:06:55,180 --> 01:06:58,400 Utaona, baadaye leo au kesho, ni trivial kabisa 1420 01:06:58,400 --> 01:07:02,390 kuongeza picha na tovuti na kusema tu wewe ni Norton kuulinda 1421 01:07:02,390 --> 01:07:03,570 ina maana kitu kabisa. 1422 01:07:03,570 --> 01:07:05,960 >> Na wote wewe kufanya ni mafunzo wateja wako, 1423 01:07:05,960 --> 01:07:08,610 au ubinadamu kwa ujumla zaidi, kuangalia kwa ishara kwamba, ambayo 1424 01:07:08,610 --> 01:07:12,080 Hakika guy mbaya inaweza kuweka juu yake au tovuti yake mwenyewe na tu zinadai, 1425 01:07:12,080 --> 01:07:13,320 pia, ni Norton kuulinda. 1426 01:07:13,320 --> 01:07:17,360 Hivyo tumekuwa wamezipata katika tabia ya baadhi mbaya, kama binadamu, kama ilivyo hata hapa hapa. 1427 01:07:17,360 --> 01:07:23,140 Hivyo tu kama kando, sababu kuna ni mitindo mbalimbali ya vyeti, 1428 01:07:23,140 --> 01:07:25,520 Nao wanaendelea kutaka kuzungumza na sisi. 1429 01:07:25,520 --> 01:07:30,110 >> Unaweza kununua cheti SSL kwa moja jina la uwanja tu, 1430 01:07:30,110 --> 01:07:32,586 dub dub dub dot ComputerScienceforBusinessLeaders.com. 1431 01:07:32,586 --> 01:07:35,027 tovuti nyingi, tuseme Mimi nilikuwa dub dub dot dub 1432 01:07:35,027 --> 01:07:36,610 ComputerScienceforBusinessLeaders.com. 1433 01:07:36,610 --> 01:07:39,750 Lakini mimi pia alitaka watumiaji kuwa na uwezo wa kutembelea 1434 01:07:39,750 --> 01:07:42,394 ComputerScienceforBusinessLeaders.com bila www. 1435 01:07:42,394 --> 01:07:44,852 Au, labda, nina tatu uwanja, kama email.ComputerScienc 1436 01:07:44,852 --> 01:07:45,851 eforBusinessLeaders.com. 1437 01:07:45,851 --> 01:07:48,170 1438 01:07:48,170 --> 01:07:50,550 Hivyo kama nina nyingi uwanja majina, kwa kweli kila 1439 01:07:50,550 --> 01:07:52,633 haja ya aina mbalimbali za cheti, uwezekano. 1440 01:07:52,633 --> 01:07:55,830 Hivyo mimi ili kama vile kupata hii version, ambayo inaruhusu hasa kwamba. 1441 01:07:55,830 --> 01:08:00,180 >> Au subdomains yote, kama unataka tu kuwa, na hii ni kwa setups fancier, 1442 01:08:00,180 --> 01:08:05,070 kama unataka kuwa na 10 au 20 tovuti mbalimbali au seva ambazo 1443 01:08:05,070 --> 01:08:08,550 kuanza na kitu, dot ComputerScienceforBusinessLeaders.com, 1444 01:08:08,550 --> 01:08:10,890 kisha kupata kile kinachoitwa wildcard cheti. 1445 01:08:10,890 --> 01:08:13,800 Na misaada yote ya tofauti hizo. 1446 01:08:13,800 --> 01:08:16,670 >> Sasa, mara moja kununua hii, kufunga. 1447 01:08:16,670 --> 01:08:18,040 Ni faili kwamba wewe download. 1448 01:08:18,040 --> 01:08:19,748 Na kwamba faili, kimsingi, tu ina 1449 01:08:19,748 --> 01:08:22,716 kubwa kweli kweli, idadi random kwamba ina baadhi ya uhusiano wa hisabati 1450 01:08:22,716 --> 01:08:24,840 kwa baadhi ya idadi mengine ambayo umefanya tayari yanayotokana. 1451 01:08:24,840 --> 01:08:28,490 Tutaweza simu yake muhimu ya umma na a ufunguo binafsi, kama mimi tu kabla. 1452 01:08:28,490 --> 01:08:31,790 >> Na Wazo hapa ni kwamba wewe kufunga katika mtandao kompyuta yako 1453 01:08:31,790 --> 01:08:34,250 na tu kutumia FTP au baadhi itifaki mengine, 1454 01:08:34,250 --> 01:08:36,370 akawatoa na kuacha au kuiga na pasting 1455 01:08:36,370 --> 01:08:38,497 nambari hizi kweli kubwa katika mwenyewe mtandao kompyuta yako. 1456 01:08:38,497 --> 01:08:41,330 Na wewe kufuata maelekezo sambamba na server programu yako 1457 01:08:41,330 --> 01:08:42,359 kufanya hivyo. 1458 01:08:42,359 --> 01:08:45,270 Na mtandao kompyuta yako, tangu sasa, yoyote wakati mtu 1459 01:08:45,270 --> 01:08:49,920 ziara ya biashara yako 'website-- www.ComputerScienceBusinessLeaders.com-- 1460 01:08:49,920 --> 01:08:51,901 mtandao wa kompyuta yako moja kwa moja, kwa sababu hii 1461 01:08:51,901 --> 01:08:53,859 ni kujengwa katika utendaji siku hizi, mapenzi tu 1462 01:08:53,859 --> 01:08:56,459 kuwaambia dunia nini ufunguo wa umma wake ni. 1463 01:08:56,459 --> 01:08:59,250 Na kukumbuka kwamba muhimu ya umma ina uhusiano huu hisabati 1464 01:08:59,250 --> 01:09:01,000 na muhimu kinachojulikana binafsi. 1465 01:09:01,000 --> 01:09:05,109 Na hivyo wakati watumiaji, wateja majadiliano salama kwa server yako, 1466 01:09:05,109 --> 01:09:07,680 bahasha zao, kama wale tumekuwa kupita karibu, 1467 01:09:07,680 --> 01:09:10,950 na Wanajidai yasiyo na msingi ndani mwao. 1468 01:09:10,950 --> 01:09:12,970 Kwa sababu yaliyomo ni encrypted. 1469 01:09:12,970 --> 01:09:15,710 >> Na tu biashara yako ' ufunguo binafsi, ambayo 1470 01:09:15,710 --> 01:09:19,340 wewe yanayotokana kama sehemu ya huu mchakato wa kununua cheti SSL, 1471 01:09:19,340 --> 01:09:21,790 unaweza kweli decrypt. 1472 01:09:21,790 --> 01:09:23,819 Na wote wa hiyo ikitokea uwazi. 1473 01:09:23,819 --> 01:09:26,950 Lakini unaweza kununua tu hizi vyeti kutoka idadi mahususi 1474 01:09:26,950 --> 01:09:28,760 ya makampuni zaidi duniani. 1475 01:09:28,760 --> 01:09:33,330 >> Kwa sababu Microsoft, ambao hufanya IE na Makali, na Google, ambao hufanya Chrome, 1476 01:09:33,330 --> 01:09:36,470 na Mozilla, ambao hufanya Firefox, na wachezaji wengine wachache 1477 01:09:36,470 --> 01:09:40,020 na wote waliamua kwa meli browsers zao. 1478 01:09:40,020 --> 01:09:43,890 Wakati wa kufunga yoyote ya browsers-- wale IE, Edge, Firefox, Mozilla, Opera, 1479 01:09:43,890 --> 01:09:50,180 au watu wengine wowote, Chrome-- wao kuja na idadi mahususi ya vyeti, 1480 01:09:50,180 --> 01:09:52,010 hivyo kusema, kujengwa ndani yao. 1481 01:09:52,010 --> 01:09:57,420 orodha mahususi ya, hebu kuwaita, makampuni ambao vyeti SSL lazima 1482 01:09:57,420 --> 01:10:00,330 kuruhusiwa na kuchukuliwa salama. 1483 01:10:00,330 --> 01:10:04,105 >> Hivyo hii ina maana kwamba mimi, David Malan, hawezi tu kwenda juu DavidMalan.com 1484 01:10:04,105 --> 01:10:06,050 na kuanza kuuza vyeti vya SSL. 1485 01:10:06,050 --> 01:10:08,210 Kwa sababu kama sina aina fulani ya uhusiano 1486 01:10:08,210 --> 01:10:12,810 na Google, na Microsoft, na Mozilla, au makandarasi chao, 1487 01:10:12,810 --> 01:10:17,250 browsers hakuna mtu itakuwa uaminifu vyeti David Malan wa, 1488 01:10:17,250 --> 01:10:19,830 hata kama mimi kuuza kwa discount dhidi ya mtu mwingine. 1489 01:10:19,830 --> 01:10:21,370 Siwezi kufanya hesabu. 1490 01:10:21,370 --> 01:10:25,430 Lakini siwezi hila browsers katika kuamini kwao. 1491 01:10:25,430 --> 01:10:26,940 >> Na je, ina maana na imani? 1492 01:10:26,940 --> 01:10:27,660 Naam, taarifa. 1493 01:10:27,660 --> 01:10:29,690 Sisi ni juu ya GoDaddy.com. 1494 01:10:29,690 --> 01:10:34,450 Na kama ilivyo kwa tovuti nyingi, taarifa kufuli up katika haki juu. 1495 01:10:34,450 --> 01:10:38,420 ni kwamba kufuli labda kile zinaonyesha, ama kabla 1496 01:10:38,420 --> 01:10:40,830 kwa majadiliano ya leo au kama ya sasa? 1497 01:10:40,830 --> 01:10:41,970 >> Watazamaji: Ni salama. 1498 01:10:41,970 --> 01:10:43,344 >> DAVID J. Malan: Hiyo ni salama. 1499 01:10:43,344 --> 01:10:46,390 Hiyo ina maana tu kwamba mimi ni kwa kutumia aina fulani ya cryptography, 1500 01:10:46,390 --> 01:10:48,190 encryption kati ya mimi na GoDaddy.com. 1501 01:10:48,190 --> 01:10:49,690 Na haina kuwa GoDaddy. 1502 01:10:49,690 --> 01:10:50,690 Hebu kwenda mahali pengine. 1503 01:10:50,690 --> 01:10:52,182 Hebu kwenda Facebook.com. 1504 01:10:52,182 --> 01:10:55,420 Na taarifa mimi kuishia katika HTTPS colon kufyeka kufyeka. 1505 01:10:55,420 --> 01:10:59,090 Hivyo hata kama wewe si aina HTTPS, inazidi, tovuti yetu 1506 01:10:59,090 --> 01:11:03,910 leo imetuma wewe salama toleo la tovuti. 1507 01:11:03,910 --> 01:11:08,612 Hii ilikuwa ni mara nyingi kweli wakati wewe typed katika nywila yako kwa muda kabisa. 1508 01:11:08,612 --> 01:11:11,320 Lakini basi, ungekuwa mara nyingi kupata usalama toleo la tovuti 1509 01:11:11,320 --> 01:11:14,370 baada watumiaji katika au baada ya wewe kuchunguzwa nje na ununuzi gari yako na mikopo 1510 01:11:14,370 --> 01:11:14,910 kadi. 1511 01:11:14,910 --> 01:11:19,010 >> Siku hizi, inazidi, ni websites-- kwa sababu ni kupata rahisi na nafuu 1512 01:11:19,010 --> 01:11:23,520 kutumia aina hii ya kuficha, na ni kuwa na expected-- ni baadhi tu ya 1513 01:11:23,520 --> 01:11:25,399 kutumia kwa ajili ya kabisa kila ukurasa wa mtandao. 1514 01:11:25,399 --> 01:11:26,440 Na hili ni jambo jema. 1515 01:11:26,440 --> 01:11:28,190 Kwa sababu hii ina maana, kwa mfano, wakati 1516 01:11:28,190 --> 01:11:31,710 kwenda Google, ambaye pia ana kuanza kuwezesha SSL by default, 1517 01:11:31,710 --> 01:11:33,940 hii ina maana wakati wewe kutafuta kitu kwenye Google, 1518 01:11:33,940 --> 01:11:36,310 ni kweli kabisa kwamba Google anajua kila kitu 1519 01:11:36,310 --> 01:11:39,370 wewe ni kwa ajili ya kutafuta juu ya internet, kwa wakati wote isipokuwa wewe 1520 01:11:39,370 --> 01:11:40,560 kufuta historia yako. 1521 01:11:40,560 --> 01:11:43,000 Na hata basi, hopefully, ni kweli deletes. 1522 01:11:43,000 --> 01:11:46,030 >> Lakini hakuna mtu katika kati ya wewe na Google, katika nadharia, 1523 01:11:46,030 --> 01:11:47,370 anajua nini wewe kutafuta. 1524 01:11:47,370 --> 01:11:50,380 Hivyo kama wewe ni kutafuta kitu binafsi, au matibabu, au whatnot, 1525 01:11:50,380 --> 01:11:53,990 hivyo muda mrefu kama kwamba bar ni ya kijani, na wewe angalia kufuli, na URL ni HTTPS, 1526 01:11:53,990 --> 01:11:56,924 na wewe ni kushikamana na Google, hopefully, mwajiri wako 1527 01:11:56,924 --> 01:11:58,090 hawezi kuona nini unafanya. 1528 01:11:58,090 --> 01:12:00,170 chuo kikuu yako hawawezi kuona nini unafanya. 1529 01:12:00,170 --> 01:12:02,290 >> Sasa, kama mtu inaonekana juu yako bega, wapate bado. 1530 01:12:02,290 --> 01:12:05,165 Na kama mwisho juu katika browser yako ni historia, watu bado wanaweza kujua. 1531 01:12:05,165 --> 01:12:09,960 Lakini angalau kwamba handaki baina yenu na Google, katika kesi hii, ni salama. 1532 01:12:09,960 --> 01:12:11,390 Na tunaweza kuona hii kidogo zaidi. 1533 01:12:11,390 --> 01:12:12,765 Na unaweza kufanya hili nyumbani, pia. 1534 01:12:12,765 --> 01:12:14,744 Kama mimi bonyeza kufuli, juu ya Chrome angalau, 1535 01:12:14,744 --> 01:12:16,660 kuna kundi la taarifa za kiufundi hapa. 1536 01:12:16,660 --> 01:12:20,200 Kama mimi bonyeza Connection, taarifa kwamba, "Chrome kuthibitishwa kwamba Digi / Cert 1537 01:12:20,200 --> 01:12:24,100 SHA2 High Assurance Server CA, "mamlaka ya hati miliki, 1538 01:12:24,100 --> 01:12:25,740 "Imetolewa cheti tovuti hii." 1539 01:12:25,740 --> 01:12:28,260 >> Hebu click kwenye Taarifa cheti. 1540 01:12:28,260 --> 01:12:32,350 Na tunaweza kuona kwamba Facebook, mtu katika Facebook kununuliwa hati hii. 1541 01:12:32,350 --> 01:12:33,330 Na taarifa nyota. 1542 01:12:33,330 --> 01:12:35,350 Hiyo ni wildcard kwamba Mimi alluded mapema, 1543 01:12:35,350 --> 01:12:37,570 kitu dot Facebook.com. 1544 01:12:37,570 --> 01:12:41,680 Taarifa kwamba wao cheti muda wake wakati? 1545 01:12:41,680 --> 01:12:45,512 >> Desemba, hivyo Picha bora kulipa SSL muswada kipindi cha miezi michache ijayo. 1546 01:12:45,512 --> 01:12:48,470 Na wao wanaenda kuwa na kufunga vyeti mpya juu ya server yao. 1547 01:12:48,470 --> 01:12:51,901 Na kama mimi kwa kweli wanataka kupata curious, siwezi bonyeza Maelezo. 1548 01:12:51,901 --> 01:12:53,900 Na hii ni kwenda kuwa zaidi arcane kuliko nataka. 1549 01:12:53,900 --> 01:12:55,608 >> Lakini unaweza kuona kwamba hii ni, inaonekana, 1550 01:12:55,608 --> 01:12:58,900 kununuliwa kwa Facebook, Inc katika Menlo Park. 1551 01:12:58,900 --> 01:13:01,550 Hii ni baadhi ya taarifa ya kiufundi, ambapo kununua ni kutoka. 1552 01:13:01,550 --> 01:13:05,190 SHA-256 inahusu kitu sawa na encryption. 1553 01:13:05,190 --> 01:13:06,090 Ni wito hash. 1554 01:13:06,090 --> 01:13:09,200 RSA ni encryption kama wewe Nimesikia ya RSA. 1555 01:13:09,200 --> 01:13:12,280 >> Na kisha, kuna hata mambo zaidi dhana katika hapa. 1556 01:13:12,280 --> 01:13:16,470 Mviringo Curve wa umma, hii inahusu aina ya cryptography. 1557 01:13:16,470 --> 01:13:19,760 Wengi wa hii ni njia zaidi Maelezo ya haja kweli. 1558 01:13:19,760 --> 01:13:23,300 Lakini unaweza kuona kwamba hii ni undani kiufundi msingi 1559 01:13:23,300 --> 01:13:24,620 Picha cheti. 1560 01:13:24,620 --> 01:13:27,900 >> Sasa, kwa bahati mbaya, tu kuzungumza na kijamii uhandisi, 1561 01:13:27,900 --> 01:13:32,030 hii sasa ni pretty muhimu kiashiria cha ukweli 1562 01:13:32,030 --> 01:13:35,090 kwamba mtu mmoja, ana kupata uhusiano na, kwa upande wake, 1563 01:13:35,090 --> 01:13:37,950 kwamba server wewe alitembelea kulipwa kwa cheti hicho. 1564 01:13:37,950 --> 01:13:42,870 Lakini haikuwa hivyo kwamba muda mrefu uliopita kwamba tovuti inaweza kuwa icons default. 1565 01:13:42,870 --> 01:13:45,574 Kwa kweli, je, taarifa hizi icons katika tabo Chrome sasa hivi? 1566 01:13:45,574 --> 01:13:47,490 Na browsers kuwa na aina ya kujifunza somo yao 1567 01:13:47,490 --> 01:13:51,190 na kuweka icons hizi hadi pale, alama kwa ajili ya tovuti? 1568 01:13:51,190 --> 01:13:54,230 >> Haikuwa kwamba muda mrefu uliopita kwamba icons hizi fav, 1569 01:13:54,230 --> 01:13:57,480 au favorite icons kama wao ni kuitwa, walikuwa na haki kuna karibu na mahali. 1570 01:13:57,480 --> 01:14:00,570 Kwa kweli, nilifanya search wakati wa mapumziko yetu. 1571 01:14:00,570 --> 01:14:07,500 Kwa mfano, kwamba kwa muda mrefu iliyopita, napenda kufungua hili. 1572 01:14:07,500 --> 01:14:09,750 Tu juu ya Google Picha. 1573 01:14:09,750 --> 01:14:11,010 >> Hebu zoom nje. 1574 01:14:11,010 --> 01:14:12,970 Kuja juu. 1575 01:14:12,970 --> 01:14:18,720 Hivyo si kwamba muda mrefu uliopita, browsers waliokuwa wanafanya hivyo. 1576 01:14:18,720 --> 01:14:22,050 Si tu kwamba wao kuweka favorite icon hapa katika tab, 1577 01:14:22,050 --> 01:14:24,420 wao pia kuweka haki karibu na bar anwani. 1578 01:14:24,420 --> 01:14:24,920 Kwa nini? 1579 01:14:24,920 --> 01:14:26,060 Tu, eh, ilikuwa inaonekana nzuri. 1580 01:14:26,060 --> 01:14:26,893 >> Ilikuwa ni aina ya nzuri. 1581 01:14:26,893 --> 01:14:29,530 Unaweza kuona alama ya kampuni haki ya karibu na URL wake. 1582 01:14:29,530 --> 01:14:32,650 Hivyo sasa, nadhani kwa mtazamo wa adui, mtu mbaya. 1583 01:14:32,650 --> 01:14:35,850 Kama ungekuwa guy mbaya na browsers walipigwa na butwaa kutosha 1584 01:14:35,850 --> 01:14:39,660 kuruhusu wewe kuweka icon desturi haki ya karibu na URL browsers, 1585 01:14:39,660 --> 01:14:42,220 nini icon ungeweza kuchagua ajili ya tovuti yako bandia 1586 01:14:42,220 --> 01:14:46,919 kwamba ni kujaribu kwa samaki kwa watu kadi habari na vile? 1587 01:14:46,919 --> 01:14:48,210 Watazamaji: tovuti ya awali. 1588 01:14:48,210 --> 01:14:49,640 DAVID J. Malan: tovuti ya awali, kwa hakika, 1589 01:14:49,640 --> 01:14:51,450 kama wewe ni mimicking moja Nje. 1590 01:14:51,450 --> 01:14:55,150 Nini kingine inaweza kuweka huko hiyo ni hata zaidi ya udanganyifu? 1591 01:14:55,150 --> 01:15:00,020 kufuli icon, ambayo inaonekana kama kufuli na semantically unaonyesha 1592 01:15:00,020 --> 01:15:03,500 tovuti hii ni salama, lakini hana maana ya kiufundi chochote, 1593 01:15:03,500 --> 01:15:06,550 na ambayo ni kusema uko hali ya watu. 1594 01:15:06,550 --> 01:15:09,720 >> Sisi, kama jamii, ni hali ya watu wakati unaweza kuona kufuli, 1595 01:15:09,720 --> 01:15:10,970 kudhani tovuti ni salama. 1596 01:15:10,970 --> 01:15:13,430 Na kwamba mantiki hiyo Unaweza kabisa kuachwa 1597 01:15:13,430 --> 01:15:15,615 na kuvurugwa ili watu, sasa, ni mkadanganywa 1598 01:15:15,615 --> 01:15:16,990 katika kufikiri kitu ni salama. 1599 01:15:16,990 --> 01:15:18,823 Na wahalifu mbaya, kusema ukweli, ni watu 1600 01:15:18,823 --> 01:15:22,210 kama benki, ambaye idiotically, na hii day-- hebu angalia kama Benki Kuu ya Marekani, 1601 01:15:22,210 --> 01:15:25,970 maarufu wa ndani moja au kitaifa moja, ni kufanya sawa. 1602 01:15:25,970 --> 01:15:27,000 >> SAWA. 1603 01:15:27,000 --> 01:15:27,875 Hivyo ni nini hii? 1604 01:15:27,875 --> 01:15:28,750 Je, unaweza kuona hapa. 1605 01:15:28,750 --> 01:15:32,080 Hii ni gogo katika kuunda kwa tovuti yao. 1606 01:15:32,080 --> 01:15:33,710 Wameweza kufanya exact kitu. 1607 01:15:33,710 --> 01:15:35,780 Wewe ni mafunzo binadamu kufikiri wakati unaweza kuona 1608 01:15:35,780 --> 01:15:38,430 button kwenye tovuti na kufuli kwamba 1609 01:15:38,430 --> 01:15:40,460 ina maana uhusiano ni salama. 1610 01:15:40,460 --> 01:15:42,940 >> Hiyo ina maana tu kwamba kuna ni graphic designer ambaye 1611 01:15:42,940 --> 01:15:46,260 anajua jinsi ya kufanya picha ya kufuli na kuiweka kwenye tovuti. 1612 01:15:46,260 --> 01:15:50,890 Sasa, katika kesi hii, ni kweli, kwamba tovuti ni salama. 1613 01:15:50,890 --> 01:15:53,000 Kwa sababu ilani kufuli kijani hapa. 1614 01:15:53,000 --> 01:15:55,380 Na mimi nina kutumia mpya kutosha toleo la Chrome 1615 01:15:55,380 --> 01:15:58,660 kwamba siwezi tu ya kuweka holela alama karibu na URL. 1616 01:15:58,660 --> 01:16:01,410 Sasa, tu salama icon huenda huko au la. 1617 01:16:01,410 --> 01:16:04,420 >> Lakini hii ni maana kabisa hapa. 1618 01:16:04,420 --> 01:16:06,890 Na sisi wanadamu wanaendelea kufanya aina hii ya makosa. 1619 01:16:06,890 --> 01:16:09,650 Kwa sababu sisi hali watu kuangalia kwa cues fulani 1620 01:16:09,650 --> 01:16:11,330 na kudai maana kutoka kwao. 1621 01:16:11,330 --> 01:16:13,520 Lakini tena, hiyo maana unaweza kuwa vibaya. 1622 01:16:13,520 --> 01:16:15,654 >> Hivyo wakati wa kujenga ya moja mwenyewe ushirika tovuti, 1623 01:16:15,654 --> 01:16:17,320 ishara hizi ni kwa ujumla jambo baya. 1624 01:16:17,320 --> 01:16:19,430 Na hata katika barua pepe, pia, tuna, kama jamii, 1625 01:16:19,430 --> 01:16:22,340 watu conditioned click viungo juu ya barua pepe. 1626 01:16:22,340 --> 01:16:26,080 Na hivyo si ajabu kwamba mbaya guys kutuma nje barua pepe bandia kutoka PayPal, 1627 01:16:26,080 --> 01:16:28,672 kutoka Benki Kuu ya Marekani na viungo. 1628 01:16:28,672 --> 01:16:30,880 watu kwa sababu tumekuwa mafunzo click viungo katika barua pepe. 1629 01:16:30,880 --> 01:16:33,530 >> mazoezi bora ingekuwa kuwa kwa Benki Kuu ya Marekani, 1630 01:16:33,530 --> 01:16:38,720 wakati emailing wateja wake, kusema tu, tafadhali kutembelea Bank of tovuti Amerika ya 1631 01:16:38,720 --> 01:16:40,070 katika urahisi wa mwanzo. 1632 01:16:40,070 --> 01:16:41,797 Na wala kutoa watu URL. 1633 01:16:41,797 --> 01:16:43,880 Kwa sababu vinginevyo, wao uko tu kwenda click yake. 1634 01:16:43,880 --> 01:16:44,580 Basi ni kwenda. 1635 01:16:44,580 --> 01:16:48,460 Waache kutafuta kwa ajili yake au, kweli, kwenda hivyo manually. 1636 01:16:48,460 --> 01:16:50,450 >> Haki ya wote, hivyo kidogo ya kutukengeusha huko. 1637 01:16:50,450 --> 01:16:54,620 Lakini lengo hapa ilikuwa na rangi picha ya mfumo huu wa uaminifu. 1638 01:16:54,620 --> 01:16:57,170 Na browsers, kuna mambo haya ulimwenguni 1639 01:16:57,170 --> 01:17:00,450 aitwaye cheti authorities-- makampuni, finite idadi ya hao, 1640 01:17:00,450 --> 01:17:02,710 kwamba wanaruhusiwa kutoa vyeti SSL. 1641 01:17:02,710 --> 01:17:08,740 Au, kwa upande wake, wanaruhusiwa kuhalalisha nyingine tatu kwa ujumla 1642 01:17:08,740 --> 01:17:10,244 kutoa vyeti SSL. 1643 01:17:10,244 --> 01:17:12,660 Kama wewe si katika orodha hiyo, ingawa, unaweza kimahesabu 1644 01:17:12,660 --> 01:17:16,310 kujenga haya makubwa, idadi random kuwa kazi kwa cryptography. 1645 01:17:16,310 --> 01:17:18,700 >> Lakini browser ni, kwa ujumla, kwenda yell saa wewe. 1646 01:17:18,700 --> 01:17:22,090 Kwa kweli, ninaweza kwenda kwenye tovuti? 1647 01:17:22,090 --> 01:17:22,710 Ngoja nione. 1648 01:17:22,710 --> 01:17:24,940 Tovuti hii ni si salama. 1649 01:17:24,940 --> 01:17:30,070 Kama sisi tu kuangalia kwa mfano Google hapa, unaweza kuona skrini kama hii. 1650 01:17:30,070 --> 01:17:32,180 wazalishaji Browser kuendelea kubadilisha yao. 1651 01:17:32,180 --> 01:17:34,040 >> Hii ni kawaida nini ungependa kuona. 1652 01:17:34,040 --> 01:17:38,226 Unaweza kuona mstari nyekundu katika URL, ambapo HTTPS ni shilingi nje. 1653 01:17:38,226 --> 01:17:39,600 Kwa sababu ni kujaribu kuwa salama. 1654 01:17:39,600 --> 01:17:41,040 Lakini kitu kinaendelea. 1655 01:17:41,040 --> 01:17:44,090 Na hapa inasema, "Hii pengine ni si Tovuti wewe ni kuangalia kwa! " 1656 01:17:44,090 --> 01:17:47,110 >> Na hii ni ama kwa makusudi, au ni kwa sababu ya usanidi wenye makosa. 1657 01:17:47,110 --> 01:17:50,940 Mtu kwa kutumia vibaya SSL cheti juu ya server kwa ajili ya tovuti 1658 01:17:50,940 --> 01:17:53,276 kwamba mtumiaji ni kweli kujaribu kutembelea. 1659 01:17:53,276 --> 01:17:56,520 1660 01:17:56,520 --> 01:17:58,870 Maswali yoyote? 1661 01:17:58,870 --> 01:18:03,600 >> Naam, hebu kuchukua, kabla ya sisi kuvunja kwa chakula cha mchana, moja ya mwisho kuangalia nini 1662 01:18:03,600 --> 01:18:05,650 inaweza kuwa ndani ya bahasha hizi. 1663 01:18:05,650 --> 01:18:08,434 Mimi nina kwenda katika safi browser tab hapa. 1664 01:18:08,434 --> 01:18:09,350 Na hii ni kipengele. 1665 01:18:09,350 --> 01:18:11,399 Kama matumizi ya Chrome, au zaidi browser nyingine yoyote, 1666 01:18:11,399 --> 01:18:12,690 wewe kweli kuwa kipengele hiki. 1667 01:18:12,690 --> 01:18:14,120 >> Mimi nina kwenda kwa Menu. 1668 01:18:14,120 --> 01:18:18,810 Mimi nina kwenda kwa Zaidi Zana na Developer Tools. 1669 01:18:18,810 --> 01:18:21,450 Ingawa wakati mwingine kuwa ili kuwawezesha hii orodha maalum. 1670 01:18:21,450 --> 01:18:23,400 Na tutaweza kuona zaidi ya huu katika kidogo. 1671 01:18:23,400 --> 01:18:25,090 >> Na mimi nina kwenda chini hapa chini kushoto. 1672 01:18:25,090 --> 01:18:26,580 Na mimi nina kwenda bonyeza Network. 1673 01:18:26,580 --> 01:18:28,397 Hivyo hii ni tu kitu mhandisi ingekuwa 1674 01:18:28,397 --> 01:18:31,230 kutumia wakati yeye au yeye anataka kuangalia chini ya Hood katika nini kinaendelea 1675 01:18:31,230 --> 01:18:34,400 juu ya kati ya kivinjari na server. 1676 01:18:34,400 --> 01:18:35,710 >> Na hebu kwenda mbele na kufanya hili. 1677 01:18:35,710 --> 01:18:39,240 Mimi nina kwenda kwa, click Hifadhi Log. 1678 01:18:39,240 --> 01:18:41,760 Kwa maneno mengine, nilitaka kuokoa kila kitu kinaendelea, 1679 01:18:41,760 --> 01:18:42,718 nini sisi ni juu ya kufanya. 1680 01:18:42,718 --> 01:18:49,850 Na mimi nina kwenda aina katika HTTP colon kufyeka kufyeka www.Stanford.edu 1681 01:18:49,850 --> 01:18:51,050 kwa Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford. 1682 01:18:51,050 --> 01:18:53,500 Mimi naenda wazi tena tu ili tuweze kuanza safi. 1683 01:18:53,500 --> 01:18:55,490 >> Na hapa sisi kwenda. 1684 01:18:55,490 --> 01:18:57,410 Hivyo hapa ni Stanford ya nyumbani page-- rundo zima 1685 01:18:57,410 --> 01:19:00,900 ya maandishi, nzima rundo la picha, labda baadhi video, na baadhi ya mambo mengine. 1686 01:19:00,900 --> 01:19:05,480 Na mtandao huu page-- hapa, Mimi nina kwenda upya sasa. 1687 01:19:05,480 --> 01:19:07,980 Kwa sababu mimi akaumega na viongozi nyuma. 1688 01:19:07,980 --> 01:19:10,787 >> tovuti hii imeandikwa katika lugha inayoitwa HTML 1689 01:19:10,787 --> 01:19:12,370 kwamba tutaweza kuchukua kuangalia kifupi katika baadaye. 1690 01:19:12,370 --> 01:19:14,459 Na HTML si lugha ya programu. 1691 01:19:14,459 --> 01:19:16,000 Ni kile kinachoitwa lugha ghafi. 1692 01:19:16,000 --> 01:19:18,490 Hivyo tutaweza kuona ni tu Kiingereza-kama syntax kwamba 1693 01:19:18,490 --> 01:19:21,615 anaelezea ukurasa wa mtandao nini cha kuangalia kama, nini rangi ya kutumia, nini maandishi kutumia, 1694 01:19:21,615 --> 01:19:22,440 na kama. 1695 01:19:22,440 --> 01:19:26,510 >> Lakini juicier ni katika hii maalum Developer tab, 1696 01:19:26,510 --> 01:19:29,620 Siwezi kweli kuona kila kitu tu akaenda chini ya Hood. 1697 01:19:29,620 --> 01:19:34,010 Kwa mfano, katika ukurasa huu mtandao, kuhusu jinsi wengi picha ni huko? 1698 01:19:34,010 --> 01:19:39,940 Mimi naona 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, juu ya haki, 11. 1699 01:19:39,940 --> 01:19:43,230 Hivyo kuna kadhaa au zaidi picha kwenye tovuti hii. 1700 01:19:43,230 --> 01:19:47,010 >> Kila moja ya picha hizo ni faili kwenye Stanford ya mtandao wa kompyuta. 1701 01:19:47,010 --> 01:19:49,950 Na ukurasa huu nyumbani, iliyoandikwa katika lugha hii inaitwa HTML, 1702 01:19:49,950 --> 01:19:52,960 pia ni faili kwenye Stanford ya mtandao wa kompyuta. 1703 01:19:52,960 --> 01:19:56,540 Hivyo ni zamu nje kwamba browser ni smart kutosha kujua, 1704 01:19:56,540 --> 01:20:00,300 na tutaweza kuona mchana huu, wakati wewe kupokea ukurasa wa nyumbani kwa ajili ya tovuti, 1705 01:20:00,300 --> 01:20:03,190 kuangalia kwamba lugha HTML, kama tutaweza hivi karibuni kuona. 1706 01:20:03,190 --> 01:20:07,170 >> Na ukiona majina ya picha ndani yake, kwenda kupata wale vilevile. 1707 01:20:07,170 --> 01:20:09,850 Kutuma maombi ya ziada, bahasha ya ziada. 1708 01:20:09,850 --> 01:20:14,560 Hivyo sisi tupate kuwa na kujipatia nyuma, sasa, moja, labda 13 au zaidi bahasha 1709 01:20:14,560 --> 01:20:17,830 zenye maandishi, na picha, labda baadhi ya mambo mengine kwamba sisi, basi, 1710 01:20:17,830 --> 01:20:20,940 kukusanyika ndani ya browser yangu kuwasilisha hii nzima mtandao ukurasa. 1711 01:20:20,940 --> 01:20:25,000 >> Na taarifa hapa chini kwanza kabisa ya wale 1712 01:20:25,000 --> 01:20:30,810 Ilikuwa ombi tu kwa ajili ya HTTP colon kufyeka kufyeka www.Stanford.edu yenyewe. 1713 01:20:30,810 --> 01:20:35,440 Na kama mimi bonyeza safu hii, mimi nina kwenda kuona baadhi ya taarifa pretty arcane. 1714 01:20:35,440 --> 01:20:37,960 Lakini basi mimi kitabu chini na kuona kama naweza kuelewa 1715 01:20:37,960 --> 01:20:39,990 nini hasa kinaendelea hapa. 1716 01:20:39,990 --> 01:20:44,920 >> Napenda kufanya hii kidogo kubwa ili tuweze kuona zaidi wakati huo. 1717 01:20:44,920 --> 01:20:47,570 Na taarifa hii. 1718 01:20:47,570 --> 01:20:52,040 Kama mimi bonyeza View Chanzo, hii Nakala hapa, kwamba mimi tu yalionyesha, 1719 01:20:52,040 --> 01:20:57,360 nitakapoleta, browser yangu zituma kwamba kwanza bahasha kutoka hapa katika Cambridge 1720 01:20:57,360 --> 01:21:02,180 kwa Stanford, akisema nipe nyumba yako ukurasa, ni nini ndani ya bahasha hii 1721 01:21:02,180 --> 01:21:04,520 ni nini hasa nimekuwa yalionyesha huko. 1722 01:21:04,520 --> 01:21:08,520 >> HTTP, HyperText Transfer itifaki, ni seti ya mikataba 1723 01:21:08,520 --> 01:21:11,660 kwamba kivinjari anatumia wakati kuomba kurasa za mtandao wa kompyuta. 1724 01:21:11,660 --> 01:21:14,450 Hivyo kama mimi kufikiwa nje kwa mkono wangu kwa Arwa awali, 1725 01:21:14,450 --> 01:21:19,590 hii ni sawa digital ya browser yangu kufikia nje teknolojia ya kompyuta 1726 01:21:19,590 --> 01:21:22,760 kwa Stanford ya mtandao wa kompyuta, kuweka ujumbe huu ndani ya bahasha hii. 1727 01:21:22,760 --> 01:21:25,500 muhimu zaidi line ni ya kwanza kabisa. 1728 01:21:25,500 --> 01:21:29,457 >> GET ni kiwango cha kitenzi, kutumika katika mkataba huu, 1729 01:21:29,457 --> 01:21:31,290 kwamba literally tu ina maana kupata zifuatazo. 1730 01:21:31,290 --> 01:21:31,876 Kupata kufyeka. 1731 01:21:31,876 --> 01:21:34,010 Slash ni tu ukurasa wa nyumbani default. 1732 01:21:34,010 --> 01:21:35,660 Ni kitu maalum zaidi kuliko hiyo. 1733 01:21:35,660 --> 01:21:38,820 Na kutumia toleo ya HTTP inayojulikana kama 1.1. 1734 01:21:38,820 --> 01:21:40,970 Ni got baadhi ya karibu zaidi makala ya 1.0 nayo. 1735 01:21:40,970 --> 01:21:44,370 >> Na pili muhimu line ni hii one-- Jeshi colon 1736 01:21:44,370 --> 01:21:46,050 dub dub dub dot Stanford.edu. 1737 01:21:46,050 --> 01:21:49,590 Wakati nilivyoeleza awali kwamba firewall inaweza kuangalia ndani ya bahasha 1738 01:21:49,590 --> 01:21:52,990 na kufikiri nini tovuti ni kuwa requested-- labda ni Facebook. 1739 01:21:52,990 --> 01:21:54,330 Na tunataka Svartlistade yake. 1740 01:21:54,330 --> 01:21:59,910 >> Sababu ni browser ni kindly sana kutuambia, ndani ya bahasha, nini 1741 01:21:59,910 --> 01:22:01,380 ni kuomba. 1742 01:22:01,380 --> 01:22:04,370 Na kisha, kuna baadhi ya chini ya kuvutia mambo ambayo ni ya kiufundi zaidi. 1743 01:22:04,370 --> 01:22:07,840 Lakini kidogo ya kuvutia, kama si unnerving kidogo mara ya kwanza, 1744 01:22:07,840 --> 01:22:12,122 ni kwamba pia ndani ya bahasha hii ni inaonekana ni habari gani? 1745 01:22:12,122 --> 01:22:13,185 >> Watazamaji: [inaudible]. 1746 01:22:13,185 --> 01:22:15,310 DAVID J. Malan: Yeah, nini aina gani ya kompyuta nina. 1747 01:22:15,310 --> 01:22:16,370 Hivyo nina Mac. 1748 01:22:16,370 --> 01:22:19,940 Ni mbio Mac OS 10.11.2, inaonekana. 1749 01:22:19,940 --> 01:22:22,730 Na kama mimi kusoma mbali zaidi chini, ni anaelezea server 1750 01:22:22,730 --> 01:22:25,470 kwamba mimi nina kutumia baadhi ya toleo la Chrome, kwa kweli. 1751 01:22:25,470 --> 01:22:26,762 >> Hivyo hiyo ni upole disconcerting. 1752 01:22:26,762 --> 01:22:29,470 Lakini kidogo zaidi disconcerting lazima ukweli kwamba mimi tayari 1753 01:22:29,470 --> 01:22:30,990 aliiambia Stanford nini anwani yangu ya IP ni. 1754 01:22:30,990 --> 01:22:34,450 Ili waweze tayari kufikiri, pengine, kidogo zaidi kuhusu mimi na kwamba. 1755 01:22:34,450 --> 01:22:36,325 Na kisha, kuna baadhi ya mambo mengine huko pia. 1756 01:22:36,325 --> 01:22:38,080 Sasa, basi mimi kitabu juu kidogo. 1757 01:22:38,080 --> 01:22:40,830 Hapa ni nini Stanford alijibu kwa. 1758 01:22:40,830 --> 01:22:44,380 Ndani ya bahasha hii ilikuwa, kwanza kabisa, 1759 01:22:44,380 --> 01:22:47,830 ukurasa wa mtandao yenyewe, HTML kwamba tutaweza kuona baadaye mchana huu. 1760 01:22:47,830 --> 01:22:52,790 Lakini pia ndani ya bahasha Stanford kwa me ni kila kitu nimekuwa yalionyesha hapa. 1761 01:22:52,790 --> 01:22:56,050 >> juiciest ya mistari ya ambayo ni ya juu, ambayo anasema, 1762 01:22:56,050 --> 01:22:59,140 OK, yep, mimi nasema HTTP 1.1. 1763 01:22:59,140 --> 01:23:02,290 200 ni hali yangu kificho, OK. 1764 01:23:02,290 --> 01:23:06,630 Sasa, unaweza kuwa na milele kuonekana idadi 200 kabla, ambayo hufanya akili. 1765 01:23:06,630 --> 01:23:09,690 Kwa sababu 200, kwa kweli, ina maana OK, yote ni sawa. 1766 01:23:09,690 --> 01:23:13,920 >> Lakini pengine tumeona posta, juu ya mtandao browser yako, kwamba 1767 01:23:13,920 --> 01:23:16,710 alitumwa na wewe kutoka kwa baadhi server ndani ya bahasha hiyo ni 1768 01:23:16,710 --> 01:23:17,690 si idadi 200. 1769 01:23:17,690 --> 01:23:21,198 Ni namba na wewe kuonekana kwamba spring akilini? 1770 01:23:21,198 --> 01:23:22,152 >> Watazamaji: 404. 1771 01:23:22,152 --> 01:23:23,220 >> DAVID J. Malan: 404. 1772 01:23:23,220 --> 01:23:27,740 Hivyo kama wameweza milele kujiuliza ambapo ni hii 404 mkataba kuja kutoka, wa yote 1773 01:23:27,740 --> 01:23:31,320 mambo arcane kuwaambia me, 404 file halikupatikana, 1774 01:23:31,320 --> 01:23:34,900 kwamba tu ina maana kwamba mtandao wa kompyuta, kama ombi ukurasa huu kwamba hana 1775 01:23:34,900 --> 01:23:38,670 zipo, siyo huko, mafaili halikupatikana, ujumbe huu katika bluu 1776 01:23:38,670 --> 01:23:44,310 ni kwenda kusema HTTP 1.1 nafasi 404 haikupatikana. 1777 01:23:44,310 --> 01:23:47,217 Na matangazo ya browser yako kwamba na basi, kumwakilisha 1778 01:23:47,217 --> 01:23:49,550 na wewe, labda katika kubwa font, kubwa, habari ujasiri 1779 01:23:49,550 --> 01:23:51,025 pamoja na baadhi ya maandishi maelezo. 1780 01:23:51,025 --> 01:23:51,650 Lakini hayo ni yote. 1781 01:23:51,650 --> 01:23:54,358 >> Na kisha, wengine wa taarifa ni habari zaidi arcane, 1782 01:23:54,358 --> 01:23:58,330 kutoka server na wewe, tu kuwaambia kisakuzi chako ilikotoka. 1783 01:23:58,330 --> 01:24:00,530 Kila ombi moja wewe kufanya juu ya mtandao 1784 01:24:00,530 --> 01:24:02,740 ina taarifa kama hii. 1785 01:24:02,740 --> 01:24:05,200 Hii ni wawili muhimu kwa sababu za kiufundi. 1786 01:24:05,200 --> 01:24:07,200 >> Ni pia muhimu kwa kuingia sababu, kujua 1787 01:24:07,200 --> 01:24:09,800 ambaye ni kutembelea tovuti yako, nini browser wao ni kutumia, 1788 01:24:09,800 --> 01:24:11,770 labda ni kivinjari gani lazima optimizing 1789 01:24:11,770 --> 01:24:13,820 tovuti yako kwa kama kila mtu kutumia Chrome siku hizi. 1790 01:24:13,820 --> 01:24:15,910 Labda huna haja ya kusaidia Internet Explorer tena. 1791 01:24:15,910 --> 01:24:16,820 Unajuaje kwamba? 1792 01:24:16,820 --> 01:24:19,990 Unaweza kuingia tu wote wa habari ule unaokuja katika maombi hayo. 1793 01:24:19,990 --> 01:24:22,830 >> Kinyume chake, hii ni wazi kuwa ina maana kwamba kila wakati 1794 01:24:22,830 --> 01:24:26,970 wewe kutembelea tovuti yoyote kwenye mtandao, si tu kufanya wao kujua anwani yako ya IP, 1795 01:24:26,970 --> 01:24:30,070 kwa sababu wewe akawapa katika juu kushoto kona ya bahasha, 1796 01:24:30,070 --> 01:24:33,890 wao pia kujua nini kisakuzi chako ni, ni siku gani ya muda gani, 1797 01:24:33,890 --> 01:24:35,520 kile kurasa wewe ni kuomba. 1798 01:24:35,520 --> 01:24:39,247 >> Na kuongezeka, hasa juu ya Nje kwamba kuwa na matangazo, 1799 01:24:39,247 --> 01:24:41,205 zaidi inatia mashaka hapa ni kama nimepata kampuni hiyo, 1800 01:24:41,205 --> 01:24:44,440 na hii ni super kawaida hizi siku, ambayo ina anauza matangazo 1801 01:24:44,440 --> 01:24:47,660 kwa ajili ya tovuti hii, hebu kuiita A.com, na pia 1802 01:24:47,660 --> 01:24:50,100 katika tovuti hii, B.com, na tovuti hii, 1803 01:24:50,100 --> 01:24:56,980 C.com, A na B na C.com wanaweza kujua kwamba wana wateja katika kawaida. 1804 01:24:56,980 --> 01:25:00,560 >> Lakini kama hii ya tatu kampuni ya matangazo 1805 01:25:00,560 --> 01:25:05,082 ni kuona maombi kutoka IP huo anuani kutembelea zote mbili A.com, B.com, 1806 01:25:05,082 --> 01:25:06,640 na C.com, kwa nini? 1807 01:25:06,640 --> 01:25:10,490 Kwa sababu uhai matangazo server ya aliuliza kutumikia up matangazo kwa wote watatu 1808 01:25:10,490 --> 01:25:11,490 ya tovuti hizi. 1809 01:25:11,490 --> 01:25:14,270 Na kwa hiyo, itakuwa ni zinazotolewa na anwani yako ya IP 1810 01:25:14,270 --> 01:25:17,800 ili mtandao ukurasa wako, kisakuzi chako anaona tangazo. 1811 01:25:17,800 --> 01:25:20,330 >> Kuna watu wa kati hizi, hivyo kusema, kwenye mtandao kwamba 1812 01:25:20,330 --> 01:25:24,080 kujua zaidi kuhusu wewe kuliko tovuti wewe ni kutembelea. 1813 01:25:24,080 --> 01:25:27,150 Na Google ni hakika miongoni mwa kubwa wahalifu, au featurerers, 1814 01:25:27,150 --> 01:25:27,901 pamoja na mistari hayo. 1815 01:25:27,901 --> 01:25:29,775 Na kwa kweli, wakati mimi kutaja yao DNS server, 1816 01:25:29,775 --> 01:25:32,660 kabla unaweza kufikiri mara ya kwanza mtazamo, loo, hii ni kipengele Handy. 1817 01:25:32,660 --> 01:25:34,661 Google hutoa dunia na bure DNS server 1818 01:25:34,661 --> 01:25:36,285 kwamba wakati mwingine husaidia mimi kutatua matatizo. 1819 01:25:36,285 --> 01:25:36,790 Mm-mm. 1820 01:25:36,790 --> 01:25:40,430 Sasa, wewe ni kuwaambia Google si tu kila ukurasa wewe ni kutafuta kwa, 1821 01:25:40,430 --> 01:25:42,880 lakini kila ukurasa utaenda moja kwa moja. 1822 01:25:42,880 --> 01:25:45,846 Kwa sababu wewe ni kusema, hey, Google, nataka kwenda Z.com. 1823 01:25:45,846 --> 01:25:47,860 Nini anwani yake IP? 1824 01:25:47,860 --> 01:25:52,350 >> Na hii yote majipu chini hawa maombi rahisi sana na majibu 1825 01:25:52,350 --> 01:25:55,630 kwamba tumekuwa sasa kuonekana kutoka juu hadi chini. 1826 01:25:55,630 --> 01:25:57,510 Hivyo kwa nini sio sisi pause hapa kwa saa. 1827 01:25:57,510 --> 01:25:59,116 Kurudi katika 1:30 kwa chakula cha mchana. 1828 01:25:59,116 --> 01:26:00,490 Mimi nina kwenda kutoweka kwa kidogo. 1829 01:26:00,490 --> 01:26:03,710 Na tutaweza kuendelea na mikono juu ya kuangalia na baadhi ya dhana zaidi. 1830 01:26:03,710 --> 01:26:06,860 Na furaha kwa fimbo karibu, kwa ajili ya wachache dakika, na maswali mmoja mmoja. 1831 01:26:06,860 --> 01:26:09,364