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LONDON LOWMANSTONE: So, hi everybody.

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Welcome to the CS50 seminar,
Create Your Own Virtual Reality.

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I'm London Lowmanstone and
I'll be teaching the seminar.

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So the first thing I want
to talk about is what you're

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going to learn during the seminar.

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We're going to figure out how to
create a the virtual reality app

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in a certain environment called Unity.

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And we're also going to be able
to upload this app to an iPhone

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by the time we're done.

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I don't have any experience
with Android, unfortunately.

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So if you have an Android phone--

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personally, I learned all of this stuff
by doing Google searches last year.

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And so, if you have
an Android phone, I'm

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pretty sure it's fairly easy to go
online, find searches, and figure out

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how to upload it to Android.

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I have an iPhone, so that's the process
that I'm going to show here today.

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So, for a set up, you're probably
going to want to remember

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this URL so you can access the page.

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All of these instructions,
plus a couple more hints,

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are available at bit.ly/vrseminar
And so, if you follow that link,

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you'll get access to a page that
has all this information plus more.

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So the first thing you're going to
want to do is install Unity Personal.

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Personal is the free version of Unity.

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And as long as you're not using
Unity to make more than $10,000,

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you should be able to
download Unity Personal

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and use it for free,
which is pretty awesome.

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I think Unity will install Monodevelop.

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If not, then you should
also install Monodevelop.

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It's the programming for Unity.

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So whenever we need to code
something, it will be in Monodevelop.

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And if you're on a Windows
computer, Microsoft Visual Studio

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will suffice, as well.

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There is the download for Monodevelop.

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And then, in terms of actually
using Google Cardboard-- so

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Google Cardboard is
this thing right here.

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It's a virtual reality device.

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It unfolds and it becomes like a little
box that you can put your phone into.

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You're going to need to download
the SDK for Google Cardboard.

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And that will be a
source code zip folder.

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And you can download it at
this URL here or this one here.

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And then if you have
an iPhone, and you want

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to be able to upload
it to your iPhone, you

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should download the iPhone programming
language, or IDE for programming,

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called Xcode.

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Get a developer account.

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And then you should
also register your phone

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as a Developer's, like, device
that you can then upload things to.

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So it might take a while,
but it's only needed

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for the last step of actually
uploading things to your phone.

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And then, for the
final step, you'll need

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to actually buy a Google Cardboard.

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It should be less than $10.

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This is the only step that should
cost any money, whatsoever.

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The rest of everything
else should be free,

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which is something that I really
like about Google Cardboard.

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So total cost should be less than $10.

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So what is virtual reality?

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I like to think of virtual reality as
separate from these other two types

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of virtual-like realities, which
are AR and mixed realities.

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So AR is augmented reality.

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It's when you have a space
like this, and you look around,

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and it will basically display data
on the information around you.

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That's augmented reality.

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You can also be in the real world
and put on, like, glasses or whatnot

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and interact with virtual objects.

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And that's called mixed reality.

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Virtual reality is when
everything around you is virtual.

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So you have no interactions
with the real world.

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It's all a complete virtual reality.

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So this has many applications.

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You can imagine, easy
ones for entertainment,

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where 3D movies are pretty darned cool.

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Job training, where you can
have people learn things

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about their job or interact
with virtual simulator

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to learn how to do the
job for the first time.

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It can also be super
useful for remote controls.

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So, if you imagine you're,
like, flying an airplane,

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but you're in a virtual reality
version of the actual airplane

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that you're flying.

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And, in my opinion, it's
kind of starting to take off.

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There are lots of new devices ranging
from all sorts of different ways

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to put on virtual reality.

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There's Microsoft HoloLens and Oculus
Rift and a whole bunch of other things.

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HoloLens might be considered
more AR or mixed reality.

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But anyhow, all this type of stuff
is getting extremely popular.

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And I think it's really cool that
you can make it for under $10.

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There's also many new audiences
that are being introduced to it.

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One of the coolest things
I saw was Lockheed Martin,

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a company created a bus where
they had virtual reality displayed

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on the windows, so that kids took a
bus field trip on the surface of Mars.

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So as they took turns
down street, they actually

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mapped the streets onto
the surface of Mars

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and were able to get people to feel like
they are on Mars and experience that.

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So I thought that that
was a super cool thing

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that you could do with virtual reality.

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So now let's get started.

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As I mentioned before, this is all stuff
that I learned from Googling last year

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because I was interested in virtual
reality and [INAUDIBLE] my class

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and did it.

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So I have no formal
training in this whatsoever,

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and this is just what I've
learned from searching online.

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So you can find almost all of this
information, if not all of it, online.

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And of course, in the seminar.

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So Unity is an engine for
creating your 3-D world.

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We'll be using some other things
to actually do the programming

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and uploading it to your phone.

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But for the actual world, that's
all going to be done in Unity.

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It makes it really easy to
build virtual reality apps.

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And it's completely free, as long as
you're not making more than $10,000,

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which probably you're not-- given
that you haven't made an app yet.

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So let's set up our world
for virtual reality.

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I'll make note here that I
have a whole lot of slides,

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but really, most of the stuff we're
going to be doing is on Unity.

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So I'll kind of discard
the slides at this point.

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We might come back to it just to
get a hang on some other stuff.

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But most of the stuff we'll be
doing will actually be on Unity.

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So first we're going to create
a new project, import the SDK

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that we downloaded for Google Cardboard.

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We'll choose the layout for our project.

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I happen to prefer some other layouts,
but we'll stick with the default one.

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And I'll just show you
guys how that works.

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We're going to add in this
cardboard main pre-fab

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and then delete the main camera.

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And we'll have virtual reality.

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It won't have any objects in it.

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And that's what we'll do after this.

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So if you open up Unity--

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Unity should look like
this if you downloaded it.

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You can say file.

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And there should be something
that says New Project right here.

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For you, it will be bold and allow
you to open up a new project.

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Or you can click this button here.

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And then let's name this--

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so CS50 Seminar VR World--

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if I can spell world--

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OK.

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And then, I don't really
need Unity analytics.

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It gives you some data
about your projects.

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And then you can also choose what
location you want to store this on.

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So I'm going to go to hard drive
and store it in CS50 Seminar.

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So that's the folder that's going
to contain this entire project.

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So now I can say, Create Project.

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You also want to make sure that
it's 3-D, not a 2-D project.

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Unity can be used to build
both versions of apps.

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And so you want to make sure that it's
the 3-D version because we're going

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to make a 3-D virtual reality world.

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So this is our virtual reality world.

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We'll stick with something
close to the default.

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If you want to change
how your layout works,

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you can actually drag all
these little tabs around.

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So this is, like, going to be
the game tab where we actually

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see what's going on.

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This is the scene tab where
we can build up the scene.

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And the game is where we
actually run and play stuff.

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This is our Project tab.

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It's going to hold all
of the folders and things

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that we import into our project and
all the, like, objects and stuff

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that we use to create the scenes.

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And then over here is
going to be our hierarchy.

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And it's going to have all of the
objects that we have into our games.

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So if we, like, create a
ball or create terrain,

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these are all going to show up here.

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So the first thing we're going to do is
import the SDK from Google Cardboard.

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So in order to do this,
you can go to Assets--

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Import Package-- and this is
going to be a custom package.

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I believe I still have mine--

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oh, look.

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Comes up right here.

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So it depends on where
you have your package.

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Mine-- I still have in
my Downloads folder.

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And so you open up that folder--

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GBR Unity SDK 0.6 and that should
give you the Unity package.

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Do make sure that when you download
the SDK, you're downloading 0.6--

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I haven't gotten the newer
versions to work with Unity

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and uploading to my iPhone yet.

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So make sure you are installing
that old version of 0.6.

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It's the best one that works
with Google Cardboard right now.

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So Cardboard SDK for Unity--

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Unity Package-- is the one that
you're going to want to install.

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It will upload everything.

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You can oftentimes select
what types of things you want.

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For this, I'm just
going to import it all.

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It shouldn't take any longer than usual
and should be just fine like that.

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So this is because we're using
the old version of the SDK.

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And since this is a
new project, normally

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if you had a project that
had been built before,

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you'd really want to
make a backup of it.

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Here, we don't exactly
have a backup of it,

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but we don't care because it's
a completely brand new project.

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So it will go ahead and basically run
a script on all of the Google Cardboard

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scripts and update them to the new
APIs and whatnot that Unity now uses.

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So you'll see that Cardboard
and plug-ins show up here.

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And what we can do is go
into Cardboard and Prefabs.

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Prefabs are like pre-made
objects that can be downloaded.

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And so, for the pre-fab that we want--

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it's called Cardboard Main.

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You'll see there's another
Cardboard M here-- that's Manager.

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You don't want that.

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You want Cardboard Main.

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And this will make our app 3D.

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So you'll notice that
since this part came down,

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you can now see that objects
that we have in our world.

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We have some light source that's kind
of showing up on the horizon here.

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And then we also have a main camera.

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And now we just dragged in
Cardboard Main that just showed up.

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So if we run our app, it will
switch over to the game tab and show

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something like this.

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You'll notice it's got
weird stuff behind it.

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That's because I haven't
deleted the main camera yet.

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So we can delete the main camera.

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And Cardboard Main will
actually act like our camera

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and will be able to look
around a virtual reality.

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So you can see that this is something
like how the game will display

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once it's actually on your phone.

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Each side of those--

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each side of the screen there--

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what Google Cardboard does is it has
two magnifying lenses that kind of help

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cross your eyes.

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And it uses the fact that when you
cross your eyes with two things that

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are showing different perspectives,
it makes it look really 3-D and real.

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So that's what this is displaying here.

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So that's how we know that
Cardboard Main is working.

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If you already have some
experience with Unity

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and you just have a world that you want
to make into a 3-D virtual reality,

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you can literally drag Cardboard Main.

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And then whatever scripts
you had on your camera,

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you pretty much just put them onto the
Cardboard Main object and there you go.

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Now you've turned this other 3-D
world into a 3-D virtual reality,

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which I think is pretty
awesome and really easy to do.

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So now let's start
actually building a world.

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We're going to add some terrain
and make some mountains in here.

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So there are a couple of
different ways you can do this.

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00:10:51,890 --> 00:10:57,040
You can right click in the
hierarchy and select 3-D object--

237
00:10:57,040 --> 00:10:59,619
or maybe it's not 3-D object.

238
00:10:59,619 --> 00:11:00,160
I don't know.

239
00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:02,860
You can create stuff
both in the hierarchy--

240
00:11:02,860 --> 00:11:07,640
but the way that I normally do it,
obviously, is to go through here.

241
00:11:07,640 --> 00:11:11,960
Looks like it is a 3-D object
and it is on the terrain.

242
00:11:11,960 --> 00:11:13,560
So now we've got this terrain.

243
00:11:13,560 --> 00:11:15,530
You can see how big it
is in the scene here.

244
00:11:15,530 --> 00:11:16,920
Let me back up.

245
00:11:16,920 --> 00:11:19,730
So now we've got a terrain.

246
00:11:19,730 --> 00:11:23,030
As big as it is, I like making
mine a little bit bigger.

247
00:11:23,030 --> 00:11:24,311
So we're going to update this.

248
00:11:24,311 --> 00:11:26,810
You can see I clicked on the
Settings panel for the terrain.

249
00:11:26,810 --> 00:11:28,460
We've got the terrain
selected over here.

250
00:11:28,460 --> 00:11:30,210
And now I'm the inspector
for the terrain.

251
00:11:30,210 --> 00:11:32,010
We've got settings for it.

252
00:11:32,010 --> 00:11:33,640
And I'm going to make it twice as big.

253
00:11:33,640 --> 00:11:37,391
So I'm going to adjust the width to
be 1,000 and the height to be 1,000.

254
00:11:37,391 --> 00:11:39,140
And now you can see
I've got twice as big.

255
00:11:39,140 --> 00:11:41,050
Awesome.

256
00:11:41,050 --> 00:11:44,650
And then you have to be careful
if you're doing this on your own

257
00:11:44,650 --> 00:11:48,520
not to make it too big because it
does a whole lot of calculations

258
00:11:48,520 --> 00:11:49,450
for the terrain.

259
00:11:49,450 --> 00:11:52,366
And if you make it too big, it can't
do all those calculations at once

260
00:11:52,366 --> 00:11:54,370
and it will make your
app run a lot slower

261
00:11:54,370 --> 00:11:56,560
or actually cause your
app to completely break.

262
00:11:56,560 --> 00:12:00,064
So I find that 1,000 is pretty good
for whatever you want to be doing.

263
00:12:00,064 --> 00:12:02,980
If you want to make bigger terrains,
see whether or not your app still

264
00:12:02,980 --> 00:12:05,950
works with that gigantic terrain.

265
00:12:05,950 --> 00:12:08,080
Now we can actually draw
some mountains on this.

266
00:12:08,080 --> 00:12:11,080
So there is a little raise
and lower terrain button.

267
00:12:11,080 --> 00:12:14,500
I'm going to just view here so I'm
seeing everything from the top.

268
00:12:14,500 --> 00:12:16,840
And then when you want to
move around in your scene,

269
00:12:16,840 --> 00:12:19,890
these are your options
up here in the corner.

270
00:12:19,890 --> 00:12:23,060
You can zoom in on these so you
can see what's going on better.

271
00:12:23,060 --> 00:12:24,910
So these options up
here in the corner are

272
00:12:24,910 --> 00:12:29,240
what you can use to actually
move around in the world.

273
00:12:29,240 --> 00:12:32,940
So I'm going to do
this and then zoom in.

274
00:12:32,940 --> 00:12:38,930
And since this is a programming
course, of course we have to do--

275
00:12:38,930 --> 00:12:40,080
hello, world.

276
00:12:40,080 --> 00:12:47,135
And so I will draw some
mountains that spell out hello--

277
00:12:47,135 --> 00:12:51,560


278
00:12:51,560 --> 00:12:53,222
oh, that's a of funky o--

279
00:12:53,222 --> 00:12:55,940
and you'll note that
I'm using my trackpad.

280
00:12:55,940 --> 00:12:58,610
A lot of this stuff can
be easier with a mouse.

281
00:12:58,610 --> 00:13:02,360
But I happen to use a trackpad
and it works just fine.

282
00:13:02,360 --> 00:13:03,560
So you can do either.

283
00:13:03,560 --> 00:13:08,570


284
00:13:08,570 --> 00:13:09,330
So there you go.

285
00:13:09,330 --> 00:13:10,320
It's just that easy.

286
00:13:10,320 --> 00:13:14,950
If you right click and move around,
then you can change the orientation.

287
00:13:14,950 --> 00:13:20,080
And we can see that-- let's see, I'm
going to move over here a little bit.

288
00:13:20,080 --> 00:13:24,190
And now we have some mountains
that spell out, hello world.

289
00:13:24,190 --> 00:13:27,360
So you can kind of move back
and forth in the mountains.

290
00:13:27,360 --> 00:13:30,810
So I think it's pretty easy how--

291
00:13:30,810 --> 00:13:33,520
pretty cool how easy that is.

292
00:13:33,520 --> 00:13:36,115
So now we've created the terrain.

293
00:13:36,115 --> 00:13:37,990
The next thing that
we're going to want to do

294
00:13:37,990 --> 00:13:41,150
is make a player that can
move around the terrain.

295
00:13:41,150 --> 00:13:43,810
So here we are going
to create a 3-D object.

296
00:13:43,810 --> 00:13:46,360
And this time it's going to be a sphere.

297
00:13:46,360 --> 00:13:49,540
What we could do at this point
is make the camera, itself,

298
00:13:49,540 --> 00:13:51,080
what's moving around the world.

299
00:13:51,080 --> 00:13:54,670
But I find it much easier if we actually
create a new object, the sphere,

300
00:13:54,670 --> 00:13:59,290
and put the camera inside of the sphere
and have it move around that way.

301
00:13:59,290 --> 00:14:01,690
It makes a lot of the
physical interactions easier

302
00:14:01,690 --> 00:14:04,720
and it's a lot easier to separate
the programming that way.

303
00:14:04,720 --> 00:14:07,090
So I'm going to call this the player.

304
00:14:07,090 --> 00:14:09,840


305
00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:12,440
And what this is going
to do is we're going

306
00:14:12,440 --> 00:14:18,200
to make this into an actual
physical object in this world.

307
00:14:18,200 --> 00:14:22,370
So right now it's just going
to kind of hover there.

308
00:14:22,370 --> 00:14:24,660
Let's see-- wow, that's very tiny.

309
00:14:24,660 --> 00:14:27,260
And it's kind of stuck in oblivion.

310
00:14:27,260 --> 00:14:28,820
That's extremely tiny.

311
00:14:28,820 --> 00:14:33,355
Anyhow, so in order to make this
an actual physical object that

312
00:14:33,355 --> 00:14:36,230
can interact with the mountains, we
need to add this component called

313
00:14:36,230 --> 00:14:37,840
the rigid body to it.

314
00:14:37,840 --> 00:14:39,310
So this is rigid body.

315
00:14:39,310 --> 00:14:42,100
And you literally just click on
it and it adds a rigid body to it.

316
00:14:42,100 --> 00:14:45,520
You can see that this starts to
look more like a physical object.

317
00:14:45,520 --> 00:14:49,990
It's got stuff like mass and
drag and other things like that.

318
00:14:49,990 --> 00:14:53,190
So we can uncheck, Use
Gravity, because we

319
00:14:53,190 --> 00:14:56,190
want this to be flying around
the world and not just rolling.

320
00:14:56,190 --> 00:14:59,830
So that's what that
does-- turns off gravity.

321
00:14:59,830 --> 00:15:01,920
And then, now it's time
to actually make it fly.

322
00:15:01,920 --> 00:15:04,720
So this is the first
programming part of this.

323
00:15:04,720 --> 00:15:06,399
I want to make a new script.

324
00:15:06,399 --> 00:15:08,940
So you'll see that that's an
option down at the bottom here--

325
00:15:08,940 --> 00:15:10,140
new script.

326
00:15:10,140 --> 00:15:12,820
And we're going to call it, Fly.

327
00:15:12,820 --> 00:15:15,130
And I happen to use
the language C-sharp.

328
00:15:15,130 --> 00:15:16,420
You can also use JavaScript.

329
00:15:16,420 --> 00:15:18,190
But it looks quite a bit different.

330
00:15:18,190 --> 00:15:21,070
I happen to like C-sharp because
it's a lot more like Java,

331
00:15:21,070 --> 00:15:22,390
which I know better.

332
00:15:22,390 --> 00:15:27,790
So if you double click on Fly,
it should open up in some editor.

333
00:15:27,790 --> 00:15:30,910
For me, that's going to
be the Monoscript editor.

334
00:15:30,910 --> 00:15:35,520
For other people, that can be
something else, like Visual Studio

335
00:15:35,520 --> 00:15:39,700
or Monodevelop, not Monoscript.

336
00:15:39,700 --> 00:15:41,820
Where did it go?

337
00:15:41,820 --> 00:15:42,401
Hop up here?

338
00:15:42,401 --> 00:15:42,900
Yeah.

339
00:15:42,900 --> 00:15:43,399
OK.

340
00:15:43,399 --> 00:15:46,280
So it might open up in another
window or you have to slide over.

341
00:15:46,280 --> 00:15:48,760
Time to make this into a new thing.

342
00:15:48,760 --> 00:15:55,630
OK, so you see that it starts
us off with this Fly code here.

343
00:15:55,630 --> 00:16:00,220
And this is how every single script
that you make is going to start off.

344
00:16:00,220 --> 00:16:02,050
Using-- you'll notice in C-sharp--

345
00:16:02,050 --> 00:16:06,730
is a lot like Import and Python, where
it just uses a particular library.

346
00:16:06,730 --> 00:16:09,400
Our script name is
here, it's called Fly.

347
00:16:09,400 --> 00:16:12,407
And it actually subclasses another
class called mono behavior.

348
00:16:12,407 --> 00:16:14,990
That's going to be the case for
all of your different scripts.

349
00:16:14,990 --> 00:16:19,420
They're all going to be
subclasses of mono behavior.

350
00:16:19,420 --> 00:16:22,330
Every single script can
have a start and an update.

351
00:16:22,330 --> 00:16:25,720
This runs once at the start of
when you're running your project.

352
00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:29,110
And then update this called
once every single frame.

353
00:16:29,110 --> 00:16:31,420
And let's start to make this thing fly.

354
00:16:31,420 --> 00:16:36,580
So it seems obvious that we'll probably
want a type of speed for the ball.

355
00:16:36,580 --> 00:16:38,750
So we'll have a float speed.

356
00:16:38,750 --> 00:16:42,070
And if we want things to be
editable inside of the Unity editor,

357
00:16:42,070 --> 00:16:44,150
we can label them public.

358
00:16:44,150 --> 00:16:46,640
And then we can edit them
as we go and adjust them.

359
00:16:46,640 --> 00:16:48,850
So almost all of the--

360
00:16:48,850 --> 00:16:51,314
almost, if not all, of
the variables we use

361
00:16:51,314 --> 00:16:53,980
will be public variables so that
we can edit them in the editor.

362
00:16:53,980 --> 00:16:59,320


363
00:16:59,320 --> 00:17:01,570
And then, as well as
speed, we're also going

364
00:17:01,570 --> 00:17:04,619
to need the pointer that
we want the object to go.

365
00:17:04,619 --> 00:17:06,910
So if we want to go this way,
we need to have something

366
00:17:06,910 --> 00:17:09,349
for it to point to tell
it what direction to go.

367
00:17:09,349 --> 00:17:14,140
So this is actually going to be
a game object that we'll give it.

368
00:17:14,140 --> 00:17:17,990
And game objects are really any type of
object that we see in that hierarchy.

369
00:17:17,990 --> 00:17:21,910
So the ball itself is a game
object, as well as Cardboard Main.

370
00:17:21,910 --> 00:17:25,599
And, as we'll see, a particular
part of Cardboard Main called,

371
00:17:25,599 --> 00:17:27,310
Head, is also a game object.

372
00:17:27,310 --> 00:17:30,470
And that's what we're really
using as the pointer here.

373
00:17:30,470 --> 00:17:32,980
So we have the speed,
we have the pointer,

374
00:17:32,980 --> 00:17:35,950
and now instead of actually
using start an update,

375
00:17:35,950 --> 00:17:39,160
I'm going to be using this one called--

376
00:17:39,160 --> 00:17:41,101
what is it called--

377
00:17:41,101 --> 00:17:42,290
is that the right one?

378
00:17:42,290 --> 00:17:42,790
Yes.

379
00:17:42,790 --> 00:17:43,331
Fixed update.

380
00:17:43,331 --> 00:17:50,160


381
00:17:50,160 --> 00:17:52,620
So fixed update is
what Unity likes to use

382
00:17:52,620 --> 00:17:57,821
whenever you're adjusting the physical
properties or, like, how something

383
00:17:57,821 --> 00:17:58,320
is moving.

384
00:17:58,320 --> 00:18:01,930
So in this case, we want to be
adjusting the velocity of the object.

385
00:18:01,930 --> 00:18:04,760
And so you want to do that
inside fixed update, not update.

386
00:18:04,760 --> 00:18:07,140
So any physics type
stuff you're generally

387
00:18:07,140 --> 00:18:10,820
going to want to do in fixed update.

388
00:18:10,820 --> 00:18:16,300
So now we actually want to get the
rigid body component of the ball.

389
00:18:16,300 --> 00:18:20,860
So we'll do that with
rigid body kit component.

390
00:18:20,860 --> 00:18:27,100
And then we want rigid body.

391
00:18:27,100 --> 00:18:32,050
So this literally just accesses
the rigid body component of ball

392
00:18:32,050 --> 00:18:37,540
that we've made and assigns it to the
variable RB, short for rigid body.

393
00:18:37,540 --> 00:18:41,580
And now we can use this rigid
body to actually move the object.

394
00:18:41,580 --> 00:18:51,460
So we can say RB.velocity is
equal to speed times pointer.

395
00:18:51,460 --> 00:18:55,060
So you'll notice that we just
accessed the pointer here.

396
00:18:55,060 --> 00:18:58,210
And then it-- every
single game object has

397
00:18:58,210 --> 00:19:00,510
a component of it called the transform.

398
00:19:00,510 --> 00:19:02,260
And I'm actually going
to switch over here

399
00:19:02,260 --> 00:19:05,600
so you can see what this
transform looks like.

400
00:19:05,600 --> 00:19:08,350
So here you'll notice our player
has a transform right here.

401
00:19:08,350 --> 00:19:11,200
The transfer arm holds things like
position, rotation, and scale.

402
00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:13,120
But it also holds the
different direction.

403
00:19:13,120 --> 00:19:18,010
So it just so happens that there's a
forward vector that we can reference.

404
00:19:18,010 --> 00:19:20,720
And so that's what we're
going to do back in the code.

405
00:19:20,720 --> 00:19:28,170
So here, transform.forward and that
will get the blue axis of the transform

406
00:19:28,170 --> 00:19:31,780
in the world space, which
is the forward axis.

407
00:19:31,780 --> 00:19:34,360
So this will set the velocity
of the ball to be the speed.

408
00:19:34,360 --> 00:19:37,050
And then whatever object is
pointing in a certain direction,

409
00:19:37,050 --> 00:19:39,240
it will point in the same
direction as that object

410
00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:40,950
and move forward in that direction.

411
00:19:40,950 --> 00:19:42,340
That's exactly what we want.

412
00:19:42,340 --> 00:19:43,710
So we can save this.

413
00:19:43,710 --> 00:19:50,070
And then as we switch back into Unity,
we notice that this will update.

414
00:19:50,070 --> 00:19:54,300
And now it has options for us
to put in a speed and a pointer.

415
00:19:54,300 --> 00:19:59,560
So speed works off well as 10-- just
to start off-- to see how things go.

416
00:19:59,560 --> 00:20:02,970
And then for the
pointer, we actually want

417
00:20:02,970 --> 00:20:07,060
this to be the head
underneath Cardboard Main.

418
00:20:07,060 --> 00:20:10,770
So a note about the differences
between Cardboard Main and Head.

419
00:20:10,770 --> 00:20:14,147
Head is going to be the rotation of
the user when they're moving around.

420
00:20:14,147 --> 00:20:16,980
So when they look through Google
Cardboard and they move their head,

421
00:20:16,980 --> 00:20:18,630
that's going to be what's rotating.

422
00:20:18,630 --> 00:20:23,160
Cardboard Main is going to be the entire
camera moving around in the space.

423
00:20:23,160 --> 00:20:25,660
So if you have any movement
scripts that you want to attach,

424
00:20:25,660 --> 00:20:27,701
those are going to be
attached to Cardboard Main.

425
00:20:27,701 --> 00:20:30,420
If you ever want to see what
direction a person is looking in,

426
00:20:30,420 --> 00:20:33,540
that's going to be the
forward vector on the head.

427
00:20:33,540 --> 00:20:37,440
So since we want the player to move
in the direction that they're looking,

428
00:20:37,440 --> 00:20:39,630
we'll just drag the
head object in to there

429
00:20:39,630 --> 00:20:41,459
and that should allow the ball to move.

430
00:20:41,459 --> 00:20:43,875
I'm going to make sure that
the ball starts off at 0, 0, 0

431
00:20:43,875 --> 00:20:47,150
so we can actually see it.

432
00:20:47,150 --> 00:20:54,260
And when we play, you can
see the ball flying off.

433
00:20:54,260 --> 00:20:59,920
And then a little intro into how to
actually use the emulator on here.

434
00:20:59,920 --> 00:21:01,220
So I'll play it again.

435
00:21:01,220 --> 00:21:03,662
If you hold down Option, and
you move your mouse around,

436
00:21:03,662 --> 00:21:05,870
it allows you to look around
in different directions.

437
00:21:05,870 --> 00:21:08,911
And we can see that the ball is moving
around in the different directions

438
00:21:08,911 --> 00:21:10,850
that we look-- up and down and around.

439
00:21:10,850 --> 00:21:12,950
And then if you hold down
Control, you can tilt.

440
00:21:12,950 --> 00:21:16,199
This won't do anything because it's not
actually affecting the forward vector.

441
00:21:16,199 --> 00:21:18,134
But it allows you to
move around in the world.

442
00:21:18,134 --> 00:21:20,300
So you'll notice that this
is still showing like how

443
00:21:20,300 --> 00:21:22,550
it would display on your phone.

444
00:21:22,550 --> 00:21:26,480
Cardboard Main actually has a couple
options to help deal with that.

445
00:21:26,480 --> 00:21:29,330
So VR mode enabled
here actually allows it

446
00:21:29,330 --> 00:21:32,940
so that you can just see your
world without having that VR stuff.

447
00:21:32,940 --> 00:21:36,140
You're going to make sure that you
recheck that though before you actually

448
00:21:36,140 --> 00:21:38,150
export or build your
app because otherwise

449
00:21:38,150 --> 00:21:39,920
it will display on your phone like this.

450
00:21:39,920 --> 00:21:41,780
If you don't have
Google Cardboard yet, it

451
00:21:41,780 --> 00:21:45,012
might actually be a good idea to
export it with this unchecked.

452
00:21:45,012 --> 00:21:46,970
So that way it displays
on your phone like this

453
00:21:46,970 --> 00:21:48,500
and you can just look
around and see stuff.

454
00:21:48,500 --> 00:21:50,458
If you have Google
Cardboard, you're definitely

455
00:21:50,458 --> 00:21:54,921
going to want to have that check so
it actually makes a virtual reality.

456
00:21:54,921 --> 00:21:56,420
All right, so that's the first test.

457
00:21:56,420 --> 00:22:00,290
We now have a ball that
can fly around the world.

458
00:22:00,290 --> 00:22:04,071
Now we just have to attach
the Cardboard Main to the ball

459
00:22:04,071 --> 00:22:07,070
and actually be inside of it so that
you feel like you're the one flying

460
00:22:07,070 --> 00:22:08,550
as you go through the app.

461
00:22:08,550 --> 00:22:11,750
So the way that we're going to do
that is a pretty simple script--

462
00:22:11,750 --> 00:22:15,980
we're just going to call it
Follow, and make a new script.

463
00:22:15,980 --> 00:22:20,450
And this is literally going
to follow the player object.

464
00:22:20,450 --> 00:22:22,100
So we'll give it a target.

465
00:22:22,100 --> 00:22:32,740


466
00:22:32,740 --> 00:22:36,940
And then here, again, we're not
going to be using Start or Update.

467
00:22:36,940 --> 00:22:39,880
We're going to be using
another one called Late Update.

468
00:22:39,880 --> 00:22:44,620
So the reason for this, is that
all of the physical actions

469
00:22:44,620 --> 00:22:48,890
take place around this update time
and around this, like, fixed update.

470
00:22:48,890 --> 00:22:51,550
And what I want to have happen
is I want the ball to move

471
00:22:51,550 --> 00:22:53,800
and then I want the camera
to move inside of it.

472
00:22:53,800 --> 00:22:55,721
If we have a situation
where the camera moves

473
00:22:55,721 --> 00:22:57,970
to where the ball is, and
then the ball jumps forward,

474
00:22:57,970 --> 00:23:00,494
it could be that our
camera actually is outside

475
00:23:00,494 --> 00:23:02,410
of the ball by the time
the frame is finished.

476
00:23:02,410 --> 00:23:04,450
And then we'll like see the
ball hovering in front of us

477
00:23:04,450 --> 00:23:05,658
and it will be kind of weird.

478
00:23:05,658 --> 00:23:08,380
A note as still like
how this all works--

479
00:23:08,380 --> 00:23:11,540
Unity only renders the
outsides of objects.

480
00:23:11,540 --> 00:23:13,677
So if we put the camera
inside of the sphere,

481
00:23:13,677 --> 00:23:15,760
we'll actually be able to
look out from the sphere

482
00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:17,890
and won't just see like
the outside edge or feel

483
00:23:17,890 --> 00:23:19,510
like we're trapped inside this bubble.

484
00:23:19,510 --> 00:23:22,460
And we'll see a better example of
this later, but that's how this works.

485
00:23:22,460 --> 00:23:24,376
So if you put something
inside something else,

486
00:23:24,376 --> 00:23:26,250
you can always see
outside of the object.

487
00:23:26,250 --> 00:23:28,570
You just can't see into it.

488
00:23:28,570 --> 00:23:32,890
So inside of this Late Update we're
going to reference the current object

489
00:23:32,890 --> 00:23:33,910
that the script is on.

490
00:23:33,910 --> 00:23:36,610
So we're going to want to
put this onto Cardboard Main.

491
00:23:36,610 --> 00:23:38,590
Game Object it's kind
of like Self in Python.

492
00:23:38,590 --> 00:23:42,520
It just references what other
current object that the script is on.

493
00:23:42,520 --> 00:23:47,140
So Game Object we want to access this
one as transformed-- so it's position.

494
00:23:47,140 --> 00:23:51,510
And so its position equal to whatever
the target transference position is.

495
00:23:51,510 --> 00:23:56,870
Target dot transform--
and then position.

496
00:23:56,870 --> 00:23:58,430
Ta-da, not too hard.

497
00:23:58,430 --> 00:24:01,570
So as we switch back over to Unity--

498
00:24:01,570 --> 00:24:02,820
eventually this should update.

499
00:24:02,820 --> 00:24:06,810
I oftentimes like to hit Pause just to
force it to update to whatever script

500
00:24:06,810 --> 00:24:08,870
we made.

501
00:24:08,870 --> 00:24:11,420
And now you can see that that shows up.

502
00:24:11,420 --> 00:24:15,630
And inside that target, we're
going to want to put the player.

503
00:24:15,630 --> 00:24:17,040
So you can actually drag it.

504
00:24:17,040 --> 00:24:19,150
You notice each time
that we drag, there's

505
00:24:19,150 --> 00:24:20,900
also a little button over here--

506
00:24:20,900 --> 00:24:24,480
I'll zoom in so that
you can see it better.

507
00:24:24,480 --> 00:24:26,220
So there's this little button here.

508
00:24:26,220 --> 00:24:28,400
And if you click that,
then another window

509
00:24:28,400 --> 00:24:32,294
opens up where you can select from
all of the different possible objects.

510
00:24:32,294 --> 00:24:34,460
So if you don't like dragging,
that's another option

511
00:24:34,460 --> 00:24:35,750
where you can just select it.

512
00:24:35,750 --> 00:24:39,300
So now it's inside of
our player, and we should

513
00:24:39,300 --> 00:24:43,830
be able to move around and actually
do our first test of actually

514
00:24:43,830 --> 00:24:46,330
being inside of the sphere.

515
00:24:46,330 --> 00:24:49,950
So it turns out that the way that
we are moving the player before

516
00:24:49,950 --> 00:24:55,470
was a little bit too slow, so we're
going to switch this up to speed of 50.

517
00:24:55,470 --> 00:24:57,400
And then we're going to play it.

518
00:24:57,400 --> 00:25:02,809


519
00:25:02,809 --> 00:25:05,100
So now, for the first time,
you can see we are actually

520
00:25:05,100 --> 00:25:07,470
flying around this virtual world.

521
00:25:07,470 --> 00:25:12,270
And we can kind of dip and dive in
between mountains and fly around.

522
00:25:12,270 --> 00:25:16,100
And I love doing this because its
so much fun to fly around mountains.

523
00:25:16,100 --> 00:25:19,240
So in virtual reality, it will
look very similar to this,

524
00:25:19,240 --> 00:25:22,740
except it will actually look 3-D.
And if you put it on your phone,

525
00:25:22,740 --> 00:25:25,290
and you don't have the virtual
reality in it enabled--

526
00:25:25,290 --> 00:25:26,706
so you like uncheck that box--

527
00:25:26,706 --> 00:25:29,580
then it will show up like this and
you'll just move your phone around

528
00:25:29,580 --> 00:25:32,010
and it will display differently based
on which direction your phone is

529
00:25:32,010 --> 00:25:32,640
pointed in.

530
00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:34,200
So both are pretty cool effects.

531
00:25:34,200 --> 00:25:37,840


532
00:25:37,840 --> 00:25:40,870
So now that we've actually got
a working prototype for how

533
00:25:40,870 --> 00:25:42,940
we want this app to
work, it's a good time

534
00:25:42,940 --> 00:25:46,090
to organize this project
workspace down here.

535
00:25:46,090 --> 00:25:49,670
So I like to organize everything
by its particular type.

536
00:25:49,670 --> 00:25:53,290
So I'm going to make a scripts
folder for all of the scripts

537
00:25:53,290 --> 00:25:54,630
and put those in there.

538
00:25:54,630 --> 00:25:57,140


539
00:25:57,140 --> 00:26:01,617
And Google Cardboard looks like
it also has a plug-ins folder,

540
00:26:01,617 --> 00:26:02,700
as well, that is imported.

541
00:26:02,700 --> 00:26:08,870
So we can put all of Google
Cardboard into one folder.

542
00:26:08,870 --> 00:26:12,780
Plug-ins and cardboard
into Google Cardboard.

543
00:26:12,780 --> 00:26:17,730
Rearranging stuff in here won't
affect how your project runs at all.

544
00:26:17,730 --> 00:26:20,260
It will find all the same
assets in the same spot.

545
00:26:20,260 --> 00:26:22,570
I also notice that I haven't
really named the terrain.

546
00:26:22,570 --> 00:26:26,160
So I can call this mountains.

547
00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:28,050
And make sure you hit Enter.

548
00:26:28,050 --> 00:26:30,090
If you don't, it might
not update and then

549
00:26:30,090 --> 00:26:32,100
you'll have to re-type in the name.

550
00:26:32,100 --> 00:26:42,260
And I'm also going to call this mountain
terrain and make a new [INAUDIBLE]

551
00:26:42,260 --> 00:26:44,480
folder.

552
00:26:44,480 --> 00:26:49,430
So the main reason for organizing stuff
is so that it's easy to find later.

553
00:26:49,430 --> 00:26:51,580
And if you make a lot
of projects, maybe you

554
00:26:51,580 --> 00:26:54,670
want to copy this script over
onto a different project.

555
00:26:54,670 --> 00:26:57,550
And it's really easy if you know
where your scripts folder is.

556
00:26:57,550 --> 00:27:01,330
I know this is a lot unlike my room,
because my room is very, very messy.

557
00:27:01,330 --> 00:27:03,900
But I like to happen to like
to keep my work spaces clean.

558
00:27:03,900 --> 00:27:08,040
So that's that.

559
00:27:08,040 --> 00:27:12,710
Now we're going to make a whole
bunch of improvements on this world.

560
00:27:12,710 --> 00:27:17,330
I think it's really fun to paint the
mountains and change their textures,

561
00:27:17,330 --> 00:27:18,710
and so we'll look into that.

562
00:27:18,710 --> 00:27:21,440
We'll also be able to add
some objects into this world

563
00:27:21,440 --> 00:27:25,490
that you can find online and
we'll do some more programming.

564
00:27:25,490 --> 00:27:28,850
I want to show a bug that's
in the program right now.

565
00:27:28,850 --> 00:27:33,080
As we sort of fly, I didn't actually
try to fly through any mountains,

566
00:27:33,080 --> 00:27:36,117
but you'll notice that
if we try to, sometimes

567
00:27:36,117 --> 00:27:37,700
we'll actually bump into the mountain.

568
00:27:37,700 --> 00:27:41,780
A lot of time, we'll kind of like jerk
through it and it will act very weird.

569
00:27:41,780 --> 00:27:44,840
So we're going to spend some
programming time going through that

570
00:27:44,840 --> 00:27:47,300
and figuring out different
methods of dealing with that.

571
00:27:47,300 --> 00:27:49,500
So Unity isn't completely
perfect all the time.

572
00:27:49,500 --> 00:27:52,519
And oftentimes, you have to find
ways to get around ways that it's not

573
00:27:52,519 --> 00:27:53,310
absolutely perfect.

574
00:27:53,310 --> 00:27:56,290


575
00:27:56,290 --> 00:27:57,555
So the first thing-- textures.

576
00:27:57,555 --> 00:28:00,230


577
00:28:00,230 --> 00:28:03,500
Textures are what allow
objects to look differently.

578
00:28:03,500 --> 00:28:08,180
And so, as we go through, we'll be able
to actually-- instead of just having

579
00:28:08,180 --> 00:28:10,129
this plain, vanilla-like
white background,

580
00:28:10,129 --> 00:28:12,170
we can change how the
mountains look and actually

581
00:28:12,170 --> 00:28:14,750
get them to look a heck of
a lot more like mountains.

582
00:28:14,750 --> 00:28:17,550
These textures can be any PNG image.

583
00:28:17,550 --> 00:28:20,060
So if you have, like,
a photo of your friend

584
00:28:20,060 --> 00:28:23,210
that you want to use as how you
want your mountains to look,

585
00:28:23,210 --> 00:28:26,450
you can actually copy paste the
photo of your friend onto here.

586
00:28:26,450 --> 00:28:28,280
That will look pretty flat.

587
00:28:28,280 --> 00:28:31,040
One thing that all of the
PNGs are is they're static,

588
00:28:31,040 --> 00:28:34,250
so you can't have, like,
moving images on there.

589
00:28:34,250 --> 00:28:36,170
I tried to look up a
little bit yesterday

590
00:28:36,170 --> 00:28:37,840
at how you could do moving images.

591
00:28:37,840 --> 00:28:40,640
It looks like it's fairly complicated
and that Unity isn't especially suited

592
00:28:40,640 --> 00:28:41,140
to it.

593
00:28:41,140 --> 00:28:43,710
But you might be able
to if you wanted to.

594
00:28:43,710 --> 00:28:46,370
Most of textures though, are
going to be completely static.

595
00:28:46,370 --> 00:28:51,110
You can make them look a lot more
3-D though with a special normal PNG.

596
00:28:51,110 --> 00:28:56,300
And so it'll look kind of funky, but
it will allow you to have a flat area

597
00:28:56,300 --> 00:28:59,540
and then show a 3-D
texture on top of it.

598
00:28:59,540 --> 00:29:02,056
So I'll explain that
more when we get there.

599
00:29:02,056 --> 00:29:04,430
The coolest thing about textures
is that you can actually

600
00:29:04,430 --> 00:29:05,750
download them from online.

601
00:29:05,750 --> 00:29:10,450
So we're going to show you
guys the asset store here.

602
00:29:10,450 --> 00:29:12,000
And it takes a second to load.

603
00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:15,580
It's pretty cool because it has a
lot of free stuff that you can get.

604
00:29:15,580 --> 00:29:18,150
And it's right here inside of Unity.

605
00:29:18,150 --> 00:29:22,367
Looks like it didn't quite load
correctly, so I'll reload it.

606
00:29:22,367 --> 00:29:23,950
Hopefully it will come up right-- yay.

607
00:29:23,950 --> 00:29:26,650
OK, so in this case, we're
looking for textures.

608
00:29:26,650 --> 00:29:28,400
So I'm going to search
for a texture pack.

609
00:29:28,400 --> 00:29:30,930


610
00:29:30,930 --> 00:29:32,820
And I only want free
texture packs because I

611
00:29:32,820 --> 00:29:34,710
don't feel like spending money.

612
00:29:34,710 --> 00:29:37,749
And this one looks pretty good.

613
00:29:37,749 --> 00:29:39,790
So for you guys, this will
probably say download.

614
00:29:39,790 --> 00:29:44,480
It just so happens that I've already
downloaded it so I can just import it.

615
00:29:44,480 --> 00:29:48,306
And this will show up similar to when
we imported our SDK as a package.

616
00:29:48,306 --> 00:29:50,180
It will show, like, a
little list of objects.

617
00:29:50,180 --> 00:29:53,090
For these ones, I highly
recommend selecting everything

618
00:29:53,090 --> 00:29:54,330
that you don't need.

619
00:29:54,330 --> 00:29:58,220
Here-- there is a lot of stuff
that we really don't need in it.

620
00:29:58,220 --> 00:30:00,470
And so the things that
I want are actually

621
00:30:00,470 --> 00:30:04,642
just these particular
cave rock wall images.

622
00:30:04,642 --> 00:30:07,100
You can see that that's what
that one's going to look like.

623
00:30:07,100 --> 00:30:08,499
This is a different color.

624
00:30:08,499 --> 00:30:10,040
And this is what a normal looks like.

625
00:30:10,040 --> 00:30:14,570
So it's kind of got like this funky
purple, like, blue sheen to it.

626
00:30:14,570 --> 00:30:18,740
And that's what's going to
make errors actually look 3-D.

627
00:30:18,740 --> 00:30:21,470
And then I also like having
this darker one, as well.

628
00:30:21,470 --> 00:30:22,550
So we can import these.

629
00:30:22,550 --> 00:30:26,330


630
00:30:26,330 --> 00:30:29,512
And this will show up
in our project plane.

631
00:30:29,512 --> 00:30:31,220
Just so happens that
it already puts them

632
00:30:31,220 --> 00:30:33,800
in a textures folder,
which I really like,

633
00:30:33,800 --> 00:30:36,580
so I don't have to organize anything.

634
00:30:36,580 --> 00:30:39,220
And now we can start
to paint our mountains.

635
00:30:39,220 --> 00:30:42,964
So we'll go into the scene
here, click on our mountains.

636
00:30:42,964 --> 00:30:45,380
And you'll notice that there
is a little paint brush here.

637
00:30:45,380 --> 00:30:48,171
And this is what allows us to paint
our mountains different colors.

638
00:30:48,171 --> 00:30:49,610
So we can edit the textures.

639
00:30:49,610 --> 00:30:52,570
Add a particular texture.

640
00:30:52,570 --> 00:30:55,920
And your texture options--

641
00:30:55,920 --> 00:30:59,340
if we want to select
a particular one, we

642
00:30:59,340 --> 00:31:01,260
can select it here, or of course drag.

643
00:31:01,260 --> 00:31:04,520


644
00:31:04,520 --> 00:31:05,290
It's interesting.

645
00:31:05,290 --> 00:31:08,140
Normally this image would
also be displayed here.

646
00:31:08,140 --> 00:31:11,830
So something's going a little bit wrong,
but hopefully this will still work.

647
00:31:11,830 --> 00:31:13,780
Yep, it still displays there just fine.

648
00:31:13,780 --> 00:31:16,030
So, you know, Unity can
be a little bit finicky.

649
00:31:16,030 --> 00:31:18,970
But as long as things seem to be
working, they'll generally work.

650
00:31:18,970 --> 00:31:21,460
So here, now we can add that to here.

651
00:31:21,460 --> 00:31:26,940
And you can see that our mountains just
got looking a lot more like mountains.

652
00:31:26,940 --> 00:31:28,690
So if we fly around
the world now, you can

653
00:31:28,690 --> 00:31:33,890
see that they look like this when you
get up close and it looks pretty cool.

654
00:31:33,890 --> 00:31:35,530
So I'm going to back up.

655
00:31:35,530 --> 00:31:39,130
And I don't want it all to be gray.

656
00:31:39,130 --> 00:31:41,010
So I'm going to add a new texture.

657
00:31:41,010 --> 00:31:43,890
And we'll make this one
a little bit lighter.

658
00:31:43,890 --> 00:31:47,150


659
00:31:47,150 --> 00:31:50,940
And then we can actually,
literally, just paint in our world.

660
00:31:50,940 --> 00:31:54,830
And I want to use a slightly bigger one
so we can cover all of the mountains.

661
00:31:54,830 --> 00:32:00,630
And then I want to switch the
white one and paint world.

662
00:32:00,630 --> 00:32:07,010


663
00:32:07,010 --> 00:32:11,540
And then, as we fly around, we
will see that some of the mountains

664
00:32:11,540 --> 00:32:12,792
are going to be lighter.

665
00:32:12,792 --> 00:32:14,750
And then some of the
other ones will be darker.

666
00:32:14,750 --> 00:32:15,830
So we can hit play.

667
00:32:15,830 --> 00:32:19,070


668
00:32:19,070 --> 00:32:21,660
They'll fly around our world
and see that there are some

669
00:32:21,660 --> 00:32:24,090
that look like snow has fallen on them.

670
00:32:24,090 --> 00:32:26,690
So there's a whole lot of cool
stuff you can do with textures.

671
00:32:26,690 --> 00:32:29,190
And one of the things that I
really want to experiment with,

672
00:32:29,190 --> 00:32:32,910
and I hope you guys will, is if
you have more metallic textures,

673
00:32:32,910 --> 00:32:35,070
and you can mix them with,
like, natural textures,

674
00:32:35,070 --> 00:32:37,950
and make a whole bunch of, like,
really funky scenes that kind

675
00:32:37,950 --> 00:32:41,340
of border in between natural
and metallic and man-made.

676
00:32:41,340 --> 00:32:44,904
And so I think that would
be a super cool thing to do.

677
00:32:44,904 --> 00:32:46,320
I'm running through the mountains.

678
00:32:46,320 --> 00:32:47,307
OK.

679
00:32:47,307 --> 00:32:48,140
So we can stop that.

680
00:32:48,140 --> 00:32:51,110


681
00:32:51,110 --> 00:32:53,950
So now we've done our
painting of the mountains

682
00:32:53,950 --> 00:32:56,510
and gotten things to look
a little bit differently.

683
00:32:56,510 --> 00:32:59,300
Let's see what happens if
we want to add an object.

684
00:32:59,300 --> 00:33:05,980
So it just so happens that Unity is able
to display these fbx or .fbx or film

685
00:33:05,980 --> 00:33:07,696
box objects.

686
00:33:07,696 --> 00:33:09,820
And there are a lot of
these online because they're

687
00:33:09,820 --> 00:33:12,080
used, oftentimes, for 3-D modeling.

688
00:33:12,080 --> 00:33:13,960
And I asked my roommate
so like, what do you

689
00:33:13,960 --> 00:33:15,740
think would be a cool
thing to add to this world?

690
00:33:15,740 --> 00:33:18,850
And he said, oh, that looks pretty
cool, but I'd like to add a fortress.

691
00:33:18,850 --> 00:33:21,910
So I literally went to Google and--

692
00:33:21,910 --> 00:33:23,650
see if I can get out of this--

693
00:33:23,650 --> 00:33:28,760
and typed in fortressfbx--

694
00:33:28,760 --> 00:33:33,080
and hey, what do you know, they
have a three fortress fbx model

695
00:33:33,080 --> 00:33:36,770
we can click on and download.

696
00:33:36,770 --> 00:33:37,630
Looks like this.

697
00:33:37,630 --> 00:33:40,494


698
00:33:40,494 --> 00:33:42,910
And you can download it right
there and it should give you

699
00:33:42,910 --> 00:33:44,776
an option to select it as an fbx.

700
00:33:44,776 --> 00:33:46,900
It just so happens that
I've already downloaded it.

701
00:33:46,900 --> 00:33:49,270
So I'm going to now
install it in my projects.

702
00:33:49,270 --> 00:33:53,710
Just going to switch a couple slides
here as I get back to my main screen.

703
00:33:53,710 --> 00:33:54,430
All right.

704
00:33:54,430 --> 00:33:57,020
So here's my desktop.

705
00:33:57,020 --> 00:33:58,420
I'm going to open up Finder.

706
00:33:58,420 --> 00:34:00,550
And I just happened to--
when I downloaded that--

707
00:34:00,550 --> 00:34:03,490
I happened to not save it My
Downloads folder, but instead

708
00:34:03,490 --> 00:34:07,870
into this Resources folder.

709
00:34:07,870 --> 00:34:11,250
And so the castle is right here.

710
00:34:11,250 --> 00:34:13,199
Remember when at the start of--

711
00:34:13,199 --> 00:34:16,710
when I made my project, I
named it CS50 Seminar VR World.

712
00:34:16,710 --> 00:34:21,860
So we actually can just
copy this castle folder

713
00:34:21,860 --> 00:34:25,600
and paste it into the Assets
folder of our project.

714
00:34:25,600 --> 00:34:29,040


715
00:34:29,040 --> 00:34:33,080
Oh, did I say new
folder instead of paste.

716
00:34:33,080 --> 00:34:35,000
Pasted on.

717
00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:36,170
It will show up there.

718
00:34:36,170 --> 00:34:43,600
And then as we go back to Unity,
you'll see that Unity starts to update.

719
00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:46,311
And if we click on Assets
after it's done updating,

720
00:34:46,311 --> 00:34:48,810
we'll see that there is a castle
folder inside of there that

721
00:34:48,810 --> 00:34:52,900
will actually hold this castle object.

722
00:34:52,900 --> 00:34:55,650
So here is the castle fbx right here.

723
00:34:55,650 --> 00:35:01,150
We can just drag this onto the scene.

724
00:35:01,150 --> 00:35:03,010
Looks like it's super tiny right now.

725
00:35:03,010 --> 00:35:05,170
So let's make it a little bit bigger.

726
00:35:05,170 --> 00:35:06,630
How about 500 times bigger?

727
00:35:06,630 --> 00:35:11,420


728
00:35:11,420 --> 00:35:12,350
There we go.

729
00:35:12,350 --> 00:35:16,720
And then let's rotate it so
that fits on the ground better.

730
00:35:16,720 --> 00:35:19,060
And I happen to know that
I want it facing this way

731
00:35:19,060 --> 00:35:21,730
direction because I know
that the person's going

732
00:35:21,730 --> 00:35:23,275
to be starting off in this corner.

733
00:35:23,275 --> 00:35:26,150
So I actually want them to face the
castle as they go into the world.

734
00:35:26,150 --> 00:35:27,941
That's why I did negative
90 instead of 90,

735
00:35:27,941 --> 00:35:30,170
because 90 would have
flipped it the other way.

736
00:35:30,170 --> 00:35:32,350
So we now have this castle in our world.

737
00:35:32,350 --> 00:35:38,850
And if we press play,
and we turn around--

738
00:35:38,850 --> 00:35:40,040
hey, what do you know?

739
00:35:40,040 --> 00:35:42,460
We have a castle.

740
00:35:42,460 --> 00:35:44,750
One potential issue with
this castle, though,

741
00:35:44,750 --> 00:35:48,610
is that it doesn't have any of
these things called colliders on it.

742
00:35:48,610 --> 00:35:51,610
So the mountains happen to
have built-in colliders,

743
00:35:51,610 --> 00:35:55,340
as do the sphere that we
have the camera on right now.

744
00:35:55,340 --> 00:35:57,590
And it makes it so that
sometimes you bump into stuff.

745
00:35:57,590 --> 00:35:59,381
I mentioned that there
are issues with this

746
00:35:59,381 --> 00:36:01,180
that we'll fix with programming soon.

747
00:36:01,180 --> 00:36:03,880
But the castle has no
colliders, so we can literally

748
00:36:03,880 --> 00:36:08,590
fly through walls and doors and things
like that without any issue whatsoever.

749
00:36:08,590 --> 00:36:10,240
And it looks really weird like that.

750
00:36:10,240 --> 00:36:14,450
So let's back up and fix that.

751
00:36:14,450 --> 00:36:17,210
I literally discovered
this yesterday while I

752
00:36:17,210 --> 00:36:19,267
was making this presentation because--

753
00:36:19,267 --> 00:36:21,350
and it would have saved
me a heck of a lot of time

754
00:36:21,350 --> 00:36:24,070
while I was making a project last year.

755
00:36:24,070 --> 00:36:28,900
It just so happens that
under the castle fbx--

756
00:36:28,900 --> 00:36:30,050
object down in here.

757
00:36:30,050 --> 00:36:33,190
So you have to actually click
on it inside of the Project tab.

758
00:36:33,190 --> 00:36:35,770
There's an option called
Generate Colliders.

759
00:36:35,770 --> 00:36:41,727
And this creates colliders that will
then make it so that our ball does not

760
00:36:41,727 --> 00:36:43,060
run through the different walls.

761
00:36:43,060 --> 00:36:46,900
So for now if we turn and
try to run through a wall,

762
00:36:46,900 --> 00:36:49,210
sometimes this works
better than other times,

763
00:36:49,210 --> 00:36:51,610
because again, Unity
is not working great.

764
00:36:51,610 --> 00:36:55,030
But we can-- maybe it will stop us.

765
00:36:55,030 --> 00:36:57,610
Maybe-- yeah, this time it
actually stopped us and we now

766
00:36:57,610 --> 00:36:58,870
are running into the wall.

767
00:36:58,870 --> 00:37:01,470
So you can see that Unity still
isn't rendering it perfectly,

768
00:37:01,470 --> 00:37:03,889
but hey, at least it
got a little bit better.

769
00:37:03,889 --> 00:37:05,430
And we can see the collider is there.

770
00:37:05,430 --> 00:37:08,910
If we hadn't done that, then the ball
would never have run into the wall.

771
00:37:08,910 --> 00:37:11,880
So it's time to talk a little
bit more about these colliders

772
00:37:11,880 --> 00:37:15,330
and how they work better.

773
00:37:15,330 --> 00:37:22,460
But first let's adjust a little
bit how this whole colliding

774
00:37:22,460 --> 00:37:25,070
thing is messing up in Unity.

775
00:37:25,070 --> 00:37:29,600
So the easy fix for why the ball
is running through these mountains

776
00:37:29,600 --> 00:37:32,270
and through the castle is that
the ball is just too small.

777
00:37:32,270 --> 00:37:35,524
And when Unity is given more points to
work with, and you have a bigger ball,

778
00:37:35,524 --> 00:37:37,940
things will look better because
when you crash into stuff,

779
00:37:37,940 --> 00:37:39,780
your camera won't be
right up against the wall.

780
00:37:39,780 --> 00:37:41,780
It will have a little bit
of space in between it

781
00:37:41,780 --> 00:37:43,739
so you feel like you're
actually, like, bumping

782
00:37:43,739 --> 00:37:45,154
into things that are farther away.

783
00:37:45,154 --> 00:37:47,760
And you can see what's going
on when you bump into things.

784
00:37:47,760 --> 00:37:50,900
And the other reason is that
it gives Unity more points

785
00:37:50,900 --> 00:37:53,240
to deal with so when it's
trying to compute collisions,

786
00:37:53,240 --> 00:37:54,650
it actually has a
better chance of saying,

787
00:37:54,650 --> 00:37:56,790
oh, there's actually a
collision going on here.

788
00:37:56,790 --> 00:38:00,680
So I'm actually going to make
our ball 50 times bigger.

789
00:38:00,680 --> 00:38:04,730
And just to give an idea of
what this sort of looks like--

790
00:38:04,730 --> 00:38:11,990
as we're playing our game, I'm going to
drag the scene down here and orient it

791
00:38:11,990 --> 00:38:13,610
so we can kind of see what's going on.

792
00:38:13,610 --> 00:38:20,320


793
00:38:20,320 --> 00:38:21,140
There we go.

794
00:38:21,140 --> 00:38:29,520
And then, as we play the game, we can
see our ball rolling around down here.

795
00:38:29,520 --> 00:38:30,884
And then as we move--

796
00:38:30,884 --> 00:38:33,050
so this is what's actually
going on in the game-- is

797
00:38:33,050 --> 00:38:37,010
that we've got this ball with a
camera inside of it rolling around

798
00:38:37,010 --> 00:38:39,390
and now it will actually
bump into stuff.

799
00:38:39,390 --> 00:38:42,950
And if we notice, as we try to
run into mountains and things,

800
00:38:42,950 --> 00:38:47,600
it stops on, like, flying
through them weirdly.

801
00:38:47,600 --> 00:38:54,430
So now you can kind of have a sort of
physical interaction with the objects.

802
00:38:54,430 --> 00:38:57,892
And that, for the most part,
fixes most of the issues.

803
00:38:57,892 --> 00:38:59,850
Another potential issue
that we're dealing with

804
00:38:59,850 --> 00:39:02,490
is that Unity really doesn't
like what we did in the code

805
00:39:02,490 --> 00:39:06,720
there where we literally just set the
velocity to be a particular value.

806
00:39:06,720 --> 00:39:10,740
Much like most of physics, it doesn't
like instantaneously setting velocities

807
00:39:10,740 --> 00:39:13,260
and deals much better
with setting forces.

808
00:39:13,260 --> 00:39:16,290
And so if we switch over
our code to using forces,

809
00:39:16,290 --> 00:39:18,220
it will work a heck of a lot better.

810
00:39:18,220 --> 00:39:19,840
So let's do that.

811
00:39:19,840 --> 00:39:27,150
I'm going to click on Fly and it's
now time to become a programming Jedi

812
00:39:27,150 --> 00:39:29,160
and learn how to use the force.

813
00:39:29,160 --> 00:39:35,802
So we're going to make a
new public acceleration

814
00:39:35,802 --> 00:39:37,010
and it's going to be a float.

815
00:39:37,010 --> 00:39:42,950


816
00:39:42,950 --> 00:39:46,980
And instead of having a speed, we're
going to call this max speed now.

817
00:39:46,980 --> 00:39:51,740
We will still limit the speed so that
it doesn't accelerate infinitely fast.

818
00:39:51,740 --> 00:39:57,270
And then we're still going to
want to follow particular pointer.

819
00:39:57,270 --> 00:40:02,450
So here again, we still
want to get the rigid body.

820
00:40:02,450 --> 00:40:05,150
And then this time, though,
we're going to add a force to it.

821
00:40:05,150 --> 00:40:08,630


822
00:40:08,630 --> 00:40:11,780
Not [INAUDIBLE], just add force.

823
00:40:11,780 --> 00:40:12,740
Thank you.

824
00:40:12,740 --> 00:40:17,330
All right, then this force has to be a
three dimensional vector, which is just

825
00:40:17,330 --> 00:40:22,290
going to be our acceleration times the
direction that the head is pointing in.

826
00:40:22,290 --> 00:40:26,770


827
00:40:26,770 --> 00:40:31,780
And then we've got this one weird
last term, which is time.deltatime.

828
00:40:31,780 --> 00:40:37,390
So I'm honestly not exactly
sure how time.deltatime works.

829
00:40:37,390 --> 00:40:40,110
It's more of an intuition for
me, from what I've seen online,

830
00:40:40,110 --> 00:40:43,300
where any single time you have an
action that you want to take place,

831
00:40:43,300 --> 00:40:47,670
like adding a force, and it
takes place in between frames

832
00:40:47,670 --> 00:40:50,280
and you want it to add just
the right amount of force

833
00:40:50,280 --> 00:40:52,710
for that particular frame,
you want to multiply

834
00:40:52,710 --> 00:40:55,350
whatever vector you are
doing by time.deltatime

835
00:40:55,350 --> 00:40:59,040
and it will allow you to
actually get the object

836
00:40:59,040 --> 00:41:01,570
to move forward at the correct speed.

837
00:41:01,570 --> 00:41:04,426
So if you're just-- if you're
confused kind of like I am,

838
00:41:04,426 --> 00:41:05,550
you can do searches online.

839
00:41:05,550 --> 00:41:09,270
And what I generally ask is, like,
does ad force use time.deltatime

840
00:41:09,270 --> 00:41:13,720
and you'll usually find some answers
online regarding how that works.

841
00:41:13,720 --> 00:41:14,952
So we can out ad a force.

842
00:41:14,952 --> 00:41:17,910
And then, again, we're going to want
to actually limit it to max speed.

843
00:41:17,910 --> 00:41:23,560
So our rb.velocity is
equal to max speed.

844
00:41:23,560 --> 00:41:26,470
And here we actually
want to limit velocity.

845
00:41:26,470 --> 00:41:28,720
So we're going to do
vector 3, which is just

846
00:41:28,720 --> 00:41:32,710
the three dimensional-- it's the
class for three dimensional vectors.

847
00:41:32,710 --> 00:41:39,450
And we want to clamp the
magnitude to be max speed.

848
00:41:39,450 --> 00:41:42,592
And the vector we want to
clamp is its own velocity.

849
00:41:42,592 --> 00:41:45,250


850
00:41:45,250 --> 00:41:47,150
And max speed.

851
00:41:47,150 --> 00:41:51,670


852
00:41:51,670 --> 00:41:57,680
So this will take the velocity and
set it to make sure that it's always

853
00:41:57,680 --> 00:41:59,720
at max speed or less than it.

854
00:41:59,720 --> 00:42:02,870
Again, like I said before, Unity
still doesn't quite like this.

855
00:42:02,870 --> 00:42:05,210
And this isn't the perfect
way of doing things.

856
00:42:05,210 --> 00:42:07,880
Ideally, what we would do, is if
you were, like, moving forward

857
00:42:07,880 --> 00:42:10,520
at the max speed, it would
then start to cut out

858
00:42:10,520 --> 00:42:13,800
whatever component of that particular
direction you're moving in.

859
00:42:13,800 --> 00:42:15,810
So if you started to
turn, it would still turn

860
00:42:15,810 --> 00:42:18,580
but it would kind of limit how
much more forwards you can move.

861
00:42:18,580 --> 00:42:20,580
And always make sure that
that speed's the same.

862
00:42:20,580 --> 00:42:23,000
I didn't want to do any of
that complicated math here.

863
00:42:23,000 --> 00:42:25,560
This will still work great
for what we want to do here.

864
00:42:25,560 --> 00:42:26,301
So we'll do that.

865
00:42:26,301 --> 00:42:29,300
If you want to program that on your
own, it shouldn't be that difficult.

866
00:42:29,300 --> 00:42:32,091
But I thought it would be easier
to do-- show a simple example here

867
00:42:32,091 --> 00:42:33,720
of how that works.

868
00:42:33,720 --> 00:42:40,310
So switching back to Unity, we should
find here that this will update.

869
00:42:40,310 --> 00:42:43,410
Again, I like forcing it to
kind of play through stuff

870
00:42:43,410 --> 00:42:44,850
and then update based on that.

871
00:42:44,850 --> 00:42:48,750
There we go-- acceleration--

872
00:42:48,750 --> 00:42:52,730
so acceleration is how quickly it's
going to adapt when we turn our heads.

873
00:42:52,730 --> 00:42:54,680
So if we set it to be something, like--

874
00:42:54,680 --> 00:42:58,000
we can actually adjust
these values as we go.

875
00:42:58,000 --> 00:43:01,260
Let's set our speed back to
50 like we had it before.

876
00:43:01,260 --> 00:43:04,840
And I'll adjust these values as we play.

877
00:43:04,840 --> 00:43:09,460
So we'll notice that if we set it to
10, it's just barely moving right now.

878
00:43:09,460 --> 00:43:12,880
So maybe we'll bump it up to
be, like, 10 times higher.

879
00:43:12,880 --> 00:43:14,890
And now we can see that
we kind of start moving,

880
00:43:14,890 --> 00:43:17,090
but still it's very hard to control.

881
00:43:17,090 --> 00:43:19,390
And so even at 1,000 really--

882
00:43:19,390 --> 00:43:21,730
now we actually start getting moving.

883
00:43:21,730 --> 00:43:25,660
But if I'm, like, aiming
towards this, and then I

884
00:43:25,660 --> 00:43:27,730
start to turn my head like
I want to go that way,

885
00:43:27,730 --> 00:43:32,360
it takes a little bit for it
actually move in the direction

886
00:43:32,360 --> 00:43:33,830
that I'm tilting my head.

887
00:43:33,830 --> 00:43:35,570
So if you like that
sort of effect, where

888
00:43:35,570 --> 00:43:37,940
if I were to turn
directly around, I'd still

889
00:43:37,940 --> 00:43:41,070
be moving backwards a little bit-- and
then more like a slingshot or rubber

890
00:43:41,070 --> 00:43:44,260
band-- it kind of like,
start moving forwards again.

891
00:43:44,260 --> 00:43:46,880
Then you can keep it around
1,000 or 2,000 or so.

892
00:43:46,880 --> 00:43:49,640
I don't like that effect, and
so I just set it to be 10,000.

893
00:43:49,640 --> 00:43:52,490
And then whatever direction
I move, I look in--

894
00:43:52,490 --> 00:43:54,690
I pretty much move in that direction.

895
00:43:54,690 --> 00:43:56,330
So I happen to like it at that speed.

896
00:43:56,330 --> 00:43:59,930
And now we have something
that's got better physics.

897
00:43:59,930 --> 00:44:03,500
So I keep on talking about this
physics, but all we've really seen

898
00:44:03,500 --> 00:44:04,560
is bumping into things.

899
00:44:04,560 --> 00:44:08,180
So it's time for me to talk a little bit
more about colliders and how they work.

900
00:44:08,180 --> 00:44:11,110
So you'll notice that here
we've got a sphere collider.

901
00:44:11,110 --> 00:44:13,110
And this has a whole bunch
of different options.

902
00:44:13,110 --> 00:44:15,740
One of these being a physic material.

903
00:44:15,740 --> 00:44:19,670
So what physic materials do is
they determine how objects interact

904
00:44:19,670 --> 00:44:21,390
when they bump into each other.

905
00:44:21,390 --> 00:44:23,280
So let's create our
first physics material

906
00:44:23,280 --> 00:44:26,460
just to show what particular
options are available.

907
00:44:26,460 --> 00:44:31,540
I'm going to go back to my
assets, create a new folder,

908
00:44:31,540 --> 00:44:37,946
material, and then another
folder for physic materials.

909
00:44:37,946 --> 00:44:41,600


910
00:44:41,600 --> 00:44:46,080
And then inside of this folder we
can create a new physic material.

911
00:44:46,080 --> 00:44:49,010


912
00:44:49,010 --> 00:44:53,270
So we have options here for dynamic
friction, static friction, bounciness,

913
00:44:53,270 --> 00:44:55,370
and then how they combine them.

914
00:44:55,370 --> 00:44:57,560
So let's say one of my objects--

915
00:44:57,560 --> 00:44:59,750
like, the mountains are
super duper bouncy--

916
00:44:59,750 --> 00:45:01,880
and my player is not bouncy at all.

917
00:45:01,880 --> 00:45:05,060
How are you going to figure out when
they collide what's going to happen?

918
00:45:05,060 --> 00:45:06,150
So there are a couple of options.

919
00:45:06,150 --> 00:45:07,390
We can either average them.

920
00:45:07,390 --> 00:45:09,080
We can figure out the minimum of them.

921
00:45:09,080 --> 00:45:11,120
We can multiply them
together since they're both

922
00:45:11,120 --> 00:45:13,590
going to be values between 0 and 1.

923
00:45:13,590 --> 00:45:15,250
Or we can find the maximum of them.

924
00:45:15,250 --> 00:45:19,180
Here, I'm going to make this super duper
bouncy no matter what bounces into it.

925
00:45:19,180 --> 00:45:22,160
So we're going to set bounciness
to the maximum value of 1.

926
00:45:22,160 --> 00:45:25,670
And no matter what your object is
like, whenever you bounce into this,

927
00:45:25,670 --> 00:45:28,280
you're going to bounce off
of the bounciness of one.

928
00:45:28,280 --> 00:45:33,990
And I'm going to call this, bouncy,
because that's what it does.

929
00:45:33,990 --> 00:45:36,530
So now we have this
bouncy physic material.

930
00:45:36,530 --> 00:45:40,280
And I happen to find it funny
that mountains are generally

931
00:45:40,280 --> 00:45:41,150
not bouncy at all.

932
00:45:41,150 --> 00:45:44,090
But this is virtual reality,
so our mountains can be bouncy.

933
00:45:44,090 --> 00:45:48,080
So you'll notice that your mountains
already come with a terrain collider

934
00:45:48,080 --> 00:45:48,770
here.

935
00:45:48,770 --> 00:45:53,210
And this is what controls what happens
when things bump into the mountains.

936
00:45:53,210 --> 00:45:58,930
And so we can move our bouncy
over here to the material.

937
00:45:58,930 --> 00:46:01,810
And now our mountains will
become bouncy and we can actually

938
00:46:01,810 --> 00:46:04,955
run through and see what happens
when we run into mountains.

939
00:46:04,955 --> 00:46:08,680


940
00:46:08,680 --> 00:46:12,670
Oh, another thing to mention-- so
you'll see here we're moving slow again.

941
00:46:12,670 --> 00:46:16,540
If you change these values
while you're playing the game,

942
00:46:16,540 --> 00:46:19,380
they reset to the values that they
originally were when you started.

943
00:46:19,380 --> 00:46:21,880
So you'll notice that when I
first started that other thing,

944
00:46:21,880 --> 00:46:25,930
we started at 10, when I
actually wanted it to be 10,000.

945
00:46:25,930 --> 00:46:30,790
So I actually have to quit out of
the playing, edit it to 10,000,

946
00:46:30,790 --> 00:46:31,960
and then come back in.

947
00:46:31,960 --> 00:46:35,200
And now it will always default
to 10,000 when we come back in.

948
00:46:35,200 --> 00:46:37,450
So there we are moving around.

949
00:46:37,450 --> 00:46:40,990
And it's time to see what happens if
we run into one of these mountains.

950
00:46:40,990 --> 00:46:43,391
Will we bounce off?

951
00:46:43,391 --> 00:46:43,890
Boing!

952
00:46:43,890 --> 00:46:44,460
Boing!

953
00:46:44,460 --> 00:46:46,830
So you can see how now we
bounce in between mountains.

954
00:46:46,830 --> 00:46:48,810
And if you get inside
one of these pockets,

955
00:46:48,810 --> 00:46:52,030
you can kind of, like, bounce
back and forth and all around.

956
00:46:52,030 --> 00:46:57,029
But if we try to run into
the walls of the castle here,

957
00:46:57,029 --> 00:46:58,570
you'll notice we don't bounce at all.

958
00:46:58,570 --> 00:47:03,940
And that's because the physic collider
on the castle doesn't have any bounce.

959
00:47:03,940 --> 00:47:07,420
You'll also notice, and I
said earlier, that you'd

960
00:47:07,420 --> 00:47:11,620
see a better example of, like,
displaying things from one side better.

961
00:47:11,620 --> 00:47:15,430
So I talked about how this sphere
can only be displayed from one side

962
00:47:15,430 --> 00:47:16,480
overall.

963
00:47:16,480 --> 00:47:19,777
Here you'll notice that we can only
see one side of the castle wall.

964
00:47:19,777 --> 00:47:22,360
So if we're looking at it from
the outside, we see the castle.

965
00:47:22,360 --> 00:47:25,484
And if we're looking at it from the
inside, we don't see the castle at all.

966
00:47:25,484 --> 00:47:29,495
That's mostly because the person who
did this didn't use good practices when

967
00:47:29,495 --> 00:47:30,370
creating their model.

968
00:47:30,370 --> 00:47:34,900
So the fbx for this one only used these
things called planes on the outside

969
00:47:34,900 --> 00:47:35,890
instead of using cubes.

970
00:47:35,890 --> 00:47:38,377
So it only displays planes
from those one side.

971
00:47:38,377 --> 00:47:41,210
Cubes on the other hand, if you're
looking at them from the outside,

972
00:47:41,210 --> 00:47:43,880
it'll be visible from
all sides of the outside.

973
00:47:43,880 --> 00:47:47,410
So that's mainly an issue
with this fbx object.

974
00:47:47,410 --> 00:47:49,720
And I thought about maybe
choosing a different one.

975
00:47:49,720 --> 00:47:51,820
But I also thought, hey,
this is a great example

976
00:47:51,820 --> 00:47:56,830
of how to deal with issues that you
might encounter when creating VR.

977
00:47:56,830 --> 00:48:00,790
So another potential issue is because
they only display from one side,

978
00:48:00,790 --> 00:48:03,640
it also means their collider
only happens on one side, too.

979
00:48:03,640 --> 00:48:05,770
So you may be wondering
how it is that I'm actually

980
00:48:05,770 --> 00:48:08,436
running into something here when
there's nothing in front of me.

981
00:48:08,436 --> 00:48:12,317
Well, it turns out the value that
I chose for a ball of radius of 50

982
00:48:12,317 --> 00:48:15,400
makes it so that it's actually running
into those things at the top there.

983
00:48:15,400 --> 00:48:17,230
It's not running into any wall here.

984
00:48:17,230 --> 00:48:22,940
And if I adjust our player to
be, like, a size of 30 or so--

985
00:48:22,940 --> 00:48:26,850
you'll notice that, one, we start moving
faster because the ball's smaller.

986
00:48:26,850 --> 00:48:31,170
But also, if we try to run
through the wall on this side,

987
00:48:31,170 --> 00:48:32,810
we can actually fit through it.

988
00:48:32,810 --> 00:48:35,430
So it is actually running
through those things on the top.

989
00:48:35,430 --> 00:48:36,522
And if we run through--

990
00:48:36,522 --> 00:48:39,230
try to run through it on this
side, it does run through the wall.

991
00:48:39,230 --> 00:48:43,380
So you can do different
things like that.

992
00:48:43,380 --> 00:48:49,290
So changing the sphere to 50 was
a way to make it so, to the user,

993
00:48:49,290 --> 00:48:52,400
it feels like that's still a wall,
even though the wall isn't there

994
00:48:52,400 --> 00:48:55,670
just because the person did manage
to put some things up on the top

995
00:48:55,670 --> 00:48:57,876
where the ball could be
big enough to run into.

996
00:48:57,876 --> 00:48:59,750
So it's little tips and
tricks like that that

997
00:48:59,750 --> 00:49:03,000
will make your world feel
a lot better to your user,

998
00:49:03,000 --> 00:49:06,145
even though things might not actually
be working within your program.

999
00:49:06,145 --> 00:49:09,060


1000
00:49:09,060 --> 00:49:11,640
So another thing that colliders
can do that I didn't mention

1001
00:49:11,640 --> 00:49:13,820
is that they can act as triggers.

1002
00:49:13,820 --> 00:49:17,181
So in one of the apps that I
made, I wanted the ball to--

1003
00:49:17,181 --> 00:49:19,680
I wanted to have certain
checkpoints as you went through it.

1004
00:49:19,680 --> 00:49:26,310
And so colliders can focus on how
objects interact with each other

1005
00:49:26,310 --> 00:49:27,810
and how they bounce off and whatnot.

1006
00:49:27,810 --> 00:49:30,840
But they can also act as, like,
sensors and be completely,

1007
00:49:30,840 --> 00:49:32,309
non-physically interactive.

1008
00:49:32,309 --> 00:49:33,600
You can run right through them.

1009
00:49:33,600 --> 00:49:37,060
But as soon as you touch them,
they'll trigger in your code.

1010
00:49:37,060 --> 00:49:40,309
And so you can look up more on
how to use colliders as triggers

1011
00:49:40,309 --> 00:49:41,850
and then you can use them as sensors.

1012
00:49:41,850 --> 00:49:44,100
So, like, when my object
ran into a checkpoint,

1013
00:49:44,100 --> 00:49:47,430
the checkpoint was literally just
a cube, an invisible cube that

1014
00:49:47,430 --> 00:49:50,220
had a collider that was
a trigger on it, and when

1015
00:49:50,220 --> 00:49:52,080
the ball touched that
particular trigger,

1016
00:49:52,080 --> 00:49:54,996
it set off something that made it
so that that was the new checkpoint.

1017
00:49:54,996 --> 00:49:57,180
So that trigger button
does that and makes

1018
00:49:57,180 --> 00:50:00,180
it so that things won't bounce off
of it or physically interact with it.

1019
00:50:00,180 --> 00:50:02,702
But you can then access the
trigger within your code.

1020
00:50:02,702 --> 00:50:05,600


1021
00:50:05,600 --> 00:50:08,280
So now that we've actually
done through this--

1022
00:50:08,280 --> 00:50:09,680
gone through all of this--

1023
00:50:09,680 --> 00:50:11,960
our world is actually complete.

1024
00:50:11,960 --> 00:50:16,054
This is the final version that
we'll be using for this talk.

1025
00:50:16,054 --> 00:50:17,720
And so you can bounce off the mountains.

1026
00:50:17,720 --> 00:50:19,636
And feel free to adjust
this however you want.

1027
00:50:19,636 --> 00:50:22,670
Use different terrains, figure
out other cool new stuff

1028
00:50:22,670 --> 00:50:28,550
to add, use better fbx materials, and
add in cooler castles or other objects

1029
00:50:28,550 --> 00:50:31,130
that you find interesting, and
color things super duper cool,

1030
00:50:31,130 --> 00:50:32,907
and make better mountains.

1031
00:50:32,907 --> 00:50:35,240
So you can do a heck of a lot
of stuff with all of this.

1032
00:50:35,240 --> 00:50:38,540
And I think hopefully you'll enjoy
it and putting it on your phone.

1033
00:50:38,540 --> 00:50:40,940
So that's exactly what we're
going to try to do next,

1034
00:50:40,940 --> 00:50:43,430
is put this onto your phone.

1035
00:50:43,430 --> 00:50:47,750
So in Unity, there is an
option called Build Settings.

1036
00:50:47,750 --> 00:50:50,990
And this is how we go through
and put things onto your phone.

1037
00:50:50,990 --> 00:50:56,510
If you have Android, you're going to
want to use the Android platform here.

1038
00:50:56,510 --> 00:50:59,600
When you download Unity, there
should have been something like,

1039
00:50:59,600 --> 00:51:00,860
do you want to install iOS?

1040
00:51:00,860 --> 00:51:02,151
Do you want to install Android?

1041
00:51:02,151 --> 00:51:05,280
If you clicked on that
bit.ly link to VR Seminar

1042
00:51:05,280 --> 00:51:09,500
and mentioned that you have to select
which version of a phone you have.

1043
00:51:09,500 --> 00:51:13,070
So I did download the iOS
one when I downloaded Unity.

1044
00:51:13,070 --> 00:51:16,490
And so I can select Unity
here and say switch platform.

1045
00:51:16,490 --> 00:51:19,740
This takes a while and so I'm not
going to actually do that right now.

1046
00:51:19,740 --> 00:51:23,360
I'm going to go through and open up with
a different project that has already

1047
00:51:23,360 --> 00:51:26,240
been switched to iOS.

1048
00:51:26,240 --> 00:51:28,580
So I'm going to--

1049
00:51:28,580 --> 00:51:32,300
oh, a mention on saving, which I should
have been doing a lot through this--

1050
00:51:32,300 --> 00:51:36,320
but I've read online that saving
your scene also saves your projects.

1051
00:51:36,320 --> 00:51:39,650
I had a time when I was working
on this and I saved my scenes

1052
00:51:39,650 --> 00:51:43,636
and then accidentally did a folder
move and some of the objects or things

1053
00:51:43,636 --> 00:51:45,010
that I had created weren't there.

1054
00:51:45,010 --> 00:51:47,660
So I always saved the scene
and saved the project.

1055
00:51:47,660 --> 00:51:50,010
Saving the project does
not save your scene at all,

1056
00:51:50,010 --> 00:51:52,460
because there are some things that you
may want to change your project that

1057
00:51:52,460 --> 00:51:53,418
don't affect the scene.

1058
00:51:53,418 --> 00:51:55,570
And so saving your scene
should save your project,

1059
00:51:55,570 --> 00:51:56,820
but I've had issues with that.

1060
00:51:56,820 --> 00:51:59,500
So I always do save
scene and save project.

1061
00:51:59,500 --> 00:52:02,390
Where I always just
save my scenes as Main,

1062
00:52:02,390 --> 00:52:06,250
and then they show up
here as a scene, and then

1063
00:52:06,250 --> 00:52:09,020
sticking with what I've done before--

1064
00:52:09,020 --> 00:52:13,130
calling this scenes-- and then
putting Main as a scene in there.

1065
00:52:13,130 --> 00:52:15,740
So that also means that if
you make a new Unity Project,

1066
00:52:15,740 --> 00:52:19,340
and you want to use the
same scene in that project,

1067
00:52:19,340 --> 00:52:23,090
you can just drag the scene
inside of your folder file system

1068
00:52:23,090 --> 00:52:25,430
for your computer, drag the
scene into the new assets

1069
00:52:25,430 --> 00:52:30,320
folder for that new project, and
boom, the scene will be in there.

1070
00:52:30,320 --> 00:52:33,710
All right, so let's open up that
project now and save this one.

1071
00:52:33,710 --> 00:52:40,632
So Save Project and Save Scenes
and we can open up this new one.

1072
00:52:40,632 --> 00:52:41,598
Open project.

1073
00:52:41,598 --> 00:52:46,920


1074
00:52:46,920 --> 00:52:51,240
All right, so I'll open up this.

1075
00:52:51,240 --> 00:52:54,100
And inside, see it-- it says 50 Seminar.

1076
00:52:54,100 --> 00:53:03,040


1077
00:53:03,040 --> 00:53:06,860
All right, which one do I want?

1078
00:53:06,860 --> 00:53:07,870
I want the CS50.

1079
00:53:07,870 --> 00:53:11,575


1080
00:53:11,575 --> 00:53:14,140
Ah, it's under Practice [INAUDIBLE].

1081
00:53:14,140 --> 00:53:16,750
So this is the second test.

1082
00:53:16,750 --> 00:53:19,510
And this is the world that
I had built before this.

1083
00:53:19,510 --> 00:53:22,325
You'll see that Unity is restarting
and building up this new world.

1084
00:53:22,325 --> 00:53:24,700
And this is one that I've
already uploaded onto my phone.

1085
00:53:24,700 --> 00:53:32,480


1086
00:53:32,480 --> 00:53:34,790
So you'll see it looks
very similar to the one

1087
00:53:34,790 --> 00:53:37,200
that we just built except for this one.

1088
00:53:37,200 --> 00:53:39,200
You'll notice that
everything is dark right now.

1089
00:53:39,200 --> 00:53:41,780
Unity takes a little bit
to calculate the light

1090
00:53:41,780 --> 00:53:43,780
and how the light should
reflect off of objects.

1091
00:53:43,780 --> 00:53:47,480
So that's what just happened there-- is
it finally figured out how to calculate

1092
00:53:47,480 --> 00:53:49,370
how the light bounces off of objects.

1093
00:53:49,370 --> 00:53:51,350
And that's one of the
other big things that you

1094
00:53:51,350 --> 00:53:53,350
might run into if you
make your terrain too big,

1095
00:53:53,350 --> 00:53:55,350
is that it just can't
calculate the light.

1096
00:53:55,350 --> 00:53:57,440
So if we go into to Build Settings--

1097
00:53:57,440 --> 00:53:59,240
here you'll see that
it's already on iOS.

1098
00:53:59,240 --> 00:54:01,590
So now we can look at player settings.

1099
00:54:01,590 --> 00:54:05,180
Here, if you're an iOS developer, you're
going to want to put your company name.

1100
00:54:05,180 --> 00:54:08,669
I'm not-- I just have, like, the
free version of iOS developing,

1101
00:54:08,669 --> 00:54:11,210
so you can really choose whatever
you want to be your company

1102
00:54:11,210 --> 00:54:12,860
name-- your project name.

1103
00:54:12,860 --> 00:54:15,770
And then you're also going to
want to go to Other Settings

1104
00:54:15,770 --> 00:54:19,880
and copy whatever you
have there in to here.

1105
00:54:19,880 --> 00:54:22,700
It really doesn't matter whether
or not they match all that much.

1106
00:54:22,700 --> 00:54:24,770
You can choose pretty
much whatever you want.

1107
00:54:24,770 --> 00:54:27,680
And I think it works better
if you copy one to the other,

1108
00:54:27,680 --> 00:54:31,890
and it might be necessary, but
really, any value should work.

1109
00:54:31,890 --> 00:54:38,360
On these, you can change your
version and whatnot if you want that.

1110
00:54:38,360 --> 00:54:41,450
This virtual reality supported button--

1111
00:54:41,450 --> 00:54:42,930
do not check it.

1112
00:54:42,930 --> 00:54:45,281
This is for the new
versions of virtual reality.

1113
00:54:45,281 --> 00:54:47,030
And you'll see that
you can add Cardboard.

1114
00:54:47,030 --> 00:54:48,260
You don't want to do that.

1115
00:54:48,260 --> 00:54:49,370
Leave it unchecked.

1116
00:54:49,370 --> 00:54:51,890
For this version of virtual
reality, all of these settings

1117
00:54:51,890 --> 00:54:56,910
are inside Cardboard Main and it will
make it a virtual reality for you.

1118
00:54:56,910 --> 00:54:59,620
So leave that button unchecked for sure.

1119
00:54:59,620 --> 00:55:01,710
In your resolution and
presentation, you're

1120
00:55:01,710 --> 00:55:05,040
going to want to make sure
it's listed as Landscape Left.

1121
00:55:05,040 --> 00:55:07,050
And then all of the
defaults for everything else

1122
00:55:07,050 --> 00:55:09,544
should work pretty much as expected.

1123
00:55:09,544 --> 00:55:13,280


1124
00:55:13,280 --> 00:55:17,970
Another thing to mention is there
are particular icons that you

1125
00:55:17,970 --> 00:55:20,290
can add here and override them.

1126
00:55:20,290 --> 00:55:24,870
Or if you just want to use the general
icon, you can put in any PNG file right

1127
00:55:24,870 --> 00:55:26,550
here as the icon for your app.

1128
00:55:26,550 --> 00:55:28,230
I'm not going to make one here.

1129
00:55:28,230 --> 00:55:29,160
It's totally fine.

1130
00:55:29,160 --> 00:55:32,400
It will make like a little symbol for
you that looks like the Unity symbol.

1131
00:55:32,400 --> 00:55:34,830
It's kind of cool.

1132
00:55:34,830 --> 00:55:36,810
Anything else I need to do here?

1133
00:55:36,810 --> 00:55:39,690
Nope, so this is all
you need to do in Unity

1134
00:55:39,690 --> 00:55:41,440
and then you can click the Build button.

1135
00:55:41,440 --> 00:55:44,340
Again, this takes a fairly
long time, and so I'm

1136
00:55:44,340 --> 00:55:47,640
going to pull up the one that
I've already built for this.

1137
00:55:47,640 --> 00:55:49,320
Now it's time to start using Xcode.

1138
00:55:49,320 --> 00:55:53,280
So Unity, when you build stuff, it will
build it for that particular platform.

1139
00:55:53,280 --> 00:55:55,740
So you'll notice that we
chose iOS as the platform.

1140
00:55:55,740 --> 00:55:59,550
So iOS is openable in Xcode.

1141
00:55:59,550 --> 00:56:04,080
So you're going to go
and open and find it.

1142
00:56:04,080 --> 00:56:08,280
So you'll notice that I
had it in the CS50 Seminar.

1143
00:56:08,280 --> 00:56:12,150
When you choose to build your project,
it will open up and say, like, here's

1144
00:56:12,150 --> 00:56:12,720
a new folder.

1145
00:56:12,720 --> 00:56:13,440
Where do you want to put it?

1146
00:56:13,440 --> 00:56:16,230
Just name that folder and then
save it wherever it tells you to.

1147
00:56:16,230 --> 00:56:18,510
Or if you want to put it in
a different spot, you can.

1148
00:56:18,510 --> 00:56:22,410
I like putting mine underneath
the objects underneath the folder.

1149
00:56:22,410 --> 00:56:25,590
So see here-- practice
for CS50 Seminar--

1150
00:56:25,590 --> 00:56:29,700
if I go into the folder for that, I
have all of these different versions

1151
00:56:29,700 --> 00:56:31,080
that I've actually built.

1152
00:56:31,080 --> 00:56:34,110
Second test 3 is the latest
version that I've built

1153
00:56:34,110 --> 00:56:36,540
and so I'm going to open the folder.

1154
00:56:36,540 --> 00:56:40,230
If you look inside of this folder,
there is an Xcode project inside of it.

1155
00:56:40,230 --> 00:56:42,330
You don't want to open that project.

1156
00:56:42,330 --> 00:56:44,462
If you do this on the
newer versions of the SDK,

1157
00:56:44,462 --> 00:56:46,170
it will give you some
really weird errors

1158
00:56:46,170 --> 00:56:48,790
that are super hard to
figure out what's going on.

1159
00:56:48,790 --> 00:56:52,830
The trick is to open up the folder
and not the project inside of it.

1160
00:56:52,830 --> 00:56:57,150
And so open up this second test three
folder-- or for you it will be, like,

1161
00:56:57,150 --> 00:56:59,970
CS50 Project.

1162
00:56:59,970 --> 00:57:02,530
And inside of that, there
should be another one

1163
00:57:02,530 --> 00:57:07,220
that's the name that you put
in when you built the project.

1164
00:57:07,220 --> 00:57:10,930
So here, for you guys, it will probably
show up just with the Unity iPhone

1165
00:57:10,930 --> 00:57:11,590
here.

1166
00:57:11,590 --> 00:57:14,772
You can click on it and it should
pop up with this General tab.

1167
00:57:14,772 --> 00:57:17,230
It will show a little error
here because you'll have nobody

1168
00:57:17,230 --> 00:57:19,360
selected for your development team.

1169
00:57:19,360 --> 00:57:21,250
And then you can just choose yourself.

1170
00:57:21,250 --> 00:57:25,540
And it will manage with
all these profiles.

1171
00:57:25,540 --> 00:57:27,970
Another thing you have to
fix in here is that they

1172
00:57:27,970 --> 00:57:30,090
didn't add in the security framework.

1173
00:57:30,090 --> 00:57:33,520
And so you have to scroll down to
Linked Frameworks and Libraries,

1174
00:57:33,520 --> 00:57:36,500
add in the security framework.

1175
00:57:36,500 --> 00:57:37,520
And then fix that.

1176
00:57:37,520 --> 00:57:41,370
You'll see that I had already added
it in, so it's just added in again.

1177
00:57:41,370 --> 00:57:44,360
And again, another odd
thing is in Build Settings,

1178
00:57:44,360 --> 00:57:48,720
you should scroll down until you find
something called Enable Bit Code.

1179
00:57:48,720 --> 00:57:53,030
You want to make sure that
that bit code is disabled.

1180
00:57:53,030 --> 00:57:55,640
Unfortunately, this makes it
so that any virtual reality

1181
00:57:55,640 --> 00:57:59,570
app you make can't be uploaded
online to the App Store.

1182
00:57:59,570 --> 00:58:02,720
I'm not exactly sure of any
workarounds for this currently.

1183
00:58:02,720 --> 00:58:04,610
And so if you find any
through your searches,

1184
00:58:04,610 --> 00:58:07,610
please let me know and let other
people who are developers know.

1185
00:58:07,610 --> 00:58:09,890
Because I've done a
lot of research on this

1186
00:58:09,890 --> 00:58:13,670
and haven't figured out any way
to get around the errors that--

1187
00:58:13,670 --> 00:58:16,850
having bit code enabled creates errors,
and the only way to get around them

1188
00:58:16,850 --> 00:58:18,359
so far has been to disable bit code.

1189
00:58:18,359 --> 00:58:20,900
But when you do that, you can't
upload apps to the App Store.

1190
00:58:20,900 --> 00:58:23,170
So if you find a way around
that, that would be great.

1191
00:58:23,170 --> 00:58:25,050
Please let me know.

1192
00:58:25,050 --> 00:58:27,900
But for now, we're just
going to disable that.

1193
00:58:27,900 --> 00:58:31,319
And then everything should
be up and ready to go.

1194
00:58:31,319 --> 00:58:33,110
And so you plug-in your
phone and make sure

1195
00:58:33,110 --> 00:58:35,750
it's unlocked so it
can actually run on it.

1196
00:58:35,750 --> 00:58:38,240
And then hit Run and it
will upload to your phone.

1197
00:58:38,240 --> 00:58:40,550
So this will actually
take a lot longer for you

1198
00:58:40,550 --> 00:58:46,460
guys because it will have to run through
and actually create the entire project

1199
00:58:46,460 --> 00:58:48,320
and compile it and run on your phone.

1200
00:58:48,320 --> 00:58:51,116
But then once you're done,
you can see that it started

1201
00:58:51,116 --> 00:58:52,490
running on my phone a little bit.

1202
00:58:52,490 --> 00:58:55,550
I'm not exactly sure how easily
the cameras picked this up.

1203
00:58:55,550 --> 00:58:56,990
But you have your phone here.

1204
00:58:56,990 --> 00:59:01,270
You can unpack whatever Google
Cardboard you've gotten.

1205
00:59:01,270 --> 00:59:03,850
This one happens to
come in a box like this.

1206
00:59:03,850 --> 00:59:05,170
It has a silly face on front.

1207
00:59:05,170 --> 00:59:08,410
I actually used this for my
Harvard interview and it was great.

1208
00:59:08,410 --> 00:59:13,030
And it made me a lot more comfortable
to see my supposedly scary Harvard

1209
00:59:13,030 --> 00:59:16,280
interviewer put this on and look
like this and is looking around.

1210
00:59:16,280 --> 00:59:19,660
So thank you, interviewer, for
helping me feel a little bit more

1211
00:59:19,660 --> 00:59:21,130
comfortable during the interview.

1212
00:59:21,130 --> 00:59:26,380
So you put this on and you put
your phone inside of it like this.

1213
00:59:26,380 --> 00:59:30,500
And then if you look
around, you should be

1214
00:59:30,500 --> 00:59:33,300
able to see around inside of your world.

1215
00:59:33,300 --> 00:59:36,320
And that will be your
virtual reality application.

1216
00:59:36,320 --> 00:59:38,750
Do make sure that when
you're exporting--

1217
00:59:38,750 --> 00:59:44,090
I know that for displaying,
we mentioned that this--

1218
00:59:44,090 --> 00:59:45,260
where was it--

1219
00:59:45,260 --> 00:59:48,800
VR Mode Enabled should be unchecked
so that you can see things easily

1220
00:59:48,800 --> 00:59:51,020
inside this display.

1221
00:59:51,020 --> 00:59:54,230
You do want to have that checked when
you export it, or else, what you'll get

1222
00:59:54,230 --> 00:59:57,188
is a version that doesn't use Google
Cardboard where you should just be

1223
00:59:57,188 --> 00:59:59,150
looking like this around in your world.

1224
00:59:59,150 --> 01:00:02,080


1225
01:00:02,080 --> 01:00:07,790
So that brings us to the
end of my presentation.

1226
01:00:07,790 --> 01:00:10,840
There are a couple extra things
that you can fool around with.

1227
01:00:10,840 --> 01:00:12,420
Google gives you the option--

1228
01:00:12,420 --> 01:00:15,150
there's like an alignment
marker, a settings button,

1229
01:00:15,150 --> 01:00:19,300
a Back button that show up on the app
here that you can toggle around with.

1230
01:00:19,300 --> 01:00:21,610
I hope you guys explore
more with Unity and are

1231
01:00:21,610 --> 01:00:24,820
able to find out how to add
in things like trees and wind

1232
01:00:24,820 --> 01:00:28,390
and fool around with all the cool
options that Unity has to offer.

1233
01:00:28,390 --> 01:00:31,270
You can also fool around with,
like, sounds and getting things,

1234
01:00:31,270 --> 01:00:33,990
like, the running water
on those fountains

1235
01:00:33,990 --> 01:00:36,490
there-- and getting it to make
it so that as you get closer,

1236
01:00:36,490 --> 01:00:38,800
it sounds more and more like the
fountain's actually running and just

1237
01:00:38,800 --> 01:00:41,710
doing a whole bunch of cool worlds
and making them, and encouraging

1238
01:00:41,710 --> 01:00:43,168
your friends to make them, as well.

1239
01:00:43,168 --> 01:00:44,240
So thank you so much.

1240
01:00:44,240 --> 01:00:46,780
And this is the CS50 Seminar.

1241
01:00:46,780 --> 01:00:48,806