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[Powered by Google Translate] [Semina] [JavaScript Mfumo: Kwa nini na jinsi]

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[Kevin Schmid] [Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]

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[Hii ni CS50.] [CS50.TV]

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>> Hi, kila mtu. Karibu katika semina JavaScript Mfumo.

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Jina langu ni Kevin, na leo mimi naenda kuwa kuzungumza kuhusu mifumo JavaScript,

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na lengo la semina hii si kupata wewe, kusema, bwana mfumo fulani per se

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lakini kukupa utangulizi mpana kwa wanandoa wa mifumo ya

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na kuonyesha kwa nini sisi ingekuwa milele wanataka kutumia mfumo.

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>> Kabla ya mimi kufanya hivyo, mimi itabidi kutoa background kidogo katika JavaScript,

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na kisha tutaweza kuchukua kutoka huko.

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Sisi ni kwenda kuanza kwa kutekeleza orodha-do.

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Hapa ni kazi yetu orodha kwa leo.

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Ni aina ya funny. Tuna orodha ya kutekeleza kwa-nini katika JavaScript.

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Hii ni nini ni kwenda kuangalia kama, hivyo kwamba ni lengo letu kwanza.

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Sisi siyo kwenda kutumia mfumo wa kufanya hivyo.

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Tunakwenda kanuni JavaScript na kupata orodha kwa-nini kazi.

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Basi sisi ni kwenda kuboresha kubuni bila kutumia mfumo.

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Sisi ni kwenda kujadili mambo mbalimbali tunaweza kufanya na tu JavaScript peke yake

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kufanya yetu kwa-nini kuorodhesha zaidi kidogo pamoja iliyoundwa.

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Basi sisi ni kwenda kutupa katika jQuery baadhi,

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na kisha sisi ni kwenda kuangalia hiyo orodha ya,

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tu kutekelezwa katika mifumo tofauti, na tutaweza kujadili

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 faida na hasara njiani.

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>> Hebu kuanza kutekeleza kwamba orodha ya.

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Hebu sema sisi ni kupewa hii HTML.

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Mimi nina kwenda kufanya hii kidogo kidogo.

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Kama unaweza kuona, nina header kidogo kwamba anasema Todo

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na sanduku kidogo ambapo siwezi kuingia maelezo ya todo

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na kisha mwezi bidhaa kifungo, hivyo hebu kujaribu kuingia todo mpya kwenye orodha hii.

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Kutoa mifumo JavaScript semina,

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na mimi nina kuikumba bidhaa mpya.

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Mimi kupata hii tahadhari JavaScript kwamba anasema kutekeleza yangu.

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Sisi tumepewa ili kutekeleza.

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Hebu angalia kanuni kwa ajili ya hii, wote HTML na JavaScript.

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Hapa ni HTML yetu.

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Kama unaweza kuona hapa, hapa Todos yetu kidogo header.

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Hiyo ilikuwa ni kwamba jambo ujasiri saa ya juu,

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na kisha sisi kuwa na sanduku pembejeo na placeholder,

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na kisha kuna sifa fulani ya kifungo hii kwamba wito huu addTodo kazi.

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Je, mtu yeyote unataka nadhani nini kwamba juu ya click ni akionyesha?

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[Mwanafunzi Inaudible majibu]

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Nzuri, bonyeza ni aina ya kama tukio,

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kama kubonyeza mouse ni tukio, na nini sisi ni kufanya

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ni sisi ni tukio zililingana ya kubonyeza kifungo hii na nitafanya kwamba kazi.

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AddTodo ni hii handler tukio kwa kubonyeza kwamba kifungo.

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>> Kama unaweza kuona, wakati mimi bonyeza mpya ya bidhaa kifungo

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juu ya tukio click anapata fired, na kazi hii anapata kuitwa.

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Hebu tuangalie kazi.

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Kama unaweza kuona, hapa JavaScript yangu code hadi sasa.

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Nini nina saa ya juu ni ya kimataifa data muundo kwa orodha yangu kwa-nini.

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Inaonekana kama safu. Ni tu safu tupu.

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Na kisha mimi kuwa na kazi addTodo kuwa tuliona mapema,

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na mstari wa kanuni katika tu kuna tahadhari hii.

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Ni alerts kutekeleza yangu, na kisha nina 2 kazi katika mkono.

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Mimi kuwa na kuongeza todo na muundo wa kimataifa kwamba data,

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na kisha Mimi nataka kuteka nje ya orodha ya kwa-do.

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Hakuna pia dhana tu bado, lakini JavaScript wewe wanaweza wasijue,

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hivyo mimi nina kwenda polepole na tathmini ya misingi ya JavaScript katika njia hiyo.

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>> Hebu kutoa hii risasi.

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Hebu sema mtumiaji inaingia kitu katika sanduku hili.

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Mimi tu typed kitu hapa, maandishi.

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Jinsi gani mimi aina ya upatikanaji kwamba maandishi kupitia JavaScript?

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Kumbuka kwamba JavaScript, moja ya makala yake ya msingi ni kwamba inatupa

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hii upatikanaji wa programu ya DOM.

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Inaruhusu sisi kupata mambo na mali zao ya HTML hii halisi.

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njia ya sisi kufanya hivyo kwa wazi mifupa JavaScript

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ni tunaweza kweli kutumia kazi katika JavaScript kuitwa getElementByID.

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Nataka kuhifadhi maandishi kwamba ni typed huko katika variable fulani,

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hivyo mimi nina kwenda kusema kutofautiana mpya iitwayo new_todo,

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na mimi nina kwenda kupata kwamba kipengele.

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Hii ni kazi, getElementByID..

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Na sasa nina kupata kipengele na ID, hivyo nahitaji ID ya sanduku kwamba maandishi,

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hivyo nimekuwa wakapewa new_todo_description ID.

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Hayo ni jinsi mimi naenda kupata kipengele.

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Hiyo ni hoja yangu kwa kazi hii, kwa kutaja ID kupata.

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Na hivyo kwamba ni kipengele katika HTML, na ina mali.

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Wameweza kuona haya. Wao ni sifa.

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sifa ya kipengele Nakala kwamba maduka ya pembejeo mtumiaji inaitwa thamani.

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Mimi kuokolewa thamani ya sanduku kwamba Nakala sasa katika hii variable kuitwa new_todo.

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Sasa mimi na upatikanaji wa programu ya kutofautiana hii, ambayo ni aina ya baridi

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kwa sababu sasa nini siwezi kufanya ni naweza kuongeza kwa orodha yangu kwa-nini.

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>> njia tunataka kufanya hii katika JavaScript-na si wasiwasi kama wewe usio wa kawaida na hii,

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lakini tu kwenda kwa njia hiyo ni todos.push

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kwa sababu hiyo jina ya muundo wangu kimataifa data hapa,

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na mimi nina kwenda kushinikiza new_todo.

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Hii ni kubwa kwa sababu sasa mimi na aliongeza kwa JavaScript yangu

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uwakilishi wa kwamba orodha ya.

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Lakini sasa jinsi gani mimi kupata nyuma ya HTML?

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Nina kutafuta njia ya kutatua ya kushinikiza nyuma.

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Kwa maneno mengine, mimi aina ya kuwa na kuteka hii.

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Nini tunakwenda kufanya ni tunakwenda kuteka orodha kwa-nini.

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Mimi haja ya update HTML nyingine kwenye ukurasa kwamba,

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na kama unaweza kuona, nimekuwa kushoto hii chombo kidogo hapa,

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hii msuluhishi wa ukurasa ambao ID ni todos,

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na mimi naenda kuweka orodha kwa-nini huko.

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Kwanza mimi nina kwenda kwa wazi ni nje kwa sababu, kusema, kulikuwa zamani orodha ya huko.

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Nina kupata kwamba kipengele na ID tena,

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na mimi nina kupata HTML ndani ya kipengele kwamba,

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na mimi nina kwenda kwa wazi kwamba.

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Kama sisi kushoto kanuni hii kama ni, tunatarajia kuona kitu tupu huko,

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na sasa mimi nataka kuanza kumtolea kwa-nini yangu mpya orodha.

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Mimi kimsingi kwenda kuifuta nje wangu orodha ya.

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>> Sasa ndani HTML ndani ya kwamba div todos ni wazi kabisa,

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na sasa mimi haja ya kuanza kuongeza orodha yangu.

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Jambo la kwanza mimi unataka kuongeza nyuma ni unordered orodha tag,

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ambayo kimsingi inaashiria kwamba huu ni mwanzo wa orodha ya unordered.

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Sasa kwa ajili ya kila kipengele katika safu yangu todos Nataka magazeti ya nje ndani ya HTML kwamba.

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Nataka append juu hadi chini ya orodha hii.

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Tu kama katika C, naweza kutumia kwa kitanzi, na mimi nina kwenda kuanza mwanzoni mwa orodha yangu

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katika kipengele 0, na mimi nina kwenda njia yote ya urefu wa orodha.

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Tunaweza kweli kupata urefu wa safu katika JavaScript kutumia mali urefu.

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Kimsingi mimi naenda kufanya kitu sawa sana ndani ya hapa

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magazeti nje kwamba kipengele.

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Siwezi tena kupata div todos, ndani ya HTML mali ya kwamba,

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na mimi nina kwenda kuongeza juu ya bidhaa hii mpya orodha, na kwamba kinaendelea kuwa amezungukwa na

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hii tag li, na mimi nina kwenda concatenate na operator +,

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na kwamba ni kipengele idh ya safu yangu todos,

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na kisha Mimi naenda kuifunga kwamba tag.

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Sasa kwa ajili ya kipengele kila tutaweza kuongeza orodha mpya kuingia.

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Na kisha wote sisi kwa kweli wanahitaji kufanya ni karibu mbali kwamba tag.

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Mimi tu haja ya karibu mbali kwamba unordered orodha tag.

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>> Je, kupata kujisikia kwa jinsi matendo?

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Hii kufungua orodha nzima.

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Hii inaongeza mambo ya mtu binafsi kutoka orodha todos kwa orodha,

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na kisha kwamba kufunga orodha nzima, na hii ni kazi yangu addTodo.

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Mimi kimsingi kuanza kwa kupata todo kutoka sanduku maandishi.

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Mimi kuongeza kwamba kwa safu todos, na kisha mimi re-atatoa orodha kwa-nini.

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Sasa naweza kuongeza vitu na orodha yangu.

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Hii ni aina ya kusisimua kwa sababu katika mistari michache tu ya maadili ya

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tumekuwa kimsingi alifanya orodha kwa-nini ambapo tunaweza kuongeza vitu.

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Kubwa.

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Hiyo ni aina ya kuanzishwa kwa msingi kwa JavaScript.

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Msiwe na wasiwasi sana kuhusu syntax kwa sasa,

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lakini kufikiri juu ya hili conceptually.

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Tulikuwa na baadhi ya HTML.

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Sisi alikuwa na sanduku Nakala juu ya ukurasa kwamba kimsingi kuruhusiwa watumiaji pembejeo bidhaa kwa-nini kuongeza.

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Na kisha sisi kutumika JavaScript kuchota kwamba todo kutoka sanduku kwamba maandishi.

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Sisi kuhifadhiwa kuwa, ndani ya safu JavaScript, ambayo kimsingi ni kama

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uwakilishi wetu programu ya kwamba orodha ya,

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na kisha sisi kuchapishwa nje.

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Hii ni todos.js.

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>> Hii ni aina ya baridi, lakini ni jinsi gani tunaweza kuchukua hii zaidi?

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Naam, kama unaweza kuona, hii si kama kamili orodha ya.

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Kwa mfano, siwezi alama yoyote ya vitu hivi kama hayajakamilika,

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kama kama nilitaka reprioritize vitu au kufuta vitu.

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Hii ni sawa, lakini tunaweza kuchukua hii zaidi.

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Mimi si kwenda kuzungumza sana kuhusu kuongeza makala za ziada,

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lakini tunaweza kuchukua zaidi.

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Hebu majadiliano kuhusu kuongeza moja zaidi kipengele hii orodha ya,

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ambayo ni kwenda kuwa na uwezo wa kuangalia mtu binafsi-kufanya bidhaa

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na kuwa ni kuwa shilingi nje, hivyo kimsingi akisema mimi tumefanya hii.

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Hebu tuangalie baadhi ya kanuni ambayo inaweza kukamilisha hilo.

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Taarifa ya nini nimekuwa kufanyika kwa juu ni nimekuwa aliongeza

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mpya safu ya kimataifa aitwaye kamili.

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Mimi kimsingi kwa kutumia hii ya kuhifadhi kama vitu kwenye orodha-do

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ni kamili au la.

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Hii ni njia moja ya kufanya hili.

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Kama mimi kuangalia utekelezaji wa hii, kuonyesha,

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kimsingi kama mimi kuingia todo na mimi vyombo vya habari hii kifungo kugeuza

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misalaba nje, hivyo kila bidhaa kwenye orodha hii ina aidha kamili

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au pungufu ya serikali, na mimi nina kutumia mwingine safu ya kuwakilisha kwamba.

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>> Kimsingi kwa ajili ya kila todo katika safu kwamba todos

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kuna kipengele katika safu kamili kwamba kimsingi inaonyesha

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kama kwamba ni kamili au la.

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Nimepata kufanya mabadiliko pretty ndogo na kanuni hii,

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hivyo hapa ni kazi yetu addTodo.

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Taarifa kwamba hapa mimi nina kusukuma ni kwenye safu,

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na basi mimi nina kusukuma 0 kwa safu kwamba kamili,

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kimsingi katika sambamba na msukumo huo mpya todo kusema

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Mimi kuongeza bidhaa hii, na ni pamoja na thamani hii,

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ambayo ina maana kwamba ni pungufu.

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Na basi mimi nina redrawing orodha-do.

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Sasa, taarifa nimekuwa aliongeza kazi huu drawTodoList.

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Hii inachukua mengi ya maadili tulikuwa kabla,

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kimsingi clears nje ya sanduku na kisha huchota mpya orodha ya.

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Lakini taarifa kwamba ndani ya hii kwa kitanzi sisi ni kufanya kidogo zaidi sasa.

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Sisi ni kimsingi kuangalia kama bidhaa sambamba na todo idh hapa

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ni kamili, na sisi ni tabia tofauti katika mazingira haya 2.

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Kama ni kamili, sisi ni kuongeza hii tag del,

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ambayo kimsingi ni njia unaweza kupata kwamba mgomo kupitia athari

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kuvuka nje ya orodha ya kwa-nini kama ni kamili,

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na kama siyo, sisi siyo ikiwa ni pamoja na yake.

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Na hivyo kuwa aina ya huduma inachukua kwamba,

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>> na kwamba ni moja ya njia ya kukamilisha hii.

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Na kisha taarifa wakati mtumiaji Clicks moja ya hizi

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sisi kugeuza hali ya kukamilisha hilo.

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Wakati Clicks mtumiaji, tutaweza kubadili kama ni imekamilika au la,

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na kisha tutaweza redraw yake.

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Aina hii ya kazi.

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Tuna kazi hizi kwamba kufanya kazi zao wenyewe,

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na hii ni sawa.

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Je, kuna kitu tunaweza kufanya vizuri zaidi kuhusu hili, ingawa?

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Tuna taarifa hizi 2 arrays kimataifa.

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Kama hii C alikuwa, na tulikuwa na arrays 2 kwamba aina ya kuwakilishwa

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data kwamba ilikuwa aina ya kuhusiana katika baadhi ya njia

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gani sisi kutumia katika C kwa kuchanganya na mashamba hayo 2

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katika kitu ambacho encapsulates vipande wote wa habari?

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Mtu yeyote unataka kufanya maoni?

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[Mwanafunzi Inaudible majibu]

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>> Hasa, hivyo tunaweza kutumia aina fulani ya struct,

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na kama unadhani nyuma, kusema, pset 3,

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kumbuka tulikuwa na kamusi, na kisha tulikuwa kama neno

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alikuwa katika kamusi, na kwamba taarifa zote ilikuwa kuweka pamoja

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ndani ya baadhi ya muundo wa data.

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Jambo moja siwezi kufanya na kanuni hii ili kuepuka kuwa hizi 2 arrays tofauti

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kwa vipande sawa wa habari ni naweza kuchanganya yao katika kitu JavaScript.

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Hebu tuangalie kwamba.

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Taarifa mimi moja tu safu ya juu sasa

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na kile nimekuwa kufanyika ni-na hii ni syntax JavaScript kwa aina ya

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kujenga toleo halisi ya kitu,

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na taarifa kuna 2 mali, hivyo tuna todo,

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na ni agizo pamoja na kama ni kamili au pungufu.

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Hii ni sawa kanuni.

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Sisi ni kutumia vitu JavaScript.

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Aina hii ya mambo unaboreshwa.

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Kama ilivyo sasa, haya mashamba yote ya habari kuhusiana ni agizo pamoja.

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Wakati sisi kwenda magazeti ya nje, tunaweza kupata mashamba.

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>> Taarifa jinsi sisi ni kufanya todos [i] kamili.

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badala ya kuangalia kukamilisha safu tofauti,

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na taarifa wakati tunataka kupata kamba kwa-nini sisi ni kupata mali kwa-nini

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ya kwamba todo, hivyo aina hii ya mantiki kwa sababu

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kila kitu ina mali hizi halisi kuhusu hilo.

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Ina todo, na ina kama ni kamili au la.

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Si pia kuna mabadiliko mengi ya functionally, aliongeza tu baadhi ya zaidi ya kanuni.

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Haya ni maendeleo katika baadhi ya maeneo, haki?

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I mean, sisi zitawekwa nje kubuni kidogo.

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Sasa tuna vitu kimsingi kurejelea data hii.

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Je, kuna kitu zaidi tunaweza kufanya kutoka hapa katika suala la JavaScript?

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Kama taarifa kwamba hii kanuni ya haki hapa

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kwa ajili ya kupata HTML ndani wa div

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ni kidogo, mimi nadhani, kwa muda mrefu.

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Kuna document.getElementByID ("todos") innerHTML..

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Jambo moja tunaweza kufanya ili kufanya kanuni hii kuangalia kidogo friendlier

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hivyo napenda kuwa na kushika scrolling kushoto na kulia, na kurudi,

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ni mimi naweza kutumia maktaba kama jQuery.

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>> Hebu angalia Semina ya 2,

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na hii ni kanuni moja, lakini ni kosa na jQuery.

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Unaweza kuwa pia ukoo na jQuery,

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lakini tu kujua kwamba jQuery ni aina ya maktaba kwa ajili ya JavaScript

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ambayo inafanya kuwa rahisi kufanya mambo kama mambo ya mtu binafsi ya upatikanaji wa DOM.

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Hapa badala ya kusema document.getElementByID ("todos"). InnerHTML

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Naweza kutumia njia safi zaidi katika jQuery,

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ambayo ni haki ya kutumia selectors.

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Kama unaweza kuona, kanuni hii alifanya kupata safi kidogo,

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sawa sana functionally, lakini hiyo ni wazo.

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Tumeona mambo kadhaa hivyo mbali,

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hivyo sisi ilianza na utekelezaji tu mbichi JavaScript.

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Sisi aliongeza makala mpya na ilionyesha jinsi gani tunaweza kuboresha ni pamoja na

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kile tu sisi katika JavaScript.

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>> Je, mtu yeyote kuona matatizo yoyote na muundo huu?

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Yaani, mimi nadhani-au si lazima matatizo lakini hebu kusema

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sisi si kufanya orodha ya mradi huo, na kesho tuliamua

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tulitaka kufanya orodha ya vyakula na vinywaji au mradi wa ununuzi orodha.

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mengi ya makala haya ni sawa sana.

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mambo mengi tunataka kupata nje ya JavaScript ni ya kawaida sana,

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na hii inasisitiza haja kwa baadhi ya aina ya njia ya

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kufanya hii rahisi kufanya.

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Mimi nilikuwa na kujenga wote wa upatikanaji huu HTML, upatikanaji hii yote DOM,

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kama mimi nina kwenda kuwakilisha orodha-do kwa mtindo huu.

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Na taarifa mimi nina wajibu kama developer JavaScript

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kwa ajili ya kuweka HTML na JavaScript kwamba mimi katika upatanishi.

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Kitu moja kwa moja alifanya kwamba JavaScript uwakilishi

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au orodha ya kwa-nini kupata kusukuma nje ya HTML.

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Kitu kutekelezwa kwamba isipokuwa kwa ajili yangu.

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Nilikuwa kuandika sare ya orodha ya kazi.

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Na ambayo yanaweza kuwa si-I mean, ni busara kufanya hivyo,

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lakini inaweza kuwa tedious wakati mwingine.

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Kama una mradi mkubwa, kwamba inaweza kuwa vigumu.

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>> Mifumo, moja ya madhumuni ya mifumo ya

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ni kurahisisha mchakato huo na aina ya sababu ya nje

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haya ya kawaida-mimi nadhani unaweza kusema-kubuni chati

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kwamba watu kwa ujumla kuwa baadhi ya aina ya njia ya anayewakilisha data,

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kama hiyo ni orodha marafiki, kama hiyo ni ramani habari

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au kitu au orodha ya kwa-nini.

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Baadhi ya watu wana ujumla njia ya anayewakilisha habari,

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na kwa ujumla haja ya kuweka kwamba aina ya habari katika upatanishi

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kati ya kile mtumiaji anaona katika baadhi ya aina ya maoni,

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akizungumza katika suala la kama mtawala mfano mtazamo kwamba aliona katika hotuba,

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na kisha mfano, ambayo katika kesi hii ni safu hii JavaScript.

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Mifumo kutupatia njia ya kutatua tatizo.

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Sasa hebu tuangalie utekelezaji wa orodha ya

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katika mfumo kuitwa angularjs.

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Hii ni yake. Taarifa hiyo inafaa kwenye slide.

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Sina na kitabu ya kushoto na kulia.

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Kwamba pengine si sababu kubwa ya kupendekeza kutumia mfumo,

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lakini angalia Mimi milele kupata mambo ya mtu binafsi HTML hapa?

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Mimi milele kwenda katika DOM?

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Je, unaweza kuona yoyote document.getElementByID au kitu kama hicho?

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Hapana, hiyo ni gone.

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>> Angular inatusaidia kuweka DOM na wetu JavaScript uwakilishi wa kitu

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katika aina ya upatanishi, hivyo kama si katika faili JS,

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kama hakuna njia ya programmatically kupata maudhui HTML kwamba wote

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kutoka JavaScript jinsi sisi kuweka hii katika upatanishi?

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Kama siyo katika faili JS., Ni got kuwa katika HTML, haki?

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Hii ni toleo jipya la faili HTML,

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na taarifa tumekuwa aliongeza mengi hapa.

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Taarifa kuna hizi sifa mpya kwamba kusema ng-click na ng-kurudia.

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Mbinu angular wa kutatua tatizo hili la matatizo katika kubuni

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ni kimsingi kufanya HTML sana na nguvu zaidi.

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Angular ni njia ya kuruhusu wewe kufanya HTML kiasi fulani zaidi expressive.

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Kwa mfano, naweza kusema kwamba mimi nina kwenda kufunga au kumfunga hii sanduku Nakala

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kwa kutofautiana ndani ya kanuni yangu Angular JavaScript.

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Hii ng-mfano haina tu.

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Kwamba kimsingi anasema kwamba bidhaa ndani ya sanduku hili maandishi,

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tu kwamba pamoja na kujiunga new_todo_description kutofautiana

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ndani ya kanuni ya JavaScript.

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Hiyo ni nguvu sana kwa sababu mimi si kuwa na kupanga kwenda

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DOM kupata kwamba habari.

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Sina ya kusema document.getElementByID.

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Sina kutumia jQueries kama upatikanaji DOM.

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Naweza kuihusisha na kutofautiana, na kisha wakati mimi kubadili kwamba kutofautiana

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ndani ya JavaScript ni agizo katika Sync na HTML,

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hivyo kwamba simplifies mchakato wa kuwa na kwenda na kurudi kati ya mbili.

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Je, hiyo mantiki?

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>> Na taarifa hakuna HTML upatikanaji kanuni.

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Tumekuwa tu alifanya HTML nguvu zaidi,

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na sasa, kwa mfano, tunaweza kufanya mambo kama hayo,

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kama wakati wewe bonyeza hii, piga simu hii kazi ndani ya wigo wa todos.js,

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na tunaweza kufanya hivyo kabla, lakini kuna mambo mengine, kama mfano ng-hii,

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na taarifa hii ng-kurudia.

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Unafikiri hii haina?

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Hapa ni orodha yetu unordered kutoka kabla.

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Tuna vitambulisho ul,

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lakini mimi milele utoaji kwamba orodha ndani ya maadili ya JavaScript?

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Mimi si milele waziwazi utoaji kwamba orodha.

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Jinsi gani kazi hii?

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Naam, Angular njia accomplishes hii ni hii inaitwa repeater.

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Kimsingi hii anasema kwamba nataka magazeti hii HTML

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kwa ajili ya kila ndani ya todo wa safu yangu todos.

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Ndani ya todos.jr kuna safu todos hapa hapa,

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na hii itakuwa kuwaambia go Angular kupitia safu hiyo, na kwa kila kipengele unaweza kuona

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Mimi nataka wewe magazeti hii HTML.

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Hii ni aina ya kushangaza kwa sababu siwezi tu kufanya hivyo

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bila kuwa na kuandika kwa kitanzi,

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ambayo kwa ajili ya orodha kwa-nini hiyo ilikuwa 30 tu mstari wa kanuni

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yanaweza kuwa si jambo la manufaa,

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lakini kama una mradi mkubwa, hii inaweza kupata rahisi sana.

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>> Hii ni moja ya ufumbuzi wa tatizo hili, na kufanya HTML nguvu zaidi,

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na kwamba inaruhusu yetu kwa kushika JavaScript na HTML katika upatanishi.

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Kuna wengine inawezekana njia ya kutatua tatizo hili,

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na si mfumo kila gani hii.

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Si mfumo kila kazi pamoja na mistari haya.

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Baadhi ya mifumo na njia tofauti,

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na unaweza kupata kwamba kufurahia coding katika mfumo mmoja juu ya nyingine.

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Hebu tuangalie moja zaidi.

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Hii ni orodha kwa-nini coded juu katika mfumo aitwaye Uti wa mgongo.

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Mimi nina kwenda kwa njia hii kwa haraka.

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Mimi itabidi kuanza na HTML kabla ya kwenda huko.

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Moja ya pili.

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Kuanzia na HTML, kama ilani, HTML yetu ni sawa

351
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kwa nini ilikuwa kabla, hivyo si sana mpya mbele kwamba.

352
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Lakini yetu JS faili ni tofauti kidogo.

353
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Uti wa mgongo wa aina hii ina wazo, au hujenga juu ya wazo

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00:23:00,360 --> 00:23:04,750
kwamba mengi ya nini cha kufanya na, kusema, yetu JavaScript miradi

355
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ni kufikiri kuhusu mifano na makusanyo ya mifano ya haya.

356
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Hii inaweza kuwa, kwa mfano, picha na makusanyo ya picha,

357
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au wazo la rafiki na makusanyo ya marafiki.

358
00:23:16,230 --> 00:23:20,700
Na mara nyingi wakati sisi ni programu maombi JavaScript

359
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tutaweza aina ya kuwakilisha wazo la kuwa na mkusanyiko wa marafiki

360
00:23:25,340 --> 00:23:29,500
namna fulani katika JavaScript, na Uti wa mgongo inatupa safu hii

361
00:23:29,500 --> 00:23:33,040
juu ya arrays JavaScript iliyopo na vitu

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kufanya mambo ya nguvu zaidi na kwamba kwa urahisi zaidi.

363
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>> Hapa nimekuwa inavyoelezwa mfano-do,

364
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na huna kuwa na wasiwasi sana kuhusu syntax,

365
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lakini taarifa kwamba nini moja ya mali ya hili?

366
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Ina shamba default.

367
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Uti wa mgongo inaruhusu mimi kutaja tayari mbali bat

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yoyote mpya kwa-nini kwamba mimi kujenga ni kwenda na defaults hayo.

369
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Sasa naweza Customize hii, lakini kuwa na uwezo wa kutaja defaults

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ni nzuri, na ni aina ya rahisi kwa sababu hii si kitu hiyo ni kama

371
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asili katika JavaScript, na sasa sina kupanga

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kusema kwamba todos ni pungufu.

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Naweza kusema kwamba haki mbali bat todos ni kwenda kuwa alama kama pungufu.

374
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Taarifa basi ni nini hii?

375
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Sasa nina orodha kwa-nini, na kwamba ukusanyaji.

376
00:24:25,520 --> 00:24:30,960
Taarifa shamba kuhusishwa na kwamba anasema mfano todo.

377
00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:33,390
Hii ni njia yangu ya kuwaambia kwamba Uti wa mgongo

378
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Mimi naenda kuwa na mawazo kuhusu ukusanyaji wa todos haya ya mtu binafsi.

379
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Hii ni kimsingi muundo mfano wa kuigwa kwa mpango wangu.

380
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Hapa nina wazo hili la ukusanyaji,

381
00:24:44,980 --> 00:24:48,960
na kimsingi zilizomo katika ukusanyaji wa vitu kwamba wote ni kwenda kuwa haya todos,

382
00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:51,910
na kwamba ni ya asili kwa maana hii

383
00:24:51,910 --> 00:24:59,890
kwa sababu mimi kuwa todos, na mimi kuwa nao katika ukusanyaji.

384
00:24:59,890 --> 00:25:02,940
>> Hebu tuangalie kidogo zaidi ya hii.

385
00:25:02,940 --> 00:25:05,900
Hapa ni maoni Uti wa mgongo.

386
00:25:05,900 --> 00:25:08,890
Kitu kingine kwamba Uti wa mgongo anasema ni kwamba

387
00:25:08,890 --> 00:25:14,660
mengi ya mifano ya kwamba wewe ni kufikiri kuhusu makusanyo au hata

388
00:25:14,660 --> 00:25:19,150
ni kwenda haja ya kuwa na baadhi ya njia ya kuwa visas.

389
00:25:19,150 --> 00:25:21,900
Tunahitaji atatoa kwamba orodha ya,

390
00:25:21,900 --> 00:25:25,460
na bila kuwa nzuri kama sisi inaweza kutoa kwa kila mfano

391
00:25:25,460 --> 00:25:28,390
au kumshirikisha kila mfano mtazamo huu

392
00:25:28,390 --> 00:25:34,020
ambayo inaruhusu sisi Nadhani kuungana mbili pamoja?

393
00:25:34,020 --> 00:25:38,320
Ambapo kabla tulikuwa na kutumia kwa kitanzi kwamba ingekuwa kukimbia kwa njia ya

394
00:25:38,320 --> 00:25:41,130
kila todo katika orodha yetu na kisha magazeti ya nje hapa

395
00:25:41,130 --> 00:25:44,650
tunaweza kimsingi kuungana kwa mtindo huu.

396
00:25:44,650 --> 00:25:47,550
Hii ni rai kwa-nini.

397
00:25:47,550 --> 00:25:50,550
Hii ni kuhusishwa na todo sisi kupatikana mapema.

398
00:25:50,550 --> 00:25:54,940
Sasa todo kila ni displayable au renderable

399
00:25:54,940 --> 00:25:56,960
na hii kwa-nini maoni.

400
00:25:56,960 --> 00:25:59,440
Taarifa ya baadhi ya mashamba.

401
00:25:59,440 --> 00:26:05,880
Unafikiri tagName hii ni, tagName: li?

402
00:26:05,880 --> 00:26:09,790
Kukumbuka kutoka kabla ya wakati sisi alitaka atatoa todo

403
00:26:09,790 --> 00:26:16,700
sisi ingekuwa wazi jozi todos wetu na hii tag li.

404
00:26:16,700 --> 00:26:21,080
Sasa sisi ni kusema kwamba ambapo hii todo ni kwenda kuishi

405
00:26:21,080 --> 00:26:25,250
ni kwenda kuwa ndani ya tag li.

406
00:26:25,250 --> 00:26:31,440
Na sasa tuko pia kujihusisha na matukio todos yetu.

407
00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:34,320
>> Todo Kila tukio hili moja.

408
00:26:34,320 --> 00:26:38,480
Kama bonyeza pretty much kifungo kugeuza, kwamba ni nini mimi kusema huko,

409
00:26:38,480 --> 00:26:43,080
basi kimsingi alama todo kama kinyume cha kile ilivyokuwa kabla

410
00:26:43,080 --> 00:26:45,890
na kisha re-atatoa maombi.

411
00:26:45,890 --> 00:26:47,810
Hii ni aina ya sawa na kanuni kabla.

412
00:26:47,810 --> 00:26:50,730
Kumbuka wakati sisi ni alama kama ama kinyume au-

413
00:26:50,730 --> 00:26:52,410
na kisha sisi re-inavyosema hivyo.

414
00:26:52,410 --> 00:26:57,750
Lakini taarifa sasa tukio hili kutumika kwa kuwa kitu ambacho alikuwa katika HTML.

415
00:26:57,750 --> 00:26:59,640
Ni alikuwa amekaa pale.

416
00:26:59,640 --> 00:27:01,410
kifungo alikuwa bonyeza.

417
00:27:01,410 --> 00:27:05,310
Wakati bonyeza button, ni aina ya anafanya mambo ya

418
00:27:05,310 --> 00:27:07,210
kuanzisha kwamba todo kuwa pungufu.

419
00:27:07,210 --> 00:27:11,180
Hapa tumekuwa kuhusishwa kuwa tukio ya kubonyeza kifungo kwamba kugeuza

420
00:27:11,180 --> 00:27:15,830
na kupunguza kama ni juu au mbali na mtazamo huu.

421
00:27:15,830 --> 00:27:20,480
>> Hii ni njia nzuri ya kuanzisha tukio hili hivyo kwamba ni kwa nguvu sana amefungwa

422
00:27:20,480 --> 00:27:26,980
kwa mtazamo huu, na hivyo taarifa hii moja zaidi.

423
00:27:26,980 --> 00:27:31,050
Nina njia hii atatoa, na hatuna kwenda kupitia maelezo.

424
00:27:31,050 --> 00:27:33,650
Ni aina ya sawa na kile tulikuwa kabla,

425
00:27:33,650 --> 00:27:36,070
lakini taarifa mimi si looping njia ya kitu chochote.

426
00:27:36,070 --> 00:27:40,700
Mimi si uchapishaji kwamba tag ul hiyo ni aina ya kusema mimi nina kwenda magazeti yote ya mambo.

427
00:27:40,700 --> 00:27:46,610
Mimi kutoa utendaji kwa ajili ya utoaji hii moja kwa-nini bidhaa.

428
00:27:46,610 --> 00:27:49,400
Hii ni dhana ya nguvu sana kwa sababu kimsingi

429
00:27:49,400 --> 00:27:53,600
yetu orodha ya lina haya todos wote, na kama tunaweza kimsingi bayana

430
00:27:53,600 --> 00:27:56,890
njia ya kutoa moja ya wale todos

431
00:27:56,890 --> 00:28:04,230
basi tunaweza kuwa uti wa mgongo wetu nguvu per se atatoa wote wa todos

432
00:28:04,230 --> 00:28:07,760
kwa kupiga juu ya njia asimlipe todos mtu binafsi.

433
00:28:07,760 --> 00:28:14,180
Hii ni dhana kwamba ni muhimu hapa.

434
00:28:14,180 --> 00:28:18,160
Sasa swali nzuri ya kuuliza ni jinsi gani maombi haya kuwa kuweka pamoja?

435
00:28:18,160 --> 00:28:21,200
Kwa sababu tuna uwezo wa kutoa moja todo,

436
00:28:21,200 --> 00:28:23,860
lakini ni jinsi gani sisi kupata wazo la todos nyingi?

437
00:28:23,860 --> 00:28:25,100
>> Hebu tuangalie kwamba.

438
00:28:25,100 --> 00:28:27,100
Hii ni sehemu ya mwisho.

439
00:28:27,100 --> 00:28:29,740
Taarifa tuna orodha ya maoni hapa,

440
00:28:29,740 --> 00:28:34,440
na taarifa pia ni mtazamo.

441
00:28:34,440 --> 00:28:36,970
Na kwenda juu ya wanandoa wa mambo,

442
00:28:36,970 --> 00:28:45,280
njia hii initialize wataitwa wakati sisi kwanza kuunda orodha hii-do.

443
00:28:45,280 --> 00:28:52,630
Kama unaweza kuona, ni kama kujenga orodha kwa-nini na kujihusisha kwa mtazamo huu.

444
00:28:52,630 --> 00:28:57,860
Na kisha mimi aliongeza kazi hapa hivyo kimsingi wakati kuongeza item-

445
00:28:57,860 --> 00:29:01,440
hii ni sawa na njia addItem tuliona kabla-

446
00:29:01,440 --> 00:29:07,430
Mimi nina kwenda kujenga mpya todo kitu, na taarifa mimi nina kweli wito

447
00:29:07,430 --> 00:29:13,080
hii mpya todo mbinu, hivyo hii ni zinazotolewa na Uti wa mgongo,

448
00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:16,010
na siwezi kupita katika mali yangu hapa.

449
00:29:16,010 --> 00:29:23,710
Na sasa kila todo kwamba mimi kuunda kutumia hii kupata kwamba utendaji kuwa tuliona kabla.

450
00:29:23,710 --> 00:29:28,140
Taarifa mimi nina clearing nje Nakala sanduku kabla-kidogo kidogo undani-

451
00:29:28,140 --> 00:29:32,900
na basi mimi nina kuongeza ukusanyaji hii.

452
00:29:32,900 --> 00:29:37,630
>> Hii karibu inaonekana weird kwa sababu kabla ya sisi tu alikuwa na kufanya kwamba todos.push,

453
00:29:37,630 --> 00:29:43,310
na kisha sisi yalifanyika, na hii inaweza kuonekana ngumu zaidi kwa ajili ya mradi huu, hasa

454
00:29:43,310 --> 00:29:46,980
na unaweza kupata kwamba Uti wa mgongo au hata Angular au mfumo mwingine

455
00:29:46,980 --> 00:29:50,790
haina kemikali mradi wako hasa, lakini nadhani ni muhimu kufikiria

456
00:29:50,790 --> 00:29:54,100
hii ina maana gani kwa kiwango kikubwa kwa ajili ya miradi kubwa,

457
00:29:54,100 --> 00:29:56,610
kwa sababu kama tulikuwa na mradi mkubwa ambapo tulikuwa anayewakilisha

458
00:29:56,610 --> 00:30:00,860
baadhi ya ukusanyaji kweli tata, kitu zaidi kuliko orodha tu kwa-nini,

459
00:30:00,860 --> 00:30:04,490
hebu sema orodha marafiki au kitu kama hicho, hii inaweza kuja katika Handy

460
00:30:04,490 --> 00:30:09,620
kwa sababu sisi inaweza kuandaa kanuni zetu katika njia ya kweli urahisi,

461
00:30:09,620 --> 00:30:12,550
katika njia ambayo iwe rahisi kwa mtu mwingine

462
00:30:12,550 --> 00:30:16,820
ambaye alitaka kuchukua mradi wa kujenga juu.

463
00:30:16,820 --> 00:30:21,450
Unaweza kuona kwamba hii hutoa mengi ya muundo.

464
00:30:21,450 --> 00:30:26,580
Na kisha mimi nina wito atatoa juu addItem hii.

465
00:30:26,580 --> 00:30:31,050
Atatoa, kama unaweza kuona, na huna kufahamu hii syntax kamili,

466
00:30:31,050 --> 00:30:37,790
lakini kimsingi kwa kila mfano ni kwenda kuwaita mtu atatoa mbinu.

467
00:30:37,790 --> 00:30:41,500
Hiyo ni aina ya ambapo hii inakuja kutoka.

468
00:30:41,500 --> 00:30:44,140
Hebu tu bayana jinsi ya kutoa todos mtu binafsi,

469
00:30:44,140 --> 00:30:47,310
na kisha hebu gundi yao pamoja ujumla.

470
00:30:47,310 --> 00:30:49,810
Lakini hii inatoa njia ya ujumla,

471
00:30:49,810 --> 00:30:55,470
kwa sababu mimi naweza kubadilisha njia ya mimi kuamua kutoa todos mtu binafsi,

472
00:30:55,470 --> 00:30:57,940
na mimi bila kuwa na mabadiliko yoyote ya kanuni hii.

473
00:30:57,940 --> 00:31:00,700
Hiyo ni aina ya baridi.

474
00:31:00,700 --> 00:31:08,540
>> Je, mtu yeyote una maswali yoyote kuhusu mifumo JavaScript?

475
00:31:08,540 --> 00:31:14,310
[Mwanafunzi Inaudible swali]

476
00:31:14,310 --> 00:31:16,050
Oh, uhakika, kwamba ni swali kubwa.

477
00:31:16,050 --> 00:31:19,080
swali ni jinsi gani mimi ni pamoja na mifumo?

478
00:31:19,080 --> 00:31:22,970
Wengi JavaScript mifumo ya kimsingi ni tu JS mafaili

479
00:31:22,970 --> 00:31:25,740
kwamba unaweza ni pamoja na saa ya juu ya maadili yako.

480
00:31:25,740 --> 00:31:29,830
Taarifa katika sehemu ya kichwa cha HTML yangu nina haya vitambulisho wote script,

481
00:31:29,830 --> 00:31:34,250
na ya mwisho script tag ni kanuni kwamba tumekuwa imeandikwa.

482
00:31:34,250 --> 00:31:38,820
Na kisha 3 mfumo codes ni tu pia script vitambulisho.

483
00:31:38,820 --> 00:31:42,110
Mimi ikiwa ni pamoja na yao kutoka kile kinachoitwa CDN,

484
00:31:42,110 --> 00:31:46,200
ambayo inaruhusu mimi kupata kutoka mtu mwingine katika hatua hii

485
00:31:46,200 --> 00:31:57,930
lakini mfumo wa kila ana-hii unaweza pretty much kupata maudhui

486
00:31:57,930 --> 00:32:03,540
Hasa kwa JavaScript maktaba inapatikana kwenye baadhi CDN au kitu kama hicho,

487
00:32:03,540 --> 00:32:05,570
na kisha unaweza ni pamoja na haya tags script.

488
00:32:05,570 --> 00:32:07,600
Je, hiyo mantiki?

489
00:32:07,600 --> 00:32:09,500
Baridi.

490
00:32:09,500 --> 00:32:11,730
>> Wale ni 2 tofauti mbinu.

491
00:32:11,730 --> 00:32:14,640
Wale si njia pekee ya kutatua tatizo hili.

492
00:32:14,640 --> 00:32:17,080
Kuna mambo mengi tofauti kwamba

493
00:32:17,080 --> 00:32:19,490
mtu anaweza kufanya, na kuna mifumo ya wengi huko nje.

494
00:32:19,490 --> 00:32:23,300
Angular na Uti wa mgongo wala kumwambia hadithi nzima.

495
00:32:23,300 --> 00:32:26,370
Bahati nzuri na miradi yako ya mwisho, na asante sana.

496
00:32:31,960 --> 00:32:35,000
[CS50.TV]