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>> [Semina - Unix Shells, Mazingira]

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[Douglas Kline - Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]

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[Hii ni CS50. - CS50.TV]

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>> Mada ya leo ni shell Unix.

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Mimi nina Douglas Kline, mtaalam, au angalau sababu uwezo user, ya shell.

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shell ni interface kwa mtumiaji wa kompyuta mfumo wa uendeshaji.

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jina ni kupotosha kama, tofauti na shell ya wanyama,

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ambayo ni vigumu na kinga, shell kompyuta inaruhusu kwa ajili ya mawasiliano.

9
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Hivyo membrane porous pengine ingekuwa Fumbo bora.

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>> Shell awali kwa ajili ya Unix ni shell Bourne.

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Bourne ni yameandikwa B-O-U-R-N-E.

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Bourne alikuwa mmoja wa waandishi wa awali wa Unix,

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na hivyo shell ni jina lake baada yake.

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jina la shell kama amri ni tu tu sh.

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Hiyo ni amri unaweza nitafanya.

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shell kuanza saa kuingia.

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Wakati kuingia kwenye kompyuta, shell tu kuanza mbio kwa ajili yenu,

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na kwamba ni nini inachukua amri yako.

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Inaweza kuanza wakati mwingine pia.

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Kama wewe kuleta up dirisha na hakuna dalili nyingine, itakuwa kuanza shell kwa ajili yenu.

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Hiyo ni jinsi gani ni kwamba unaweza kwenda dirisha na kuanza kuandika amri

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na kadhalika huko ingawa hakuwa kuingia kwenye dirisha hilo.

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Aidha, kama wewe kufanya kuingia kijijini,

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kisha itakuwa kuanza shell kwenye kompyuta mbali.

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Na inawezekana kukimbia amri bila shell mwingiliano.

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Hiyo inaweza kuwa na maana ndani ya kazi yako sasa,

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na inaweza pia kuwa na maana operesheni kijijini.

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Unaweza kutuma amri ya kompyuta mwingine,

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ambayo ni pamoja na kuanzisha shell huko.

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Kwa kweli, ina ni pamoja na kuanzisha shell kuna

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hata kama si madhumuni yako ya mwisho.

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Wakati kitu kuanza juu kama hii, haina lazima kuanza shell mpya.

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Kama wewe kuleta up dirisha mpya, inawezekana kuwaambia ni kuleta mhariri

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au baadhi ya amri nyingine.

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Katika kesi hiyo, mhariri wa kuanza kutoka mwanzo.

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Wakati mhariri mwisho, dirisha mwisho.

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Hii ni kidogo kawaida lakini inaweza kufanyika.

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Katika kesi hizo, itakuwa si shell.

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Hivyo si lazima kesi hiyo dirisha au baadhi ya maombi hayo kuleta up shell.

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>> Shell parses amri.

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Parsing maana kutambua mambo mbalimbali na kuainisha yao.

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Ndani ya amri, kamba kamili kwamba aina,

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kutakuwa na 1 au zaidi single amri wauawe.

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Mambo mengine inaweza kuwa hoja.

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Kuna pia inaweza herufi maalum ambayo kuathiri utekelezaji wa amri.

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Wanaweza kutuma pato mahali fulani kingine chochote zaidi ya screen

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kama amri kwa kawaida kutuma kwa screen.

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Inaweza kuelekeza pembejeo, inaweza kufanya mambo mengine pia.

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Kuna alama nyingine mbalimbali, wahusika, na kadhalika.

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Parsing inahusisha kuchunguza na kutafsiri mambo hayo.

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>> Sasa kama kuna maswali hakuna zaidi, ambayo ni badala uwezekano kuwa kuna watu tena,

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tutakwenda kwenye ukurasa yangu ijayo hapa.

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>> Nilivyosema awali kwamba Bourne shell ni shell ya awali.

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Kuna wengine.

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Moja ni C-shell. amri ni CSH.

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jina C-shell ni mchezo wa maneno.

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Shell hii ilianzishwa kwa Berkeley Unix katikati ya miaka ya 1970.

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Berkeley Unix ni tukio semina katika maendeleo ya Unix.

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Ilikuwa ni mapinduzi makubwa na ni pamoja na kuanzishwa kwa shell hii.

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Sababu ya kuwa mchezo wa maneno, C-shell,

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ni kwamba C-shell ina baadhi ya sifa ndani yake ambayo inafanana na C lugha,

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ambayo Bourne shell hana -

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au hakuwa na wakati huo.

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Kuna pia Mama-shell.

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Hii ni superset ya C-shell.

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Ni ina sifa ya ziada, wengi ambao ni muhimu kwa ajili ya matumizi shirikishi,

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kama vile kukumbuka amri katika utaratibu historia,

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ambayo mimi itabidi kuelezea kwa kiasi fulani baadaye -

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kwa njia rahisi, inatokana baada ya mhariri.

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Pia ina bindings ambayo itawawezesha kumfunga short muhimu kamba amri tena.

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Sisi siyo kwenda kwa kuingia katika kwamba leo.

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Ina baadhi ya sifa ya kuwa ni muhimu kwa ajili ya programu.

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Hata hivyo, C-shell si mara nyingi hutumika kwa ajili ya programu shell.

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Mipango ya Shell, kama wewe hakuwa tayari kujua,

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ni mipango ya wajumbe wa sifa shell.

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Unaweza kukimbia haya kama mipango.

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Kuandika kundi la amri shell katika faili na kutekeleza file.

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Huna haja ya kukusanya yake. Hii ni lugha ya interpretive.

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maneno C-shell ni sasa utata tangu inaweza kutaja tu ya awali C-shell, CSH,

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au kwa wote C-shells, ikiwa ni pamoja na tcsh. Ni kidogo utata.

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>> Shell baadaye ni Korn shell, ksh, jina lake baada ya programu, Korn.

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Shell Hii alijaribu kuingiza katika 1 shell

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faida ya C-shell kwa ajili ya matumizi shirikishi

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na Bourne shell kwa programu.

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Imekuwa kutumika kama shell interactive na baadhi ya watu - wachache.

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Baadaye hata hivyo, kuna ilikuwa ni kuanzishwa kwa mwingine, shell Bash, bash,

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tena mchezo wa maneno, Bourne mara ya pili shell.

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Ni upanuzi wa shell Bourne. Korn shell ni pia. Wote wawili ni.

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Ina malengo sawa ya Korn ganda la amalgamating C-shell ya

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na faida Bourne shell katika 1 shell.

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Wengi wa nyongeza ya shell Korn pia ni pamoja na katika Bash.

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Bash, hata hivyo, ina zaidi na kwa hiyo ni vyema.

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Bourne mara ya pili shell na shell Korn walioitwa shells Bourne aina ya

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kwa sababu wao ni pamoja na sifa Bourne shell ya,

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ambayo ni kinyume katika mambo fulani na C-shells.

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Kuna shells nyingine zaidi ya hizo, baadhi lengo kwa ajili ya matumizi ya vikwazo,

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labda mdogo kwa baadhi ya amri, labda madhumuni maalumu, si mara nyingi kutumika.

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>> Sawa. Ijayo bidhaa hapa.

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Bash shell imekuwa kuhusishwa na aina mbalimbali ya Linux.

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Mimi nina uhakika kama ni kweli ya kila aina.

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Kuna aina nyingi huko nje na mimi si kutumika yao wote,

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lakini kwa wale kwamba mimi kutumika imekuwa yanayohusiana na hayo.

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Hadi sasa kama mimi kujua, kuna chochote kuhusu Bash

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ambayo inafanya yoyote zaidi sambamba na Linux

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kuliko mchanganyiko nyingine yoyote ya ganda na mfumo wa uendeshaji.

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Nadhani hii pengine tu huonyesha mwelekeo wa programmers.

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Hiyo ina kuwa kuhusishwa na Linux ni sababu nyingine kupendelea Bash kwa shilingi

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tangu mambo ni uwezekano wa kuwa na yaliyoandikwa humo na ni uwezekano wa kuenea.

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Mimi nitakupa sababu nyingine kwa ajili kwamba baadaye.

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Scripts Bourne shell lazima kukimbia chini ya shell Korn au Bash.

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Kama wewe kuandika kitu kwa ajili ya shell Bourne,

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pengine unaweza nitafanya hivyo chini ya ksh au bash.

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Korn scripts shell pengine kukimbia chini ya Bash, lakini siwezi kuthibitisha kwamba.

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Baadaye hapa, scripts C-shell lazima kukimbia chini ya Mama-shell.

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C-shell kwa kweli kamwe sana kutumika kwa ajili scripting

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tangu Bourne shell na baadaye shells Bourne aina walikuwa vyema kwa ajili hiyo.

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Ili kweli si wote muhimu kwamba.

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Kuna kabisa mengi ya scripts shell Bourne yaliyoandikwa muda mrefu uliopita,

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kabla ya shell Korn au Bourne mara ya pili shell walikuwa vishawishi.

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Wale ambao bado ni katika matumizi, sehemu ya mifumo ya uendeshaji,

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na hivyo utapata yao kama ukiangalia katika mfumo wa uendeshaji

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au baadhi ya fedha za programu ya zamani.

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>> Bash ni kwa kiasi fulani kuwa aina ya lingua franca kwa mifumo ya uendeshaji.

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Ni tayari kupanuliwa kwa Windows na VMS.

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VMS, katika kesi hamjui, ni wamiliki mfumo wa uendeshaji

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ya Digital Vifaa Corporation ambayo ni bado katika matumizi, kwa kiasi kikubwa nyuma ya pazia.

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Na kama ni kwenda kuwa mbio juu ya mifumo kadhaa ya uendeshaji tofauti,

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uwezekano watu huwa na kuhama kwa ajili yake.

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Lakini maendeleo hii ni ya hivi karibuni.

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Ni mwanzo tu, hivyo siwezi kutabiri kama hii kurejea nje kwa kweli kuwa aina ya mawasiliano mapana.

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Pia, kwa sababu pathnames file na maktaba tofauti

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kati ya hizi mifumo mbalimbali ya uendeshaji,

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unaweza kuwa na uwezo wa kuandika Bash script juu ya mfumo mmoja wa uendeshaji

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na kisha kuendesha juu ya mtu mwingine.

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Unapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa hoja hiyo kati ya mbalimbali Unix, Linux

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Mifumo ya uendeshaji Mac OS lakini si lazima Windows au VMS.

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Unaweza kuwa na mabadiliko ya maelezo file pathname,

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na baadhi maktaba inaweza kuwa tofauti,

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ambayo inaweza kuathiri njia ya kwamba baadhi ya amri kazi

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au jinsi mchakato wa hoja na kama.

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Mbali na kwamba, tahadhari mwingine hapa ni kwamba hakuna dhamana

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kwamba shells mbalimbali nimekuwa zilizotajwa - Bourne shell, C-shell,

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Mama-shell, Korn shell, Bourne mara ya pili shell - itakuwa inapatikana chini ya yoyote Unix

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au Linux au Mac OS kompyuta.

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Wao tu wanaweza kuwa huko.

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Hiyo ni moja ya cautions hapa.

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Ni kiwango cha juu bahati mbaya hapa tangu Ningependa mambo ya kazi kila mahali,

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lakini kwa bahati mbaya, huwezi kutegemea juu ya hilo.

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>> Sawa. Ijayo moja hapa.

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Hebu kusema kwamba unataka kuandika script shell,

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mpango yenye amri shell.

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Kuandika amri yako, kuziweka katika faili, na nitafanya file.

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Nini kama unataka pamoja mabishano?

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Katika kesi ya shughuli za ganda, hoja walioitwa vigezo au vigezo nafasi hii

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na wao itabidi kuitwa kwa ishara ya dola na numeral, $ 1, $ 2.

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Hivyo kama script ina jina hii, hoja yangu ya kwanza inaweza kuwa hoja 1

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na pili langu liwe hoja 2,

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na ndani ya script yangu kama nataka kutaja mambo haya -

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hebu kufuta hii tangu mimi si kweli kwenda kuendesha -

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ndani ya script wangu nipate kuwa $ 1 hadi rejea arg1,

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$ 2, ambayo atakuja nje kwa njia hiyo, arg2.

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Hivyo ishara hizo zinapatikana kwa kutaja hoja,

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na wale kuomba yote ya shells.

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Aidha, kuna wahusika wengine.

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$ * Inahusu hoja nzima orodha, kila mmoja wao.

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$ # Inahusu idadi ya hoja.

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Tena, hii inatumika kwa shells wote.

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Wale alama, * na #, inaweza kutumika kwa maana wale katika maeneo mengine pia.

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Sisi si kupata katika hiyo.

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>> Shell Specifier line. Nini kwamba kwa?

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Hebu sema umefanya imeandikwa script na ni kwa ajili ya shell fulani na unataka kukimbia.

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Jinsi gani unajua nini shell mfumo wa uendeshaji wako kutumia kuendesha script yako?

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Katika hatua moja unaweza kudhani kuwa itakuwa kukimbia katika shell Bourne

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kama wewe hakusema vinginevyo,

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lakini watu si kuandika scripts katika Bourne shell kwamba tena sana

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na unaweza hata kutegemea kwamba tena.

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Kwa hiyo hapa tuna shell Specifier line haki hapa.

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Kwamba unasema Bash.

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Kumbuka kwamba bayana katika pathname, / bin / bash.

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Kama kompyuta ina ganda Bash lakini si katika bin directory, / bin, hii si kazi.

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Hiyo ni kufuzu mwingine, tahadhari mwingine hapa.

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ishara pound ni maoni line tabia.

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Ambayo inatumika kwa shells wote.

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kesi fulani hapa, #! mwanzoni mwa script, ni kesi maalum.

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Kwamba unasema shell ambayo kuendesha script.

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Kama nilivyosema, huenda ikawa si sawa mahali / bin.

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Aidha, kuna kitu kingine hapa.

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Kama wewe tu kutumia chupa ishara na hakuna uhakika mshangao na pathname,

189
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kwamba lazima zinaonyesha C-shell.

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Hata hivyo, mimi si kupendekeza kufanya hivyo kwa sababu mimi nina uwezo wa kuhakikisha

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kwamba siku zote kufanya kazi.

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Kama unataka C-shell, itakuwa bora ya kusema hivyo.

193
00:12:52,220 --> 00:12:58,450
Kisha kuna kitu badala utata hapa.

194
00:12:58,450 --> 00:13:03,940
Kama matumizi ya shell Specifier line kama vile / bin / bash

195
00:13:03,940 --> 00:13:07,070
na kwamba shell ni si inapatikana huko,

196
00:13:07,070 --> 00:13:10,680
hakuna kitu kama vile / bin / bash kwenye kompyuta hiyo hasa ni,

197
00:13:10,680 --> 00:13:14,330
ama kwa sababu haina Bash au kwa sababu katika eneo tofauti,

198
00:13:14,330 --> 00:13:17,450
utasikia kupata kosa kuwaambia kwamba script mbio haipo.

199
00:13:17,450 --> 00:13:21,510
Na bila shaka script yako ipo, ili ujumbe wa makosa ni utata.

200
00:13:21,510 --> 00:13:24,810
sababu kwamba mfumo wa uendeshaji anatoa makosa ambayo

201
00:13:24,810 --> 00:13:28,370
au kwa usahihi zaidi, kwamba shell yako interactive ambayo wewe ni mbio hii inatoa makosa ambayo,

202
00:13:28,370 --> 00:13:33,510
ni kwamba ripoti amri unaweza kutumika, ambayo ni jina la script.

203
00:13:33,510 --> 00:13:36,920
Amri hiyo kwa ufanisi aitwaye shell kwa jina la script.

204
00:13:36,920 --> 00:13:39,330
Hiyo ambapo unaweza kupata kwamba utata ujumbe wa kosa.

205
00:13:39,330 --> 00:13:42,980
Njia nyingine ya kuwaita shell script

206
00:13:42,980 --> 00:13:45,910
ni kwa inayobainisha shell juu ya mstari amri, kama hapa.

207
00:13:45,910 --> 00:13:52,510
Hii ni amri. Hii inasema kukimbia Bash na kisha kukimbia script yangu katika Bash.

208
00:13:52,510 --> 00:13:55,680
Hiyo fuatilia juu ya Specifier line,

209
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na hii ina kipengele cha kuruhusu wewe kutoa kwa ajili ya pathnames tofauti.

210
00:14:02,090 --> 00:14:04,840
Kama wewe tu kutoa amri, mfumo wa uendeshaji kuangalia kwa amri kwamba

211
00:14:04,840 --> 00:14:06,410
katika maeneo mbalimbali.

212
00:14:06,410 --> 00:14:08,820
Kama inapatikana, ni lazima kupata hiyo.

213
00:14:08,820 --> 00:14:12,290
kompyuta utapata Bash popote ziko na kukimbia,

214
00:14:12,290 --> 00:14:15,470
hivyo huna haja kisha kuwa na wasiwasi kuhusu ambapo anaona ni.

215
00:14:15,470 --> 00:14:17,360
Kuna wasiwasi uwezekano wa nyingine hapa,

216
00:14:17,360 --> 00:14:20,830
kama kuna zaidi ya 1 toleo la Bash, ambayo inawezekana ingawa uwezekano.

217
00:14:20,830 --> 00:14:23,540
Hivyo kwamba ni njia nyingine ya kukabiliana na mambo haya.

218
00:14:23,540 --> 00:14:30,480
Mistari Specifier wanaweza kupiga shell yoyote.

219
00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:34,480
Wanaweza pia kupiga simu vitu vingine zaidi ya shells.

220
00:14:34,480 --> 00:14:37,940
Mifano nina hapa ni sed, ambayo ni mhariri mkondo;

221
00:14:37,940 --> 00:14:39,900
awk, ambayo ni lugha usindikaji mfano;

222
00:14:39,900 --> 00:14:43,680
na Perl, sana sana maendeleo ya scripting lugha.

223
00:14:43,680 --> 00:14:47,570
Kama kuweka Specifier line kuonyesha moja ya mipango ya wale mwanzoni,

224
00:14:47,570 --> 00:14:51,270
itakuwa kwenda moja kwa moja katika mpango kwamba badala ya kuanzia shell.

225
00:14:51,270 --> 00:14:54,030
Programu hizo na mipaka ya uwezo wao.

226
00:14:54,030 --> 00:14:58,790
Perl ni uwezo sana. Sed ni mhariri. Ni wanaweza kufanya mambo zaidi ya uhariri tu.

227
00:14:58,790 --> 00:15:03,300
Lakini inaweza kuwa vigumu kwa mpango huo.

228
00:15:03,300 --> 00:15:09,670
Aidha, kupita hoja na mambo ya script ni ama haiwezekani au utata.

229
00:15:09,670 --> 00:15:15,030
Hivyo katika kesi hizo, na awk au sed, ni, angalau katika uzoefu wangu,

230
00:15:15,030 --> 00:15:18,910
vyema kuandika shell script na wito awk au sed kutoka script shell

231
00:15:18,910 --> 00:15:24,660
badala ya wito awk au sed kama script Specifier line.

232
00:15:24,660 --> 00:15:26,980
Perl ni lugha yenye mseto, kama nilivyosema.

233
00:15:26,980 --> 00:15:30,050
Huwezi kukimbia amri interactive katika Perl,

234
00:15:30,050 --> 00:15:32,660
ambayo ina maana kwamba huwezi mtihani sehemu ya maandiko kwamba wewe ni kuendeleza

235
00:15:32,660 --> 00:15:33,970
na mbio yao interactively.

236
00:15:33,970 --> 00:15:36,160
Hata hivyo, ni lugha uwezo sana

237
00:15:36,160 --> 00:15:40,960
na ina maendeleo katika chombo sana sana kutumika.

238
00:15:40,960 --> 00:15:45,720
Hiyo ni kidogo tu ya remark parenthetical juu ya mistari Specifier.

239
00:15:45,720 --> 00:15:50,610
>> Katika yote au aina nyingi za Linux - tena, siwezi kuwa na uhakika kwamba wote -

240
00:15:50,610 --> 00:15:57,900
na katika Mac OS, kama aina CSH kupata tcsh,

241
00:15:57,900 --> 00:16:00,570
na kama aina sh kupata bash.

242
00:16:00,570 --> 00:16:05,020
Walikuwa wakijaribu huko kukupa matoleo ya juu zaidi ya makombora hayo,

243
00:16:05,020 --> 00:16:07,940
lakini hii inaweza kuwa na utata.

244
00:16:07,940 --> 00:16:16,720
Kama wewe kuandika script kutumia tcsh au Bash makala wakati wito CSH au sh

245
00:16:16,720 --> 00:16:22,230
na kisha kujaribu kukimbia kwenye kompyuta ambayo haina tcsh au Bash,

246
00:16:22,230 --> 00:16:25,050
unaweza kupata baadhi ya makosa kama kuna amri huko

247
00:16:25,050 --> 00:16:27,970
ambayo shells wale hawatambui.

248
00:16:27,970 --> 00:16:34,120
Aidha, unaweza kuwa aitwaye hadi shell yako kwenye kompyuta lako

249
00:16:34,120 --> 00:16:37,700
kuiita kama sh au CSH na kisha kupata shells ya juu zaidi.

250
00:16:37,700 --> 00:16:41,440
Unaweza hata kufikiria ukweli kwamba unatumia shell ya juu zaidi.

251
00:16:41,440 --> 00:16:45,670
Hivyo hii ni shimo uwezo.

252
00:16:45,670 --> 00:16:50,290
Jinsi ni imara kwamba kama aina sh kupata Bash,

253
00:16:50,290 --> 00:16:55,580
kama aina CSH kupata tsch?

254
00:16:55,580 --> 00:16:59,940
Kuna mambo katika kompyuta haya kuitwa viungo

255
00:16:59,940 --> 00:17:06,460
ambayo inaweza kuunganishwa na faili majina kwa kutaja kitu kimoja.

256
00:17:06,460 --> 00:17:12,180
Ni yanaweza ama kuwa majina 2 kwa ajili ya faili moja au faili ambao lengo ni rejea faili mwingine.

257
00:17:12,180 --> 00:17:17,550
Wao ni kuitwa viungo ngumu na mfano. Hatutakuwa na kwenda katika hiyo tena leo.

258
00:17:17,550 --> 00:17:21,619
Kuna pia kuwa tofauti files - 1 file sh, 1 file Bash -

259
00:17:21,619 --> 00:17:23,880
lakini wao wote kukimbia Bash.

260
00:17:23,880 --> 00:17:29,350
Kisha kuna kufuzu mwingine hapa.

261
00:17:29,350 --> 00:17:42,640
Kama wewe ni wito wa shells haya kwa jina moja,

262
00:17:42,640 --> 00:17:46,640
unaweza kufikiri wewe Ningependa kupata utendaji sawa na kuiita kwa jina lingine.

263
00:17:46,640 --> 00:17:49,700
Naam, kwamba kwa kweli si lazima kweli.

264
00:17:49,700 --> 00:17:55,020
Amri hizi wanaweza kuchunguza jina ambalo waliitwa

265
00:17:55,020 --> 00:18:00,020
na wanaweza, kwa misingi ya jina hilo, tabia tofauti.

266
00:18:00,020 --> 00:18:02,740
Kunaweza kuwa na masuala ya kujaribu kuendana na kiwango cha.

267
00:18:02,740 --> 00:18:06,060
Baadhi ya unaweza kuwa na habari ya kiwango POSIX au nyingine,

268
00:18:06,060 --> 00:18:08,730
labda sifa nyingine.

269
00:18:08,730 --> 00:18:14,520
Hii inaweza kuwa kuchaguliwa wakati mwingine kwa hoja mstari amri

270
00:18:14,520 --> 00:18:17,310
au kwa kuweka vigezo shell.

271
00:18:17,310 --> 00:18:22,170
Kuiita kama sh au bash inaweza kweli kusababisha utekelezaji mbalimbali

272
00:18:22,170 --> 00:18:25,300
hata kama ni faili moja kuwa wewe ni utekelezaji ni.

273
00:18:25,300 --> 00:18:31,800
Jambo jingine la kuzingatia ni kwamba hata kama kompyuta nyingine ina tcsh au Bash,

274
00:18:31,800 --> 00:18:35,310
kama si wanaohusishwa kama wao ni kwenye kompyuta yako ndani

275
00:18:35,310 --> 00:18:37,990
kama una Linux au Mac OS kompyuta ya karibu,

276
00:18:37,990 --> 00:18:45,630
kisha tena utapata shell kwamba simu sh au CSH, si moja kwamba unaweza kupendelea.

277
00:18:50,430 --> 00:19:01,130
sasa Bourne shell ina nyongeza mdogo kuliko wale katika Bash

278
00:19:01,130 --> 00:19:06,100
lakini wale zamani katika awali Bourne shell.

279
00:19:06,100 --> 00:19:09,690
Kama matokeo ya kwamba, hata sasa Bourne shell, sh,

280
00:19:09,690 --> 00:19:14,560
hata wakati si Bash, inafanana na C lugha zaidi ya C-shell gani.

281
00:19:14,560 --> 00:19:20,460
Hiyo ilikuwa si kweli wakati C-shell kwa mara ya kwanza kuundwa, lakini ina maendeleo kwa njia hiyo.

282
00:19:20,460 --> 00:19:26,560
Unaweza taarifa hapa kwamba majina haya yote shell ila kwa shell Bourne

283
00:19:26,560 --> 00:19:30,640
kuwa na kitu cha zinaonyesha ambayo shell wao ni - CSH, bash -

284
00:19:30,640 --> 00:19:32,550
lakini Bourne shell ni sh.

285
00:19:32,550 --> 00:19:34,910
Kwa nini? Hiyo ilikuwa ni shell awali.

286
00:19:34,910 --> 00:19:37,770
Ilikuwa ni shell basi, si shell,

287
00:19:37,770 --> 00:19:41,090
na kwa kuwa ilikuwa shell, kulikuwa hakuna sababu ya kutofautisha ni kutoka shell mwingine.

288
00:19:41,090 --> 00:19:45,030
Hivyo ndiyo sababu ina jina kuwa na bado anafanya.

289
00:19:50,630 --> 00:19:58,990
>> Juu Hii hapa ni mstari kutoka database password kwa ajili ya akaunti mimi kuwa kuna

290
00:19:58,990 --> 00:20:01,680
kwenye kompyuta nyingine.

291
00:20:01,680 --> 00:20:08,300
Mimi nina kwenda kujaribu kupata jina kwamba hivyo unaweza kuona sehemu kwamba mwishoni, shell.

292
00:20:09,720 --> 00:20:15,450
database password ana sifa kuingia kwa watumiaji wote.

293
00:20:15,450 --> 00:20:20,330
Mwanzoni ni jina la mtumiaji, ambayo unaweza kuona barua ya mwisho 2 wa mgodi sasa.

294
00:20:20,330 --> 00:20:23,970
mashamba ya hapa ni kutengwa kwa colons.

295
00:20:23,970 --> 00:20:28,210
shamba mwisho, kama unaweza kuona, ni bin / tcsh, shell.

296
00:20:28,210 --> 00:20:30,230
Hiyo ni Specifier shell.

297
00:20:30,230 --> 00:20:33,240
Kuna jambo la kuvutia hapa.

298
00:20:33,240 --> 00:20:36,950
Wakati Unix kwa mara ya kwanza maendeleo, kulikuwa na tu 1 shell,

299
00:20:36,950 --> 00:20:38,350
hivyo kulikuwa hakuna uchaguzi huko.

300
00:20:38,350 --> 00:20:45,570
Hivyo kwa nini wao kuruhusu shamba katika orodha ya password kutaja shell?

301
00:20:45,570 --> 00:20:47,920
Sijui, lakini ni bahati kwamba walivyofanya.

302
00:20:47,920 --> 00:20:52,030
Ni badala vigumu kufanya mabadiliko katika muundo password database

303
00:20:52,030 --> 00:20:54,420
kwa sababu programu nyingi kutaja muundo wake

304
00:20:54,420 --> 00:20:57,720
na bila kuwa kuandikwa upya.

305
00:20:57,720 --> 00:21:04,130
Ni felicitous au kwa bahati mbaya kwamba maendeleo wao ni pamoja na shamba hilo.

306
00:21:04,130 --> 00:21:12,780
Kwamba aina ya password file line hutumiwa kwenye kompyuta zote Unix na Linux hivyo mbali kama mimi kujua.

307
00:21:12,780 --> 00:21:14,650
Mac ina mfumo wake mwenyewe.

308
00:21:14,650 --> 00:21:17,810
Ni kweli ina password file na mistari katika format kwamba,

309
00:21:17,810 --> 00:21:21,060
lakini hiyo siyo ambapo sifa user ni defined.

310
00:21:21,060 --> 00:21:24,200
Mwingine remark parenthetical huko.

311
00:21:36,470 --> 00:21:46,020
>> Kama wewe ni wito shell, unaweza kuiita kama ndogo-shell ya makombora yako zilizopo.

312
00:21:46,020 --> 00:21:50,480
Basi, ikiwa mimi kwenda hapa, hebu kujikwamua wa mambo hayo.

313
00:21:50,480 --> 00:21:53,350
Mimi hapa katika C-shell.

314
00:21:56,830 --> 00:22:01,200
Hiyo variable, ambayo kwa usahihi kubainisha shell yangu,

315
00:22:01,200 --> 00:22:04,300
kweli daima si njia ya kuaminika ya kuamua nini shell wewe ni mbio,

316
00:22:04,300 --> 00:22:06,220
lakini katika kesi hii ni.

317
00:22:06,220 --> 00:22:08,040
Nini kama mimi tu aina -

318
00:22:09,970 --> 00:22:12,470
Sasa mimi nina katika Bash.

319
00:22:12,470 --> 00:22:19,540
Baadhi ya mambo ni kwenda kuwa sawa. ls anasema mimi amri zangu.

320
00:22:19,540 --> 00:22:24,500
Kama mimi kusimamisha nyuma yangu C-shell, ls, sawa. Haki?

321
00:22:24,500 --> 00:22:28,890
fg, foreground, nyuma Bash yangu shell.

322
00:22:28,890 --> 00:22:38,290
Walemavu, directory sasa, nyuma ya C-shell.

323
00:22:38,290 --> 00:22:43,180
Walemavu, tofauti directory - kweli si directory mbalimbali katika kesi hii.

324
00:22:43,180 --> 00:22:45,110
Ni directory hiyo.

325
00:22:45,110 --> 00:22:50,000
Hebu sema mimi wanataka kuwaita amri hapa: ambapo ls.

326
00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:52,140
Je, hiyo nini?

327
00:22:52,140 --> 00:22:53,670
Ni anasema mimi ambapo ls amri,

328
00:22:53,670 --> 00:22:56,670
moja kwamba anatoa mimi orodha directory, iko katika ls.

329
00:22:56,670 --> 00:23:01,460
Hebu kwenda nyuma ya Bash shell. Hebu jaribu kitu kimoja.

330
00:23:01,460 --> 00:23:05,830
Hmm, kuvutia huko, ambapo: Amri haikupatikana.

331
00:23:05,830 --> 00:23:07,400
Kwa nini ni kwamba?

332
00:23:07,400 --> 00:23:11,570
ambapo amri ni kujengwa katika C-shell.

333
00:23:11,570 --> 00:23:15,630
Hii si amri ambayo ina kusomwa katika kumbukumbu kutoka mahali pengine na kuuawa.

334
00:23:15,630 --> 00:23:20,310
C-shell anaendesha hiyo kwa kuhamisha utekelezaji kwa sehemu ya maadili ya yake mwenyewe

335
00:23:20,310 --> 00:23:22,790
na si katika Bash shell.

336
00:23:22,790 --> 00:23:25,710
Hivyo Bash, si kuwa na kujengwa katika maagizo hayo, inaonekana kwa ajili yake, asipate,

337
00:23:25,710 --> 00:23:27,720
na sisi kupata kosa.

338
00:23:27,720 --> 00:23:32,290
Hivyo kuna tuna Bash shell mbio chini ya C-shell, na sisi wito kwamba ndogo-shell.

339
00:23:32,290 --> 00:23:38,480
Na tu katika kesi wewe ni curious, Bash shell ina njia yake ya kuuweka amri.

340
00:23:38,480 --> 00:23:42,590
heshi ina maana ya ukweli kwamba inaweza kuwa kunyongwa kwa kasi zaidi,

341
00:23:42,590 --> 00:23:44,960
kupatikana kwa haraka zaidi.

342
00:23:44,960 --> 00:23:48,610
Hiyo ni moja ya nyongeza kujengwa katika baadhi ya makombora hayo.

343
00:23:50,220 --> 00:23:54,200
>> Shells Bourne aina ni mkuu kuliko kwa ajili ya programu.

344
00:23:54,200 --> 00:23:57,300
Wao na miundo ya udhibiti kama tanzi, kauli masharti,

345
00:23:57,300 --> 00:24:00,240
aina ya amri hiyo unaweza kutumia katika lugha ya programu kama C

346
00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:04,190
au lugha yoyote. Labda wewe ni programu katika Java au chochote.

347
00:24:04,190 --> 00:24:06,460
Shells na wale pia.

348
00:24:06,460 --> 00:24:11,790
Shells Bourne-aina, hasa Bash, na zaidi

349
00:24:11,790 --> 00:24:15,730
na wao ni iliyoundwa na mabadiliko makubwa.

350
00:24:15,730 --> 00:24:20,700
Bash shell ina arrays. awali Bourne shell hana.

351
00:24:20,700 --> 00:24:26,130
Hivyo kwamba wanaweza kuwa mno faida kwa programu.

352
00:24:26,130 --> 00:24:29,810
C-shell kweli haina na arrays lakini hana mengi ya makala hizi nyingine.

353
00:24:29,810 --> 00:24:33,450
Shells Bourne aina nitafanya kasi

354
00:24:33,450 --> 00:24:36,520
kama hawana sifa lengo kwa ajili ya matumizi ya mwingiliano.

355
00:24:36,520 --> 00:24:39,340
Mzigo mambo chini kwa lengo moja, hii mizigo yao chini kwa lengo jingine.

356
00:24:39,340 --> 00:24:41,520
Kuna kwamba biashara-off huko.

357
00:24:41,520 --> 00:24:44,510
Wale makala ambayo ni lengo kwa ajili ya matumizi shirikishi

358
00:24:44,510 --> 00:24:46,920
kweli ni ya matumizi kidogo au hakuna kwa scripting.

359
00:24:46,920 --> 00:24:52,160
Ni inawezekana kutumia interactive ndogo-shell tu kama moja Nilianza huko

360
00:24:52,160 --> 00:24:57,780
mtihani nje amri ambayo unakusudia kutumia katika script.

361
00:24:57,780 --> 00:25:01,180
Hiyo ni nini unaweza kufanya na Perl. Unaweza kufanya hivyo kwa shells.

362
00:25:01,180 --> 00:25:04,850
Hata miundo kama kwa loops na kadhalika inaweza kuwa na kukimbia interactively.

363
00:25:04,850 --> 00:25:07,000
Wao ni mara kwa mara na manufaa kwa kukimbia interactively,

364
00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:10,180
lakini zaidi uwezekano unatumia yao kuendeleza script.

365
00:25:15,690 --> 00:25:17,400
>> Majina bandia.

366
00:25:17,400 --> 00:25:21,630
Hii ni kwenda kuwa juu ya C-shell.

367
00:25:23,270 --> 00:25:27,570
Historia utaratibu ambapo unaweza kupata nyuma kwa amri ya awali

368
00:25:27,570 --> 00:25:30,340
au sehemu ya yao kwamba umefanya tayari kukimbia.

369
00:25:30,340 --> 00:25:33,680
Tena, juu ya C-ganda, Bourne shell na Korn shell na mambo haya,

370
00:25:33,680 --> 00:25:35,620
lakini mimi si kwenda kupata ndani yao.

371
00:25:35,620 --> 00:25:40,340
Hivyo hapa ni baadhi Majina bandia muhimu kwamba mimi.

372
00:25:43,100 --> 00:25:44,880
Badala ya kuandika ls - ni amri ya kawaida -

373
00:25:44,880 --> 00:25:47,620
aina tu l na kujiokoa 1 tabia.

374
00:25:47,620 --> 00:25:50,600
ls na chaguzi mbalimbali, wale kazi yote.

375
00:25:50,600 --> 00:25:54,460
Kumbuka kwamba ufafanuzi wale na quotes karibu nao.

376
00:25:54,460 --> 00:25:57,520
Katika kesi hizi, quotes si muhimu.

377
00:25:57,520 --> 00:26:00,100
Kama unaweza kufafanua Majina bandia wale bila quotes, ingekuwa bado kazi.

378
00:26:00,100 --> 00:26:02,910
Wao ni ilipendekeza.

379
00:26:02,910 --> 00:26:04,900
Kuna hali ambayo huwezi kutumia quote

380
00:26:04,900 --> 00:26:08,050
kwa sababu unataka kitu kutokea ambayo quote ingeweza kuzuia.

381
00:26:08,050 --> 00:26:11,210
Wakati mwingine unaweza kunukuu sehemu ya ufafanuzi lakini si yote.

382
00:26:11,210 --> 00:26:17,010
Ni pia kwa ujumla ilipendekeza kwa kutumia quotes moja badala ya quotes mbili.

383
00:26:17,010 --> 00:26:19,750
Double quotes kuathiri ufafanuzi variable,

384
00:26:19,750 --> 00:26:22,950
hasa kusababisha athari yao kwa tathmini badala ya kutokomeza ugonjwa huo.

385
00:26:22,950 --> 00:26:25,910
Kwa nini tunataka kuacha tathmini hiyo?

386
00:26:25,910 --> 00:26:28,710
Na jinsi gani quotes kufanya hivyo kwa ajili yetu?

387
00:26:28,710 --> 00:26:32,600
>> Hapa ni amri ambayo unaweza kupata kuvutia.

388
00:26:32,600 --> 00:26:35,470
'Ls g *'

389
00:26:35,470 --> 00:26:37,640
g *, kama pengine kujua, ni kujieleza wildcard

390
00:26:37,640 --> 00:26:40,290
kwa majina yote file mwanzo na g.

391
00:26:40,290 --> 00:26:46,410
Kama mimi tu kuandika katika amri ls g *, mimi itabidi kupata orodha ya majina ya wale wote katika orodha yangu ya sasa.

392
00:26:46,410 --> 00:26:50,870
Kama mimi kufafanua kwamba alias kama ni hapa kwa quotes,

393
00:26:50,870 --> 00:26:56,990
itakuwa kukimbia amri hiyo katika orodha yako ya sasa ambapo wewe ni mbio.

394
00:26:56,990 --> 00:27:01,250
Lakini kama wewe kukimbia alias ufafanuzi bila quotes,

395
00:27:01,250 --> 00:27:09,620
itakuwa kutathmini wildcard g * wakati anaendesha amri hii kufafanua.

396
00:27:09,620 --> 00:27:14,400
Hivyo ufafanuzi wa alias itakuwa ls ikifuatiwa na orodha ya files katika orodha

397
00:27:14,400 --> 00:27:16,310
ambayo amri alias ni kunyongwa,

398
00:27:16,310 --> 00:27:19,180
bila kujali ambapo kwa kweli nia ya kukimbia amri.

399
00:27:19,180 --> 00:27:26,360
Hii ni si wa kutumia kiasi, na quotes moja kuzuia tathmini ya kinyota.

400
00:27:26,360 --> 00:27:30,780
Hivyo tu kupata ufafanuzi kuwa ls g *.

401
00:27:30,780 --> 00:27:35,510
Kisha wakati wewe kukimbia pak, LGS, basi unaweka kwamba nje.

402
00:27:35,510 --> 00:27:40,490
Sasa hakuna quotes, na itakuwa kutathmini kinyota wakati kukimbia amri pak.

403
00:27:40,490 --> 00:27:43,900
Hivyo kwamba ni jambo moja.

404
00:27:43,900 --> 00:27:46,590
Double quotes ingekuwa na athari hiyo hapa,

405
00:27:46,590 --> 00:27:50,580
lakini kuna kesi nyingine ambayo quotes mbili bila kazi vizuri.

406
00:27:50,580 --> 00:27:52,450
>> Hapa ni mtu mwingine.

407
00:27:52,450 --> 00:27:54,270
Unaweza kujua amri Grep.

408
00:27:54,270 --> 00:28:02,110
amri Grep inaweza kutumika kwa Scan faili kwa ajili ya mistari ambayo masharti fulani.

409
00:28:02,110 --> 00:28:10,350
Basi hebu kwenda juu ya hapa na mimi itabidi exit kutoka yangu Bourne shell.

410
00:28:23,570 --> 00:28:25,450
Sawa. Hapa ni file.

411
00:28:25,450 --> 00:28:31,490
Hebu kusema ni Grep abc masharti. Kuna ni.

412
00:28:31,490 --> 00:28:37,930
Kama mimi kufanya Grep zddd, mimi kupata chochote. Sawa.

413
00:28:37,930 --> 00:28:40,960
Hivyo hupata kamba, ni ripoti, haina kupata, haina taarifa.

414
00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:44,930
Ni matokeo line yoyote ambayo ina kamba kwamba juu yake.

415
00:28:44,930 --> 00:28:49,080
Kuna kila aina ya chaguzi hapa ambayo unaweza kupata katika nyaraka.

416
00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:52,160
Hapa ni njia moja ya kufanya hivyo.

417
00:28:52,160 --> 00:29:03,290
Nini kuhusu hii moja, pak grabc 'Grep abc?

418
00:29:03,290 --> 00:29:09,000
Hiyo inaenda pamoja na hoja 1 wakati alias inaelezwa.

419
00:29:09,000 --> 00:29:26,300
Basi, ikiwa mimi kufanya hivyo hapa, sasa kama mimi kufanya grabc,

420
00:29:26,300 --> 00:29:30,620
sasa alias pamoja na zaidi ya amri rahisi. Pia ina hoja.

421
00:29:30,620 --> 00:29:32,190
Hadi sasa kwamba kazi.

422
00:29:32,190 --> 00:29:38,590
Mimi na amri nyingine hapa, hii moja, hivyo wale ni masharti mbalimbali huko

423
00:29:38,590 --> 00:29:46,790
na kuonyesha kwamba hii haina kupata kitu huko tangu haina mechi.

424
00:29:46,790 --> 00:29:56,180
>> Nini kama nataka ni pamoja na katika alias ufafanuzi faili kwamba mimi nina kwenda kutafuta

425
00:29:56,180 --> 00:30:02,970
na mimi nataka kutoa kama hoja ya alias kamba kwamba mimi nina kuangalia kwa?

426
00:30:02,970 --> 00:30:08,040
Mimi kutaka kusema abc kama hoja ya alias yangu,

427
00:30:08,040 --> 00:30:10,870
lakini alias tayari kuamua file.

428
00:30:10,870 --> 00:30:15,710
Na hapo ndipo msemo huu anakuja in

429
00:30:20,430 --> 00:30:25,270
Taarifa hapa tuna Grep tu kama ilivyokuwa kabla.

430
00:30:25,270 --> 00:30:28,130
Tuna file hapa, masharti.

431
00:30:28,130 --> 00:30:35,610
\! ^, Aina ya kujieleza isiyo ya kawaida, nadhani, kama si hii kuona mbele.

432
00:30:35,610 --> 00:30:39,920
Moderators kumweka ni sehemu ya C-shell historia utaratibu.

433
00:30:39,920 --> 00:30:45,220
Ni tunakumbuka amri mapema, tunakumbuka hoja ya amri hizo na kadhalika.

434
00:30:46,760 --> 00:31:01,570
utaratibu historia kutumika kama sehemu ya aliasing.

435
00:31:01,570 --> 00:31:07,390
Kama wewe taja line baada ya mshangao uhakika, rejea kwamba line katika orodha historia,

436
00:31:07,390 --> 00:31:11,910
ambayo sisi si kuingia katika sasa tangu ni mzima mada nyingine.

437
00:31:11,910 --> 00:31:16,280
Inawezekana bayana sehemu ya mstari.

438
00:31:16,280 --> 00:31:22,950
Hivyo! 3:02 itakuwa Hoja ya pili ya amri namba 3.

439
00:31:22,950 --> 00:31:30,430
kareti hapa katika kujieleza hii anasimama kwa hoja ya kwanza.

440
00:31:30,430 --> 00:31:34,410
Kama huna kuwapa dalili ya ambayo amri wewe ni akimaanisha,

441
00:31:34,410 --> 00:31:37,300
lina maana ya amri mara moja uliopita,

442
00:31:37,300 --> 00:31:41,990
na kareti ni ishara ya hoja ya kwanza.

443
00:31:41,990 --> 00:31:46,820
Kwa sababu ni kareti na si idadi, huna haja ya kutumia matumbo,

444
00:31:46,820 --> 00:31:52,660
hivyo! ^ maana hoja ya kwanza kwa amri ya awali.

445
00:31:52,660 --> 00:31:55,020
kidogo mchanganyiko hapa.

446
00:31:55,020 --> 00:31:58,450
Katika kesi hiyo, wakati matumizi ya hii kama alias ufafanuzi,

447
00:31:58,450 --> 00:32:04,650
historia kumbukumbu yanatokana na amri ambayo alias ni kutumika.

448
00:32:04,650 --> 00:32:08,470
Hivyo hii ni kurejea 1 amri kama operesheni historia,

449
00:32:08,470 --> 00:32:11,810
lakini kama operesheni alias inahusu amri katika ambayo ungependa aina,

450
00:32:11,810 --> 00:32:14,780
kusema, grstrings_file.

451
00:32:17,440 --> 00:32:20,240
Tuna quotes hapa ndani yake. Nini backslash kwa?

452
00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:30,810
Katika kesi hiyo, kama mahali pengine, hatutaki kutekeleza utaratibu historia

453
00:32:30,810 --> 00:32:33,680
wakati kufafanua pak.

454
00:32:33,680 --> 00:32:37,900
Kama hatukuwa na backslash huko, shell bila kuvuta katika hoja ya kwanza

455
00:32:37,900 --> 00:32:41,870
amri ya haki kabla ya mbio hii amri alias, ambayo hatutaki.

456
00:32:41,870 --> 00:32:47,520
Tunataka hali hii kujengwa katika amri alias kuwaita katika hoja baadaye.

457
00:32:47,520 --> 00:32:53,550
Single quotes si kutoroka Moderators kumweka, historia ya kumbukumbu.

458
00:32:53,550 --> 00:32:57,450
Labda unajua kutoroka kujieleza maana ya kubadili maana ya kitu fulani.

459
00:32:57,450 --> 00:33:00,260
Katika kesi hiyo, maana ya kuacha kitu kutoka kuwa na maana maalum.

460
00:33:00,260 --> 00:33:03,030
Moderators kumweka ya maana ya pekee ni historia.

461
00:33:03,030 --> 00:33:05,790
Kutoroka na haina maana kwamba.

462
00:33:05,790 --> 00:33:08,080
Quotes kufanya hivyo; backslash gani.

463
00:33:08,080 --> 00:33:11,900
Hivyo sisi ni kweli kwa kutumia ngazi ya 2 ya kukimbia hapa.

464
00:33:23,500 --> 00:33:29,620
Mimi nina kwenda kwa hoja amri hii katika dirisha nyingine bila kuandika ni

465
00:33:29,620 --> 00:33:35,210
kwa kutumia shughuli hizo editing, ambayo unaweza kupata manufaa.

466
00:33:40,620 --> 00:33:42,460
Kitu kingine hapa mimi nitakuonyesha.

467
00:33:42,460 --> 00:33:46,730
Kama wewe tu aina alias na hakuna hoja, anakwambia hoja yako yote.

468
00:33:46,730 --> 00:33:48,640
Hii ni kundi la Majina bandia Mimi tayari alikuwa na hapa

469
00:33:48,640 --> 00:33:53,400
zaidi ya hao nimekuwa kutumia hapa leo.

470
00:33:53,400 --> 00:34:00,220
Lakini kama mimi tu aina kwa jina la bandia, ni anasema mimi nini maana yake.

471
00:34:00,220 --> 00:34:03,390
Taarifa kwamba quotes ni gone na backslash ni gone.

472
00:34:03,390 --> 00:34:08,620
Kamba hii hapa ni matokeo ya kuwa alias ufafanuzi,

473
00:34:08,620 --> 00:34:12,199
na sasa ina tu! ^ ndani yake.

474
00:34:12,199 --> 00:34:19,150
Hii ni kwenda kuangalia katika masharti faili kwa ajili ya kitu chochote.

475
00:34:19,150 --> 00:34:34,900
Basi, ikiwa mimi kufanya masharti grstrings_file, sikuweza kutoa kitu chochote kuangalia kwa huko,

476
00:34:34,900 --> 00:34:37,429
lakini ni kuangalia katika masharti.

477
00:34:37,429 --> 00:34:42,330
Ni hawakuona masharti neno katika masharti ya faili, lakini haina abc kupata.

478
00:34:42,330 --> 00:34:46,770
Na haina kupata hiyo.

479
00:34:46,770 --> 00:34:52,330
Hivyo hapa sisi ni kutoa hoja kwamba hits katika ufafanuzi wa pak,

480
00:34:52,330 --> 00:34:55,530
kwamba ni kuingizwa ndani yake.

481
00:34:55,530 --> 00:34:58,540
Ni wapi msemo huu linatokana.

482
00:34:58,540 --> 00:35:00,240
Unaweza kutumia zaidi ya 1.

483
00:35:00,240 --> 00:35:03,170
kareti ni ishara ya hoja ya kwanza.

484
00:35:03,170 --> 00:35:07,510
Kama alitaka kutumia hoja ya pili, ungekuwa kisha kusema: 2.

485
00:35:07,510 --> 00:35:11,250
Hakuna ishara maalum kwa ajili ya Hoja ya pili.

486
00:35:11,250 --> 00:35:14,790
Na kwa sababu unatumia numeral, ingekuwa kutumia koloni.

487
00:35:14,790 --> 00:35:17,220
Kuna, hata hivyo, uchaguzi mwingine hapa.

488
00:35:17,220 --> 00:35:21,220
ishara ya dola anasimama kwa hoja mwisho.

489
00:35:21,220 --> 00:35:23,320
Na kwa sababu hii ni ishara, unaweza omit koloni.

490
00:35:23,320 --> 00:35:25,870
Hivyo itakuwa hoja mwisho katika orodha.

491
00:35:25,870 --> 00:35:27,900
Na pia kuna kuwa moja.

492
00:35:27,900 --> 00:35:31,380
Kinyota maana wote, hivyo hii ni kamili hoja orodha,

493
00:35:31,380 --> 00:35:35,150
na tena, unaweza omit ya matumbo kwa sababu si numeral.

494
00:35:36,970 --> 00:35:39,950
Natumaini wewe ni wote kufanya maadhimisho haya yote.

495
00:35:39,950 --> 00:35:54,100
>> Utaratibu historia unaweza kwenda nyuma ya mistari mapema katika orodha historia.

496
00:35:54,100 --> 00:36:01,370
Unaweza kufanya hivyo katika alias ufafanuzi.

497
00:36:01,370 --> 00:36:02,950
Sijawahi kuona hii kufanyika.

498
00:36:02,950 --> 00:36:05,840
Itakuwa na athari za kuunganisha nje amri mapema kutokana na orodha historia

499
00:36:05,840 --> 00:36:08,130
wakati nitafanya alias, ambayo inaweza kuwa amri mbalimbali

500
00:36:08,130 --> 00:36:11,240
kulingana na wakati na mahali ambapo nitafanya hivyo.

501
00:36:11,240 --> 00:36:14,020
Conceivably unaweza kutaka kujiondoa kumbukumbu hiyo

502
00:36:14,020 --> 00:36:15,900
tu kujua nini amri mapema mara.

503
00:36:15,900 --> 00:36:17,280
Sijawahi kuona hili kutokea.

504
00:36:17,280 --> 00:36:19,970
Nadhani mtu kutaka, lakini hii ni uwezekano sana.

505
00:36:19,970 --> 00:36:26,480
Kuna kitu kingine hapa.

506
00:36:26,480 --> 00:36:33,060
Kama unaweza kutumia historia ya aina ya kumbukumbu,

507
00:36:33,060 --> 00:36:38,190
kisha tu hoja ambayo kuna kumbukumbu hiyo ni kutumika.

508
00:36:38,190 --> 00:36:42,180
Kama una alias ufafanuzi ambayo haina kutumia historia ya aina ya kumbukumbu,

509
00:36:42,180 --> 00:36:44,060
kama tu inakuwa mwanzo wa amri

510
00:36:44,060 --> 00:36:46,520
na una hoja zaidi, kisha kitu chochote aina baada ya

511
00:36:46,520 --> 00:36:48,450
kuongezwa kwa amri.

512
00:36:48,450 --> 00:36:52,040
Katika kesi hiyo, mfano mimi tu alitoa huko, sisi kutumika hoja ya kwanza;

513
00:36:52,040 --> 00:36:54,610
sisi haikutumia wengine wowote.

514
00:36:54,610 --> 00:36:57,960
Kama hoja nyingine alikuwa amepewa juu ya mstari amri, wao bila kutumika.

515
00:36:57,960 --> 00:37:04,630
Hivyo kama wewe kutumia historia kumbukumbu wakati wote, basi lazima kuitumia kupata hoja yoyote.

516
00:37:04,630 --> 00:37:11,310
>> Kuna kitu kingine hapa nataka tu kutaja, sehemu parenthetically ni,

517
00:37:11,310 --> 00:37:15,250
yaani hii utaratibu historia na Moderators kumweka

518
00:37:15,250 --> 00:37:18,010
huenda nyuma ya awali C-shell.

519
00:37:18,010 --> 00:37:27,060
tcsh ilianzisha shughuli historia

520
00:37:27,060 --> 00:37:30,910
ambayo matumizi aina ya amri na masharti kutoka kwa wahariri,

521
00:37:30,910 --> 00:37:33,650
ama Emacs au vi.

522
00:37:33,650 --> 00:37:36,430
Maoni yangu binafsi ni Emacs ni rahisi kutumia kwa lengo hili

523
00:37:36,430 --> 00:37:39,390
hata kama wewe kutumia vi kwa editing yako ya kawaida.

524
00:37:39,390 --> 00:37:43,900
Kuna amri mbalimbali Emacs ambayo sasa wanaishi kwa historia.

525
00:37:43,900 --> 00:37:46,410
Kudhibiti P anapata line uliopita katika orodha historia.

526
00:37:46,410 --> 00:37:48,840
Mwingine Kudhibiti P kupata wewe moja kabla ya hapo.

527
00:37:48,840 --> 00:37:50,540
mshale juu haina kitu kimoja.

528
00:37:50,540 --> 00:37:54,190
Kudhibiti N anapata amri ijayo kama umefanya tayari scrolled nyuma baadhi ya njia.

529
00:37:54,190 --> 00:37:55,880
Chini arrow gani kwamba pia.

530
00:37:55,880 --> 00:38:00,480
Unaweza hoja kushoto na kulia kwa mishale na mambo mengine mbalimbali.

531
00:38:00,480 --> 00:38:02,390
Hii inaweza kufanya matumizi ya mfumo wa historia

532
00:38:02,390 --> 00:38:05,070
rahisi zaidi kuliko kutumia hatua syntax mshangao,

533
00:38:05,070 --> 00:38:07,930
lakini bila kutumia katika alias ufafanuzi.

534
00:38:17,780 --> 00:38:20,020
Tutaweza kwenda juu kwamba baadhi ya wakati mwingine.

535
00:38:24,300 --> 00:38:25,810
>> Vigezo.

536
00:38:26,880 --> 00:38:29,510
Unajua nini vigezo ni katika lugha ya programu.

537
00:38:29,510 --> 00:38:31,680
shells na wao pia.

538
00:38:31,680 --> 00:38:37,350
C-shell anatumia amri kuweka hawawajui vigezo,

539
00:38:37,350 --> 00:38:41,360
ili seti variable a na thamani ya b -

540
00:38:41,360 --> 00:38:46,390
kama nilivyosema, ufafanuzi maana lakini mfano wa jinsi hii ni kutumika.

541
00:38:48,790 --> 00:38:52,410
seti amri kujenga variable ikiwa haina tayari zipo.

542
00:38:55,270 --> 00:39:02,490
vigezo nafasi hii kwa scripts shell inaweza kuchukuliwa vigezo,

543
00:39:02,490 --> 00:39:10,750
lakini matumizi yao na sheria kwa ajili yao ni tofauti.

544
00:39:10,750 --> 00:39:14,320
Huwezi kuwapa thamani $ 1 katika mwendo wa script.

545
00:39:14,320 --> 00:39:18,340
Ingekuwa kufafanua variable mpya kwa ajili hiyo kama baadhi ya alitaka.

546
00:39:23,000 --> 00:39:28,470
Aina kuweka na hakuna hoja na kupata orodha ya vigezo vyote sasa defined.

547
00:39:28,470 --> 00:39:34,220
Na hebu kupata juu ya shell yangu nyingine hapa na kuona nini sisi kupata kama sisi kufanya hivyo.

548
00:39:34,220 --> 00:39:37,110
Orodha kabisa kwa muda mrefu huko, sawa?

549
00:39:37,110 --> 00:39:40,990
Kitabu juu kidogo. Kuangalia yote hayo.

550
00:39:40,990 --> 00:39:44,330
Baadhi ya mambo haya yanatokana moja kwa moja na shell.

551
00:39:44,330 --> 00:39:49,320
shell inajenga kutofautiana na anatoa ni thamani.

552
00:39:49,320 --> 00:39:52,730
Baadhi yao yanatokana na shell lakini kisha upya kwa mtumiaji

553
00:39:52,730 --> 00:39:54,820
kulingana na matakwa yake.

554
00:39:54,820 --> 00:39:59,110
Na baadhi yao ni kuundwa kwa user kulingana na anachokifanya siku hiyo.

555
00:39:59,110 --> 00:40:01,880
Hiyo ni kuweka na hakuna hoja.

556
00:40:06,920 --> 00:40:10,050
Kuna isiyo ya kawaida kipengele hapa ya jambo hili ni.

557
00:40:10,050 --> 00:40:17,980
Kuna kuwa ama hakuna nafasi kati ya usawa saini na jina variable

558
00:40:17,980 --> 00:40:23,700
na thamani au nafasi kwa pande zote mbili wa usawa ishara,

559
00:40:23,700 --> 00:40:28,940
kama katika hili.

560
00:40:35,620 --> 00:40:41,340
Hii si kazi, na hii kwa kweli ni amri halali

561
00:40:41,340 --> 00:40:43,390
lakini si kufanya nini nia.

562
00:40:43,390 --> 00:40:50,070
Amri ambayo kazi kwa sababu kama wewe tu kusema kuweka na jina variable

563
00:40:50,070 --> 00:40:54,890
na hakuna usawa ishara au kuweka na jina variable na usawa saini na hakuna thamani,

564
00:40:54,890 --> 00:40:57,770
itakuwa kuweka kutofautiana kwa null thamani.

565
00:40:57,770 --> 00:41:00,120
Hivyo kuweka = ni amri halali.

566
00:41:00,120 --> 00:41:04,370
seti amri unaweza kufafanua zaidi ya 1 kutofautiana juu ya mstari huo.

567
00:41:04,370 --> 00:41:11,240
Hivyo amri hii hapa ina athari ya kufafanua wote a na b kwa null maadili.

568
00:41:11,240 --> 00:41:13,470
Pengine si unataka nini.

569
00:41:13,470 --> 00:41:17,940
Hii ni moja ya hapa, hapo awali, itasababisha makosa

570
00:41:17,940 --> 00:41:21,270
kwa sababu = b ni si kujieleza halali.

571
00:41:21,270 --> 00:41:23,680
jina variable haiwezi kuanza kwa usawa ishara.

572
00:41:26,760 --> 00:41:29,080
Na kuna mambo haya kwa undani zaidi hapa.

573
00:41:29,080 --> 00:41:36,820
colons zilitumika kuchagua hoja kutokana na historia ya mistari,

574
00:41:36,820 --> 00:41:41,210
na inaweza kutumika - na mimi hakwenda kabla ya - kurekebisha mambo hayo.

575
00:41:41,210 --> 00:41:44,480
Wao pia inaweza kutumika kurekebisha vigezo shell.

576
00:41:44,480 --> 00:41:49,050
Hii ni moja ya hapa, $, ina thamani ya.

577
00:41:49,050 --> 00:41:55,040
: R kuchukua mbali ugani.

578
00:41:55,040 --> 00:41:57,200
ugani kuwa kitu chochote zifuatazo dot,

579
00:41:57,200 --> 00:41:59,200
dot na kitu chochote zifuatazo mwishoni mwa file,

580
00:41:59,200 --> 00:42:03,230
tu mwishoni mwa orodha baada ya kufyeka mwisho.

581
00:42:03,230 --> 00:42:05,480
Hivyo nina hapa.

582
00:42:05,480 --> 00:42:10,730
a ni kwamba. Ni mapenzi tone. O.

583
00:42:10,730 --> 00:42:16,510
Kama hakuna ugani, tu pathnames baada ya kufyeka mwisho, itakuwa na hakuna athari.

584
00:42:16,510 --> 00:42:27,480
a: h kwamba maelezo kutofautiana, kuchukua mbali ya mwisho ya orodha directory,

585
00:42:27,480 --> 00:42:29,660
tena, tu baada ya kufyeka mwisho.

586
00:42:29,660 --> 00:42:33,160
Hivyo / a / b / c inakuwa / a / b,

587
00:42:33,160 --> 00:42:38,870
lakini hii moja ni iliyopita kwa sababu hiki baada ya orodha ni null.

588
00:42:38,870 --> 00:42:43,070
Hapa kuna kitu ambacho pia nataka kusisitiza.

589
00:42:43,070 --> 00:42:46,770
Kufuzu haya si kutafuta kuwepo kwa files haya.

590
00:42:46,770 --> 00:42:48,910
Wao tu kuangalia kwa masharti.

591
00:42:48,910 --> 00:42:54,520
Hizi ni nia ya kuendesha faili majina, pathnames,

592
00:42:54,520 --> 00:42:57,520
lakini inaweza kutumika juu ya kamba yoyote hata kama si jina la faili.

593
00:42:57,520 --> 00:42:58,920
Na hawana kuangalia kwa kuwepo,

594
00:42:58,920 --> 00:43:03,550
hivyo kama hakuna file hiyo, / / ​​b / c, hii bado kazi.

595
00:43:03,550 --> 00:43:06,930
Kama ni ya matumizi yoyote ni swali jingine, lakini bado kazi.

596
00:43:06,930 --> 00:43:12,850
Vigezo ni tofauti katika shells Bourne. Tutaweza kupata baadaye.

597
00:43:12,850 --> 00:43:18,240
Dollar ishara inaweza alitoroka tu kama Moderators kumweka na kinyota.

598
00:43:18,240 --> 00:43:21,760
Dollar ishara inaweza alitoroka na backslash au quotes moja.

599
00:43:21,760 --> 00:43:24,790
Double quotes kuwa na athari isiyo ya kawaida katika shells wote

600
00:43:24,790 --> 00:43:28,690
ya kulazimisha tathmini ya dola ishara kujieleza kutofautiana.

601
00:43:28,690 --> 00:43:31,960
Hivyo kama ni kuwa alitoroka kwa njia moja, quotes mbili unaweza kuwa na athari

602
00:43:31,960 --> 00:43:34,380
ya kusababisha kuwa ni tathmini anyway.

603
00:43:34,380 --> 00:43:37,090
Hii ni utata kidogo.

604
00:43:37,090 --> 00:43:43,740
Kama kuna ngazi mbalimbali ya kukimbia, kama vile moja quotes ndani ya quotes mbili

605
00:43:43,740 --> 00:43:46,770
au quotes mbili ndani ya quotes moja, unapaswa mtihani kwa kuona nini kitatokea

606
00:43:46,770 --> 00:43:49,520
kwa kutofautiana kama wewe ni kutumia moja.

607
00:43:49,520 --> 00:43:53,410
Wale 2 hali - ndani ya mara mbili ya moja, moja ndani ya mara mbili -

608
00:43:53,410 --> 00:43:55,980
si lazima kukupa matokeo hayo.

609
00:44:02,520 --> 00:44:05,600
Mazingira vigezo, amefungwa vigezo C-shell.

610
00:44:05,600 --> 00:44:08,340
Mazingira vigezo pia ni vigezo katika C-shell,

611
00:44:08,340 --> 00:44:11,250
na wao pia ni vigezo katika shells mengine pia.

612
00:44:11,250 --> 00:44:15,230
Katika C-shell, wao ni seti tofauti.

613
00:44:15,230 --> 00:44:18,130
mambo mimi alikuwa akisema kabla ya ni kuhusu vigezo shell.

614
00:44:18,130 --> 00:44:21,300
Mazingira vigezo ni kuweka tofauti ya vigezo

615
00:44:21,300 --> 00:44:28,650
na ubaguzi wa vigezo kadhaa ambayo sisi kuwaita amefungwa vigezo,

616
00:44:28,650 --> 00:44:30,640
ambayo ni muhimu sana na tutaweza kupata katika wale baadaye.

617
00:44:30,640 --> 00:44:34,950
Mazingira vigezo ni moja kwa moja kupita juu ya

618
00:44:34,950 --> 00:44:41,800
kwa shells au amri kwamba ni kukimbia kutoka shell yako.

619
00:44:41,800 --> 00:44:46,220
mambo mengine ni si. vigezo shell, Majina bandia si. Mazingira vigezo ni.

620
00:44:46,220 --> 00:44:48,630
Hiyo ni kwa nini sisi kuwaita vigezo mazingira,

621
00:44:48,630 --> 00:44:55,030
wazo kuwa kuwa mazingira hadi siku za nyuma tu shell yako ya sasa.

622
00:44:55,030 --> 00:45:00,510
Inaweza kutumika kwa kufafanua mambo kwa amri.

623
00:45:00,510 --> 00:45:05,470
Hapa ni mfano. PRINTER, LPDEST.

624
00:45:05,470 --> 00:45:12,270
Wote wa vigezo wale unaweza kufafanua printer kwamba amri kutumia magazeti mambo.

625
00:45:12,270 --> 00:45:16,500
Kama una Printers nyingi duniani, unaweza kutaka kuweka moja wewe kama.

626
00:45:16,500 --> 00:45:21,320
sababu tuna 2 vigezo ni kwamba seti tofauti ya amri ziliandikwa

627
00:45:21,320 --> 00:45:23,870
kwa kutumia vigezo tofauti hizi.

628
00:45:23,870 --> 00:45:25,910
Unaweza kuwapa maadili tofauti.

629
00:45:25,910 --> 00:45:28,860
Uwezekano mkubwa wewe utakuwa kuwapa wote thamani sawa.

630
00:45:28,860 --> 00:45:35,840
Mambo hayo kazi kwa sababu amri hiyo kufanya uchapishaji

631
00:45:35,840 --> 00:45:40,740
walikuwa iliyowekwa kuchunguza maadili ya vigezo hivi.

632
00:45:42,200 --> 00:45:46,150
Kama mpango Haikuandikwa kwa njia hiyo, ikiwa ni kwa njia ya maandishi kitu kingine,

633
00:45:46,150 --> 00:45:48,280
variable itakuwa lisilo na maana.

634
00:45:48,280 --> 00:45:52,530
Hivyo mfumo wa uendeshaji si kuangalia kwa vigezo hivi

635
00:45:52,530 --> 00:45:55,210
kila wakati rejea printer.

636
00:45:55,210 --> 00:45:59,090
amri kwamba hana uchapishaji ni kutafuta vigezo hivi kama ni iliyowekwa kwa njia hiyo.

637
00:46:11,030 --> 00:46:15,240
Vigezo hivi ni mara nyingi hufafanuliwa katika mafaili yako initialization

638
00:46:15,240 --> 00:46:19,440
lakini siyo lazima.

639
00:46:19,440 --> 00:46:21,050
Unaweza kufafanua yao juu ya mstari amri.

640
00:46:21,050 --> 00:46:24,090
Wanaweza kuelezwa katika amri.

641
00:46:24,090 --> 00:46:28,740
amri kwamba anaendesha kitu wanaweza kuwa uteuzi wake wa vigezo -

642
00:46:28,740 --> 00:46:32,390
vigezo kuwa ni ya kipekee na hasa programu ya mfuko, kwa mfano.

643
00:46:32,390 --> 00:46:36,740
Wao kuelezwa wakati wewe kukimbia ya mfuko huo.

644
00:46:39,690 --> 00:46:42,680
Ni jinsi gani vigezo hivi kupita ndogo ya shell?

645
00:46:42,680 --> 00:46:48,210
Wakati ndogo-shell imeandikwa, haina kuandika katika eneo hilo.

646
00:46:48,210 --> 00:46:53,260
eneo la ndogo-shell kuwa ni kujitoa kwa mazingira vigezo

647
00:46:53,260 --> 00:46:56,450
si iliyoandikwa na ndogo-shell; imeandikwa na kuiga.

648
00:46:56,450 --> 00:47:00,530
Wakati kukimbia amri ya kawaida, kama vile amri hizi na magazeti au chochote,

649
00:47:00,530 --> 00:47:03,840
wao kuanza mbali na kujenga shell mpya.

650
00:47:03,840 --> 00:47:06,190
shell inajenga shell na kisha overwrites sehemu yake

651
00:47:06,190 --> 00:47:08,800
na amri kwamba wewe ni mbio, ambayo ni utata kidogo,

652
00:47:08,800 --> 00:47:10,740
lakini hiyo ni jinsi amri hizi kupata mazingira vigezo

653
00:47:10,740 --> 00:47:14,890
kwamba wao kisha rejea baadaye.

654
00:47:21,920 --> 00:47:28,010
amri hapa kwa ajili ya zoezi setenv kutofautiana.

655
00:47:28,010 --> 00:47:36,470
Hiyo ni jinsi gani unaweza kufafanua yake. Ni 3 vipengele: setenv, kutofautiana, thamani.

656
00:47:36,470 --> 00:47:44,710
Kama wewe tu setenv na hakuna hoja, je, kupata?

657
00:47:47,220 --> 00:47:48,810
orodha ya yote ya vigezo hizo.

658
00:47:48,810 --> 00:47:53,190
Tena, ni nzuri kwa muda mrefu orodha na katika kesi hii, kama kwa wengine,

659
00:47:53,190 --> 00:47:57,320
vigezo hivi yanatokana kwa kiasi kikubwa na operesheni yangu kuingia na shell yenyewe

660
00:47:57,320 --> 00:47:59,740
badala ya kitu chochote mimi.

661
00:47:59,740 --> 00:48:03,580
Kuna amri nyingine hapa, printenv.

662
00:48:07,520 --> 00:48:10,340
Hiyo pia Prints nje ya mazingira.

663
00:48:10,340 --> 00:48:15,240
Taarifa jambo hili mwisho hapa, EDITOR = vi.

664
00:48:15,240 --> 00:48:21,120
Kwamba anasema kwamba kama mimi nina kutumia kitu ambacho wito mhariri

665
00:48:21,120 --> 00:48:25,530
na mimi si bayana mhariri na inaruhusu me uchaguzi, inaweza kutoa me vi.

666
00:48:25,530 --> 00:48:37,280
Nini kama mimi kufanya printenv mhariri? Ni anasema mimi ni nini.

667
00:48:37,280 --> 00:48:41,340
Haki kabla ya hapo, kulikuwa na kutofautiana, chini.

668
00:48:41,340 --> 00:48:46,040
Hizi ni defaults yako chaguzi wakati mimi kukimbia amri chini,

669
00:48:46,040 --> 00:48:49,360
ambayo inaonyesha files.

670
00:48:49,360 --> 00:48:55,910
Basi, ikiwa mimi kufanya hivyo, printenv wanaweza kuchukua 1 hoja au 0 hoja,

671
00:48:55,910 --> 00:48:58,070
si zaidi ya 1.

672
00:49:01,800 --> 00:49:05,690
Kuna amri nyingine pia, lakini sisi siyo kwenda kupata katika leo kwamba wote.

673
00:49:05,690 --> 00:49:11,010
Kumbuka kulikuwa na modifiers kwa vigezo shell kama: h,

674
00:49:11,010 --> 00:49:14,350
ambayo zitashuka ya mwisho ya pathname,

675
00:49:14,350 --> 00:49:17,950
au: r, ambayo itakuwa tone ugani.

676
00:49:17,950 --> 00:49:23,110
Sasa wale kuomba kwa mazingira vigezo pia. Hawakuwa kutumika.

677
00:49:23,110 --> 00:49:24,960
Ni kutumika kuwa hawakuweza kuwa iliyopita. Sasa wanaweza kuwa.

678
00:49:24,960 --> 00:49:29,190
Ni moja ya maendeleo na maendeleo ya shells zaidi ya miaka.

679
00:49:29,190 --> 00:49:35,620
Mimi alikuwa akisema kwamba shells kama sehemu ya mazingira

680
00:49:35,620 --> 00:49:43,040
na vigezo shell katika C-shell ni, isipokuwa kwa baadhi, seti tofauti.

681
00:49:43,040 --> 00:49:46,790
Unaweza kuanzisha variable mazingira na kutofautiana shell kwa jina moja.

682
00:49:46,790 --> 00:49:49,220
Watakuwa vigezo mbalimbali; wao wanaweza kuwa na maadili mbalimbali.

683
00:49:49,220 --> 00:49:53,090
Kubadilisha thamani ya moja si mabadiliko thamani ya nyingine.

684
00:49:53,090 --> 00:49:58,070
Vigezo Haya yote ni tathmini na ishara ya dola - $, $ chochote.

685
00:49:58,070 --> 00:50:02,340
Basi nini kama una hii? Je unajua moja kupata?

686
00:50:02,340 --> 00:50:04,520
Katika vipimo yangu I got variable shell,

687
00:50:04,520 --> 00:50:07,240
lakini hii si kumbukumbu na huwezi kutegemea juu ya hilo.

688
00:50:07,240 --> 00:50:10,270
Basi, mimi kuuliza wewe, ni kujenga shell na mazingira vigezo

689
00:50:10,270 --> 00:50:13,490
kwa majina moja wazo zuri? Hakuna Sawa.

690
00:50:13,490 --> 00:50:17,460
Ni wale isipokuwa kuu ambayo mazingira na shell vigezo gani

691
00:50:17,460 --> 00:50:19,860
ni wanaohusishwa na kila mmoja?

692
00:50:19,860 --> 00:50:27,470
Kuna hizi 4.

693
00:50:32,030 --> 00:50:35,510
Capital barua mazingira MREFU variable,

694
00:50:35,510 --> 00:50:41,540
shell variable mrefu katika barua ndogo, aina ya terminal wivu.

695
00:50:41,540 --> 00:50:47,430
Mimi tu kwenda juu hapa na mimi nina kwenda kufanya echo, amri muhimu hapa,

696
00:50:47,430 --> 00:50:52,560
$ $ MREFU mrefu. Na pale.

697
00:50:52,560 --> 00:51:00,570
xterm ni aina terminal kwa madirisha kuonyeshwa katika x Window System.

698
00:51:00,570 --> 00:51:04,330
xterm-rangi ni tofauti ya kwamba inaruhusu rangi tofauti.

699
00:51:04,330 --> 00:51:06,580
Kwa nini sisi kufafanua haya? Hii ni nini nzuri kwa ajili ya?

700
00:51:06,580 --> 00:51:09,740
Amri hiyo upya screen kama mhariri

701
00:51:09,740 --> 00:51:13,680
kutuma Utaratibu fulani, aitwaye Utaratibu wa kutoroka,

702
00:51:13,680 --> 00:51:18,160
kwa terminal au dirisha upya yake na kadhalika.

703
00:51:18,160 --> 00:51:20,990
Utaratibu wa wale ni tofauti kwa aina tofauti ya vituo.

704
00:51:20,990 --> 00:51:23,100
Hii inaonyesha ni ambayo ndio kutumia.

705
00:51:23,100 --> 00:51:25,900
Wakati mwingine kuna masuala huko.

706
00:51:25,900 --> 00:51:28,600
Unaweza kutaka mabadiliko hayo.

707
00:51:28,600 --> 00:51:30,780
Kama mambo si kazi, wakati mwingine aina terminal ni kuweka sahihi,

708
00:51:30,780 --> 00:51:36,440
unaweza kuwa na uwezo wa kurekebisha na upya mrefu kutofautiana.

709
00:51:36,440 --> 00:51:43,420
Katika kesi hizi, kubadilisha variable moja, kutofautiana mazingira au kutofautiana shell,

710
00:51:43,420 --> 00:51:45,970
wanapaswa kubadilika mtu mwingine.

711
00:51:45,970 --> 00:51:50,970
Nimekuwa aligundua njia ya uzoefu kwamba mabadiliko ya MREFU katika mji mkuu wa barua

712
00:51:50,970 --> 00:51:54,060
haina daima mabadiliko shell variable mrefu katika barua ndogo.

713
00:51:54,060 --> 00:51:55,550
Hii ni mdudu.

714
00:51:55,550 --> 00:51:59,400
Sijui kama kwamba ni kweli daima. Zaidi ya muda si kweli, lakini inaweza kuwa.

715
00:51:59,400 --> 00:52:02,490
Hivyo kama wewe kufanya mabadiliko, kuangalia tu kuwa nje.

716
00:52:02,490 --> 00:52:05,830
Ni mara nyingi kwamba unahitaji kubadilisha thamani hiyo, lakini mara moja katika wakati wewe kufanya.

717
00:52:05,830 --> 00:52:08,260
Mazingira variable USER.

718
00:52:08,260 --> 00:52:12,070
Tena, mazingira variable katika mji mkuu wa barua, shell variable katika barua ndogo.

719
00:52:12,070 --> 00:52:13,710
Hii ni jina lako.

720
00:52:13,710 --> 00:52:16,730
Ni tu chini ya hali ya kipekee sana

721
00:52:16,730 --> 00:52:18,420
kuwa wewe unataka kubadili hali hiyo.

722
00:52:18,420 --> 00:52:22,350
Kama jina lako ni mtu mwingine, inaweza kutupa kila aina ya mambo mbali.

723
00:52:22,350 --> 00:52:26,040
Nyumbani directory, mtumiaji nyumbani directory.

724
00:52:26,040 --> 00:52:28,060
Tena, wewe si unataka kubadili hali hiyo.

725
00:52:28,060 --> 00:52:32,260
Taarifa katika matukio haya yote na moja kwamba sisi ni juu ya bima, njia variable,

726
00:52:32,260 --> 00:52:37,070
variable mazingira ni katika mji mkuu wa barua na amefungwa shell variable ni katika barua ndogo.

727
00:52:37,070 --> 00:52:39,240
Kama mabadiliko ya moja, unapaswa kubadili nyingine.

728
00:52:39,240 --> 00:52:45,960
Aina hii ya kisheria haiwezi kuwa imara kama huwezi kumfunga 2 vigezo,

729
00:52:45,960 --> 00:52:50,570
kingine chochote zaidi ya hizi 4, na kisheria katika vigezo hivi hauwezi kutenguliwa,

730
00:52:50,570 --> 00:52:52,090
huwezi kutenganisha yao.

731
00:52:52,090 --> 00:52:55,820
Basi hao jozi 4 ya vigezo ni amefungwa.

732
00:52:55,820 --> 00:52:59,020
Wao daima itakuwa. Hakuna wengine itakuwa.

733
00:52:59,020 --> 00:53:05,720
Aidha, itakuwa inawezekana kujenga vigezo na majina sawa

734
00:53:05,720 --> 00:53:07,780
ya aina tofauti.

735
00:53:07,780 --> 00:53:11,600
Unaweza kufanya shell variable mrefu katika barua ndogo

736
00:53:11,600 --> 00:53:14,990
au mazingira variable MREFU katika herufi kubwa.

737
00:53:14,990 --> 00:53:19,040
Wale vigezo itakuwa huru wa mambo haya vilivyooanishwa

738
00:53:19,040 --> 00:53:20,780
na wangeweza kuwa na uhuru wa kila mmoja.

739
00:53:20,780 --> 00:53:23,780
Siwezi kufikiria nini ungependa kufanya hivyo kama unataka kuwachanganya watu.

740
00:53:24,600 --> 00:53:29,730
Hii ni moja ya hapa, njia variable, hii ni moja muhimu.

741
00:53:29,730 --> 00:53:35,550
Jambo jingine hapa ni kwamba kuna inaweza kuwa kesi

742
00:53:35,550 --> 00:53:40,430
ya vigezo na majina sawa paired ambayo si amefungwa kwa kila mmoja.

743
00:53:40,430 --> 00:53:45,000
Kuna inaweza kuwa vigezo, SHELL na shell, katika mji mkuu na ndogo barua.

744
00:53:45,000 --> 00:53:48,300
Kulingana na jina kwamba, sijui kama kwamba kutofautiana ni variable shell

745
00:53:48,300 --> 00:53:51,580
au kutofautiana mazingira, na siyo wajibu wa kila mmoja.

746
00:53:51,580 --> 00:53:55,300
Ili aina ya majina vilivyooanishwa haimaanishi amefungwa vigezo.

747
00:53:55,300 --> 00:53:58,830
variable njia, ambayo nilikuwa kuonyesha kabla,

748
00:53:58,830 --> 00:54:01,880
ni orodha ya pathnames ambayo shell inaonekana kwa amri.

749
00:54:01,880 --> 00:54:12,320
Hebu kupata juu ya dirisha hili hapa na tutaweza kufanya $ echo PATH, barua mji mkuu -

750
00:54:12,320 --> 00:54:20,230
variable mazingira - echo $ njia, barua ndogo - shell kutofautiana.

751
00:54:20,230 --> 00:54:24,980
Taarifa kwamba orodha ya directories ni sawa. Hizi ni amefungwa.

752
00:54:24,980 --> 00:54:26,590
Mabadiliko ya moja, mabadiliko ya nyingine.

753
00:54:26,590 --> 00:54:32,970
Katika kutofautiana mazingira mambo ni kutengwa na colons. Taarifa hiyo.

754
00:54:32,970 --> 00:54:35,130
vigezo shell ni kutengwa na nafasi.

755
00:54:35,130 --> 00:54:38,760
Variable hii mazingira ni kamba moja.

756
00:54:38,760 --> 00:54:41,480
variable shell ni safu.

757
00:54:41,480 --> 00:54:43,490
Bourne shell hawakuwa na arrays.

758
00:54:43,490 --> 00:54:46,600
Bash gani, lakini tayari hii ni sehemu ya kudumu ya shell.

759
00:54:46,600 --> 00:54:48,660
Hii ni kamba moja na si safu.

760
00:54:48,660 --> 00:54:50,420
C-shell daima alikuwa arrays.

761
00:54:50,420 --> 00:54:52,630
arrays ni rahisi sana kufanya kazi pamoja.

762
00:54:52,630 --> 00:54:54,400
Unaweza kutaja sehemu hizo.

763
00:54:54,400 --> 00:55:02,350
Hivyo echo $ njia [1] na mimi kupata / usr / bin, hiki kwanza.

764
00:55:02,350 --> 00:55:09,950
Tena, kumbuka dola ishara anasimama kwa kipengele cha mwisho cha orodha historia.

765
00:55:09,950 --> 00:55:16,850
Nini kinatokea huko? Ni walijaribu kutafuta ishara ya dola kama ishara ya kutofautiana.

766
00:55:16,850 --> 00:55:20,850
Mimi kutoroka. Oops. Itakuwa si kuchukua aidha.

767
00:55:20,850 --> 00:55:23,690
Baadhi ya mambo haya si kazi vizuri.

768
00:55:23,690 --> 00:55:28,140
Labda tutaweza kuondoka tu kwamba nje.

769
00:55:28,140 --> 00:55:36,980
Kinyota inahusu jambo zima, lakini hiyo ni nini kupata kama huna bayana hiki.

770
00:55:36,980 --> 00:55:46,170
Njia nyingine ya kuwa safu vigezo inaweza kuwa manipulated,

771
00:55:46,170 --> 00:55:49,500
idadi ya vipengele huko, 7 vipengele.

772
00:55:49,500 --> 00:55:53,410
Hapa sisi kuweka chupa ishara kabla ya jina kutofautiana.

773
00:55:53,410 --> 00:55:58,280
Hapa ni mtu mwingine. Kuweka alama swali huko.

774
00:55:58,280 --> 00:56:03,170
Hiyo ni thamani ya akili. Hiyo inaonyesha kwamba variable lipo.

775
00:56:03,170 --> 00:56:05,160
Ni njia nyingine ya kufanya kazi na vigezo.

776
00:56:05,160 --> 00:56:06,660
Kwamba, kwa njia, hana kuwa safu kutofautiana.

777
00:56:06,660 --> 00:56:08,210
Hiyo inaweza kuwa kutofautiana yoyote.

778
00:56:08,210 --> 00:56:11,840
Na kama mimi, hakuna kutofautiana kama na mimi kupata 0.

779
00:56:11,840 --> 00:56:14,990
Jambo jingine kidogo hapo kuhusu tathmini kutofautiana.

780
00:56:23,670 --> 00:56:32,950
Nyuma na hii hapa, kama kwa sababu baadhi alitaka kufanya kazi na hii

781
00:56:32,950 --> 00:56:37,990
badala ya kufanya kazi na safu, variable shell,

782
00:56:37,990 --> 00:56:41,470
kuna amri ambayo inaweza tofauti mambo haya ya msingi juu ya koloni.

783
00:56:41,470 --> 00:56:44,080
Kwa kweli, kama wewe ni kwenda kwa kuwa kufanya hivyo katika Bash shell pengine,

784
00:56:44,080 --> 00:56:47,110
baadhi ya aina ya script, ambayo itakuwa pengine jinsi gani kufanya hivyo.

785
00:56:47,110 --> 00:56:50,350
Lakini katika C-shell ni rahisi kutumia safu.

786
00:56:50,350 --> 00:56:58,250
Katika Bourne shell, vigezo ni kupewa na kujieleza moja kama hii,

787
00:56:58,250 --> 00:57:01,760
kama njia unaweza hawawajui variable katika lugha ya programu,

788
00:57:01,760 --> 00:57:05,110
na hapa lazima kuna kuwa hakuna nafasi.

789
00:57:05,110 --> 00:57:09,110
Ni muhimu kwamba kuwa string 1 tu.

790
00:57:09,110 --> 00:57:14,980
Katika shells Bourne-aina, vigezo vyote ni vigezo shell.

791
00:57:14,980 --> 00:57:19,250
Mazingira vigezo ni subset ya vigezo shell.

792
00:57:19,250 --> 00:57:24,060
Wao wanajulikana kutoka mashirika yasiyo ya mazingira vigezo na nje ya nchi.

793
00:57:24,060 --> 00:57:28,860
amri ya kufanya hivyo ni kuuza nje, kama mauzo ya nje PRINTER.

794
00:57:28,860 --> 00:57:34,930
Kama tulikuwa na kufafanua kama variable,

795
00:57:34,930 --> 00:57:38,480
kama sisi alitaka amri kuchapa kupata hiyo, ingekuwa kuwa tofauti mazingira,

796
00:57:38,480 --> 00:57:40,730
na kwamba ni jinsi gani sisi kufanya hivyo ni moja.

797
00:57:40,730 --> 00:57:42,090
Hapa kuna kitu aina ya utata.

798
00:57:42,090 --> 00:57:50,430
Msemo huu, nje ya mazingira, hupata kutoka Bourne shell dhana hii,

799
00:57:50,430 --> 00:57:54,520
na bado kwamba kujieleza ni kutumika katika maelezo ya C-shell,

800
00:57:54,520 --> 00:57:57,920
ambapo hakuna amri kama vile nje ya nchi.

801
00:57:57,920 --> 00:58:06,200
Kama wewe tu kusema kuuza nje kwa wenyewe, unaweza kupata orodha ya kuuza nje -

802
00:58:06,200 --> 00:58:10,620
Basi, ikiwa mimi tu kufanya mauzo ya nje hapa, hakuna kitu kama hicho.

803
00:58:13,620 --> 00:58:15,200
Sawa, kuna sisi kwenda.

804
00:58:15,200 --> 00:58:17,010
Mambo haya, kwa njia, pia inavyoelezwa na shell.

805
00:58:17,010 --> 00:58:19,400
Mimi haikufafanua yoyote ya hizi kwa mwenyewe.

806
00:58:19,400 --> 00:58:23,550
shell gani kila aina ya mambo kwa yenyewe.

807
00:58:23,550 --> 00:58:26,650
Ni lazima kufanya mambo moja kwa moja.

808
00:58:30,240 --> 00:58:36,880
Katika Bash au Korn shell, unaweza kukimbia amri kama hii,

809
00:58:36,880 --> 00:58:42,000
ambayo wote kutoa variable thamani na kuuza nje katika 1 amri.

810
00:58:42,000 --> 00:58:46,150
Katika shell Bourne wao kuwa amri tofauti kama mauzo ya nje a.

811
00:58:46,150 --> 00:58:48,410
Hapa ni lingine kwamba utata.

812
00:58:48,410 --> 00:58:52,220
seti amri katika C-shell amefafanua vigezo

813
00:58:52,220 --> 00:58:55,550
na hakuna hoja atakwambia nini maadili vigezo 'ni.

814
00:58:55,550 --> 00:59:01,140
Katika Bash shell, kuweka amri na hakuna hoja haina kitu kimoja,

815
00:59:01,140 --> 00:59:03,580
lakini kwa hoja yake haina kitu tofauti kabisa.

816
00:59:03,580 --> 00:59:06,200
Basi hizi ni hoja mbalimbali hapa.

817
00:59:06,200 --> 00:59:10,460
Baadhi ya hizi ni vigezo mazingira, baadhi yao ni vigezo shell.

818
00:59:10,460 --> 00:59:13,200
Wote ni vigezo shell kweli. Baadhi ya watu ni vigezo mazingira.

819
00:59:15,690 --> 00:59:23,920
kuweka amri kwa hoja inaweza kutumika kwa kazi

820
00:59:23,920 --> 00:59:28,220
juu ya vigezo nafasi hii kwa script,

821
00:59:28,220 --> 00:59:33,910
ambayo ni njia ya kupata yao yote kwa mara moja.

822
00:59:33,910 --> 00:59:36,150
Hatuwezi kweli kwenda katika kwamba leo.

823
00:59:36,150 --> 00:59:39,580
Ni pia inaweza kutumika na mabadiliko ya tabia shell.

824
00:59:39,580 --> 00:59:46,700
Hasa katika Bash kuna vigezo ambayo itaonyesha jinsi gani shell kutenda.

825
00:59:46,700 --> 00:59:51,310
Kisha pia tu hii amri moja kwamba unaweza kuona, amri hii.

826
00:59:51,310 --> 00:59:59,050
Kutayarisha chapa na kufuatiwa na vigezo na aina variable ni kutumika katika Korn na Bash shells.

827
00:59:59,050 --> 01:00:04,970
Siyo lazima lakini inaweza kutumika kuzuia maadili ya vigezo,

828
01:00:04,970 --> 01:00:08,400
ambayo inaweza kuwa na manufaa kwa kuzuia makosa, na ni haki ya kawaida.

829
01:00:08,400 --> 01:00:11,640
Hivyo mimi nina kutaja tu kwamba katika kesi unaweza kuona ni mahali fulani.

830
01:00:17,290 --> 01:00:19,160
ambapo amri.

831
01:00:19,160 --> 01:00:22,490
Kumbuka nilivyosema hapo awali ambapo amri katika C-shell,

832
01:00:22,490 --> 01:00:28,750
ambayo inaweza kuwaambia eneo la amri pathname.

833
01:00:28,750 --> 01:00:32,580
Hapa ni amri badala.

834
01:00:32,580 --> 01:00:41,900
Unapaswa kupata juu ya keyboard yako mahali tabia ambayo inaonekana kama hii.

835
01:00:41,900 --> 01:00:44,910
eneo juu ya keyboard ni kwenda kutofautiana.

836
01:00:44,910 --> 01:00:47,050
Tumekuwa kuitwa kuwa ni backquote. Ni juu ya ukubwa wa kunukuu.

837
01:00:47,050 --> 01:00:48,720
Unaendelea kutoka upande wa kushoto juu ya kupunguza haki.

838
01:00:48,720 --> 01:00:52,690
Hapa juu ya Mac keyboard wangu ni katika sehemu ya juu upande wa kushoto kona.

839
01:00:52,690 --> 01:00:58,150
Tabia ya ambayo inaweza kutumika kutekeleza amri ndani ya amri.

840
01:00:58,150 --> 01:01:03,400
Kama una kujieleza ndani ya backquotes,

841
01:01:03,400 --> 01:01:07,080
kwamba kujieleza ni amri, ni kukimbia.

842
01:01:07,080 --> 01:01:09,010
pato la amri hiyo

843
01:01:09,010 --> 01:01:11,980
basi ni badala ya zima backquote kujieleza

844
01:01:11,980 --> 01:01:16,110
ndani ya amri tena ambayo kisha anaendesha kwa pato kwamba

845
01:01:16,110 --> 01:01:22,010
kama sehemu ya kamba yake ya hoja na kadhalika.

846
01:01:22,010 --> 01:01:28,640
Hapa ni amri ambayo inatumia hiyo.

847
01:01:28,640 --> 01:01:32,340
Hebu kuonyesha kazi hapa.

848
01:01:44,980 --> 01:01:49,090
Hebu kwenda juu hapa, kuchukua backquotes.

849
01:01:49,090 --> 01:01:54,410
Kudhibiti A anapata mimi kwa mwanzo wa mstari kwa Emacs editing syntax.

850
01:01:54,410 --> 01:02:00,380
Hadi sasa pathnames ni nini wapi,

851
01:02:00,380 --> 01:02:05,040
lakini wakati mimi kufanya hivyo kama hii, basi plugs katika orodha ya pathnames

852
01:02:05,040 --> 01:02:08,750
katika nafasi ya backquote hii yote kujieleza na anaendesha ls-l juu yao.

853
01:02:08,750 --> 01:02:11,120
Aina ya urahisi, huh?

854
01:02:11,120 --> 01:02:14,860
Ili jambo moja nadhifu. Hiyo ni jinsi backquotes kazi.

855
01:02:14,860 --> 01:02:17,560
Sasa hebu kwenda chini kidogo zaidi.

856
01:02:17,560 --> 01:02:22,050
Hizi ni Majina bandia. Mimi kwa kweli kutumia haya.

857
01:02:22,050 --> 01:02:26,410
Nitajaribu kupata katika huu na 1 editing kazi.

858
01:02:34,900 --> 01:02:36,900
Sawa.

859
01:02:36,900 --> 01:02:39,630
Sasa hebu angalia jinsi ufafanuzi wale akatoka.

860
01:02:39,630 --> 01:02:44,930
alias lwh akiniambia jinsi gani huo.

861
01:02:44,930 --> 01:02:51,210
Taarifa ni huu tu, lakini quotes nje zimechukuliwa mbali

862
01:02:51,210 --> 01:02:53,750
na Moderators kumweka ni kuchukuliwa mbali.

863
01:02:53,750 --> 01:02:58,940
! *, Orodha kamili ya hoja zote.

864
01:02:58,940 --> 01:03:03,580
Katika alias ufafanuzi itakuwa kuomba nyuma ambapo mimi kutumia hii.

865
01:03:03,580 --> 01:03:10,620
lwh ksh bash. Sawa.

866
01:03:10,620 --> 01:03:13,960
Kuona jinsi kazi? Ni anaokoa mimi baadhi ya kuandika.

867
01:03:13,960 --> 01:03:16,440
Hebu kwenda juu kidogo tu kutaja kitu kingine hapa.

868
01:03:19,150 --> 01:03:23,120
Taarifa hapa shells hizi tofauti. Mimi lazima zilizotajwa hii kabla ya.

869
01:03:23,120 --> 01:03:36,060
CSH ina 2 juu ya hapa na hivyo haina / bin / tcsh.

870
01:03:36,060 --> 01:03:39,870
Tunaweza kuanzisha kwa njia nyingine kwamba wale ni kweli faili moja.

871
01:03:39,870 --> 01:03:43,150
Kumbuka mimi alikuwa akisema kama aina sh kupata bash.

872
01:03:43,150 --> 01:03:47,390
Aina hii na wewe kupata hii.

873
01:03:47,390 --> 01:03:51,730
Lakini wale si zinazoungwa. Wale na ndio moja huko.

874
01:03:51,730 --> 01:03:54,910
Na hii si aina ya faili ambayo wanaweza kupiga mtu mwingine.

875
01:03:54,910 --> 01:03:59,460
Basi hizo files tofauti, wale C-shell ni faili moja.

876
01:03:59,460 --> 01:04:03,640
Nyuma hapa chini, mtu mwingine hapa, pak hii,

877
01:04:03,640 --> 01:04:09,090
kumbuka kuwa mbio amri hii, file.

878
01:04:09,090 --> 01:04:13,810
Alias ​​kwamba anaendesha hiyo. Picha atakwambia aina ya faili.

879
01:04:13,810 --> 01:04:20,330
Hivyo fwh ksh bash. Sawa.

880
01:04:20,330 --> 01:04:23,230
Hiyo ni matokeo ya amri file.

881
01:04:23,230 --> 01:04:24,630
Sijui kama unajua nini maana ya hii hapa,

882
01:04:24,630 --> 01:04:26,750
Mach-O wote binary na 2 architectures.

883
01:04:26,750 --> 01:04:30,470
Kuna 2 iwezekanavyo aina processor katika Mac,

884
01:04:30,470 --> 01:04:34,780
na baadhi ya mipango ya yaliandikwa kuwa na uwezo wa kukimbia na wote wawili,

885
01:04:34,780 --> 01:04:37,950
na amri faili inaweza kuamua kwamba, hivyo kwamba ni nini maana ya hii.

886
01:04:37,950 --> 01:04:40,660
Wote files hayo yalikuwa yameandikwa kwa njia hiyo.

887
01:04:40,660 --> 01:04:43,760
Hivyo tunaona jinsi alias kazi, tunaona jinsi backquote kazi,

888
01:04:43,760 --> 01:04:48,640
tunaona jinsi ls halisi file au faili kazi.

889
01:04:52,050 --> 01:04:57,000
Hii inaweza si kazi. Jaribu "ambapo ambapo" na "lwh ambapo". Okay, hebu jaribu hiyo.

890
01:04:57,000 --> 01:05:01,040
ambapo ambapo.

891
01:05:01,040 --> 01:05:03,500
ambapo ni shell kujengwa katika.

892
01:05:03,500 --> 01:05:06,970
Kumbuka mapema sisi ilionyesha kuwa Bash hawakuwa na wapi.

893
01:05:06,970 --> 01:05:10,080
Kama aina ambapo katika Bash shell, unaweza kupata ujumbe wa kosa.

894
01:05:10,080 --> 01:05:12,540
Ni sehemu tu ya shell badala ya kuwa amri tofauti.

895
01:05:12,540 --> 01:05:20,000
Nini kinatokea kama mimi aina lwh kuangalia kwa wapi? Kuona nini kinatokea huko.

896
01:05:20,000 --> 01:05:22,850
Mbio ambapo ambapo, got pato huu, na kisha alijaribu kukimbia ls

897
01:05:22,850 --> 01:05:25,600
kama l juu ya mahali ambapo ni shell kujengwa katika.

898
01:05:25,600 --> 01:05:28,790
ambapo ni pale, lakini wale wengine hazipo.

899
01:05:28,790 --> 01:05:32,090
Hakuna hizi zipo, kwa kweli.

900
01:05:32,090 --> 01:05:35,560
Ili haifanyi kazi, na pia unaeleza jinsi gani baadhi ya mambo

901
01:05:35,560 --> 01:05:39,580
si kufanya kabisa nini unaweza kuwa na mawazo.

902
01:05:40,930 --> 01:05:43,010
Hebu kwenda chini kidogo zaidi hapa.

903
01:05:44,890 --> 01:05:54,760
Hii hapa ni katika Bash. Hiyo pia ni amri badala kama backquote.

904
01:05:54,760 --> 01:06:05,280
Lakini tofauti na backquote, inatumia mtindo huu kutofautiana.

905
01:06:05,280 --> 01:06:09,860
Kuna idadi ya maneno ambayo kuanza kwa ishara ya dola,

906
01:06:09,860 --> 01:06:16,070
na wakati haya ni si vigezo, wakataka matumizi ya ishara ya dola

907
01:06:16,070 --> 01:06:19,570
zinaonyesha usemi wa aina fulani.

908
01:06:19,570 --> 01:06:23,550
Ambayo inaweza kuwa na kuzungukwa na mabano au mabano au mabano mara mbili,

909
01:06:23,550 --> 01:06:26,320
ambayo ina lengo tofauti.

910
01:06:26,320 --> 01:06:29,500
Mabano Single hapa ni amri badala tu kama backquotes.

911
01:06:29,500 --> 01:06:32,720
Double mabano ni kweli kazi hesabu.

912
01:06:32,720 --> 01:06:35,380
Kuna syntaxes mengine, shughuli nyingine.

913
01:06:35,380 --> 01:06:41,520
Backquote syntax inapatikana katika Bash.

914
01:06:41,520 --> 01:06:46,780
Hata hivyo, hii moja ni vyema. Ni rahisi kusoma na inaruhusu nesting.

915
01:06:46,780 --> 01:06:51,300
Unaweza kuwa na ndani ya (amri) $ amri nyingine,

916
01:06:51,300 --> 01:06:54,590
kitu kama -

917
01:07:14,560 --> 01:07:18,210
Mimi kupata orodha huko.

918
01:07:18,210 --> 01:07:21,670
Hiyo kazi kama nilikuwa backquote pia.

919
01:07:32,050 --> 01:07:38,470
Nini kama mimi wanataka kufanya kitu kama -

920
01:08:03,390 --> 01:08:06,430
Pengine itakuwa si kweli kutumia amri hii,

921
01:08:06,430 --> 01:08:14,160
lakini hii ndani amri badala iliyopewa kichwa majina ya mafaili yote ya mwanzo na,

922
01:08:14,160 --> 01:08:18,229
basi hii moja anaendesha ls-l juu ya files hizo,

923
01:08:18,229 --> 01:08:20,500
na kisha hii moja tu iliyopewa kichwa pato.

924
01:08:21,729 --> 01:08:24,479
Wewe pengine bila kufanya hivyo; utaweza tu kufanya echo au ls,

925
01:08:24,479 --> 01:08:29,450
lakini hii inaonyesha jinsi nesting ya amri kazi.

926
01:08:29,450 --> 01:08:34,380
Hivyo tu mwingine kipengele hapa.

927
01:08:34,380 --> 01:08:37,450
 Nilivyoeleza hili mapema, kwamba wakati una ambapo katika C-shell,

928
01:08:37,450 --> 01:08:42,770
aina ya kazi katika shells Bourne aina kwa kuuweka amri.

929
01:08:48,939 --> 01:08:52,270
Kujengwa katika amri, kile tu alikuwa akisema huko.

930
01:08:52,270 --> 01:08:54,640
Amri ni sehemu ya shell, kama wapi.

931
01:08:54,640 --> 01:08:59,880
Wakati shell executes amri kama ls, ni locates hivyo kwa njia ya njia,

932
01:08:59,880 --> 01:09:03,029
anaona ni katika baadhi directory mahali fulani,

933
01:09:03,029 --> 01:09:05,800
inasema kwamba katika kumbukumbu, inajenga shell mpya,

934
01:09:05,800 --> 01:09:08,960
wasomaji ls amri au chochote ndani ya ganda

935
01:09:08,960 --> 01:09:11,450
ambapo mazingira vigezo tayari iko,

936
01:09:11,450 --> 01:09:14,000
na kisha uhamisho utekelezaji yake.

937
01:09:14,000 --> 01:09:18,319
Kujengwa katika amri kanuni kwa ajili ya amri hiyo, ni ndani ya ganda,

938
01:09:18,319 --> 01:09:21,460
hivyo shell tu kuanza utekelezaji wa sehemu ya maadili ya yake mwenyewe.

939
01:09:21,460 --> 01:09:24,569
ambapo ni amri hizo. Ni kweli anapata kasi.

940
01:09:24,569 --> 01:09:28,380
Haina kusoma chochote katika kumbukumbu; ni tayari katika kumbukumbu.

941
01:09:28,380 --> 01:09:32,460
Kujengwa katika amri daima kuchukua precedence juu ya amri kwa jina moja.

942
01:09:32,460 --> 01:09:36,050
Amri hiyo ni katika directories katika njia inaweza kuwa na jina moja,

943
01:09:36,050 --> 01:09:39,090
amri katika directories mbalimbali, faili katika directories mbalimbali.

944
01:09:39,090 --> 01:09:41,740
moja kwamba hutokea mapema katika njia ni moja utapata.

945
01:09:41,740 --> 01:09:43,770
Kama kuna kujengwa katika amri, daima kupata.

946
01:09:43,770 --> 01:09:47,890
Hakuna njia ya kuwapa precedence chini ya amri katika njia.

947
01:09:47,890 --> 01:09:54,140
Kama unataka kupata kwamba amri njia, unaweza aina pathname full.

948
01:09:54,140 --> 01:09:55,850
Kama kulikuwa na amri ambapo katika njia mahali fulani,

949
01:09:55,850 --> 01:09:58,440
unaweza aina / bin / ambapo na wewe Ningependa kupata hiyo.

950
01:09:58,440 --> 01:10:01,800
Kama hawataki aina pathname zima, unaweza kufafanua pak.

951
01:10:01,800 --> 01:10:06,310
Kwa kweli, kama wewe alitoa alias jina moja kama kujengwa katika amri, ingekuwa kazi

952
01:10:06,310 --> 01:10:08,790
kwa sababu alias ufafanuzi ni tathmini

953
01:10:08,790 --> 01:10:13,220
kabla ya shell inaonyesha kuwa ni kujengwa katika amri ambayo inapaswa kutekelezwa.

954
01:10:18,810 --> 01:10:23,440
Kisha hii anapata ngumu zaidi kidogo kwa baadhi ya amri hapa.

955
01:10:23,440 --> 01:10:29,880
kesi ya baadhi ya amri ni kweli kujengwa katika amri na katika njia.

956
01:10:29,880 --> 01:10:34,140
Mmoja wao ni echo, amri mimi tu kutumika kwa muda kidogo iliyopita katika mifano hiyo.

957
01:10:34,140 --> 01:10:37,410
Echo ni amri katika njia na ni katika kila shell.

958
01:10:37,410 --> 01:10:40,580
Hawana lazima wote kuishi kwa njia hiyo.

959
01:10:40,580 --> 01:10:42,970
Ni awali ilikuwa amri tu katika njia.

960
01:10:42,970 --> 01:10:45,280
Ilikuwa kujengwa katika shells baadaye.

961
01:10:45,280 --> 01:10:48,080
Kwa sababu kuna njia ambayo wanategemea mazingira ya

962
01:10:48,080 --> 01:10:52,970
na amri line chaguzi, kujengwa katika amri

963
01:10:52,970 --> 01:10:57,030
ziliandikwa kwa kazi hiyo kama amri kwamba alikuwa katika njia,

964
01:10:57,030 --> 01:10:59,670
ni uwezekano wangeweza imeandikwa kwa njia hiyo

965
01:10:59,670 --> 01:11:01,720
kama amri alikuwa tayari kuandikwa kwa njia.

966
01:11:01,720 --> 01:11:06,180
Hivyo hii ina madhara. Historia yake ina athari hapa.

967
01:11:06,180 --> 01:11:08,380
Kuna chaguzi huko.

968
01:11:14,280 --> 01:11:23,060
Kuna pia ni chaguo inavyoelezwa na kutofautiana katika tcsh aitwaye echo_style.

969
01:11:23,060 --> 01:11:27,700
Hiyo ni moja ya vigezo hivi kwamba anaweza kubadilisha njia ambayo echo kazi.

970
01:11:27,700 --> 01:11:30,910
Kuna kesi nyingine ambayo unaweza kuwapa variable

971
01:11:30,910 --> 01:11:36,290
kuwa mabadiliko njia kwamba operesheni shell, ikiwa ni pamoja na kujengwa katika amri, kazi.

972
01:11:36,290 --> 01:11:38,130
Ni bila kuathiri kitu kingine chochote

973
01:11:38,130 --> 01:11:40,640
tangu amri nyingine hawana kwa vigezo shell,

974
01:11:40,640 --> 01:11:42,090
tu mazingira vigezo.

975
01:11:42,090 --> 01:11:45,360
Lakini shughuli shell unaweza kusoma vigezo shell.

976
01:11:45,360 --> 01:11:50,710
Hiyo si kazi kwa CSH. Hiyo ni tcsh tu. Hiyo ni moja ya nyongeza.

977
01:11:58,540 --> 01:12:04,620
Parsing ina Utaratibu wakati kutathmini metacharacters,

978
01:12:04,620 --> 01:12:08,140
wakati kutathmini vigezo, Majina bandia, kumbukumbu historia.

979
01:12:08,140 --> 01:12:11,830
Kuna mlolongo maalum kwa ajili ya mambo haya.

980
01:12:11,830 --> 01:12:13,730
Kama ni hivyo mambo katika mlolongo hasa

981
01:12:13,730 --> 01:12:16,080
na anapata kitu ambacho ni usemi wa aina

982
01:12:16,080 --> 01:12:20,650
ambayo tayari tathmini, itakuwa si kutathmini tena.

983
01:12:20,650 --> 01:12:24,520
Kama anapata yake, basi itakuwa kupita tu juu ya wahusika.

984
01:12:24,520 --> 01:12:29,920
Hivyo kama tathmini ya baadhi maneno kama amri badala

985
01:12:29,920 --> 01:12:36,850
au kutofautiana au chochote inatoa kupanda kwa kujieleza

986
01:12:36,850 --> 01:12:39,240
ambayo ungependa wanataka kuwa tathmini,

987
01:12:39,240 --> 01:12:42,510
ambayo kazi tu iwapo tathmini ya kwamba hutokea baadaye katika mlolongo.

988
01:12:42,510 --> 01:12:45,010
Natumaini mimi nina kuwa wazi kuwa hakuna.

989
01:12:45,010 --> 01:12:50,460
Hiyo parsing mlolongo, operesheni katika C-shell,

990
01:12:50,460 --> 01:12:56,490
si sawa kwa kujengwa katika amri kama ni kwa ajili ya mashirika yasiyo ya kujengwa katika amri.

991
01:12:56,490 --> 01:12:58,890
Mimi nina uhakika juu ya Bash huko.

992
01:12:58,890 --> 01:13:02,450
Kwa mfano, kama variable shell zinazozalishwa historia ya kumbukumbu,

993
01:13:02,450 --> 01:13:04,230
pengine hakutaka kurudi katika historia.

994
01:13:04,230 --> 01:13:06,010
Itakuwa tu kupata mshangao uhakika.

995
01:13:06,010 --> 01:13:08,840
Kwa kweli, tunaweza tu kujaribu kuwa nje hivi sasa.

996
01:13:09,720 --> 01:13:18,240
kuweka = na sisi itabidi kuweka hii huko.

997
01:13:30,690 --> 01:13:34,580
Oh, kusubiri. Sorry. Nilifanya hivyo katika Bash. Nilitaka kufanya hivyo hapa.

998
01:13:53,470 --> 01:13:56,080
Angalia, hivyo hakuwa na kutathmini historia kumbukumbu

999
01:13:56,080 --> 01:14:00,520
kwa sababu ilikuwa tayari siku za nyuma hatua ya kutathmini historia ya maneno

1000
01:14:00,520 --> 01:14:02,720
wakati tathmini kutofautiana.

1001
01:14:02,720 --> 01:14:05,550
Hivyo kwamba ni 1 athari za parsing.

1002
01:14:05,550 --> 01:14:08,760
Na tena, kujengwa katika amri si kufanyika kwa njia hiyo.

1003
01:14:08,760 --> 01:14:11,230
Sawa. Hebu kwenda moja ijayo hapa.

1004
01:14:11,230 --> 01:14:16,060
Hii ni nia ya kuwa na 1 line, lakini ni kuifanya rahisi kusoma.

1005
01:14:19,130 --> 01:14:21,530
Je, hiyo nini?

1006
01:14:21,530 --> 01:14:28,640
Unaweza kukumbuka kwamba tunaweza kutathmini Stars kama jina la faili wildcards,

1007
01:14:28,640 --> 01:14:33,890
na kuna wildcards nyingine jina la faili kama alama ya swali na bracket maneno.

1008
01:14:33,890 --> 01:14:39,000
Kwamba aina ya tathmini inaitwa globbing.

1009
01:14:39,000 --> 01:14:46,290
kuweka noglob mwanzoni mwa amri hii anasema si kufanya hivyo.

1010
01:14:46,290 --> 01:14:53,370
unset noglob anasema kwenda nyuma ya kufanya hivyo.

1011
01:14:53,370 --> 01:14:56,440
Kumbuka kwamba kuweka glob bila kuwa na athari hiyo.

1012
01:14:56,440 --> 01:15:00,800
Kwa lugha ya kawaida, kuweka glob au unset noglob inaweza kuonekana kuwa sawa,

1013
01:15:00,800 --> 01:15:03,290
lakini hapa si. Ni unset noglob.

1014
01:15:05,120 --> 01:15:07,910
Sasa tset. tset kusimama kwa ajili ya terminal kuweka.

1015
01:15:07,910 --> 01:15:11,840
Ni si kutumika kwamba mara nyingi sasa, lakini kabla ya mifumo ya windowing akawa inapatikana

1016
01:15:11,840 --> 01:15:15,760
na alikuwa terminal moja, unaweza kuwa na kuamua aina.

1017
01:15:15,760 --> 01:15:18,700
Na kama kitu alikuwa anakuja juu ya Ethernet au kutoka mtandao,

1018
01:15:18,700 --> 01:15:21,120
unaweza kutaka kusema ni vt100.

1019
01:15:21,120 --> 01:15:26,630
VT100 ni aina ya kiwango katika biashara ya wastaafu. Ni linatokana na terminal Desemba.

1020
01:15:26,630 --> 01:15:35,270
Kama wewe tu kufanya dialup - taarifa kwamba? Hii inakwenda nyuma njia, huh?

1021
01:15:35,270 --> 01:15:39,520
Hivyo kama sisi tu wala tset zaidi ya hapa,

1022
01:15:39,520 --> 01:15:45,250
kama mimi tu kufanya tset, ni upya terminal yangu, lakini hakuwa na kuona chochote.

1023
01:15:45,250 --> 01:15:47,340
Haikuwa mabadiliko ya kweli kitu chochote.

1024
01:15:47,340 --> 01:15:48,620
-S

1025
01:15:49,900 --> 01:15:51,480
Sawa.

1026
01:15:51,480 --> 01:15:53,350
setenv MREFU xterm-rangi.

1027
01:15:53,350 --> 01:15:57,080
Sisi tunajua kwamba neno ilianzishwa kwa njia hiyo, hivyo kwamba hakuwa na kubadilika.

1028
01:15:57,080 --> 01:15:58,860
Hiyo ndiyo njia tunatarajia wanataka kufanya hivyo.

1029
01:15:58,860 --> 01:16:07,080
Lakini taarifa kwamba hii amri, tset-s, pato tu hizi amri. Haikuwa kukimbia nao.

1030
01:16:07,080 --> 01:16:09,770
Haikuwa kukimbia amri hizi, ni pato yao.

1031
01:16:09,770 --> 01:16:13,650
Hivyo hii ni lengo la kuzalisha amri ambayo kisha kukimbia.

1032
01:16:13,650 --> 01:16:16,360
Unakumbuka amri katika faili kwamba mimi ilionyesha tu alikuwa Q ndani yake.

1033
01:16:16,360 --> 01:16:18,910
Basi hebu kufanya hivyo.

1034
01:16:18,910 --> 01:16:23,750
Q suppresses baadhi ya pato, lakini hiyo haina jambo hapa, kama unaweza kuona.

1035
01:16:23,750 --> 01:16:27,980
Mimi nina kufanya tu kwamba kuonyesha kwamba hakuwa na jambo hilo.

1036
01:16:27,980 --> 01:16:31,870
Hii ni katika backquote syntax.

1037
01:16:31,870 --> 01:16:35,340
Kumbuka backquote hapa, backquote hapa.

1038
01:16:35,340 --> 01:16:37,680
Mimi nina omitting mambo haya hapa.

1039
01:16:37,680 --> 01:16:39,570
Hizi ni matukio ya kuwaambia ni nini cha kufanya

1040
01:16:39,570 --> 01:16:42,050
katika kesi ya aina fulani ya vituo -

1041
01:16:42,050 --> 01:16:45,400
Ethernet, mtandao, dialup, una nini.

1042
01:16:45,400 --> 01:16:48,050
Haijalishi hapa kwa sababu sisi siyo kweli kufanya yoyote ya mambo haya.

1043
01:16:48,050 --> 01:16:49,720
Mimi nina kuonyesha tu amri.

1044
01:16:49,720 --> 01:16:55,170
Kama mimi kufanya hivyo kwa backquote, je, Mimi naenda kupata?

1045
01:16:55,170 --> 01:17:00,210
Pia taarifa hapa kwamba hii ni pamoja na kuweka noglob na noglob unset,

1046
01:17:00,210 --> 01:17:02,630
hivyo wale sasa ni kutokuwa katika ufafanuzi.

1047
01:17:02,630 --> 01:17:05,380
Hiyo ilikuwa si kweli daima, lakini sasa wao ni pamoja na katika amri hii.

1048
01:17:05,380 --> 01:17:08,890
Lakini hebu angalia nini kinatokea kama mimi kufanya hivyo

1049
01:17:08,890 --> 01:17:12,570
na kwenda mwanzo wa mstari na Kudhibiti A na mimi kufanya hivyo.

1050
01:17:14,380 --> 01:17:18,040
Sawa, kuweka: amri haikupatikana. Hiyo aina ya isiyo ya kawaida, si hivyo?

1051
01:17:18,040 --> 01:17:20,570
kuweka ni amri maalumu. Ni sehemu ya shell.

1052
01:17:20,570 --> 01:17:24,040
kuweka: amri si kupatikana? Kwa nini ni kwamba?

1053
01:17:24,040 --> 01:17:26,790
Hmm. Naam, hebu fikiria kuhusu hili.

1054
01:17:26,790 --> 01:17:31,100
Ni mbio backquote amri badala,

1055
01:17:31,100 --> 01:17:37,430
na kwamba hutokea katika sehemu fulani ya mlolongo wa parsing amri.

1056
01:17:37,430 --> 01:17:40,360
kuweka ni kujengwa katika amri.

1057
01:17:40,360 --> 01:17:43,900
Hivyo kwa muda gani kwamba amri badala,

1058
01:17:43,900 --> 01:17:48,280
ni tayari wamezipata zamani hatua ya kutambua kujengwa katika amri.

1059
01:17:48,280 --> 01:17:51,900
Hivyo inayotibu kuweka kama ni amri katika njia.

1060
01:17:51,900 --> 01:17:55,440
Bila kusema, haina kupata hiyo na kupata makosa.

1061
01:17:55,440 --> 01:17:59,300
Vizuri. Kuna mfano wa parsing mlolongo.

1062
01:17:59,300 --> 01:18:01,460
Na tunafanya nini kuhusu hilo?

1063
01:18:01,460 --> 01:18:04,800
Taarifa amri hii ya kuvutia sana hapa, UFUNDISHAJI.

1064
01:18:04,800 --> 01:18:06,530
Mimi ajabu nini kwamba hana.

1065
01:18:06,530 --> 01:18:08,760
Kama ukiangalia mwongozo - na hebu tu kufanya hivyo

1066
01:18:08,760 --> 01:18:12,000
kuonyesha jinsi utata miongozo hii ni -

1067
01:18:12,000 --> 01:18:19,400
mtu tcsh, kuchanganyikiwa mwongozo, kutafuta mambo hapa ni si rahisi aidha.

1068
01:18:19,400 --> 01:18:31,850
Hapa sisi kwenda, UFUNDISHAJI ARG, ili tuweze 1 au zaidi hoja

1069
01:18:31,850 --> 01:18:34,090
na kuna orodha ya mambo huko.

1070
01:18:34,090 --> 01:18:37,730
Chipsi hoja kama pembejeo kwa shell

1071
01:18:37,730 --> 01:18:43,600
na executes amri kusababisha mazingira ya shell sasa.

1072
01:18:43,600 --> 01:18:46,900
Hii ni kawaida kutumika kutekeleza amri yanayotokana kama matokeo ya amri

1073
01:18:46,900 --> 01:18:51,310
au kutofautiana badala kwa sababu parsing hutokea kabla ya mabadilisho haya.

1074
01:18:51,310 --> 01:18:52,580
Nzuri sana.

1075
01:18:52,580 --> 01:18:54,740
Na hapa hata kutaja amri tset kwa ajili ya matumizi ya sampuli

1076
01:18:54,740 --> 01:18:57,700
kama moja mimi tu ilionyesha wewe.

1077
01:18:57,700 --> 01:19:00,440
Sasa mimi kupata dirisha nyuma nafasi ya muhimu.

1078
01:19:03,150 --> 01:19:07,800
Hebu kupata juu ya hapa na tutaweza kuona kwamba UFUNDISHAJI hutumiwa tu kabla ya hapo.

1079
01:19:07,800 --> 01:19:14,010
Basi hebu angalia kile kinachotokea kama sisi kuweka - hapa Tunakwenda kwa mishale ya amri hiyo

1080
01:19:14,010 --> 01:19:20,940
na Kudhibiti A mwanzo, UFUNDISHAJI.

1081
01:19:20,940 --> 01:19:22,850
Sawa, hivyo ni kazi.

1082
01:19:22,850 --> 01:19:26,440
Wakati wa kufanya UFUNDISHAJI, inachukua kile unakuja baada yake na inafanya amri.

1083
01:19:26,440 --> 01:19:29,460
Hii itawezesha wewe kimsingi Hazrat ni mara mbili.

1084
01:19:29,460 --> 01:19:33,710
sehemu hapa anaendesha amri hii ndani ya backquotes,

1085
01:19:33,710 --> 01:19:36,210
anapata pato.

1086
01:19:36,210 --> 01:19:42,850
Pato zinatakiwa kuwa na kukimbia kama amri hizo hapa kama hizi

1087
01:19:42,850 --> 01:19:45,890
hii moja na hii moja.

1088
01:19:45,890 --> 01:19:50,100
Hivyo amri hizo ni sasa hapa katika mlolongo huu,

1089
01:19:50,100 --> 01:19:58,950
lakini haya ni kujengwa katika amri na haiwezi kupata haki yao mbali.

1090
01:19:58,950 --> 01:20:06,440
Kwa hiyo sisi kwenda UFUNDISHAJI, UFUNDISHAJI tar kuwa juu, kuanza jambo zima tena, na kazi.

1091
01:20:06,440 --> 01:20:18,460
mfano wote backquoting, UFUNDISHAJI, parsing, matokeo ya parsing,

1092
01:20:18,460 --> 01:20:21,910
na amri ambayo pengine ni ya matumizi kidogo sana na wewe siku hizi.

1093
01:20:21,910 --> 01:20:25,540
Sawa. Haki ya wote, umask.

1094
01:20:25,540 --> 01:20:32,160
Hebu tuangalie amri hii hapa, umask 022. Mimi ajabu nini kwamba hana.

1095
01:20:32,160 --> 01:20:38,420
Hebu tu aina umask na kitu baada ya yake. 22. Sawa.

1096
01:20:38,420 --> 01:20:44,350
022 na kufanya hivyo tena.

1097
01:20:44,350 --> 01:20:48,580
Kama unaweza kuwa guessed, umask na hakuna hoja atakwambia mask sasa;

1098
01:20:48,580 --> 01:20:51,760
umask kwa hoja inafanya, lakini kwamba alikuwa mmoja mimi tayari.

1099
01:20:51,760 --> 01:20:53,800
Gani 022 maana yake nini?

1100
01:21:01,650 --> 01:21:07,080
Hizi ni hapa ulinzi kwa ajili ya faili.

1101
01:21:07,080 --> 01:21:11,440
Wao kuamua nani anaruhusiwa kusoma na kuandika au kutekeleza file.

1102
01:21:11,440 --> 01:21:16,560
Ulinzi pia kuitwa ruhusa.

1103
01:21:16,560 --> 01:21:21,390
r anasimama kwa ajili ya kusoma, w kwa kuandika,

1104
01:21:21,390 --> 01:21:25,500
na x, ambayo si sasa kuna, anasimama kwa kutekeleza.

1105
01:21:25,500 --> 01:21:27,260
Kuna makundi 3 huko.

1106
01:21:27,260 --> 01:21:33,540
3 mambo mwisho ni katika jamii ya mtumiaji. Wale kuomba kwangu, user.

1107
01:21:33,540 --> 01:21:36,870
Hizi 3 hapa kuomba kikundi.

1108
01:21:36,870 --> 01:21:41,590
file ni mali ya 1 kundi, mtumiaji anaweza ni wa makundi kadhaa,

1109
01:21:41,590 --> 01:21:47,150
lakini kama mtumiaji ni katika kundi ambalo faili hili ni,

1110
01:21:47,150 --> 01:21:51,090
kisha ulinzi haya kuomba kwake kama yeye si user.

1111
01:21:51,090 --> 01:21:54,230
Na hii ni moja ya mtu mwingine.

1112
01:21:55,540 --> 01:21:57,690
Makundi hayo ni pande kipekee.

1113
01:21:57,690 --> 01:21:59,750
ulinzi user kuomba kwake,

1114
01:21:59,750 --> 01:22:03,780
kundi ulinzi kuomba kwa wajumbe wa kikundi chochote zaidi user,

1115
01:22:03,780 --> 01:22:08,110
na ulinzi nyingine kuomba tu kwa watu wengine kuliko wanachama wa kikundi user na.

1116
01:22:08,110 --> 01:22:12,320
Kama kuna r au aw au x, maana yake ni kwamba ulinzi ni nafasi.

1117
01:22:12,320 --> 01:22:13,950
Kama kuna hyphen, ina maana siyo.

1118
01:22:13,950 --> 01:22:16,690
Kuna kweli ni mambo mengine ambayo yanaweza kuwekwa katika hapa zaidi ya hizo,

1119
01:22:16,690 --> 01:22:18,350
ambayo mimi si kupata ndani ya sasa.

1120
01:22:18,350 --> 01:22:24,450
umask amefafanua default kwa files kwamba kujenga.

1121
01:22:24,450 --> 01:22:28,580
Na kama mask, kimsingi ni anasema bits kwamba huna kuweka.

1122
01:22:28,580 --> 01:22:30,450
Ni jinsi gani hii kuwa bits?

1123
01:22:30,450 --> 01:22:33,240
Kama unafikiri ya kila moja ya haya kama idadi octal,

1124
01:22:33,240 --> 01:22:42,120
hii ni 1s kidogo, hii ni 2S, hii ni 4s.

1125
01:22:42,120 --> 01:22:45,840
Hivyo 0 kupitia 7

1126
01:22:45,840 --> 01:22:51,770
kuelezea kile mchanganyiko wa r ya, w, na x ya kuwa kwa hizi 3

1127
01:22:51,770 --> 01:22:53,710
na kisha idadi sawa kwa ajili ya haya na kisha kwa ajili ya haya.

1128
01:22:53,710 --> 01:23:12,030
Hivyo 022 ina maana 0 kwa ajili ya wengine, 2 kwa kikundi, 2 kwa mtumiaji.

1129
01:23:12,030 --> 01:23:15,870
Lakini hii ni mask. mask ni nini hawana.

1130
01:23:19,380 --> 01:23:20,610
Mimi nina sorry. I just akakupeni ili sahihi.

1131
01:23:20,610 --> 01:23:25,620
Ni mara ya kwanza 3. Hizi 3 ni user, hizi 3 ni kundi, hizi 3 ni nyingine.

1132
01:23:25,620 --> 01:23:27,970
Sorry Mimi niliwapeni hizi ili sahihi.

1133
01:23:27,970 --> 01:23:31,910
0, ambayo ni ya kwanza ya hizo, haina kuonyesha thamani,

1134
01:23:31,910 --> 01:23:35,430
lakini kama idadi ni si huko, ni 0.

1135
01:23:35,430 --> 01:23:38,370
Hiyo ina maana wote 3 ya hizi itakuwa kuruhusiwa.

1136
01:23:38,370 --> 01:23:41,550
Taarifa kwamba katika moja fulani x hairuhusiwi.

1137
01:23:41,550 --> 01:23:44,090
Sababu ni kwamba shell ni uwezo wa kuamua

1138
01:23:44,090 --> 01:23:46,260
kama file lazima ifanyike au la.

1139
01:23:46,260 --> 01:23:49,800
Tangu hii si faili la kutekelezwa, haikuwa kuweka x.

1140
01:23:49,800 --> 01:23:54,000
2 ina maana kwamba kuandika ruhusa, jamii ya pili hapa,

1141
01:23:54,000 --> 01:23:56,500
moja katika katikati, inapokataliwa.

1142
01:23:56,500 --> 01:23:58,500
Hivyo tena, haya ni mambo ambayo alikanusha.

1143
01:23:58,500 --> 01:24:02,080
Naam, x anaruhusiwa lakini siyo hapa kwa sababu si kutekelezwa

1144
01:24:02,080 --> 01:24:04,260
na vile vile kwa watu wengine.

1145
01:24:04,260 --> 01:24:08,880
Hivyo kwamba ni umask kawaida.

1146
01:24:08,880 --> 01:24:14,630
Mtu mwingine kawaida ni 700 - kutoa mwenyewe kila kitu na hakuna mtu mwingine kitu chochote.

1147
01:24:14,630 --> 01:24:17,040
Na kuna uwezekano mwingine.

1148
01:24:21,340 --> 01:24:27,110
Nitakwenda nyuma na kwamba. Kwa kutumia historia ya mimi unaweza kutafuta nyuma kwa kuwa, lwh na pale.

1149
01:24:27,110 --> 01:24:30,210
Sawa. Hivyo hapa, hizi ni shells.

1150
01:24:30,210 --> 01:24:36,020
Bash, mmiliki ambaye ni akaunti mfumo, anaweza kufanya kila kitu.

1151
01:24:36,020 --> 01:24:41,210
Group na mtu mwingine anaweza kufanya kusoma au kutekeleza lakini si kuandika.

1152
01:24:41,210 --> 01:24:44,570
Moja hii haina hata kuruhusu mmiliki wa kuandika yake.

1153
01:24:44,570 --> 01:24:46,460
Kama mmiliki alitaka kuandika kwa hiyo, akaunti mfumo,

1154
01:24:46,460 --> 01:24:48,020
angeweza kuwa na mabadiliko ya ulinzi ya kwanza.

1155
01:24:48,020 --> 01:24:53,940
Lakini tena, umask seti default na Masking yake,

1156
01:24:53,940 --> 01:24:57,160
kwa kuonyesha bits kuwa ya kuweka.

1157
01:24:57,160 --> 01:25:04,380
Hii ni kawaida katika moja ya mafaili yako initialization, ambayo ni. Cshrc kwa C-ganda

1158
01:25:04,380 --> 01:25:07,500
au. profile kwa shells Bourne-aina.

1159
01:25:07,500 --> 01:25:12,520
Inaweza kuwa mahali pengine pia kama kuna faili nyingine initialization juu ya mfumo.

1160
01:25:12,520 --> 01:25:14,610
Hata hivyo, hiyo ni umask.

1161
01:25:14,610 --> 01:25:18,180
Kuna kitu aina ya isiyo ya kawaida hapa,

1162
01:25:18,180 --> 01:25:22,800
na kwamba ni, ni kwa nini kuna amri moja kwa hili?

1163
01:25:22,800 --> 01:25:28,690
Kama ningekuwa kuandika hii, napenda kufanya hivyo kutofautiana, umask = baadhi ya thamani.

1164
01:25:28,690 --> 01:25:31,100
Kwa nini kuna amri lote tu kwa ajili hiyo?

1165
01:25:31,100 --> 01:25:34,560
Sababu ni hii huenda tu nyuma kwenye asili ya Unix.

1166
01:25:34,560 --> 01:25:41,050
Unix mara baadhi tu ya mradi programu katika Bell Labs katika miaka ya 1970.

1167
01:25:41,050 --> 01:25:42,610
Watu tu got pamoja kwa mpango.

1168
01:25:42,610 --> 01:25:45,290
Wao kamwe lengo ni kuwa mfumo wa uendeshaji duniani kote.

1169
01:25:45,290 --> 01:25:47,250
Watu mbalimbali aliandika sehemu mbalimbali bila kufikiri sana

1170
01:25:47,250 --> 01:25:49,790
ya jinsi watakavyo kutumika - badala sketchy.

1171
01:25:49,790 --> 01:25:53,290
Na alikuja pamoja kama hayo, na bado ni kama kwamba katika baadhi ya mambo.

1172
01:25:53,290 --> 01:25:57,930
Ili huonyesha historia, na bado kuna kutokwenda haya na mambo isiyo ya kawaida yake.

1173
01:25:57,930 --> 01:26:00,750
Sawa. Ijayo moja hapa.

1174
01:26:08,170 --> 01:26:11,000
Kama nilivyoandika hapo awali, C-shell si kweli kutumika sana kwa ajili ya programu,

1175
01:26:11,000 --> 01:26:12,420
ingawa inaweza kuwa.

1176
01:26:12,420 --> 01:26:15,080
Executes polepole zaidi, tena biashara-off kati ya matumizi ya maingiliano,

1177
01:26:15,080 --> 01:26:17,820
ambayo ina usindikaji zaidi kushiriki zaidi kuliko kasi,

1178
01:26:17,820 --> 01:26:20,710
ambayo inaweza kufanya bila usindikaji.

1179
01:26:20,710 --> 01:26:28,320
sifa ya ziada aliongeza kwa shell Bourne na Korn na Bourne mara ya pili shells

1180
01:26:28,320 --> 01:26:32,120
hawaonekani kwa polepole yao chini, na mimi sijui ni kwa nini kwamba ni.

1181
01:26:32,120 --> 01:26:36,310
Inaweza tu kuwa programu bora, lakini nina si katika nafasi ya kujua.

1182
01:26:36,310 --> 01:26:40,420
Kasi hapa kwa kweli si mpango huo kubwa, ingawa ni tajwa.

1183
01:26:40,420 --> 01:26:43,690
Sababu ni kwamba scripts shell kweli kupata haki haraka.

1184
01:26:43,690 --> 01:26:46,450
Kama kuna mengi ya amri kama katika mpango calculational,

1185
01:26:46,450 --> 01:26:49,110
pengine bila kufanya hivyo katika script shell.

1186
01:26:49,110 --> 01:26:51,450
shughuli kuna haki rahisi na moja kwa moja.

1187
01:26:51,450 --> 01:26:53,960
wale ambao nimepata uzoefu kwamba ni polepole mno

1188
01:26:53,960 --> 01:26:57,110
kuhusisha maombi mara kwa mara ya amri polepole.

1189
01:26:57,110 --> 01:27:00,480
Mapema nilivyoeleza mhariri mkondo sed. Amri hiyo ni polepole.

1190
01:27:00,480 --> 01:27:03,760
Kama nitafanya sed mara nyingi, utapata script polepole, lakini siyo shell kwamba taratibu.

1191
01:27:03,760 --> 01:27:07,920
Mbio katika Bourne shell haitakuwa kwa kasi zaidi kuliko mbio katika C-shell,

1192
01:27:07,920 --> 01:27:10,070
ingawa kuna labda baadhi ya faida huko.

1193
01:27:10,070 --> 01:27:12,760
uwezo ziada programu, kwa upande mwingine,

1194
01:27:12,760 --> 01:27:17,920
ni sababu kubwa kwa nini ungependa kutumia shells Bourne-aina.

1195
01:27:17,920 --> 01:27:21,390
C-shell ina sifa isiyo ya kawaida yake -

1196
01:27:21,390 --> 01:27:25,250
ukweli kwamba sijui kama variable ni variable shell au kutofautiana mazingira.

1197
01:27:25,250 --> 01:27:27,440
Inaweza kuwa na utata sana.

1198
01:27:27,440 --> 01:27:32,170
Ni hivyo si rahisi kuandika

1199
01:27:32,170 --> 01:27:35,930
tu kwa kuzingatia uzoefu wako wa programu katika lugha nyingine.

1200
01:27:35,930 --> 01:27:41,350
Nadhani unaweza kupata shells Bourne aina zaidi sambamba na uzoefu wako.

1201
01:27:43,730 --> 01:27:49,270
Baadhi ya maandiko, ingawa, unaweza kuwa maelfu ya mistari katika urefu.

1202
01:27:49,270 --> 01:27:52,450
Wale ambao nimeona ni kutumika kwa ajili ya patching mifumo ya uendeshaji.

1203
01:27:52,450 --> 01:27:55,450
Wale unaweza nitafanya polepole sana, lakini si kukimbia wale mara nyingi sana.

1204
01:27:55,450 --> 01:27:57,180
Ni wakati tu unafanya patching,

1205
01:27:57,180 --> 01:27:59,450
na ni tu mfumo wa meneja ambaye anafanya mambo hayo,

1206
01:27:59,450 --> 01:28:01,840
hivyo si kweli mengi ya suala hilo.

1207
01:28:01,840 --> 01:28:06,980
Wale ambao ni mamia ya mistari ya muda mrefu kweli nitafanya haki haraka.

1208
01:28:06,980 --> 01:28:10,540
Kutaja hili hapa, ni nyongeza hizo?

1209
01:28:10,540 --> 01:28:13,170
Nimekuwa tayari kutajwa wachache wao - arrays, mahesabu,

1210
01:28:13,170 --> 01:28:20,540
() Kujieleza kwa mahesabu katika Bash shell $,

1211
01:28:20,540 --> 01:28:23,050
aina nyingine ya amri badala.

1212
01:28:23,050 --> 01:28:25,360
Kuna aina mbalimbali ya amri kupima

1213
01:28:25,360 --> 01:28:29,350
ambayo unaweza kufanya majaribio masharti juu ya kuwepo kwa faili au mambo mengine.

1214
01:28:29,350 --> 01:28:34,790
Mwisho hapa, amri hii hapa.

1215
01:28:34,790 --> 01:28:38,480
Je, hii kufanya, na kwa nini mtu yeyote kuitumia?

1216
01:28:51,170 --> 01:28:52,990
printenv variablename.

1217
01:28:52,990 --> 01:28:56,130
Sisi kujua nini printenv gani. Inatuambia thamani ya kutofautiana.

1218
01:28:56,130 --> 01:29:00,850
Na printenv variablename si kutuambia sana kwa sababu hakuna kutofautiana hayo.

1219
01:29:03,550 --> 01:29:05,120
Tupu.

1220
01:29:05,120 --> 01:29:08,440
Lakini hebu kuwapa kitu ya maana.

1221
01:29:13,420 --> 01:29:16,800
Hiyo si huko aidha. Sawa. Mimi nadhani kamwe hufafanuliwa kwamba.

1222
01:29:16,800 --> 01:29:18,020
Hebu kuangalia tu mazingira yangu.

1223
01:29:18,020 --> 01:29:20,900
Hii ni amri ya mwingine na ambayo unaweza kukagua mazingira yako.

1224
01:29:20,900 --> 01:29:24,470
Kuna umri nzuri EDITOR, moja tuliona kabla ya.

1225
01:29:42,360 --> 01:29:44,120
Je, hiyo nini?

1226
01:29:44,120 --> 01:29:48,050
Hapa tuna backquote kujieleza.

1227
01:29:48,050 --> 01:29:50,370
Kumbuka hii ni C-shell.

1228
01:29:50,370 --> 01:29:54,850
Hivyo printenv EDITOR kutupa thamani ya Mhariri. Ni vi.

1229
01:29:54,850 --> 01:29:59,790
Na kisha kuweka thamani kwamba variable a, seti amri.

1230
01:29:59,790 --> 01:30:02,860
Hivyo sasa kama mimi kufanya echo $ a, mimi kupata vi.

1231
01:30:02,860 --> 01:30:05,850
Kwamba haionekani sana muhimu.

1232
01:30:05,850 --> 01:30:08,080
Hata hivyo, kwa kweli anafanya na kusudi.

1233
01:30:08,080 --> 01:30:12,260
Tangu sisi sijui kama variable ni variable shell au kutofautiana mazingira

1234
01:30:12,260 --> 01:30:16,280
kwa kutumia ishara ya dola tathmini syntax, tunaweza kutumia printenv

1235
01:30:16,280 --> 01:30:19,460
kuhakikisha kwamba ni kutofautiana mazingira.

1236
01:30:19,460 --> 01:30:22,550
Hivyo kama kulikuwa na shell variable mhariri, hii itakuwa si waliopata yake.

1237
01:30:22,550 --> 01:30:25,640
Hii kazi tu na kutofautiana mazingira.

1238
01:30:25,640 --> 01:30:28,370
Kama kulikuwa na kutofautiana shell na nilitaka thamani yake,

1239
01:30:28,370 --> 01:30:29,980
Ningependa kuwa na kutafuta baadhi ya njia nyingine ya kufanya hivyo.

1240
01:30:29,980 --> 01:30:33,530
Moja ya njia ya kufanya hivyo itakuwa kwa kufanya kuweka na kusambaza.

1241
01:30:33,530 --> 01:30:36,130
Hii ni moja ya metacharacters, wahusika maalum.

1242
01:30:36,130 --> 01:30:38,370
Inapeleka pato la kuweka kitu kingine.

1243
01:30:38,370 --> 01:30:40,650
Hebu kuona nini sisi ili kupata huko.

1244
01:30:40,650 --> 01:30:49,340
Chochote. Sawa. Hebu tu kuona nini huko wote pamoja.

1245
01:30:49,340 --> 01:30:53,580
Ilikuwa ni echo_style, moja nilivyoeleza hapo awali. Sawa, hebu kufanya hivyo.

1246
01:31:02,460 --> 01:31:06,230
Kumbuka nilivyoeleza hapo awali, echo_style

1247
01:31:06,230 --> 01:31:08,410
huamua njia amri echo kukimbia.

1248
01:31:08,410 --> 01:31:10,940
BSD anasimama kwa Berkeley la usambazaji.

1249
01:31:10,940 --> 01:31:13,200
Hii ni Berkeley Unix miaka ya 1970.

1250
01:31:13,200 --> 01:31:16,630
Hiyo ni moja ya njia ambazo echo wanaweza kukimbia.

1251
01:31:16,630 --> 01:31:22,310
Kuweka echo_style kwa thamani kwamba katika TC-shell kusababisha echo ya kuishi kwa njia hiyo.

1252
01:31:22,310 --> 01:31:27,670
Hivyo kuweka gani kwamba, lakini kuweka anapata tu vigezo shell.

1253
01:31:27,670 --> 01:31:35,430
Itakuwa si kupata EDITOR, ambayo si variable shell.

1254
01:31:36,870 --> 01:31:38,050
Chochote.

1255
01:31:38,050 --> 01:31:39,660
Hivyo kwamba ni njia mojawapo ya kubainisha yao.

1256
01:31:39,660 --> 01:31:42,000
Lakini ukweli kwamba una kwenda njia ya ile amri ya baadhi ya ajabu kama kwamba

1257
01:31:42,000 --> 01:31:45,500
kutofautisha kati ya vigezo shell au mazingira vigezo

1258
01:31:45,500 --> 01:31:49,970
inaonyesha aina ya kuwekwa katika vitendo asili ya C-shell kwa baadhi ya madhumuni ya.

1259
01:31:52,290 --> 01:31:57,960
Na sasa, mwisho na labda uchache, hii ni kurasa mtu.

1260
01:31:57,960 --> 01:32:03,190
Wale wa wewe ambao wanaweza Unajua, mwanaume ni amri short kwa mwongozo.

1261
01:32:03,190 --> 01:32:08,610
mtu kurasa kwa ajili ya shells ni vigumu kusoma. Wao ni muda mrefu sana.

1262
01:32:08,610 --> 01:32:14,060
Wao ni kupangwa katika njia ambayo inaweza kufanya ni vigumu kupata nini wewe kutafuta.

1263
01:32:14,060 --> 01:32:15,980
Hivyo kama wewe ni kutafuta kitu kwa kusudi,

1264
01:32:15,980 --> 01:32:20,050
huwezi kujua kama lengo kwamba ni variable shell au kitu kingine,

1265
01:32:20,050 --> 01:32:21,630
hivyo unaweza kujua wapi kuangalia kwa ajili yake.

1266
01:32:21,630 --> 01:32:25,030
Unaweza kuangalia kwa masharti mbalimbali, lakini masharti ni mara nyingi mara kwa mara.

1267
01:32:25,030 --> 01:32:27,640
Hivyo ni kwa ujumla vigumu kusoma.

1268
01:32:27,640 --> 01:32:33,810
Sisi tu inaonekana katika TC-shell mtu ukurasa kidogo kabla ya kupata amri UFUNDISHAJI.

1269
01:32:33,810 --> 01:32:36,610
Baadhi ya mambo kwenda kwa kasi zaidi.

1270
01:32:36,610 --> 01:32:38,860
Njia moja ni kutafuta kamba.

1271
01:32:38,860 --> 01:32:40,360
Unaweza kutumia pager.

1272
01:32:40,360 --> 01:32:49,080
Pager ana slash kuangalia kwa amri au kamba ndani ya operesheni pager.

1273
01:32:49,080 --> 01:32:52,830
Mtu na default kutumia pagers, ama kuwa zaidi au chini.

1274
01:32:52,830 --> 01:32:56,560
Mimi sijui kama wewe ni ukoo na hayo, lakini wale wanaweza kuonyesha files kidogo kidogo.

1275
01:32:56,560 --> 01:33:00,550
Nimekuwa kutumia chini ya kuonyesha haya files hasa sisi tumepewa hapa.

1276
01:33:00,550 --> 01:33:03,300
Unaweza kutafuta huko ndani.

1277
01:33:03,300 --> 01:33:04,880
Unaweza kujaribu kutumia masharti mbalimbali search.

1278
01:33:04,880 --> 01:33:08,420
Pia kurasa mtu katika mifumo mbalimbali ya uendeshaji inaweza kuwa sawa.

1279
01:33:08,420 --> 01:33:11,130
Wanaweza kuwa kurasa tofauti kwa ajili ya CSH na tcsh.

1280
01:33:11,130 --> 01:33:14,500
Wao ni si juu ya Mac, lakini wapate kuwa kama wale ni amri tofauti.

1281
01:33:14,500 --> 01:33:19,000
Kama sh haina kweli wito Bash, kuna pengine itakuwa tofauti mtu ukurasa.

1282
01:33:19,000 --> 01:33:25,820
Baadhi ya mifumo ya kurasa tofauti mtu tu kwa ajili ya C-shell kujengwa katika amri.

1283
01:33:25,820 --> 01:33:30,250
Wakati mwingine kama unataka kusoma maelezo ya kujengwa katika amri

1284
01:33:30,250 --> 01:33:35,350
hilo pia ni katika njia, kama echo, unahitaji kusoma ukurasa mtu kwamba amri juu ya echo

1285
01:33:35,350 --> 01:33:37,610
kuamua jinsi gani itakuwa kazi kama kujengwa katika amri

1286
01:33:37,610 --> 01:33:39,760
hata kama wewe si wito kujengwa katika amri.

1287
01:33:41,630 --> 01:33:46,090
Hiyo ni drawback ya mfumo wa uendeshaji kwa ujumla, si tu kwa shells,

1288
01:33:46,090 --> 01:33:50,710
ingawa kwa shells hasa kurasa mtu ni muda mrefu sana,

1289
01:33:50,710 --> 01:33:56,180
sehemu kwa sababu wameweza aliongeza makala muhimu kwao, ambayo inaweza kuwa chanya.

1290
01:33:56,180 --> 01:34:00,290
Sawa. Je, kuna maswali yoyote? Mada yoyote unataka kuleta up?

1291
01:34:00,290 --> 01:34:03,390
Kitu chochote husika hapa?

1292
01:34:04,540 --> 01:34:07,100
Naam, imekuwa ni nzuri sana kuzungumza na wewe wote.

1293
01:34:07,100 --> 01:34:09,690
Natumaini got kitu nje ya semina hii

1294
01:34:09,690 --> 01:34:13,080
ambayo itakuwa na manufaa kwa ajili yenu katika juhudi yako ya baadaye.

1295
01:34:17,330 --> 01:34:19,000
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