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[Powered by Google Translate] [CSS]

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[Joseph Ong - Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]

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[Hii ni CS50. - CS50.TV]

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>> Leo tutaweza kuzungumzia CSS au kuachia Style Sheets.

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>> Basi nini hasa ni CSS?

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Naam, hebu kuvunja CSS mrefu chini katika sehemu 2:

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Kuachia na Style Sheets.

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Kuachia ni kidogo ngumu zaidi, na ni kitu tutaweza cover katika video nyingine.

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Lakini kwa starters, Sinema mashuka sana mwanga katika kile CSS gani.

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Inaongeza mitindo ya HTML wa mtandao ukurasa,

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kubadilisha jinsi ukurasa mtandao aesthetically inaonekana.

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Hii ina maana kila kitu kutoka font Nakala kwa nafasi ya yaliyomo kwenye ukurasa

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kwa mambo mengine ya baridi kama maamuzi pembe ya sanduku mviringo au kuongeza vivuli kwa maandishi.

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Unaweza hata kufanya mambo mambo kama kufanya mambo animate kwenye screen.

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>> Hivyo ni jinsi gani sisi kutumia CSS kwa HTML?

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Chukua tovuti hii maskini-kuangalia mimi tu aliandika.

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Kama Rob walikuwa kuangalia tovuti hii sasa hivi, yeye d pengine kusema kitu kama,

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"Wow utangulizi wangu! Inaonekana kutisha. Joseph, wewe ni designer kubwa."

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"Kutumia Times default font Helvetica? Ni hivyo bora zaidi."

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>> Basi nini inaweza kuwa njia rahisi ya kuomba styling Rob anataka?

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dhahiri zaidi njia ya kura ya watu awali aliandika CSS

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ilikuwa ni kuweka nini sisi kuwaita style maazimio haki katika kipengele yenyewe

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kutumia HTML style sifa.

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tamko style tu lina mali ya kipengele HTML wa CSS tunataka kubadili

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ikifuatiwa na koloni ikifuatiwa na thamani mpya ya mali na semicolon mwishoni.

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Kwa mfano, hebu kusema Rob anataka mpaka nyeusi karibu utangulizi wake.

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Sisi kwanza kuweka sifa style juu div Rob hapa

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kisha ndani ya quotes mbili kuweka tamko CSS:

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"Mpaka: 1px solid nyeusi;"

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Pixel 1 inahusu upana wa mpaka, imara inahusu mtindo wa mpaka,

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na Michezo mwishoni huamua nini rangi mpaka ni.

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>> Kama tunataka nyingi mitindo juu ya kipengele, kuandika maazimio haya katika mlolongo.

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Kwa mfano, kama anataka Rob header yake asilia katika Helvetica na background ya bluu

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na nafasi zaidi duniani asilia, tunaweza kufanya hivyo:

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style = "font-familia: Helvetica; background-color: blue; padding: 5px;"

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semicolon mwisho ni kweli lazima, lakini kwa kawaida watu kuitunza katika kwa ajili ya uthabiti.

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>> Tutaweza kueleza kuokoa baadhi ya mali baridi na ngumu zaidi CSS

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kwa ajili ya video nyingine.

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Kama una kitu katika akili, tu googling athari unataka ikifuatiwa na CSS

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pengine kukupa matokeo pretty nzuri.

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jambo zuri ni kwamba CSS ni pretty pana,

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hivyo ni tabia mbaya kama kuna kitu chochote unataka kufanya - ndani ya sababu -

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CSS pengine unaweza kufanya hivyo.

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Tunatoa wito aina hii ya styling styling inline.

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mtindo kipengele ni vizuri, sambamba na tag mwanzo.

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>> Kwa folks ambao kwa kweli kama kuwa na utaratibu,

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unaweza kuanza kupata kidogo peeved katika jinsi messy hii yote inaonekana.

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Hebu fikiria kama wewe alikuwa na kufanya hili kwa kila kipengele katika ukurasa,

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plus sasa HTML yako na CSS wote intermixed na cluttered.

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Jumla ya Pato la, haki?

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Ili kurekebisha hili, watu hatimaye ilianza kuambukizwa juu kwa kutenganisha yao HTML ghafi

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kutoka styling yao CSS kwa kutumia kitu kinachoitwa CSS selectors.

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Selectors CSS hutumiwa kuchagua vipengele ambayo maazimio ni kutumiwa.

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selector pamoja na orodha ya matamko CSS ni mara nyingi inajulikana kama utawala CSS.

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Sheria hizi atafukuzwa kati tags wazi na karibu HTML style,

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mara nyingi katika kichwa cha hati.

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>> Ni rahisi kuona kwa mfano,

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hivyo hebu kuanza kwa kujenga rahisi CSS utawala.

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Kwanza, hebu kuweka tags mtindo katika sehemu ya kichwa cha HTML yetu.

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Next, selector.

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Tutaweza kuanza kwa kutumia moja ya selectors rahisi, alama hash,

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ambayo kuchagua kipengele HTML na ID sifa yake.

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Katika kesi hii tutaweza kuchagua div kwamba inawakilisha kuanzishwa Rob ya

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kwa kuandika alama hash ikifuatiwa na ID div wa, kuwaibia.

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Sasa maazimio.

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Sisi kuongeza braces wazi na karibu na kuhama maazimio yetu mapema inline kwenye div Rob ya

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ndani ya braces haya, kuburudisha

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na, baridi, Rob wa intro bado ina mpaka nyeusi karibu yake minus messy ubaya inline.

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>> Sasa, nini kama sisi alitaka kuchagua ndani ya h1 ya intro Rob wa?

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Unaweza kufikiri, "Hebu kuweka ID juu yake na kisha kuondoka wetu mitindo mapema."

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Kwamba kazi, lakini CSS ana njia nyingine ya kuruhusu kuchagua vipengele

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kwa kutumia kile tunachokiita combinators kuchanganya selectors rahisi.

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Kwa mfano, tabia whitespace inaweza kutumika kama combinator

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kwa kutaja matukio yote ya 1 selector kwamba kuishi ndani ya selector mwingine.

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Kwamba inaonekana mengi ngumu zaidi kuliko ni kweli ni.

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Hapa ni mfano.

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Sisi aina # kuwaibia, kuongeza nafasi, na kufuata na h1,

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mwingine selector rahisi kuitwa selector tag kwamba kuchagua aina ya mambo ya

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kama divs au aya.

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nafasi unachanganya wetu 2 selectors rahisi, kutumia maazimio yote CSS

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na braces curly kwa tags h1 kwamba kuishi ndani ya kipengele na id = "rob".

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Tu kuwashawishi kwamba ni kazi, mimi itabidi kubadilisha rangi font kwa nyeupe, kuburudisha

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na tazama, header Rob ya sasa ni nyeupe.

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>> Yote ya kazi hii inakwenda kwa kuonyesha kwamba kwa kutumia sheria badala ya mitindo inline

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tunaweza kupata safi zaidi code.

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Kwa kweli, kama hii kuzuia mtindo kuanza kupata kidogo kubwa,

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Siwezi hata kuvuta mitindo haya nje katika faili tofauti kabisa.

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>> Pamoja na faili hii mpya kama CSS katika hati hii mimi itabidi kutumia kiungo HTML wa tag.

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Hapa nina kuwaambia, ni kwamba mimi nina kuunganisha katika karatasi ya nje style, sifa rel,

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na inayobainisha njia ya faili na href sifa zangu.

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Sasa yangu ghafi HTML na CSS ni kupangwa katika nicely files tofauti kabisa,

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ambayo ni karibu daima njia wabunifu wanapendelea kufanya kazi na HTML na CSS.

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>> Katika kesi wewe wanashangaa, selectors rahisi ni pamoja selectors ID

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na tag selectors kama wale sisi niliona tu

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kama vile darasa selectors kwa kuchagua vipengele na darasa fulani,

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sifa selectors kwa ajili ya kuchagua vipengele na sifa nyingine kama aina = "radio"

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kwa ajili ya pembejeo kifungo redio, na pseudoselectors kama hover na kuzingatia

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kwa inayobainisha styling wakati mwingiliano like kipanya juu ya kipengele kutokea.

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>> combinators ya kawaida ni pamoja whitespace kwa watoto wote

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na koma kutofautisha selectors.

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Wengine ni pamoja na unaweza kukutana na mshale kwa watoto moja kwa moja tu,

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tilde kwa ndugu wote kutokea baada ya kipengele,

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na ishara plus kwa sibling 1 kwamba anakuja mara moja baada ya kipengele.

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>> Kwa kuchanganya selectors hizi na combinators,

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unaweza kupanua mbalimbali ya styling unaweza kufikia juu ya ukurasa husika mtandao

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na kuandika CSS kwa ufanisi zaidi.

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Pamoja na michache tu ya mistari ya CSS wewe kuona mimi kuandika hapa,

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Siwezi haraka kufanya kitu kama hii kuangalia kama kitu kama hiki.

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>> Mimi nina Yusufu, na hii ni CS50.

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>> [CS50.TV]

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>> Uh, wapi mimi kuanza?

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Hebu kufanya hivyo bila - [atacheka] Sawa.

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Kuongeza - Hebu mimi kubadili kuwa maneno.

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Ooh. Sorry.