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[Powered by Google Translate] Kazi ni sehemu ya maadili ya kutumika ndani ya mpango kubwa

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kufanya kazi fulani.

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Wao pia inajulikana kama taratibu, subroutines, na subprograms,

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tangu wao kweli ni tu mipango ndani ya mini mipango.

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Hata ingawa unaweza kuwa niliona,

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wewe dhahiri zaidi na kutumika kazi tayari kama umefanya iliyowekwa katika C.

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Wakati kuandika mambo kwa kutumia screen printf,

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wewe ni kweli kutumia kazi kuitwa printf.

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Kadhalika, GetInt na GetString ni kazi ambayo CS50 hutoa kwa ajili yenu.

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Kama programmers, sisi kutumia kazi kwa sababu kadhaa.

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>> Kuwa na kazi ya kufanya kazi ya kawaida kama kuandika kwa screen

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na kusababisha mtumiaji kwa ajili ya pembejeo anaokoa yetu wakati programu.

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Ni si lazima kuandika code kufanya mambo wale sawa

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tangu wao uko tayari amefanya kwa ajili yetu.

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Si hata muhimu kwetu kuelewa hasa jinsi wale utendaji kazi wa ndani.

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Badala yake, sisi tu kujua jinsi ya kutumia au kuwaita katika mipango yetu.

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Ni pia kusaidia kuandika kazi katika programu kubwa

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hata kama wewe si mipango juu ya kuwa na wengine kuzitumia,

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tu ya kugawanya kazi kubwa katika mkono.

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Kwa njia hii, kutoa muundo kwa code yako kiasi kama wewe d kutoa muundo kwa insha,

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na kwa kweli kubwa miradi wewe kuwawezesha watu mbalimbali

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kufanya kazi katika sehemu mbalimbali kwa wakati mmoja

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tangu ni wazi ambapo kazi ya mtu mmoja unamalizika na mwingine huanza.

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>> Kazi kawaida kazi ya pembejeo 1 au zaidi, inayojulikana kama hoja au vigezo,

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kubadilisha pembejeo wale katika thamani ya pato kwamba ni kisha akarudi.

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Hata hivyo, pia inawezekana kuwa na kazi ambazo si kutumia hoja yoyote ya pembejeo

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na wala kurudi pato.

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Okay, ya kutosha pamoja na mambo fluffy.

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Hebu tuangalie baadhi ya majukumu ya kweli katika C.

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>> Hapa tuna kazi kuitwa mraba kwamba, amini au siyo,

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computes mraba ya pembejeo.

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Hebu mchambue syntax ya hiyo.

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neno ya kwanza unaweza kuona katika kazi, int,

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bayana aina ya kurudi kwa kazi, yaani, aina C ya pato kazi ya.

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Kazi hii pato thamani kwa int aina.

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neno ijayo unaweza kuona ni jina la kazi, mraba katika kesi hii.

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Kumtaja kazi ipasavyo ni muhimu hasa

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tangu pengine nyaraka linaloonekana zaidi ya kile kazi gani.

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Inaweza kuwa ya baridi hili jina Shazam kazi au booyah,

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lakini kwamba itakuwa si kutuambia chochote kuhusu nini kazi gani.

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>> Kufuatia jina kazi kuja pembejeo ili kufanya kazi, hoja.

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Wao ni waliotajwa ndani ya seti ya mabano

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na wote aina yao na kutumia jina kwa ajili yao ndani ya mwili wa kazi.

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Square inachukua 1 tu hoja, int ya mraba,

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ambayo nimepata aliamua kumpa jina x.

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Hii mwisho tamko kazi au mfano.

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braces curly jirani ya mapumziko ya kazi

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kuashiria mwanzo na mwisho wa mwili kazi,

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ufafanuzi wa kazi yenyewe.

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Square ni kazi pretty rahisi.

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Ni tu got 1 line, tangu wote sisi kufanya ni kuzidisha x kwa yenyewe.

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kurudi neno bayana thamani ya pato na kuchochea mwisho wa kazi.

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Kutumia kazi za mraba, tunahitaji ugavi pembejeo sahihi

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na kisha kukamata pato.

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Hapa, unaweza kuona michache ya njia ya kufanya hivyo.

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Tunaweza kupita katika int ghafi, kama 6, au tunaweza kupita katika variable kama.

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Kumbuka kwamba kila wakati sisi kuwaita mraba,

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sisi kukamata pato katika kutofautiana na kisha magazeti hayo.

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Hata hivyo, hatuna kuhifadhi thamani ya kurudi katika kutofautiana na kisha magazeti.

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Tunaweza tu kutuma moja kwa moja kwa printf kama sisi kufanya wakati sisi mraba 10,

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lakini hii haina maana kwamba hatuna upatikanaji wa thamani ya kurudi kwa mraba 10

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mahali pengine katika code.

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Hebu tuangalie mfano mwingine rahisi.

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>> Hii wakati, tutaweza sum ikifungwa 2 pamoja ili tuweze kuona nini kazi inaonekana kama

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wakati ni got pembejeo 2 badala ya 1 tu.

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Kama unaweza kuona, si tofauti sana.

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Wote sisi kufanya ni kuongeza katika hoja 2, kuelea aitwaye b,

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kwa orodha hoja kutumia comma ili kujitenga na hoja ya kwanza, kuelea.

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Hivyo, mraba yetu na kazi Jumla ni pretty rahisi kuelewa

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kwa sababu wao ni sawa na kazi ambayo umefanya kuona mbele katika darasa math.

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Sasa, hebu tuangalie kazi ambayo ni tofauti kidogo.

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Badala ya kurejea thamani, ni hugeuza serikali.

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Hii inajulikana kama kuwa na athari upande.

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Katika mpango huu, printf_fudd_style kazi

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ina aina ya kurudi kwamba hatujaona kabla, utupu.

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>> Tupu ni kutumika kwa kusema kwamba kazi haina kurudi chochote.

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Hakuna vigezo ya utupu aina,

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hivyo kama wewe kujaribu kurudi kitu kutoka kazi kama printf_fudd_style,

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compiler itakuwa yell saa wewe.

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Ndani ya printf_fudd_style, tunaona kwamba wakati kazi bado anafanya kazi,

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yaani, byte wote Rupia kwa WS,

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uhakika wa kazi ni kurekebisha kamba na kisha magazeti nje juu ya screen,

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kubadilisha hali ya mpango badala ya kurudi matokeo.

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Kutumia kazi hii ni mengi sana kama vile kutumia mraba yetu na kazi jumla,

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ila hatuna kuhifadhi matokeo katika variable au kupita ni mbali na kazi nyingine

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tangu hakuna matokeo kuyataja.

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Hivyo, wakati sisi kukusanya na kukimbia wetu Elmer Fudd mpango,

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unaweza kuona kwamba "Wewe rascally sungura!" anapata haki ya kubadilishwa

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"Wewe wascally wabbit!"

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>> Hatimaye, kuna 1 zaidi kazi yenye thamani ya kujadili

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tangu tumekuwa kutumia katika kila mpango C ve milele imeandikwa, kuu.

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Kuu ni kazi sana kama mtu mwingine yeyote.

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Ni got aina kurudi, jina, orodha ya hoja, na mwili.

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aina ya kurudi kuu ni daima int,

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na int hii ni kutumika kwa kuwasiliana hadhi ya mpango wakati finishes.

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>> Je, ni kukimbia kwa mafanikio, au alifanya hivyo kumaliza mapema kwa sababu ya makosa?

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Kurudi kwa sifuri inaonyesha kukimbia mafanikio,

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na kurudi thamani yoyote yasiyo ya sifuri inaonyesha makosa.

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Kutegemea aina ya mpango wewe ni kuandika,

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kurudi codes mbalimbali kwa makosa mbalimbali inaweza kusaidia

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kwa watu ambao wanatumia programu yako ya baadaye.

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Mains hoja ni ngumu zaidi kidogo.

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>> orodha hoja yanaweza ama kuwa tupu,

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ambayo sisi zinaonyesha kwa kuandika katika utupu kati ya mabano,

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au orodha inaweza kuwa na hoja 2: int na safu ya Char * s.

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Hizi ni kutumika wakati mpango wako inatarajia kutumia

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hoja kupita katika juu ya mstari amri wakati mpango ni kutenguliwa.

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hoja int ni kawaida kuitwa argc,

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na ni sawa na urefu wa safu Char *, unaojulikana kama argv.

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Argv ina hoja mstari amri kupita katika mpango.

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Katika mwingine mfupi, tutaweza kuzungumzia jinsi ya kutumia vigezo haya kwa undani zaidi.

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Kwa sasa, unaweza kujisikia huru kutangaza kuu ama njia.

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Mimi kawaida kuchagua kuandika ni nje ya njia mfupi, na hoja hakuna, wakati iwezekanavyo.

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>> Sasa kwa kuwa wewe kujua jinsi ya kuandika kazi,

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wewe ni vizuri njia yako kwa kuendeleza kubwa, programu ngumu zaidi.

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Jina langu ni Nate Hardison. Hii ni CS50.