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[Powered by Google Translate] [PHP syntax]

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[Tommy MacWilliam] [Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]

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[Hii ni CS50.] [CS50.TV]

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>> Katika video hii, tutaweza kuanzisha PHP -

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moja ya lugha tutaweza kutumia katika CS50

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kama sisi mpito kwa maendeleo ya mtandao.

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PHP anasimama kwa HyperText PHP Processor,

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au PHP HyperText Processor HyperText Processor,

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na mimi itabidi kuacha hapo.

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PHP ni kifupi kujirudia, ambayo nadhani ni kweli kutisha.

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>> Hivyo, hebu kuandika 'hello dunia katika PHP,

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ambayo itakuwa tofauti kidogo kuliko 'dunia hello' katika C kwamba tumekuwa kuja kujua na kupenda.

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Badala ya kujenga faili inayoitwa hello.c,

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tutaweza kujenga hello.php.

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Yote ya kanuni wetu PHP itakuwa zilizomo kati ya <php? Na?>.

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Kama tuna yoyote kanuni PHP kwamba iko

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nje ya hizi delimiters, itakuwa si nitafanya.

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Tunaweza kuwa kama wengi wa vitalu haya PHP

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kama tunataka ndani ya faili moja PHP.

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Katika PHP hakuna haja kwa kazi kuu.

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Badala yake, yetu kanuni PHP utaendeshwa ili inaonekana katika faili wetu PHP.

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Wote C na PHP na 'printf' kazi kwa outputting data.

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Lakini katika PHP, hatuna haja ya # ni pamoja na files yoyote header kama standardIO.h.

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Hiyo ni kwa sababu katika PHP hatutakuwa kuandaa kanuni zetu.

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Wakati sisi aliandika C kanuni workflow yetu wakijifanya kuwa kufungua

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moja au zaidi c. au. h files, kubadilisha yao, kuandaa yao,

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na kuendesha binary kusababisha.

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Angalia video compilers kwa habari zaidi juu ya mchakato huu.

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>> Tofauti na C, PHP ni kufasiriwa - lugha - kuliko ulioandaliwa.

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Hiyo ina maana kwamba kanuni PHP sisi kuandika

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utaendeshwa kupitia mpango maalum iitwayo mkalimani,

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ambayo kwa upande kutekeleza kanuni yetu.

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Kuendesha kanuni wetu PHP,

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tutaweza kutuma pamoja na mkalimani PHP ambayo itakuwa kushughulikia utekelezaji wake,

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badala ya kuandaa kanuni kwa mashine.

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Hebu angalia mkalimani katika hatua.

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Tutaweza kufungua terminal na kukimbia amri PHP

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ikifuatiwa na njia ya faili PHP tunatarajia kukimbia.

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Tutaweza kusema, 'php hello.php'.

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Na kuna sisi kwenda. Kuna pato la mpango wetu PHP.

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Sisi hakuwa na haja ya kukusanya faili wetu PHP wakati wote.

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Badala yake, tulikuwa na mpango mwingine - mkalimani PHP -

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nitafanya sourcecode kwamba sisi aliandika.

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>> PHP anaweza kufanya mengi zaidi kuliko tu printf.

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Hebu kuandika baadhi ya programu PHP ngumu zaidi.

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syntax kwa constructs - kama kama, mwingine, wakati, kwa, na kubadili -

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ni sawa katika PHP na C.

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Tu kama C, kila aina ya constructs hizi anatumia braces ya kutenga miili yao,

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na kama tu katika C, kila line sisi kuandika

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lazima mwisho na semicolon;

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Hata hivyo, vigezo ni kubebwa kidogo tofauti katika PHP.

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Kwanza, kila vigezo katika PHP lazima kuanza na ishara ya dola.

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Inaonekana kidogo weird mara ya kwanza, lakini utasikia kupata kutumika yake.

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Pili, PHP ni lugha loosely-typed

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ambayo ina maana huna haja ya kupanga orodha

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aina ya kutofautiana wakati wewe kujenga yake.

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Ambapo katika C d haja ya kusema int x = 5;

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au Char y = 'a';

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katika PHP tunaweza tu kusema $ x = 5;

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na $ y = 'a',.

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hiyo inatumika kwa kazi.

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Badala ya kusema f int () {mwili wa kazi yetu},

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katika PHP tunakwenda kusema kazi f () {mwili wa kazi yetu}.

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Hatuna haja ya kupanga bayana aina ya kurudi ya kazi f yetu.

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Kazi katika PHP pia hawana kurudi aina moja

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kila wakati wao ni kunyongwa.

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Kwa mfano, tunaweza kuandika kazi kwamba anarudi uongo juu ya kosa

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na aina nyingine kama ikifanikiwa.

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>> Hii inaweza pia kutusaidia kuandika kazi zaidi ya kurefusha maisha.

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Kwa mfano, tunaweza kuandika moja kuongeza kazi

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kwamba anaweza kurudi integer kama integers 2 wanapewa

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au kuelea kama ikifungwa 2 wanapewa.

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Katika C, tunatarajia haja ya kuandika 2 majukumu tofauti ya kufanya hili.

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Wakati katika C sisi kutumia kuyatumia kwa ajili ya kuongeza na masharti,

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hatutakuwa na uwezo wa kutumia kuyatumia katika PHP.

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Badala yake, wote wawili arrays na masharti ni kujengwa katika aina katika PHP.

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Wao ni kujengwa haki ndani ya lugha.

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Kujenga safu katika PHP tunaweza kusema,

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$ Safu = (1, 2, 3);

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au kwa urahisi zaidi $ = [1, 2, 3];.

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Tunaweza index katika safu hii kwa kutumia sentensi sawa kwamba sisi ni kutumika kutoka C.

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Kupata kipengele kwanza tutaweza kusema, $ [0];.

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PHP pia ina kujengwa katika msaada kwa ajili ya arrays associative.

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Arrays associative ni tu kama hash muundo wa meza data tumekuwa tayari kuona -

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wao ramani muhimu kwa thamani.

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>> Hebu tuangalie mfano.

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Tunaweza kusema, $ wafanyakazi = ["mwalimu" => "david", "tf" => "tommy"];.

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Hapa, nina safu associative na funguo 2 - mwalimu na tf.

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mshale mara mbili, au sawa-zaidi-kuliko,

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hutumiwa kwa tofauti ya muhimu na thamani yake sambamba.

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Hivyo, thamani ya wafanyakazi $ ["tf"] ni kamba "tommy".

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maadili ya safu associative -

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kiasi kama yoyote safu nyingine - inaweza kuwa ya aina yoyote.

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Kwa mfano, tunaweza kusema, $ wafanyakazi = ["mwalimu" => "david", "TFS" => ["tommy", "kuwaibia"]];.

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Sasa thamani ya 'TFS' ni safu.

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Hiyo ina maana kwamba maadili ndani ya safu moja associative inaweza kuwa ya aina mbalimbali.

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>> PHP arrays pia hawana urefu fasta,

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ili tuweze kuongeza au kuondoa mambo kutoka safu.

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Hebu sema tuna safu rahisi kama $ = [1, 2, 3];.

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Kuongeza kipengele mpya ya safu hii,

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tunaweza kusema, $ a [] = 4;.

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Sasa safu yetu ina mambo manne - [1, 2, 3, 4].

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Kumbuka kwamba kama sisi alitaka kufanya kitu kama hiki katika C,

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tunatarajia kuwa na kutenga nzima mwezi safu,

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nakala yaliyomo safu yetu ya kwanza ndani yake,

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na kisha kuweka kipengele mwisho wa safu mpya ya thamani yetu mpya.

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Hii ni rahisi sana katika PHP.

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Kama safu yetu ni safu associative,

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tunaweza tu kufafanua ufunguo mpya ya kujenga kipengele

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kama haipo bado.

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Kama tuna safu yetu mapema - $ wafanyakazi -

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tunaweza kusema $ wafanyakazi ["jumla"] = 3;.

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Sasa tuna muhimu mpya na thamani ya 3.

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>> Kupata idadi ya vipengele katika safu,

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tunaweza kutumia 'kuhesabu' kazi.

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Tukisema, kuhesabu ($);, ambayo itakuwa na thamani ya 4.

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Katika PHP, tunaweza kujenga masharti kutumia nukuu mara mbili au moja,

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hivyo wote wa vigezo hizi ni masharti.

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$ S1 = "kamba"; $ S2 = 'mwingine kamba';.

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Nini tofauti kati ya hizi mbili?

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Naam, ni pretty kawaida wanataka ni pamoja na

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thamani ya ndani ya kutofautiana wa kamba.

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Njia moja ya kufanya hili itakuwa kutumia PHP ya dot operator,

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ambayo concatenates masharti.

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Tunaweza kufanya kitu kama hii -

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$ N = 5; $ s = 'n ni' $ n.;.

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Hapa wetu n kutofautiana ni integer.

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Lakini wakati sisi concatenate ni pamoja na kamba,

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PHP moja kwa moja kubadilisha kwa kamba kwa ajili yetu.

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Au tunaweza tu kutumia quotes mbili kuweka kutofautiana katika kamba yenyewe.

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Tunaweza kusema, $ s = "n ni $ n";.

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Sasa thamani ya $ s itakuwa 'n ni 5'.

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Kama sisi kutumia quotes moja badala yake, kama katika $ s = 'n ni $ n';

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thamani ya s itakuwa 'n ni $ n';.

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thamani ya n si kuwa mbadala kama sisi kutumia quotes moja,

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lakini itakuwa kama sisi kutumia quotes mbili.

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Kama tunataka kutumia quotes mara mbili kwa pamoja na thamani ya safu katika kamba,

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tutaweza haja ya ni pamoja na braces curly kuzunguka safu, kama hii -

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$ S = "{$ wafanyakazi ['taarifa']}";.

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>> Hebu sasa tuangalie kijisehemu kidogo katika C na kutafsiri kwa PHP.

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Hapa, sisi ni kujenga kazi ambayo Prints nje barua ya kamba,

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tabia moja kwa kila mstari.

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Hebu kufanya kitu kimoja katika PHP.

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Kwanza, tutaweza haja yetu delimiters PHP.

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Wakati sisi kazi yetu kujenga,

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hatuna haja ya kutaja kurudi wake aina au aina ya hoja yake.

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S yetu kutofautiana lazima pia kuanza kwa ishara ya dola.

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PHP ya strlen kazi inatupa urefu wa kamba,

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tu kama ya C strlen inatupa urefu wa kamba.

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Chini ya kofia ingawa, kazi hizi ni kweli tofauti kidogo

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tangu kamba ni aina kujengwa katika katika PHP.

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syntax ya yetu 'kwa' kitanzi ni sawa.

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>> Katika PHP, tunaweza pia kutumia safu nukuu kupata wahusika wa kamba.

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Sasa tunaweza kutumia kazi magazeti ya magazeti ya nje ya kila aina mbili wa kamba.

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Na magazeti kazi PHP ya, hatuna haja ya kuwa na wasiwasi kuhusu placeholders -

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kama% c d au% - wakati tunataka magazeti nje ya kutofautiana kwamba si kamba.

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Badala yake, tunaweza tu kupita variable ya aina yoyote kwa kazi magazeti,

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na itakuwa kuongoka kwa kamba na kuonyeshwa.

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Na hiyo ni! Hebu sasa kukimbia faili wetu na 'php print.php'.

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Na kuna pato tuliona kutoka mpango wetu C.

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>> PHP pia inasaidia kujenga iitwayo 'foreach' kitanzi.

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Kitanzi 'foreach' ni kama tu 'kwa' kitanzi,

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lakini anaongeza kidogo cha sukari kisintaksia ya kufanya mambo zaidi someka.

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Hapa, sisi ni kujenga safu mpya inayoitwa '$ safu'.

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Sasa tunaweza kusema, foreach ($ safu kama $ simu),

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na tunaweza magazeti nje ya $ idadi.

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Wakati sisi kukimbia hii faili - php foreach.php-tunaweza kuona kila idadi ya line yake mwenyewe.

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>> Wakati sisi aliandika C kanuni, ilikuwa ni mara nyingi na manufaa kwa kuandaa kanuni zetu katika files tofauti.

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Katika PHP, tunaweza kufanya kitu kimoja.

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Hebu sema tuna kazi chache katika faili iitwayo math.php.

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Kama mimi nataka kutumia kazi hizo katika mwingine faili PHP, kama calculator.php,

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Naweza kutumia require_once PHP ya () kazi.

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Require_once ni kama # pamoja.

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Wakipewa njia ya faili, itakuwa kimsingi nakala na kuweka yaliyomo

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ya kwamba faili katika faili ya sasa.

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Require_once kuhakikisha kwamba kila faili ni pamoja na ndani ya faili sasa mara moja tu,

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ambayo inaweza kuwa na manufaa kama una mkusanyiko mkubwa wa mafaili ya PHP wanaohitaji kila mmoja.

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Hebu tuangalie mfano.

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Hapa tuna mkusanyiko wa kazi ya kwamba Ningependa kutumia katika faili mwingine.

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Hebu tuangalie jinsi ambavyo tunaweza kuvitumia.

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On line 3, sisi ni wanaohitaji math.php.

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'__DIR__' Ni mara kwa mara maalum anayewakilisha saraka ya sasa

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tangu math.php na calculator.php ziko katika saraka ya sawa.

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Baada ya sisi kuhitaji math.php, tunaweza kutumia kazi

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 kama inavyoelezwa tumekuwa nao katika calculator.php.

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Hebu kukimbia hii na 'php calculator.php'. Mkuu!

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>> Hiyo ni kwa ajili ya kuanzishwa zetu kwa syntax PHP ya.

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Ili kujua zaidi, angalia PHP.net.

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PHP ina mengi ya kazi kujengwa katika, na bahati nyaraka zake ni kubwa kweli kweli.

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Jina langu ni Tommy, na hii ni CS50.

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[CS50.TV]

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>> ... Bracket, mimi niko nje ya chumba. Damn it! Hii ni video ya mwisho ambapo mimi kutumia maneno makubwa katika kanuni.