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[Powered by Google Translate] [PHP Web Development]

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[Tommy MacWilliam]

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[Dan huwa CS50.] [CS50.TV]

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>> F'dan il-video, aħna ser jitgħallmu dwar l-użu PHP għall-iżvilupp web.

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PHP hija lingwa scripting li jistgħu jintużaw biex jiġu implimentati

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websajts fuq web server.

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A web server huwa essenzjalment magna ddedikata biex tipprovdi kontenut

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li jistgħu jiġu aċċessati permezz tal-internet.

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Meta inti jinnaviga għal paġna web bħal Facebook.com / home.php

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il-kodiċi fil-fajl imsejjaħ home.php li jgħix fuq web server Facebook x'imkien

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għandhom jitwettqu fuq dak server.

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Dan il-kodiċi x'aktarx se jiġġeneraw xi output

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li mbagħad jintbagħtu mis-server

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għall-web browser tiegħek.

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Aħna ser tkun qed tuża l-appliance CS50 bħala web server.

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Magna tiegħek probabbilment mhux se jkun kważi bħala qawwi l-magni

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fil-Facebook data center, iżda inti ser ikollok ebda problema jużawh għall-iżvilupp web.

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>> Meta aħna jinnavigaw URL bħal http://localhost/hello.php

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aħna kkonfigurat l-apparat permezz ta 'applikazzjoni imsejjaħ il-server Apache HTTP

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biex tfittex fajl imsejjaħ hello.php ġewwa tad-dar / jharvard / vhosts / localhosts / html b'kontumaċja.

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Jekk jeżisti dan il-fajl mbagħad Apache ser tuża l-interpretu PHP

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biex tesegwixxi l-kodiċi PHP fil hello.php.

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Jekk dan il-fajl ma teżistix allura Apache se tarmi żball ma sabet

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jew 404 żball, li inti ħadthom probabbilment jidhru filwaqt browsing il-Web.

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>> Ejja tagħti ħarsa lejn hello.php.

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Nistgħu naraw hawnhekk li hello.php jiġġenera linja tas-sinjal tal-output.

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Meta aħna dam hello.php fil-linja tal-kmand permezz hello.php PHP

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li l-produzzjoni kienet stampata l-terminal.

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Issa, meta aħna jkollhom aċċess dan il-fajl permezz ta 'URL fil-web browser

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output tiegħu jintbagħat lill-web browser,

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hekk intestatura għall-URL, http://localhost/hello.php,

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nistgħu naraw l-output fil-web browser tagħna.

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>> Ejja tipprova żżid printf ieħor għall-programm tagħna dinja bonjour.

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Okay, ejja ras lura lill-web browser u ara dak li għandna.

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Interessanti.

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Pjuttost milli istampar linja oħra fuq il-linja tagħha stess, kif inti raw

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fil-terminal, jidher qisu ltqajna smushed fuq l-istess linja

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bħala l-printf oħra, linji hekk forsi ġodda ma jaħdmux fil-PHP.

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Mhux pjuttost.

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Ftakar li HTML tipikament jintuża biex toħloq paġni tal-web

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li tista 'tintwera mill web browsers.

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Mhux biss huwa l-sekwenza bonjour minn PHP HTML mhix valida,

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iżda tfakkar li aħna ma tistax tuża l-karattru \ n HTML

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biex jinħoloq break linja.

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Minflok sempliċiment outputting output valida HTML a let string ta.

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Bl-użu paragrafu tags kull waħda ta 'sejħiet printf tagħna

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se jintwerew fuq il-linja tagħha stess,

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hekk issa meta aħna żur il tipponta URL li valid.php

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http://localhost/valid.php

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naraw l-output li aħna qed tfittex.

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>> Issa, jekk aħna ħsieb is-sors ta 'din il-paġna

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nistgħu naraw li aħna issa qed tħares lejn HTML validu,

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li ħloqna mill PHP.

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Tqegħid kollha ta HTML tagħna ġewwa sejħiet printf

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huwa naturalment se jiksbu verament annoying.

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Fortunatament nistgħu faċilment jitħalltu HTML u PHP

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fl-istess fajl PHP..

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Ftakar, kollha tal-kodiċi PHP tagħna għandu jkun magħluq ġewwa <? PHP

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u?>.

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Dak kollu li mhuwiex magħluq ġo dawn delimiters

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sempliċiment se jintbagħtu bħala output lill-browser

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aktar milli jkunu esegwiti.

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Dan ifisser li nistgħu nagħmlu xi ħaġa bħal din.

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Nistgħu sempliċement jiktbu HTML ġewwa ta '. Fajl PHP tagħna

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u mbagħad daħħal blokki PHP fejn aħna tixtieq xi kodiċi PHP jiġu eżegwiti.

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Hawnhekk aħna jiddefinixxu ftit varjabbli fil-quċċata tal-fajl,

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u wara aħna tipprintjahom ġewwa tal HTML tagħna.

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Issa jekk aħna żjara dan il-URL, http://localhost/mixed.php

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nistgħu naraw PHP evalwati tagħna ġewwa tal HTML tagħna.

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>> Issa ejja tagħti ħarsa lejn kif nistgħu jgħaddu data

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fost paġni tagħna PHP varji.

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Pjuttost milli qal <php print ($ a);?>

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nistgħu sempliċement jgħidu <? = il-fattur aħna tixtieq li jistampaw, jew,

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u?>.

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Ejja issa tagħti ħarsa lejn kif nistgħu jgħaddu data

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fost paġni tagħna PHP varji.

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Mod wieħed nistgħu nagħmlu dan huwa li encode informazzjoni fil-URL ta 'paġna.

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Meta browsing il-Web, inti jista 'jkollok ndunat li xi URLs

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fihom? segwit minn sensiela fih ampersands u sinjali ugwali.

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Din il-parti tal-URL huwa magħruf bħala l-sekwenza mistoqsija,

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u dan jippermetti li inti tgħaddi b'mod effettiv argumenti sabiex iskrittura PHP tiegħek.

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L-sekwenza mistoqsija tikkonsisti pari ewlenin ta 'valur, bħad tabella hash.

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Sinjal ugwali jifred ewlieni u l-valur korrispondenti

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filwaqt ampersands pari separati.

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A URL li qisu http://localhost/get.php?foo=bar&baz=qux

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għandu 2 pari valur ewlenin fil-sekwenza mistoqsija.

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Il foo ċavetta mapep għall-bar-valur,

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u l baz muftieħ mapep għall-QUX valur.

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Nistgħu faċilment aċċess dawn il-pari b'valur ewlenin li jużaw varjabbli speċjali PHP,

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$ _GET.

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$ _GET Huwa firxa assoċjattiva

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li huwa awtomatikament popolati data string query.

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Dan ifisser li minħabba dan il-URL $ _GET ["foo"]

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se jkun ugwali għall-bar string.

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>> Ejja tagħti ħarsa lejn get.php biex tara $ _GET fl-azzjoni.

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Hawnhekk aħna qed tuża funzjoni msejħa var_dump,

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li meta tingħata l-firxa jew varjabbli oħra

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se print it out għalina.

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Issa jekk aħna sempliċiment aċċess http://localhost/get.php

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allura aħna ser tara l-firxa vojta għaliex aħna ma pprovdewx string query.

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Jekk aħna ma jipprovdu string query via http://localhost/get.php?foo=bar&baz=qux

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allura nistgħu naraw li l-varjabbli $ _GET se jkun fih

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pari valur ewlenin tal-string query'S.

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Imma dak jekk aħna ma jridux jitqiegħdu data tagħna ġewwa l-URL tal-paġna?

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Għal ammonti kbar ta 'data, dan jista' jirriżulta f'xi URLs pretty ikrah

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li ser jagħmlu tleqq ħarsa website lame tagħna.

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Nistgħu minflok tpoġġi l-string query fil-ġisem

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tat-talbiet HTTP minflok URL it-talba tal.

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Imbagħad nistgħu nużaw $ _POST varjabbli PHP

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għall-aċċess għall-pari b'valur ewlenin.

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Mod wieħed biex dan isir huwa permezz ta 'formola HTML.

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Hawnhekk għandna formola HTML sempliċi.

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Avviż hawnhekk li l-metodu attribut ta 'din il-formola hija post.

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Dan jirrakkonta l-browser li tqiegħed pari valur ewlenin fil-formola

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fil-korp tat-talba minflok l-URL.

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>> Jekk konna li jużaw il-valur tikseb għal dan l-attribut

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imbagħad pari valur ewlenin fil-formola kieku minflok tmur fis-sekwenza mistoqsija,

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hekk nistgħu jkollhom aċċess għalihom permezz $ _GET ġdid.

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L-attribut azzjoni tal-formola jirrakkonta l-browser fejn jibgħat l-informazzjoni.

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Hawnhekk elementi input 2 tagħna jkollhom attributi isem.

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Il-valur ta 'l-attributi isem se jservu bħala ċwievet f'dejta tagħna,

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u l-valuri ta 'l-inputs test se jsiru valuri ta' dawk il-keys.

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Issa ejja tagħti ħarsa lejn post.php,

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il-file li din il-formola sottomissjoni lill.

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Eżatt bħal għamilna qabel, aħna qed sempliċement juri l-kontenut tal-varjabbli $ _POST.

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>> Ejja jinnaviga-formola bl http://localhost/form.php.

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Issa meta aħna jippreżentaw il-formola nistgħu naraw li d-data mill form.php

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jiġi mgħoddi lis post.php mingħajr jpoġġu string query għall-URL.

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Issa Rajna 2 modi differenti li jgħaddu data bejn paġni PHP,

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jiksbu u post.

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Fl-eżempji tagħna, użajna 2 tipi differenti ta 'talbiet HTTP.

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Kif inti tista 'tistenna, talba get kien użat meta aħna popolati

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$ _GET Mill-URL, u talba post intuża

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meta aħna popolati $ _POST.

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Fit-tfassil apps web tiegħek huwa istat tajjeb ta 'thumb għall-użu talbiet nikseb-

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meta app tiegħek ser jinqara biss data, u t-talbiet post

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meta app tiegħek se jikteb data.

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Per eżempju, tfittxija query se jaqra data mill app tiegħek,

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hekk talba get jagħmel sens.

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Min-naħa l-oħra, app tiegħek se jikteb data via xi ħaġa bħal formola ta 'reġistrazzjoni,

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hekk talba post jagħmel aktar sens, u li l-ħarsa ġenerali ta 'wħud mill-tekniki

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aħna ser tkun qed tuża fil CS50 biex joħolqu websajts jużaw PHP.

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>> Jisimni Tommy, u dan huwa CS50.

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[CS50.TV]