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[Powered by Google Translate] [PHP Maendeleo ya Mtandao]

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[Tommy MacWilliam]

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[Hii ni CS50.] [CS50.TV]

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>> Katika video hii, tutaweza kujifunza kuhusu PHP kwa ajili ya maendeleo ya mtandao.

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PHP ni lugha scripting ambayo inaweza kutumika kutekeleza

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tovuti kwenye mtandao wa kompyuta.

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server mtandao kimsingi ni mashine kujitolea na kutoa maudhui

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ambazo zinaweza kupatikana kupitia mtandao.

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Wakati Nenda kwenye ukurasa wa mtandao kama Facebook.com / home.php

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code katika faili iitwayo home.php ambayo anaishi katika Picha mtandao wa kompyuta mahali fulani

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itakuwa imetekelezwa juu ya kwamba server.

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Kanuni hii kuna uwezekano kuzalisha baadhi ya pato

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ambayo kwa upande kutumwa kutoka server

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mtandao browser yako.

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Tutaweza kutumia CS50 appliance kama mtandao wa kompyuta.

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Mashine yako pengine si kuwa karibu kama nguvu kama mashine

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katika kituo cha data Facebook, lakini itabidi hakuna tatizo kutumia kwa ajili ya maendeleo ya mtandao.

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>> Wakati sisi navigate kwa URL kama http://localhost/hello.php

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sisi configure appliance kupitia maombi ya kuitwa server Apache HTTP

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kuangalia kwa faili inayoitwa hello.php ndani ya nyumba / jharvard / vhosts / localhosts / html by default.

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Kama faili kwamba ipo kisha Apache kutumia PHP mkalimani

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kutekeleza kanuni PHP katika hello.php.

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Kama faili kwamba haipo kisha Apache kutupa makosa si kupatikana

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au kosa 404, ambayo umefanya pengine kuonekana wakati kuvinjari mtandao.

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>> Hebu tuangalie hello.php.

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Tunaweza kuona hapa kwamba hello.php inazalisha line ishara ya pato.

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Wakati sisi mbio hello.php katika mstari amri kupitia php hello.php

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pato kwamba kuchapishwa kwa wastaafu.

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Sasa, wakati sisi kupata faili hii kupitia URL katika kivinjari

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matokeo yake watapelekwa mtandao browser,

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hivyo viongozi wa URL, http://localhost/hello.php,

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tunaweza kuona pato katika mtandao wetu browser.

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>> Hebu jaribu kuongeza printf mwingine hujambo dunia programu yetu.

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Okay, hebu kichwa nyuma kivinjari na kuona nini tuna.

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Kuvutia.

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Badala ya uchapishaji line mwingine juu ya mstari yake mwenyewe, kama wewe ingekuwa kuonekana

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katika terminal, inaonekana kama got smushed kwenye mstari huo

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kama printf nyingine, mistari hivyo labda mpya kufanya kazi katika PHP.

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Kabisa.

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Kumbuka kwamba HTML ni kawaida kutumika kujenga kurasa za mtandao

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ambayo yanaweza kuonyeshwa na browsers mtandao.

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Si tu ni kamba Habari kutoka php HTML si halali,

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lakini kukumbuka kwamba hatuwezi kutumia \ n tabia katika HTML

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kujenga line ya mapumziko.

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Badala ya tu outputting pato HTML string hebu halali.

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Kwa kutumia vitambulisho aya kila ya simu yetu printf

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kuonyeshwa kwenye line yake mwenyewe,

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hivyo sasa wakati sisi kutembelea URL akizungumzia valid.php

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http://localhost/valid.php

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tunaona pato kwamba sisi ni kuangalia kwa.

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>> Sasa, kama sisi kuona chanzo cha ukurasa hii

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tunaweza kuona kwamba sisi ni sasa kuangalia HTML halali,

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ambayo sisi iliyoundwa kutoka kwa PHP.

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Kuweka yote ya HTML yetu ndani ya wito printf

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ni bila shaka kwenda kupata kweli annoying.

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Kwa bahati tunaweza kwa urahisi kuchanganya HTML na PHP

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katika huo. php file.

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Kumbuka, yote ya PHP code yetu lazima iliyoambatanishwa ndani ya <? Php

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na?>.

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Kitu chochote ambacho si iliyoambatanishwa ndani ya delimiters haya

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mapenzi tu kutumwa kama pato browser

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badala ya kunyongwa.

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Hiyo ina maana tunaweza kufanya kitu kama hiki.

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Tunaweza tu kuandika HTML ndani ya php yetu file.

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na kisha kuingiza PHP vitalu popote tunatarajia baadhi ya kanuni php wauawe.

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Hapa sisi kufafanua vigezo chache juu ya faili,

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na baadaye sisi magazeti yao nje ya ndani ya HTML yetu.

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Sasa kama sisi kutembelea URL huu, http://localhost/mixed.php

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tunaweza kuona PHP yetu tathmini ndani ya HTML yetu.

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>> Sasa hebu tuangalie ni jinsi gani tunaweza kupita data

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kati ya kurasa zetu mbalimbali PHP.

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Badala ya kusema <php magazeti ($ a);?>

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tunaweza tu kusema <? = variable tunatarajia magazeti, au,

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na?>.

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Hebu sasa tuangalie ni jinsi gani tunaweza kupita data

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kati ya kurasa zetu mbalimbali PHP.

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Njia moja tunaweza kufanya hivyo ni encode habari katika URL ya ukurasa.

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Wakati kuvinjari mtandao, unaweza kuwa na niliona kwamba baadhi ya URL

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vyenye? ikifuatiwa na kamba zenye ampersands na ishara sawa.

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Hii ni sehemu ya URL inajulikana kama kamba swala,

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na hii inaruhusu kwa ufanisi kupita hoja ya PHP yako script.

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kamba swala lina thamani jozi muhimu, kama vile meza hash.

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ishara sawa hutenganisha muhimu na thamani yake sambamba

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wakati ampersands tofauti jozi.

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URL kwamba inaonekana kama http://localhost/get.php?foo=bar&baz=qux

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ina 2 jozi thamani muhimu katika kamba swala.

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foo muhimu ramani kwa bar thamani,

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na bazi muhimu ramani kwa thamani qux.

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Tunaweza kwa urahisi kupata huduma hizi za thamani jozi muhimu kutumia variable maalum katika PHP,

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$ _GET.

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$ _GET Ni safu associative

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kwamba ni moja kwa moja wakazi na data kamba swala.

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Hiyo ina maana kuwa kutokana na hii URL $ _GET ["foo"]

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itakuwa sawa na kamba bar.

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>> Hebu tuangalie get.php kuona $ _GET katika action.

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Hapa sisi ni kutumia kazi kuitwa var_dump,

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ambayo wakipewa safu au kutofautiana nyingine

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magazeti ni kwa ajili yetu.

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Sasa kama sisi tu kupata http://localhost/get.php

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kisha tutaweza kuona safu tupu kwa sababu sisi si zinazotolewa kamba swala.

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Kama sisi kufanya kutoa kamba hoja kupitia http://localhost/get.php?foo=bar&baz=qux

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kisha tunaweza kuona kwamba $ _GET variable vyenye

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kamba swala muhimu ya thamani jozi.

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Lakini nini kama hatutaki kuweka data yetu ndani ya URL ya ukurasa?

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Kwa kiasi kikubwa cha data, hii inaweza kusababisha baadhi URLs pretty ugly

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kwamba ni kwenda kufanya shiny wetu tovuti kuangalia vilema.

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Tunaweza badala yake kuweka kamba swala ndani ya mwili

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ya maombi HTTP badala ya ombi ya URL.

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Basi tunaweza kutumia PHP ya $ _POST variable

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kupata thamani jozi muhimu.

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Njia moja ya kufanya hili ni kupitia fomu HTML.

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Hapa tuna rahisi HTML aina.

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Taarifa hapa kwamba njia sifa ya aina hii ni baada ya.

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Hii inaonyesha browser kuweka aina ya thamani jozi muhimu

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ndani ya mwili wa ombi badala ya URL.

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>> Kama tulikuwa na kutumia thamani kwa ajili ya kupata sifa hii

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kisha aina ya thamani jozi muhimu badala yake kwenda katika kamba swala,

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hivyo tunaweza kupata yao kupitia $ _GET tena.

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hatua sifa ya aina anaelezea kisakuzi ambapo kutuma data.

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Hapa wetu 2 pembejeo mambo na sifa jina.

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thamani ya sifa jina kutumika kama funguo ndani ya data yetu,

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na maadili ya pembejeo Nakala itakuwa maadili ya funguo hizo.

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Sasa hebu tuangalie post.php,

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file kwamba fomu hii ni kuwasilisha kwa.

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Tu kama sisi alifanya mbele, sisi ni tu kwa kuonyesha yaliyomo ya $ _POST kutofautiana.

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>> Hebu navigate kwa fomu kwa http://localhost/form.php.

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Sasa wakati sisi kuwasilisha fomu tunaweza kuona kwamba data kutoka form.php

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ni kupita kwa post.php bila appending kamba swala URL.

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Sasa tumeona njia 2 mbalimbali ya kupita data kati ya kurasa PHP,

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kupata na baada ya.

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Katika mifano yetu, sisi kutumika 2 aina mbalimbali za maombi HTTP.

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Kama unaweza kutarajia, kupata ombi ilitumika wakati sisi wakazi

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$ _GET Kutoka URL, na ombi baada ilikuwa kutumiwa

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wakati sisi wakazi $ _POST.

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Katika kubuni programu yako ya mtandao ni utawala bora wa thumb kutumia maombi kupata

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wakati programu yako tu kusoma data, na maombi baada ya

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wakati programu yako kuandika data.

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Kwa mfano, search query kusoma data kutoka programu ya yako,

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hivyo kupata ombi hufanya akili.

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Kwa upande mwingine, programu yako kuandika data kupitia kitu kama fomu ya usajili,

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hivyo ombi baada ingekuwa kufanya maana zaidi, na kwamba maelezo ya jumla ya baadhi ya mbinu

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tutaweza kutumia katika CS50 kuunda tovuti kwa kutumia PHP.

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>> Jina langu ni Tommy, na hii ni CS50.

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[CS50.TV]