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[Powered by Google Translate] I gcláir, is gá dúinn go minic chun ionadaíocht a dhéanamh ar liostaí na luachanna,

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cosúil leis an ainmneacha na mac léinn i rannóg

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nó a n-scóir ar an tráth na gceist is déanaí.

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>> Sa teanga C, a dhearbhú gur féidir arrays a úsáid

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chun liostaí a stóráil.

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Tá sé éasca a enumerate na gnéithe de liosta

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stóráil in eagar, agus más gá duit chun rochtain a

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nó a mhodhnú an ghné liosta sháith

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do roinnt innéacs treallach mé,

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is féidir a dhéanamh in am i gcónaí,

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ach eagair míbhuntáistí a bheith acu, freisin.

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>> Nuair a dhearbhú dóibh, táimid ag teastáil a rá

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suas chun tosaigh cé chomh mór atá siad,

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is é sin, cé mhéad gnéithe féidir iad a stóráil

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agus cé chomh mór na heilimintí seo iad, atá arna chinneadh ag a n-cineál.

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Mar shampla, slánuimhir Arr (10)

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Is féidir a stóráil 10 míreanna

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Tá go bhfuil an méid ina slánuimhir.

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>> Ní féidir linn a athrú le sraith ar mhéid tar éis dearbhú.

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Ní mór dúinn a dhéanamh ar raon nua más mian linn a stóráil eilimintí níos mó.

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Is é an chúis ann leis an teorainn go bhfuil ár

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clár stórálann an réimse iomlán

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mar smután tadhlach de chuimhne.

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Abair é seo an maolán i gcás stóráil againn in ár eagar.

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Fhéadfadh a bheith ann athróga eile

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suite ceart aice leis an eagar

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i gcuimhne, mar sin ní féidir linn

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ach a dhéanamh ar an eagar níos mó.

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>> Uaireanta ba mhaith linn a thrádáil ar an raon luas rochtana tapa sonraí

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le haghaidh solúbthachta beagán níos mó.

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Cuir isteach an liosta nasctha, struchtúr eile sonraí bunúsacha

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nach dtiocfadh leat a bheith chomh eolach.

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Ag leibhéal ard,

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Stórálann liosta nasctha sonraí i sraith de nóid

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atá nasctha le chéile le naisc,

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mar sin, an t-ainm 'liosta nasctha.'

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Mar beidh orainn a fheiceáil, an difríocht i ndearadh

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cúis le buntáistí éagsúla agus na míbhuntáistí a

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ná eagar.

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>> Seo roinnt cód C le haghaidh liosta an-simplí nasctha na slánuimhreacha.

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Is féidir leat a fheiceáil go bhfuil muid ionadaíocht gach nód

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ar an liosta mar struct ina bhfuil 2 rudaí,

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slánuimhir a stóráil ar a dtugtar 'val'

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agus nasc leis an nód seo chugainn ar an liosta

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a ionadaíocht againn mar pointeoir ar a dtugtar 'seo chugainn.'

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Sa tslí seo, is féidir linn a rian ar an liosta iomlán

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le pointeoir ach amháin leis an nód 1,

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agus ansin is féidir linn leanúint ar an leideanna romhainn

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leis an nód 2,

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leis an nód 3,

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leis an nód 4,

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agus mar sin de, go dtí go bhfaigheann muid go dtí an deireadh an liosta.

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>> D'fhéadfá a bheith in ann a fheiceáil 1 buntáiste aige seo

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thar an struchtúr sraith statach - le liosta nasctha,

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ní mór dúinn le smután mór de chuimhne ar fad.

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D'fhéadfaí an nód 1 ar an liosta beo ag an áit seo i gcuimhne,

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agus d'fhéadfadh a bheith ar an nód 2 léir ar an mbealach thar anseo.

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Is féidir linn a fháil do na nóid aon ábhar ina bhfuil siad i gcuimhne,

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mar gheall ag tosú ag an nód 1, gach nód ar pointeoir eile

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insíonn dúinn go díreach cá háit le dul amach romhainn.

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>> Ina theannta sin, ní féidir linn a rá suas chun tosaigh

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cé chomh mór a bheidh ar liosta nasc ar an mbealach a dhéanann muid le arrays statach,

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toisc gur féidir linn a choinneáil nóid cur le liosta

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chomh fada agus tá spás áit éigin i gcuimhne do nóid nua.

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Dá bhrí sin, tá liostaí nasctha éasca a athrú dinimiciúil.

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Abair, níos déanaí sa chlár is gá dúinn a chur nóid níos mó

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isteach inár liosta.

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A chur isteach i nód nua a thabhairt isteach ar ár liosta ar an eitilt,

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gach ní mór dúinn a dhéanamh ná a cuimhne a dháileadh le haghaidh an nód,

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plop i luach sonraí,

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agus ansin, áit é an áit ba mhaith linn a leasú trí na leideanna cuí.

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>> Mar shampla, má bhíomar ag iarraidh chun áit a nód i idir

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an nóid 2ú agus 3ú an liosta,

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 ní ba mhaith linn a bhogadh na nóid 2 nó 3 ar chor ar bith.

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Abair táimid isteach an nód dearg.

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Gach ba mhaith linn a dhéanamh ná a leagtar ar an nód nua pointeoir seo chugainn

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a chur in iúl leis an nód 3

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agus rewire ansin an nód 2 ar pointeoir eile

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a chur in iúl ar ár nód nua.

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Mar sin, is féidir linn a Athraigh ár liostaí ar an eitilt

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ós rud é nach bhfuil ar ár ríomhaire ag brath ar innéacsú,

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ach ar nascadh leideanna a úsáid chun iad a stóráil.

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>> Liostaí sin féin, faoi mhíbhuntáiste de nasctha

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is é sin, murab ionann agus sraith statach,

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ní féidir leis an ríomhaire a léim díreach go dtí an lár an liosta.

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Ós rud é go bhfuil an ríomhaire chun cuairt a thabhairt gach nód sa liosta nasctha

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a fháil chun an céad ceann eile,

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tá sé ag dul a ghlacadh níos faide a fháil nód ar leith

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ná mar a bheadh ​​sé i sraith.

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Chun lean Bíonn an liosta iomlán ama comhréireach

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le fad an liosta,

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nó O (n) i nodaireacht asymptotic.

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Ar an meán, a bhaint amach ar aon nód

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freisin Tógann am i gcomhréir leis n.

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>> Anois, a ligean ar scríobh iarbhír roinnt cód

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go n-oibríonn le liostaí nasctha.

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Ligean le rá ba mhaith linn liosta nasctha de slánuimhreacha.

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Is féidir linn ionadaíocht a dhéanamh ar nód i ár liosta arís

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mar struct le 2 réimsí,

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luach slánuimhir a dtugtar 'val'

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agus pointeoir in aice leis an nód eile den liosta.

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Bhuel is cosúil, simplí go leor.

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>> Ligean le rá ba mhaith linn a scríobh le feidhm

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a thrasnaíonn an liosta agus priontaí amach na

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luach atá stóráilte sa nód deiridh den liosta.

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Bhuel, ciallaíonn sé go beidh orainn a Traverse na nóid ar an liosta

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chun teacht ar an ceann deireanach, ach ós rud é nach bhfuil muid ag cur

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nó a scriosadh rud ar bith, nach bhfuil muid ag iarraidh a athrú

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struchtúr inmheánach na leideanna eile ar an liosta.

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>> Mar sin, beidh orainn gá pointeoir go sonrach le haghaidh traversal

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a beidh muid ag glaoch 'crawler.'

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Beidh sé crawl trí gach gné den liosta

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trí na slabhra leideanna seo chugainn.

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Tá gach ní mór dúinn a stóráil ar pointeoir leis an nód 1,

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nó 'ceann' an liosta.

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Pointí Ceann leis an nód 1.

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Tá sé de chineál pointeoir-go-nód.

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>> Chun a fháil ar iarbhír an 1ú nód ar an liosta,

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ní mór dúinn a téigh i pointeoir seo,

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ach sular féidir linn téigh é, ní mór dúinn a sheiceáil

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má tá an biorán nialasach ar dtús.

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Má tá sé null, tá an liosta folamh,

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agus ba chóir dúinn a phriontáil amach teachtaireacht, toisc go bhfuil an liosta folamh,

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níl aon nód seo caite.

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Ach, a rá a ligean ar nach bhfuil an liosta folamh.

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Más rud é nach bhfuil sé, ansin ba chóir dúinn crawl tríd an liosta iomlán

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go dtí go bhfaigheann muid go dtí an nód deiridh an liosta,

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agus conas is féidir linn a insint má tá muid ag breathnú ar an nód deiridh sa liosta?

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>> Bhuel, má tá nód ar pointeoir eile faoin margadh saothair,

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tá a fhios againn táimid ag an deireadh

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ós rud é go mbeadh an pointeoir deiridh eile nach bhfuil aon nód seo chugainn ar an liosta a chur in iúl go.

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Tá dea-chleachtas é a choinneáil i gcónaí ar an nód seo caite pointeoir eile initialized nialasach

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go bhfuil maoin caighdeánaithe a foláirimh dúinn nuair atá bainte amach againn an deireadh an liosta.

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>> Mar sin, má tá crawler → chugainn faoin margadh saothair,

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cuimhnigh go bhfuil an chomhréir arrow aicearra chun dereferencing

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ar pointeoir go struct, rochtain a fháil ar ansin

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dá réimse eile coibhéiseach leis an awkward:

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(* Crawler). Seo chugainn.

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Nuair atá againn fuair an nód deiridh,

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ba mhaith linn a phriontáil crawler → Val,

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an luach sa nód reatha

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Tá a fhios againn an ceann deireanach.

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Seachas sin, más rud é nach bhfuil muid go fóill ag an nód deiridh sa liosta,

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ní mór dúinn a bhogadh ar aghaidh go dtí an nód seo chugainn ar an liosta

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agus seiceáil más rud é go an ceann deireanach.

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Chun seo a dhéanamh, a leag muid ach ár pointeoir crawler

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a chur in iúl leis an nód reatha luach seo chugainn,

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is é sin, an nód seo chugainn ar an liosta.

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Déantar é seo trí leagan

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crawler = crawler → seo chugainn.

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Ansin againn arís an próiseas seo, le lúb mar shampla,

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go dtí go bhfaighidh muid ag an nód deiridh.

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Mar sin, mar shampla, má bhí crawler dírithe ar cheann,

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a leag muid crawler a chur in iúl do crawler → seo chugainn,

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Is é atá mar an gcéanna leis an réimse eile den nód 1.

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Mar sin, tá anois ar ár crawler dírithe ar an nód 2,

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agus, arís, arís muid seo le lúb,

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go dtí go atá déanta againn go raibh an nód deiridh, is é sin,

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ina bhfuil an nód ar pointeoir eile atá dírithe ar nialasach.

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Agus ní mór dúinn é,

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tá muid fuair an nód deiridh sa liosta, agus a phriontáil a luach,

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linn a úsáid ach crawler → Val.

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>> Ní thrasnaíonn olc sin, ach cad faoi chur isteach?

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Let a rá ba mhaith linn a chur isteach slánuimhir isteach sa suíomh 4

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i liosta slánuimhir.

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Is é sin idir na nóid atá ann faoi láthair 3 agus 4.

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Arís, ní mór dúinn an liosta lean ach

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a fháil chun an ghné 3, an ceann táimid ag chur isteach i ndiaidh.

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Mar sin, ní mór dúinn a chruthú pointeoir crawler arís chun Traverse an liosta,

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seiceáil an bhfuil ár n-pointeoir nialasach ceann,

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agus más rud é nach bhfuil sé, pointe ár pointeoir crawler ag an nód ceann.

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Mar sin, táimid ag an eilimint 1.

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Ní mór dúinn dul ar aghaidh 2 heilimintí níos mó sular féidir linn a chur isteach,

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ionas gur féidir linn a úsáid le haghaidh lúb

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slánuimhir i = 1; i <3; i + +

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agus i ngach leagan den lúb,

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chun cinn ár n-pointeoir crawler ar aghaidh ag 1 nód

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ag seiceáil má tá an nód reatha réimse eile faoin margadh saothair,

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agus más rud é nach bhfuil sé, ár pointeoir crawler a bhogadh chuig an nód seo chugainn

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ag leagan síos comhionann é leis an nód reatha pointeoir seo chugainn.

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Mar sin, a deir ós rud é ár lúb le haghaidh a dhéanamh go

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faoi ​​dhó,

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tá muid bainte amach an nód 3,

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agus tá ár n-pointeoir crawler sroichte ach amháin nuair an nód tar éis

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a ba mhaith linn a chur isteach ar ár slánuimhir nua,

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conas is féidir linn i ndáiríre a dhéanamh ar an chur isteach?

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>> Bhuel, tá ár slánuimhir nua a chur isteach ar an liosta

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mar chuid dá struct nód féin,

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ós rud é seo i ndáiríre sraith de nóid.

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Mar sin, a ligean ar a pointeoir nua a dhéanamh ar nód

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ar a dtugtar 'new_node,'

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agus leag sé a chur in iúl chun cuimhne go bhfuil muid a leithdháileadh anois

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ar an gcarn le haghaidh an nód féin,

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agus cé mhéid a chuimhne is gá dúinn a leithroinnt?

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Bhuel, an méid nód,

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agus ba mhaith linn dá réimse Val leagtar dtí an tslánuimhir is go ba mhaith linn a chur isteach.

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Ligean le rá, 6.

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Anois, tá an nód dár luach slánuimhir.

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Tá sé freisin dea-chleachtas a thúsú an nód nua réimse seo chugainn

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a chur in iúl nialasach,

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ach anois cad é?

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>> Tá a athrú ar an struchtúr inmheánach an liosta

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agus na leideanna seo chugainn atá ar an liosta ar ann cheana féin

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Nóid 3 agus 4.

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Ós rud é na leideanna seo chugainn an t-ord an liosta,

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agus ós rud é tá muid isteach ar ár nód nua

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ceart i lár an liosta,

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Is féidir é a bheith ina giotán tricky.

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Tá sé seo toisc, cuimhnigh, is é ár ríomhaire

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ach amháin a fhios ag an suíomh na nóid ar an liosta

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mar gheall ar an leideanna romhainn atá stóráilte sa an nóid roimhe sin.

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Mar sin, má chaill muid riamh rian ar bith de na suímh seo,

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a rá trí athrú a dhéanamh ar cheann de na leideanna eile i ár liosta,

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mar shampla, a rá athraigh muid

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an nód 3 ar réimse eile

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a chur in iúl ar roinnt nód thar anseo.

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Ba mhaith linn a bheith as luck, toisc nach mbeadh orainn

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bhfuil aon smaoineamh nuair a aimsiú ar an gcuid eile den liosta,

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agus tá go léir go dona.

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Mar sin, ní mór dúinn a bheith cúramach i ndáiríre faoi an t-ordú

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ina bhfuilimid ag ionramháil ár leideanna seo chugainn le linn chur isteach.

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>> Mar sin, seo a shimpliú, a ligean ar rá go

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ár gcéad 4 nóid

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Tugtar A, B, C, agus D, agus na saigheada a ionadaíonn do na slabhra leideanna

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a nascadh leis an nóid.

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Mar sin, is gá dúinn a chur isteach ar ár nód nua

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i idir nóid C agus D.

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Tá sé ríthábhachtach é a dhéanamh san ord ceart, agus beidh mé léiríonn tú cén fáth.

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>> Ligean ar breathnú ar an bealach mícheart a dhéanamh ar dtús.

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Hey, tá a fhios againn go bhfuil an nód nua atá le teacht ceart tar éis C,

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sin a ligean leagtha pointeoir seo chugainn C

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a chur in iúl go new_node.

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Gach ceart is cosúil, maith go leor, ní mór dúinn ach a chríochnú suas anois ag

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a dhéanamh ar an nód nua pointe pointeoir in aice le D,

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ach fan, conas is féidir linn a dhéanamh?

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An rud amháin a d'fhéadfadh a insint dúinn nuair a bhí D,

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Bhí an pointeoir eile atá stóráilte cheana i C,

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ach rewrote againn ach go pointeoir

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a chur in iúl leis an nód nua,

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mar sin againn a thuilleadh go mbeadh aon leid nuair atá D i gcuimhne,

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agus tá muid chaill an chuid eile den liosta.

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Ní maith ar chor ar.

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>> Mar sin, conas a dhéanann muid an ceart?

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Gcéad dul síos, pointe an nód nua pointeoir chugainn ag D.

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Anois, leideanna araon an nód ar nua agus C chugainn

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Tá dírithe ar an nód céanna, D,

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ach sin fíneáil.

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Anois is féidir linn pointe pointeoir seo chugainn C ag an nód nua.

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Mar sin, tá muid é seo gan aon chailliúint sonraí.

250
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I cód, gurb é C an nód atá ann faoi láthair

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go bhfuil an pointeoir traversal crawler dírithe,

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agus tá D ionadú ag an nód aird ar an nód reatha réimse seo chugainn,

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nó crawler → seo chugainn.

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Mar sin, a leag muid ar dtús leis an nód nua pointeoir seo chugainn

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a chur in iúl do crawler → seo chugainn,

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ar an mbealach céanna a dúirt muid ba chóir pointeoir seo chugainn new_node ar

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pointe go D sa léaráid.

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Ansin, is féidir linn a leagtar ar an nód reatha pointeoir eile

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chun ár nód nua,

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díreach mar a bhí againn chun fanacht le pointe C new_node sa líníocht.

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Anois tá gach rud in ord, agus nach raibh againn a chailleadh

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rianú aon sonraí, agus bhí muid in ann ach

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bata ár nód nua i lár an liosta

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gan atógáil an rud ar fad nó fiú aistriú aon ghnéithe

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ar an mbealach ba mhaith linn a bhí acu a le sraith seasta fad.

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>> Mar sin, tá liostaí nasctha le, bunúsach, ach tábhachtach dinimiciúil sonraí struchtúr

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a bhfuil an dá buntáistí agus míbhuntáistí

268
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i gcomparáid le arrays agus struchtúir sonraí eile,

269
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agus is minic an cás san eolaíocht ríomhaireachta,

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tá sé tábhachtach go mbeadh a fhios nuair a úsáid gach uirlis,

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ionas gur féidir leat a roghnú an uirlis ceart don phost ceart.

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>> Le haghaidh cleachtas níos mó, déan iarracht feidhmeanna scríobh chuig

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scriosadh nóid ó liosta nasctha -

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cuimhnigh a bheith cúramach faoi an t-ordú ina bhfuil tú rearrange

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do leideanna seo chugainn chun a chinntiú nach gcailleann tú le smután de do liosta -

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nó feidhm ag comhaireamh an nóid i liosta nasctha,

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nó ceann spraoi, a athrú an t-ordú gach ceann de na nóid i liosta nasctha.

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>> Is é mo ainm Jackson STEINKAMP, is é seo CS50.