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[Powered by Google Translate] Se pou nou pale sou strukt.

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Strukt ba nou yon fason nan gwoup yon pakèt moun sou varyab ansanm

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nan yon pake bèl.

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00:00:14,350 --> 00:00:17,020
Li pwobableman pi fasil yo wè yon egzanp touswit,

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00:00:17,020 --> 00:00:20,030
pou nou di struct,

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Lè sa a, louvri Curly atèl,

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ak sa a nan struct, nou pral gen yon laj Int,

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yon non * Char,

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ak sa a, se li.

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Li pouvwa sanble etranj ak yon virgules apre yon atèl Curly,

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men li la nan fè ki nesesè ak strukt.

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Nenpòt ki kalite ki valab ka ale nan definisyon an struct.

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Isit la, nou te itilize yon int ak yon * Char,

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men ou ta ka tou itilize yon etalaj, nan di, 100 eleman

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oswa menm yon lòt struct.

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Lè w ap sèvi ak strukt nan C,

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ou se kreye kalite nouvo

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soti nan yon koleksyon kalite ak lòt.

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Isit la, nou ap fè yon kalite nouvo

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soti nan yon nonb antye relatif ak yon * Char.

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Kòm nou pral wè pita, yon struct kalite

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se nan yon anpil nan fason ekivalan a nenpòt ki kalite lòt w ap itilize yo.

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Anjeneral, mwen pral konpare kouman yon struct kalite

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se menm jan ak yon lòt kalite antye ki pè.

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Pandan ke kòd la nou te ekri se C ki valab,

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li pa trè itil,

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ak rezone pral ban nou yon avètisman.

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Sonje kijan strukt ak li yo ki sanblab?

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Bon, nou bazikman jis di

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int,

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ki se pa yon liy trè itil.

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Se konsa, kite a aktyèlman deklare yon varyab la ki kalite

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pa bay li yon non anvan virgules la.

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Nou pral rele elèv la varyab.

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Koulye a, nou te deklare yon varyab elèv yo rele

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ak kalite yo te bay nan struct la.

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Ki jan nou jwenn yo varyab yo andedan struct a?

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Teknikman, non yo pou sa yo varyab

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yo se manm.

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Pou jwenn aksè a nenpòt manm patikilye nan yon struct elèv yo,

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ou ajoute yon dot nan non la varyab,

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ki te swiv pa non an nan manm lan ou vle.

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Se konsa, isit la, se sèlman 2 posibilite yo ki valab

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yo se student.age

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ak student.name.

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E nou ka fè yon bagay tankou

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student.age = 12

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ak student.name = elèv yo.

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Kounye a ki sa si nou te vle fè yon etidyan dezyèm?

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Ou ta ka panse a kapab bay kopi ak keratin liy sa yo

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ak chanje elèv nan elèv 2 oubyen yon bagay,

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ak ki pral travay,

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men teknikman la, elèv ak elèv 2

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pa gen kalite a menm.

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Al gade nan, ou pa yo pral kapab plase yo nan youn ak lòt.

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Sa a se paske, se konsa, lwen,

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te struct ou a te anonim.

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Nou bezwen bay li yon non.

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Pou fè sa, nou ekri non an nan struct la

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apre struct an mo.

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elèv yo,

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ki te swiv pa definisyon an.

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Nou ka toujou imedyatman deklare yon varyab nan kalite

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struct elèv yo, tankou nou te fè sa anvan.

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Nou pral rele li S1

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Pa bay struct a yon non,

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nou kapab kounye a itilize elèv struct

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nan prèske fason an egzak menm jan nou ta sèvi ak int.

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Se konsa, nou ka deklare yon varyab nan elèv struct kalite,

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tankou

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struct elèv S2.

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Menm jan ak ranje, strukt bay yon sentaks inisyalizasyon rakoursi,

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pou nou ka di, struct elèv S2

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egal

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gòch Curly 3 atèl, S2.

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Isit la, S2.age pral 3,

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ak S2.name ap lonje dwèt sou S2.

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Panse a tout bagay sa yo ou kapab fè avèk yon lòt kalite int

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ak pi fò nan yo ou kapab fè avèk yon kalite elèv struct.

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Nou ka sèvi ak yon elèv struct kòm yon kalite yon paramèt fonksyon.

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Nou ka sèvi ak elèv struct andedan yon struct nouvo.

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Nou ka gen yon konsèy nan yon elèv struct.

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Nou ka fè gwosè nan elèv struct.

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Struct elèv se yon kalite

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jis tankou int se yon kalite.

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Nou kapab tou bay S1 S2

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depi tou de yo se nan kalite la menm, pou nou ka fè

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S1 = S2.

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Kisa kap rive si nou fè

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S1.age = 10?

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Èske chanjman S2 nan tout?

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Yon fwa ankò, panse a strukt yo menm jan nonm antye relatif regilye.

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Si nou bay kèk X int nan kèk Y Int,

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tankou X Y =

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ak Lè sa a, chanje X,

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kòm nan X + +,

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Y chanje nan tout?

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Y pa chanje isit la, se pou nou fè sa ki pa ni S2 pi wo a.

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S2.age se toujou 3.

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Men, sonje ke lè plase yon sèl struct nan yon lòt,

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tout endikasyon yo te toujou lonje dwèt sou menm bagay la,

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depi yo te jis kopye.

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Si ou pa vle pwent yo nou kapab pataje,

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ou pral bezwen manuelman okipe sa,

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petèt pa malicking yon blòk nan memwa pou youn nan pwent yo nan pwen

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ak kopye done yo sou.

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Li ta kapab anmèdan 'gen yo ekri elèv struct toupatou.

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Sèvi ak yon Def kalite, nou ka fè

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kalite Def

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struct

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epi n ap rele li elèv yo.

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Koulye a, nou ka sèvi ak elèv tout kote

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ke nou itilize yo itilize elèv struct.

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Sa a Def kalite nan yon struct anonim

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ak rele l elèv yo.

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Men, si nou menm tou nou kenbe idantifyan elèv la

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akote struct nan mo, tankou nan tipedèf elèv struct,

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nou te ka sèvi ak toude elèv struct ak elèv interchangeable kounye a.

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Yo pa menm gen gen non an menm.

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Nou te ka tape Def elèv struct Bob

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ak Lè sa a, struct elèv yo ak Bob

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ta dwe kalite ka ranplase.

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Kèlkeswa Def nan kalite,

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nou bezwen idantifyan nan pwochen struct

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si definisyon an struct la

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se repetitif.

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Pou egzanp,

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kalite Def struct ne

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epi li pral gen defini kòm yon Val int

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epi li pral gen yon konsèy ki pwen a yon lòt ne struct.,

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kòm nan struct ne * kap vini an.

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Lè sa a, nou pral rele li ne.

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Sa a se struct repetitif,

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depi definisyon an ne struct gen nan li

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yon konsèy nan yon ne struct.

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Remake ke nou te di struct ne * pwochen

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andedan nan definisyon an ne la struct,

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depi Def nan kalite pa te fini ankò yo pèmèt nou senplifye sa a

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jis * ne kap vini an.

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Ou ap aprann plis sou strukt menm jan ak sa a

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lè trafik ak lye lis ak pye bwa.

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Ki sa ki sou strukt nan yon fonksyon?

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Sa a se tou parfètman valid.

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Nou te ka gen

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anile fonksyone

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ki te pran kòm yon agiman,

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elèv yo

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ak fè yon bagay ak elèv sa a.

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Lè sa a, nou ka pase l kòm struct elèv tankou sa.

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Fonksyone nan S1 soti nan anvan.

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Struct a konpòte li

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egzakteman jan ta yon nonb antye relatif lè te pase nan yon fonksyon.

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Fonksyone resevwa yon kopi S1

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e konsa pa ka modifye S1;

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olye, se sèlman kopi nan li ki nan ki estoke nan S.

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Si ou vle fonksyon an pou kapab modifye S1,

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fonksyone pral bezwen pran yon elèv * ki S,

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epi ou pral dwe pase S1 pa adrès li, tankou sa.

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Elèv * S, fonksyone & S1.

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Genyen yon lòt rezon ki fè yo pase pa adrès isit la.

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E si struct nou genyen 100 jaden?

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Chak fwa yon sèl nou pase yon elèv nan fonksyone,

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pwogram nou an bezwen yon kopi tout nan 100 moun jaden an S agiman fonksyone a,

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menm si li pa janm sèvi ak a vas majorite nan yo.

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Se konsa, menm si fonksyone pa planifye sou chanje elèv la,

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si ka toujou gen anpil valè yo pase pa adrès.

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Okay, sa ki si nou vle kreye yon konsèy nan yon struct?

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Nou te ka fè yon bagay tankou

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elèv * S

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egal malok

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gwosè nan elèv yo.

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Remake gwosè toujou ap travay isit la.

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Se konsa, kouman nou koulye a jwenn aksè manm nan laj

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nan blòk la ki S pwen fè?

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Ou ta ka panse ke premye fè

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* S.age = 4,

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men sa a pa pral byen travay.

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Depi sa a pral reyèlman kapab entèprete kòm

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* S.age nan parantèz = 4,

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ki pa pral menm konpile,

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depi S se pa yon struct ou pito konsèy yon nan yon struct,

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ak sa dot a pa pral travay isit la.

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Nou ta ka fè

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(* S). Laj = 4

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men parantèz yo kapab jwenn annwiyeu ak konfizyon.

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Erezman, nou gen yon operatè flèch espesyal

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ki sanble yon bagay tankou

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S-> laj = 4.

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Fason sa yo 2 nan indican laj

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yo se ekivalan

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epi nou pa vrèman janm bezwen operatè a flèch,

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men li fè bagay sa yo gade joli.

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Depi S se yon konsèy nan kèk blòk de memwa ki gen struct a,

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ou ka panse a laj S> kòm swiv flèch la konsèy

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ak gen tan pwan manm nan laj.

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Se konsa, poukisa nou ta dwe janm sèvi ak strukt?

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Li definitivman posib jwenn lwen ak jis nonm antye relatif yo primitif,

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charaktèr, endikasyon ak renmen an

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ke nou ap itilize yo;

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olye pou yo S1 ak S2 anvan,

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nou te ka te gen age1, age2, name1, ak name2

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tout nan varyab ki apa a.

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Sa a se amann ak sèlman 2 elèv yo,

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men ki sa si nou te gen 10 nan yo?

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Ak sa ki si olye pou yo sèlman 2 chan sa yo,

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struct elèv la te gen 100 jaden?

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GPA, kou, koulè cheve, sèks, ak sou sa.

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Olye pou yo jis 10 strukt, nou bezwen 1,000 varyab apa.

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Epitou, konsidere yon fonksyon

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ki pran ki struct ak 100 jaden ak agiman sèlman li yo

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ak simagri soti tout jaden yo.

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Si nou pa t 'sèvi ak yon struct,

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chak fwa nou rele yon sèl ki fonksyon,

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nou bezwen pase nan 100 tout varyab,

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epi si nou gen 100 varyab pou elèv 1,

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ak 100 varyab pou elèv 2,

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nou bezwen asire w ke nou pa aksidantèlman pase kèk varyab soti nan elèv 1

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ak kèk varyab soti nan elèv 2.

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Li nan enposib fè ki erè ak yon struct,

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depi tout varyab 100 genyen nan yo nan yon pake sèl.

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Jis yon koup nan nòt final:

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Si ou te konprann tout bagay jiska pwen sa a, gwo.

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Rès la nan videyo a se jis pou dedomajman pou konplè '.

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Paske strukt ka kenbe nenpòt ki kalite konsèy,

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yo kapab tou kenbe endikasyon fonksyon.

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Si w ap abitye ak pwogram objè oryante,

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sa a bay yon fason yo sèvi ak strukt nan pwogram nan yon style objè oryante.

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Plis sou pwent fonksyon yon lòt lè.

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Epitou, pafwa ou ka gen 2 strukt

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definisyon ki gen depann sou youn ak lòt.

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Pou egzanp,

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nou te ka gen struct A,

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ki se defini kòm

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yon konsèy nan yon B struct,

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struct B * X,

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e kounye a nou ka gen yon B struct

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ki se defini kòm yon konsèy

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nan yon Yon struct,

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struct A * Y.

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Men, sa pa pral konpile,

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depi struct B pa egziste nan moman sa a struct Yon se ke yo te konpile.

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Men, si nou boukante struct A ak struct B,

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Lè sa a, nou ta va jis kite avèk menm pwoblèm nan;

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tan sa a, ak struct Yon ki deja egziste pa.

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Pou rezoud sa a, nou ka ekri

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struct B;

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anvan definisyon an struct A.

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Se sa yo rele yon deklarasyon pi devan.

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Sa a jis pèmèt du a konnen ke

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struct B se yon kalite ki valab ke yo pral konplètman defini pita oswa yon lòt kote.

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Non mwen se Rob Bowden, ak sa a se CS50.

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