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[Powered by Google Translate] Katika video hii, tutaweza kujadili code style, ambayo ni kitu

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kwamba ni karibu na wapenzi moyo wangu.

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Sinema inaeleza jinsi code yako ni formatted, ambayo ni

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huru kutokana na kile code ya kweli haina.

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Si tu style nzuri kupata daraja bora katika CS50,

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lakini pia kukusaidia kuandika kificho kwamba ni zaidi

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someka na maintainable, ambayo, mwisho wa siku,

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ni kwenda kufanya maisha yako rahisi sana.

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>> tatu kuu vipengele ya style kificho kwamba tutaweza kujadili

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video hii ni maoni, formatting,

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na kutofautiana majina.

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Hebu kuanza na maoni.

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Kumbuka, maoni kuwa hakuna athari kwenye

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utendaji wa code yako.

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Hutumika tu kama mwanga msaada kwetu kama programmers.

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Maoni mazuri wanatakiwa kujibu moja ya maswali mawili.

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>> Kwanza, nini hii block ya maadili ya kufanya?

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Hii ni maelezo ya muda mfupi na tamu ya madhumuni ya

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mistari kwamba kufuata.

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Kwa mfano, unaweza haja ya kutafuta mahali ambapo

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kutekelezwa kipengele fulani ya kurekebisha

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mdudu au kitu mabadiliko.

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Bila maoni, unaweza haja ya pore juu ya mistari mingi ya

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code kujaribu kufikiri hasa ambapo kipengele kwamba ni.

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Au kama imekuwa ni siku chache tangu wewe Tumeangalia katika moja ya

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mipango yako, unaweza kukumbuka yale fulani

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kazi au kitanzi gani.

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Hivyo maoni nitafanya reacquainting mwenyewe na

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umri wa code, au acquainting mwenyewe na mtu mwingine

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code, kiasi laini.

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Swali la pili nzuri maoni majibu ni kwa nini mimi

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kutekeleza mpango huu wa kuzuia kwa njia hii?

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Kama wewe kuandika code, utasikia mara nyingi haja

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kufanya maamuzi design.

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Je, mimi kutumia kitanzi wakati au kwa kitanzi hapa?

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Je, mimi kufanya hii ya kuzuia wa code katika kazi tofauti?

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Kutumia maoni, unaweza hati design yako

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maamuzi, ambayo itafanya code yako rahisi kuelewa

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kwa ajili ya wengine, ambao wanaweza kuwa na kuuliza wenyewe huo exact

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kubuni maswali kama wao kusoma code yako.

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Au hata wewe mwenyewe, kama wewe kuja nyuma block ya maadili baada ya

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baadhi ya kipindi cha muda.

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>> Katika C, na lugha nyingine tutaweza kuona katika CS50, kuna

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njia mbili ya kuongeza maoni kwa code yako, katika mstari wa maoni

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na multi-line maoni.

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Katika mstari wa maoni ni kubwa kwa kuandika vipande ya maadili ya

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ndani ya kazi.

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Kwa mfano, maoni katika-line inaweza kuelezea

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madhumuni ya kwa kitanzi au kesi kona kwamba inalazimisha

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hali hiyo.

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Multi-line maoni ni kubwa kwa kuandika utendaji.

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Kila wewe kuandika kazi, lazima daima, daima,

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daima hati kile yake na maoni.

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Hii ni pamoja na kile pembejeo kwa kazi, kuna nini

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pato la kazi ni, na labda kwa nini kazi ni

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kutekelezwa katika njia ambayo ni.

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Kila wewe kubadili signature kazi wa, kurudi

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thamani, au utekelezaji, ni muhimu pia update

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sambamba nyaraka maoni.

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mismatch kati ya maoni kazi na

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utekelezaji inaweza kweli utata kwa wasomaji.

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Vile vile, kujenga maoni mbalimbali juu ya mstari

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ya kila c au.. h faili kuandika, kuelezea kile

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file gani, pia ni wazo nzuri sana.

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>> Kama wewe ni kutoa maoni code yako, moja ya maswali ya kwanza

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wanaweza kuwa ni, vizuri, ni kiasi gani lazima mimi kutoa maoni yangu code?

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Ni mara nyingi unnecessary niandike kila

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moja mstari wa kanuni.

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Kwa mfano, mstari kwamba anasema int x = 5 haina haja ya

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maoni kuhusu suala hilo kuwa anasema "kuweka x 5 kwa".

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Sio maoni ya kutosha, ingawa, kama tumeona, wanaweza kufanya

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kuelewa code yako ni ngumu sana.

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Hivyo utawala bora wa thumb ni maoni ya kuvutia ya vitalu

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code, ambapo block lina mistari michache kuhusiana.

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>> Basi hebu tuangalie mfano.

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Hapa ni uncommented C kazi.

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Okay, kwa vile hii ni kazi, jambo la kwanza tunahitaji kuongeza

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ni maoni kuelezea ni nini kazi ya pembejeo

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ni na nini anafanya.

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Basi hebu kuongeza maoni mbalimbali ya mstari.

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Mkuu.

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Sasa sisi kujua nini hasa kazi yetu haina.

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Hebu kuongeza baadhi ya comments katika mstari wa sasa.

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Tunaweza kugawanya code yetu ndani ya vitalu mbili ya mistari kama hiyo.

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Mistari 4 na 5 masharti ya kujenga misingi ya pembejeo na

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mistari 6 kupitia pato 9 wale

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masharti ndani lyrics song.

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Hivyo hebu hati kwamba pamoja na maoni.

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Ajabu.

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Sasa kazi yetu ni maoni.

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>> Ona kwamba yetu katika mstari maoni hawana haja ya kutumia kamili

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sentensi au mwisho kwa kipindi hicho.

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Ni muhimu kwamba kuna nafasi kati ya pili slash

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na mwanzo wa maoni.

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Hii ni ya mzunguko wa maoni ndani ya mipango yako

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kwamba unapaswa kuwa risasi kwa.

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Ona hapa jinsi sisi waliojitenga vitalu mbili ya maadili kuhusiana

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ndani ya kiitio wetu kazi na kurudi ziada carriage.

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>> Hii inatuleta kwenye sehemu ya pili ya style kificho,

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formatting.

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Wakati mimi kwanza ilianza programu, mimi hit Enter

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muhimu sana kwa nadra, ambayo ilisababisha giant, unreadable

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blobs ya maadili.

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Nadhani kwa kweli mashaka mafundisho mwenzangu, tangu yeye

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hakuwa na furaha sana na mimi.

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Kuibua kambi ya vitalu code kuhusiana, kutumia carriage

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anarudi, wanaweza kufanya code yako rahisi kwa skim na uwazi

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delineate ambayo mistari ya maadili ya maoni yako ni kueleza.

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Kwamba kuwa alisema, kueneza code yako sana, kama kwa

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mbili au zaidi kati ya mistari vitalu code au majukumu, unaweza

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pia kufanya hivyo kiasi kidogo someka.

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>> Indentation ni mwingine muhimu

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nyanja ya format code.

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Daima, daima, daima Indent mwili wa kazi, loop,

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au hali.

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Hii inafanya kuwa wazi ambayo mstari wa kanuni ni ndani ya

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kitanzi, kwa mfano, na ambayo mstari wa kanuni

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ni nje ya kwamba.

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CS50 inapendekeza kwamba Indent na nafasi nne, lakini

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kama kuchagua kitu kingine, kuwa na uhakika wa kuwa thabiti

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katika code yako.

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On note kwamba, CS50 inapendekeza kwamba mahali braces

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kwenye mstari yao wenyewe.

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Kwa njia hiyo, braces itakuwa kujipanga kuibua kushoto sawa

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kiasi, hivyo ni kioo wazi ambapo block huanza na kuishia.

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Hata hivyo, pia ni sawa na kuweka braces kwenye mstari huo kama

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hali, kwa mfano, kuhifadhi nafasi.

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Kama wewe kufanya hili, ingawa, hakikisha ni pamoja na nafasi

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kabla brace curly hivyo si smooshed karibu na kufunga

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Paren au neno.

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>> Kwani kuchagua, jambo muhimu zaidi ni kuwa

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thabiti katika code yako.

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Nini hatutaki kuona, ingawa, ni

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indented braces curly.

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Kufanya hivyo hufanya braces kuonekana imetenganishwa kutoka

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hali, kitanzi, au kazi wao ni kuweka mipaka, na kufanya

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code vigumu kusoma.

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Katika C na lugha nyingine tutaweza kuona, curly braces ni

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hiari kwa hali moja ya mstari au matanzi.

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Ni faini kwa omit braces curly katika kesi hii, lakini kama

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huna hivyo, kuwa na uhakika wa kuwa thabiti

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katika code yako.

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>> Wakati kufafanua kazi, CS50 inapendekeza kuandika

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kurudi aina ya kazi juu ya mstari huo kama jina la

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kazi.

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Hata hivyo, pia ni OK kuandika aina ya kurudi juu yake mwenyewe

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line, ambayo inaweza kufanya kazi rahisi kupata ufafanuzi katika

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wahariri Nakala baadhi.

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>> Hatimaye, kuwa na uhakika wa ni pamoja na maeneo ya karibu

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maneno na waendeshaji.

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Kwa mfano, mstari kwamba anasema int x = 5 ni rahisi sana

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kusoma kama kuna nafasi kuzunguka ishara sawa.

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Vilevile, hakikisha una nafasi baada ya maneno kama kama,

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kwa, na wakati.

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Bila nafasi, hizi inaweza kuangalia kama wito kazi,

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ambayo siyo.

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>> Basi hebu tuangalie mfano wa kutumia mtindo mzuri

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kwa kuzuia iliyofomatiwa vibaya wa kificho.

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Okay, wacha kuanza kutoka juu.

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Tunaweza kuona kwamba brace ufunguzi wa kuu ni juu ya huo

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mstari kama jina kazi ya.

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Kama sisi ni kwenda kufanya hivyo, lazima kuna nafasi kati ya

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Paren kufunga na Brace, kama hii.

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Hata hivyo, CS50 inapendekeza kwamba braces kusimama

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kwenye mstari yao wenyewe.

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Basi hebu kufanya hivyo.

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Sasa kwa kuwa tuko katika mwili wa kazi kuu, tutaweza haja

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kuanza indenting code, tutaweza kutumia

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ilipendekeza nafasi nne.

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Next, tunaona kwamba kuna nafasi hakuna kuzunguka ishara sawa

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hapa, hivyo hebu kuongeza kwamba.

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Hapa, tunaona kwamba hakuna nafasi kati ikiwa na

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Paren wazi, hivyo hebu kuongeza kwamba, pamoja na baadhi ya nafasi kuzunguka

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mkubwa kuliko ishara.

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Tena, sisi kuona hakuna nafasi kati ya Paren kufunga na

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Brace ufunguzi hapa.

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Kama sisi ni kwenda kuweka haya juu ya mstari huo huo, kuna haja ya

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kuwa nafasi kabla brace curly.

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Hata hivyo, inaonekana kama mwili wa wetu

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hali ni moja tu mstari.

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Hivyo hatuna haja ya ni pamoja na braces wakati wote.

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Sisi sasa haja ya kuwa na uhakika wa Indent katika mwili wa kila

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yetu hali.

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Sisi dhahiri hawataki line hii ya mwisho ya kuwa juu ya huo

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hit line kama mwingine, hivyo hebu Ingiza na Indent.

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Hatimaye, kufunga curly brace kwa ajili ya mahitaji kuu ya kuwa juu ya

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line yake mwenyewe.

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>> Tunaweza kuona hapa tuna mbili tofauti

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vitalu ya maadili kuhusiana.

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Mistari 4 kupitia 6 kuchochea mtumiaji kwa ajili ya pembejeo na

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iliyobaki mistari kuonyesha kwamba pembejeo kwa mtumiaji.

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Hivyo ni mantiki kuweka baadhi ya nafasi kati ya vitalu hizi mbili

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kwa ufafanuzi.

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Na kuna sisi kwenda, sasa code hii ni rahisi sana kusoma na

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nzuri style.

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>> Hatimaye, hebu majadiliano juu ya sehemu yetu ya tatu ya style nzuri:

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variable majina.

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Majina yako variable lazima kueleza

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thamani kwamba kuwakilisha.

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Hebu kupitia upya mfano wetu mapema.

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Chupa ni nzuri maelezo jina kwa variable kwamba

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inawakilisha jinsi wengi chupa ni kushoto juu ya ukuta.

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Majina kama x au numBots si sana maelezo na ni

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si nzuri kwa ajili ya usomaji wa code yako.

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Wakati vigezo jina lake na barua moja ni ya kawaida katika

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math na maeneo mengine, wanaweza kufanya code yako ngumu sana

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kuelewa.

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ukiondoa utawala huu ni iterator

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vigezo ndani ya matanzi.

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Katika kwa tanzi, kwa mfano, ni faini ya kutumia variable

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majina kama i, j, na k kwa iteration.

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Wakati kujenga vigezo iterator ndani ya tanzi, ni

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ilipendekeza kwamba kufanya hivyo ndani ya kitanzi yenyewe, badala

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kuliko nje ya loop, ili tuweze kuweka vigezo kama

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kukazwa scoped iwezekanavyo.

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>> Kwa upande mwingine, jina variable kama idadi ya chupa

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kushoto juu ya ukuta ni, wakati maelezo, overly verbose

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na si lazima.

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Katika tukio wewe unataka kujenga variable na

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maneno mengi, kutenganisha maneno hayo na underscores.

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Kwa mfano, is_ready ni mengi zaidi kuliko someka isReady.

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Ni faini kutangaza vigezo mbalimbali juu ya mstari huo.

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Hata hivyo, ikiwa kufanya hivyo, si initialize baadhi ya vigezo lakini

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si wengine.

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Hiyo ina maana kitu kama dimes int, pennies

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semicolon, ni sawa.

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Lakini int dimes = 0, pennies

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semicolon si.

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>> Hatimaye, wakati akitangaza kuyatumia, ni ilipendekeza

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utakapoweka kinyota karibu na aina pointer, siyo

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jina la kutofautiana.

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Hivyo int p * inapendekezwa kuliko int

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nafasi * p.

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Whoo!

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Hivyo kwamba inaonekana kama mengi ya sheria kwa

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kukumbuka, lakini usijali.

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Kama milele katika shaka, usisite rejea ya CS50

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online style mwongozo.

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>> Hebu haraka muhtasari muhimu

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pointi ya style code.

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Kwanza, maoni code yako.

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Daima, daima, daima kufanya kazi kueleza kile

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na maoni mbalimbali ya mstari na maoni kila mistari michache ya

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code katika-line.

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Pili.

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Kuwa thabiti na code formatting yako.

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Makini na Kuwekwa yako na matumizi ya braces

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kama vile nafasi kuzunguka maneno na waendeshaji.

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Hatimaye, kuchagua majina maelezo kutofautiana.

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Vigezo lazima kueleza thamani yamesimamia, lakini

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haipaswi kuchukua wewe milele na aina.

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>> Na kwamba ni.

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Yote hii itakuwa haraka kuwa asili ya pili kama wewe

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kuandika zaidi na zaidi ya kificho, na wewe utakuwa coding

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kwa mtindo katika wakati hakuna.

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Jina langu ni Tommy, na hii ni CS50.