1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,479

2
00:00:00,479 --> 00:00:10,830
>> [Halisi kucheza]

3
00:00:10,830 --> 00:00:12,080
[MUSIC - Rossini, "RANZ DES
VACHES "KUTOKA WILLIAM TELL]

4
00:00:12,080 --> 00:00:24,222

5
00:00:24,222 --> 00:00:25,472
>> [MUSIC - SWAHILI BEAT, "MACHI
YA WAKUU wakata "]

6
00:00:25,472 --> 00:02:24,538

7
00:02:24,538 --> 00:02:31,510
>> [Makofi na kuwashangilia]

8
00:02:31,510 --> 00:02:33,520
>> DAVID Malan: Hivyo hii ni CS50.

9
00:02:33,520 --> 00:02:34,730
Jina langu ni David Malan.

10
00:02:34,730 --> 00:02:39,250
Na 73% ya wewe huna uzoefu kabla
na sayansi ya kompyuta,

11
00:02:39,250 --> 00:02:41,300
kinyume na kile unaweza kufikiri.

12
00:02:41,300 --> 00:02:45,290
Hivyo leo sisi mawazo tunataka Chip mbali
saa kwamba ukosefu wa uzoefu, lakini pia

13
00:02:45,290 --> 00:02:48,970
kukupa hisia ya, kwa wale
na faraja zaidi, ambayo maelekezo

14
00:02:48,970 --> 00:02:50,550
unaweza kwenda huu muhula.

15
00:02:50,550 --> 00:02:51,890
>> Basi hebu kuanza na hili.

16
00:02:51,890 --> 00:02:55,490
Mimi kwa kweli sielewi nini ndani ya
kompyuta, ingawa, kama wewe, mimi

17
00:02:55,490 --> 00:02:56,780
matumizi ya kila siku.

18
00:02:56,780 --> 00:03:00,000
Lakini ni baadhi ya aina ya boksi, na kuna
si wengi pembejeo ndani yake.

19
00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:01,350
Chini, kuna, nini?

20
00:03:01,350 --> 00:03:03,120
Pengine kamba nguvu.

21
00:03:03,120 --> 00:03:06,640
>> Na kwa kweli na hii kiungo moja,
umeme, sisi wanaonekana kuwa na uwezo wa

22
00:03:06,640 --> 00:03:09,490
kufanya kidogo kabisa siku hizi.

23
00:03:09,490 --> 00:03:12,130
Lakini mwisho wa siku, sisi
na kuwakilisha mambo

24
00:03:12,130 --> 00:03:12,860
kwamba sisi huduma ya juu.

25
00:03:12,860 --> 00:03:15,240
Tuna kuwakilisha habari
kwa namna fulani.

26
00:03:15,240 --> 00:03:18,365
Na wewe pengine angalau bila kufafanua
ukoo na wazo kwa binary au

27
00:03:18,365 --> 00:03:21,370
bits namna fulani au nyingine, kompyuta
kupunguzwa kwa zeros na ndio.

28
00:03:21,370 --> 00:03:26,320
Lakini tunaweza kukubaliana kwamba na angalau
kuweka kidogo ya mwanga ya kwamba?

29
00:03:26,320 --> 00:03:28,880
>> Hivyo nina hawa wadogo
dawati taa hapa.

30
00:03:28,880 --> 00:03:30,450
Nina plagi ya umeme hapa.

31
00:03:30,450 --> 00:03:33,930
Na mimi naenda kwa kupendekeza kwamba ndani ya
ya kompyuta yangu ni angalau moja ya

32
00:03:33,930 --> 00:03:37,300
mambo hayo, kitu uwezo
ya kuwa switched juu au mbali.

33
00:03:37,300 --> 00:03:40,200
Katika kesi hiyo, ni kweli taa dawati,
lakini katika ngazi ya chini, ni kitu

34
00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:41,500
kuitwa transistor.

35
00:03:41,500 --> 00:03:44,730
>> Lakini katika ulimwengu wetu, ni taa dawati, hivyo
Mimi nina kwenda mbele na kuziba hii

36
00:03:44,730 --> 00:03:47,990
katika umeme yangu hapa.

37
00:03:47,990 --> 00:03:52,970
Na mimi kudai kwamba kwa kutumia hii rahisi,
rahisi kifaa, hii kubadili rahisi, mimi

38
00:03:52,970 --> 00:03:54,850
wanaweza kuwakilisha taarifa.

39
00:03:54,850 --> 00:03:58,090
Kwa mfano, sasa hivi, mimi ni
anayewakilisha kitu, sawa?

40
00:03:58,090 --> 00:04:01,820
Mimi anayewakilisha kile Mimi nitakuita 0 au
uongo, kinyume cha kitu

41
00:04:01,820 --> 00:04:03,130
kweli kuwa sasa.

42
00:04:03,130 --> 00:04:07,050
Lakini kama mimi tu kugeuka hii kubadili,
sasa nimepata kuwakilishwa 1.

43
00:04:07,050 --> 00:04:10,720
Hivyo kwa kutumia kipande hii rahisi sana ya
kumbukumbu, kama wewe, mimi wanaweza kuwakilisha

44
00:04:10,720 --> 00:04:11,450
habari.

45
00:04:11,450 --> 00:04:14,350
>> Sasa kwa bahati mbaya, kompyuta yangu
haiwezi kufanya mambo ambayo yote.

46
00:04:14,350 --> 00:04:17,430
Inaweza tu kuwakilisha maadili mbili
katika dunia nzima -

47
00:04:17,430 --> 00:04:18,620
0 au 1.

48
00:04:18,620 --> 00:04:21,839
Lakini nini ufumbuzi wa dhahiri, sasa,
kama tunataka kupanua kompyuta yetu ya

49
00:04:21,839 --> 00:04:25,120
kumbukumbu na kuwakilisha zaidi
kuliko tu 0 na 1?

50
00:04:25,120 --> 00:04:27,060
>> Naam, hebu kunyakua mwingine kidogo vile.

51
00:04:27,060 --> 00:04:30,260
Hebu kunyakua mwingine kubadili, mwingine
transistor, hata hivyo Ningependa

52
00:04:30,260 --> 00:04:31,130
kufikiri juu yake.

53
00:04:31,130 --> 00:04:34,170
Hebu kwenda mbele na kuziba hii
ndani ya kompyuta yangu pia.

54
00:04:34,170 --> 00:04:38,270
Na mimi nina kwenda kudai, sasa, kwamba kwa
kutumia kidogo zaidi ya umeme na

55
00:04:38,270 --> 00:04:42,290
kugeuka zaidi ya swichi haya juu na
mbali, mimi wanaweza kuwakilisha zaidi vile

56
00:04:42,290 --> 00:04:43,020
habari.

57
00:04:43,020 --> 00:04:44,660
>> Hivyo sasa hivi, hii ni 1.

58
00:04:44,660 --> 00:04:48,120
Kama nataka sasa kuwakilisha
2, mimi naweza kufanya hili.

59
00:04:48,120 --> 00:04:51,510
Lakini kwa kawaida, mkataba huo, kama tutaweza
hatimaye kuona, itakuwa na mimi kufanya hili.

60
00:04:51,510 --> 00:04:55,260
Hivyo hii ni 0, hii ni 1.

61
00:04:55,260 --> 00:04:56,720
Hii itakuwa ni 2.

62
00:04:56,720 --> 00:04:59,920
Na si ya kushangaza, hii itakuwa ni 3.

63
00:04:59,920 --> 00:05:02,610
>> Hivyo kwa njia hii, bado, unaweza
sisi kuhesabu hadi hata zaidi?

64
00:05:02,610 --> 00:05:06,500
Kama mimi kupata kidogo ya tatu, kubadili tatu,
nini idadi kubwa naweza sasa

65
00:05:06,500 --> 00:05:09,720
kuhesabu hadi kutoka 0?

66
00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:12,020
Hivyo 7 kama nina kuanzia saa 0, haki?

67
00:05:12,020 --> 00:05:15,980
Kwa sababu kama mimi kugeuka hii mwanga juu na
kweli kuziba hii ya tatu na ya mwisho

68
00:05:15,980 --> 00:05:20,090
mwanga katika tundu yangu umeme hapa,
basi nina uwezo wa kuwakilisha

69
00:05:20,090 --> 00:05:24,930
yoyote ya maadili mbili hapa, mbili maadili
hapa, mbili maadili hapa -

70
00:05:24,930 --> 00:05:32,610
na hivyo mimi wanaweza kuwakilisha mara 2 mara 2
2, au nane inawezekana maadili.

71
00:05:32,610 --> 00:05:36,340
Na kama mimi kuanza uhasibu katika 0, hivyo
hiyo ni 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

72
00:05:36,340 --> 00:05:37,480
>> Hivyo binary hii.

73
00:05:37,480 --> 00:05:39,420
Ni kweli ni rahisi kama hayo.

74
00:05:39,420 --> 00:05:41,930
Na ningependa kusema kwamba hii ni kweli
familiar kabisa kwa wengi

75
00:05:41,930 --> 00:05:43,180
kila mtu katika chumba hiki.

76
00:05:43,180 --> 00:05:45,710
Hebu kwenda mbele na kufungua
Nakala kidogo mhariri hapa.

77
00:05:45,710 --> 00:05:49,040
>> Na unaweza kukumbuka kutoka shule ya daraja
kwamba tulikuwa na mambo kama mamia

78
00:05:49,040 --> 00:05:51,970
mahali, mahali pa makumi,
na ndio nafasi.

79
00:05:51,970 --> 00:05:55,040
Na kukumbuka kwamba kama alikuwa na baadhi ya decimal
simu, kama kitu random

80
00:05:55,040 --> 00:05:59,470
kama 123, wewe ungekuwa kimsingi
kuandika kwamba katika fomu

81
00:05:59,470 --> 00:06:00,450
ya hizi nguzo tatu.

82
00:06:00,450 --> 00:06:04,070
Na kwa nini ni 1, 2, 3 kile
tunajua kama 123?

83
00:06:04,070 --> 00:06:11,220
Naam, katika safu leftmost, tuna
moja 100 plus mbili 10s, hivyo kwamba ni 120,

84
00:06:11,220 --> 00:06:14,250
plus tatu 1s, hivyo kwamba ni 123.

85
00:06:14,250 --> 00:06:17,990
>> Sasa hii ulimwengu kwamba sisi tu mwanga
ni sawa kama

86
00:06:17,990 --> 00:06:21,150
tumekuwa na mazoea na kwa miaka,
ila sasa, nguzo yetu

87
00:06:21,150 --> 00:06:22,060
si madaraka ya 10.

88
00:06:22,060 --> 00:06:23,780
Wao ni tu mamlaka ya 2.

89
00:06:23,780 --> 00:06:27,830
Hivyo ambapo hiyo ni mahali ndio, hii
ni kwenda kuwa mahali wawili-wawili, hii ni

90
00:06:27,830 --> 00:06:29,540
kwenda kuwa mahali pa fours.

91
00:06:29,540 --> 00:06:33,260
>> Na kwa sababu mimi tu kutumia rahisi
ya utaratibu wa kugeuza mambo

92
00:06:33,260 --> 00:06:37,100
na mbali - umeme unaotokana
au umeme si inapita -

93
00:06:37,100 --> 00:06:40,880
Sijui kabisa kuwa expressive huo
mbalimbali kama 0 kupitia tisa.

94
00:06:40,880 --> 00:06:43,270
Tunakwenda kushika ni super rahisi
katika dunia hii ya kompyuta.

95
00:06:43,270 --> 00:06:45,060
Mimi tu 0 au 1 -

96
00:06:45,060 --> 00:06:47,890
au kuizima, uongo au kweli.

97
00:06:47,890 --> 00:06:52,610
>> Na hivyo nini mimi anayewakilisha sasa hivi
ni 1, 1, 1, kwa sababu kila moja ya haya

98
00:06:52,610 --> 00:06:54,000
taa ni mwanga.

99
00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:59,600
Naam, kwamba anatoa yangu mmoja 4 pamoja na moja 2, hivyo
hiyo ni 6, pamoja na moja 1, na kwamba ni 7.

100
00:06:59,600 --> 00:07:03,450
Na ergo gani hii mlolongo wa tatu
bits kuwakilisha namba 7.

101
00:07:03,450 --> 00:07:06,330
>> Hivyo muda wote huu, ndani ya yako
kompyuta, wamekuwa idadi yoyote ya

102
00:07:06,330 --> 00:07:08,090
transistors, idadi yoyote ya bits.

103
00:07:08,090 --> 00:07:10,380
Lakini mwisho wa siku, sisi
wanaweza kuwakilisha habari

104
00:07:10,380 --> 00:07:12,560
kama tu kama hiyo.

105
00:07:12,560 --> 00:07:16,770
Sasa kwa bahati mbaya, tumekuwa tu kuhesabiwa
hadi 7 katika CS50 hivi sasa, lakini

106
00:07:16,770 --> 00:07:18,550
hopefully tunaweza kufanya kidogo
bora kuliko hiyo.

107
00:07:18,550 --> 00:07:19,550
Na kwa kweli tunaweza.

108
00:07:19,550 --> 00:07:23,570
>> Tuseme kwamba sisi kama binadamu tu
kiholela aliamua kwamba sisi ni kwenda

109
00:07:23,570 --> 00:07:28,750
kujiunga namba kama 1 na 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, na barua maalum ya

110
00:07:28,750 --> 00:07:29,410
alfabeti.

111
00:07:29,410 --> 00:07:32,350
Na kwa sababu za kihistoria, mimi naenda
kuanza kwa kiasi fulani kiholela, lakini nina

112
00:07:32,350 --> 00:07:36,880
kwenda kusema, binadamu, sisi ni kwenda
kuamua kama kawaida, kimataifa, kwamba

113
00:07:36,880 --> 00:07:43,200
65 inawakilisha idadi herufi A.
66 itakuwa kuwakilisha B. Dot, dot, dot.

114
00:07:43,200 --> 00:07:45,140
90 itakuwa kuwakilisha Z. barua

115
00:07:45,140 --> 00:07:48,000
>> Na hebu tuseme, kama sisi kweli kuweka baadhi ya
mawazo ndani yake, tunaweza kuja

116
00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:50,860
na namba kwa pointi Moderators
na ndogo barua, na kwa kweli,

117
00:07:50,860 --> 00:07:52,710
watu wengine wamefanya hivyo kwa ajili yetu.

118
00:07:52,710 --> 00:07:56,410
Hivyo sasa sisi alikuwa bits na ambayo tunaweza
kuwakilisha nambari, nambari na ambayo

119
00:07:56,410 --> 00:08:00,130
tunaweza kuwakilisha barua, na kwa
barua tunaweza sasa kuanza kutunga

120
00:08:00,130 --> 00:08:02,650
barua pepe na wahusika kuchapa
kwenye screen.

121
00:08:02,650 --> 00:08:05,850
>> Hivyo basi mimi kukaribisha, kama mimi naweza,
nane jasiri kujitolea -

122
00:08:05,850 --> 00:08:09,200
ambao hawana akili kuonekana si tu
kwenye kamera lakini kwenye mtandao -

123
00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:13,130
kuja hapa na kuwakilisha nane vile
bits, badala ya hizi tatu.

124
00:08:13,130 --> 00:08:14,380
Basi vipi kuhusu moja, mbili?

125
00:08:14,380 --> 00:08:16,290
Vipi kuhusu tatu?

126
00:08:16,290 --> 00:08:20,230
Vipi kuhusu nne katika mwanga
bluu, tano juu ya mwisho?

127
00:08:20,230 --> 00:08:21,250
Kuhusu mtu zaidi ya hapa?

128
00:08:21,250 --> 00:08:25,320
Sita mbele, saba mbele,
na nane mbele, kama vile.

129
00:08:25,320 --> 00:08:29,050
>> Hivyo mimi tu, ikawa kuja tayari
pamoja na kundi zima la karatasi.

130
00:08:29,050 --> 00:08:34,150
Na juu ya vipande haya ya karatasi ni idadi
kwamba kuwakilisha nini nguzo

131
00:08:34,150 --> 00:08:35,809
nyie ni kwenda kuwakilisha.

132
00:08:35,809 --> 00:08:36,740
Hivyo itakuwa - nini jina lako?

133
00:08:36,740 --> 00:08:37,570
>> MWANAFUNZI: Anna Lea.

134
00:08:37,570 --> 00:08:40,370
>> DAVID Malan: Anna Leah, wewe
itakuwa safu 128s.

135
00:08:40,370 --> 00:08:41,059
Wewe ni?

136
00:08:41,059 --> 00:08:41,510
>> MWANAFUNZI: Chris.

137
00:08:41,510 --> 00:08:43,620
>> DAVID Malan: Chris mapenzi
kuwa na safu ya 64s.

138
00:08:43,620 --> 00:08:44,070
Wewe ni?

139
00:08:44,070 --> 00:08:44,540
>> MWANAFUNZI: Dan.

140
00:08:44,540 --> 00:08:46,970
>> DAVID Malan: Dan mapenzi
kuwa na safu ya 32s.

141
00:08:46,970 --> 00:08:47,470
>> MWANAFUNZI: Pramit.

142
00:08:47,470 --> 00:08:49,430
>> DAVID Malan: Pramit mapenzi
kuwa na safu ya 16s.

143
00:08:49,430 --> 00:08:50,290
>> MWANAFUNZI: Lillian.

144
00:08:50,290 --> 00:08:51,904
>> DAVID Malan: Lillian itakuwa 8s.

145
00:08:51,904 --> 00:08:52,768
>> MWANAFUNZI: Jill.

146
00:08:52,768 --> 00:08:55,025
>> DAVID Malan: Jill mapenzi
kuwa safu 4s.

147
00:08:55,025 --> 00:08:55,400
>> MWANAFUNZI: Maria.

148
00:08:55,400 --> 00:08:57,000
>> DAVID Malan: Mary itakuwa 2S, na?

149
00:08:57,000 --> 00:08:57,470
>> MWANAFUNZI: David.

150
00:08:57,470 --> 00:08:59,220
>> DAVID Malan: David mapenzi
kuwa safu 1s.

151
00:08:59,220 --> 00:09:02,030
Hivyo kama wewe guys inaweza hatua kidogo
mbele ili kila mtu anaweza kuona.

152
00:09:02,030 --> 00:09:05,370
Nini nyie si kuona ni kwamba juu ya
nyuma ya slips haya ya karatasi ni

153
00:09:05,370 --> 00:09:09,760
kidogo kudanganya karatasi hiyo ni juu ya
kuwafundisha bits hizi nane ama

154
00:09:09,760 --> 00:09:12,380
kuinua mikono yao au
kuinua mikono yao.

155
00:09:12,380 --> 00:09:14,100
Kama mikono yao huenda juu, wao ni
anayewakilisha 1.

156
00:09:14,100 --> 00:09:17,120
Kama mkono wao anakaa chini, wao ni
anayewakilisha 0.

157
00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:21,410
>> Wakati huo huo, sisi watazamaji lazima
uwezo wa kufikiri, kwa kuzingatia hili

158
00:09:21,410 --> 00:09:26,490
ramani, nini barua tatu neno hizi
folks ni kuhusu Spell nje.

159
00:09:26,490 --> 00:09:29,700
Hivyo katika muda tu, wewe ni kwenda
kusoma mstari wa kwanza mbali ya nyuma ya

160
00:09:29,700 --> 00:09:32,880
karatasi yako ya kudanganya, na wewe ni ama
kwenda kuongeza au si kuongeza mkono wako.

161
00:09:32,880 --> 00:09:35,710
Kama wewe ni 1, unaweza kuongeza, kama
wewe ni 0, unaweza kusimama pale

162
00:09:35,710 --> 00:09:38,594
awkwardly, tu kama hiyo.

163
00:09:38,594 --> 00:09:40,386
Kwenda.

164
00:09:40,386 --> 00:09:43,945
Nini idadi, kwanza kabisa,
ni haya guys anayewakilisha?

165
00:09:43,945 --> 00:09:47,140

166
00:09:47,140 --> 00:09:48,860
>> 66.

167
00:09:48,860 --> 00:09:49,560
66, sawa?

168
00:09:49,560 --> 00:09:52,400
Tuna 1 katika safu ya 64s,
1 katika safu 2S.

169
00:09:52,400 --> 00:09:56,340
Kwamba anatoa mimi 66, hivyo kwamba inaonekana
kuwa anayewakilisha B. Hivyo

170
00:09:56,340 --> 00:09:57,075
guys kuwa yameandikwa -

171
00:09:57,075 --> 00:09:58,300
OK, hiyo inatosha.

172
00:09:58,300 --> 00:09:59,430
B.

173
00:09:59,430 --> 00:10:01,610
>> Hivyo sasa hebu kuhamia kwenye
barua yetu ya pili.

174
00:10:01,610 --> 00:10:03,530
Kwenda.

175
00:10:03,530 --> 00:10:06,860
Nani haraka katika math hapa?

176
00:10:06,860 --> 00:10:07,750
Hivyo 79.

177
00:10:07,750 --> 00:10:11,840
Tena, kama sisi kuongeza juu ya nguzo
ambayo kuna 1, sasa, tu

178
00:10:11,840 --> 00:10:14,840
kama sisi alifanya kabla na rahisi
mifano ya 7, sisi sasa

179
00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:16,140
kupata idadi 79.

180
00:10:16,140 --> 00:10:19,910
Ambayo kwa mujibu wa ramani yetu ni
barua O. Hivyo sisi ni karibu na hapo.

181
00:10:19,910 --> 00:10:22,590
B, O. Na Mwisho, kwenda.

182
00:10:22,590 --> 00:10:26,420

183
00:10:26,420 --> 00:10:30,120
>> Ni watu wa anayewakilisha sasa?

184
00:10:30,120 --> 00:10:31,370
Chini ya makubaliano.

185
00:10:31,370 --> 00:10:34,660

186
00:10:34,660 --> 00:10:36,460
Hiyo tu msinung'unike kabisa.

187
00:10:36,460 --> 00:10:40,090
Ndiyo, ni kweli 87.

188
00:10:40,090 --> 00:10:40,490
Nzuri.

189
00:10:40,490 --> 00:10:44,480
>> Hivyo kama sisi sasa ramani kwamba nyuma hadi - hebu
kuanza wito chati yetu ASCII,

190
00:10:44,480 --> 00:10:46,450
American Standard Kanuni kwa
Habari Interchange.

191
00:10:46,450 --> 00:10:47,700
Kwamba anatupa mbili -

192
00:10:47,700 --> 00:10:51,260

193
00:10:51,260 --> 00:10:54,810
si "bo" lakini "upinde." Na kwamba ni kamilifu
cue kwa nyie kuchukua upinde

194
00:10:54,810 --> 00:10:56,100
na kichwa juu ya nyuma.

195
00:10:56,100 --> 00:10:56,980
Asante sana.

196
00:10:56,980 --> 00:10:57,886
>> [Makofi]

197
00:10:57,886 --> 00:10:59,136
>> DAVID Malan: Unaweza kuwaweka.

198
00:10:59,136 --> 00:11:01,850

199
00:11:01,850 --> 00:11:05,942
Ingawa kwa kweli, ingekuwa yeyote
kama taa dawati, pia?

200
00:11:05,942 --> 00:11:07,300
>> [Hoot KUTOKA Watazamaji]

201
00:11:07,300 --> 00:11:08,390
>> DAVID Malan: Desk taa?

202
00:11:08,390 --> 00:11:10,850
>> [Kicheko]

203
00:11:10,850 --> 00:11:11,860
>> DAVID Malan: Kweli?

204
00:11:11,860 --> 00:11:13,230
Dawati taa kwa ajili ya kila mtu?

205
00:11:13,230 --> 00:11:14,310
Wote haki.

206
00:11:14,310 --> 00:11:20,990
Hivyo kwa kuanzia na rahisi sana ya
kanuni, tumekuwa sasa si tu kuhesabiwa

207
00:11:20,990 --> 00:11:24,750
juu kutoka 0 njia yote hadi 7, tumekuwa
kudhani kwamba tu kwa kutupa zaidi

208
00:11:24,750 --> 00:11:28,080
bits au taa zaidi au transistors zaidi
katika tatizo hili, tunaweza

209
00:11:28,080 --> 00:11:32,680
kuwakilisha idadi kubwa na kubwa zaidi, na
ergo, kubwa na kubwa zaidi ni kati ya

210
00:11:32,680 --> 00:11:33,780
Alphabets, kama lugha ya Kiingereza.

211
00:11:33,780 --> 00:11:37,770
Na tu hebu kuchukua juu ya imani kwa ajili ya leo
kwamba vile vile tunaweza kuanza

212
00:11:37,770 --> 00:11:42,220
kuwakilisha graphics na video na yoyote
idadi ya vyombo vingine vya habari na ambayo tuko

213
00:11:42,220 --> 00:11:43,610
ukoo leo.

214
00:11:43,610 --> 00:11:49,240
>> Hivyo hii ni CS50, na katika darasa hili
pamoja ya wewe ni, tena, wengi sana

215
00:11:49,240 --> 00:11:53,050
wanafunzi wenzangu ambao wana kidogo kama
uzoefu kama wewe.

216
00:11:53,050 --> 00:11:57,730
Na mimi kutaja hili kwa sababu tu kabisa
mara nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja kama hivi karibuni kama moja ya

217
00:11:57,730 --> 00:12:01,860
Freshman kutoa ushauri kwa matukio na wakati
sophomore spring mwisho ya kutoa ushauri

218
00:12:01,860 --> 00:12:06,420
tukio hilo, sisi mara nyingi kusikia wanafunzi hawajihusishi
wakati kuja hadi meza CS, vizuri,

219
00:12:06,420 --> 00:12:10,070
Nimekuwa kufikiri juu ya kuchukua hii
intro darasa, lakini mimi si kweli

220
00:12:10,070 --> 00:12:11,120
kompyuta mtu.

221
00:12:11,120 --> 00:12:13,220
Au, lakini kila mtu hakika
anajua zaidi kuliko mimi.

222
00:12:13,220 --> 00:12:17,340
Na mimi kuweka hii katika font kubwa
inawezekana, kufikisha ujumbe huu kwamba

223
00:12:17,340 --> 00:12:18,730
si kwamba kwa kweli kesi.

224
00:12:18,730 --> 00:12:21,100
>> Na kama wewe wanashangaa, lazima
Mimi, kwa kweli, kuwa hapa?

225
00:12:21,100 --> 00:12:25,950
Kutambua kwamba si tu kuwa hii ni kozi ya
cheo Utangulizi wa Kompyuta

226
00:12:25,950 --> 00:12:31,740
Sayansi, ni Utangulizi wa Kompyuta
Sayansi I. Hivyo kuna shaka

227
00:12:31,740 --> 00:12:33,170
pili vile kuanzishwa.

228
00:12:33,170 --> 00:12:35,390
Hivyo wewe si, kwa kweli,
katika sehemu sahihi.

229
00:12:35,390 --> 00:12:39,000
Na miongoni mwa malengo mimi kwa leo ni
kuwahakikishia yoyote wasiwasi vile wewe

230
00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:42,430
tupate kuwa, lakini pia kwa rangi
picha ya nini katika kuhifadhi kwa ajili ya

231
00:12:42,430 --> 00:12:45,720
wanafunzi chini na vizuri zaidi
sawa katika kozi hii.

232
00:12:45,720 --> 00:12:49,320
>> Lakini kwanza, neno kwenye moja ya takrima
una leo, kati ya ambayo

233
00:12:49,320 --> 00:12:50,780
ni idadi ya FAQs.

234
00:12:50,780 --> 00:12:54,290
Imekuwa ni maono ya yetu kwa muda fulani
sasa kuanzisha grading mpya

235
00:12:54,290 --> 00:12:57,010
chaguo katika kozi hii -
yaani, SAT / UNSAT.

236
00:12:57,010 --> 00:13:01,930
Kifalsafa kwa ajili yangu, ni kiasi gani,
muhimu zaidi kwamba

237
00:13:01,930 --> 00:13:05,050
wanafunzi katika darasa hili kujihusisha na
nyenzo, kuwa changamoto na

238
00:13:05,050 --> 00:13:09,800
nyenzo, na wasiwasi mbali, mbali kidogo kuhusu
mechanics ya alama halisi

239
00:13:09,800 --> 00:13:12,590
na barua ya darasa katika muhula wa
mwisho, lakini kweli kukumbatia

240
00:13:12,590 --> 00:13:13,970
kozi na vitu vyake.

241
00:13:13,970 --> 00:13:18,140
Na kwa kweli hii anahisi, kwa ujumla zaidi,
kwa nini kuvutia kwao,

242
00:13:18,140 --> 00:13:21,390
kujisikia changamoto na watalipwa lakini
bila hofu ya kushindwa.

243
00:13:21,390 --> 00:13:25,030
>> Na hakika, hii pia ni ya mara kwa mara
mandhari katika utangulizi hii na nyingine

244
00:13:25,030 --> 00:13:28,680
kozi katika maeneo mengine, kwamba una
hii trepidation linapokuja

245
00:13:28,680 --> 00:13:31,040
kuweka vidole ya mtu katika
usio wa kawaida maji.

246
00:13:31,040 --> 00:13:34,880
Mimi mwenyewe, nyuma mwaka 1995,
mara Freshman.

247
00:13:34,880 --> 00:13:37,990
Mimi mara nyingi sana ililenga kuwa
Gov concentrator hapa.

248
00:13:37,990 --> 00:13:41,060
Na bado ningependa daima mzima na kidogo
wa maslahi katika sayansi ya kompyuta.

249
00:13:41,060 --> 00:13:42,180
Mimi mara zote curious.

250
00:13:42,180 --> 00:13:47,610
>> Lakini kisha nyuma, hata, nilikuwa hofu hii ya
hata wanazidi mguu katika CS50, kiasi

251
00:13:47,610 --> 00:13:49,420
hivyo kwamba sikuweza hata duka
ni Freshman mwaka.

252
00:13:49,420 --> 00:13:53,460
Na sababu tu mimi kuweka mguu katika
mlango sophomore mwaka kwa sababu mimi

253
00:13:53,460 --> 00:13:55,340
aliruhusiwa kuchukua ni kupita / kushindwa.

254
00:13:55,340 --> 00:13:58,920
Lakini hata kupita / kushindwa required kwamba mimi kupata
hadi ujasiri kufanya uteuzi

255
00:13:58,920 --> 00:14:01,970
na Profesa Kernehan kwa wakati,
kuleta hii karatasi kubwa ya karatasi, na kuuliza

256
00:14:01,970 --> 00:14:04,470
naye kwa ajili ya sahihi yake na
ruhusa ya kuchunguza

257
00:14:04,470 --> 00:14:05,700
haya maji usio wa kawaida.

258
00:14:05,700 --> 00:14:09,030
>> Na ina si kusaidiwa katika miaka ya hivi karibuni
kwamba wakati wa kufanya hii katika CS50, wakati sisi

259
00:14:09,030 --> 00:14:12,500
kutumika kuwa kupita / kushindwa, vile vile ingekuwa
kadhaa au mamia ya wanafunzi wako

260
00:14:12,500 --> 00:14:15,970
kuwa na kuja, Hasha, saa
mbele ya Sanders na fomu hii, kwamba

261
00:14:15,970 --> 00:14:19,520
katika mawazo ya baadhi inawakilisha kukosa uwezo,
Mimi kuthubutu kusema, kufanya

262
00:14:19,520 --> 00:14:20,800
ni ngazi ya wenzao wako '.

263
00:14:20,800 --> 00:14:23,410
Ambayo ni ujinga, lakini mimi nadhani
kuna mawazo kwamba.

264
00:14:23,410 --> 00:14:27,210
Na kuna kamwe kuwa katika utamaduni huu
ya SAT / UNSAT, au kupita / kushindwa zaidi

265
00:14:27,210 --> 00:14:30,610
ujumla, katika kozi hii,
au kweli juu ya chuo hiki.

266
00:14:30,610 --> 00:14:32,310
>> Hivyo mwaka huu sisi iliyopita kwamba.

267
00:14:32,310 --> 00:14:35,630
Napenda kuwa na furaha ya nusu ya
darasa hili au zaidi kumalizika

268
00:14:35,630 --> 00:14:38,700
juu kuchukua CS50 SAT / UNSAT.

269
00:14:38,700 --> 00:14:42,130
Katika muda wa mwaka, itakuwa ajabu
ikiwa karibu kila mtu ni.

270
00:14:42,130 --> 00:14:44,410
Baada ya hapo labda tutaweza kazi
juu ya barua ya darasa katika Harvard

271
00:14:44,410 --> 00:14:45,480
Chuo zaidi kwa ujumla.

272
00:14:45,480 --> 00:14:48,900
Lakini kwa sasa, tutaweza kufanya hii ndani yetu
mwenyewe nyanja, laiti moyo wote

273
00:14:48,900 --> 00:14:53,400
kuhimiza wewe mapitio FAQs hizo na
kuuliza maswali kama unaweza kuona inafaa, ili

274
00:14:53,400 --> 00:14:58,000
hopefully, tofauti na mimi, si kabisa
kuwa na kwamba huo hofu sababu wakati

275
00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:01,040
kuchunguza kile pengine
nafasi usio wa kawaida.

276
00:15:01,040 --> 00:15:02,786
>> Hivyo ni nini CS50?

277
00:15:02,786 --> 00:15:06,150
Ni utangulizi wa
miliki makampuni ya biashara ya kompyuta

278
00:15:06,150 --> 00:15:07,700
sayansi na sanaa ya programu.

279
00:15:07,700 --> 00:15:08,770
Lakini ni nini maana ya kwamba kweli?

280
00:15:08,770 --> 00:15:12,510
>> Vizuri, hivi sasa, sisi aliyesema sana kwa ufupi
kuhusu anayewakilisha habari.

281
00:15:12,510 --> 00:15:15,070
Lakini tuseme kwamba sisi kweli unataka
kufanya kitu kwa hayo.

282
00:15:15,070 --> 00:15:17,890
Tunahitaji kuanzisha dhana ya
kile Tutamwita algorithm.

283
00:15:17,890 --> 00:15:21,540
algorithm ni utaratibu, mchakato,
seti ya maelekezo kwa

284
00:15:21,540 --> 00:15:22,780
kufanya kitu fulani.

285
00:15:22,780 --> 00:15:25,620
>> Na algorithm inaweza kuwa kitu
super rahisi.

286
00:15:25,620 --> 00:15:28,660
Kwa mfano, mfano na ambayo baadhi ya
wa unaweza kuwa ukoo ni hii

287
00:15:28,660 --> 00:15:29,350
Jambo hapa.

288
00:15:29,350 --> 00:15:32,510
Hivyo kitabu hiki hapa inazidi
tarehe, lakini mara moja juu ya muda, ni

289
00:15:32,510 --> 00:15:34,720
zilizomo mengi yote ya majina
na namba za simu.

290
00:15:34,720 --> 00:15:37,710
Na hakika, kama nilitaka kupata
mtu katika kitabu hiki simu -

291
00:15:37,710 --> 00:15:39,800
kusema, mtu aitwaye Mike Smith -

292
00:15:39,800 --> 00:15:43,810
Mimi naweza kupata Mike Smith katika idadi yoyote
ya njia haki moja kwa moja.

293
00:15:43,810 --> 00:15:47,700
Mimi naweza kuanza mwanzoni na
kuhamia kwenye ukurasa 1, si huko.

294
00:15:47,700 --> 00:15:49,240
Ukurasa 2, si huko.

295
00:15:49,240 --> 00:15:49,960
Ukurasa wa 3.

296
00:15:49,960 --> 00:15:53,430
Ni kwamba algorithm, ni kwamba
mchakato, sahihi?

297
00:15:53,430 --> 00:15:54,620
>> Hivyo ni sahihi, haki?

298
00:15:54,620 --> 00:15:58,070
Mimi nina aina ya idiot kwa kufanya hivyo katika
kwamba namna, lakini hatimaye mimi

299
00:15:58,070 --> 00:16:02,670
kupata S jina, na hopefully Mike
ni katika sehemu hiyo, na mimi kuwa

300
00:16:02,670 --> 00:16:04,100
kufanyika kwa algorithm yangu.

301
00:16:04,100 --> 00:16:05,440
Lakini hakika siyo angavu.

302
00:16:05,440 --> 00:16:08,020
Wengi kila binadamu busara katika hii
chumba bila kuwa na kosa hilo.

303
00:16:08,020 --> 00:16:10,180
Gani umefanya?

304
00:16:10,180 --> 00:16:11,480
>> Ningependa wamekwenda moja kwa moja
na katikati, haki?

305
00:16:11,480 --> 00:16:12,000
Takribani kwa katikati.

306
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:16,310
Na wewe kutambua, oh, hizi ni Bi
Hivyo Mike Smith, jina la mwisho kuwa Smith,

307
00:16:16,310 --> 00:16:19,050
si, wazi, basi katika
kushoto nusu ya kitabu.

308
00:16:19,050 --> 00:16:21,040
Lazima awe kuelekea
S ni katika haki.

309
00:16:21,040 --> 00:16:24,090
Na katika hatua hii, ingawa wengi wetu
kufanya hivi katika hali halisi, tunaweza

310
00:16:24,090 --> 00:16:27,125
literally machozi tatizo hili katika nusu.

311
00:16:27,125 --> 00:16:27,640
>> [Cheering na makofi]

312
00:16:27,640 --> 00:16:28,950
>> DAVID Malan: Asante.

313
00:16:28,950 --> 00:16:30,150
>> [Cheering na makofi]

314
00:16:30,150 --> 00:16:34,660
>> DAVID Malan: Unaweza literally machozi hii
tatizo katika nusu, na kuacha mimi na,

315
00:16:34,660 --> 00:16:36,120
literally, nusu ya tatizo kama kubwa.

316
00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:39,750
Hivyo kama hii kitabu ya simu mara - na ni
pengine alikuwa - kuhusu kurasa 1,000, sasa

317
00:16:39,750 --> 00:16:40,840
ni 500 tu.

318
00:16:40,840 --> 00:16:44,710
Kama mimi kufanya hivyo tena na mimi kutambua, oh,
damn, mimi alikwenda mbali mno, mimi niko katika Ts

319
00:16:44,710 --> 00:16:46,480
sehemu, naweza vile vile -

320
00:16:46,480 --> 00:16:48,030
mfano au literally -

321
00:16:48,030 --> 00:16:50,260
mpasuko kitabu cha simu - ni kweli
rahisi kwamba wakati.

322
00:16:50,260 --> 00:16:53,610
Mimi unaweza literally mpasuko kitabu cha simu
katika nusu, na kuacha mimi sasa na

323
00:16:53,610 --> 00:16:55,186
si 1000, si 500 -

324
00:16:55,186 --> 00:16:56,680
250 kurasa.

325
00:16:56,680 --> 00:17:00,210
Na siwezi kwenda 125, na nusu ya kwamba, na
nusu ya kwamba, na nusu ya kwamba,

326
00:17:00,210 --> 00:17:04,760
mpaka hatimaye mimi itakuwa kushoto na
moja tu moja ukurasa.

327
00:17:04,760 --> 00:17:06,430
>> [Kicheko]

328
00:17:06,430 --> 00:17:07,589
>> DAVID Malan: Hiyo ni
sehemu mimi kushindwa juu.

329
00:17:07,589 --> 00:17:10,400
Moja ukurasa ambayo
Mike hopefully ni.

330
00:17:10,400 --> 00:17:14,630
Sasa wale algorithms tofauti inaweza kuwa
aina ya tathmini au tathmini katika

331
00:17:14,630 --> 00:17:15,270
njia tofauti.

332
00:17:15,270 --> 00:17:17,300
moja ya kwanza ilikuwa ni linear, haki?

333
00:17:17,300 --> 00:17:18,500
Kugeuza ukurasa, kuangalia kwa Mike.

334
00:17:18,500 --> 00:17:19,630
Kugeuza ukurasa, kuangalia kwa Mike.

335
00:17:19,630 --> 00:17:20,560
Ni sana linear.

336
00:17:20,560 --> 00:17:23,339
Kama kuna moja zaidi ya ukurasa katika simu
kitabu, ni pengine anaenda kuchukua yangu

337
00:17:23,339 --> 00:17:27,380
moja zaidi ya pili, moja zaidi kitengo cha muda,
Hata hivyo sisi ni kompyuta wakati.

338
00:17:27,380 --> 00:17:32,470
>> Hivyo mimi ili kuteka kama hii line hii
hapa, ambapo kama kawaida ya

339
00:17:32,470 --> 00:17:34,700
tatizo kuongezeka kutoka kushoto kwenda kulia -

340
00:17:34,700 --> 00:17:37,480
kitabu cha simu anapata ndogo na kubwa -

341
00:17:37,480 --> 00:17:41,080
na wakati ni kwenda kuongeza juu ya
mhimili wima, kubwa

342
00:17:41,080 --> 00:17:42,030
kitabu cha simu ni.

343
00:17:42,030 --> 00:17:46,180
Hivyo n ni tu kutofautiana kwa ujumla kuwa
kompyuta wanasayansi kutumia kuwakilisha

344
00:17:46,180 --> 00:17:48,210
baadhi ya thamani, baadhi ya simu.

345
00:17:48,210 --> 00:17:50,740
Hivyo n ni kwenda kuongeza linearly.

346
00:17:50,740 --> 00:17:53,040
Mara mbili ya ukubwa wa kitabu cha simu, ni
anaenda kuchukua yangu mara mbili kama vile

347
00:17:53,040 --> 00:17:54,780
muda, uwezekano mkubwa zaidi, na kupata Mike.

348
00:17:54,780 --> 00:17:56,390
>> Sasa mimi naweza kuwa smart
kuhusu hili, haki?

349
00:17:56,390 --> 00:17:57,800
Nilikuwa kupata kuchoka haraka.

350
00:17:57,800 --> 00:17:58,910
Wangefanya hii wawili-wawili.

351
00:17:58,910 --> 00:18:01,870
Hivyo kurasa mbili, nne,
kisha sita, nane.

352
00:18:01,870 --> 00:18:05,220
Na mimi naweza kuanza kuruka kwa njia hiyo
kasi kidogo, angalau katika hatari madogo ya

353
00:18:05,220 --> 00:18:09,210
overshooting Mike, lakini Curve kwamba si
kwenda kuwa wote tofauti.

354
00:18:09,210 --> 00:18:12,550
Ni bado inaenda kuwa moja kwa moja
line, lakini kidogo kwa kasi.

355
00:18:12,550 --> 00:18:13,710
>> Lakini ni nini mimi kufanya?

356
00:18:13,710 --> 00:18:15,845
Mimi kwa kweli alifanya kitu
kimsingi bora.

357
00:18:15,845 --> 00:18:21,990
Mimi mafanikio kile Tutamwita logarithmic
muda, logi ya n, ambapo hii ya kijani

358
00:18:21,990 --> 00:18:27,730
line ina mengi, mengi, mengi
chini ya moja kwa moja makali yake.

359
00:18:27,730 --> 00:18:33,050
Na badala yake, unaonyesha, kama ni aina ya
inapokaribia infinity milele hivyo hatua kwa hatua,

360
00:18:33,050 --> 00:18:36,700
kwamba mimi naweza kweli kuchukua 1000-ukurasa
kitabu cha simu, mara mbili ya ukubwa wake

361
00:18:36,700 --> 00:18:39,610
mwaka ujao - kwa sababu tuseme mengi
zaidi ya watu kuhamia mjini.

362
00:18:39,610 --> 00:18:43,250
>> Hivyo sasa mimi nimepata kurasa 2,000, lakini jinsi
wengi zaidi ni kwamba hatua nadhifu

363
00:18:43,250 --> 00:18:45,200
algorithm kwenda kuchukua?

364
00:18:45,200 --> 00:18:46,060
Moja tu.

365
00:18:46,060 --> 00:18:48,060
I mean, hiyo ni jambo lenye nguvu.

366
00:18:48,060 --> 00:18:51,400
Kama sisi kwenda kwa kurasa 4,000 mwaka ujao,
hiyo ni kwenda kuchukua yangu

367
00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:53,020
mbili tu zaidi hatua.

368
00:18:53,020 --> 00:18:56,500
Hivyo unaweza kutupa makubwa na kubwa
matatizo ya saa yangu, si tofauti na mtandao ni

369
00:18:56,500 --> 00:18:59,560
kutupa matatizo makubwa na kubwa
kila siku katika Googles na Facebooks ya

370
00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:01,590
ulimwengu, na si
kama mpango kubwa.

371
00:19:01,590 --> 00:19:05,840
Kwa sababu mimi kuweka zaidi mawazo na huduma katika
algorithm yangu na ambayo kwa kutatua

372
00:19:05,840 --> 00:19:07,020
matatizo ya ufanisi.

373
00:19:07,020 --> 00:19:09,260
>> Na kwa kweli, kwamba itakuwa moja ya
malengo ya kozi hii.

374
00:19:09,260 --> 00:19:11,230
Wewe, njiani,
kujifunza jinsi ya mpango.

375
00:19:11,230 --> 00:19:13,360
Utajifunza jinsi ya mpango katika
idadi yoyote ya lugha.

376
00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:16,670
Lakini mwisho wa siku, bila shaka ni
kuhusu utatuzi wa matatizo na kupata

377
00:19:16,670 --> 00:19:20,490
bora katika kutatua matatizo - na, kama katika
kesi kama hii, kutatua matatizo

378
00:19:20,490 --> 00:19:22,030
ufanisi zaidi.

379
00:19:22,030 --> 00:19:23,990
>> Sasa hivi sasa, tumefanya hii
haki intuitively.

380
00:19:23,990 --> 00:19:27,420
Hebu kuanzisha kitu haki
generic kuitwa pseudocode.

381
00:19:27,420 --> 00:19:29,150
Hivyo tutaweza hatimaye kupata,
katika kozi hii, kwa

382
00:19:29,150 --> 00:19:30,570
mbalimbali programu lugha.

383
00:19:30,570 --> 00:19:34,280
Lakini leo hii tutaweza kufanya hivyo kwa Kiingereza-kama
syntax, ambapo aina tu ya kusema

384
00:19:34,280 --> 00:19:37,330
nini maana, lakini wewe milele hivyo
succinct na huna wasiwasi kuhusu

385
00:19:37,330 --> 00:19:38,960
sarufi na sentensi kamili.

386
00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:41,600
Wewe tu kueleza mwenyewe kama
concisely iwezekanavyo.

387
00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:45,400
>> Hivyo pseudocode ni Kiingereza-kama
syntax kwamba inawakilisha

388
00:19:45,400 --> 00:19:46,750
lugha ya programu.

389
00:19:46,750 --> 00:19:51,170
Na upande wa mwisho kwamba, napenda kupendekeza kwamba
sisi sasa mchakato mfano sisi tu

390
00:19:51,170 --> 00:19:54,990
ilivyoelezwa ya kuhesabu kitu kidogo
tofauti, wakati huu kuchukua

391
00:19:54,990 --> 00:19:59,040
kuangalia hii video ya dakika tano zinazozalishwa
na marafiki zetu kwenye TED kwamba

392
00:19:59,040 --> 00:20:03,170
amefafanua nini pseudocode ni, amefafanua nini
kufikiri ni algorithmic, na hata

393
00:20:03,170 --> 00:20:07,030
ingawa mfano uko juu ya kuona
ni, kwa yenyewe, super rahisi, ni

394
00:20:07,030 --> 00:20:09,820
kwenda kuanza kutupa akili
mfano, msamiati, na ambayo kwa

395
00:20:09,820 --> 00:20:14,588
kufanya mengi, zaidi tata
algorithms kabisa haraka.

396
00:20:14,588 --> 00:20:15,576
>> [Kuanza video avspelning]

397
00:20:15,576 --> 00:20:29,920
>> [Halisi kucheza]

398
00:20:29,920 --> 00:20:31,100
>> NARRATOR: Nini algorithm?

399
00:20:31,100 --> 00:20:34,730
Katika sayansi ya kompyuta, algorithm ni
seti ya maelekezo kwa ajili ya kutatua baadhi ya

400
00:20:34,730 --> 00:20:36,620
tatizo hatua kwa hatua.

401
00:20:36,620 --> 00:20:39,650
Kwa kawaida, algorithms ni kunyongwa
na kompyuta, lakini sisi binadamu kuwa na

402
00:20:39,650 --> 00:20:41,230
algorithms, kama vile.

403
00:20:41,230 --> 00:20:43,290
Kwa mfano, jinsi gani unaweza kwenda
kuhusu kuhesabu idadi

404
00:20:43,290 --> 00:20:44,750
ya watu katika chumba?

405
00:20:44,750 --> 00:20:47,980
Naam, kama wewe ni kama mimi, wewe d pengine
hatua katika kila mtu, moja katika

406
00:20:47,980 --> 00:20:50,120
muda, na kuhesabu hadi kutoka 0.

407
00:20:50,120 --> 00:20:52,970
1, 2, 3, 4, na kadhalika.

408
00:20:52,970 --> 00:20:54,140
>> Naam, hiyo ni algorithm.

409
00:20:54,140 --> 00:20:57,600
Kwa kweli, hebu jaribu kueleza ni
kidogo zaidi rasmi katika pseudocode -

410
00:20:57,600 --> 00:21:00,700
Kiingereza-kama syntax kwamba inafanana
lugha ya programu.

411
00:21:00,700 --> 00:21:02,580
Hebu N 0 sawa.

412
00:21:02,580 --> 00:21:06,970
Kwa kila mtu katika chumba, kuweka
N sawa na N pamoja na 1.

413
00:21:06,970 --> 00:21:08,400
>> Jinsi ya kutafsiri hii pseudocode?

414
00:21:08,400 --> 00:21:12,840
Naam, line moja inasema, ili kuzungumza,
variable kuitwa N na initializes

415
00:21:12,840 --> 00:21:14,250
thamani yake kwa 0.

416
00:21:14,250 --> 00:21:17,550
Hii ina maana kuwa katika mwanzo wa
kompyuta yetu, jambo ambalo

417
00:21:17,550 --> 00:21:19,650
sisi ni kuhesabu ina thamani ya 0.

418
00:21:19,650 --> 00:21:22,620
Baada ya yote, kabla ya kuanza kuhesabu,
sisi si kuhesabiwa kitu bado.

419
00:21:22,620 --> 00:21:25,340
Wito huu N kutofautiana
ni mkataba.

420
00:21:25,340 --> 00:21:26,890
Mimi nilikuwa na kuitwa ni zaidi ya kitu chochote.

421
00:21:26,890 --> 00:21:30,560
>> Sasa line mbili demarks ya kuanza
kitanzi, mlolongo wa hatua kwamba mapenzi

422
00:21:30,560 --> 00:21:32,310
kurudia baadhi idadi ya nyakati.

423
00:21:32,310 --> 00:21:35,910
Hivyo katika mfano wetu, sisi ni kuchukua hatua
ni kuhesabu watu katika chumba.

424
00:21:35,910 --> 00:21:38,730
Chini ya mstari mbili ni mstari tatu,
ambayo inaeleza hasa jinsi

425
00:21:38,730 --> 00:21:40,160
tutaweza kwenda kuhusu kuhesabu.

426
00:21:40,160 --> 00:21:43,440
anatengeneza ina maana kwamba ni
line tatu kwamba kurudia.

427
00:21:43,440 --> 00:21:47,380
>> Hivyo kile pseudocode ni kusema ni
kwamba baada ya kuanzia saa 0, kwa kila

428
00:21:47,380 --> 00:21:50,690
mtu katika chumba, tutaweza
kuongeza N na 1.

429
00:21:50,690 --> 00:21:53,050
Sasa ni algorithm hii ni sahihi?

430
00:21:53,050 --> 00:21:54,580
Naam, hebu bang juu ni kidogo.

431
00:21:54,580 --> 00:21:57,270
Gani kazi kama kuna
watu wawili katika chumba?

432
00:21:57,270 --> 00:21:58,170
Hebu angalia.

433
00:21:58,170 --> 00:22:00,260
>> Katika mstari mmoja, sisi initialize N kwa 0.

434
00:22:00,260 --> 00:22:03,660
Kwa kila mmoja wa watu hawa wawili,
sisi basi increment N na 1.

435
00:22:03,660 --> 00:22:07,310
Kadhalika safari ya kwanza kupitia
kitanzi, sisi update N 0-1.

436
00:22:07,310 --> 00:22:11,070
Juu ya safari ya pili kwa njia hiyo hiyo
kitanzi, sisi update N 1-2.

437
00:22:11,070 --> 00:22:15,780
Na hivyo kwa mwisho huu algorithm ya, n ni 2,
ambayo kwa hakika mechi ya simu ya

438
00:22:15,780 --> 00:22:16,700
watu katika chumba.

439
00:22:16,700 --> 00:22:17,760
>> Hadi sasa, hivyo nzuri.

440
00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:19,610
Vipi kuhusu kesi kona, ingawa?

441
00:22:19,610 --> 00:22:22,590
Tuseme kuna 0 watu
katika chumba - zaidi ya mimi,

442
00:22:22,590 --> 00:22:24,170
ambaye anafanya kuhesabu.

443
00:22:24,170 --> 00:22:27,150
Katika mstari mmoja, sisi initialize N kwa 0.

444
00:22:27,150 --> 00:22:30,280
Wakati huu, ingawa, line tatu haina
nitafanya wakati wote tangu hakuna

445
00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:31,370
mtu katika chumba.

446
00:22:31,370 --> 00:22:35,260
Na hivyo N bado 0, ambayo mechi
idadi ya watu katika chumba.

447
00:22:35,260 --> 00:22:36,420
Pretty rahisi, sawa?

448
00:22:36,420 --> 00:22:39,630
>> Lakini kuhesabu watu moja kwa wakati
ni pretty ufanisi, pia, hakuna?

449
00:22:39,630 --> 00:22:40,920
Hakika tunaweza kufanya vizuri zaidi.

450
00:22:40,920 --> 00:22:43,120
Kwa nini si kuhesabu watu wawili kwa wakati?

451
00:22:43,120 --> 00:22:49,300
Badala ya kuhesabu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, na kadhalika, kwa nini si hesabu, 2,

452
00:22:49,300 --> 00:22:51,460
4, 6, 8, na kadhalika?

453
00:22:51,460 --> 00:22:53,700
Hata sauti kasi,
na ni hakika ni.

454
00:22:53,700 --> 00:22:56,240
>> Hebu kueleza hii optimization
katika pseudocode.

455
00:22:56,240 --> 00:22:57,800
Hebu N 0 sawa.

456
00:22:57,800 --> 00:23:02,450
Kwa kila jozi ya watu katika chumba,
kuweka N sawa na N plus 2.

457
00:23:02,450 --> 00:23:04,120
Pretty rahisi mabadiliko, haki?

458
00:23:04,120 --> 00:23:06,750
Badala ya kuhesabu watu mmoja
wakati, sisi badala kuhesabu

459
00:23:06,750 --> 00:23:08,300
yao mbili kwa wakati.

460
00:23:08,300 --> 00:23:10,980
Algorithm hii ndiyo hivyo mara mbili
haraka kama mwisho.

461
00:23:10,980 --> 00:23:12,180
>> Lakini ni sahihi?

462
00:23:12,180 --> 00:23:12,920
Hebu angalia.

463
00:23:12,920 --> 00:23:15,330
Gani kazi kama kuna
watu wawili katika chumba?

464
00:23:15,330 --> 00:23:17,550
Katika mstari mmoja, sisi initialize N kwa 0.

465
00:23:17,550 --> 00:23:20,920
Kwa kuwa jozi moja ya watu,
sisi basi increment N na mbili.

466
00:23:20,920 --> 00:23:24,860
Na hivyo kwa mwisho huu algorithm wa, N ni 2,
ambayo kwa hakika mechi ya simu ya

467
00:23:24,860 --> 00:23:25,650
watu katika chumba.

468
00:23:25,650 --> 00:23:28,250
>> Tuseme ijayo kwamba kuna
0 watu katika chumba.

469
00:23:28,250 --> 00:23:30,840
Katika mstari mmoja, sisi initialize N kwa 0.

470
00:23:30,840 --> 00:23:34,330
Kama kabla, line tatu haina kutekeleza
wakati wote, tangu kuna mtu yoyote jozi

471
00:23:34,330 --> 00:23:35,380
ya watu katika chumba.

472
00:23:35,380 --> 00:23:38,350
Na hivyo N bado 0, ambayo kwa hakika
mechi ya idadi ya

473
00:23:38,350 --> 00:23:39,570
watu katika chumba.

474
00:23:39,570 --> 00:23:42,280
>> Lakini nini kama kuna tatu
watu katika chumba?

475
00:23:42,280 --> 00:23:44,130
Jinsi gani hii algorithm nauli?

476
00:23:44,130 --> 00:23:44,990
Hebu angalia.

477
00:23:44,990 --> 00:23:47,460
Katika mstari mmoja, sisi initialize N kwa 0.

478
00:23:47,460 --> 00:23:50,870
Kwa jozi ya watu hao,
sisi basi increment N kwa 2.

479
00:23:50,870 --> 00:23:51,800
Lakini basi nini?

480
00:23:51,800 --> 00:23:54,960
Kuna si mwingine jozi kamili ya watu
katika chumba, hivyo line mbili hakuna

481
00:23:54,960 --> 00:23:56,180
tena inatumika.

482
00:23:56,180 --> 00:24:00,530
Na hivyo kwa mwisho huu algorithm wa, N
bado ni 2, ambayo si sahihi.

483
00:24:00,530 --> 00:24:03,810
>> Hakika, algorithm hii ni alisema kuwa
Buggy, kwa sababu ina makosa.

484
00:24:03,810 --> 00:24:05,820
Lets kurekebisha na pseudocode baadhi ya mwezi.

485
00:24:05,820 --> 00:24:09,670
Hebu n 0 sawa kwa kila jozi
ya watu katika chumba.

486
00:24:09,670 --> 00:24:12,550
Kuweka N sawa na N plus 2.

487
00:24:12,550 --> 00:24:17,140
Kama mtu mmoja bado unpaired,
kuweka N sawa na N pamoja na 1.

488
00:24:17,140 --> 00:24:20,140
Ili kutatua tatizo hili hasa, tumekuwa
kuletwa, katika mstari wa nne,

489
00:24:20,140 --> 00:24:24,520
hali, inayojulikana kama tawi
kwamba tu executes kama kuna mtu

490
00:24:24,520 --> 00:24:26,640
mtu kwamba sisi hawakuweza
jozi na mwingine.

491
00:24:26,640 --> 00:24:30,440
Na hivyo kwa sasa, kama kuna moja au tatu
au idadi yoyote isiyo ya kawaida ya watu katika

492
00:24:30,440 --> 00:24:33,290
chumba, hii algorithm
sasa kuhesabu yao.

493
00:24:33,290 --> 00:24:34,560
>> Tunaweza kufanya hata bora zaidi?

494
00:24:34,560 --> 00:24:38,820
Naam, sisi inaweza kuhesabu katika 3s au 4s au hata
5s na 10s, lakini zaidi kwamba, ni

495
00:24:38,820 --> 00:24:41,360
kwenda kupata kidogo
vigumu kwa uhakika.

496
00:24:41,360 --> 00:24:44,660
Wakati wa mwisho wa siku, kama kunyongwa
na kompyuta au binadamu,

497
00:24:44,660 --> 00:24:46,750
algorithms ni baadhi tu ya kuweka
ya maelekezo na

498
00:24:46,750 --> 00:24:48,290
ambayo ya kutatua matatizo.

499
00:24:48,290 --> 00:24:49,792
Haya yalikuwa tatu tu.

500
00:24:49,792 --> 00:24:52,404
Nini tatizo gani unaweza kutatua
na algorithm?

501
00:24:52,404 --> 00:24:52,901
>> [MWISHO video avspelning]

502
00:24:52,901 --> 00:24:55,883
>> DAVID Malan: Hiyo ni wakati tu
Mimi nitaonekana katika fomu cartoon.

503
00:24:55,883 --> 00:25:01,050
Lakini ambapo hadithi kwamba majani ya mbali,
sasa, ni jinsi gani tunaweza kufanya vizuri zaidi?

504
00:25:01,050 --> 00:25:04,680
Watatu watatu na wane, na sisi kudai, tunaweza kuhesabu
watu kwa kasi zaidi, lakini tunaweza

505
00:25:04,680 --> 00:25:06,290
kufanya kimsingi bora kuliko hayo?

506
00:25:06,290 --> 00:25:07,540
Na mimi wager tunaweza.

507
00:25:07,540 --> 00:25:11,980
>> Kama sisi kuanzisha kidogo ya yetu wenyewe
pseudocode hapa, mimi naenda kupendekeza

508
00:25:11,980 --> 00:25:14,550
kwamba tunaweza kufikia line kama hii.

509
00:25:14,550 --> 00:25:17,280
Sisi siyo kwenda kuhesabu watu
moja, mbili, tatu, nne.

510
00:25:17,280 --> 00:25:19,470
Sisi siyo kwenda mbili,
nne, sita, nane.

511
00:25:19,470 --> 00:25:23,390
Tunakwenda kufanya kimsingi bora
na kufikiria tatizo, na katika hii

512
00:25:23,390 --> 00:25:27,080
kesi, leveraging vinginevyo
isiyotumika vizuri rasilimali.

513
00:25:27,080 --> 00:25:31,460
>> Katika muda tu, I hope itabidi kusamehe
na ucheshi kwetu na kusimama katika

514
00:25:31,460 --> 00:25:34,470
mahali, ambapo kiwango tunakwenda
kuuliza kila mmoja wenu kuchukua katika yako

515
00:25:34,470 --> 00:25:36,400
akili namba 1.

516
00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:39,560
Wewe kisha kwenda inazidi
awkwardly, kama wakati hupita, kupata

517
00:25:39,560 --> 00:25:42,740
mtu mwingine ambaye ni amesimama, kuchanganya
namba yako pamoja

518
00:25:42,740 --> 00:25:43,720
kwa kuongeza yao juu.

519
00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:47,490
Mmoja wenu ni kisha kwenda mbio na kukaa
kwanza chini, na mtu mwingine

520
00:25:47,490 --> 00:25:48,880
ni kwenda kurudia.

521
00:25:48,880 --> 00:25:53,090
>> Hivyo kwa maneno mengine, kwa kupanda yote ya
wewe na namba 1, na kisha

522
00:25:53,090 --> 00:25:57,800
kuchanganya wale 1s katika 2S na 2S wale
katika 4s, na kila mtu inazidi

523
00:25:57,800 --> 00:26:02,740
kukaa chini, sisi lazima, mwishoni mwa
algorithm hii, kuwa moja tu mkopo

524
00:26:02,740 --> 00:26:07,570
nafsi ambao hawakuwa na kukaa chini kwa kasi ya kutosha lakini
ambaye ana watazamaji nzima kuhesabu

525
00:26:07,570 --> 00:26:09,180
katika yake au mawazo yake.

526
00:26:09,180 --> 00:26:13,730
>> Hivyo kama ungependa, hebu kwenda mbele na -
hatua moja - kusimama katika mahali.

527
00:26:13,730 --> 00:26:15,600
Na kutekeleza.

528
00:26:15,600 --> 00:26:36,580
>> [Watu wakinong `ona]

529
00:26:36,580 --> 00:26:38,820
>> DAVID Malan: Je, unajua
ambapo Lauren ni?

530
00:26:38,820 --> 00:26:40,179
729?

531
00:26:40,179 --> 00:27:23,350
>> [Watu wakinong `ona]

532
00:27:23,350 --> 00:27:24,340
>> DAVID Malan: zote haki?

533
00:27:24,340 --> 00:27:39,110
>> [Watu wakinong `ona]

534
00:27:39,110 --> 00:27:41,365
>> DAVID Malan: zote haki, tunapaswa
kuwa inakaribia mwisho.

535
00:27:41,365 --> 00:27:44,340

536
00:27:44,340 --> 00:27:47,670
Tunaona moja wenzake amesimama hapa bado.

537
00:27:47,670 --> 00:27:48,770
Nani mwingine inahitaji vilivyooanishwa?

538
00:27:48,770 --> 00:27:50,020
Kama wewe guys wanataka jozi mbali.

539
00:27:50,020 --> 00:27:53,260

540
00:27:53,260 --> 00:27:56,520
Mtu juu juu.

541
00:27:56,520 --> 00:27:58,150
Kwa nini si mimi kuwakopesha mkono hapa.

542
00:27:58,150 --> 00:28:01,370
Kwa watu wachache sana ambao bado
amesimama, nini idadi kufanya wewe

543
00:28:01,370 --> 00:28:02,790
kuwa katika akili yako?

544
00:28:02,790 --> 00:28:04,020
>> MWANAFUNZI: 78.

545
00:28:04,020 --> 00:28:06,010
>> DAVID Malan: 78 plus -

546
00:28:06,010 --> 00:28:07,840
ambaye ni wamesimama chini hapa?

547
00:28:07,840 --> 00:28:08,370
>> MWANAFUNZI: 39.

548
00:28:08,370 --> 00:28:09,590
>> DAVID Malan: Plus 39.

549
00:28:09,590 --> 00:28:12,310
Plus nani mwingine bado amesimama?

550
00:28:12,310 --> 00:28:13,650
81?

551
00:28:13,650 --> 00:28:15,960
OK, nani mwingine?

552
00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:17,200
Mwingine 81?

553
00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:17,860
Wow.

554
00:28:17,860 --> 00:28:19,210
Na kisha nini katika nyuma?

555
00:28:19,210 --> 00:28:20,360
>> MWANAFUNZI: 49.

556
00:28:20,360 --> 00:28:21,812
>> DAVID Malan: 49, pamoja?

557
00:28:21,812 --> 00:28:22,950
>> MWANAFUNZI: 98.

558
00:28:22,950 --> 00:28:24,980
>> DAVID Malan: 98 plus?

559
00:28:24,980 --> 00:28:28,190
Ni kwamba mtu mwingine?

560
00:28:28,190 --> 00:28:29,155
12?

561
00:28:29,155 --> 00:28:30,460
Kazi nzuri.

562
00:28:30,460 --> 00:28:33,610
>> [Kicheko]

563
00:28:33,610 --> 00:28:34,690
>> DAVID Malan: Oh, 112 -

564
00:28:34,690 --> 00:28:35,410
oh.

565
00:28:35,410 --> 00:28:36,220
Kazi nzuri!

566
00:28:36,220 --> 00:28:38,660
>> [Kicheko]

567
00:28:38,660 --> 00:28:42,570
>> [Makofi]

568
00:28:42,570 --> 00:28:43,820
>> DAVID Malan: Mtu mwingine
bado amesimama?

569
00:28:43,820 --> 00:28:46,710

570
00:28:46,710 --> 00:28:47,260
Pole?

571
00:28:47,260 --> 00:28:48,110
>> MWANAFUNZI: 99.

572
00:28:48,110 --> 00:28:49,810
>> DAVID Malan: 99.

573
00:28:49,810 --> 00:28:52,620
Mtu mwingine bado amesimama?

574
00:28:52,620 --> 00:28:57,290
Na jumla ya idadi ya wanafunzi hapa
ni kweli, kulingana na -

575
00:28:57,290 --> 00:28:59,400
je, una simu?

576
00:28:59,400 --> 00:29:03,170
Oh, idadi halisi ya watu katika
chumba, kulingana na akaunti ya kwamba

577
00:29:03,170 --> 00:29:07,660
wenzake mafundisho walikuwa wakifanya
juu ya njia ya kila mtu katika, ilikuwa 729.

578
00:29:07,660 --> 00:29:11,070
Hivyo nje ya roomful ya wanafunzi Harvard
ambao kuhesabiwa wenyewe,

579
00:29:11,070 --> 00:29:14,126
Jibu ni 637.

580
00:29:14,126 --> 00:29:15,480
>> [Kicheko]

581
00:29:15,480 --> 00:29:16,350
>> DAVID Malan: Hivyo karibu.

582
00:29:16,350 --> 00:29:17,360
Lakini bado.

583
00:29:17,360 --> 00:29:22,110
OK, hivyo kwamba ni mafundisho
sasa, haki?

584
00:29:22,110 --> 00:29:24,120
Hii sasa ni nini sisi kueleza kama mdudu.

585
00:29:24,120 --> 00:29:28,120
Mahali fulani njiani, sisi alifanya baadhi ya
hesabu vibaya, au mtu ameketi chini,

586
00:29:28,120 --> 00:29:29,930
au kushoto, au kitu potoka.

587
00:29:29,930 --> 00:29:30,930
Lakini hiyo ni faini.

588
00:29:30,930 --> 00:29:33,390
Sababu hata bado, sisi
got pretty karibu.

589
00:29:33,390 --> 00:29:37,480
Na ningependa kusema kwamba sisi got vibaya
kujibu mengi zaidi kuliko mimi ingekuwa

590
00:29:37,480 --> 00:29:39,770
kutumia linear yangu zaidi mbinu.

591
00:29:39,770 --> 00:29:42,630
>> Hivyo hebu kudhani hatukuwa kwa kweli kupata kwamba
kusahihisha, lakini nadhani sasa kuhusu nini

592
00:29:42,630 --> 00:29:46,870
kilichojitokeza kila wakati, dhidi yangu
mwenyewe wasiojua akizungumzia algorithm.

593
00:29:46,870 --> 00:29:48,420
Moja, mbili, tatu.

594
00:29:48,420 --> 00:29:53,010
Kama kuna shaka 729 au 637 watu
hapa, kwamba ingekuwa kuchukuliwa mimi

595
00:29:53,010 --> 00:29:57,720
literally 637 au 729 pointings
ya kidole na

596
00:29:57,720 --> 00:29:59,490
incrementing kuhesabu yangu ya jumla.

597
00:29:59,490 --> 00:30:01,910
Na mimi naweza kufanya vizuri kidogo na
kwenda mbili, nne, sita, nane, na

598
00:30:01,910 --> 00:30:05,660
mara mbili kwamba kasi, au labda hata mara tatu
quadruple, kutegemea jinsi vizuri siwezi

599
00:30:05,660 --> 00:30:07,110
kufanya hivyo kuhesabu katika kichwa changu.

600
00:30:07,110 --> 00:30:10,720
>> Lakini mbinu hii kwamba wewe guys alichukua
ilikuwa tofauti kimsingi.

601
00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:12,770
Kwa sababu mwanzoni,
nyote alisimama.

602
00:30:12,770 --> 00:30:14,620
Hivyo wote 729.

603
00:30:14,620 --> 00:30:17,370
Na kisha halisi nusu
ya wewe kukaa chini.

604
00:30:17,370 --> 00:30:19,720
Na baada ya kuwa, mwingine
nusu ya wewe kukaa chini.

605
00:30:19,720 --> 00:30:22,650
Na baada ya kuwa, mwingine
nusu ya wewe kukaa chini.

606
00:30:22,650 --> 00:30:27,470
>> Na jumla ya idadi ya nyakati kwamba wewe
guys inaweza wamekaa chini ni takribani

607
00:30:27,470 --> 00:30:31,740
nane au tisa au mara kumi ya jumla,
kutegemea na nini wanawake wetu wa jumla ni.

608
00:30:31,740 --> 00:30:33,300
Na tunaweza kufanya aina ya
hii njia nyingine.

609
00:30:33,300 --> 00:30:37,740
Kama tungekuwa na watu 1024 katika chumba,
jumla ya idadi ya nyakati unaweza

610
00:30:37,740 --> 00:30:41,870
kupunguza nusu ya watu 1,024 ni 10.

611
00:30:41,870 --> 00:30:43,370
>> Sasa fikiria kuhusu hilo katika
upande mwingine.

612
00:30:43,370 --> 00:30:49,170
Tuseme, ridiculously, kwamba tulikuwa, kusema
bilioni nne watu katika nafasi hii,

613
00:30:49,170 --> 00:30:50,860
au chumba kubwa kidogo.

614
00:30:50,860 --> 00:30:54,550
Mara ngapi itakuwa tumekwenda
kupitia algorithm hii, vile kwamba nusu

615
00:30:54,550 --> 00:30:58,110
ya darasa kwamba yapo chini?

616
00:30:58,110 --> 00:31:03,050
Ni tu kwenda kuchukua 32 vile
shughuli, hata katika darasa la kawaida

617
00:31:03,050 --> 00:31:03,770
bilioni nne.

618
00:31:03,770 --> 00:31:04,055
Kwa nini?

619
00:31:04,055 --> 00:31:06,980
Bilioni nne kwa sababu inakwenda mbili
bilioni, huenda milioni moja, huenda

620
00:31:06,980 --> 00:31:09,925
Milioni 500, huenda 250
milioni, dot, dot, dot.

621
00:31:09,925 --> 00:31:14,940
Mimi anaweza tu kufanya kwamba mgawanyiko baadhi ya 32
mara, ambapo kiwango, kila mtu isipokuwa

622
00:31:14,940 --> 00:31:17,820
mtu mmoja itakuwa kushoto amesimama.

623
00:31:17,820 --> 00:31:21,590
>> Na kwamba, pia, ni aina ya nguvu
wazo kwamba inazidi tutaweza kujaribu

624
00:31:21,590 --> 00:31:24,690
kujiinua katika kozi hii, na katika
programu na sayansi ya kompyuta zaidi

625
00:31:24,690 --> 00:31:29,400
ujumla, haya vimelea wa wazo na
ambayo tunaweza kisha kutatua matatizo mengi,

626
00:31:29,400 --> 00:31:31,130
sana kwa nguvu zaidi.

627
00:31:31,130 --> 00:31:34,610
Hivyo sisi ilianza rahisi na kwamba
pseudocode na guy katika chumba, lakini

628
00:31:34,610 --> 00:31:38,205
sasa na chumba nzima kamili ya watu
Sisi tumefanya kimsingi bora.

629
00:31:38,205 --> 00:31:41,460
>> Naam, hebu sasa mpito kutoka
pseudocode na kanuni baadhi halisi.

630
00:31:41,460 --> 00:31:44,200
Lugha hii uko juu ya kuona kutokea
kuitwa JavaScript, na

631
00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:46,190
tutaweza kurudi hii kuelekea
muhula wa mwisho.

632
00:31:46,190 --> 00:31:49,960
Ni lugha ya programu kwamba wewe
kutumia kufanya Nje na wengine vile

633
00:31:49,960 --> 00:31:51,360
programu ya siku hizi.

634
00:31:51,360 --> 00:31:54,890
Na sisi kuwa na kutumika, shukrani kwa rafiki
ya yetu katika Stanford, encode

635
00:31:54,890 --> 00:31:56,630
baadhi ya taarifa ya siri hapa.

636
00:31:56,630 --> 00:31:59,500
Hii ni sanaa ya steganography,
hivyo kusema, ambapo unaweza kujificha

637
00:31:59,500 --> 00:32:03,990
habari katika kile vinginevyo inaonekana
kuwa kelele au tofauti kabisa

638
00:32:03,990 --> 00:32:05,220
picha kabisa.

639
00:32:05,220 --> 00:32:10,120
Lakini iliyoingia katika sura hii hasa
kweli ni ujumbe wa siri ya aina.

640
00:32:10,120 --> 00:32:12,950
>> Hivyo basi mimi kwenda mbele na vuta hadi
mfano huo hapa, hii

641
00:32:12,950 --> 00:32:14,270
muda katika kivinjari.

642
00:32:14,270 --> 00:32:17,710
Na mimi nina kwenda kupitisha mkono wangu katika baadhi ya
maelezo kwa leo, hasa

643
00:32:17,710 --> 00:32:21,780
kwa wale ambao hii inaonekana kama
si tu JavaScript lakini Kigiriki, kama

644
00:32:21,780 --> 00:32:23,930
usio wa kawaida kabisa wa lugha.

645
00:32:23,930 --> 00:32:26,190
Lakini huu ni mfano wa
lugha ya programu.

646
00:32:26,190 --> 00:32:30,660
>> Na kwa sasa, kuchukua imani kwamba
line hii ya kwanza ya kanuni -

647
00:32:30,660 --> 00:32:32,470
na kwa kificho, mimi tu maana maandishi.

648
00:32:32,470 --> 00:32:35,660
Nakala kwamba mimi naweza kuwa literally typed
ndani ya Microsoft Word, kama ningekuwa na

649
00:32:35,660 --> 00:32:37,630
haki ya programu ya basi
kufanya kitu kwa hayo.

650
00:32:37,630 --> 00:32:42,120
Programu chanzo kanuni, programu
kificho, ni kweli tu maandishi, na ni

651
00:32:42,120 --> 00:32:45,420
inaonekana tofauti kulingana na kile lugha
unatumia, si tofauti na Kiingereza na

652
00:32:45,420 --> 00:32:49,200
Kihispania na Kirusi wote kuangalia tofauti
wakati wewe aina yao katika keyboard yako.

653
00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:53,520
>> Hivyo line hii ya kwanza, kwa sasa kuchukua
imani, tu kufungua graphic kutoka

654
00:32:53,520 --> 00:32:56,160
internet, kwamba graphic kelele
sisi tu kuona.

655
00:32:56,160 --> 00:32:59,900
Line hii ijayo hapa ni mfano wa
kitanzi, na sisi kweli waliona kwamba huo

656
00:32:59,900 --> 00:33:01,130
jargon katika video TED.

657
00:33:01,130 --> 00:33:03,750
kitanzi ni kitu kinachotokea tena
na tena, na hata ingawa hii

658
00:33:03,750 --> 00:33:08,440
kabisa inaonekana fumbo, na
Keyword kwa, na mabano ya baadhi, na

659
00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:09,510
baadhi semicolons.

660
00:33:09,510 --> 00:33:13,070
Tutaweza kuja nyuma na kwamba kabla ya muda mrefu,
lakini kwamba kitanzi kuna kimsingi ni

661
00:33:13,070 --> 00:33:17,310
kuwaambia mpango, iterate juu ya kila
ya wale dots kelele, kutoka kushoto kwenda

662
00:33:17,310 --> 00:33:18,980
kulia, juu hadi chini.

663
00:33:18,980 --> 00:33:21,260
>> Kwa sababu mwisho wa siku, mfano
kama hii - na unaweza kweli

664
00:33:21,260 --> 00:33:22,860
aina ya kuona juu ya hii projector -

665
00:33:22,860 --> 00:33:25,280
ni kweli tu gridi ya dots.

666
00:33:25,280 --> 00:33:29,730
Hivyo tunaweza kutambua kila ya dots wale
na y kuratibu, x,, na kwa hili

667
00:33:29,730 --> 00:33:33,890
mpango, sasa tunaweza kuanza
kufanya kitu dots hizo.

668
00:33:33,890 --> 00:33:37,540
>> Hivyo nini mimi kwenda mbele hapa na
je ni mimi nina kwenda kufanya baadhi ya mabadiliko.

669
00:33:37,540 --> 00:33:41,000
Kwanza mimi nina kwenda mbele na kujikwamua
ya wote ya kwamba rangi ya kijani na bluu

670
00:33:41,000 --> 00:33:43,520
kelele, na mimi nina kwenda mbele
na aina zifuatazo

671
00:33:43,520 --> 00:33:45,710
admittedly cryptic syntax.

672
00:33:45,710 --> 00:33:48,020
im kwa picha.

673
00:33:48,020 --> 00:33:53,380
kuweka bluu katika eneo x, comma,
eneo y, kwa 0.

674
00:33:53,380 --> 00:33:55,610
Kwa maneno mengine, nataka tu
kugeuka mbali yote ya bluu

675
00:33:55,610 --> 00:33:56,920
dots katika picha hiyo.

676
00:33:56,920 --> 00:33:59,800
>> Mimi nina kwenda mbele sasa na bonyeza
kukimbia hii / Ila kifungo, na utasikia

677
00:33:59,800 --> 00:34:02,850
taarifa juu ya upande wa kulia,
kusababisha picha inaonekana.

678
00:34:02,850 --> 00:34:06,120
Sasa yake super kijani, lakini si kwamba
ajabu, kwa sababu mimi literally akageuka

679
00:34:06,120 --> 00:34:11,070
mbali, kwa kufanya 1 0, wote wa
bluu katika picha hiyo.

680
00:34:11,070 --> 00:34:12,540
>> Naam, sasa hebu kufanya hivyo kidogo zaidi.

681
00:34:12,540 --> 00:34:16,989
im kwa mfano, dot setGreen, x, y.

682
00:34:16,989 --> 00:34:20,659
Na kwamba tu ina maana iterate kutoka upande wa kushoto
kulia na kisha juu hadi chini.

683
00:34:20,659 --> 00:34:23,520
Kugeuka kuwa mbali na thamani
ya 0, kama vile.

684
00:34:23,520 --> 00:34:24,750
Kuokoa.

685
00:34:24,750 --> 00:34:28,100
Na juu ya Projector, unaweza si kweli
kweli kuona chochote wakati wote.

686
00:34:28,100 --> 00:34:31,380
>> Juu ya mbali screen yangu, kama mimi rika katika tu
njia ya haki, naona kidogo ya

687
00:34:31,380 --> 00:34:33,300
picha, kwa sababu wao ni bado
baadhi nyekundu katika huko.

688
00:34:33,300 --> 00:34:35,540
Kama wameweza milele habari RGB kifupi -

689
00:34:35,540 --> 00:34:36,830
nyekundu, kijani, bluu -

690
00:34:36,830 --> 00:34:39,110
ni akimaanisha muundo huu
ya picha kwa kutumia

691
00:34:39,110 --> 00:34:40,230
tu wale rangi tatu.

692
00:34:40,230 --> 00:34:43,159
Na hivi sasa, tumekuwa kutupwa mbali
yote ya kijani, kila bluu, lakini

693
00:34:43,159 --> 00:34:44,500
kuna si mengi nyekundu.

694
00:34:44,500 --> 00:34:45,920
>> Hivyo basi mimi dance hadi nyekundu.

695
00:34:45,920 --> 00:34:47,070
Jinsi gani naweza kufanya hivyo?

696
00:34:47,070 --> 00:34:49,300
Naam, kwanza, mimi naenda kuuliza
mpango huu swali.

697
00:34:49,300 --> 00:34:52,030
Mimi nina kwenda mbele na hebu simu yake
kutofautiana, kama vile katika algebra.

698
00:34:52,030 --> 00:34:54,060
Unaweza kuwa na x au y au z.

699
00:34:54,060 --> 00:34:57,230
Mimi nina kwenda kutangaza kutofautiana
na kusema, kuweka katika kutofautiana hii,

700
00:34:57,230 --> 00:35:02,790
muda, thamani ya
picha getRed thamani katika x, y.

701
00:35:02,790 --> 00:35:05,870
>> Na tena, tutaweza kurudi kwa wote
ya hii undani katika siku zijazo.

702
00:35:05,870 --> 00:35:10,630
Lakini kwa sasa, tu kuchukua juu ya imani kwamba
mstari huu ni kuuliza mpango, nini

703
00:35:10,630 --> 00:35:12,740
ni thamani nyekundu katika x, y?

704
00:35:12,740 --> 00:35:14,450
Wakati dot hasa?

705
00:35:14,450 --> 00:35:15,710
>> Basi mimi naenda kufanya kitu kwa hayo.

706
00:35:15,710 --> 00:35:21,100
Basi mimi naenda kufanya sanamu dot seti nyekundu
saa x, y, y lakini wakati huu mimi nina kwenda

707
00:35:21,100 --> 00:35:24,760
kuongeza kuwa kwa kufanya mara nyekundu,
hebu kusema, 10.

708
00:35:24,760 --> 00:35:26,870
Hivyo kuongeza yake kwa sababu ya 10.

709
00:35:26,870 --> 00:35:29,880
Hebu zoom nje sasa na
click inaweza Run / Ila.

710
00:35:29,880 --> 00:35:36,430
Na voilà, kwamba alikuwa huko nzima
wakati, ingawa macho yetu binadamu

711
00:35:36,430 --> 00:35:37,900
hakuweza kabisa kuona.

712
00:35:37,900 --> 00:35:41,470
>> Hivyo tena, hii sasa ni halisi ya kanuni,
mfano wa lugha ya kwamba tutaweza kuja

713
00:35:41,470 --> 00:35:42,770
nyuma kabla ya muda mrefu.

714
00:35:42,770 --> 00:35:46,670
Lakini kutambua, hasa wale wa wewe
na uzoefu hakuna vile, ni kabisa

715
00:35:46,670 --> 00:35:50,280
hivi karibuni kwamba sisi wenyewe itakuwa
kuandika code kama kwamba huko.

716
00:35:50,280 --> 00:35:54,520
Kwa kweli, chombo na ambayo wewe ni wote
kiasi fulani utambuzi, pengine, ni CS50

717
00:35:54,520 --> 00:35:57,330
mwenyewe bila shaka-ununuzi chombo, ambayo ilikuwa
kweli rebooted huu majira ya joto na baadhi

718
00:35:57,330 --> 00:36:01,070
mwenyewe CS50 wanafunzi wa zamani,
sasa kurejea TFS.

719
00:36:01,070 --> 00:36:04,740
>> Hivyo hii hutokea kwa kuwa tovuti ya kujengwa
katika lugha inayoitwa PHP.

720
00:36:04,740 --> 00:36:08,510
Ni matumizi ya database kuitwa MySQL, mambo
na ambayo tutaweza kupata mikono yetu

721
00:36:08,510 --> 00:36:10,190
chafu baadaye katika muhula.

722
00:36:10,190 --> 00:36:14,140
Lakini amini au sio, hata kitu
kama hii hatimaye inapunguza kwa

723
00:36:14,140 --> 00:36:19,480
rahisi ya mizunguko na masharti na
matawi, kama wale tuliona tu

724
00:36:19,480 --> 00:36:21,530
wakati iliyopita katika video TED.

725
00:36:21,530 --> 00:36:25,180
>> Nilifikiri nini Ningependa kufanya sasa ni kushiriki si
tu kitu sisi wafanyakazi kuwa alifanya

726
00:36:25,180 --> 00:36:28,010
kwa ajili ya chuo hicho, lakini badala ya kitu
mwanafunzi wa zamani - tatu

727
00:36:28,010 --> 00:36:29,080
wanafunzi, kwa kweli -

728
00:36:29,080 --> 00:36:33,950
alifanya hii mwaka uliopita, Sierra, Daniel, na
Sam, mwisho ambaye alikuwa na hakuna kabla

729
00:36:33,950 --> 00:36:36,370
Programing uzoefu
wakati yeye alichukua CS50.

730
00:36:36,370 --> 00:36:39,950
Na kwa ajili ya mradi wao wa mwisho, wao
wameonesha, katika maonyesho ya CS50,

731
00:36:39,950 --> 00:36:43,720
maombi ya kuitwa wrdly, ambayo ni
mtandao msingi mpango kwa ajili ya kuwakosesha

732
00:36:43,720 --> 00:36:47,670
hii video ambayo nilifikiri ningependa kushiriki kwa
kukupa hisia ya kile tu ni

733
00:36:47,670 --> 00:36:49,280
iwezekanavyo na mwisho mrefu wa.

734
00:36:49,280 --> 00:37:57,170
>> [Halisi kucheza]

735
00:37:57,170 --> 00:38:00,570
>> DAVID Malan: Hiyo ni kutoka Zero Wiki
Wiki 12 mwaka huu uliopita.

736
00:38:00,570 --> 00:38:05,470
>> [Makofi]

737
00:38:05,470 --> 00:38:09,520
>> DAVID Malan: Kama teaser, pia, kwa kweli
whet hamu yako ni nini

738
00:38:09,520 --> 00:38:14,580
inawezekana, unaweza tumeona tayari,
au hivi karibuni inaweza kuona, market.cs50.net,

739
00:38:14,580 --> 00:38:17,710
mpya chombo kwamba timu ya shaka ana
imekuwa kazi, wakati huu katika

740
00:38:17,710 --> 00:38:21,530
kushirikiana na Mwanafunzi Harvard
Mashirika, kama kwamba kuanzia mwaka huu

741
00:38:21,530 --> 00:38:24,980
na kuendelea hopefully ndani ya hii
kuja majira itabidi kiwango

742
00:38:24,980 --> 00:38:27,890
nafasi ya juu ya chuo kununua na
kuuza vitu ya riba na wewe.

743
00:38:27,890 --> 00:38:32,220
Na kwa ushirikiano kupitia HSA, utakuwa
pia kuwa na uwezo wa kuacha vitu mbali

744
00:38:32,220 --> 00:38:35,950
katika moja ya maduka HSA ya kimwili katika baadhi ya
hatua katika siku zijazo, ili

745
00:38:35,950 --> 00:38:39,150
wakala mambo, hasa kama wewe
kuhitimu na si lazima wanataka

746
00:38:39,150 --> 00:38:44,110
kuondokana na mambo hayo, lakini kwa kweli kulipa ni
mbele kwa folks ambao wanaweza kufuata

747
00:38:44,110 --> 00:38:45,270
hapa juu ya chuo.

748
00:38:45,270 --> 00:38:46,740
Hivyo zaidi juu ya kwamba kuja.

749
00:38:46,740 --> 00:38:49,830
>> Lakini kidogo zaidi praktiken, chombo
hiyo ni kuja nje ya CS50 katika hivi karibuni

750
00:38:49,830 --> 00:38:52,760
miaka, na ambayo baadhi yenu wanaweza kuwa na
ukoo na wengine wa unaweza kuwa

751
00:38:52,760 --> 00:38:57,940
googling sasa, saa CS50.net/2x, itabidi
kupata zilizounganishwa na ugani Chrome

752
00:38:57,940 --> 00:39:01,250
ambayo ni demonstrative ya jinsi gani unaweza
kutumia JavaScript, kwamba lugha huo sisi

753
00:39:01,250 --> 00:39:06,660
kutumiwa na mnara wa Eiffel wakati iliyopita,
kutekeleza 2x avspelning kasi

754
00:39:06,660 --> 00:39:09,000
kwa ajili ya wote Harvard iSites video.

755
00:39:09,000 --> 00:39:11,880
Hii ni kitu ambacho ni kujengwa
katika mchezaji CS50 ya mwenyewe video.

756
00:39:11,880 --> 00:39:14,870
Lakini hii, pia, kama wewe kuanza kuchimba
katika kanuni chanzo, ambayo tutaweza

757
00:39:14,870 --> 00:39:18,840
furaha kufanya inapatikana, utaona jinsi
unaweza hata kutatua matatizo kama hayo,

758
00:39:18,840 --> 00:39:23,180
kuongeza kasi ya vilivyoandikwa katika Nje na
ambayo uko tayari vizuri ukoo.

759
00:39:23,180 --> 00:39:26,630
>> Hivyo neno sasa juu ya kozi na
matarajio na kile uongo mbele.

760
00:39:26,630 --> 00:39:29,445
Kwa ujumla, tutaweza kweli kukusanya hapa
juu ya Jumatatu na Jumatano - ingawa

761
00:39:29,445 --> 00:39:31,490
Ijumaa hii, tutaweza kukusanya kwa sababu
ya Wiki Shopping -

762
00:39:31,490 --> 00:39:34,640
1:00-14:00, ingawa
wakati mwingine hadi 2:30.

763
00:39:34,640 --> 00:39:38,700
Kutokana na kwamba unaweza kwa hiyo unataka au
na kuchukua baadhi ya darasa, saa 02:00

764
00:39:38,700 --> 00:39:42,480
kuendelea, au hata kabla, je, kutambua
Bila shaka ni kuunga mkono kile kinachoitwa

765
00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:45,900
uandikishaji sawia, ambapo tutaweza
kusaidia dua kwa Bodi ya A'di na

766
00:39:45,900 --> 00:39:49,400
mkazi yako deans kwa niaba yako kama
una mgogoro mahali fulani katika hii

767
00:39:49,400 --> 00:39:50,790
1:00-02:30 mbalimbali.

768
00:39:50,790 --> 00:39:54,110
Kichwa na kwamba online URL kwa ajili ya
ziada maelezo.

769
00:39:54,110 --> 00:39:57,750
>> Lakini katika suala la muundo msaada
kwamba sifa CS50, kwa ajili ya wanafunzi

770
00:39:57,750 --> 00:40:01,750
zaidi na chini ya starehe sawa, sisi
kutoa nyimbo tofauti ya sehemu.

771
00:40:01,750 --> 00:40:04,730
Na hii ni wiki kadhaa mbali, lakini
kabla ya muda mrefu, itabidi kuulizwa kama kwa

772
00:40:04,730 --> 00:40:05,770
faraja yako ngazi.

773
00:40:05,770 --> 00:40:08,590
Je, wewe ni miongoni mwa wale chini ya starehe,
vizuri zaidi, au

774
00:40:08,590 --> 00:40:10,520
mahali fulani katika kati?

775
00:40:10,520 --> 00:40:13,150
>> Na tutaweza kuwa na tatu tofauti
nyimbo kwamba kuhudumia

776
00:40:13,150 --> 00:40:14,470
just wale watazamaji.

777
00:40:14,470 --> 00:40:17,900
Hivyo katika hakuna uhakika katika muda lazima wewe
hata kujisikia kama wewe ni mashindano

778
00:40:17,900 --> 00:40:21,390
dhidi ya mwanafunzi yeyote na zaidi
au chini ya background kuliko wewe.

779
00:40:21,390 --> 00:40:24,160
Hakika, bila shaka ni maana ya kuwa
zaidi shirikishi na mengi

780
00:40:24,160 --> 00:40:25,650
wazi zaidi kuliko hiyo.

781
00:40:25,650 --> 00:40:29,030
>> Katika suala la seti tatizo, utasikia
kupata, pia kwamba, kwa kuongeza

782
00:40:29,030 --> 00:40:32,130
kiwango toleo la kila tatizo wiki
kuweka, kuna mara nyingi hacker "

783
00:40:32,130 --> 00:40:37,010
toleo la "kuwa maana ya kuwa walengwa
saa% 5% hadi 10 au zaidi ya

784
00:40:37,010 --> 00:40:40,270
idadi ya watu ambao kwa kweli miongoni mwa wale
vizuri zaidi na wangependa zaidi

785
00:40:40,270 --> 00:40:43,960
ya changamoto kuliko kiwango
toleo la pset kwamba anatarajia.

786
00:40:43,960 --> 00:40:46,390
Maelezo zaidi juu ya wale kuwa
kupatikana katika mtaala.

787
00:40:46,390 --> 00:40:49,430
>> Lakini pia katika kuna inaweza kupatikana maelezo
kwenye kozi marehemu siku.

788
00:40:49,430 --> 00:40:51,570
Kwa kawaida tatizo seti
ni kutokana na juu ya Alhamisi.

789
00:40:51,570 --> 00:40:55,550
Hata hivyo, unaweza kupanua wengi wako
muda uliopangwa hii kuanguka kutoka Alhamisi kwa

790
00:40:55,550 --> 00:41:00,010
Ijumaa tu kwa mkutano wetu nusu,
hivyo kusema, kujibu chache joto-up

791
00:41:00,010 --> 00:41:03,370
maswali katika baadhi ya tatizo ya wiki
seti, kwamba mapenzi moja kwa moja

792
00:41:03,370 --> 00:41:05,710
kisha kukupa ziada ya masaa 24.

793
00:41:05,710 --> 00:41:09,120
Sisi pia kushuka chini yako
alama, kama kwa muhtasari.

794
00:41:09,120 --> 00:41:12,170
>> Kukupa hisia ya tatizo nini
seti ni - kwa sababu ni kweli

795
00:41:12,170 --> 00:41:15,120
tatizo kozi ya seti kwamba
hatimaye kufafanua karibu kila

796
00:41:15,120 --> 00:41:18,760
uzoefu wa mwanafunzi, zaidi kuliko
mihadhara, hivyo zaidi kuliko sehemu, zaidi

797
00:41:18,760 --> 00:41:21,230
hivyo kuliko wengi nyingine yoyote
nyanja ya shaka.

798
00:41:21,230 --> 00:41:25,140
Mwaka jana, kwa mfano, sisi alianza, kama
tutaweza kuanza mwaka huu, huku Scratch.

799
00:41:25,140 --> 00:41:29,150
Hasa Ijumaa hii, tutaweza kutumia, kwa
siku moja tu ya muda, grafiki

800
00:41:29,150 --> 00:41:32,260
programu lugha, na ambayo tutaweza
kuanza programu na akawatoa na

801
00:41:32,260 --> 00:41:37,580
kuacha vipande puzzle kwamba tu
kukusanyika kimwili kama ni mantiki

802
00:41:37,580 --> 00:41:38,990
kufanya hivyo kifikra.

803
00:41:38,990 --> 00:41:43,460
>> Wiki ijayo, tutaweza haraka mpito kwa
C, uungwana na zamani lakini ndogo sana

804
00:41:43,460 --> 00:41:48,510
rahisi lugha ambayo itaruhusu sisi
kweli kwenda 0-60 katika kipindi

805
00:41:48,510 --> 00:41:52,290
ya wiki chache tu, na kisha parlay
wale ujuzi huo na maarifa ya

806
00:41:52,290 --> 00:41:56,160
msingi ya programu constructs katika
ngazi ya juu lugha kama PHP,

807
00:41:56,160 --> 00:41:58,240
JavaScript, na bado wengine bado.

808
00:41:58,240 --> 00:42:02,560
>> Mwaka jana, pset tatu katika kozi
ilikuwa ile ya cryptography,

809
00:42:02,560 --> 00:42:06,380
uwanja maalum ya maombi ambapo sisi
changamoto wanafunzi kutekeleza yoyote

810
00:42:06,380 --> 00:42:11,140
idadi ya ciphers, mipango na ambayo
kwa kinyang'anyiro au unscramble habari,

811
00:42:11,140 --> 00:42:11,880
encrypt yake.

812
00:42:11,880 --> 00:42:16,300
Kwa ajili ya toleo hacker, kwa kulinganisha,
sisi alitoa wanafunzi hacker faili

813
00:42:16,300 --> 00:42:19,900
kutoka kiwango Unix kompyuta zenye
user majina na nywila,

814
00:42:19,900 --> 00:42:22,740
mwisho ya ambayo walikuwa encrypted,
na sisi changamoto wale hacker

815
00:42:22,740 --> 00:42:26,850
wanafunzi decrypt, kama bora wangeweza,
wale nywila, bado juu ya kwamba

816
00:42:26,850 --> 00:42:27,770
huo uwanja.

817
00:42:27,770 --> 00:42:30,580
>> Kinyang'anyiro, mchezo na ambayo baadhi ya
ya wewe ni labda ukoo.

818
00:42:30,580 --> 00:42:34,410
kipande forensics, ambapo sisi kuuliza wanafunzi
kuokoa data ambayo yamekuwa

819
00:42:34,410 --> 00:42:38,530
vinginevyo ilifutwa kutoka digital yangu mwenyewe
kamera ya Compact flash kadi, na

820
00:42:38,530 --> 00:42:42,740
kweli kuandika programu ya kufikiri,
ambapo walikuwa zeroes na ndio katika

821
00:42:42,740 --> 00:42:46,850
kwamba kamera digital kwamba hapo awali
linajumuisha graphic JPEG?

822
00:42:46,850 --> 00:42:49,710
>> changamoto ya aina mwaka jana
kuwashirikisha kuandika kasi

823
00:42:49,710 --> 00:42:53,160
Spell-kusahihisha inawezekana, mashindano ya
dhidi ya marafiki na classmates kama

824
00:42:53,160 --> 00:42:53,860
Ningependa.

825
00:42:53,860 --> 00:42:56,330
Kutekeleza Huff 'n Puff,
mpango compression.

826
00:42:56,330 --> 00:43:01,930
Na kisha kuishia muhula na CS50
Fedha, maombi mtandao msingi na

827
00:43:01,930 --> 00:43:06,570
ambayo kujenga tovuti eTrade-kama
kununua na kuuza hisa, hivyo

828
00:43:06,570 --> 00:43:09,860
kusema, kwa kweli kuunganisha karibu
halisi wakati quotes Yahoo!

829
00:43:09,860 --> 00:43:10,450
Fedha.

830
00:43:10,450 --> 00:43:13,590
>> Nini sisi hakufanya mwaka jana ilikuwa
tatizo moja kuweka kwamba bado

831
00:43:13,590 --> 00:43:14,810
hata hivyo favorite.

832
00:43:14,810 --> 00:43:18,400
Kama wewe sijawahi wamekwenda
shuttle.cs50.net, utaona mtumiaji

833
00:43:18,400 --> 00:43:19,670
interface kidogo kama hii.

834
00:43:19,670 --> 00:43:23,530
Lakini miaka miwili iliyopita, darasa
kutekelezwa, kwa kutumia Google Maps na

835
00:43:23,530 --> 00:43:28,570
Google Earth kuziba-katika na kidogo kidogo
ya savvy na kuendesha gari karibu chuo hicho,

836
00:43:28,570 --> 00:43:33,290
ili lengo la mchezo huu ulikuwa,
kama unaweza kuona baadhi ya nyuso,

837
00:43:33,290 --> 00:43:37,530
ni kwa gari karibu na chuo kuangalia kwa
wafanyakazi, wenzake kufundisha na CAS, na

838
00:43:37,530 --> 00:43:40,080
wakati huna, na kuwafanya
kwenye shuttle bus yako.

839
00:43:40,080 --> 00:43:44,035
Hakuna hata mmoja wao kweli wanaonekana kuwa hapa,
hivyo sisi ni kwenda kuingia kanuni kudanganya.

840
00:43:44,035 --> 00:43:47,150
>> [Kicheko]

841
00:43:47,150 --> 00:43:48,430
>> DAVID Malan: Kuna sisi kwenda.

842
00:43:48,430 --> 00:43:49,240
Wote haki.

843
00:43:49,240 --> 00:43:51,750
Na hapa sasa ni wafanyakazi
laced katika chuo.

844
00:43:51,750 --> 00:43:54,530
Na kama unaweza kuona, kwa mkono wa kulia
upande wa screen, basi kuhamisha

845
00:43:54,530 --> 00:43:55,510
ina viti tupu.

846
00:43:55,510 --> 00:43:59,000
Na lengo ilikuwa ni kuandika
kificho na ambayo kuiga hii

847
00:43:59,000 --> 00:44:01,790
kuendesha gari na kuokota na kuacha
mbali ya abiria.

848
00:44:01,790 --> 00:44:04,960
Kwamba moja, pia, kwa kutumia lugha ya
kuitwa JavaScript.

849
00:44:04,960 --> 00:44:10,030
Hivyo kutambua mipango ambayo kama kwamba mapenzi
kuwa juu ya trajectory wetu huo hii

850
00:44:10,030 --> 00:44:10,910
mwaka, kama vile.

851
00:44:10,910 --> 00:44:13,640
>> Katika suala, sasa, kwa msaada wa ziada,
tuna masaa ya ofisi.

852
00:44:13,640 --> 00:44:16,520
Kama unaweza kuwa na kuonekana katika nyumba yako mwenyewe
dining hall au katika Annenberg,

853
00:44:16,520 --> 00:44:19,280
tutaweza kuwa katika nyumba dining
kumbi nne usiku wiki -

854
00:44:19,280 --> 00:44:24,450
LEVERETT, Pfoho, Eliot na Annenberg
mwaka huu, 8:00 na 11:00.

855
00:44:24,450 --> 00:44:26,830
Na nini sisi mawazo tunatarajia kufanya mwaka huu
ni kitu tofauti kidogo.

856
00:44:26,830 --> 00:44:29,650
>> Kama wewe kusikia rumblings mwaka jana kuwa
ilikuwa ni kidogo mno yanayokusumbua, hii

857
00:44:29,650 --> 00:44:32,800
ofisi ya mwaka masaa, kama tutaweza kuelezea
wiki ijayo, itakuwa zaidi ya viumbe hai,

858
00:44:32,800 --> 00:44:36,900
ambapo juu ya kuwasili, wewe utakuwa
dispatched meza moja hasa

859
00:44:36,900 --> 00:44:39,860
ambapo nyingi wafanyakazi wanachama wanangojea,
na tutaweza kufanya mambo mengi zaidi

860
00:44:39,860 --> 00:44:40,440
hai.

861
00:44:40,440 --> 00:44:43,740
Hakuna foleni zaidi, iPad tena, lakini
badala ya kuwa karibu zaidi

862
00:44:43,740 --> 00:44:47,300
mazungumzo ya karibu na meza ya tu
nane au hivyo wanafunzi, ili kwamba sisi

863
00:44:47,300 --> 00:44:50,880
takriban kujisikia ya nini vinginevyo
itakuwa tabaka ndogo sana.

864
00:44:50,880 --> 00:44:54,120
>> Sisi kutoa, kama vile, mambo haya sisi
kuitwa walkthroughs, video zingine katika

865
00:44:54,120 --> 00:44:57,330
kuendeleza na mmoja wa kufundisha kozi ya
wenzake, Zamyla, ambayo yeye

866
00:44:57,330 --> 00:45:00,690
anatembea wewe kwa njia ya tatizo ya wiki
seti, sadaka ya vidokezo na tricks kwa

867
00:45:00,690 --> 00:45:02,640
changamoto kuweka mbele.

868
00:45:02,640 --> 00:45:06,230
Na kinyume chake, baada ya seti tatizo ni
kutokana, mwaka huu, tutaweza pia kutolewa

869
00:45:06,230 --> 00:45:09,100
video kidogo kuwaita baada ya mortems kwamba
kweli kutembea wewe kupitia

870
00:45:09,100 --> 00:45:13,630
mwakilishi ufumbuzi, mema na
mbaya, kupitia ambayo unaweza infer jinsi

871
00:45:13,630 --> 00:45:17,550
unaweza kuwa na au kuwa na
kutekelezwa ufumbuzi yako mwenyewe.

872
00:45:17,550 --> 00:45:20,500
>> Na nini tutaweza kutoa kwa mara ya kwanza
mwaka huu pia, hasa

873
00:45:20,500 --> 00:45:23,420
kwa wale wanafunzi ambao kitu wenyewe
wa wa kozi nyingine

874
00:45:23,420 --> 00:45:28,580
rasilimali lakini hata hivyo wanajitahidi
kila sana, bila shaka

875
00:45:28,580 --> 00:45:33,030
yenyewe itakuwa jozi wale wanafunzi, kama
rasilimali kibali, na wakufunzi ili

876
00:45:33,030 --> 00:45:35,840
una mengi zaidi ionekane
fursa kuliko kumbi dining nyumba

877
00:45:35,840 --> 00:45:38,700
kwa ajili ya kuruhusu misaada ya moja kwa moja.

878
00:45:38,700 --> 00:45:42,780
>> Sasa mtazamo wa mwisho katika baadhi ya
ya michezo ya mwisho mbele.

879
00:45:42,780 --> 00:45:44,580
Unaweza kuwa na mazoea na
CS50 hackathon.

880
00:45:44,580 --> 00:45:48,120
Naam, kuja mwezi huu wa Desemba, kutoka 08:00
PM to 7:00 asubuhi, katika mwanzo wa

881
00:45:48,120 --> 00:45:51,410
Kipindi kusoma, itakuwa fursa ya
kukusanya na wanafunzi -

882
00:45:51,410 --> 00:45:53,130
hii itakuwa karibu PM 9:00 -

883
00:45:53,130 --> 00:45:56,550
wakati ambao wewe kupiga mbizi katika fainali yako
utekelezaji wa mradi wa pamoja

884
00:45:56,550 --> 00:45:59,910
wanafunzi wenzao, marafiki, na chakula.

885
00:45:59,910 --> 00:46:03,680
Hii itakuwa karibu 1:00, wakati
awamu ya kwanza ya chakula aliwasili.

886
00:46:03,680 --> 00:46:08,470
Na hii ni kuhusu 04:00 kwamba
Hasa katika mwaka hackathon CS50.

887
00:46:08,470 --> 00:46:12,000
>> Lakini kilele kweli bila shaka ni
maana ya Fair CS50, chuo kote

888
00:46:12,000 --> 00:46:15,790
maonyesho ya miradi yako mwenyewe ya mwisho,
ambayo familia na marafiki wote ni

889
00:46:15,790 --> 00:46:18,730
walioalikwa, kama waajiri wetu na
marafiki wetu kutoka sekta.

890
00:46:18,730 --> 00:46:22,170
Hii, kwa mfano, ni mtazamo wa
2000-plus watu ambao wameweza walihudhuria

891
00:46:22,170 --> 00:46:23,160
miaka ya nyuma.

892
00:46:23,160 --> 00:46:27,180
Maneno kama hii ni kawaida,
na vile vile kufanya yako

893
00:46:27,180 --> 00:46:29,660
classmates furaha katika mambo
umefanya yametimia.

894
00:46:29,660 --> 00:46:33,170
>> Na kwa kweli, upande wa mwisho kwamba, tuna
tukio mwanzo wa muhula, kama vile.

895
00:46:33,170 --> 00:46:37,400
Kama mambo kama hii rufaa na wewe, au
wewe ni angalau curious kama yale

896
00:46:37,400 --> 00:46:41,590
hii, kujua kwamba utamaduni mpya ya
Bila shaka inaitwa CS50 Puzzle Siku.

897
00:46:41,590 --> 00:46:45,710
Na hii ilikuwa aliweka michache ya
miaka ya nyuma kwa kweli ishara kwa chuo

898
00:46:45,710 --> 00:46:48,930
kwamba sayansi ya kompyuta si juu ya
programu, na ni hakika si

899
00:46:48,930 --> 00:46:51,960
kuhusu kumuunga wale tu wanafunzi
ambao wana uzoefu kabla.

900
00:46:51,960 --> 00:46:54,200
Ni kweli kuhusu kutatua matatizo
zaidi kwa ujumla.

901
00:46:54,200 --> 00:46:57,360
>> Na hivyo Puzzle Siku chache zilizopita juu ya
miaka sasa, ina tolewa katika nzuri

902
00:46:57,360 --> 00:47:00,500
kushirikiana na marafiki zetu katika
Facebook, ambapo kutakuwa fabulous

903
00:47:00,500 --> 00:47:04,830
zawadi na pizza katika mto katika
i-maabara Jumamosi ijayo.

904
00:47:04,830 --> 00:47:09,180
Kichwa na URL kwamba pamoja na mbili au tatu
marafiki kama ungependa kushiriki

905
00:47:09,180 --> 00:47:10,830
katika mila hii mpya.

906
00:47:10,830 --> 00:47:14,180
>> Hivyo ningependa kuuliza kwamba kushika moja
kitu katika akili, na sisi tumepewa tu

907
00:47:14,180 --> 00:47:17,070
dakika mbili cha picha ya juu ambayo
kuifunga leo.

908
00:47:17,070 --> 00:47:19,640
73% ni idadi kukumbuka.

909
00:47:19,640 --> 00:47:23,900
Keki, pia, wakisubiri wewe nje ya hii
transept kama sisi kuahirisha katika tu

910
00:47:23,900 --> 00:47:26,710
michache ya muda mfupi, ambayo ni mila
bila shaka, kama vile.

911
00:47:26,710 --> 00:47:29,860
Lakini hii ni quote muhimu kutoka
silabasi kozi ya kukumbuka.

912
00:47:29,860 --> 00:47:32,820
Nini hatimaye mambo katika kozi hii
si sana ambapo kuishia

913
00:47:32,820 --> 00:47:36,580
jamaa na wanafunzi wako lakini ambapo
wewe, katika wiki ya 12, jamaa na kuishia

914
00:47:36,580 --> 00:47:37,960
mwenyewe katika Wiki 0.

915
00:47:37,960 --> 00:47:43,670
>> Lakini mtazamo kwamba sisi kuondoka wewe
na hapa leo hii ni moja ya mwisho hapa

916
00:47:43,670 --> 00:47:47,580
na Daniel wetu huo, ambao walifanya
wrdly video tu wakati iliyopita.

917
00:47:47,580 --> 00:47:50,000
Mimi kuondoka na mtazamo huu
ya kile uongo mbele.

918
00:47:50,000 --> 00:47:53,360
Na kama sisi kufanya hivyo, kama tunaweza kuwa na CS50
wafanyakazi kutoka mbele ya chumba

919
00:47:53,360 --> 00:47:57,280
kuja juu hadi hatua ya rangi zote
zaidi ya picha Visual kama kwa

920
00:47:57,280 --> 00:47:59,100
nini watapata wewe mwaka huu -

921
00:47:59,100 --> 00:48:00,350
kupata Awkward.

922
00:48:00,350 --> 00:48:02,200

923
00:48:02,200 --> 00:48:05,188
Tutaweza kuhitimisha na hii
hapa kwenye screen.

924
00:48:05,188 --> 00:48:18,634
>> [Halisi kucheza]

925
00:48:18,634 --> 00:48:21,124
>> DAVID Malan: Hii ni CS50.

926
00:48:21,124 --> 00:50:00,226
>> [MUSIC - MATT & KIM, "ni alright"]

927
00:50:00,226 --> 00:50:03,245
>> SPIKA 1: I love CS50 zaidi ya paka.

928
00:50:03,245 --> 00:50:06,030
>> SPIKA 2: Whoaaaa!

929
00:50:06,030 --> 00:50:06,990
>> [Kicheko]

930
00:50:06,990 --> 00:50:08,140
>> DAVID Malan: Hii, basi, ni CS50.

931
00:50:08,140 --> 00:50:10,050
Tutaona wewe juu ya Ijumaa.

932
00:50:10,050 --> 00:50:13,370
>> [Makofi na kuwashangilia]

933
00:50:13,370 --> 00:50:17,540
>> NARRATOR: CS50 ijayo, onstage
demo haina kwenda kama ilivyopangwa.

934
00:50:17,540 --> 00:50:19,080
>> DAVID Malan: Tunataka kupata Mike
Smith katika kitabu hiki simu.

935
00:50:19,080 --> 00:50:20,380
Naam, ni nini hisia zako?

936
00:50:20,380 --> 00:50:23,750
Nipate kuruka takribani katikati ya
kitabu cha simu, mtazamo chini, kuona kwamba

937
00:50:23,750 --> 00:50:26,830
Mimi nina katika M, na mimi kujua sasa kwamba Mike
Smith ni mmoja wa kushoto.

938
00:50:26,830 --> 00:50:27,840
Lazima awe na haki.

939
00:50:27,840 --> 00:50:30,515
Na hivyo katika hatua hii, sisi
unaweza literally machozi -

940
00:50:30,515 --> 00:50:33,300
katika hatua hii, tunaweza literally machozi -

941
00:50:33,300 --> 00:50:36,490
katika hatua hii, tunaweza mfano
machozi kitabu cha simu katika nusu.

942
00:50:36,490 --> 00:50:38,954
>> [UKELELE strumming]