1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,140

2
00:00:00,140 --> 00:00:03,700
>> PROFESSOR HARLAN: HTML, au HyperText
Markup Language, ni lugha katika

3
00:00:03,700 --> 00:00:04,870
ambayo kurasa za mtandao yaliyoandikwa.

4
00:00:04,870 --> 00:00:08,140
Sasa, ni si lugha ya programu,
kwa sababu haina kuruhusu sisi kueleza

5
00:00:08,140 --> 00:00:11,420
mantiki, kama kwa tanzi, na wakati tanzi,
na hali na kama.

6
00:00:11,420 --> 00:00:14,690
Badala yake, kweli ni lugha ghafi
ambayo inaruhusu sisi bayana nini mtandao

7
00:00:14,690 --> 00:00:17,490
ukurasa lazima kuangalia kama, kimuundo
na aesthetically.

8
00:00:17,490 --> 00:00:20,210
Na anafanya hivyo kwa njia ya
kile kinachojulikana vitambulisho.

9
00:00:20,210 --> 00:00:23,470
Hebu tujivinjari katika na kufanya rahisi ya
mtandao ukurasa, mmoja kwamba tu anasema, kwa

10
00:00:23,470 --> 00:00:25,410
mfano, hello dunia.

11
00:00:25,410 --> 00:00:29,940
>> Taarifa hapa, katika gedit, kwamba nimekuwa tayari
kuokolewa faili kama hello.html.

12
00:00:29,940 --> 00:00:32,990
Na taarifa hapa chini, katika terminal
dirisha, kwamba mimi kuonekana kuwa ndani ya

13
00:00:32,990 --> 00:00:36,070
directory aitwaye ya umma, ambayo yenyewe
ni ndani ya directory aitwaye

14
00:00:36,070 --> 00:00:39,770
jeshi za mitaa, ambayo yenyewe ni ndani ya
directory aitwaye vhosts, ambayo

15
00:00:39,770 --> 00:00:42,850
yenyewe ni ndani ya John Harvard ya
directory nyumbani.

16
00:00:42,850 --> 00:00:45,850
Sasa ni zamu nje, kwa sababu ya njia
tumekuwa kimeundwa appliance, ambayo

17
00:00:45,850 --> 00:00:49,670
ni katika dunia kama kweli njia iwezekanavyo,
kitu chochote ndani ya umma huu

18
00:00:49,670 --> 00:00:53,400
directory lazima, kwa kweli, kuwa kupatikana
kwa umma kwa ujumla kupitia

19
00:00:53,400 --> 00:00:56,610
kivinjari, ingawa, sasa hivi,
Mimi nina user tu ambaye ni kwenda kuwa

20
00:00:56,610 --> 00:00:58,340
kupata tovuti hii.

21
00:00:58,340 --> 00:01:03,120
>> Hebu sasa kurudi hello.html na kuanza
kuandika baadhi ya lugha hiyo.

22
00:01:03,120 --> 00:01:07,110
Kwanza, atop faili hili, mimi nina kwenda
bayana wazi bracket, mshangao

23
00:01:07,110 --> 00:01:10,400
uhakika, DOCTYPE nafasi html.

24
00:01:10,400 --> 00:01:13,930
Line hii si tag, per se, hata
ingawa haina kuanza na wazi

25
00:01:13,930 --> 00:01:18,020
bracket, lakini badala yake, ni maalum
moja line kipande kwamba unasema kwa

26
00:01:18,020 --> 00:01:22,370
browser, inakuja mtandao
ukurasa yaliyoandikwa katika HTML.

27
00:01:22,370 --> 00:01:26,920
>> Hebu pili, juu ya line ya aina yake,
bayana wazi bracket html, kuonyesha

28
00:01:26,920 --> 00:01:29,890
browser kwamba hapa,
kweli, ni kwamba HTML.

29
00:01:29,890 --> 00:01:34,150
Ndani ya kwamba, hebu Indent kidogo, na
basi kichwa, inayobainisha kwa

30
00:01:34,150 --> 00:01:37,470
browser, inakuja mkuu wa
ukurasa, ambayo, kwa sasa, kudhani ni

31
00:01:37,470 --> 00:01:40,830
kimsingi cheo bar katika sana
juu ya dirisha browser ya.

32
00:01:40,830 --> 00:01:45,500
Hebu ijayo bayana, ndani ya kichwa kwamba
tag, kwamba tutaweza kuwa na jina la

33
00:01:45,500 --> 00:01:47,570
kitu rahisi kama hello.

34
00:01:47,570 --> 00:01:51,550
Lakini sasa, hebu kuwaambia kisakuzi
sisi ni kosa kutoa jina.

35
00:01:51,550 --> 00:01:56,080
Kwa kufanya hivyo, tu kama sisi kufunguliwa au kuanza
tag, cheo, wakati iliyopita,

36
00:01:56,080 --> 00:02:00,250
hebu sasa karibu au kumaliza tag kwamba kwa
kubainisha, katika athari, kinyume.

37
00:02:00,250 --> 00:02:05,010
>> Kueleza kwamba, sisi kufanya bracket wazi,
mbele kufyeka, cheo.

38
00:02:05,010 --> 00:02:07,830
Vile vile, sasa kwamba sisi ni kosa kufafanua,
kwa sasa, mkuu wa hii

39
00:02:07,830 --> 00:02:12,340
ukurasa, tutaweza kufanya wazi bracket slash kichwa,
kuwaambia browser kwamba sisi ni

40
00:02:12,340 --> 00:02:14,710
sasa kufanyika kutoa kichwa.

41
00:02:14,710 --> 00:02:18,080
Sehemu moja tu sasa bado,
kinachojulikana mwili wa ukurasa wa mtandao, ambayo

42
00:02:18,080 --> 00:02:21,120
kweli hufanya kiini
ya ukurasa wowote mtandao.

43
00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:24,780
>> Hebu bayana kwamba, hapa, ni
mwanzo, kwa wazi bracket, mwili,

44
00:02:24,780 --> 00:02:25,600
karibu bracket.

45
00:02:25,600 --> 00:02:29,080
Na hebu sasa kuandika kitu
kama hujambo comma dunia.

46
00:02:29,080 --> 00:02:32,930
Anahisi kama hii ni nzuri ya kutosha mtandao
ukurasa, hivyo hebu sasa hoja ya mstari mpya.

47
00:02:32,930 --> 00:02:37,460
Bayana bracket wazi, mbele kufyeka,
mwili, taarifa browser kwamba sisi ni

48
00:02:37,460 --> 00:02:38,650
kufanyika kutoa mwili.

49
00:02:38,650 --> 00:02:41,120
Na vile vile, hebu sasa kuwajulisha
browser kwamba mimi nina done

50
00:02:41,120 --> 00:02:43,230
kutoa ukurasa wa mtandao.

51
00:02:43,230 --> 00:02:47,120
On line yake mwenyewe, tutaweza kufanya wazi
bracket, mbele kufyeka, html.

52
00:02:47,120 --> 00:02:49,350
>> Sasa, taarifa aesthetics
ya ukurasa huu mtandao.

53
00:02:49,350 --> 00:02:52,290
Hata ingawa, kitaalam, si
wanatakiwa kutoa nyeupe kama vile

54
00:02:52,290 --> 00:02:55,450
nafasi kama mimi, ni mtindo mzuri, kwa sababu
code ni, arguably, kiasi

55
00:02:55,450 --> 00:02:56,490
zaidi someka.

56
00:02:56,490 --> 00:03:00,780
Ilani, hasa, kwamba wakati mimi kufungua
au kuanza tag, mimi kisha Indent katika

57
00:03:00,780 --> 00:03:02,040
mistari kwamba kufuata.

58
00:03:02,040 --> 00:03:05,990
Na wakati mimi karibu au na tag, mimi
karibu tag kuwa ama juu ya sawa

59
00:03:05,990 --> 00:03:09,790
line, kama ni line haki fupi, au
kwenye mstari mpya katika namna ambayo

60
00:03:09,790 --> 00:03:14,540
karibu tag yanaendana na tag wazi,
sana kama tulivyofanya katika lugha kama C

61
00:03:14,540 --> 00:03:17,380
kwa wazi na karibu braces curly.

62
00:03:17,380 --> 00:03:20,350
>> Hebu sasa ila faili hili na kujaribu
kufungua katika kivinjari

63
00:03:20,350 --> 00:03:21,600
ndani ya appliance.

64
00:03:21,600 --> 00:03:24,180

65
00:03:24,180 --> 00:03:30,310
Hebu kufungua Chrome, na hebu sasa
kutembelea http://localhost, ambayo ni

66
00:03:30,310 --> 00:03:34,930
jina la utani kwa appliance
yenyewe, / hello.html.

67
00:03:34,930 --> 00:03:38,230
Na taarifa kwamba nimepata si kweli typed
umma, kwa sababu ni alisema

68
00:03:38,230 --> 00:03:42,430
kwamba kama kutembelea ukurasa huu kupitia mtandao
browser, wewe kweli unataka kupata

69
00:03:42,430 --> 00:03:44,430
yaliyomo ya saraka ya umma.

70
00:03:44,430 --> 00:03:47,740
Lakini mimi unataka kupata, hasa,
hello.html.

71
00:03:47,740 --> 00:03:50,854
Basi hebu sasa hit Enter
na kuona nini kinatokea.

72
00:03:50,854 --> 00:03:51,710
>> Hm.

73
00:03:51,710 --> 00:03:56,260
Sina ruhusa ya kupata
/ Hello.html kwenye seva hii.

74
00:03:56,260 --> 00:03:57,570
Sasa, kwa nini huenda kuwa ni nani?

75
00:03:57,570 --> 00:04:01,040
Naam, ni zamu nje si ya kutosha
kwa kuweka tu faili hili, hello.html,

76
00:04:01,040 --> 00:04:02,560
katika saraka ya umma.

77
00:04:02,560 --> 00:04:06,150
Sisi pia haja ya proactively kuwaambia
appliance kwamba sisi, kwa kweli, unataka

78
00:04:06,150 --> 00:04:09,470
kuruhusu dunia nzima, uwezekano,
kupata faili hii.

79
00:04:09,470 --> 00:04:12,470
Kwa kufanya hivyo, tunahitaji kubadilika
ruhusa, hivyo kusema, na tunaweza

80
00:04:12,470 --> 00:04:14,600
kufanya hivyo katika mstari amri.

81
00:04:14,600 --> 00:04:20,079
>> Hebu aina ls-l kupata orodha ya muda mrefu
ya files katika orodha hii, kuingia.

82
00:04:20,079 --> 00:04:22,480
Na tunaona, kwa kweli, hello.html.

83
00:04:22,480 --> 00:04:25,882
Lakini juu ya hapa upande wa kushoto,
taarifa, ni r na w.

84
00:04:25,882 --> 00:04:29,050
r, kama unaweza kuwa guessed, ina maana
kusoma, na njia w kuandika, lakini

85
00:04:29,050 --> 00:04:32,470
kweli kuna moja tu kama r na
mmoja kama w, njia yote juu ya

86
00:04:32,470 --> 00:04:36,710
upande wa kushoto wa dashes hizo, ina maana kwamba tu
files mmiliki, mimi mwenyewe, unaweza kweli

87
00:04:36,710 --> 00:04:38,370
kusoma na kuandika faili hii.

88
00:04:38,370 --> 00:04:41,610
>> Tunahitaji kugeuza angalau mtu mwingine
r basi dunia nzima kusoma

89
00:04:41,610 --> 00:04:42,810
faili hili pia.

90
00:04:42,810 --> 00:04:47,320
Na kwa kufanya hivyo, tunaweza kufanya hivyo kwa
amri, chmod, au mabadiliko ya mode.

91
00:04:47,320 --> 00:04:54,030
chmod, kwa ajili ya wote, pamoja na r,
nafasi, hello.html kuingia.

92
00:04:54,030 --> 00:04:56,970
Kitu inaonekana kuwa kilichotokea, lakini
kwamba kwa ujumla ni jambo jema.

93
00:04:56,970 --> 00:05:02,490
Hivyo ls-l tena lazima, hopefully,
mavuno baadhi ya ziada r ya.

94
00:05:02,490 --> 00:05:04,130
>> Na kwa kweli, sisi kufanya kuona vile.

95
00:05:04,130 --> 00:05:08,350
On mkono wa kushoto upande hapa sasa, taarifa
kwamba mimi kusoma na kuandika marupurupu.

96
00:05:08,350 --> 00:05:10,320
Kuna r mwingine, na kisha r mwingine.

97
00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:13,180
Naam, ni zamu nje r katika katikati
ina maana kundi wangu, ambayo hufanyika kuwa

98
00:05:13,180 --> 00:05:15,370
wanafunzi katika appliance,
Unaweza pia kusoma faili hii.

99
00:05:15,370 --> 00:05:18,235
Lakini hiyo ni kwa kiasi kikubwa lisilo hapa,
tangu tunazungumzia juu ya mtandao na

100
00:05:18,235 --> 00:05:19,850
si appliance yenyewe.

101
00:05:19,850 --> 00:05:23,420
Lakini hiyo r tatu njia yote juu ya
haki inaonyesha kwamba dunia nzima,

102
00:05:23,420 --> 00:05:25,920
au yote, unaweza kusoma faili hii.

103
00:05:25,920 --> 00:05:29,290
>> Hebu sasa kwenda nyuma ya browser yangu, Reload
ukurasa, na kuona kama mimi nina hakuna

104
00:05:29,290 --> 00:05:32,050
tena haramu.

105
00:05:32,050 --> 00:05:36,800
Hebu bonyeza Chrome ya Reload icon up
hapa, au kugonga Kudhibiti-R, na huko sisi

106
00:05:36,800 --> 00:05:38,750
kuwa ni, hello dunia.

107
00:05:38,750 --> 00:05:41,248