1
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2
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>> [Daqq ta mużika]

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DUSTIN TRAN: Hi.

5
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Jisimni Dustin.

6
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So I ser tkun qed tippreżenta
Analiżi tad-Data fl R.

7
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Just ftit dwar myself.

8
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Jien bħalissa student gradwat fil
l-Inġinerija u Applikata Xjenzi.

9
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I tistudja intersezzjoni ta
tagħlim magna u l-istatistika

10
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hekk Analiżi tad-Data fl-R hija
verament fundamentali li dak li

11
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I do fuq bażi ta 'kuljum.

12
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>> U R huwa speċjalment
tajba għall-analiżi tad-data

13
00:00:35,710 --> 00:00:39,310
għaliex dan huwa tajjeb ħafna għall prototyping.

14
00:00:39,310 --> 00:00:43,590
U normalment, meta int tagħmel xi tip
ta 'analiżi tad-data, lott ta' problemi

15
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huma ser konjittivi.

16
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U għalhekk inti biss jixtiequ li jkollhom
xi lingwa verament tajba li

17
00:00:48,700 --> 00:00:53,770
huwa biss tajjeb biex tagħmel
mibnija fil-funzjonijiet, kif oppost

18
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li jkollu x'jaqsam ma 'affarijiet livell baxx.

19
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Allura fil-bidu, jien biss se
li tintroduċi dak li huwa R, għaliex kieku

20
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inti tixtieq li tagħmel użu minnha, u
imbagħad mur fuq fis xi demo,

21
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u biss jmorru fuq minn hemm.

22
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>> Allura x'inhi R?

23
00:01:08,150 --> 00:01:11,180
R huwa biss f'lingwa żviluppat
għall-komputazzjoni ta 'statistika

24
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u l-viżwalizzazzjoni.

25
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Allura dak li dan ifisser huwa li
huwa lingwa ħafna eċċellenti

26
00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:22,400
għal kwalunkwe tip ta 'ħaġa li jittratta ma'
inċertezza jew viżwalizzazzjoni data.

27
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Allura inti għandek dawn kollha
distribuzzjonijiet tal-probabilità.

28
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Hemm ser ikunu
mibnija fil-funzjonijiet.

29
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Int ser ikollok wkoll eċċellenti
plotting pakketti.

30
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>> Python hija ieħor jikkompetu
lingwa għal data.

31
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U ħaġa waħda li I isibu li R
hija ħafna aħjar lejn huwa viżwalizzazzjoni.

32
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Allura dak li int ser tara fil-demo bħala
ukoll huwa biss lingwa ħafna intuwittivi

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li biss taħdem tajjeb ħafna.

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Huwa wkoll ħielsa u sors miftuħ, kif
huwa kwalunkwe lingwa oħra tajba I raden.

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00:01:53,140 --> 00:01:55,440
>> U hawn, mazz ta 'ftit
keywords jintefa fi inti.

36
00:01:55,440 --> 00:02:00,450
Huwa dinamiku, li jfisser jekk għandek
tip speċifiku assenjat għal oġġett

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milli dan ser biss jibdlu fuq il-fly.

38
00:02:02,025 --> 00:02:05,670
Huwa għażżien hekk huwa intelliġenti dwar
kif tagħmlu kalkoli.

39
00:02:05,670 --> 00:02:12,250
Funzjonali li jfisser li jista 'verament joperaw
bbażata off ta 'funzjonijiet tant anything--

40
00:02:12,250 --> 00:02:16,910
kwalunkwe tip ta 'manipulazzjoni int
tagħmel, se jkun ibbażat off funzjonijiet.

41
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>> Operaturi sabiex binarja, per eżempju,
huma funzjonijiet biss intrinsikament.

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U dak kollu li
int ser tagħmel hu

43
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ser ikunu run off funzjonijiet innifsu.

44
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U mbagħad joġġezzjonaw orjentati ukoll.

45
00:02:27,140 --> 00:02:30,930
>> Allura hawnhekk huwa plot XKCD.

46
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Mhux biss għaliex inħoss bħal
XKCD huwa fundamentali għal kwalunkwe tip

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ta 'preżentazzjoni, iżda minħabba
Inħoss bħal dan verament

48
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martelli il-punt li ħafna ta 'l-
ħin meta int tagħmel xi tip ta 'data

49
00:02:42,160 --> 00:02:46,570
analiżi, il-problema mhix
tant kif fast tmur,

50
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imma kemm żmien li għaddej biex
tieħu inti programm il-kompitu.

51
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Allura hawnhekk huwa biss analizzat jekk
strateġija ta 'jew b huwa aktar effiċjenti.

52
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Dan se jkun
xi ħaġa li int

53
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ser jittrattaw ħafna magħhom
sort ta 'lingwi ta' livell baxx

54
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fejn int jittrattaw difetti SEG,
allokazzjoni memorja, initializations,

55
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anke jagħmlu l-mibnija fil-funzjonijiet.

56
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U dan il-għalf hija kollha mmaniġġjati
ħafna, ħafna elegantly fl R.

57
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>> Hekk biss li martell din
punt, l-akbar ostaklu

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se tkun konjittivi.

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Allura analiżi tad-data hija problema iebsa ħafna.

60
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Sew jekk inti qiegħed tagħmel
tagħlim magna jew int

61
00:03:19,340 --> 00:03:22,550
tagħmel biss xi tip ta '
esplorazzjoni data bażika,

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inti ma tridx li jkollhom
li tieħu dokument

63
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u mbagħad jikkompilaw
xi ħaġa kull darba li inti

64
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trid tara dak kolonna Dehra,
dak partikulari entrati f'matriċi

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Dehra.

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Allura inti biss jixtiequ li jkollhom
xi interfaċċa tassew sbieħ

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inti tista 'taħdem funzjoni sempliċi
li indiċi għal dak kollu

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youd tixtieq u biss run minn hemm.

69
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U inti għandek bżonn dominju
lingwi speċifiċi għal dan.

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U R verament ser jgħinuk tiddefinixxi l-
problema u ssolvi lilha b'dan il-mod.

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>> Allura hawnhekk huwa plott turi programmar
popolarità ta 'R kif huwa marret matul iż-żmien.

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Allura kif tista 'tara, bħal 2013 jew
hekk hija biss minfuħa up bil-kbir.

73
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U dan kien biss minħabba li
xejra enormi fl-industrija tat-teknoloġija

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data dwar kbar.

75
00:04:10,590 --> 00:04:13,010
Ukoll, mhux biss l-teknoloġija
industrija, imma verament

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kwalunkwe that-- industrija minħabba
lott ta 'l-industriji

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huma tip ta 'fundamentali biex
jippruvaw isolvu dawn il-problemi.

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U normalment, inti jista 'jkollhom xi tajba
mod ta 'kejl dawn il-problemi

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jew saħansitra tiddefinixxi għalihom jew
soluzzjoni għalihom jużaw data.

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So I think dritt issa R hija l-11
aktar lingwa popolari fuq TIOBE

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u huwa kien qed jikber minn dakinhar.

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00:04:38,200 --> 00:04:40,740

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>> Allura hawnhekk ftit aktar
karatteristiċi ta 'R. Hija għandha

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numru enormi ta 'pakketti u
għal dawn l-affarijiet differenti.

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Allura kwalunkwe ħin għandek
ċerti problema, l-aktar

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il-ħin R se jkollhom
dik il-funzjoni għalik.

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00:04:55,060 --> 00:04:58,520
Mela jekk inti tixtieq li
jibnu xi tip ta 'magna

88
00:04:58,520 --> 00:05:02,770
algoritmu tagħlim imsejħa
Random Forest jew Deċiżjoni Siġar,

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jew saħansitra jippruvaw jieħdu l-medja ta '
funzjoni jew xi parti minn dan Jittieħed,

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R se jkollhom dik.

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>> U jekk inti tagħmel inti care about
ottimizzazzjoni, ħaġa waħda li l-komuni

92
00:05:14,190 --> 00:05:17,430
huwa li wara li inti qed isir prototyping
xi tip ta 'lingwaġġ ta' livell għoli,

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inti ser tarmi dik in--
inti se biss port li maż

94
00:05:19,810 --> 00:05:21,550
li xi lingwa ta 'livell baxx.

95
00:05:21,550 --> 00:05:26,090
X'hemm tajba dwar R hija li ladarba int
isir prototipi dan, inti tista 'taħdem C ++

96
00:05:26,090 --> 00:05:29,510
jew FORTRAN, jew xi waħda minn dawn
Dawk baxxi livell direttament fl R.

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Allura dak waħda verament
Karatteristika jibred dwar R,

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00:05:32,320 --> 00:05:35,930
jekk int verament jimpurtak
il-punt ottimizzazzjoni.

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00:05:35,930 --> 00:05:39,490
>> U huwa wkoll verament tajba
għall viżwalizazzjonijiet web.

100
00:05:39,490 --> 00:05:43,530
Allura D3.js, per eżempju, huwa
I raden seminar ieħor

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li aħna ppreżentat illum.

102
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U dan huwa verament tal-biża għall
tagħmel viżwalizazzjonijiet interattivi.

103
00:05:48,510 --> 00:05:54,460
U D3.js jassumi li inti għandek
xi tip ta 'data li għandha tiġi plotted

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u R huwa mod tajjeb ħafna li tkun tista 'tagħmel
l-analiżi tad-data qabel ma inti l-esportazzjoni lilha

105
00:05:58,080 --> 00:06:04,220
quddiem għall D3.js jew anki sempliċement run
D3.js jikkmanda fl-R innifsu,

106
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kif ukoll dawn kollha
libreriji oħrajn ukoll.

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>> Allura li kien biss l-introduzzjoni ta '
dak li huwa R u għaliex inti tista 'tagħmel użu minnha.

108
00:06:13,041 --> 00:06:14,790
Hekk nisperaw, stajt
inti konvint xi ħaġa

109
00:06:14,790 --> 00:06:18,460
dwar biss tipprova tara dak li huwa simili.

110
00:06:18,460 --> 00:06:23,930
Allura jien ser jimxi 'l quddiem u jgħaddu
xi elementi fundamentali dwar R oġġetti

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u dak li inti tista 'verament tagħmel.

112
00:06:26,150 --> 00:06:29,690
>> Allura hawnhekk huwa biss
mazz ta 'kmandi matematika.

113
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Allura ngħid you're-- inti tixtieq li jibnu
yourself lingwa u int biss trid

114
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li jkollhom mazz ta 'għodod differenti.

115
00:06:38,080 --> 00:06:42,520
Kwalunkwe tip ta 'operazzjoni taħseb youd
trid huwa pretty ħafna ser ikunu fil R.

116
00:06:42,520 --> 00:06:44,150
>> Allura hawnhekk huwa 2 plus 2.

117
00:06:44,150 --> 00:06:46,090
Hawnhekk huwa 2 darbiet pi.

118
00:06:46,090 --> 00:06:51,870
R għandha mazz ta 'kostanti built-in
li inti ser spiss jużaw bħal pi, e.

119
00:06:51,870 --> 00:06:56,230
>> U mbagħad, hawnhekk 7 plus
runif, hekk runif ta '1.

120
00:06:56,230 --> 00:07:02,450
Din hija funzjoni li l jiġġenera
wieħed uniformi każwali 0-1.

121
00:07:02,450 --> 00:07:04,400
U allura hemm 3 għall-qawwa tal-4.

122
00:07:04,400 --> 00:07:06,430
Hemm għeruq kwadru.

123
00:07:06,430 --> 00:07:07,270
>> Hemm log.

124
00:07:07,270 --> 00:07:14,500
Allura log se do bażi
esponenzjali minnu stess.

125
00:07:14,500 --> 00:07:18,337
U mbagħad, jekk inti tispeċifika bażi, allura
inti tista 'tagħmel dak kollu bażi trid.

126
00:07:18,337 --> 00:07:19,920
U allura hawn huma xi kmandi oħra.

127
00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:22,180
Allura inti għandek 23 mod 2.

128
00:07:22,180 --> 00:07:24,910
Imbagħad inti għandek l-bqija.

129
00:07:24,910 --> 00:07:27,110
Imbagħad għandek xjentifika
notazzjoni jekk inti wkoll

130
00:07:27,110 --> 00:07:34,060
trid tagħmel biss aktar u
affarijiet aktar ikkumplikati.

131
00:07:34,060 --> 00:07:37,320
>> Allura hawnhekk huwa assenjazzjoni.

132
00:07:37,320 --> 00:07:40,830
Assenjazzjonijiet Allura tipiċi
R isir bi vleġġa

133
00:07:40,830 --> 00:07:43,440
hekk huwa inqas mill u allura l-sing.

134
00:07:43,440 --> 00:07:47,250
So here Jien biss tassenja
3 lill-val varjabbli.

135
00:07:47,250 --> 00:07:50,160
>> U mbagħad jien istampar out val
u mbagħad prints out tlieta.

136
00:07:50,160 --> 00:07:53,920
Permezz ta 'default fil-R interpretu, dan
se print affarijiet out għalik

137
00:07:53,920 --> 00:07:57,280
sabiex inti ma għandekx jispeċifika jistampaw val
kwalunkwe ħin li inti tixtieq li jistampaw xi ħaġa.

138
00:07:57,280 --> 00:08:00,200
Inti tista 'biss tagħmel val u
allura dan ser tagħmel dan għalik.

139
00:08:00,200 --> 00:08:04,380
>> Ukoll, inti tista 'tuża jegwalja teknikament
bħala operatur assenjazzjoni.

140
00:08:04,380 --> 00:08:07,190
Hemm irqaqat żgħar
bejn l-użu tal-vleġġa

141
00:08:07,190 --> 00:08:10,730
operatur u l-partijiet ugwali
operatur għal assenjazzjonijiet.

142
00:08:10,730 --> 00:08:15,470
Għejjun b'konvenzjoni, kulħadd
biss se tuża l-operatur vleġġa.

143
00:08:15,470 --> 00:08:21,850
>> U hawn, jien tassenja dan
notazzjoni oblikwu imsejħa 1 kolon 6.

144
00:08:21,850 --> 00:08:26,010
Dan jista 'jiġġenera vector 1-6.

145
00:08:26,010 --> 00:08:29,350
U dan tassew sbieħ għaliex imbagħad
inti biss jassenja l-vector għal val

146
00:08:29,350 --> 00:08:34,270
u li jaħdem minnu stess.

147
00:08:34,270 --> 00:08:37,799
>> Allura dan huwa diġà għaddej minn
single-- tad-data ħafna intuwittivi

148
00:08:37,799 --> 00:08:41,070
istruttura ta 'ftit doppju ta'
xi tip tat-tip fi vector

149
00:08:41,070 --> 00:08:45,670
u li se jiġbor kollha
il-valuri scalar għalik.

150
00:08:45,670 --> 00:08:50,770
Allura wara li jmorru minn scalar, inti
jkollhom R oġġetti u dan huwa vector.

151
00:08:50,770 --> 00:08:55,610
A vector huwa kwalunkwe tip ta '
ġbir ta 'l-istess tip.

152
00:08:55,610 --> 00:08:58,150
Allura hawnhekk huma mazz ta 'vettori.

153
00:08:58,150 --> 00:08:59,800
>> Allura dan huwa numerika.

154
00:08:59,800 --> 00:09:02,440
Numeriku huwa mod R ta 'tgħid doppja.

155
00:09:02,440 --> 00:09:07,390
U hekk kontumaċja, kwalunkwe
in-numru se jkun doppju.

156
00:09:07,390 --> 00:09:13,150
>> Mela jekk għandek c ta '1.1, 3,
negattiva 5.7, il-c huwa funzjoni.

157
00:09:13,150 --> 00:09:16,760
Dan concatenates tlieta
numri ġo vector.

158
00:09:16,760 --> 00:09:19,619
U dan se be-- hekk jekk
tinnota 3 minnha nfisha,

159
00:09:19,619 --> 00:09:21,910
normalment inti tassumi
li dan huwa simili integer,

160
00:09:21,910 --> 00:09:25,050
iżda minħabba vectors kollha
huma l-istess tip,

161
00:09:25,050 --> 00:09:28,660
dan huwa vettur tal-doubles
jew numeriku f'dan il-każ.

162
00:09:28,660 --> 00:09:34,920
>> rnorm hija funzjoni li jiġġenera
variables-- normali standard

163
00:09:34,920 --> 00:09:36,700
jew il-valuri normali standard.

164
00:09:36,700 --> 00:09:38,360
U jien tispeċifika tnejn minnhom.

165
00:09:38,360 --> 00:09:43,840
Allura jien tagħmel rnorm 2, assenjazzjoni li biex
devs, u mbagħad jien istampar out devs.

166
00:09:43,840 --> 00:09:47,350
Allura dawn huma biss tnejn
valuri normali każwali.

167
00:09:47,350 --> 00:09:50,060
>> U allura ints jekk inti tagħmel
inti care about interi.

168
00:09:50,060 --> 00:09:54,650
Allura dan huwa biss dwar memorja
allokazzjoni u l-iffrankar memorja daqs.

169
00:09:54,650 --> 00:10:01,460
Allura inti jkollha tehmeż
numri tiegħek mill-kapital L.

170
00:10:01,460 --> 00:10:04,170
>> B'mod ġenerali, din hija
Notazzjoni storiku R

171
00:10:04,170 --> 00:10:06,940
għal xi ħaġa imsejħa integer twil.

172
00:10:06,940 --> 00:10:09,880
Allura ħafna mill-ħin, inti ser
tkun jittrattaw ma jirdoppja.

173
00:10:09,880 --> 00:10:15,180
U jekk inti qatt se aktar tard
fuq jottimizzaw kodiċi tiegħek,

174
00:10:15,180 --> 00:10:18,110
inti tista 'biss żid dawn L's
wara jew matul dan

175
00:10:18,110 --> 00:10:22,280
jekk int tixtieq precognitive dwar dak
int se tagħmel dawn il-varjabbli.

176
00:10:22,280 --> 00:10:25,340

177
00:10:25,340 --> 00:10:26,890
>> Allura hawnhekk hija vector karattru.

178
00:10:26,890 --> 00:10:31,440
Allura, għal darb'oħra, jien concatenating
tliet kordi din id-darba.

179
00:10:31,440 --> 00:10:36,230
Avviż li kordi doppja u
kordi wieħed huma l-istess fil-R.

180
00:10:36,230 --> 00:10:41,000
So I jkollhom Arthur u l Marvin u l-bqija
meta jien istampar out, ilkoll

181
00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:43,210
huma ser juru kordi doppja.

182
00:10:43,210 --> 00:10:45,880
U jekk inti tixtieq ukoll li jinkludu
il-sekwenza doppja jew wieħed

183
00:10:45,880 --> 00:10:50,070
b'karattri tiegħek, allura inti tista '
jew supplenti kordi tiegħek.

184
00:10:50,070 --> 00:10:53,540
>> Allura l Marvin għall-
tieni element, dan huwa

185
00:10:53,540 --> 00:10:56,380
ser show-- lilek
biss ikollhom kordi doppja

186
00:10:56,380 --> 00:10:59,050
u mbagħad string wieħed
għalhekk dan huwa alternanti.

187
00:10:59,050 --> 00:11:04,040
Inkella, jekk inti tixtieq li tuża double
operatur string fi string double

188
00:11:04,040 --> 00:11:07,090
meta int tiddikjara dan imbagħad,
inti biss tuża l-operatur ħarba.

189
00:11:07,090 --> 00:11:10,600
Allura inti tagħmel l-backslash string doppja.

190
00:11:10,600 --> 00:11:13,330
>> U fl-aħħarnett, aħna wkoll
jkollhom vettori loġiku.

191
00:11:13,330 --> 00:11:15,890
Allura logical-- hekk VERU
u FALZ, u dawn qed

192
00:11:15,890 --> 00:11:18,880
ser ikunu ittri kapitali kollha.

193
00:11:18,880 --> 00:11:22,370
U mbagħad, għal darb'oħra, jien concatenating
lilhom u mbagħad tassenja lill bools.

194
00:11:22,370 --> 00:11:24,590
Allura bools se juri
inti VERU, FALZ, u VERU.

195
00:11:24,590 --> 00:11:28,280

196
00:11:28,280 --> 00:11:31,620
>> Allura hawnhekk huwa indiċjar vectorized.

197
00:11:31,620 --> 00:11:34,870
Allura fil-bidu, I
am tieħu function--

198
00:11:34,870 --> 00:11:39,230
din tissejjaħ sequence--
sekwenza 2-12.

199
00:11:39,230 --> 00:11:42,490
U jien tieħu sekwenza bi 2.

200
00:11:42,490 --> 00:11:46,660
Allura huwa għaddej biex tagħmel
2, 4, 6, 8, 10 u 12.

201
00:11:46,660 --> 00:11:50,080
U mbagħad, jien indiċjar
biex jiksbu l-tielet element.

202
00:11:50,080 --> 00:11:55,770
>> Allura ħaġa waħda li wieħed iżomm f'moħħu huwa
li indiċijiet R billi jibdew mill-1.

203
00:11:55,770 --> 00:12:00,550
Allura vals 3 huwa ser jagħti
inti t-tielet element.

204
00:12:00,550 --> 00:12:04,580
Dan huwa tip ta differenti minn xulxin
lingwi fejn jibda minn żero.

205
00:12:04,580 --> 00:12:09,780
Għalhekk fl C jew C ++ per eżempju, int
ser tikseb ir-raba element.

206
00:12:09,780 --> 00:12:13,280
>> U hawn huwa vals 3-5.

207
00:12:13,280 --> 00:12:16,030
Allura ħaġa waħda li l-
verament jibred huwa li inti

208
00:12:16,030 --> 00:12:20,410
jistgħu jiġġeneraw varjabbli temporanji ġewwa
u mbagħad biss jużawhom fuq il-fly.

209
00:12:20,410 --> 00:12:21,960
Allura hawnhekk huwa 3 sa 5.

210
00:12:21,960 --> 00:12:25,070
Allura jien jiġġeneraw vector
3, 4, u 5 u mbagħad

211
00:12:25,070 --> 00:12:29,700
Jien indiċjar biex jiksbu l-tielet,
raba, u l-ħames elementi.

212
00:12:29,700 --> 00:12:32,280
>> Allura bl-istess mod, inti tista '
astratt dan biss tagħmel

213
00:12:32,280 --> 00:12:35,280
kwalunkwe tip ta 'vector
li jagħtik indiċjar.

214
00:12:35,280 --> 00:12:40,050
Allura hawnhekk huwa vals u mbagħad l-
ewwel, it-tielet, u s-sitt elementi.

215
00:12:40,050 --> 00:12:42,800
U mbagħad, jekk inti tixtieq
li tagħmel komplement,

216
00:12:42,800 --> 00:12:45,210
sabiex inti biss tagħmel l-minus
wara u li taf

217
00:12:45,210 --> 00:12:48,600
jagħtuk dak kollu li mhux il-
ewwel, it-tielet, jew sitt element.

218
00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:51,590
Allura dan se jkun 4, 8, u 10.

219
00:12:51,590 --> 00:12:54,380
>> U jekk inti tixtieq li tikseb
saħansitra aktar avvanzati,

220
00:12:54,380 --> 00:12:57,610
inti tista concatenate vettori Boolean.

221
00:12:57,610 --> 00:13:05,210
Allura dan l-indiċi huwa ser jagħtuk
dan vettur Boolean ta 'tul 6.

222
00:13:05,210 --> 00:13:07,280
Allura rep comma VERU 3.

223
00:13:07,280 --> 00:13:09,680
Dan se jirrepeti VERU tliet darbiet.

224
00:13:09,680 --> 00:13:12,900
Allura dan se jagħtik
vector VERU, VERU, VERU.

225
00:13:12,900 --> 00:13:17,470
>> rep FALZ 4-- dan se jtik
vettur tal-FALZ, FALZ, FALZ, FALZ.

226
00:13:17,470 --> 00:13:21,280
U mbagħad c se concatenate
dawn iż-żewġ Booleans flimkien.

227
00:13:21,280 --> 00:13:24,090
Allura inti qed tmur biex tikseb tlieta
TRUEs u mbagħad erba FALSEs.

228
00:13:24,090 --> 00:13:28,460
>> Hekk li meta inti vals indiċi, int
ser tikseb l-VERU, VERU, VERU.

229
00:13:28,460 --> 00:13:31,420
Allura li għaddej biex ngħid iva,
Irrid dawk it-tliet elementi.

230
00:13:31,420 --> 00:13:33,520
U mbagħad FALZ, FALZ,
FALZ, FALZ huwa għaddej

231
00:13:33,520 --> 00:13:37,140
li tgħid le, ma rridx dawk l-elementi
dan mhuwiex ser jibgħathom lura.

232
00:13:37,140 --> 00:13:41,490
>> UI raden hemm attwalment typo hawn
għaliex dan huwa qal jirrepetu VERU 3

233
00:13:41,490 --> 00:13:47,990
u rrepeti FALZ 4, u teknikament, inti
biss ikollhom sitt elementi hekk jirrepetu FALZ,

234
00:13:47,990 --> 00:13:50,470
għandu jkun ripetut FALZ 3.

235
00:13:50,470 --> 00:13:55,260
Naħseb R hija wkoll intelliġenti biżżejjed bħal
li jekk inti biss tispeċifika 4 hawn, allura

236
00:13:55,260 --> 00:13:56,630
mhux saħansitra se żball out.

237
00:13:56,630 --> 00:13:58,480
Hija se biss jagħtuk dan il-valur.

238
00:13:58,480 --> 00:14:00,970
Għalhekk ser biss jinjora dak raba FALZ.

239
00:14:00,970 --> 00:14:05,310

240
00:14:05,310 --> 00:14:09,270
>> Allura hawnhekk huwa assenjazzjoni vectorized.

241
00:14:09,270 --> 00:14:15,480
Allura set.seed-- dan biss tistabbilixxi l-
żerriegħa għal numri pseudorandom.

242
00:14:15,480 --> 00:14:20,110
Allura jien iffissar ż-żerriegħa li
42, li jfisser li jekk I jiġġeneraw

243
00:14:20,110 --> 00:14:22,950
tlieta każwali normali
Valuri, u mbagħad jekk inti

244
00:14:22,950 --> 00:14:27,400
run set.seed fuq tiegħek
kompjuter billi tuża l-istess valur 42,

245
00:14:27,400 --> 00:14:30,990
allura inti wkoll tikseb l-
istess tliet normals każwali.

246
00:14:30,990 --> 00:14:33,411
>> Allura dan huwa verament tajba
għall-riproduċibbiltà.

247
00:14:33,411 --> 00:14:35,910
Normalment, meta int tagħmel xi
tip ta 'analiżi xjentifika,

248
00:14:35,910 --> 00:14:37,230
inti tixtieq li jistabbilixxu ż-żerriegħa.

249
00:14:37,230 --> 00:14:41,270
B'dak il-mod xjentisti oħrajn tista 'sempliċement
tirriproduċi l-istess kodiċi eżatt inti stajt

250
00:14:41,270 --> 00:14:44,790
isir minħabba dawn ser ikollhom l-eżatt
varjabbli każwali istess that-- jew bl-addoċċ

251
00:14:44,790 --> 00:14:47,270
valuri li inti stajt meħuda out ukoll.

252
00:14:47,270 --> 00:14:49,870

253
00:14:49,870 --> 00:14:53,910
>> U għalhekk l-assenjazzjoni vectorized
hawnhekk huwa li turi l-vals 1 sa 2.

254
00:14:53,910 --> 00:14:59,290
Sabiex tieħu l-ewwel żewġ elementi
ta vals u mbagħad tassenja lilhom għal 0.

255
00:14:59,290 --> 00:15:03,940
U allura, inti tista 'ukoll biss tagħmel l-
Ħaġa simili ma 'l-Booleans.

256
00:15:03,940 --> 00:15:09,340
>> Allura vals mhuwiex ugwali għal 0-- dan se
jagħtuk FALZ vector, FALZ, VERU

257
00:15:09,340 --> 00:15:10,350
f'dan il-każ.

258
00:15:10,350 --> 00:15:13,770
U allura, li għaddej biex ngħid xi
ta 'dawk indiċijiet li kienu VERU,

259
00:15:13,770 --> 00:15:15,270
allura huwa għaddej biex tassenja dak sa 5.

260
00:15:15,270 --> 00:15:18,790
Allura dan jieħu t-tielet element
hawn u mbagħad tassenja dan sa 5.

261
00:15:18,790 --> 00:15:22,300
>> U dan huwa tassew sbieħ
meta mqabbla mal-lingwi ta 'livell baxx

262
00:15:22,300 --> 00:15:25,560
fejn inti għandek tuża għal loops
biex tagħmel dan kollu Jittieħed vectorized

263
00:15:25,560 --> 00:15:30,281
għaliex huwa biss ħafna intuwittivi
u huwa wieħed one-liner.

264
00:15:30,281 --> 00:15:32,030
U x'hemm dwar kbir
notazzjoni vectorized

265
00:15:32,030 --> 00:15:37,020
hija li fl-R, dawn huma tip ta '
mibnija fil hekk li dawn qed kważi malajr

266
00:15:37,020 --> 00:15:42,490
kif tagħmel f'lingwa ta 'livell baxx kif
kuntrarju tagħmel għal loop fl-R

267
00:15:42,490 --> 00:15:46,317
u mbagħad wara li tagħmel
l-indiċjar dinamiku innifsu.

268
00:15:46,317 --> 00:15:48,900
U li ser tkun aktar kajman milli tagħmel
dan it-tip ta 'ħaġa vectorized

269
00:15:48,900 --> 00:15:55,950
fejn hija tista 'tagħmel dan b'mod parallel, fejn
li qed jagħmel dan fil kamini bażikament.

270
00:15:55,950 --> 00:15:58,650
>> Allura hawnhekk huwa vectorized operazzjonijiet.

271
00:15:58,650 --> 00:16:04,920
Allura jien jiġġeneraw valur 1 sa 3,
assenjazzjoni li biex vec1, 3 sa 5, vec2,

272
00:16:04,920 --> 00:16:05,950
żiedhom flimkien.

273
00:16:05,950 --> 00:16:11,490
Hija żżid lilhom komponent għaqli hekk
li għamilhom 1 plus 3, 2 plus 4, u l-bqija.

274
00:16:11,490 --> 00:16:13,330
>> vec1 ħinijiet vec2.

275
00:16:13,330 --> 00:16:16,110
Dan timmultiplika l-tnejn
Valuri komponent għaqli.

276
00:16:16,110 --> 00:16:21,830
Allura huwa 1 darbiet 3, 2 darbiet
4, u mbagħad 3 darbiet 5.

277
00:16:21,830 --> 00:16:28,250
>> U mbagħad, b'mod simili inti tista 'ukoll tagħmel
comparisons-- paraguni loġiku.

278
00:16:28,250 --> 00:16:33,640
Allura huwa FALZ FALZ VERU f'dan
każ għaliex 1 mhix akbar minn 3,

279
00:16:33,640 --> 00:16:35,920
2 ma tkunx akbar minn 4.

280
00:16:35,920 --> 00:16:41,160
Dan huwa, I raden, typo ieħor, 3
huwa definittivament mhux akbar minn 5.

281
00:16:41,160 --> 00:16:41,660
Yeah.

282
00:16:41,660 --> 00:16:45,770
U għalhekk inti tista 'biss tagħmel dak kollu
dawn l-operazzjonijiet sempliċi

283
00:16:45,770 --> 00:16:48,350
minħabba tagħhom wiret
mill-klassijiet nfushom.

284
00:16:48,350 --> 00:16:51,110

285
00:16:51,110 --> 00:16:52,580
>> Allura li kien biss il-vector.

286
00:16:52,580 --> 00:16:56,530
U dan huwa tip ta 'l-aktar fundamentali
R oġġett minħabba mogħtija vector,

287
00:16:56,530 --> 00:16:59,170
inti tista 'tibni l-oġġetti aktar avvanzati.

288
00:16:59,170 --> 00:17:00,560
>> Allura hawnhekk matriċi.

289
00:17:00,560 --> 00:17:05,030
Dan huwa essenzjalment l-astrazzjoni
ta 'dak matriċi hu innifsu.

290
00:17:05,030 --> 00:17:10,099
Allura f'dan il-każ, huwa tlieta differenti
vettori, fejn kull wieħed minnhom ikun kolonna,

291
00:17:10,099 --> 00:17:12,710
jew inti tista 'tikkunsidra lilha
kif kull wieħed minnhom huwa filliera.

292
00:17:12,710 --> 00:17:18,250
>> Allura jien jaħżen matriċi minn 1 sa
9 u mbagħad jien tispeċifika 3 ringieli.

293
00:17:18,250 --> 00:17:23,364
Allura 1 sa 9 se jtik vector 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, u l-mod kollu sa 9.

294
00:17:23,364 --> 00:17:29,250
>> Ħaġa waħda li wkoll iżomm f'moħħu huwa li
Stores R Valuri fil-kolonna maġġuri format.

295
00:17:29,250 --> 00:17:34,160
Allura fi kliem ieħor, meta tara 1
sa 9, li għaddej biex jaħżnu them--

296
00:17:34,160 --> 00:17:36,370
li għaddej biex tkun l-1, 2,
3 fl-ewwel kolonna,

297
00:17:36,370 --> 00:17:38,510
u allura ser jagħmlu 4, 5,
6 Fit-tieni kolonna,

298
00:17:38,510 --> 00:17:41,440
u mbagħad 7, 8, 9 fit-tielet kolonna.

299
00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:45,570
>> U hawn huma xi oħra
funzjonijiet komuni tista 'tuża.

300
00:17:45,570 --> 00:17:49,650
Allura b'tapit dim, dan se jagħtik
id-dimensjonijiet ta 'l-matriċi.

301
00:17:49,650 --> 00:17:52,620
Li għaddej biex jirritornaw lilek
vettur tad-dimensjoni.

302
00:17:52,620 --> 00:17:55,580
Allura f'dan il-każ, għaliex
matriċi tagħna huwa 3 bi 3,

303
00:17:55,580 --> 00:18:01,900
li għaddej biex jagħtuk
vector numerika thats 3 3.

304
00:18:01,900 --> 00:18:05,270
>> U hawn huwa juri biss
multiplikazzjoni matriċi.

305
00:18:05,270 --> 00:18:11,970
Allura normalment, jekk inti biss tagħmel
asterisk-- hekk tapit asterisk mat--

306
00:18:11,970 --> 00:18:15,380
dan se jkun
operazzjoni komponent għaqli

307
00:18:15,380 --> 00:18:17,300
jew dak li sejjaħ il-prodott Hadamard.

308
00:18:17,300 --> 00:18:21,310
Allura huwa għaddej biex tagħmel kull
element komponent għaqli.

309
00:18:21,310 --> 00:18:23,610
Madankollu, jekk inti tixtieq
multiplication-- matriċi

310
00:18:23,610 --> 00:18:29,380
hekk jimmultiplikaw l-ewwel żminijiet ringiela
ewwel kolonna tat-tieni matriċi tal-

311
00:18:29,380 --> 00:18:34,510
u għalhekk on-- inti tuża
din l-operazzjoni fil-mija.

312
00:18:34,510 --> 00:18:38,110
>> Ut tad tapit huwa biss
operazzjoni għal traspost.

313
00:18:38,110 --> 00:18:42,590
Hekk jien tgħid jieħdu l-traspost fil
l-matriċi, immoltiplika lilha mill-matriċi

314
00:18:42,590 --> 00:18:43,090
innifsu.

315
00:18:43,090 --> 00:18:45,006
U allura li għaddej biex
ritorn lilek ieħor 3

316
00:18:45,006 --> 00:18:50,700
bi 3 matriċi li turi
l-prodott youd tixtieq.

317
00:18:50,700 --> 00:18:53,750
>> U hekk dan kien matriċi.

318
00:18:53,750 --> 00:18:56,020
Hawnhekk huwa dak li sejjaħ frame data.

319
00:18:56,020 --> 00:19:00,780
A frame data inti tista 'taħseb bħala
matriċi, iżda kull kolonna innifsu

320
00:19:00,780 --> 00:19:02,990
se tkun ta 'tip differenti.

321
00:19:02,990 --> 00:19:07,320
>> Allura x'hemm verament jibred dwar id-data
frejms hija li fl-analiżi tad-data nnifisha,

322
00:19:07,320 --> 00:19:11,260
int ser jkollhom dan kollu
data eteroġenja u dawn kollha verament

323
00:19:11,260 --> 00:19:15,640
affarijiet messy fejn kull wieħed mill-kolonni
nfushom jistgħu jkunu ta 'tipi differenti.

324
00:19:15,640 --> 00:19:21,460
So here I am qal joħolqu
frame data, do ints 1-3,

325
00:19:21,460 --> 00:19:24,750
u mbagħad għandhom ukoll vector karattru.

326
00:19:24,750 --> 00:19:28,470
So I tista 'indiċi permezz
kull wieħed minn dawn il-kolonni

327
00:19:28,470 --> 00:19:30,930
u mbagħad I ser tingħata l-valuri nfushom.

328
00:19:30,930 --> 00:19:34,370
U inti tista 'ukoll tagħmel xi tip
ta 'operazzjonijiet fuq frames data.

329
00:19:34,370 --> 00:19:38,040
U ħafna mill-ħin meta int
tagħmel analiżi tad-data jew xi tip

330
00:19:38,040 --> 00:19:42,042
ta operazzjonijiet ta 'pretrattament, inti ser tkun
ħidma ma dawn l-istrutturi tad-data

331
00:19:42,042 --> 00:19:44,250
fejn kull kolonna huwa għaddej
li jkun ta 'tip differenti.

332
00:19:44,250 --> 00:19:47,880

333
00:19:47,880 --> 00:19:52,970
>> Fl-aħħarnett, hekk dawn huma essenzjalment biss
l-erba 'oġġetti essenzjali fil-Lista R.

334
00:19:52,970 --> 00:19:55,820
biss niġbru ebda
oġġetti oħra li inti tixtieq.

335
00:19:55,820 --> 00:20:00,130
Għalhekk se taħżen din f'waħda
varjabbli li inti tista 'faċilment aċċess.

336
00:20:00,130 --> 00:20:02,370
>> Allura hawnhekk, jien tieħu lista.

337
00:20:02,370 --> 00:20:04,460
Jien qal Jittieħed ugwali 3.

338
00:20:04,460 --> 00:20:08,060
Allura jien ser ikollhom element wieħed fir
il-lista, u dan jissejjaħ Jittieħed,

339
00:20:08,060 --> 00:20:10,570
u li għaddej biex ikollhom il-valur 3.

340
00:20:10,570 --> 00:20:13,140
>> I tista 'wkoll toħloq matriċi.

341
00:20:13,140 --> 00:20:17,970
Allura dan huwa 1 sa 4 u ringiela aħħar
ugwali 2, so a 2 bi 2 matriċi.

342
00:20:17,970 --> 00:20:20,270
Ukoll fil-lista u huwa msejjaħ tapit.

343
00:20:20,270 --> 00:20:24,690
moreStuff, sekwenza ta 'karattri,
u anki ieħor lista fih innifsu.

344
00:20:24,690 --> 00:20:27,710
>> Allura din hija lista li għamilhom 5 u tbati.

345
00:20:27,710 --> 00:20:30,990
Għalhekk għandha l-valur 5 u
għandha l-ors sekwenza ta 'karattri

346
00:20:30,990 --> 00:20:32,710
u huwa lista ġewwa lista.

347
00:20:32,710 --> 00:20:35,965
Allura inti jista 'jkollhom dawn
affarijiet jirrikorri fejn

348
00:20:35,965 --> 00:20:38,230
għandek another-- a
tip fi ħdan it-tip.

349
00:20:38,230 --> 00:20:41,420
Allura bl-istess mod, inti tista 'jkollha matriċi
ġewwa matriċi ieħor u l-bqija.

350
00:20:41,420 --> 00:20:44,264
U lista hija biss mod tajjeb
ta 'ġbir u aggregazzjoni

351
00:20:44,264 --> 00:20:45,430
kollha dawn l-oġġetti differenti.

352
00:20:45,430 --> 00:20:50,210

353
00:20:50,210 --> 00:20:57,150
>> U fl-aħħarnett, hawnhekk huwa biss jgħinu fil-każ
dan kien biss marret aktar minn malajr ħafna.

354
00:20:57,150 --> 00:21:01,350
Allura ghaċ int konfuż
dwar xi tip ta 'funzjoni,

355
00:21:01,350 --> 00:21:03,510
inti tista 'tagħmel għajnuna ta' dik il-funzjoni.

356
00:21:03,510 --> 00:21:07,120
Allura inti tista 'tagħmel l-għajnuna matriċi
jew marka mistoqsija matriċi.

357
00:21:07,120 --> 00:21:11,430
U l-għajnuna u l-kwistjoni mark huma
biss shorthand għall-istess ħaġa

358
00:21:11,430 --> 00:21:13,040
allura jkunu psewdonimi.

359
00:21:13,040 --> 00:21:16,820
>> lm hija funzjoni li
biss ma 'mudell lineari.

360
00:21:16,820 --> 00:21:20,340
Imma jekk inti biss għandek l-ebda idea kif li
xogħlijiet, inti tista 'biss tagħmel għajnuna ta' lm

361
00:21:20,340 --> 00:21:24,610
u li ser jagħtuk xi
tip ta 'dokumentazzjoni li

362
00:21:24,610 --> 00:21:27,960
jistenna tip simili ta '
Paġna bniedem fil Unix, fejn

363
00:21:27,960 --> 00:21:34,210
inti għandek deskrizzjoni qasira ta 'dak li
dan huwa minnu, ukoll liema argumenti tagħha huma,

364
00:21:34,210 --> 00:21:38,850
dak li jirritorna, u biss pariri dwar kif
jużawh, u xi eżempji ukoll.

365
00:21:38,850 --> 00:21:41,680

366
00:21:41,680 --> 00:21:52,890
>> So let me go quddiem u juru
xi wħud demo ta 'użu R. OK.

367
00:21:52,890 --> 00:21:55,470
So I marru fuq ħafna
malajr biss id-dejta

368
00:21:55,470 --> 00:21:59,440
istrutturi u xi tip ta 'l-
op-- xi wħud mill-operazzjonijiet.

369
00:21:59,440 --> 00:22:02,960
Hawnhekk huwa xi funzjonijiet.

370
00:22:02,960 --> 00:22:06,750
>> So here jien biss se
biex jiddefinixxu funzjoni.

371
00:22:06,750 --> 00:22:09,970
Allura Jien ukoll jużaw
operatur assenjazzjoni hawn,

372
00:22:09,970 --> 00:22:12,610
u mbagħad jien qal
tiddikjaraha bħala funzjoni.

373
00:22:12,610 --> 00:22:14,140
U li tieħu l-valur x.

374
00:22:14,140 --> 00:22:18,210
Allura dan huwa l-ebda valur li trid
u jien ser jirritorna x innifsu.

375
00:22:18,210 --> 00:22:20,840
Allura dan huwa l-funzjoni identità.

376
00:22:20,840 --> 00:22:23,670
>> U x'hemm jibred dwar dan
meta mqabbla ma 'lingwi oħra

377
00:22:23,670 --> 00:22:26,330
u ieħor ta 'livell baxx
lingwi hija li x

378
00:22:26,330 --> 00:22:29,350
jista 'jkun ta' kwalunkwe tip innifsu
u dan ser jirritorna dak it-tip.

379
00:22:29,350 --> 00:22:35,251
Allura inti tista 'imagine-- so let
me biss run dan malajr.

380
00:22:35,251 --> 00:22:35,750
Jiddispjacini.

381
00:22:35,750 --> 00:22:40,300
>> Allura ħaġa waħda I għandu jsemmi wkoll
hija li din editur jien jużaw

382
00:22:40,300 --> 00:22:41,380
huwa msejjaħ rstudio.

383
00:22:41,380 --> 00:22:44,389
Dan huwa dak li sejjaħ IDE.

384
00:22:44,389 --> 00:22:46,180
U ħaġa waħda li l-
tassew sbieħ dwar dan

385
00:22:46,180 --> 00:22:51,500
huwa li tinkorpora ħafna ta 'l-
affarijiet li inti tixtieq li tagħmel fl-R minnu stess

386
00:22:51,500 --> 00:22:53,180
biss ħafna intuwittivament.

387
00:22:53,180 --> 00:22:55,550
>> Allura hawnhekk huwa interpretu console.

388
00:22:55,550 --> 00:23:02,160
Allura bl-istess mod, inti tista 'wkoll tikseb dan
console prima biss billi tagħmel R. kapital

389
00:23:02,160 --> 00:23:05,630
U dan huwa eżattament il-
istess ħaġa bħall-console.

390
00:23:05,630 --> 00:23:12,210
So I tista 'biss tagħmel id-funzjoni x, x, x.

391
00:23:12,210 --> 00:23:16,130
U then-- u mbagħad li
se tkun multa innifsu.

392
00:23:16,130 --> 00:23:19,200

393
00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:21,740
>> Allura rstudio hija kbira
minħabba li għandha l-console.

394
00:23:21,740 --> 00:23:25,360
Hija għandha wkoll id-dokumenti
inti tixtieq li jimxu fuq.

395
00:23:25,360 --> 00:23:28,629
U allura għandha xi varjabbli
li tista 'tara fl-ambjenti.

396
00:23:28,629 --> 00:23:30,420
U mbagħad, jekk għandek
biex tagħmel plots, allura inti

397
00:23:30,420 --> 00:23:33,730
tista 'biss tara dan hawn, għall-kuntrarju
ġestjoni kollha dawn it-twieqi differenti

398
00:23:33,730 --> 00:23:35,940
minnhom infushom.

399
00:23:35,940 --> 00:23:40,530
>> I attwalment personalment jużaw Vim, imma jien
jħossu bħal rstudio hija eċċellenti biss

400
00:23:40,530 --> 00:23:44,640
għal jkollna idea tajba
ta 'kif tuża R. Normalment,

401
00:23:44,640 --> 00:23:47,040
meta inti qed tipprova
jitgħallmu xi kompitu ġdid,

402
00:23:47,040 --> 00:23:49,590
inti ma tridx li jimmaniġġaw
ħafna affarijiet f'daqqa.

403
00:23:49,590 --> 00:23:53,120
Allura R huwa biss rstudio very--
huwa mod tajjeb ħafna ta 'tagħlim R

404
00:23:53,120 --> 00:23:56,760
mingħajr ma jkollu x'jaqsam ma '
dawn kollha affarijiet oħra.

405
00:23:56,760 --> 00:23:58,600
>> So here I niġri id bonjour.

406
00:23:58,600 --> 00:24:00,090
Dan prospetti bonjour.

407
00:24:00,090 --> 00:24:01,740
id 123.

408
00:24:01,740 --> 00:24:04,610
Hawnhekk huwa vettur tan-numri interi.

409
00:24:04,610 --> 00:24:08,620
Allura bl-istess mod, għaliex inti tista '
tieħu kwalunkwe xi tip ta 'valur,

410
00:24:08,620 --> 00:24:16,060
inti tista 'tagħmel jirritornaw id ta
x hekk dan jirritorna 1234 u l-5.

411
00:24:16,060 --> 00:24:22,210
>> U let me biss jurik li
dan huwa tabilħaqq integer.

412
00:24:22,210 --> 00:24:28,800
U l-istess, jekk inti tagħmel klassi
id x, li għaddej biex tkun numru sħiħ.

413
00:24:28,800 --> 00:24:34,170
U allura, inti tista 'wkoll
jqabblu it-tnejn u huwa VERU.

414
00:24:34,170 --> 00:24:38,350
Allura jien iċċekkjar jekk l-id ta x
ugwali huwa ugwali x u avviż

415
00:24:38,350 --> 00:24:39,760
li tagħtik żewġ TRUEs.

416
00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:44,280
Allura dan huwa ma tgħid huma
l-oġġetti tnejn identiċi,

417
00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:46,845
iżda huma kull wieħed mill-entrati
fi ħdan il-vettori identiċi.

418
00:24:46,845 --> 00:24:50,000

419
00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:52,090
>> Hawnhekk huwa bounded.compare.

420
00:24:52,090 --> 00:24:58,470
Allura dan huwa kemmxejn aktar ikkumplikati
fis-sens li għandha jekk il-kundizzjoni u ieħor

421
00:24:58,470 --> 00:25:00,960
u mbagħad li tieħu żewġ
argumenti fi żmien.

422
00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:02,640
Allura x huwa ta 'kwalunkwe tip.

423
00:25:02,640 --> 00:25:06,280
U jien qal dan
tieni argument huwa.

424
00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:08,380
Dan jista 'jkun xi ħaġa ukoll.

425
00:25:08,380 --> 00:25:12,490
Iżda fil-kontumaċja, li għaddej biex tieħu
5 jekk inti ma jispeċifikawx xejn.

426
00:25:12,490 --> 00:25:16,730
>> So here jien ser ngħid
jekk x huwa akbar minn a.

427
00:25:16,730 --> 00:25:19,220
Mela jekk jien ma jispeċifikawx, huwa
jgħid jekk x huwa ikbar minn 5,

428
00:25:19,220 --> 00:25:20,470
allura jien ser jirritorna VERU.

429
00:25:20,470 --> 00:25:23,230
inkella, jien ser jirritorna FALZ.

430
00:25:23,230 --> 00:25:24,870
So let me go quddiem u jiddefinixxu dan.

431
00:25:24,870 --> 00:25:30,600

432
00:25:30,600 --> 00:25:34,550
>> U issa jien se
run bounded.compare 3.

433
00:25:34,550 --> 00:25:39,150
Għalhekk huwa jgħid huwa 3 anqas
than-- hija ta '3 ikbar minn 5.

434
00:25:39,150 --> 00:25:41,830
Le, mhuwiex daqshekk FALZ.

435
00:25:41,830 --> 00:25:46,550
>> U bounded.compare 3 u jien ser
li din titqabbel ma tuża ugwali 2.

436
00:25:46,550 --> 00:25:50,700
Allura issa li jien tgħid iva, issa I
jridu li tkun xi ħaġa oħra.

437
00:25:50,700 --> 00:25:52,750
Allura jien ser jgħidu, inti għandek tkun 2.

438
00:25:52,750 --> 00:25:56,640
>> I tista 'jew tagħmel dan it-tip ta'
notazzjoni jew I say ugwali 2.

439
00:25:56,640 --> 00:25:58,720
Din hija aktar leġġibbli
f'dak meta int

440
00:25:58,720 --> 00:26:01,450
tħares lejn dawn verament
funzjonijiet ikkumplikati li

441
00:26:01,450 --> 00:26:08,110
jieħu arguments-- multipli u dan
tista 'tkun għexieren oftentimes-- biss qal

442
00:26:08,110 --> 00:26:11,140
a jegwalja 2 huwa aktar tinqara għal
inti hekk li aktar tard fil-futur

443
00:26:11,140 --> 00:26:13,020
inti se tkun taf dak li qed isir.

444
00:26:13,020 --> 00:26:17,120
>> Allura f'dan il-każ, jien
qal huwa 3 ikbar minn 2.

445
00:26:17,120 --> 00:26:18,270
Iva huwa.

446
00:26:18,270 --> 00:26:22,350
U l-istess, I tista 'biss tneħħi
dan u jgħidu, huwa ta '3 ikbar minn 2

447
00:26:22,350 --> 00:26:23,440
fejn ugwali 2.

448
00:26:23,440 --> 00:26:26,230
U li wkoll VERU.

449
00:26:26,230 --> 00:26:26,730
Iva?

450
00:26:26,730 --> 00:26:29,670
>> UDJENZA: Inti
eżekuzzjoni linja b'linja?

451
00:26:29,670 --> 00:26:30,670
>> DUSTIN TRAN: Yes I am.

452
00:26:30,670 --> 00:26:33,900
Allura dak li qed nagħmel hawnhekk huwa
tieħu dan it-test document--

453
00:26:33,900 --> 00:26:39,825
u x'hemm kbir dwar rstudio hija li
I tista 'biss run short-- a buttuna shortcut.

454
00:26:39,825 --> 00:26:41,820
Allura jien tagħmel Control-Ikteb.

455
00:26:41,820 --> 00:26:44,850
>> U mbagħad, jien tieħu l-
linja fid-dokument test

456
00:26:44,850 --> 00:26:46,710
u mbagħad tqegħid fil-console.

457
00:26:46,710 --> 00:26:50,800
So here I am qal, bounded.compare
u jien tagħmel Kontroll-X.

458
00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:52,540
So I tista 'biss do run hawnhekk ukoll.

459
00:26:52,540 --> 00:26:54,920
U allura li ser tieħu l-
line u mbagħad titqiegħed hawn.

460
00:26:54,920 --> 00:26:57,900
U mbagħad bl-istess mod, I tista 'tagħmel run hawn.

461
00:26:57,900 --> 00:27:04,630
U allura biss se żżomm tiddefinixxi
il-linji fl-console bħal dik.

462
00:27:04,630 --> 00:27:10,690
>> U jekk inti wkoll avviż-kaboċċi
braces hemm eżatt bħal fil-sintassi C.

463
00:27:10,690 --> 00:27:13,910
x-- jekk il-kundizzjoni jekk huwa wkoll
ser tuża parentesi u mbagħad

464
00:27:13,910 --> 00:27:15,350
inti tista 'tuża ieħor.

465
00:27:15,350 --> 00:27:17,496
Ieħor huwa inkella jekk.

466
00:27:17,496 --> 00:27:21,440
Allura dan se jkun x
ugwali huwa ugwali għal, per eżempju.

467
00:27:21,440 --> 00:27:24,190

468
00:27:24,190 --> 00:27:26,350
U mbagħad jien ser
ritorn xi ħaġa hawn.

469
00:27:26,350 --> 00:27:29,490
>> Avviż li hemm żewġ differenti
affarijiet hawn li għaddej.

470
00:27:29,490 --> 00:27:34,360
Waħda hija li hawnhekk jien tispeċifika
jirritorna l-valur VERU.

471
00:27:34,360 --> 00:27:35,950
Hawnhekk jien biss qal x.

472
00:27:35,950 --> 00:27:39,970
Allura R se normalment fil-kontumaċja
jieħdu l-aħħar arguments--

473
00:27:39,970 --> 00:27:43,510
jew jieħdu l-aħħar linja tal-kodiċi,
u li se jkun dak huwa rritornat.

474
00:27:43,510 --> 00:27:46,920
Allura hawnhekk dan huwa l-istess
ħaġa bħala tagħmel ritorn x.

475
00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:49,450

476
00:27:49,450 --> 00:27:50,540
>> U biss biex turi li inti.

477
00:27:50,540 --> 00:27:54,000

478
00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:57,052
U allura, din se taħdem biss bħal dik.

479
00:27:57,052 --> 00:27:58,260
So let me tkompli ma 'dan.

480
00:27:58,260 --> 00:28:00,630
>> Allura inkella jekk.

481
00:28:00,630 --> 00:28:04,060
U tassew, I tista 'ritorn
xejn nixtieq.

482
00:28:04,060 --> 00:28:06,680
So I ma jkollhomx biex
ritorn Booleans-ħin kollu,

483
00:28:06,680 --> 00:28:08,410
I tista 'biss jirritorna xi ħaġa oħra.

484
00:28:08,410 --> 00:28:10,670
So I tista 'tagħmel ritorn ors.

485
00:28:10,670 --> 00:28:12,989
>> Mela jekk x ugwali huwa ugwali għal,
li għaddej biex jirritornaw ors.

486
00:28:12,989 --> 00:28:14,530
Inkella, huwa għaddej biex jirritornaw VERU.

487
00:28:14,530 --> 00:28:19,310
I tista 'wkoll tagħmel vector
jew verament xi ħaġa.

488
00:28:19,310 --> 00:28:22,210
>> U normalment fil statikament
lingwi ittajpjat,

489
00:28:22,210 --> 00:28:23,840
youd għandek tispeċifika tip here.

490
00:28:23,840 --> 00:28:25,750
U avviż li jista 'jkun biss xejn.

491
00:28:25,750 --> 00:28:32,400
U R huwa intelliġenti biżżejjed li
se biss tagħmel dan u se taħdem multa.

492
00:28:32,400 --> 00:28:33,620
>> So let me jiddefinixxu dan.

493
00:28:33,620 --> 00:28:39,460

494
00:28:39,460 --> 00:28:41,230
Unexpected-- oh sorry.

495
00:28:41,230 --> 00:28:44,336
Għandu jkun Brace kaboċċi hawn.

496
00:28:44,336 --> 00:28:44,836
OK.

497
00:28:44,836 --> 00:28:45,336
Kessaħ.

498
00:28:45,336 --> 00:28:52,580

499
00:28:52,580 --> 00:28:54,530
Kull dritt.

500
00:28:54,530 --> 00:28:58,250
Allura issa ejja jqabblu 3 u ugwali 3.

501
00:28:58,250 --> 00:29:01,860
Għalhekk għandu return--
yeah---ors valur.

502
00:29:01,860 --> 00:29:06,740
>> Allura issa ħaġa aktar ġenerali huwa simili
dak dwar strutturi oħra ta 'data.

503
00:29:06,740 --> 00:29:09,110
Allura inti għandek din il-funzjoni.

504
00:29:09,110 --> 00:29:15,360
Dan ikun sejjer jaħdem fuq kwalunkwe tip
ta 'valur bħal 3 jew xi numerika,

505
00:29:15,360 --> 00:29:17,500
fi kliem ieħor, double.

506
00:29:17,500 --> 00:29:19,330
>> Imma xi ngħidu dwar xi ħaġa bħal vector.

507
00:29:19,330 --> 00:29:27,750
Allura x'jiġri jekk int do-- hekk jien
ser tassenja val għal, ngħidu aħna, 4 sa 6.

508
00:29:27,750 --> 00:29:31,640
Mela jekk jien rritorna din, din
huwa veikolu minn 4, 5, 6.

509
00:29:31,640 --> 00:29:34,935
>> Issa ejja ara dak li jiġri
jekk I do bounded.compare val.

510
00:29:34,935 --> 00:29:37,680

511
00:29:37,680 --> 00:29:42,450
Allura dan huwa ser jagħtuk 15 1251.

512
00:29:42,450 --> 00:29:46,440
Allura fi kliem ieħor, huwa qal
jekk inti tħares lejn din il-kundizzjoni

513
00:29:46,440 --> 00:29:50,040
għalhekk huwa jgħid x huwa inqas
minn jew xi ħaġa.

514
00:29:50,040 --> 00:29:51,880
Allura dan huwa kemmxejn
konfuża għaliex issa

515
00:29:51,880 --> 00:29:53,379
inti biss ma nafx x'inhu għaddej.

516
00:29:53,379 --> 00:29:58,690
So I raden ħaġa waħda li tassew
tajba dwar biss tipprova li debug

517
00:29:58,690 --> 00:30:04,600
hija li inti tista 'biss tagħmel val huwa akbar
minn u tara x'jiġri hemmhekk.

518
00:30:04,600 --> 00:30:09,720
>> Allura val-- a huwa billi default 5 hekk
ejja biss don Val akbar minn 5.

519
00:30:09,720 --> 00:30:14,280
Allura dan huwa veikolu FALZ FALZ VERU.

520
00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:17,206
Allura issa meta inti qed tfittex fi
dan, li għaddej biex jgħidu jekk,

521
00:30:17,206 --> 00:30:20,080
u allura huwa għaddej biex jagħtuk dan
huwa vettur ta FALZ FALZ VERU.

522
00:30:20,080 --> 00:30:23,450
>> Allura meta inti tgħaddi dan in R, R
m'għandha l-ebda idea dak li qed isir.

523
00:30:23,450 --> 00:30:26,650
Minħabba li jistenna wieħed
valur, li huwa Boolean, u issa

524
00:30:26,650 --> 00:30:29,420
int jtuha vector ta Booleans.

525
00:30:29,420 --> 00:30:31,970
Allura billi default, R hija biss
se ngħid dak l-Heck,

526
00:30:31,970 --> 00:30:35,440
Jien ser tassumi li int
ser tieħu l-ewwel element hawnhekk.

527
00:30:35,440 --> 00:30:38,320
Allura jien ser say-- jien ser
li wieħed jassumi li dan huwa FALZ.

528
00:30:38,320 --> 00:30:40,890
Allura huwa għaddej biex ngħid
l-ebda, dan mhuwiex dritt.

529
00:30:40,890 --> 00:30:45,246
>> Bl-istess mod, li għaddej biex
jkun val ugwali ugwali a.

530
00:30:45,246 --> 00:30:47,244
Le, sorry 5.

531
00:30:47,244 --> 00:30:48,910
U huwa wkoll se tkun falza ukoll.

532
00:30:48,910 --> 00:30:52,410
Allura huwa għaddej biex tgħid le,
mhuwiex VERU kif ukoll hekk huwa

533
00:30:52,410 --> 00:30:53,680
ser jirritorna dan l-aħħar wieħed.

534
00:30:53,680 --> 00:30:56,420

535
00:30:56,420 --> 00:31:01,360
>> Allura dan huwa jew ħaġa tajba jew ħżiena
Ħaġa, jiddependi fuq kif inti tarah.

536
00:31:01,360 --> 00:31:05,104
Għaliex meta int
ħolqien ta 'dawn il-funzjonijiet,

537
00:31:05,104 --> 00:31:06,770
inti ma attwalment jafu x'inhu għaddej.

538
00:31:06,770 --> 00:31:10,210
Allura xi kultant youd tixtieq żball,
jew forsi inti biss tixtieq twissija.

539
00:31:10,210 --> 00:31:12,160
F'dan il-każ, R ma tagħmel dan.

540
00:31:12,160 --> 00:31:14,300
Allura huwa verament sa
inti bbażata off ta 'dak

541
00:31:14,300 --> 00:31:17,310
taħseb li l-lingwa
għandha tagħmel f'dan il-każ

542
00:31:17,310 --> 00:31:22,920
jekk inti tgħaddi f'vettur ta Booleans
meta int tagħmel xi jekk il-kundizzjoni.

543
00:31:22,920 --> 00:31:31,733
>> Mela ejja ngħidu li kellek l-oriġinali
wieħed ma jekk inkella ritorn VERU u int

544
00:31:31,733 --> 00:31:34,190
ser jirritornaw FALZ.

545
00:31:34,190 --> 00:31:39,300
Allura mod wieħed abstracting
dan huwa li jgħidu I

546
00:31:39,300 --> 00:31:41,530
lanqas biss bżonn dan ħaġa kondizzjonali.

547
00:31:41,530 --> 00:31:47,220
Ħaġa oħra I tista 'tagħmel huwa biss
jirritorna l-valuri nfushom.

548
00:31:47,220 --> 00:31:53,240
Allura jekk tinnota, jekk inti
do val huwa ikbar minn 5,

549
00:31:53,240 --> 00:31:56,350
dan se jirritornaw
vector FALZ FALZ VERU.

550
00:31:56,350 --> 00:31:58,850
>> Forsi dan huwa dak li inti
trid għall bounded.compare.

551
00:31:58,850 --> 00:32:02,940
Inti tixtieq li jirritornaw vettur tal-Booleans
fejn tqabbel kull wieħed mill-valuri

552
00:32:02,940 --> 00:32:04,190
li lilhom infushom.

553
00:32:04,190 --> 00:32:11,165
Allura inti tista 'biss don bounded.compare
funzjoni x, a ugwali 5.

554
00:32:11,165 --> 00:32:13,322

555
00:32:13,322 --> 00:32:15,363
U allura minflok tagħmel
dan jekk il-kundizzjoni inkella,

556
00:32:15,363 --> 00:32:21,430
Jien biss ser jirritorna
x hija akbar minn 5.

557
00:32:21,430 --> 00:32:23,620
Mela jekk huwa veru, allura
li għaddej biex jirritornaw VERU.

558
00:32:23,620 --> 00:32:26,830
U allura jekk mhuwiex, huwa
ser jirritornaw FALZ.

559
00:32:26,830 --> 00:32:30,880
>> U dan se taħdem għall-
kwalunkwe minn dawn l-istrutturi.

560
00:32:30,880 --> 00:32:41,450
So I tista bounded.compare c 1 6 jew 9
u mbagħad jien ser ngħid ugwali 6,

561
00:32:41,450 --> 00:32:42,799
per eżempju.

562
00:32:42,799 --> 00:32:44,840
U allura li għaddej biex
jtik l-Boolean dritt

563
00:32:44,840 --> 00:32:48,240
vector li int tfassil.

564
00:32:48,240 --> 00:32:50,660
>> Allura dawn huma biss funzjonijiet
u issa let me biss

565
00:32:50,660 --> 00:32:54,980
nuruk xi visuals interattivi.

566
00:32:54,980 --> 00:32:59,700
I do not think I attwalment ikollhom
Wi-Fi hawn so let me biss jimxi 'l quddiem

567
00:32:59,700 --> 00:33:01,970
u skip dan wieħed I raden.

568
00:33:01,970 --> 00:33:05,260
>> Iżda ħaġa waħda li jibred
għalkemm hija li jekk inti biss

569
00:33:05,260 --> 00:33:09,600
tixtieq li jittestjaw mazz ta
kmandi differenti ta 'data,

570
00:33:09,600 --> 00:33:13,320
hemm mazz ta 'datasets differenti
li huma diġà mqabbad fis R.

571
00:33:13,320 --> 00:33:15,770
Allura wieħed minnhom huwa
imsejjaħ il-iris dataset.

572
00:33:15,770 --> 00:33:18,910
Din hija waħda mill-aktar magħrufa
dawk fit-tagħlim magna.

573
00:33:18,910 --> 00:33:23,350
Int ser ikollok normalment ftit tagħmel xi tip ta '
każijiet ta 'eżaminazzjoni biex tara jekk il-kodiċi tiegħek runs.

574
00:33:23,350 --> 00:33:27,520
Mela ejja biss jiċċekkjaw liema iris hu.

575
00:33:27,520 --> 00:33:33,130
>> Allura dan ħaġa sejjer
li kien qafas data.

576
00:33:33,130 --> 00:33:36,000
U huwa tip ta 'twil minħabba
I biss stampata iris.

577
00:33:36,000 --> 00:33:38,810
Huwa stampar il-ħaġa sħiħa.

578
00:33:38,810 --> 00:33:42,830
Għalhekk għandha dawn l-ismijiet differenti.

579
00:33:42,830 --> 00:33:45,505
Allura iris hija ġabra
fjuri tal differenti.

580
00:33:45,505 --> 00:33:48,830
F'dan il-każ, Huwa javżak
inti l-ispeċi ta 'dan,

581
00:33:48,830 --> 00:33:54,760
kollha dawn wisgħat differenti u
tulijiet ta 'l-SEPAL u l Petali.

582
00:33:54,760 --> 00:33:58,880
>> U għalhekk normalment, jekk
inti tixtieq li jistampaw iris,

583
00:33:58,880 --> 00:34:03,680
per eżempju, inti ma tridx li jkollhom dan
tagħmel dan kollu għaliex li jistgħu tieħu f'idejha

584
00:34:03,680 --> 00:34:05,190
kollu console tiegħek.

585
00:34:05,190 --> 00:34:09,280
Allura ħaġa waħda li tassew
sbieħ hija l-funzjoni ras.

586
00:34:09,280 --> 00:34:12,929
Mela jekk inti biss tagħmel ras
iris, dan se jagħtik

587
00:34:12,929 --> 00:34:17,389
l-ewwel ħames ringieli, jew sitta I raden.

588
00:34:17,389 --> 00:34:19,909
U allura tajjeb, inti
tista 'sempliċement jispeċifika hawnhekk.

589
00:34:19,909 --> 00:34:22,914
Allura 20-- dan se jagħtik
inti l-ewwel 20 ringieli.

590
00:34:22,914 --> 00:34:24,830
U jien attwalment kien tip
ta sorpriż li din

591
00:34:24,830 --> 00:34:28,770
taw me sitt so let me imorru quddiem
u jiċċekkjaw iris-- jew il-kap, sorry.

592
00:34:28,770 --> 00:34:31,699

593
00:34:31,699 --> 00:34:34,960
U hawn huwa se jagħti
inti dokumentazzjoni

594
00:34:34,960 --> 00:34:37,960
ta 'dak ir-ras valur ma.

595
00:34:37,960 --> 00:34:40,839
Allura dan jirritorna l-ewwel
jew l-aħħar ta 'oġġett.

596
00:34:40,839 --> 00:34:42,630
U mbagħad jien ser
tħares lejn l-nuqqasijiet.

597
00:34:42,630 --> 00:34:47,340
U allura jgħid l-inadempjenza
Metodu ras x u n ugwali 6L.

598
00:34:47,340 --> 00:34:50,620
Allura dan jirritorna l-ewwel sitt elementi.

599
00:34:50,620 --> 00:34:55,050
U l-istess jekk tinnota hawn, I
ma kellhomx tispeċifika n ugwali 6.

600
00:34:55,050 --> 00:34:56,840
Permezz ta 'default li juża sitta, I raden.

601
00:34:56,840 --> 00:35:00,130
U mbagħad, jekk irrid li tispeċifika ċerti
valur, imbagħad I tista 'tara dan ukoll.

602
00:35:00,130 --> 00:35:02,970

603
00:35:02,970 --> 00:35:10,592
>> Allura dan huwa xi kmandi sempliċi u
hawnhekk ieħor li l just-- tajjeb,

604
00:35:10,592 --> 00:35:12,550
I can-- dan huwa attwalment
ftit aktar kumpless,

605
00:35:12,550 --> 00:35:17,130
iżda dan se ħu l-klassi
ta 'kull kolonna tat-iris dataset.

606
00:35:17,130 --> 00:35:20,910
Allura dan se nuruk dak li kull wieħed minn dawn
kolonni huma fit-termini ta 'tipi tagħhom.

607
00:35:20,910 --> 00:35:23,665
Allura tul SEPAL huwa numerika,
wisa SEPAL huwa numerika.

608
00:35:23,665 --> 00:35:26,540
Kollha dawn il-valuri huma biss numerika
għaliex inti tista 'tgħid mill din id-data

609
00:35:26,540 --> 00:35:29,440
istruttura dawn huma
lkoll se numerika.

610
00:35:29,440 --> 00:35:34,310
>> U l-kolonna Speċi
se tkun fattur.

611
00:35:34,310 --> 00:35:37,270
Allura normalment, inti taħseb li
dan huwa simili sekwenza ta 'karattri.

612
00:35:37,270 --> 00:35:48,830
Imma jekk inti biss tagħmel irisSpecies,
u mbagħad jien ser tagħmel ras 5,

613
00:35:48,830 --> 00:35:51,820
u dan se jistampaw
l-ewwel ħames valuri.

614
00:35:51,820 --> 00:35:54,150
>> U mbagħad avviż dan livelli.

615
00:35:54,150 --> 00:35:58,870
Allura dan huwa saying-- dan huwa mod R
ta 'wara varjabbli kategorika.

616
00:35:58,870 --> 00:36:03,765
Allura minflok sempliċiment
jkollhom sekwenzi ta 'karattri,

617
00:36:03,765 --> 00:36:06,740
hija għandha livelli tispeċifika
liema minn dawn l-affarijiet huma.

618
00:36:06,740 --> 00:36:12,450
>> Mela ejja ngħidu irisSpecies 1.

619
00:36:12,450 --> 00:36:17,690
Allura dak li inti trid tagħmel hawnhekk huwa jien
subsettjar għal din il-kolonna Speċi.

620
00:36:17,690 --> 00:36:21,480
Allura dan jieħu l-
Kolonna Speċi u mbagħad

621
00:36:21,480 --> 00:36:23,820
IT indiċi biex jiksbu l-ewwel element.

622
00:36:23,820 --> 00:36:27,140
Allura dan għandu jagħtik setosa.

623
00:36:27,140 --> 00:36:28,710
U wkoll tagħtik livelli hawn.

624
00:36:28,710 --> 00:36:32,812
>> Allura inti tista 'wkoll iqabbel
dan il-karattru setosa

625
00:36:32,812 --> 00:36:34,645
u dan mhux se
li jkun VERU għaliex wieħed

626
00:36:34,645 --> 00:36:37,940
huwa ta 'tip differenti mill-oħra.

627
00:36:37,940 --> 00:36:40,590
Jew I raden huwa minnu għaliex R
huwa aktar intelliġenti minn dak.

628
00:36:40,590 --> 00:36:45,420
U tħares lejn dan u mbagħad
jgħid, forsi dan huwa dak li trid.

629
00:36:45,420 --> 00:36:51,860
Allura huwa għaddej biex ngħid il-karattru
setosa string huwa l-istess bħal dan wieħed.

630
00:36:51,860 --> 00:37:01,290
U mbagħad bl-istess mod, inti tista '
wkoll biss grab dawn bħal bqija.

631
00:37:01,290 --> 00:37:05,580
>> Allura li huwa biss xi tip ta '
kmandi malajr ta 'l-dataset.

632
00:37:05,580 --> 00:37:08,030
Allura hawnhekk xi esplorazzjoni data.

633
00:37:08,030 --> 00:37:11,360
Allura dan huwa xi ftit aktar
involut ma 'l-analiżi tad-data.

634
00:37:11,360 --> 00:37:18,340
U dan huwa meħud minn xi
bootcamp fl-R fl Berkeley.

635
00:37:18,340 --> 00:37:20,790
>> Allura librerija barrani.

636
00:37:20,790 --> 00:37:24,880
Allura jien ser tagħbija ta '
librerija li sejjaħ barrani.

637
00:37:24,880 --> 00:37:32,460
Allura dan huwa ser jagħti me read.dta
hekk jassumi li għandi din CCD.

638
00:37:32,460 --> 00:37:39,000
Dan hija maħżuna fil-kurrent
direttorju ta 'tiegħi console tax-xogħol.

639
00:37:39,000 --> 00:37:42,190
Mela ejja biss tara dak
l-direttorju tax-xogħol hija.

640
00:37:42,190 --> 00:37:44,620
>> Allura hawnhekk direttorju tax-xogħol tiegħi.

641
00:37:44,620 --> 00:37:50,040
U jaqraw data dot, dan
ħaġa, huwa qal dan il-fajl

642
00:37:50,040 --> 00:37:54,650
tinsab fil-folder data ta
dan id-direttorju attwali tax-xogħol.

643
00:37:54,650 --> 00:38:00,520
U read.dta dan mhux
kmand default.

644
00:38:00,520 --> 00:38:02,760
I raden I mgħobbija fil diġa.

645
00:38:02,760 --> 00:38:04,750
IEI jassumi I mgħobbija dan fil diġa.

646
00:38:04,750 --> 00:38:08,115
>> Imma hekk read.dta mhux se
li jkun kmand default.

647
00:38:08,115 --> 00:38:11,550
U hu għalhekk li int ser ikollhom
tagħbija fil din il-librerija package--

648
00:38:11,550 --> 00:38:14,500
dan il-pakkett imsejjaħ barranin.

649
00:38:14,500 --> 00:38:16,690
U jekk inti ma għandekx
il-pakkett, naħseb

650
00:38:16,690 --> 00:38:19,180
barrani huwa wieħed ta 'dawk ingastat.

651
00:38:19,180 --> 00:38:31,150
Inkella, inti tista 'wkoll
do install.packages

652
00:38:31,150 --> 00:38:33,180
u dan ser tinstalla l-pakkett.

653
00:38:33,180 --> 00:38:36,878
U dan se jagħtik R. Uh, no.

654
00:38:36,878 --> 00:38:39,830

655
00:38:39,830 --> 00:38:43,140
U mbagħad jien biss ser tieqaf
dan minħabba I diġà għandhom dan.

656
00:38:43,140 --> 00:38:46,920
>> Imma x'hemm verament sbieħ dwar R
huwa li l-pakkett ta 'ġestjoni

657
00:38:46,920 --> 00:38:48,510
sistema hija ħafna eleganti.

658
00:38:48,510 --> 00:38:52,470
Minħabba li se taħżen kollox
verament nicely għalik.

659
00:38:52,470 --> 00:38:59,780
Allura f'dan il-każ, li għaddej biex jaħżen
fil, nemmen, din il-librerija hawn.

660
00:38:59,780 --> 00:39:02,390
>> Allura ghaċ tixtieq
jinstallaw pakketti l-ġodda,

661
00:39:02,390 --> 00:39:04,980
huwa biss sempliċi kemm
tagħmel install.packages

662
00:39:04,980 --> 00:39:07,500
u R se jimmaniġġjaw kollha
l-pakketti għalik.

663
00:39:07,500 --> 00:39:12,900
Allura inti ma għandekx tagħmel xi ħaġa fil
Python, fejn inti għandek pakkett estern

664
00:39:12,900 --> 00:39:15,330
maniġers bħal karta
Anaconda fejn int

665
00:39:15,330 --> 00:39:18,310
doing-- inti jinstallaw l-
pakketti ta 'barra tal Python

666
00:39:18,310 --> 00:39:20,940
u allura inti tipprova tmexxi lilhom yourself.

667
00:39:20,940 --> 00:39:22,210
Allura dan huwa verament mod sabiħ.

668
00:39:22,210 --> 00:39:25,590
>> U install.packages teħtieġ internet.

669
00:39:25,590 --> 00:39:31,950
Huwa jieħu minn server
u l-repożitorju li

670
00:39:31,950 --> 00:39:33,960
jiġbor l-
pakketti tissejjaħ cran.

671
00:39:33,960 --> 00:39:40,690
U inti tista 'tispeċifika liema tip ta' mera
inti tixtieq li tniżżel il-pakketti minn.

672
00:39:40,690 --> 00:39:43,420
>> So here I am tieħu din CCD.

673
00:39:43,420 --> 00:39:46,240
Jien qari fl-użu din il-funzjoni.

674
00:39:46,240 --> 00:39:49,360
So let me imorru quddiem u tagħmel dan.

675
00:39:49,360 --> 00:39:52,900
>> Mela ejja nassumu li
għandek din CCD

676
00:39:52,900 --> 00:39:55,550
u inti għandek assolutament
ebda idea dak li hu.

677
00:39:55,550 --> 00:39:58,560
U dan fil-fatt taqa up
pjuttost ta 'spiss fl-industrija

678
00:39:58,560 --> 00:40:00,910
fejn inti biss jkollhom dawn
tunnellata u tunnellata ta 'affarijiet messy

679
00:40:00,910 --> 00:40:02,890
u dawn qed oerhört unlabeled.

680
00:40:02,890 --> 00:40:06,380
So here I jkollhom din
dataset u jien ma nafx

681
00:40:06,380 --> 00:40:08,400
dak li huwa hekk jien biss
turi biex jiċċekkjaw it out.

682
00:40:08,400 --> 00:40:10,620
>> Allura jien ser tagħmel l-ewwel kap.

683
00:40:10,620 --> 00:40:14,190
So I jivverifika l-ewwel sitt
kolonni ta 'dak li dan CCD hu.

684
00:40:14,190 --> 00:40:21,730
Allura dan huwa l-istat, pres04, u mbagħad
kollha dawn it-tip differenti ta 'kolonni.

685
00:40:21,730 --> 00:40:25,612
U x'hemm interessanti
hawn, I raden, huwa li inti

686
00:40:25,612 --> 00:40:27,945
jassumi li dan jistenna
bħal xi tip ta 'elezzjoni.

687
00:40:27,945 --> 00:40:30,482

688
00:40:30,482 --> 00:40:32,190
UI raden biss minn
tħares lejn il-fajl

689
00:40:32,190 --> 00:40:41,070
isem dan huwa xi tip ta 'ġbir
ta 'data dwar il-kandidati jew votanti

690
00:40:41,070 --> 00:40:44,920
li vvutaw għall-presidenti speċifiċi
jew kandidati president

691
00:40:44,920 --> 00:40:46,550
għall-elezzjoni 2004.

692
00:40:46,550 --> 00:40:52,920
>> Allura hawnhekk huwa l-valuri 1, 2
hekk mod wieħed ta 'ħażna ta

693
00:40:52,920 --> 00:40:56,540
il-kandidati president
huma ismijiet tagħhom.

694
00:40:56,540 --> 00:40:59,780
F'dan il-każ, jidher qisu
dawn qed biss valuri numru sħiħ.

695
00:40:59,780 --> 00:41:04,030
Allura l-2004, kien Bush
versus Kerry nemmen.

696
00:41:04,030 --> 00:41:09,010
U issa, ejja ngħidu li inti biss ma jafux
jekk 1 jikkorrispondi għad Bush jew 2

697
00:41:09,010 --> 00:41:11,703
jikkorrispondi għall Kerry jew u
hekk u ibqa 'sejjer hekk, id-dritt?

698
00:41:11,703 --> 00:41:15,860
>> U dan huwa, biss lili,
problema pjuttost komuni.

699
00:41:15,860 --> 00:41:18,230
Allura dak li tista 'tagħmel f'dan il-każ?

700
00:41:18,230 --> 00:41:20,000
Mela ejja check dawn kollha affarijiet oħra.

701
00:41:20,000 --> 00:41:22,790
>> istat, jien jekk wieħed jassumi dan
ġejja minn stati differenti.

702
00:41:22,790 --> 00:41:25,100
partyid, id-dħul.

703
00:41:25,100 --> 00:41:27,710
Ejja nħarsu lejn partyid.

704
00:41:27,710 --> 00:41:32,800
Allura forsi ħaġa waħda li tista 'tagħmel huwa
tħares lejn kull wieħed mill-osservazzjonijiet

705
00:41:32,800 --> 00:41:36,250
li jkollhom partyid ta Repubblikana
jew Demokratiku jew xi ħaġa.

706
00:41:36,250 --> 00:41:38,170
Mela ejja biss ħarsa lejn dak partyid hu.

707
00:41:38,170 --> 00:41:41,946
>> Allura jien ser tieħu
dat u mbagħad jien ser

708
00:41:41,946 --> 00:41:47,960
biex tagħmel dan is-sinjal dollaru
Operatur li għamilt qabel

709
00:41:47,960 --> 00:41:50,770
u dan se
subsett għal dak kolonna.

710
00:41:50,770 --> 00:41:57,760
U mbagħad jien ser ras dan
20, biss biex tara dak li dan qisu.

711
00:41:57,760 --> 00:42:00,170
>> Allura dan huwa biss mazz ta 'AN.

712
00:42:00,170 --> 00:42:02,800
Allura fi kliem ieħor, inti għandek
data dwar dawn guys nieqsa.

713
00:42:02,800 --> 00:42:08,100
Imma inti tinnota wkoll dan
dat partyid huwa fattur

714
00:42:08,100 --> 00:42:10,030
għalhekk dan jagħtik kategoriji differenti.

715
00:42:10,030 --> 00:42:14,170
Allura fi kliem ieħor, partyid jistgħu jieħdu
Demokratiku, Repubblikana, Indipendenti,

716
00:42:14,170 --> 00:42:16,640
jew xi ħaġa oħra.

717
00:42:16,640 --> 00:42:23,940
>> Mela ejja imorru quddiem u ejja
tara liema minn dawn is-- oh, OK.

718
00:42:23,940 --> 00:42:28,480
Allura jien ser subsett
li partyid u mbagħad

719
00:42:28,480 --> 00:42:32,780
tħares lejn liema huma
Demokratiku, per eżempju.

720
00:42:32,780 --> 00:42:37,150
Dan ser jagħtuk Boolean,
a Boolean enormi ta 'TRUEs u FALSEs.

721
00:42:37,150 --> 00:42:41,630
>> U issa, ejja ngħidu li nixtieq
li subsett għal dawn guys.

722
00:42:41,630 --> 00:42:47,260
Allura dan se jieħu dat tiegħi u
subsett għal liema osservazzjonijiet

723
00:42:47,260 --> 00:42:48,910
ikollhom ugwali partyid ugwali Demokratiku.

724
00:42:48,910 --> 00:42:52,830

725
00:42:52,830 --> 00:42:55,180
U dan huwa pjuttost twil minħabba
hemm tant minnhom.

726
00:42:55,180 --> 00:42:59,060
Allura issa, jien ser ras dan fil-20.

727
00:42:59,060 --> 00:43:05,690

728
00:43:05,690 --> 00:43:11,270
>> U kif tinnota, huwa daqs ugwali
hija interessanti li int

729
00:43:11,270 --> 00:43:13,250
already-- int inkluża wkoll l-AN.

730
00:43:13,250 --> 00:43:19,010
Allura f'dan il-każ, inti xorta tista 'ma tieħux
kwalunkwe informazzjoni għaliex issa inti għandek l-NAs

731
00:43:19,010 --> 00:43:22,650
u inti biss trid tara liema mill-
osservazzjoni jikkorrispondu għal Democrat

732
00:43:22,650 --> 00:43:24,670
u mhux dawn nieqsa valuri infushom.

733
00:43:24,670 --> 00:43:27,680
Allura kif tista teħles minn dawn l-NAs?

734
00:43:27,680 --> 00:43:36,410
>> So here Jien biss tuża ċ-ċavetta up fuq tiegħi
cursor u mbagħad qal li jiċċaqalqu madwar.

735
00:43:36,410 --> 00:43:39,778
U allura hawnhekk jien biss se
li jgħidu is.na datpartyid.

736
00:43:39,778 --> 00:43:48,970

737
00:43:48,970 --> 00:43:52,720
Allura dan u u se tieħu
żewġ vectors Boolean differenti

738
00:43:52,720 --> 00:43:57,160
u jgħidu li għaddej biex tkun
VERU u FALZ per eżempju.

739
00:43:57,160 --> 00:43:59,190
Allura huwa għaddej biex tagħmel dan komponent għaqli.

740
00:43:59,190 --> 00:44:02,910
So here I am qal jieħdu
il-qafas tad-data, subsett

741
00:44:02,910 --> 00:44:10,170
għal dawk li jikkorrispondu għall Democrat,
u neħħi kwalunkwe minnhom li mhumiex NA.

742
00:44:10,170 --> 00:44:13,540
>> Allura dan will-- għandu
jtik xi ħaġa.

743
00:44:13,540 --> 00:44:16,540

744
00:44:16,540 --> 00:44:17,600
Ejja naraw is.na.

745
00:44:17,600 --> 00:44:24,670

746
00:44:24,670 --> 00:44:27,690
Ejja nippruvaw datpartyid is.na.

747
00:44:27,690 --> 00:44:36,290

748
00:44:36,290 --> 00:44:45,290
U dan għandu jagħti you--
sorry-- biss vector Boolean.

749
00:44:45,290 --> 00:44:49,260
U allura, għaliex dan huwa hekk twil,
Jien ser subsett sa 20.

750
00:44:49,260 --> 00:44:49,760
OK.

751
00:44:49,760 --> 00:44:51,570
Allura dan għandhom jaħdmu.

752
00:44:51,570 --> 00:44:54,700
>> U dan wieħed se jkun ukoll TRUEs.

753
00:44:54,700 --> 00:45:01,830
Ah, hekk żball tiegħi hawnhekk hija li I'm-- I
jużaw C ++ u R minflok xulxin so I jagħmlu

754
00:45:01,830 --> 00:45:03,590
dan l-iżball l-ħin kollu.

755
00:45:03,590 --> 00:45:05,807
L u l-operatur huwa
attwalment l-waħda tixtieq.

756
00:45:05,807 --> 00:45:08,140
Inti ma tridx li jużaw żewġ
ampersands, biss wieħed wieħed.

757
00:45:08,140 --> 00:45:14,970

758
00:45:14,970 --> 00:45:17,010
OK.

759
00:45:17,010 --> 00:45:18,140
>> Mela ejja tara.

760
00:45:18,140 --> 00:45:20,930

761
00:45:20,930 --> 00:45:23,920
Allura aħna subsetted għall-
partyid fejn dawn qed Democrat

762
00:45:23,920 --> 00:45:25,300
u dawn mhux qed nieqsa valuri.

763
00:45:25,300 --> 00:45:27,690
U issa ejja nħarsu lejn
liema huma vvutaw għall.

764
00:45:27,690 --> 00:45:31,530
Għalhekk jidher li huwa simili ħafna
minnhom ivvota għal 1.

765
00:45:31,530 --> 00:45:36,090
Allura jien ser jimxi 'l quddiem
u jgħidu li huwa Kerry.

766
00:45:36,090 --> 00:45:39,507
>> U l-istess, inti tista '
wkoll tmur Repubblikana

767
00:45:39,507 --> 00:45:41,090
u wieħed jittama, dan għandu jagħtik 2.

768
00:45:41,090 --> 00:45:49,730

769
00:45:49,730 --> 00:45:51,770
Huwa biss mazz ta 'kolonni differenti.

770
00:45:51,770 --> 00:45:53,070
U fil-fatt, li għamilhom 2.

771
00:45:53,070 --> 00:45:55,750
Allura partyid Repubblikana kollha,
ħafna minnhom huma tal-vot għall 2.

772
00:45:55,750 --> 00:45:58,390
>> Allura jidher li huwa simili, just
billi tħares lejn din,

773
00:45:58,390 --> 00:46:00,600
Repubblikana se tkun
a very-- jew l partyid

774
00:46:00,600 --> 00:46:02,790
se tkun ħafna
fattur kbir fid-determinazzjoni

775
00:46:02,790 --> 00:46:05,420
li kandidat dawn qed
ser jivvutaw għall.

776
00:46:05,420 --> 00:46:07,120
U dan huwa ovvjament veru b'mod ġenerali.

777
00:46:07,120 --> 00:46:10,139
U dan logħbiet tiegħek
intwizzjoni, tal-kors.

778
00:46:10,139 --> 00:46:11,930
Għalhekk jidher li huwa simili jien
baqgħalna ta 'żmien hekk

779
00:46:11,930 --> 00:46:17,040
let me biss għandek tmur quddiem
u juru xi stampi malajr.

780
00:46:17,040 --> 00:46:21,120
Allura hawnhekk xi ħaġa li ftit
aktar ikkumplikat bil-viżwalizzazzjoni.

781
00:46:21,120 --> 00:46:26,450
Allura f'dan il-każ, dan huwa ħafna
Analiżi sempliċi ta 'biss verifika liema

782
00:46:26,450 --> 00:46:28,500
il-president ta '04 hu.

783
00:46:28,500 --> 00:46:33,920
>> Allura f'dan il-każ, ejja ngħidu li inti
riedu biex twieġeb din il-mistoqsija.

784
00:46:33,920 --> 00:46:38,540
Allura jissoponi aħna riedu jkunu jafu l-votazzjoni
imġiba fl-elezzjoni 2004 president

785
00:46:38,540 --> 00:46:41,170
u kif dik tvarja minn razza.

786
00:46:41,170 --> 00:46:44,380
Allura mhux biss tridu
tara l-imġieba votazzjoni,

787
00:46:44,380 --> 00:46:47,860
iżda inti tixtieq li subsett ta 'kull
razza u tip ta 'tqassar dik.

788
00:46:47,860 --> 00:46:50,770
U inti tista 'tgħid biss
minn din in-notazzjoni kumpless

789
00:46:50,770 --> 00:46:52,580
li dan huwa tip ta 'jkollna imċajpra.

790
00:46:52,580 --> 00:46:56,390
>> Allura wieħed mill-aktar avvanzati ta 'R
pakketti li wkoll it-tip ta riċenti

791
00:46:56,390 --> 00:47:00,070
huwa msejjaħ dplyr.

792
00:47:00,070 --> 00:47:03,060
Għalhekk huwa dan wieħed dritt hawn.

793
00:47:03,060 --> 00:47:08,080
U ggplot2 ggg-- huwa biss sbieħ
mod ta 'kif isir visualizations aħjar

794
00:47:08,080 --> 00:47:09,400
minn dak built-in.

795
00:47:09,400 --> 00:47:11,108
>> Allura jien ser tagħbija
dawn iż-żewġ libreriji.

796
00:47:11,108 --> 00:47:13,200

797
00:47:13,200 --> 00:47:16,950
U mbagħad, jien se jmorru
quddiem u run dan il-kmand.

798
00:47:16,950 --> 00:47:19,050
Tista 'biss jittratta dan bħala kaxxa sewda.

799
00:47:19,050 --> 00:47:23,460
>> X'hemm jiġri huwa li dan pajp
operatur hija tgħaddi f'dan l-argument

800
00:47:23,460 --> 00:47:24,110
fis hawnhekk.

801
00:47:24,110 --> 00:47:28,070
Allura jien tgħid grupp minn dat
razza u mbagħad president 04.

802
00:47:28,070 --> 00:47:31,530
U mbagħad, kollha dawn il-kmandijiet oħra
huma filtrazzjoni u mbagħad jiġbor fil-qosor

803
00:47:31,530 --> 00:47:34,081
fejn qed nagħmel għadd u
allura jien tpinġi hawnhekk.

804
00:47:34,081 --> 00:47:39,980

805
00:47:39,980 --> 00:47:42,500
OK jibred.

806
00:47:42,500 --> 00:47:44,620
Mela ejja imorru quddiem u
tara dak li dan qisu.

807
00:47:44,620 --> 00:47:52,280

808
00:47:52,280 --> 00:47:57,290
>> Allura dak li qed jiġri hawn huwa li jien
biss plotted kull wieħed mill-tiġrijiet u mbagħad

809
00:47:57,290 --> 00:47:59,670
liema huma vvutaw għall.

810
00:47:59,670 --> 00:48:03,492
U dawn iż-żewġ differenti
Valuri jikkorrispondu għal 2, u 1.

811
00:48:03,492 --> 00:48:05,325
Jekk inti tixtieq li tkun aktar
eleganti, inti tista 'wkoll

812
00:48:05,325 --> 00:48:11,770
biss jispeċifikaw li 2 hija Kerry-- jew
2 hija Bush, u mbagħad 1 huwa Kerry.

813
00:48:11,770 --> 00:48:13,700
U inti tista 'wkoll ikollhom
li fil-leġġenda tiegħek.

814
00:48:13,700 --> 00:48:17,410
>> U inti tista 'wkoll tinqasam dawn bar graphs.

815
00:48:17,410 --> 00:48:19,480
Minħabba ħaġa waħda hija
li, jekk tinnota,

816
00:48:19,480 --> 00:48:24,560
dan mhux faċli ħafna biex tidentifika
liema minn dawn iż-żewġ valuri huma akbar.

817
00:48:24,560 --> 00:48:27,920
Allura ħaġa waħda youd tixtieq li
tagħmel huwa li tieħu dan il-qasam blu

818
00:48:27,920 --> 00:48:31,855
u biss jġorrhom minn hawn sabiex inti
jistgħu jqabblu dawn ġenb tnejn mill-ġenb.

819
00:48:31,855 --> 00:48:34,480
UI raden li xi ħaġa I
M'għandix ħin biex tagħmel id-dritt issa,

820
00:48:34,480 --> 00:48:36,660
iżda li wkoll faċli ħafna li tagħmel.

821
00:48:36,660 --> 00:48:40,310
Tista 'biss tħares lejn
il-paġni bniedem ggplot.

822
00:48:40,310 --> 00:48:47,170
Allura inti tista 'biss don ggplot bħal
li u aqra fis din il-paġna bniedem.

823
00:48:47,170 --> 00:48:51,920
>> So let me biss malajr
jurik xi affarijiet jibred.

824
00:48:51,920 --> 00:48:57,610
Ejja imorru quddiem u jmorru to-- biss
applikazzjoni ta 'tagħlim magna.

825
00:48:57,610 --> 00:49:02,450
Mela ejja ngħidu li għandna dawn it-tlieta
pakketti hekk jien ser tagħbija dawn fil.

826
00:49:02,450 --> 00:49:05,500

827
00:49:05,500 --> 00:49:09,170
Allura dan biss prints out ftit
informazzjoni wara I mgħobbija fit-ħaġa.

828
00:49:09,170 --> 00:49:15,220
So I am qal dan read.csv,
dan dataset, u issa

829
00:49:15,220 --> 00:49:18,940
Jien ser jimxi 'l quddiem u jfittxu u
tara x'hemm ġewwa dan CCD.

830
00:49:18,940 --> 00:49:22,080
>> Allura l-ewwel 20-osservazzjonijiet.

831
00:49:22,080 --> 00:49:27,190
So I biss għandhom X1, X2, u Y. Għalhekk
tidher qisha mazz ta 'dawn il-valuri

832
00:49:27,190 --> 00:49:31,640
huma jvarjaw minn forsi bejn 20 sa 80 jew hekk.

833
00:49:31,640 --> 00:49:37,700
U mbagħad bl-istess mod għall X2 u mbagħad
dan Y jidher li jkun tikketti 0 u 1.

834
00:49:37,700 --> 00:49:49,500
>> Biex jivverifikaw dan, nista
biss tagħmel X1 data sommarja.

835
00:49:49,500 --> 00:49:51,660
U mbagħad bl-istess mod għall-
kollha dawn il-kolonni oħra.

836
00:49:51,660 --> 00:49:55,300
Allura fil-qosor huwa mod ta 'malajr ta'
biss turi li inti l-valuri ta 'malajr.

837
00:49:55,300 --> 00:49:56,330
Oh, sorry.

838
00:49:56,330 --> 00:49:58,440
Dan wieħed għandu jkun Y.

839
00:49:58,440 --> 00:50:03,420
>> Allura f'dan il-każ, tagħti l-
quantiles, medjani, maxes kif ukoll.

840
00:50:03,420 --> 00:50:07,130
F'dan il-każ, dataY, tista 'tara
li huwa biss se jkun 0 u 1.

841
00:50:07,130 --> 00:50:10,100
Wkoll il-medja huwa qal
0.6, ifisser biss li

842
00:50:10,100 --> 00:50:13,380
Jidher bħal I jkollhom 1s aktar minn 0s.

843
00:50:13,380 --> 00:50:16,160
>> So let me go quddiem u juru
x'għandek din Dehra.

844
00:50:16,160 --> 00:50:17,470
Allura jien biss se plot dan.

845
00:50:17,470 --> 00:50:22,852

846
00:50:22,852 --> 00:50:24,636
Ejja naraw kif ċar dan.

847
00:50:24,636 --> 00:50:30,492

848
00:50:30,492 --> 00:50:31,468
Oh OK.

849
00:50:31,468 --> 00:50:35,840

850
00:50:35,840 --> 00:50:36,340
OK.

851
00:50:36,340 --> 00:50:37,590
>> Allura dan huwa dak li jidher qisu.

852
00:50:37,590 --> 00:50:46,310
Għalhekk jidher li huwa simili sofor I speċifikati
bħala 0, u mbagħad aħmar I speċifikati bħala 1s.

853
00:50:46,310 --> 00:50:52,190
Allura hawnhekk jidher qisu
punti tikketta u dan

854
00:50:52,190 --> 00:50:56,410
tidher qisha inti biss riedu ftit
tip ta 'clustering fuq dan.

855
00:50:56,410 --> 00:51:01,020
>> U let me biss jimxi 'l quddiem u juru
inti xi wħud minn dawn mibnija fil-funzjonijiet.

856
00:51:01,020 --> 00:51:03,580
Allura hawnhekk huwa lm.

857
00:51:03,580 --> 00:51:06,060
Allura dan huwa biss tipprova
biex jitwaħħal linja għal din.

858
00:51:06,060 --> 00:51:08,640
Allura x'inhi l-aħjar mod
li I jistgħu joqogħdu linja bħal

859
00:51:08,640 --> 00:51:14,020
li se separati aħjar
dan it-tip ta 'clustering.

860
00:51:14,020 --> 00:51:21,790
U idealment, inti tista 'biss tara
li I biss run kollha dawn il-kmandijiet

861
00:51:21,790 --> 00:51:25,450
u mbagħad, jien ser
quddiem u żid il-linja.

862
00:51:25,450 --> 00:51:28,970
>> Allura din tidher qisha l-aħjar raden.

863
00:51:28,970 --> 00:51:34,150
Huwa jieħu l-aħjar waħda li jimminimizza
l-iżball fil jippruvaw li jitwaħħal din il-linja.

864
00:51:34,150 --> 00:51:40,000
Ovvjament, dan jistenna tip ta '
tajba, iżda mhux l-aħjar.

865
00:51:40,000 --> 00:51:43,130
U mudelli lineari, b'mod
ġenerali, ser ikunu

866
00:51:43,130 --> 00:51:46,811
verament kbir għall-teorija u biss sort
ta fundamenti bini ta 'magna

867
00:51:46,811 --> 00:51:47,310
tagħlim.

868
00:51:47,310 --> 00:51:50,330
Iżda fil-prattika, int ser
trid tagħmel xi ħaġa aktar ġenerali.

869
00:51:50,330 --> 00:51:54,280
>> Allura inti tista 'sempliċement tipprova running
xi ħaġa imsejħa netwerk newrali.

870
00:51:54,280 --> 00:51:57,110
Dawn l-affarijiet huma
dejjem aktar komuni.

871
00:51:57,110 --> 00:52:00,530
U huma biss jaħdmu fantastically
għal datasets kbar.

872
00:52:00,530 --> 00:52:07,080
Allura f'dan il-każ, aħna biss have--
ejja see-- għandna nrow.

873
00:52:07,080 --> 00:52:09,010
Allura nrow huwa biss qal għadd ta 'ringieli.

874
00:52:09,010 --> 00:52:11,790
Allura f'dan il-każ, I
jkollhom 100 osservazzjonijiet.

875
00:52:11,790 --> 00:52:15,010
>> So let me go quddiem u
jagħmlu network newrali.

876
00:52:15,010 --> 00:52:18,620
Allura dan huwa tassew sbieħ
minħabba I tista 'biss jgħidu nnet

877
00:52:18,620 --> 00:52:21,767
u mbagħad jien regressing Y.
Allura l-Y hija li kolonna.

878
00:52:21,767 --> 00:52:23,850
U mbagħad regressing fuq
iż-żewġ varjabbli oħra.

879
00:52:23,850 --> 00:52:27,360
Allura dan huwa iqsar
notazzjoni għall X1 u X2.

880
00:52:27,360 --> 00:52:29,741
>> Mela ejja imorru quddiem u run dan.

881
00:52:29,741 --> 00:52:30,240
Oh, sorry.

882
00:52:30,240 --> 00:52:32,260
I bżonn biex imexxu dan il-ħaġa sħiħa.

883
00:52:32,260 --> 00:52:37,500
U dan huwa biss l-istampar notazzjoni
għal kemm malajr jew le malajr lilha

884
00:52:37,500 --> 00:52:38,460
konverġenti.

885
00:52:38,460 --> 00:52:41,420
Allura jidher qisu ma jikkonverġu.

886
00:52:41,420 --> 00:52:44,970
So let me go quddiem u print
out dak li dan qisu.

887
00:52:44,970 --> 00:52:51,260
>> Ara hawn l-istampa u hawn huwa
kontorn turi kif ukoll taqbel.

888
00:52:51,260 --> 00:52:56,380
U dan huwa just-- tista 'tara
dan li dan huwa ħafna, sbieħ ħafna.

889
00:52:56,380 --> 00:52:59,400
Dan jista 'saħansitra jkun
overfitting, imma int tista 'wkoll

890
00:52:59,400 --> 00:53:03,390
jammontaw għal dan ma 'oħrajn
tekniki bħal cross-validazzjoni.

891
00:53:03,390 --> 00:53:06,180
U dawn huma wkoll mibnija fis R.

892
00:53:06,180 --> 00:53:09,170
>> U let me biss jurik
appoġġ magna vector.

893
00:53:09,170 --> 00:53:12,470
Dan huwa pass ieħor verament komuni
teknika fit-tagħlim magna.

894
00:53:12,470 --> 00:53:18,550
Din hija simili ħafna għal mudelli lineari, iżda
hija tuża dak li sejjaħ metodu għadma.

895
00:53:18,550 --> 00:53:22,790
U ejja ara kemm sew li ma.

896
00:53:22,790 --> 00:53:26,430
Allura dan huwa wieħed simili ħafna għal kif
ukoll netwerk newrali twettaq,

897
00:53:26,430 --> 00:53:27,900
imma hija ħafna aktar faċli.

898
00:53:27,900 --> 00:53:35,740
U dan huwa bbażat off
ta what-- kif SVMs xogħol.

899
00:53:35,740 --> 00:53:40,250
>> Allura dan huwa biss ħafna
ħarsa ta 'malajr ta' xi wħud

900
00:53:40,250 --> 00:53:43,822
ta 'l-mibnija fil-funzjonijiet tista' tagħmel
u wkoll xi wħud mill-esplorazzjoni data.

901
00:53:43,822 --> 00:53:45,905
So let me biss jimxi 'l quddiem
u mur lura għall-pjastri.

902
00:53:45,905 --> 00:53:50,290

903
00:53:50,290 --> 00:53:53,670
>> Allura ovvjament, dan huwa
mhux komprensiva ħafna.

904
00:53:53,670 --> 00:53:57,140
U dan huwa verament ftit teaser
turi li inti dak li inti tista 'verament tagħmel fil R.

905
00:53:57,140 --> 00:53:59,100
Mela jekk youd bħad
biex jitgħallmu aktar, hawn

906
00:53:59,100 --> 00:54:01,210
huma mazz ta 'riżorsi differenti.

907
00:54:01,210 --> 00:54:06,890
>> Mela jekk int fond ta 'kotba jew int
biss fond ta 'qari affarijiet online,

908
00:54:06,890 --> 00:54:09,670
allura dan huwa meraviljuż
wieħed mill Hadley Wickham,

909
00:54:09,670 --> 00:54:13,010
li ħolqu wkoll dawn kollha
pakketti verament jibred.

910
00:54:13,010 --> 00:54:17,420
Jekk int fond ta 'videos, imbagħad
Berkeley għandha bootcamp biża

911
00:54:17,420 --> 00:54:21,060
thats several-- thats it-tip ta 'twil.

912
00:54:21,060 --> 00:54:24,210
U se jgħallmu kważi
kollox inti tixtieq tkun taf dwar R.

913
00:54:24,210 --> 00:54:27,770
>> U l-istess, hemm Codeacademy
u dawn kollha xorta oħra

914
00:54:27,770 --> 00:54:29,414
websajts tal interattivi.

915
00:54:29,414 --> 00:54:31,580
Huma wkoll jkollna
common-- aktar u aktar komuni.

916
00:54:31,580 --> 00:54:33,749
Allura dan huwa simili ħafna għal Codeacademy.

917
00:54:33,749 --> 00:54:35,790
U fl-aħħarnett, jekk inti biss
jixtiequ Komunità u jgħinu,

918
00:54:35,790 --> 00:54:38,800
dawn huma mazz ta
affarijiet li inti tista 'tmur.

919
00:54:38,800 --> 00:54:40,880
Ovvjament, aħna xorta
użu mailing lists, just

920
00:54:40,880 --> 00:54:44,860
bħal kważi kull oħra
programmazzjoni komunità lingwa.

921
00:54:44,860 --> 00:54:47,880
U #rstats, dan huwa
komunità tagħna Twitter.

922
00:54:47,880 --> 00:54:49,580
C'est attwalment pjuttost komuni.

923
00:54:49,580 --> 00:54:50,850
U mbagħad utent!

924
00:54:50,850 --> 00:54:52,340
Huwa biss konferenza tagħna.

925
00:54:52,340 --> 00:54:55,390
>> U allura, ovvjament, inti tista
jużaw dawn kollha Q & A affarijiet oħra,

926
00:54:55,390 --> 00:54:57,680
bħal munzell overflow,
Google, u mbagħad GitHub.

927
00:54:57,680 --> 00:55:00,490
Minħabba li ħafna minn dawn il-pakketti
u ħafna tal-komunità

928
00:55:00,490 --> 00:55:03,420
għandhom ikunu ċentrati madwar jiżviluppaw
kodiċi għaliex dan huwa sors miftuħ.

929
00:55:03,420 --> 00:55:05,856
U huwa biss verament sbieħ fuq GitHub.

930
00:55:05,856 --> 00:55:08,730
U fl-aħħarnett, inti tista 'tikkuntattja lili jekk
inti biss għandek xi mistoqsijiet malajr.

931
00:55:08,730 --> 00:55:13,530
Allura inti tista 'ssib lili fuq Twitter hawn,
website tiegħi, u biss email tiegħi.

932
00:55:13,530 --> 00:55:17,840
Hekk nisperaw, li kienet
something-- biss teaser qasir

933
00:55:17,840 --> 00:55:20,900
ta 'dak R hija verament kapaċi tagħmel.

934
00:55:20,900 --> 00:55:23,990
U wieħed jittama, inti biss
check out dawn it-tliet links

935
00:55:23,990 --> 00:55:25,760
u ara dak li inti tista 'tagħmel aktar.

936
00:55:25,760 --> 00:55:28,130
UI raden li jinsab biss dwar dan.

937
00:55:28,130 --> 00:55:28,630
Grazzi.

938
00:55:28,630 --> 00:55:30,780
>> [Applause]

939
00:55:30,780 --> 00:55:31,968