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DAN ARMENDARIZ: Hello, kila mtu.

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Mimi nina Dan Armendariz, preceptor
katika sayansi ya kompyuta kwa ajili ya [? Cs?]

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na leo mimi nina kwenda kuzungumza
na wewe kuhusu digital photography.

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Sasa, hasa tunakwenda
kufanya kozi ya ajali katika dakika 60 tu

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juu ya idadi ya mada
katika digital photography.

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Kwa bahati mbaya, tuna
Zikiwa nyumba hapa

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kutatua ya kama kuchagua
adventure yako mwenyewe,

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na sisi kujaribu kupata
njia kama kiasi iwezekanavyo.

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>> Hivyo bila zaidi
delay-- isipokuwa kutokea

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kuwa mafichoni chini ya rock--
ubinadamu kwa mara ya kwanza sana

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kuweka Lander juu ya Comet,
ambayo ni jambo pretty cool.

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Phi-kuweka au Phil-y au baadhi ya
njia ya kweli kutamka

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this-- Nimesikia ni
hutamkwa njia mbalimbali,

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lakini bila shaka Lander hii
na satellite kuhusishwa

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kwamba kweli kuletwa
Taasisi ya kijinga kila

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kuwa na baadhi ya kamera digital
masharti na kuhusishwa na wao.

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Hivyo hii ni mtazamo wa Philae kutoka
Osiris angle nyembamba kamera Rosetta ya,

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hivyo Rosetta ni mashine kwamba kweli
kuletwa Philae juu ya Comet.

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>> Philae ni Lander yenyewe na kama
Philae ilikuwa njia yake kutua juu ya Comet,

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ni snapped baadhi photos.

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Na hivyo kuna kitu kuvutia
kuhusu hili kwamba mimi nataka kumweka nje,

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na ya kwanza ya yote, hii
ni tu Lander,

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bila shaka, lakini kama taarifa ya jirani
kwamba inaonekana kuna kuwa hakuna nyota.

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Hivyo mimi aliongeza kidogo nyeusi ziada
aina tu ya mpango wa slide,

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lakini kitovu,
kona sana ya slide hii

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ni katika asili kweli, awali ya picha
kwamba alikuja kutoka Rosetta ya Osiris kamera.

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Hivyo tu aina ya kutoa
kwamba baadhi ya consideration--

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kwa nini, kama hii kwa kweli ni
katika nafasi ya kina, ni

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kesi kwamba hakuna
nyota katika picha hii.

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>> Hivyo michache tu ya nyingine
mambo ya kuangalia at-- hii

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ilikuwa picha kwamba akarudi kutoka
Philae, hii ilikuwa jana nadhani,

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baada alikuwa kweli nanga.

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Na kwa bahati mbaya, ilikuwa kesi
ambapo kwanza kabisa kwamba Philae nanga

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ni bounced mara kadhaa, na hivyo
si kweli nafasi nzuri

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kuwa walitarajia kuwa, lakini
bado ina aina hii

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ya nadhifu kuangalia ya kijinga yenyewe.

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Na moja ya mambo ambayo kweli nadhifu
kuhusu hili ni kwamba wewe kutambua kuwa

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Rosetta imekuwa kusafiri kwa
juu ya miaka 10 kupitia nafasi,

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hivyo hii ina maana kwamba digital kamera
teknolojia hiyo zilizomo ndani

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Philae na Rosetta ni
angalau umri wa miaka 10,

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lakini kama wewe kwenda nyuma kwa njia ya kumbukumbu
kuna kweli karatasi ya kisayansi

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kwamba alikuwa kuchapishwa nyuma mwaka 1998
aliyesema kuhusu specifics

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ya specifikationer ya
kamera juu ya kila mmoja satelaiti hizi.

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>> Na hii ni 1988,
hiyo ni muda mrefu uliopita.

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Je, una wazo lolote nini aina
ya teknolojia ya digital kamera

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ilikuwa inapatikana nyuma, basi?

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Kuna kutokea kwa kuwa digital
kamera kuitwa Canon EOS d2000

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na ni kweli
kwanza digital kamera

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waliotoka kwamba watu inachukuliwa
kuwa mbaya na usable kamera ya digital,

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hivyo ilikuwa ni kesi
kuwa nyuma katika 1998 wakati

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kulikuwa na kujenga
specifikationer kwamba wao tu

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duct taped mmoja wa haya Canon
EOS d2000s kwa Lander hii?

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Naam, bila shaka si.

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>> Hii ni maana ya kuwa
vyombo vya kisayansi

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na hivyo kuna mengi ya undani
kwamba kweli alikwenda katika hili,

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lakini tu kukupa baadhi mazingira,
juu hii ya line d2000 kamera

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alikuwa sensor mbili megapixel na inaweza kuchukua
photos saa kuhusu 3.5 muafaka kwa pili.

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Hivyo megapixels mbili ni
pretty abysmal, kama wewe

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kuwa smartphone kisasa kama vile
iPhone au Android simu ni nguvu

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kuwa kamera kwenye
mbele ya kifaa chako

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kweli ina megapixels moja au mbili,
kuhusu idadi sawa ya saizi

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kama Rosetta kamera itself--
hiyo ni aina ya moja ya shaba.

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Lander Philae
kweli ina kamera nyingine

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kuwa ni megapixels kila mmoja tu.

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Nadhani kuna safu
ya sita kwa ajili ya panoramas

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na kisha kuna mwingine
kwa baadhi ya tafiti za kisayansi

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na hivyo kimsingi picha
kwamba tulikuwa tu kuangalia

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alichukuliwa kimsingi na
kamera megapixel moja.

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>> Sasa bila shaka, hii ni aina
ya si kulinganisha mzuri sana,

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kwa sababu wakati tunazungumzia
kuhusu hali ya kisayansi

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ya digital photography basi kuna
mengi ya kazi ya ziada ya kwamba

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ina kwenda katika kuhakikisha kuwa
ni kweli kwenda kuwa sahihi

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na kwamba wanaweza kweli kupata
baadhi data usable nje ya hili.

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Na kuna baadhi ya kuvutia
mambo kuhusu Rosetta kamera

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kwamba tunaweza kweli kujifunza kutoka
karatasi kwamba alikuwa kuchapishwa nyuma katika '98.

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Hasa, ni alikuwa na nne megapixel
kamera, ambayo ilikuwa pretty kuvutia.

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Ni kweli alikuwa sana
kubwa sensor size--

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tutaweza majadiliano zaidi juu ya ukubwa sensor.

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Hiyo ilikuwa pretty vizuri sawa
kwa kiwango 35 millimeter frame.

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Tutaweza majadiliano zaidi juu ya kwamba katika
kidogo tu, hopefully

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kama sisi kweli kupata hiyo.

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>> Na shutter upeo
kasi, hivyo kwa maneno mengine,

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kiasi cha upeo wa wakati huo, badala
kuliko kasi kiasi cha muda kwamba

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sensor alikuwa kweli na uwezo wa
kukamata data na kukamata taa

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kwa yatokanayo na
moja 1/100 ya pili,

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ambayo ni kusema ukweli pretty abysmal ikilinganishwa
kwa kamera digital hii kwamba kweli

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waliotoka katika 1998, ambayo kuendeshwa
juu ya 1/4000 au labda 1/8000

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ya pili.

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Basi hebu tuangalie
picha nyingine kutoka nafasi.

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>> Hii waliotoka JAXA, ambayo
ni Japan shirika la nafasi

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na hii ni picha ya kutolewa kwa
satellite kwamba alikwenda karibu mwezi

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akachukua baadhi ya picha, na
hii ilikuwa naamini mwezi kupanda kwamba

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alikuja juu kwamba, na
ni picha ya ajabu,

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lakini tena una
ajabu nini kinachoendelea.

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Kwa nini kuna hakuna nyota katika eneo hili?

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Hivyo kutambua kwamba sisi tunazungumzia
kuhusu picha digital, moja

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ya mambo muhimu zaidi ya
ni kufikiria kuambukizwa.

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Na bila shaka, yatokanayo ni
si kitu kwamba sisi kweli

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kukabiliana na tu katika
digital photography, hii

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inatumika kwa filamu picha
pamoja na pia videography

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na aina ya maeneo mengine ambapo
sisi ni kweli ukamataji picha,

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lakini kuna kweli kuu nne
mambo ambayo athari ya kuambukizwa.

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>> Moja ya mambo muhimu zaidi
ni kiasi cha mwanga zilizopo.

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Sasa wakati mwingine unaweza kudhibiti
hii, kama wewe ni katika studio,

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kwa mfano, au katika chumba hii sisi
Unaweza kudhibiti kiasi cha mwanga

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na kugeuka baadhi ya taa juu,
kugeuka taa mbali,

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lakini katika kesi ya
satelaiti kweli

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hawana udhibiti wowote juu ya hili.

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Ni kiasi ya jua
ambazo zipo katika anga

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au tuseme katika nafasi hiyo huonyesha
mbali ya kila ya vitu hivi

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na zinaweza kukusanywa na sensor hii.

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Hivyo kiasi inapatikana
mwanga, sisi wanaweza au si

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kuwa na udhibiti juu kutegemea
juu ya hali,

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lakini taarifa kwamba sisi pia
kuwa na mazingira wengine watatu

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kama well-- shutter speed, ISO,
aperture njia ambayo kamera yoyote

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kweli anatumia kuendesha kujaribu
kukamata kiasi cha mwanga inapatikana

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ambazo zipo katika mazingira.

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Hivyo njia nyingine ya kufikiri
kuhusu hili ni kwamba

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kuwa sensor katika kamera ya digital, ni
unaweza kukusanya kiasi fulani ya mwanga,

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kuna mbalimbali ya kiasi cha mwanga
kwamba inaweza kweli kukusanya,

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mwanga kidogo mno na si
kujiandikisha, hivyo itabidi kuangalia kabisa giza.

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Mwanga sana na itakuwa
kweli overwhelm sensor

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na itakuwa kuangalia kabisa nyeupe.

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Hivyo tuna mazingira haya
kujaribu fidia

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kwa kiasi inapatikana
mwanga ambayo ipo katika eneo

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na inafaa kwamba kiasi cha mwanga
katika eneo mbalimbali

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kwamba sensor yetu inaweza kweli kukamata.

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>> Basi hebu kuchukua hatua nyuma na
kuzungumza kidogo juu ya huo mwanga.

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Basi unaweza kukumbuka kutoka
fizikia shule ya sekondari,

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mwanga ni ya kweli ni photons ambayo ina
mali ya wote wawili wimbi na suala hilo,

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na kwa sababu ya yake
mali ya wimbi ni

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kazi katika wavelengths mbalimbali
na sisi kama binadamu unaweza tu

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kutafsiri na kuelewa
na kupokea kwa njia ya macho yetu

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wigo ndogo ya
electromagnetic wigo, ambayo

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inawakilisha rangi
kwamba sisi ni uwezo wa kuona.

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Sasa, ni ya kuvutia kutambua
bila shaka kwamba mfumo wetu wa Visual

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ni mfumo badala tata kwamba ni alifanya
juu ya aina mbalimbali ya sehemu, si tu

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macho yetu tu, bali hata yote ya
sehemu ndogo ndani ya macho,

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ikiwa ni pamoja na Lens,
iris na retina

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katika nyuma sana kwa kila
seli yanayohusiana na kwamba,

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lakini pia njia ya ubongo
na cortex Visual yenyewe.

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>> Na hii inaweza kusababisha baadhi sana
kuvutia jambo kwamba kweli

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athari sisi kama wapiga picha,
na labda zaidi

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usahihi athari mpango wa
kamera na kamera digital.

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Hivyo hii unaweza au anaweza
si tumeona kama wameweza

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wamekuwa trolling kuzunguka kwenye
biashara kwa muda wa kutosha.

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Ni tu macho
udanganyifu ambapo kuna

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ni tiles mbili ambazo ni labeled-- tile A
juu ya hii udanganyifu na tile B

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katika kituo hicho, na ni
hivyo tu hutokea kwamba wao

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ni kwa kweli hasa alama sawa.

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Hivyo hata kama unajua hii
kweli, ukiangalia hiyo

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na bado haina kuangalia haki kabisa.

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Hii ni kwa kweli sana
nguvu Visual mtazamo

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kwamba ubongo wetu ni kucheza juu yetu.

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Tu kujaribu kuthibitisha
hii na wewe kidogo,

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>> Mimi nina kwenda kuleta up
mfano uo huo, katika Photoshop

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na mimi nina kwenda kuleta up eyedropper
chombo, kuchagua rangi katika A tile,

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na mimi nina kwenda kuteka kidogo
rangi daraja kati ya A na B

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na hopefully sasa unaweza
aina ya kuona nini kinaendelea,

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au unaweza angalau kuwashawishi
mwenyewe kwamba alama hii ni

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kwa kweli hiyo katika tiles hizi mbili.

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Hivyo basi mimi digress kidogo, kwa sababu
Mimi kwa kweli ni kuonyesha wewe hii tu

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kufanya wazi ukweli kwamba tuna
mfumo Visual kwamba complicates mambo.

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Macho yetu si kazi kisayansi
kama Philae Lander ingekuwa

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na kama digital
kamera ingekuwa, na hii

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husababisha baadhi ya matatizo ambayo kweli
athari sisi kama wapiga picha digital.

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Hivyo kama sisi kuangalia
muundo wa jicho

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hatuna kwa kweli
wasiwasi kuhusu sana ya hayo,

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lakini kuna ni ya kweli iris
na Lens kwamba kweli inalenga

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mwanga ndani ya nyuma ya
jicho, ambayo ina retina.

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retina ina aina ya seli,
na katika kitovu cha maono yetu

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kuna muundo
kuitwa fovea ambapo

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tuna viwango vya juu sana
ya kina seli kwamba

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kuruhusu sisi kuona maono rangi
na aina ya mambo mengine.

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Sasa retina ni alifanya juu ya
aina ya aina ya seli.

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Kuna aina kuu mbili kwamba
sisi ni kweli wasiwasi na.

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Kuna viboko na mbegu,
na kila moja ya haya

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kuwa na mali mbalimbali,
hivyo viboko kwa mfano

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ni kimsingi yanayohusiana
na usiku,

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ambapo mbegu kutupa siku maono yetu.

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Nini maana ya hii ni kwamba seli fimbo
ni nyeti zaidi na mwanga.

183
00:10:03,890 --> 00:10:05,740
Wao ni wale kwamba
ni ulioamilishwa na kwamba

184
00:10:05,740 --> 00:10:08,698
ni katika matumizi wakati uko nje katika
katikati ya usiku, kwa mfano.

185
00:10:08,698 --> 00:10:11,860
Na mbegu huwa na kuwa katika matumizi wakati
una high kina maono

186
00:10:11,860 --> 00:10:14,930
au wakati wewe ni kweli katika mchana.

187
00:10:14,930 --> 00:10:17,700
Hivyo tu kama sisi walikuwa wakisema,
fimbo na unyeti mwanga zaidi,

188
00:10:17,700 --> 00:10:19,549
mbegu kuwa chini.

189
00:10:19,549 --> 00:10:21,840
Katika fovea, ambayo ilikuwa kwamba
muundo kwamba nilivyoeleza

190
00:10:21,840 --> 00:10:26,120
hiyo ni katikati kabisa ya retina
katikati ya shamba lako la mtazamo

191
00:10:26,120 --> 00:10:30,630
una viwango vya juu ya
mbegu na mkusanyiko mdogo wa viboko.

192
00:10:30,630 --> 00:10:34,690
Kwa hakika, uwepo wa jamaa ya
fimbo kwa ujumla katika retina yako yote

193
00:10:34,690 --> 00:10:35,410
ni juu sana.

194
00:10:35,410 --> 00:10:38,870
Una viboko mbali zaidi kuliko una
mbegu, ambayo ni pretty kuvutia

195
00:10:38,870 --> 00:10:44,487
na aina ya eludes kidogo kwa
ukweli kwamba kiasi kubwa ya kina

196
00:10:44,487 --> 00:10:46,570
kwamba tuna na
kubwa kiasi cha siku maono

197
00:10:46,570 --> 00:10:49,540
kwamba sisi ni katika
sana katikati ya maono yetu.

198
00:10:49,540 --> 00:10:54,521
>> Wakati sisi kwenda nje wakati wa usiku kama wameweza
imekuwa na usayaria kwa mfano,

199
00:10:54,521 --> 00:10:56,270
unaweza kuwa na habari
jeshi kweli kusema

200
00:10:56,270 --> 00:10:58,640
kwamba wakati unataka kuangalia
katika kitu juu katika anga

201
00:10:58,640 --> 00:11:01,100
kweli kuangalia ni katika
kona ya jicho lako.

202
00:11:01,100 --> 00:11:04,020
sababu ya kuwa ni una
fimbo zaidi katika pembezoni yako

203
00:11:04,020 --> 00:11:05,950
kuliko wewe kufanya katika
katikati, na njia hii

204
00:11:05,950 --> 00:11:09,210
kwamba unaweza kuona kwamba labda
undani kidogo kidogo bora

205
00:11:09,210 --> 00:11:11,400
na kwamba kiini nyeti zaidi.

206
00:11:11,400 --> 00:11:13,760
>> Sasa, kichocheo msingi
kwa mbegu ni trichomatic,

207
00:11:13,760 --> 00:11:16,450
hiyo ina maana kwamba mbegu ni
kweli wale ambao kutoa kwetu

208
00:11:16,450 --> 00:11:20,400
rangi maono yetu, hivyo miongoni mwa mengine
sababu hii katika mchanganyiko

209
00:11:20,400 --> 00:11:24,245
ni kwa nini katika mchana pana tunaweza
kweli naona rangi mbali zaidi

210
00:11:24,245 --> 00:11:25,870
kuliko sisi unaweza katika katikati ya usiku.

211
00:11:25,870 --> 00:11:27,480
Unaweza kuwa niliona kama wewe kwenda
nje katikati ya usiku

212
00:11:27,480 --> 00:11:30,050
rangi hawaonekani kuwa kama mkali.

213
00:11:30,050 --> 00:11:32,660
Moja ya sababu za
ni kwamba mbegu

214
00:11:32,660 --> 00:11:35,450
ni wale ambao kutoa
kwetu rangi maono yetu,

215
00:11:35,450 --> 00:11:39,960
na mbegu ni nini
kuwa inaktiv usiku.

216
00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:41,974
>> Sasa vile vile, viboko
kweli kuchunguza mwendo

217
00:11:41,974 --> 00:11:44,640
na hii ni sababu nyingine
ni muhimu sana katika pembezoni

218
00:11:44,640 --> 00:11:47,764
na kwa nini tunaweza kuchunguza mwendo zaidi katika
pembezoni kuliko wakati sisi ni kweli

219
00:11:47,764 --> 00:11:50,090
kuangalia moja kwa moja katika kitu fulani.

220
00:11:50,090 --> 00:11:53,280
Sasa, sababu kwamba tuna uwezo wa
kweli kuwa na maono trichromatic nje

221
00:11:53,280 --> 00:11:57,480
ya mbegu hizi seli ni kwa sababu
tuna aina mbalimbali za mbegu

222
00:11:57,480 --> 00:12:03,120
kwamba kukabiliana na wavelengths tofauti
ya mwanga, na ni si sayansi halisi.

223
00:12:03,120 --> 00:12:06,500
Hatuwezi kusema kwamba moja
aina maalum ya koni kiini

224
00:12:06,500 --> 00:12:09,230
anajibu kwa usahihi na baadhi
wavelengths maalum ya mwanga,

225
00:12:09,230 --> 00:12:11,930
unajua kuna majibu Curve
hiyo kuhusishwa na haya.

226
00:12:11,930 --> 00:12:15,160
Na kwamba ina maana kwamba baadhi yao
kuna baadhi ya mwingiliano katika kipengele hiki,

227
00:12:15,160 --> 00:12:20,650
hivyo tupate kweli kuwa
aina ya kichocheo zisizo linear

228
00:12:20,650 --> 00:12:22,020
na aina mbalimbali ya rangi.

229
00:12:22,020 --> 00:12:24,936
>> Na kwa kweli, hii ni just nini
kinachotokea, kama sisi tuangalie hii

230
00:12:24,936 --> 00:12:28,840
tuna aina tatu tofauti za
cells-- s-aina kiini, ambayo

231
00:12:28,840 --> 00:12:32,120
ni kwa ajili ya wavelengths mfupi,
MDL aina, ambayo ni kabisa

232
00:12:32,120 --> 00:12:34,690
aina imefikia zaidi
ya mbegu ndani ya macho yetu,

233
00:12:34,690 --> 00:12:38,980
na taarifa kwamba wale ni
juu sana hadi katika wigo huu,

234
00:12:38,980 --> 00:12:41,880
karibu sana na wigo kijani.

235
00:12:41,880 --> 00:12:43,950
Na hii kwa kweli ni
sana, muhimu sana kwetu

236
00:12:43,950 --> 00:12:47,230
kama wapiga picha digital na katika
ujenzi wa kamera digital

237
00:12:47,230 --> 00:12:54,160
kwa sababu hii ni moja ya msingi
sababu why-- vizuri, kuna

238
00:12:54,160 --> 00:12:56,640
mambo mengi ambayo hii
athari na hopefully tutaweza

239
00:12:56,640 --> 00:12:57,990
kupata nafasi ya kupata kwao.

240
00:12:57,990 --> 00:13:00,980
Lakini matokeo ya hili
ni kwamba sisi kweli

241
00:13:00,980 --> 00:13:06,250
kujibu bora kwa wavelengths kijani
kuliko sisi kufanya na nyekundu au bluu,

242
00:13:06,250 --> 00:13:08,990
na kwa kweli majibu yetu Curve
ni tofauti sana kwa ajili hiyo.

243
00:13:08,990 --> 00:13:11,600
>> Na kama wewe aina ya karibu
macho yenu kwa ajili tu dakika

244
00:13:11,600 --> 00:13:16,210
na fikiria kuwa una tatu
vyumba sawa kwamba wote ni

245
00:13:16,210 --> 00:13:19,590
kabisa giza isipokuwa katika sana
katikati kuna mwanga bulb.

246
00:13:19,590 --> 00:13:22,572
Na katika chumba kimoja, wewe
na kijani mwanga bulb,

247
00:13:22,572 --> 00:13:25,780
katika chumba kimoja una nyekundu mwanga bulb,
katika mwingine una mwanga wa bluu bulb,

248
00:13:25,780 --> 00:13:28,370
na kwamba wote una katika
chumba hii kwa kuja.

249
00:13:28,370 --> 00:13:32,470
Na kama wewe kufikiria jamaa
mwangaza wa vyumba haya kulingana

250
00:13:32,470 --> 00:13:37,420
rena juu ya mwanga huu single
chanzo, jaribu kufikiria

251
00:13:37,420 --> 00:13:41,950
ambayo mtu anaweza kuhisi Brighter,
na jibu sahihi ni kijani.

252
00:13:41,950 --> 00:13:46,360
Kwa ujumla kile kinachotokea ni kwamba kwa sababu
sisi kujibu, kwa sababu koni seli zetu ni

253
00:13:46,360 --> 00:13:50,010
drivas zaidi na kijani
wavelengths kuliko kwa wengine wowote,

254
00:13:50,010 --> 00:13:55,700
sisi kujibu mengi zaidi ya kwamba
mwanga, na hivyo kuwa ni kweli

255
00:13:55,700 --> 00:13:58,750
muhimu sana kwa mtazamo wetu
mwangaza na luminous,

256
00:13:58,750 --> 00:14:04,130
kinyume na baadhi ya
rangi hizi nyingine.

257
00:14:04,130 --> 00:14:08,570
>> Sasa, kama sisi kuangalia tena katika
hii, muundo jicho kwamba tulikuwa,

258
00:14:08,570 --> 00:14:11,810
tulikuwa shaka mwanga kwamba anakuja katika
upande wa kushoto wa mchoro huu

259
00:14:11,810 --> 00:14:15,090
kupitia iris, ililenga na Lens
na kwenye hii kinachojulikana "censor,"

260
00:14:15,090 --> 00:14:19,110
retina yetu sana nyuma ya
jicho, na hii ni sawa sana

261
00:14:19,110 --> 00:14:22,850
muundo wa digital
kamera kama vizuri katika baadhi ya njia.

262
00:14:22,850 --> 00:14:26,110
Tuna Lens, ambayo ni kweli
kutumika lengo mwanga.

263
00:14:26,110 --> 00:14:28,320
Na kwamba mwanga basi ni
ililenga kwenye nyuma sana

264
00:14:28,320 --> 00:14:31,100
ya kamera, ambayo ina sensor.

265
00:14:31,100 --> 00:14:35,546
>> Sasa hii ni mchoro wa digital
SLR-- Lens moja Reflex kamera, ambayo

266
00:14:35,546 --> 00:14:37,420
kwa wale wa wewe kuwa
ni unfamiliar ni aina

267
00:14:37,420 --> 00:14:39,003
ya wale kitaalamu zaidi kuangalia.

268
00:14:39,003 --> 00:14:41,720
Wao ni wale kwamba
kuruhusu mabadiliko lenses,

269
00:14:41,720 --> 00:14:45,760
wao ni wale kuwa na hump
juu ya kamera ambapo

270
00:14:45,760 --> 00:14:48,890
prism na viewfinder ni hivyo
unaweza kweli kuangalia kwa njia hiyo.

271
00:14:48,890 --> 00:14:51,270
sababu ya kuwa ni kazi
kwamba njia kwamba hana

272
00:14:51,270 --> 00:14:54,390
ni kwamba pentaprism kweli
huonyesha mwanga kwamba

273
00:14:54,390 --> 00:14:57,350
umefika katika njia ya
Lens na yalijitokeza mbali

274
00:14:57,350 --> 00:15:00,565
kioo kwamba kazi kwamba
yapo katika 45 shahada angle.

275
00:15:00,565 --> 00:15:03,440
Ni inakwenda juu kupitia pentaprism
na kisha nje kwa njia ya viewfinder

276
00:15:03,440 --> 00:15:06,020
ambapo wewe ni uwezo wa kuona picha.

277
00:15:06,020 --> 00:15:09,930
>> Wakati kweli kuchukua mfiduo,
kioo hatua ya juu na nje ya njia,

278
00:15:09,930 --> 00:15:13,930
shutter ni kufunguliwa, na kwamba inaruhusu
mwanga kupita njia yote nyuma

279
00:15:13,930 --> 00:15:18,280
kupitia na moja kwa moja hit sensor,
ambayo husababisha yatokanayo na kutokea.

280
00:15:18,280 --> 00:15:24,810
Hivyo katika Configuration ya kawaida wewe
hawawezi kweli kuona picha kupitia

281
00:15:24,810 --> 00:15:28,185
viewfinder katika digital sahihi
SLR, unaweza si kweli kuona picha

282
00:15:28,185 --> 00:15:31,150
njia ya viewfinder na
pia kukamata picha.

283
00:15:31,150 --> 00:15:32,900
Kama kutokea kwa kuwa
moja ya kamera hizi

284
00:15:32,900 --> 00:15:35,250
unaweza kusema vizuri mimi
kuwa mode hakikisho,

285
00:15:35,250 --> 00:15:39,620
lakini kile kwamba kimsingi anafanya hivyo
akanyanyua kioo nje ya njia.

286
00:15:39,620 --> 00:15:43,510
Ni zamu mbali, kimsingi disables,
viewfinder macho na

287
00:15:43,510 --> 00:15:46,866
anatumia screen nyuma ya
kamera kulingana na mwanga

288
00:15:46,866 --> 00:15:49,592
kwamba chombo hicho ni kupokea.

289
00:15:49,592 --> 00:15:54,520
>> Sasa kuna kipengele muhimu ya
mwanga kutambua zaidi ukweli

290
00:15:54,520 --> 00:16:00,360
kwamba ni alifanya juu ya wavelengths,
kwamba ni alifanya juu ya rangi, kwamba

291
00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:02,360
kama matokeo ya mbalimbali
wavelengths, na kwamba

292
00:16:02,360 --> 00:16:05,900
ni kwamba mtu
photons kwamba kufanya juu ya mwanga

293
00:16:05,900 --> 00:16:08,580
kuwa uwiano wa moja kwa moja
kuujia jamaa,

294
00:16:08,580 --> 00:16:10,790
au ukubwa wa mwanga.

295
00:16:10,790 --> 00:16:14,100
Hivyo kila wakati kwamba sisi
mara mbili ya idadi ya photons

296
00:16:14,100 --> 00:16:16,932
katika wavelength fulani
ya kwamba mwanga basi

297
00:16:16,932 --> 00:16:18,640
tuko kimsingi
mara dufu kiwango,

298
00:16:18,640 --> 00:16:21,380
tuko mara dufu
mwangaza wa mwanga,

299
00:16:21,380 --> 00:16:23,840
na hii ina muhimu sana
jina katika picha.

300
00:16:23,840 --> 00:16:25,340
Ni wito ataacha.

301
00:16:25,340 --> 00:16:28,680
Hivyo wakati sisi ni kuzungumza juu ya mfiduo,
tunazungumzia kuhusu ataacha kwa njia hii.

302
00:16:28,680 --> 00:16:35,235
Sisi kwa ujumla wanataka kujaribu kuendesha
hii ni quantized dhana ya photons

303
00:16:35,235 --> 00:16:37,380
kwamba ni kweli
kuingia katika kamera yetu

304
00:16:37,380 --> 00:16:41,930
ama kwa kuwa au mara mbili
kiasi cha mwanga kwamba ni kuruhusiwa katika.

305
00:16:41,930 --> 00:16:46,110
Hivyo ni sana, sana
mara kwa mara kwamba utaona

306
00:16:46,110 --> 00:16:48,640
namba kuhusiana na wazo hili la ataacha.

307
00:16:48,640 --> 00:16:51,576
Hivyo kwa mfano, wazo
yatokanayo fidia,

308
00:16:51,576 --> 00:16:53,450
ambayo tutaweza majadiliano zaidi
juu katika dakika tu,

309
00:16:53,450 --> 00:16:56,920
kazi katika wazo hili la
ataacha ambapo single stop

310
00:16:56,920 --> 00:16:59,520
ni mara dufu au kupunguza nusu
kutegemea mwelekeo

311
00:16:59,520 --> 00:17:03,000
utaenda ya kiasi cha
mwanga hiyo kuwa aliingia.

312
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:07,010
>> Sasa bila shaka, wakati tunazungumzia
idadi ya vituo, hivyo kwa mfano,

313
00:17:07,010 --> 00:17:11,740
hebu sema sisi ni kuzungumza juu ya mabadiliko ya
ya vituo mbili kinyume na kuacha moja.

314
00:17:11,740 --> 00:17:15,530
Hii ina maana sisi si tu mara dufu
yake, lakini sisi ni mara dufu tena,

315
00:17:15,530 --> 00:17:19,300
hivyo kubadilisha ataacha mbili
matokeo katika mara nne

316
00:17:19,300 --> 00:17:21,740
tofauti katika
ukubwa wa mwanga.

317
00:17:21,740 --> 00:17:23,980
Kadhalika, stop tatu
tofauti ni nane,

318
00:17:23,980 --> 00:17:26,230
ataacha nne ni 16, kadhalika na kadhalika.

319
00:17:26,230 --> 00:17:29,760
>> Hivyo hata idadi ndogo
ya ataacha wanaweza kuwakilisha

320
00:17:29,760 --> 00:17:33,980
aina mbalimbali ya tofauti
msongamano wa katika mwanga.

321
00:17:33,980 --> 00:17:38,350
Na kwa kweli, wakati tunazungumzia
kuhusu mchana dhidi ya brightest

322
00:17:38,350 --> 00:17:43,010
siku dhidi ya darkest usiku tuko
kweli kuzungumza juu ya 20 vituo labda

323
00:17:43,010 --> 00:17:44,210
katika kabisa zaidi.

324
00:17:44,210 --> 00:17:48,020
Kwamba pengine kitu
karibu na 15 ataacha au hivyo,

325
00:17:48,020 --> 00:17:50,180
lakini kwamba utakuwa muhimu
katika dakika tu kama sisi

326
00:17:50,180 --> 00:17:52,330
kuendelea kuzungumza kuhusu yatokanayo.

327
00:17:52,330 --> 00:17:55,610
>> Hivyo sisi aliyesema kidogo kuhusu
mwanga na hivyo hebu majadiliano kuhusu baadhi

328
00:17:55,610 --> 00:17:58,320
wa haya yatokanayo nyingine
mazingira ambayo kwa kweli

329
00:17:58,320 --> 00:18:02,930
kuruhusu sisi kukamata
mwanga ambayo ipo katika eneo la tukio.

330
00:18:02,930 --> 00:18:05,450
Kuna kasi shutter ni,
kuna ISO na aperture,

331
00:18:05,450 --> 00:18:07,870
na sisi alluded kidogo
kwa shutter speed kabla,

332
00:18:07,870 --> 00:18:11,780
lakini mimi kuwa na video kwamba aina
ya inaonyesha anatomy ya kamera

333
00:18:11,780 --> 00:18:16,530
na pia atawaangazia hii
wazo la shutter yenyewe.

334
00:18:16,530 --> 00:18:19,170
Hivyo nina hapa hii
kasi ya picha ambayo

335
00:18:19,170 --> 00:18:22,170
Mimi kilichotokea kwa kupata kwenye
internet, na kile utaona

336
00:18:22,170 --> 00:18:26,570
hii ni hatua ya kweli
ukamataji yatokanayo

337
00:18:26,570 --> 00:18:29,470
juu ya hii hasa digital SLR.

338
00:18:29,470 --> 00:18:33,640
>> Hivyo kama mimi kuzungumza nataka kulipa
makini na michache ya mambo.

339
00:18:33,640 --> 00:18:37,640
Kwanza, taarifa kwamba kioo
hatua ya juu nje ya njia,

340
00:18:37,640 --> 00:18:40,500
kukumbuka kwamba kuongelea
hii katika SLR digital.

341
00:18:40,500 --> 00:18:43,520
Sasa taarifa kwamba kitu kwamba
sisi ni kuona nyuma kwamba

342
00:18:43,520 --> 00:18:48,280
si sensor mbichi yenyewe, lakini
ni kweli kipande cha plastiki

343
00:18:48,280 --> 00:18:53,040
au Kevlar kutegemea
ubora wa kamera kwamba

344
00:18:53,040 --> 00:18:54,060
kazi kama shutter.

345
00:18:54,060 --> 00:18:57,040
Ni shutter mitambo
kweli hoja nje ya njia

346
00:18:57,040 --> 00:18:59,821
na kuanika sensor chini.

347
00:18:59,821 --> 00:19:01,570
Hivyo hebu tuangalie
wakati huu moja zaidi

348
00:19:01,570 --> 00:19:04,640
hivyo unaweza kutatua ya kuangalia
hatua ya shutter.

349
00:19:04,640 --> 00:19:07,330
kioo hatua ya juu na
njia, ilani shutter kuufungua

350
00:19:07,330 --> 00:19:11,600
na kisha haraka sana kuna
pazia mwingine kwamba kufunga nyuma yake.

351
00:19:11,600 --> 00:19:16,080
Hii ni kawaida sana kuweka up kwa
SLRs digital na shutters mitambo.

352
00:19:16,080 --> 00:19:19,340
Sisi itabidi mapazia mawili ambayo
kazi ama usawa

353
00:19:19,340 --> 00:19:23,170
au wima kutegemea
kwenye kamera hasa

354
00:19:23,170 --> 00:19:25,240
na itakuwa hoja katika
ndege nzima.

355
00:19:25,240 --> 00:19:28,540
Kwanza pazia kwanza itafungua,
kuwasababishia sensor chini,

356
00:19:28,540 --> 00:19:33,420
na pazia la pili, kuifunga
hivyo kuacha ya kuambukizwa.

357
00:19:33,420 --> 00:19:36,720
>> Sasa kuna aina nyingine ya shutters
kama vile, na kwa kweli kwa madhumuni yetu

358
00:19:36,720 --> 00:19:40,712
hatuwezi kuwa na wasiwasi kuhusu wao pia
kiasi isipokuwa kwa shutter elektroniki.

359
00:19:40,712 --> 00:19:42,920
Hivyo hii ni mitambo
shutter, na wewe utakuwa kawaida

360
00:19:42,920 --> 00:19:45,875
kupata hii juu ya digital SLR.

361
00:19:45,875 --> 00:19:47,750
Na mchanganyiko nzima
ya harakati hizi,

362
00:19:47,750 --> 00:19:49,708
ikiwa ni pamoja na kioo
kusonga up, nje ya njia,

363
00:19:49,708 --> 00:19:52,800
shutter ya ufunguzi, na kisha
pili pazia kufunga nyuma yake,

364
00:19:52,800 --> 00:19:57,220
matokeo katika tabia
click kwamba sisi kusikia katika kamera.

365
00:19:57,220 --> 00:19:59,820
Lakini kwa kamera kwamba hawana
kweli kufanya kelele kwamba kimwili,

366
00:19:59,820 --> 00:20:05,010
kama vile simu za kamera na
kamera Compact na za smart

367
00:20:05,010 --> 00:20:08,680
na aina ya wengine ni kwamba
wana shutter elektroniki.

368
00:20:08,680 --> 00:20:12,130
elektroniki shattered hana
kazi katika njia hiyo hiyo,

369
00:20:12,130 --> 00:20:15,540
lakini badala yake anaanza kusoma data off
chombo hicho na kisha mara moja ataacha,

370
00:20:15,540 --> 00:20:21,600
au tuseme inaruhusu sensor kwa
kukusanya data ya mabadiliko

371
00:20:21,600 --> 00:20:25,090
katika voltage unasababishwa na
photons kupiga sensor

372
00:20:25,090 --> 00:20:29,770
na kisha kwa kweli wazi ni
mara moja yatokanayo ni kweli kamili.

373
00:20:29,770 --> 00:20:35,140
>> Hivyo hii ni aina ya rigid zaidi
ufafanuzi wa kasi shutter,

374
00:20:35,140 --> 00:20:40,900
lakini kile hatimaye hii maana yake ni kwamba
hii ni kufafanua mwanga kiasi gani sisi

375
00:20:40,900 --> 00:20:45,810
ni kweli kupokea
juu ya sensor ndege,

376
00:20:45,810 --> 00:20:49,060
na hatimaye hii ina maana
kwamba tunaweza kubadilisha shutter

377
00:20:49,060 --> 00:20:51,220
kasi katika suala la ataacha.

378
00:20:51,220 --> 00:20:53,930
Tuweze kuwa na shutter
wazi kwa ajili ya single ya pili,

379
00:20:53,930 --> 00:20:57,290
kwa mfano, na hivyo sisi kusema kwamba
kasi yetu shutter ni kisha ya pili moja.

380
00:20:57,290 --> 00:21:01,010
Na nini maana ya mitambo
suala ni kwamba kuufungua pazia ya kwanza,

381
00:21:01,010 --> 00:21:03,370
sensor ni kisha wazi
kuwasha kwa ajili ya pili moja,

382
00:21:03,370 --> 00:21:06,060
na kisha ya pili
pazia kufunga nyuma yake.

383
00:21:06,060 --> 00:21:08,030
>> Basi bila shaka, tunaweza
kubadilisha hii kwa stop

384
00:21:08,030 --> 00:21:11,220
kama sisi kwenda kuacha mkali
hii ina maana kwamba sisi basi

385
00:21:11,220 --> 00:21:14,010
na kuweka
Shutter wazi kwa muda mrefu,

386
00:21:14,010 --> 00:21:16,240
ili tuweze kukusanya photons zaidi.

387
00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:20,570
Hivyo kuacha mkali bila kusababisha
viwili shutter speed pili.

388
00:21:20,570 --> 00:21:23,770
Kadhalika, stop nyeusi, ambayo ingekuwa
maana kwamba sisi kuwa na shutter

389
00:21:23,770 --> 00:21:28,149
wazi kwa ajili ya kiasi kidogo cha muda ili tuweze
kuwa nusu ya pili ya kasi shutter.

390
00:21:28,149 --> 00:21:30,690
Tunaweza kuendelea katika aidha
mwelekeo, lakini kama wewe kucheza karibu

391
00:21:30,690 --> 00:21:32,860
na mazingira ya juu
kamera yako, pengine

392
00:21:32,860 --> 00:21:35,810
utakuwa taarifa kwamba inaonekana
kwa takriban mara mbili

393
00:21:35,810 --> 00:21:39,130
au nusu kutegemea
mwelekeo wa tuning yako.

394
00:21:39,130 --> 00:21:43,030
>> Sasa, kasi shutter kwa sababu sisi
unaweza kuwa ni wazi kwa ajili ya baadhi holela

395
00:21:43,030 --> 00:21:46,700
kiasi cha muda gani kuwa
baadhi ya athari juu ya picha wetu.

396
00:21:46,700 --> 00:21:49,170
Hasa, kufikiria
kile kinachotokea kama wewe ni

397
00:21:49,170 --> 00:21:52,830
ukamataji yote ya photons
katika eneo fulani

398
00:21:52,830 --> 00:21:54,550
juu ya wanandoa wa sekunde.

399
00:21:54,550 --> 00:21:57,740
Unaweza kufikiria kama kuna
baadhi ya harakati ndani ya eneo hili,

400
00:21:57,740 --> 00:22:00,610
hivyo kwa mfano kuna mpira
kwamba hatua katika eneo la tukio,

401
00:22:00,610 --> 00:22:02,370
au katika kesi ya hii
picha kuna

402
00:22:02,370 --> 00:22:04,760
wimbi kwamba hatua katika eneo la tukio.

403
00:22:04,760 --> 00:22:07,980
>> Mimi nina ukamataji photons
na kwamba harakati nzima,

404
00:22:07,980 --> 00:22:10,380
hivyo hii ni kusababisha
mwendo blur kwamba inakuwa

405
00:22:10,380 --> 00:22:14,370
inayoonekana sana ndani ya picha
na wakati mwingine hii ni kukusudia.

406
00:22:14,370 --> 00:22:17,650
Wakati mwingine wewe kweli unataka kupata
baadhi blur mwendo hivyo unaweza laini nje

407
00:22:17,650 --> 00:22:20,980
mwendo wa mawimbi,
kwa mfano, au labda wewe

408
00:22:20,980 --> 00:22:23,900
unataka kweli kukamata
harakati ya kufunga kusonga

409
00:22:23,900 --> 00:22:28,450
gari, unataka kweli kukamata
harakati ya fireworks, kwa mfano.

410
00:22:28,450 --> 00:22:31,990
Kwa njia, watu wengi upendo kwenda
nje na kuchukua picha ya fireworks

411
00:22:31,990 --> 00:22:35,500
na kuwa juu sana, kwa haraka shutter
kasi, ambayo tu inaonekana abysmal,

412
00:22:35,500 --> 00:22:39,241
kwa sababu ni muda tu mafupi ya
mlipuko au wanandoa wa sekunde baada ya

413
00:22:39,241 --> 00:22:40,490
na kisha wao ni wote chimping.

414
00:22:40,490 --> 00:22:41,698
>> Unajua nini chimping ni?

415
00:22:41,698 --> 00:22:45,180
Ni kama wewe kuchukua picha, kulia, na
basi wewe ni hunched juu ya kamera yako,

416
00:22:45,180 --> 00:22:47,471
na wewe kuonyesha rafiki yako
na wewe ni kama, "oh, oh, oh."

417
00:22:47,471 --> 00:22:48,280
Chimping, haki?

418
00:22:48,280 --> 00:22:48,890
OK.

419
00:22:48,890 --> 00:22:52,487
>> Hivyo kuja nyuma, hivyo una hii
wazo la fireworks ambapo ni kweli

420
00:22:52,487 --> 00:22:55,070
harakati ya fireworks haya
hiyo ni kweli kuvutia, hivyo

421
00:22:55,070 --> 00:22:57,310
kujaribu majaribio na
kasi yako shutter

422
00:22:57,310 --> 00:23:00,900
na ukamataji harakati
kutumia muda mrefu sana kasi shutter,

423
00:23:00,900 --> 00:23:02,460
badala ya moja mfupi sana.

424
00:23:02,460 --> 00:23:05,300
Bila shaka, hii ina maana
kwamba unaweza kupata mwendo

425
00:23:05,300 --> 00:23:07,130
blur kutokana na aina mbalimbali ya mambo.

426
00:23:07,130 --> 00:23:10,680
Huenda ikawa si tu kuwa kitu katika
eneo hili kwamba kusonga haraka,

427
00:23:10,680 --> 00:23:15,200
kama ilivyo katika fireworks hapa,
au gari nyingine au mazingira

428
00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:17,940
katika picha hii juu ya
kushoto, lakini badala yake kufikiria

429
00:23:17,940 --> 00:23:22,790
kama wewe ni kujaribu kushikilia ya
simu au kamera yako kwa kuwa muda mrefu.

430
00:23:22,790 --> 00:23:25,110
Hakuna jambo kiasi gani
kweli wanakabiliwa mwenyewe,

431
00:23:25,110 --> 00:23:28,440
utakuwa na kiasi kidogo cha
harakati kwamba tafsiri ya baadhi mwendo

432
00:23:28,440 --> 00:23:30,450
blur ndani ya kamera yako.

433
00:23:30,450 --> 00:23:32,640
>> Hivyo kama wewe ni kujaribu
kukabiliana na kwamba, wewe ama

434
00:23:32,640 --> 00:23:36,630
na kuongeza kasi shutter hivyo
kuwa ni itapungua kiasi cha muda

435
00:23:36,630 --> 00:23:39,930
kwamba shutters kweli wazi
na hivyo kufungia kwamba mwendo,

436
00:23:39,930 --> 00:23:42,716
au unahitaji utulivu
kamera katika baadhi ya njia.

437
00:23:42,716 --> 00:23:44,590
Katika ambayo, kesi nguvu
wanataka kutumia tripod

438
00:23:44,590 --> 00:23:48,190
au kuweka kamera chini ya baadhi imara
meza au kitu pamoja na mistari wale

439
00:23:48,190 --> 00:23:50,785
kwa kweli kufungia
kwamba mwendo fulani.

440
00:23:50,785 --> 00:23:52,660
Hivyo hii ni sanaa
swali kwamba una

441
00:23:52,660 --> 00:23:56,080
kujiuliza ni katika ambayo mwelekeo
Je, mimi kwa kweli wanataka kuchukua hii,

442
00:23:56,080 --> 00:24:01,790
kufanya mimi nataka kujaribu kukamata mwendo
kwa kuwa hii kukusudia mwendo blur,

443
00:24:01,790 --> 00:24:04,400
au kufanya mimi nataka kufungia
mwendo, na wakati mwingine

444
00:24:04,400 --> 00:24:07,580
kufungia mwendo ni just nini
unataka, katika mfano wa michezo

445
00:24:07,580 --> 00:24:08,610
picha kwa mfano.

446
00:24:08,610 --> 00:24:13,260
>> Kweli unataka kukamata kwamba sahihi
wakati huo kitu kinachotokea,

447
00:24:13,260 --> 00:24:17,610
au labda badala ya kupata hii laini
mwendo wa ukamilifu wa baadhi ya njia

448
00:24:17,610 --> 00:24:20,460
kweli unataka kukamata
aina ya sasa papo

449
00:24:20,460 --> 00:24:23,070
kwamba wimbi shambulio au
mapumziko dhidi ya mwamba

450
00:24:23,070 --> 00:24:24,810
na unataka kukamata wakati huo.

451
00:24:24,810 --> 00:24:26,940
Wewe hakika unataka kukamata hii.

452
00:24:26,940 --> 00:24:30,730
Kwa njia, hii ni inaonekana nini kama,
kamera yangu got kulowekwa, I got kulowekwa,

453
00:24:30,730 --> 00:24:31,890
ilikuwa kabisa faini.

454
00:24:31,890 --> 00:24:33,639
Usijali kuhusu hilo,
mengi ya kamera ni

455
00:24:33,639 --> 00:24:37,140
nguvu nyingi kuliko ungependa kufikiria.

456
00:24:37,140 --> 00:24:39,950
kifungo juu ya kamera
walikuwa kidogo gritty

457
00:24:39,950 --> 00:24:43,010
kutoka stuff-- mchanga
kuishia kuwa faini.

458
00:24:43,010 --> 00:24:48,290
>> Sasa wakati mwingine wewe kweli unataka kuchanganya
wote mwendo na kamera bado katika moja.

459
00:24:48,290 --> 00:24:51,040
Hivyo kufikiria kile kinachotokea kama
una kitu kusonga

460
00:24:51,040 --> 00:24:57,610
na wewe sufuria kamera yako na kuwa kitu
kuweka baadhi ya sehemu ya kwamba kitu bado

461
00:24:57,610 --> 00:25:00,980
kabisa bado jamaa na
baadhi ya sehemu ya sensor yako,

462
00:25:00,980 --> 00:25:04,680
kama wewe ni uwezo wa kuwa na shutter kwa muda mrefu
kasi kwamba kweli Ukamataji harakati

463
00:25:04,680 --> 00:25:08,540
wa mazingira lakini kuweka
kwamba sehemu moja ya kitu

464
00:25:08,540 --> 00:25:12,700
bado jamaa na baadhi ya sehemu ya
sensor yako unaweza kuchanganya wote na kupata

465
00:25:12,700 --> 00:25:18,260
aina ya athari nadhifu ambapo wewe ni
uwezo wa kupata kitu katika lengo mkali

466
00:25:18,260 --> 00:25:20,910
na bila hoja yoyote
blur, lakini aina ya blur

467
00:25:20,910 --> 00:25:24,240
kila kitu kingine katika mazingira.

468
00:25:24,240 --> 00:25:26,820
Na wakati mwingine hii ni kweli
nini unataka pia kwa ajili ya michezo,

469
00:25:26,820 --> 00:25:31,230
wakati mwingine unaweza kufanya unataka kufikisha
mwendo huu wa mwendo yenyewe

470
00:25:31,230 --> 00:25:32,990
au wazo ya kasi.

471
00:25:32,990 --> 00:25:36,600
Hivyo kwa mfano, katika
gari mbio waweza si

472
00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:39,749
wanataka kufungia kabisa
mwendo wa gari na magurudumu,

473
00:25:39,749 --> 00:25:42,040
sababu basi itakuwa kuangalia
kama si kwenda mahali popote.

474
00:25:42,040 --> 00:25:44,120
Ni amesimama tu juu ya
kufuatilia, kutoa

475
00:25:44,120 --> 00:25:51,129
baadhi ya ambayo inaweza kweli kutoa
baadhi ya kiasi cha kuigiza mazingira ya tukio.

476
00:25:51,129 --> 00:25:53,670
Basi hebu kuchukua hatua nyuma kutoka
shutter kasi kidogo

477
00:25:53,670 --> 00:25:56,410
na majadiliano juu ya baadhi ya hizi
mazingira mengine pia.

478
00:25:56,410 --> 00:25:59,340
Mmoja wao ni ISO, na
unaweza kuwa na habari

479
00:25:59,340 --> 00:26:02,370
ya muda mrefu katika
mazingira ya unyeti,

480
00:26:02,370 --> 00:26:05,400
lakini hiyo si kweli sahihi
njia ya kufikiri kuhusu hilo, angalau

481
00:26:05,400 --> 00:26:07,590
katika suala la kamera digital.

482
00:26:07,590 --> 00:26:10,211
Sisi siyo kweli kubadilisha
unyeti wa kamera,

483
00:26:10,211 --> 00:26:12,460
kuna kweli baadhi ya wengine
elektroniki hila kwamba

484
00:26:12,460 --> 00:26:16,240
kinachotokea chini ya Hood,
lakini kwa madhumuni yetu kwa sasa,

485
00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:19,310
kufikiri ya kama
unyeti ni njia OK

486
00:26:19,310 --> 00:26:22,960
kufikiri juu yake, hasa
Katika suala la thamani ya kuambukizwa.

487
00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:26,380
>> Hivyo ISO kuanza kwa ujumla
katika thamani raundi ya 100.

488
00:26:26,380 --> 00:26:29,870
Ni aina tu ya
thamani kiholela, na kama sisi

489
00:26:29,870 --> 00:26:33,820
ni kufikiria ni katika yetu
suala kilichorahisishwa kama unyeti,

490
00:26:33,820 --> 00:26:37,600
kuongeza ISO ina maana kwamba
sensor kuwa kidogo zaidi

491
00:26:37,600 --> 00:26:40,280
nyeti kwa mwanga,
ambayo itakuwa kisha kuruhusu

492
00:26:40,280 --> 00:26:43,950
sisi kubadili shutter
kasi kuwa kwa kasi zaidi.

493
00:26:43,950 --> 00:26:46,700
Hivyo, kwa maneno mengine kwa sababu tuko
kujaribu kupata kiasi cha mwanga

494
00:26:46,700 --> 00:26:51,140
katika eneo letu kwa mechi
mbalimbali maalum ya kamera yetu

495
00:26:51,140 --> 00:26:54,630
tuna kucheza na haya
mazingira, hivyo mazingira haya mawili

496
00:26:54,630 --> 00:26:58,270
kwamba tumekuwa zilizotajwa na pia aperture
kwamba tutaweza kuzungumzia katika muda tu,

497
00:26:58,270 --> 00:27:03,704
ili kweli kupata kwamba sahihi
mbalimbali ya photons ndani ya sensor yetu.

498
00:27:03,704 --> 00:27:06,620
Hivyo moja ya njia ambazo sisi ni uwezo
kufanya hii moja, na moja ya njia

499
00:27:06,620 --> 00:27:08,470
kwamba sisi ni uwezo wa
kubadilisha kasi yetu shutter

500
00:27:08,470 --> 00:27:12,460
ni pia mabadiliko ya
ISO kwa ajili ya eneo fulani.

501
00:27:12,460 --> 00:27:16,420
Hivyo kwa kuongeza ISO sisi
kuongeza kinachojulikana unyeti,

502
00:27:16,420 --> 00:27:19,820
ambayo inaruhusu sisi kufanya
kasi shutter kasi,

503
00:27:19,820 --> 00:27:23,570
au vivyo hivyo labda sisi kweli wanataka
kufanya kasi shutter tena.

504
00:27:23,570 --> 00:27:25,950
Labda sisi kweli
wanataka kuwa chini ya ISO

505
00:27:25,950 --> 00:27:30,170
na kuongeza muda kwamba
shutter ni wazi kukamata mwendo wetu

506
00:27:30,170 --> 00:27:34,330
au kukamata kwamba mwendo blur
kwa madhumuni baadhi kisanii.

507
00:27:34,330 --> 00:27:36,830
>> Sasa upande wa chini ya ISO ya
Bila shaka, ni kwamba sisi kweli

508
00:27:36,830 --> 00:27:39,330
kupata kiasi haki ya kelele kama matokeo.

509
00:27:39,330 --> 00:27:42,220
Na hawa ni baadhi ya mifano
kutoka kamera kiasi zamani,

510
00:27:42,220 --> 00:27:47,570
lakini kwa ujumla hii inaonyesha
kuvutia ujumla mwenendo

511
00:27:47,570 --> 00:27:52,500
kwamba kamera kubwa huwa na kufanya kidogo
bora katika kupambana na masuala ya kelele.

512
00:27:52,500 --> 00:27:55,350
Na si kweli kesi
kwamba kamera kubwa ni kufanya hivyo,

513
00:27:55,350 --> 00:28:00,000
kuna mengi ya sababu ya kuwa na kucheza
katika this-- umri wa chombo hicho

514
00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:03,181
ni moja tofauti muhimu,
lakini pia ukubwa wa pixel,

515
00:28:03,181 --> 00:28:04,930
hivyo si kweli
ukubwa wa kamera,

516
00:28:04,930 --> 00:28:08,950
lakini ukubwa wa saizi yenyewe unaweza
kufanya tofauti kubwa kwa sababu kubwa

517
00:28:08,950 --> 00:28:12,150
saizi unaweza kukamata mwanga zaidi,
kuna eneo zaidi kwa njia ambayo

518
00:28:12,150 --> 00:28:13,850
unaweza kweli kukamata photons zaidi.

519
00:28:13,850 --> 00:28:15,850
Na pia umeme
ni kidogo kubwa

520
00:28:15,850 --> 00:28:21,570
na wao cant kushikilia
zaidi voltage, pengine,

521
00:28:21,570 --> 00:28:24,320
na kuwa na uwezo wa kutupa
bora ishara kwa uwiano kelele.

522
00:28:24,320 --> 00:28:28,720
Hivyo kuna sababu mbalimbali kwa nini ni,
lakini kwa ujumla kuzungumza, sensorer kubwa

523
00:28:28,720 --> 00:28:33,245
au saizi kubwa hasa zaidi
kuruhusu sisi kupata bora nje

524
00:28:33,245 --> 00:28:35,270
ya mazingira yetu ya juu ISO.

525
00:28:35,270 --> 00:28:38,750
Kama wewe ni kweli wanajitahidi na kupata
kelele nyingi nje ya picha yako,

526
00:28:38,750 --> 00:28:41,900
labda wewe ni kutumia, kwa
mfano, smartphone kwamba

527
00:28:41,900 --> 00:28:44,710
ina sensor kwamba ni kweli,
kweli ni ndogo na kwa sababu

528
00:28:44,710 --> 00:28:47,910
ina megapixel juu sana
kuhesabu, saizi pia

529
00:28:47,910 --> 00:28:55,190
kuwa ndogo sana, ambayo matokeo katika
picha kiasi kelele katika ISOs juu.

530
00:28:55,190 --> 00:29:00,700
>> Hivyo moja ya mambo ambayo tumekuwa niliona ni
kwamba maboresho kelele ISO ina tu

531
00:29:00,700 --> 00:29:02,770
imekuwa kubwa sana, hasa
katika miaka ya hivi karibuni.

532
00:29:02,770 --> 00:29:09,020
sensorer kimsingi teknolojia
sawa na ile ya kompyuta yetu

533
00:29:09,020 --> 00:29:11,390
na baada ya muda ni
kweli, kweli bora,

534
00:29:11,390 --> 00:29:18,650
na siku hizi kelele kwamba sisi kuona
katika kamera digital kweli sana

535
00:29:18,650 --> 00:29:22,020
unazidi uwezo kelele za filamu.

536
00:29:22,020 --> 00:29:24,560
Hivyo kwa maneno mengine, digital
kamera na kamera digital

537
00:29:24,560 --> 00:29:29,080
tunaweza kuchukua picha kwamba ni mbali
chini grainy, mbali safi kuliko filamu,

538
00:29:29,080 --> 00:29:31,930
na hii ni labda nzuri au mbaya
kulingana na jinsi kuangalia saa yake.

539
00:29:31,930 --> 00:29:34,890
Wakati mwingine wewe kama kuwa na kwamba
texture ya ziada kwa kuwa,

540
00:29:34,890 --> 00:29:39,110
lakini unaweza bila shaka kuongeza
kwamba baadaye katika programu.

541
00:29:39,110 --> 00:29:43,770
>> Basi hebu kuchukua hizi mbili katika
mchanganyiko katika mambo haya mawili

542
00:29:43,770 --> 00:29:49,750
na kuchanganya yao kutambua jinsi sisi
unaweza kubadilisha moja ya athari nyingine.

543
00:29:49,750 --> 00:29:52,960
Hivyo katika mazingira ya
ISO na kasi shutter,

544
00:29:52,960 --> 00:29:55,720
kufikiria kwamba mimi nina kuchukua
picha hii, ambayo

545
00:29:55,720 --> 00:29:58,530
Nilifanya miaka mingi iliyopita nyuma
mwaka 2007 katika New Hampshire.

546
00:29:58,530 --> 00:30:02,730
Mimi nilikuwa kwenye kizimbani katika
makali ya Ziwa Winnipesaukee

547
00:30:02,730 --> 00:30:07,000
na kulikuwa na baadhi ya nyota baridi
ambao trails nilitaka kukamata.

548
00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:10,270
Hivyo mimi kuweka kamera yangu
nje, iliyopita modes

549
00:30:10,270 --> 00:30:13,300
ili niweze kadhaa
dakika ya thamani ya mfiduo wakati,

550
00:30:13,300 --> 00:30:18,060
na walisubiri tu nje katika baridi
kwa dakika 15 na got picha hii.

551
00:30:18,060 --> 00:30:21,980
>> Na hivyo kuna aina ya nyota
hapa, ni picha OK,

552
00:30:21,980 --> 00:30:25,660
lakini katika kituo sana nimekuwa
yalionyesha hasa nyota moja, ambayo

553
00:30:25,660 --> 00:30:29,511
Nadhani aliuliza rafiki falaki
na walisema ni kubwa wakati huo.

554
00:30:29,511 --> 00:30:31,260
Moja ya kuvutia
mambo taarifa ni

555
00:30:31,260 --> 00:30:35,390
kwamba unaweza bila shaka kuona
Mzunguko wa dunia katika trails nyota,

556
00:30:35,390 --> 00:30:38,180
lakini taarifa kwamba
radius ya mduara inaonekana

557
00:30:38,180 --> 00:30:41,160
kupata ndogo kama wewe kupata
kwa juu kulia fungu.

558
00:30:41,160 --> 00:30:44,610
Hiyo ni kwa sababu mimi alikuwa akizungumzia
kamera upande wa kaskazini,

559
00:30:44,610 --> 00:30:49,200
na hii alionekana tu ya
slide kidogo tu

560
00:30:49,200 --> 00:30:57,900
alikuwa nyota North kupitia
ambayo Dunia ilikuwa kupokezana.

561
00:30:57,900 --> 00:30:58,400
OK.

562
00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:01,280
Hivyo anyway, tuna nyota hii
kwamba mimi nataka kumweka nje.

563
00:31:01,280 --> 00:31:04,170
Vega, ina maalum
urefu, na barabara

564
00:31:04,170 --> 00:31:08,770
kwamba ikiwa nilitaka kufanya
nyota uchaguzi tena kitu

565
00:31:08,770 --> 00:31:11,660
kwamba mimi bila haja ya kufanya ni
kubadili kasi shutter.

566
00:31:11,660 --> 00:31:15,230
Napenda kuwa na shutter
kufungua kwa kiasi tena ya muda,

567
00:31:15,230 --> 00:31:17,390
lakini kiasi cha mwanga
katika eneo hili ni fasta,

568
00:31:17,390 --> 00:31:20,960
Siwezi kweli mabadiliko shutter
kasi bila kubadilisha kitu

569
00:31:20,960 --> 00:31:26,260
mwingine hivyo kwamba kiasi cha
mwanga inaingia katika kamera yangu

570
00:31:26,260 --> 00:31:30,840
inaendelea kuwa sahihi, na mimi kuendelea
kupata picha wazi vizuri.

571
00:31:30,840 --> 00:31:32,630
>> Hivyo mimi siwezi bila shaka
mabadiliko unyeti,

572
00:31:32,630 --> 00:31:38,490
na kama wewe ni uwezo wa kuangalia hii
Nakala ndogo chini ya kila

573
00:31:38,490 --> 00:31:41,400
ya picha hizi utasikia
kuona kuwa mabadiliko

574
00:31:41,400 --> 00:31:48,955
kilichotokea ni kwamba mimi iliyopita ISO na
kuacha moja, hivyo kubadilisha ni kutoka ISO 800

575
00:31:48,955 --> 00:31:53,840
kwa ISO 400, ambayo kisha kuruhusiwa
mimi kuongeza shutter

576
00:31:53,840 --> 00:31:57,940
kasi takriban kwa thamani ya 2.

577
00:31:57,940 --> 00:32:00,030
Na kwamba ni jinsi tulikuwa
uwezo wa kupata usahihi

578
00:32:00,030 --> 00:32:04,850
hii uchaguzi nyota mara mbili kwa muda mrefu.

579
00:32:04,850 --> 00:32:09,270
>> Haki wote, hivyo basi hebu majadiliano
kuhusu wazo hili tatu ya aperture.

580
00:32:09,270 --> 00:32:12,760
Sasa aperture, tofauti na
shutter kasi na ISO,

581
00:32:12,760 --> 00:32:15,060
haina sana
nzuri mara dufu au kupunguza nusu

582
00:32:15,060 --> 00:32:19,100
kuwakilisha single
kuacha mabadiliko katika kuambukizwa.

583
00:32:19,100 --> 00:32:22,070
Sababu ya kuwa ni kwamba
aperture au f-idadi ni kweli

584
00:32:22,070 --> 00:32:26,630
uwiano wa baadhi ya mambo
kwamba ni kuhusiana na Lens.

585
00:32:26,630 --> 00:32:30,680
Sasa icon hii ni kweli kutoka
sasa defunct apple Aperture

586
00:32:30,680 --> 00:32:31,940
programu, ambayo ni mbaya sana.

587
00:32:31,940 --> 00:32:35,840
Ilikuwa programu ya ajabu, lakini moja
ya mambo ambayo icon hii ina ambayo

588
00:32:35,840 --> 00:32:39,770
ni mwakilishi wa mengi ya
lenses kwamba una juu ya kamera

589
00:32:39,770 --> 00:32:43,271
ni data juu ya chini
haki ya Lens hii.

590
00:32:43,271 --> 00:32:46,520
Taarifa kwamba inasema milimita 50,
ambayo ni urefu focal ya Lens,

591
00:32:46,520 --> 00:32:51,060
na pia ina hii 1: 1.4, najua
ni kichwa chini, lakini unaweza kusoma,

592
00:32:51,060 --> 00:32:55,280
ni 1: 1.4 na kwamba ni
kweli aperture hii.

593
00:32:55,280 --> 00:33:00,590
Hii ni kweli f-posta,
upeo iwezekanavyo aperture ya Lens hii.

594
00:33:00,590 --> 00:33:02,660
Na hii ni muhimu
kwa sababu hii inatuambia

595
00:33:02,660 --> 00:33:05,780
kabisa mali chache kuhusu hili
hasa lens-- urefu focal

596
00:33:05,780 --> 00:33:10,690
anatueleza jinsi zoomed katika au zoomed nje ni
ni, milimita 50 kwenye kamera ya kawaida

597
00:33:10,690 --> 00:33:16,100
ni kusimama sana aina ya uwanja wa
maoni, ni si pia zoomed nje,

598
00:33:16,100 --> 00:33:19,380
ni pia si zoomed katika,
ni labda fulani

599
00:33:19,380 --> 00:33:23,860
sawa na jinsi gani kuangalia kwa
macho yetu, lakini kuna dhahiri

600
00:33:23,860 --> 00:33:26,170
baadhi ya mabadiliko katika uwanja wa maoni.

601
00:33:26,170 --> 00:33:28,310
>> Hebu tuangalie sasa katika aperture hii.

602
00:33:28,310 --> 00:33:34,390
uwiano hapa ni just
uwiano wa urefu focal kugawanywa

603
00:33:34,390 --> 00:33:37,800
na apertures mduara ufanisi,
hivyo gani hii kwa kweli maana yake nini?

604
00:33:37,800 --> 00:33:40,050
Basi hebu kukumbuka hii
mgawanyiko kwa dakika moja tu.

605
00:33:40,050 --> 00:33:45,540
f-idadi kutokana na hili uliopita
slide alikuwa katika ukweli huu thamani 1.4,

606
00:33:45,540 --> 00:33:49,110
1 koloni tu inawakilisha
ukweli kwamba hii ni uwiano,

607
00:33:49,110 --> 00:33:52,480
na urefu focal
hii ni milimita 50.

608
00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:56,840
Hivyo hii ni muhimu na tutaweza kuwa
uwezo wa kujua nini katika tu ya pili.

609
00:33:56,840 --> 00:34:00,710
>> Hivyo hapa ni mtazamo oversimplified ya
Lens, ni upande mmoja wa Lens.

610
00:34:00,710 --> 00:34:05,260
On mbali haki sana ya picha hii
tuna imaginary sensor ndege.

611
00:34:05,260 --> 00:34:08,290
Taarifa alama hii hapa, kuna
mstari wima kwa mzunguko.

612
00:34:08,290 --> 00:34:10,159
Kwamba inawakilisha
sensor ndege, na kama wewe

613
00:34:10,159 --> 00:34:14,977
kutokea kwa kuwa SLR digital au
baadhi ya aina ya nyingine kamera juu

614
00:34:14,977 --> 00:34:18,060
kuangalia juu ya mwili wa kamera kwamba,
unaweza kweli kupata alama

615
00:34:18,060 --> 00:34:21,080
na kwamba inawakilisha ndege
njia ambayo sensor yako kweli

616
00:34:21,080 --> 00:34:25,480
kuwepo mahali fulani ndani ya
kamera, lakini anyway sisi

617
00:34:25,480 --> 00:34:28,431
unaweza kupima urefu focal kutoka
uhakika nodal ya Lens, ambayo

618
00:34:28,431 --> 00:34:30,139
katika hii oversimplified
Jambo hutokea tu

619
00:34:30,139 --> 00:34:34,199
kuwa katika moja Lens kipengele, kila
njia ya ndege focal yenyewe.

620
00:34:34,199 --> 00:34:37,260
Na kuna ufanisi
mduara wa Lens kwamba.

621
00:34:37,260 --> 00:34:40,400
>> mduara ni upeo
aperture njia ambayo

622
00:34:40,400 --> 00:34:45,275
photons kuingia na ni
ililenga na chombo hicho.

623
00:34:45,275 --> 00:34:48,500
Lakini kufikiria nini wapate
kutokea kwa dakika moja tu

624
00:34:48,500 --> 00:34:52,630
kama tulikuwa kiasi hiki cha
mwanga kwamba alikuwa kweli

625
00:34:52,630 --> 00:34:56,370
uwezo wa kuingia kupitia lenzi yetu,
lakini sisi kweli vikwazo huu,

626
00:34:56,370 --> 00:34:59,870
hivyo tuna baadhi ya aina ya kifaa kwamba
kweli kupunguzwa kiasi cha mwanga

627
00:34:59,870 --> 00:35:02,600
nje kutoka
kuja ndani lens-- hii

628
00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:04,720
sawa na iris katika macho yetu.

629
00:35:04,720 --> 00:35:07,670
Wakati wewe kwenda nje,
kwa mfano, na ni

630
00:35:07,670 --> 00:35:11,050
mkali mchana wewe kunaweza
taarifa kwamba iris yako constricts

631
00:35:11,050 --> 00:35:14,840
basi katika mwanga chini, vivyo hivyo wakati
kwenda ndani katika darkroom sana,

632
00:35:14,840 --> 00:35:16,730
iris yako expands kuruhusu mwanga zaidi.

633
00:35:16,730 --> 00:35:21,460
Ni just ni sawa
hali ya nini sisi hapa.

634
00:35:21,460 --> 00:35:25,930
>> Na hivyo kile kweli hii
njia ni kwamba f-idadi ina

635
00:35:25,930 --> 00:35:33,170
dalili fulani ya usahihi jinsi
mwanga sana Lens hii ni kweli

636
00:35:33,170 --> 00:35:36,910
uwezo wa kukusanya kwa njia hii
mduara na urefu focal,

637
00:35:36,910 --> 00:35:39,790
kwa sababu kama sisi kweli
kuongeza urefu focal,

638
00:35:39,790 --> 00:35:44,970
mduara bila haja ya kuongeza
kuruhusu kiasi kama hicho cha photons

639
00:35:44,970 --> 00:35:49,200
kuingia katika Lens
na kuanguka kwenye chombo hicho.

640
00:35:49,200 --> 00:35:51,840
Hivyo kuna baadhi math kwamba sisi
unaweza kufanya kwa kweli kufikiri

641
00:35:51,840 --> 00:35:59,780
just nini kuacha tofauti
ni kati ya mbalimbali f-idadi.

642
00:35:59,780 --> 00:36:02,760
Hivyo mimi itabidi hopefully kuwa
uwezo wa mwisho kitini

643
00:36:02,760 --> 00:36:05,310
karibu na slides kwamba mapenzi
kweli kuonyesha kwamba math.

644
00:36:05,310 --> 00:36:07,610
>> Kwamba huenda kwa njia hii na
inachukua yote haya katika akaunti,

645
00:36:07,610 --> 00:36:10,050
lakini unaweza pia aina ya
takwimu ni nje mwenyewe

646
00:36:10,050 --> 00:36:12,500
kupitia uwiano huu kwamba
tulikuwa tu kuzungumza juu ya

647
00:36:12,500 --> 00:36:16,150
na kufikiria kwamba kwa njia hiyo
tuna uwezo wa kuzuia mwanga

648
00:36:16,150 --> 00:36:19,660
kupitia utaratibu huu ni
kuwa na kiasi mbalimbali ya maeneo

649
00:36:19,660 --> 00:36:21,780
njia ambayo mwanga ni uwezo wa kati yake.

650
00:36:21,780 --> 00:36:24,250
Hivyo kama tuna mviringo
Lens ambayo ina aperture

651
00:36:24,250 --> 00:36:27,530
hiyo ni hii kubwa hiyo ina maana kwamba
photons ni inapita kupitia eneo hilo,

652
00:36:27,530 --> 00:36:31,890
lakini kufikiria jinsi hii inaweza kubadilika
kama sisi kweli kuzuia eneo hilo.

653
00:36:31,890 --> 00:36:35,050
Hivyo kwa sababu sisi ni kweli kuzungumza
juu ya tofauti katika eneo

654
00:36:35,050 --> 00:36:38,190
badala ya baadhi ya aina ya linear
mabadiliko, kama vile kasi shutter,

655
00:36:38,190 --> 00:36:41,190
hii ni kweli nini husababisha
namba ya ajabu sana

656
00:36:41,190 --> 00:36:43,170
kwamba sisi kuona nje ya f-idadi.

657
00:36:43,170 --> 00:36:45,590
>> Hivyo kuna njia rahisi ya
kumbuka tofauti

658
00:36:45,590 --> 00:36:48,130
katika kuacha moja kati ya
yote ya f-idadi.

659
00:36:48,130 --> 00:36:54,750
Kwanza kumbuka F1 mbili numbers-- na f1.2
na mbili kila mmoja kupata baadae

660
00:36:54,750 --> 00:36:55,250
idadi.

661
00:36:55,250 --> 00:36:58,480
Hivyo kwa mfano, ungekuwa
F1 mara mbili, sisi kupata F2,

662
00:36:58,480 --> 00:37:04,700
hivyo sasa kamba ya maadili aperture
kwamba tuna ni F1, f1.4, F2.

663
00:37:04,700 --> 00:37:07,400
Sasa sisi kuchukua kwamba pili
simu, 1.4 na mbili hiyo.

664
00:37:07,400 --> 00:37:11,040
Hivyo sasa tuna 2 na 2.8, na sisi
unaweza kuendelea pamoja kwa mtindo huu.

665
00:37:11,040 --> 00:37:15,180
4, 5.6, 8 na kadhalika na kadhalika.

666
00:37:15,180 --> 00:37:19,630
Hii umekwisha baada ya
32 au kitu kama hicho,

667
00:37:19,630 --> 00:37:23,670
lakini ni karibu kutosha
makadirio kwa madhumuni yetu.

668
00:37:23,670 --> 00:37:27,940
>> Hivyo tu kama kasi shutter
na ISO, aperture

669
00:37:27,940 --> 00:37:33,050
haina kuwa na athari juu ya picha wetu,
na moja ya athari kubwa

670
00:37:33,050 --> 00:37:35,390
kwamba ni kweli ina
zaidi ya ukweli kwamba ni

671
00:37:35,390 --> 00:37:38,820
kuruhusu zaidi au chini ya mwanga kutegemea
na kama tuna constricted

672
00:37:38,820 --> 00:37:42,570
aperture wetu au kuongezeka ni kawaida,
mabadiliko makubwa labda kwamba ina

673
00:37:42,570 --> 00:37:45,160
ni kiasi cha background
blur kwamba kunaweza

674
00:37:45,160 --> 00:37:46,900
kuwa ndani ya picha yako.

675
00:37:46,900 --> 00:37:50,250
kubwa aperture,
zaidi background blur

676
00:37:50,250 --> 00:37:52,880
utasikia kweli kuwa katika sura yako.

677
00:37:52,880 --> 00:37:56,710
Hivyo unaweza kupunguza ukubwa wa
aperture, hivyo kuruhusu katika lets mwanga

678
00:37:56,710 --> 00:38:01,240
na kupata zaidi ya yako
eneo katika lengo, au wewe

679
00:38:01,240 --> 00:38:06,190
unaweza kujaribu kuongeza ukubwa wa
aperture na kupungua f-idadi

680
00:38:06,190 --> 00:38:11,032
na utapata chini ya
eneo katika mtazamo sahihi.

681
00:38:11,032 --> 00:38:12,740
Na hii inaweza kuwa
ufanisi chombo pia

682
00:38:12,740 --> 00:38:16,550
kama unataka kujitenga somo yako kutoka
background, kwa mfano, au labda

683
00:38:16,550 --> 00:38:19,770
wewe kweli kuwa na risasi mazingira
na unataka kufanya kinyume.

684
00:38:19,770 --> 00:38:22,870
Unataka kujaribu kupata kama kiasi
ya kwamba iwezekanavyo katika lengo,

685
00:38:22,870 --> 00:38:26,350
na hivyo nini unaweza kweli kufanya ni
kisha kupungua ukubwa wa aperture

686
00:38:26,350 --> 00:38:31,460
kwa kuongeza yako f-idadi na
kubadilisha maadili mengine shutter,

687
00:38:31,460 --> 00:38:35,510
au nyingine maadili yatokanayo kama
sahihi kwa kweli kukamata kama kiasi

688
00:38:35,510 --> 00:38:39,250
ya eneo lako na lengo
kama unaweza kama.

689
00:38:39,250 --> 00:38:40,619
>> Hivyo hii ni kubwa nne.

690
00:38:40,619 --> 00:38:43,285
Kuongelea kiasi cha
mwanga inapatikana, kasi shutter

691
00:38:43,285 --> 00:38:47,280
hiyo ni kweli kuna, ISO, na aperture
na jinsi kiasi cha mwanga inapatikana

692
00:38:47,280 --> 00:38:52,330
ni sisi ni aina ya katika huruma ya
eneo kwamba sisi kutokea kwa kuwa ukamataji,

693
00:38:52,330 --> 00:38:55,500
isipokuwa sisi kutokea kwa kuwa
ndani kuanzisha au kwa njia nyingine

694
00:38:55,500 --> 00:38:58,210
kwamba tunaweza athari kwamba
kiasi cha mwanga, na jinsi

695
00:38:58,210 --> 00:39:01,730
tunaweza kutumia tatu values--
kasi shutter, ISO, na aperture,

696
00:39:01,730 --> 00:39:06,010
kutofautiana kiasi cha mwanga
ambayo inaingia kwa sensor wetu

697
00:39:06,010 --> 00:39:08,690
na captures yatokanayo yetu.

698
00:39:08,690 --> 00:39:10,950
Na hivyo kuna hii
majadiliano ya vituo na jinsi

699
00:39:10,950 --> 00:39:13,550
Nilivyoeleza awali juu ya jinsi
kuna tofauti hii.

700
00:39:13,550 --> 00:39:16,060
>> Kuna juu ya 20 vituo
tofauti labda

701
00:39:16,060 --> 00:39:20,650
kati ya siku brightest mkali na
darkest giza usiku bila mwezi wowote

702
00:39:20,650 --> 00:39:23,480
`aa au kitu chochote
kama hiyo, na kamera

703
00:39:23,480 --> 00:39:26,720
huwa na kazi katika nguvu
mbalimbali, hivyo mbalimbali iwezekanavyo

704
00:39:26,720 --> 00:39:29,710
ya mwanga kwamba wanaweza kweli
kukamata huelekea kuwa chini sana.

705
00:39:29,710 --> 00:39:34,500
Labda pamoja na mistari ya juu ya 10
ataacha, au labda katika kiwango cha juu 12 ataacha,

706
00:39:34,500 --> 00:39:37,690
na tunazungumzia kuhusu baadhi
kweli kamera high mwisho hapa.

707
00:39:37,690 --> 00:39:41,530
Unaweza kukumbuka kutoka mjadala wetu
awali ya Philae Lander

708
00:39:41,530 --> 00:39:43,530
kwamba alikuwa na baadhi phenomenal
technology-- vizuri,

709
00:39:43,530 --> 00:39:48,120
Rosetta kamera na baadhi ya phenomenal
teknolojia kwa ajili ya kipindi cha muda, 1998,

710
00:39:48,120 --> 00:39:52,000
na kwamba kweli ina iwezekanavyo
14 ataacha ya nguvu mbalimbali.

711
00:39:52,000 --> 00:39:54,010
>> Lakini kweli hii ina maana
kitu kuhusu hili

712
00:39:54,010 --> 00:39:57,350
kwamba kama tuna baadhi ya kitu, kama
kama mwezi au kijinga kwamba

713
00:39:57,350 --> 00:40:00,630
mwanga kamili juu na
jua na anga yoyote

714
00:40:00,630 --> 00:40:05,700
hasa kutafakari baadhi ya kwamba
mwanga, basi kitu chochote katika background

715
00:40:05,700 --> 00:40:08,270
ni kwenda tu kuwa hivyo
kabisa giza kwamba sisi siyo

716
00:40:08,270 --> 00:40:10,190
kwenda kuwa na uwezo wa kuona.

717
00:40:10,190 --> 00:40:16,290
Hivyo hii ni aina ya sababu ya msingi
kwa nini mengi ya picha hizi na

718
00:40:16,290 --> 00:40:19,530
kama wakali taa ni kwamba kuna
hakuna hali ya hewa kutafakari na kutatua

719
00:40:19,530 --> 00:40:22,680
ya kujaza mapengo katika
mashimo ya mwezi, kwa mfano,

720
00:40:22,680 --> 00:40:27,430
au mashimo ya kijinga, lakini pia
kwa sababu nyota kwamba ni kweli

721
00:40:27,430 --> 00:40:30,870
ndani ya anga la usiku ni giza
jamaa na ardhi hiyo kuwa

722
00:40:30,870 --> 00:40:34,980
mwanga na jua kwamba wao kuanguka
mbali katika yatokanayo na tunaweza si kweli

723
00:40:34,980 --> 00:40:37,410
kuwaona wowote.

724
00:40:37,410 --> 00:40:40,760
>> Hivyo baadhi ya istilahi hapa,
kuna underexposure,

725
00:40:40,760 --> 00:40:43,740
overexposure, wakati mwingine
kuna wote wawili, underexposure

726
00:40:43,740 --> 00:40:45,591
ni wakati kitu ni
kidogo sana na giza,

727
00:40:45,591 --> 00:40:47,340
wewe kweli haja ya
kuongeza yatokanayo

728
00:40:47,340 --> 00:40:49,280
kwa kweli kupata maelezo yote.

729
00:40:49,280 --> 00:40:52,690
Underexposure-- hallmarks yake
kila kitu tu inaonekana njia pia giza,

730
00:40:52,690 --> 00:40:55,030
maeneo kivuli na
kabisa hakuna undani zaidi.

731
00:40:55,030 --> 00:40:58,070
Hii ni moja ya si horrendously
underexposed, lakini ni pretty mbaya.

732
00:40:58,070 --> 00:40:59,510
>> Overexposure ni kinyume.

733
00:40:59,510 --> 00:41:02,020
Una overexposed
sehemu ya picha yako

734
00:41:02,020 --> 00:41:05,790
na umefanya waliopotea undani kwa sababu ni
sana tu mkali kwa sensor yako.

735
00:41:05,790 --> 00:41:09,800
Unaweza haja ya kubadili mfiduo yako
maadili fidia kwa ajili hiyo.

736
00:41:09,800 --> 00:41:12,960
Na kama una zote mbili, tutaweza
wewe tu aina ya nje ya bahati.

737
00:41:12,960 --> 00:41:16,160
>> Hivyo njia moja ya kukabiliana na hayo
masuala, kwa sababu mara nyingi wewe

738
00:41:16,160 --> 00:41:19,930
kuja katika maelewano kati ya
uwezo wa kamera yako

739
00:41:19,930 --> 00:41:24,620
na kiasi kwamba unaweza
kweli kutofautiana haya yatokanayo tatu

740
00:41:24,620 --> 00:41:28,370
maadili na kiasi cha mwanga kwamba
ipo katika eneo ili moja ya bora

741
00:41:28,370 --> 00:41:31,630
nguvu kwamba una, hasa kama
wewe ni kuchukua picha nje

742
00:41:31,630 --> 00:41:34,630
ni tu kusubiri kidogo
wakati kwa mwanga bora.

743
00:41:34,630 --> 00:41:39,990
Kwa ujumla mchana mwanga ni kweli
wakali, ni casts vivuli mbaya sana,

744
00:41:39,990 --> 00:41:43,630
kuna anga chini ya kweli
kutafakari na kuwatawanya baadhi ya mwanga

745
00:41:43,630 --> 00:41:47,420
na hivyo tu huelekea kuwa
si hali nzuri sana.

746
00:41:47,420 --> 00:41:49,650
Kama wewe ni uwezo wa kusubiri
masaa hata chache tu,

747
00:41:49,650 --> 00:41:53,770
kusubiri hadi jioni au kama wewe ni
uwezo wa kufanya hivyo, kupata hadi saa alfajiri

748
00:41:53,770 --> 00:41:57,220
na wewe utakuwa watalipwa
na mwanga ajabu laini

749
00:41:57,220 --> 00:42:01,480
kwamba ina mengi ya color--
rangi ya joto na tone

750
00:42:01,480 --> 00:42:07,300
inayosababishwa na kupita mwanga
kupitia zaidi ya anga.

751
00:42:07,300 --> 00:42:11,350
>> Sasa kwa haraka sana, kuna
hii dhana ya kufunga mita,

752
00:42:11,350 --> 00:42:14,560
ambayo ni nini kamera
kweli haina kwa niaba yetu

753
00:42:14,560 --> 00:42:19,500
kubadilisha kila moja ya haya
maadili yatokanayo tatu

754
00:42:19,500 --> 00:42:22,270
na kujaribu kukamata picha sahihi.

755
00:42:22,270 --> 00:42:25,410
Na kwa ujumla nini kamera gani
ni anajaribu kuchukua eneo lote

756
00:42:25,410 --> 00:42:27,370
na kuangalia ni katika
aina ya kijivu kati.

757
00:42:27,370 --> 00:42:30,740
Ni anajaribu kufikiri nini ni
tani katikati, mwangaza katikati

758
00:42:30,740 --> 00:42:35,140
ya eneo, na itakuwa kujaribu
nje picha yako kwa ajili yake.

759
00:42:35,140 --> 00:42:38,160
>> Na kawaida kuna baadhi ya
ziada ya ajabu huenda katika hili,

760
00:42:38,160 --> 00:42:40,687
itakuwa kuigawanya katika
aina ya kanda

761
00:42:40,687 --> 00:42:43,520
na itakuwa kujaribu kufikiri katika
ambayo zone umefanya kweli umakini,

762
00:42:43,520 --> 00:42:45,710
na kusema OK kwamba pengine
zone muhimu sana

763
00:42:45,710 --> 00:42:49,780
na hivyo itakuwa kutumia baadhi ya ziada
Viktning au kipaumbele kwa kuwa zone

764
00:42:49,780 --> 00:42:52,520
na mambo ambayo yote ni
faini, lakini hii itakuwa bado

765
00:42:52,520 --> 00:42:55,860
na tatizo kwamba ingawa
unaweza kuwa na baadhi ya picha ambazo

766
00:42:55,860 --> 00:43:01,280
ni kuwa wazi kwa katikati hii
kijivu, eneo huweza si kweli

767
00:43:01,280 --> 00:43:03,570
kuwa sahihi kwa ajili hiyo.

768
00:43:03,570 --> 00:43:07,900
Na hivyo kama wewe ni kutumia
kabisa zaidi mwongozo mode

769
00:43:07,900 --> 00:43:11,440
inapatikana kwenye kamera yako, wewe ni
pengine kutegemea kamera yako mita

770
00:43:11,440 --> 00:43:15,972
kwa kiasi fulani ili kujaribu kusaidia
pick maadili haya ya kuambukizwa.

771
00:43:15,972 --> 00:43:17,680
Na hii ina maana kwamba
mara kwa mara unahitaji

772
00:43:17,680 --> 00:43:20,310
kufanya kitu kinachoitwa
yatokanayo fidia kuwaarifu

773
00:43:20,310 --> 00:43:23,050
kamera kwamba eneo
ni kweli kidogo

774
00:43:23,050 --> 00:43:26,180
tofauti kuliko dhana yake.

775
00:43:26,180 --> 00:43:30,000
Hivyo hasa, kama una
eneo ambapo kuna mengi ya theluji,

776
00:43:30,000 --> 00:43:32,530
au mengi ya mchanga nyeupe kama
katika kesi ya picha hii

777
00:43:32,530 --> 00:43:37,580
au ina mengi ya maeneo ya giza, ni
shadowy sana, giza sana alleyway

778
00:43:37,580 --> 00:43:39,830
au kitu kama hicho, giza
wakati wa usiku na kwa kweli

779
00:43:39,830 --> 00:43:42,750
haja ya kutoa taarifa kamera
kwamba inahitaji si

780
00:43:42,750 --> 00:43:45,630
nje kwa ajili ya katikati sana
unaweza kuomba baadhi yatokanayo

781
00:43:45,630 --> 00:43:48,240
fidia kwa kuondokana na suala hili.

782
00:43:48,240 --> 00:43:51,980
>> Hivyo katika mfano huu, awali
yatokanayo kwamba kamera alitaka

783
00:43:51,980 --> 00:43:52,860
ilikuwa upande wa kushoto.

784
00:43:52,860 --> 00:43:57,310
Angalia jinsi inaonekana aina ya wepesi
kijivu, si just nini unataka

785
00:43:57,310 --> 00:44:00,130
na napenda kupendekeza kwamba hii ni
kweli moja ya mambo bora

786
00:44:00,130 --> 00:44:02,400
kwamba unaweza kufanya ili
kuboresha picha yako

787
00:44:02,400 --> 00:44:06,310
ni kulipa kipaumbele zaidi na yatokanayo
fidia mazingira kwenye kamera yako

788
00:44:06,310 --> 00:44:09,700
kwa sababu zaidi uwezekano kama unatumia
eneo katika theluji, ambayo ni hasa

789
00:44:09,700 --> 00:44:11,491
muhimu kwa ajili ya wale wa
sisi hapa katika Cambridge,

790
00:44:11,491 --> 00:44:14,925
haraka sana ni kwenda kuanza
theluji, au kama wewe ni nje

791
00:44:14,925 --> 00:44:16,800
na ni giza usiku
basi kweli kuwa

792
00:44:16,800 --> 00:44:18,910
kuomba baadhi ya fidia ya kuambukizwa.

793
00:44:18,910 --> 00:44:22,390
>> Hivyo kuomba yatokanayo
fidia katika vituo

794
00:44:22,390 --> 00:44:25,390
na nini kufanya ni kumweleza
kamera aidha ongezeko au upungufu

795
00:44:25,390 --> 00:44:29,530
yatokanayo fidia kulingana
katika dhana yake ya kijivu kati,

796
00:44:29,530 --> 00:44:33,160
katika kesi hii, najua kwamba kwa sababu
eneo alikuwa anaenda kuwa mkali

797
00:44:33,160 --> 00:44:35,470
kuliko kamera ilikuwa
tegemeo mimi zinahitajika

798
00:44:35,470 --> 00:44:39,670
kwa kweli kuwaambia ni kuongeza
yatokanayo fidia,

799
00:44:39,670 --> 00:44:44,430
hivyo kwa kuongeza chanya stop 1 ya
yatokanayo thamani cha mfiduo fidia

800
00:44:44,430 --> 00:44:47,770
Mimi aliiambia kamera kwamba ni kweli
mkali kuliko ilikuwa unatarajia

801
00:44:47,770 --> 00:44:51,910
na ingekuwa kisha kuchukua
vizuri wazi picha.

802
00:44:51,910 --> 00:44:55,320
Kadhalika, tuweze kuwa na
eneo kwamba alikuwa pia giza.

803
00:44:55,320 --> 00:44:58,560
Kwa mfano, kama wewe ni kujaribu
kuchukua picha ya mtu ambaye

804
00:44:58,560 --> 00:45:01,690
amevaa koti giza kwa mfano basi
huenda kweli kuwachanganya kamera

805
00:45:01,690 --> 00:45:03,690
katika kufanya kila kitu
kidogo sana mkali,

806
00:45:03,690 --> 00:45:06,650
unaweza haja ya piga katika baadhi
yatokanayo fidia hasi

807
00:45:06,650 --> 00:45:08,930
kushinda suala hili.

808
00:45:08,930 --> 00:45:12,200
>> Sasa kamera nyingi na mbalimbali
aina ya metering modes.

809
00:45:12,200 --> 00:45:15,820
Kwa kweli, nini utapata ni
kwamba rahisi kamera,

810
00:45:15,820 --> 00:45:18,200
nafuu kamera
modes zaidi ina

811
00:45:18,200 --> 00:45:21,160
na hii ni ujinga tu
nini wameweza wamekwenda kupitia.

812
00:45:21,160 --> 00:45:24,710
Nimeona kamera sasa bila shaka
kuna kama mode binafsi picha,

813
00:45:24,710 --> 00:45:29,230
lakini wana mode chama, candlelight
mode, mode sunset, fireworks mode,

814
00:45:29,230 --> 00:45:30,965
beach mode, mode barafu.

815
00:45:30,965 --> 00:45:35,600
Niliona kamera moja kwamba alikuwa beach
mode na mode beach mbili,

816
00:45:35,600 --> 00:45:38,440
hivyo mimi hawana wazo nini
tofauti kati ya hizo mbili ilikuwa,

817
00:45:38,440 --> 00:45:39,670
lakini haina jambo.

818
00:45:39,670 --> 00:45:41,630
Huwezi kweli wanahitaji
yoyote ya wale modes,

819
00:45:41,630 --> 00:45:46,680
sababu idadi kubwa ya wakati
hawasemi maalum kwa kamera,

820
00:45:46,680 --> 00:45:50,860
mazingira katika kamera, nyingine
kuliko kubadilisha haya yatokanayo tatu

821
00:45:50,860 --> 00:45:51,474
maadili.

822
00:45:51,474 --> 00:45:53,890
Hivyo kama wewe tu aina ya kufikiri
kuhusu nini unaweza kutaka nje

823
00:45:53,890 --> 00:45:56,570
ya picha kwamba fulani,
inaweza kuondokana na masuala hayo

824
00:45:56,570 --> 00:46:00,780
na kutumia moja ya rahisi, moja
ya zaidi ghafi metering modes

825
00:46:00,780 --> 00:46:05,050
hivyo kuwa unaweza kweli kuchukua picha
na mpango mkubwa zaidi ya udhibiti.

826
00:46:05,050 --> 00:46:07,060
Hivyo kwa mfano, katika
picha wewe kunaweza

827
00:46:07,060 --> 00:46:09,930
wanataka kujitenga somo yako
kutoka background, ambayo

828
00:46:09,930 --> 00:46:13,270
itakuwa na maana kupungua f-idadi
au kuwa na aperture kubwa sana,

829
00:46:13,270 --> 00:46:17,262
ili kupata nzuri sana background
blur kutoka kwao au ndani ya kwamba risasi,

830
00:46:17,262 --> 00:46:18,720
na hivyo kwamba itakuwa kipaumbele yako.

831
00:46:18,720 --> 00:46:21,580
Na kwamba ni just nini
picha modes katika kamera hizi kufanya,

832
00:46:21,580 --> 00:46:24,220
ni anajaribu kufanya
apertures kama kubwa kama iwezekanavyo

833
00:46:24,220 --> 00:46:29,280
na alters nyingine
mazingira kama matokeo.

834
00:46:29,280 --> 00:46:30,210
>> OK.

835
00:46:30,210 --> 00:46:33,990
Basi hebu kwenda katika tofauti kabisa
mwelekeo na kuzungumza kidogo zaidi

836
00:46:33,990 --> 00:46:36,960
kuhusu hali ya digital
kamera ya digital

837
00:46:36,960 --> 00:46:39,764
na tu kuzungumza kwa haraka sana
kuhusu sensorer na baadhi

838
00:46:39,764 --> 00:46:41,930
ya teknolojia mbalimbali
na baadhi ya mambo

839
00:46:41,930 --> 00:46:45,060
kwamba kweli athari
sisi kama wapiga picha.

840
00:46:45,060 --> 00:46:48,870
Ningependa alluded nguvu mbalimbali
kabla na tunaweza kufikiria sensorer

841
00:46:48,870 --> 00:46:54,760
kama kuwa safu ya ndoo
kukamata mwanga katika mfumo wa raindrops.

842
00:46:54,760 --> 00:46:57,980
>> Hivyo kufikiria sisi kuweka nje
safu ya ndoo nje

843
00:46:57,980 --> 00:47:03,080
na wao wanaenda kukamata mvua, na
sisi basi unaweza kupima kiasi cha mvua

844
00:47:03,080 --> 00:47:05,080
katika kila moja ya ndoo wale
na kwamba ni mfano wetu,

845
00:47:05,080 --> 00:47:08,870
kinachojulikana, na tunaweza kuchukua
mlinganisho huu mbali kabisa

846
00:47:08,870 --> 00:47:11,470
na ni kweli
Mfano mzuri

847
00:47:11,470 --> 00:47:15,570
sababu inataja idadi ya
mambo ndani ya kamera digital.

848
00:47:15,570 --> 00:47:17,040
Fikiria michache matukio.

849
00:47:17,040 --> 00:47:21,280
Awali ya yote, hebu fikiria nini kinaweza kutokea
kama sisi kuruhusu mvua au photons kwa kweli

850
00:47:21,280 --> 00:47:25,150
kuanguka katika ndoo yetu na si
mengi kwa kweli iko huko.

851
00:47:25,150 --> 00:47:27,750
Sasa kufikiria kwamba tuna baadhi ya
aina ya njia ya kupima hii,

852
00:47:27,750 --> 00:47:30,650
kama tuna baadhi kipimo
hiyo ni si sahihi kutosha

853
00:47:30,650 --> 00:47:34,962
kupima kiasi kidogo cha maji
kwamba tumekuwa kweli zilizokusanywa basi

854
00:47:34,962 --> 00:47:37,170
ni kutofautishwa na
kelele, sisi siyo kweli

855
00:47:37,170 --> 00:47:39,490
kwenda kuwa na uwezo wa kupima
kwamba kama aina yoyote ya signal.

856
00:47:39,490 --> 00:47:42,760
>> Na hivyo tutaweza labda nadhani kama
kwa thamani kwamba ni kweli

857
00:47:42,760 --> 00:47:45,760
sahihi kwa kuwa
kiasi kidogo ya nyeupe.

858
00:47:45,760 --> 00:47:49,920
Hii inataja tatizo hili la sensorer
kwamba hawana kukusanya photons kutosha

859
00:47:49,920 --> 00:47:52,060
na ni tu giza pia
na hivyo kuna kelele

860
00:47:52,060 --> 00:47:54,550
katika mikoa hii giza ya picha.

861
00:47:54,550 --> 00:47:58,380
Kadhalika, kama sisi kuruhusu sana
kukusanya kwenye ndoo hii huenda kujaza

862
00:47:58,380 --> 00:48:01,660
up na kwa kweli kufurika
na hivyo zaidi ya hatua hiyo

863
00:48:01,660 --> 00:48:05,320
hatuna njia ya kupima au
kujua jinsi mvua nyingi ina just

864
00:48:05,320 --> 00:48:09,610
kuanguka ndani ya ndoo hii, sisi tu
kujua kwamba ni zaidi ya kiwango cha juu.

865
00:48:09,610 --> 00:48:12,980
Hiyo ni just nini kinatokea katika hizi
ndoo kama vizuri, au katika saizi haya

866
00:48:12,980 --> 00:48:17,160
kama vile, ni kwamba mara tumekuwa
wamezipata kwa upeo wao wa voltage

867
00:48:17,160 --> 00:48:20,155
basi si kweli inawezekana
kupata maelezo yoyote zaidi nje ya kwamba

868
00:48:20,155 --> 00:48:22,560
na tunataka kupata overexposure.

869
00:48:22,560 --> 00:48:25,270
>> Sisi kwa kweli wanaweza kuchukua hii
Mfano kidogo tu zaidi

870
00:48:25,270 --> 00:48:27,420
kama wewe kufikiria tena
safu hii ya ndoo

871
00:48:27,420 --> 00:48:29,340
kwamba ni kukaa karibu na kila mmoja.

872
00:48:29,340 --> 00:48:31,270
Moja ya ndoo
fyller na maji.

873
00:48:31,270 --> 00:48:34,850
Unaweza kufikiria huenda kumwagika
juu katika ndoo jirani,

874
00:48:34,850 --> 00:48:38,630
na dhana hii inajulikana kama
blooming ndani ya kamera digital

875
00:48:38,630 --> 00:48:42,640
na sisi kweli kuona hii kwa upana
aina ya mazingira ambapo

876
00:48:42,640 --> 00:48:48,710
Sehemu sana, mkali sana ya
eneo kwamba ni kubwa mno overexposed

877
00:48:48,710 --> 00:48:54,380
kweli damu baadhi ya data wake
juu ya jirani saizi pamoja

878
00:48:54,380 --> 00:48:57,570
na kusababisha wale kuwa
overexposed kama vile, ambayo

879
00:48:57,570 --> 00:48:59,730
ni aina ya uzushi kuvutia.

880
00:48:59,730 --> 00:49:02,460
>> Sasa kufikiria kwamba tuko
kweli na uwezo wa kuchukua

881
00:49:02,460 --> 00:49:05,300
mgawanyiko kati ya
kiwango cha juu ya kiasi

882
00:49:05,300 --> 00:49:07,150
kwamba sisi ni kweli
uwezo wa kupima hapa,

883
00:49:07,150 --> 00:49:10,160
vizuri yetu kamili uwezo,
ndoo yetu kamili uwezo,

884
00:49:10,160 --> 00:49:13,600
kugawanywa na inawezekana ndogo signal.

885
00:49:13,600 --> 00:49:16,807
Hii itakuwa nguvu zetu
mbalimbali na moja ya njia,

886
00:49:16,807 --> 00:49:19,890
kuna njia mbalimbali kwamba tunaweza
kuboresha nguvu mbalimbali kwa ajili ya kamera

887
00:49:19,890 --> 00:49:23,270
na nini hii kimsingi anasema ni
mbalimbali inawezekana, mbalimbali huu kwamba tulikuwa

888
00:49:23,270 --> 00:49:27,500
akidokeza kabla, ambayo inaruhusu sisi
bayana kiasi gani au jinsi kidogo mwanga

889
00:49:27,500 --> 00:49:30,414
sisi kweli unaweza kukamata na kamera yetu.

890
00:49:30,414 --> 00:49:32,830
Hivyo kuna njia mbalimbali
kuboresha aina hii ya nguvu

891
00:49:32,830 --> 00:49:33,705
kama unaweza kufikiria.

892
00:49:33,705 --> 00:49:36,620
Mmoja wao ni kuwa na
bucket-- kubwa kweli

893
00:49:36,620 --> 00:49:39,180
kuruhusu sisi kupata ishara ya ukamilifu.

894
00:49:39,180 --> 00:49:42,910
Njia nyingine ya kufanya hivyo ni
kupunguza ishara detectable,

895
00:49:42,910 --> 00:49:46,250
kwa kupungua kwa kweli
kiwango cha kelele kwamba sisi kupata nje

896
00:49:46,250 --> 00:49:50,910
ya umeme ya
sensor hii hasa,

897
00:49:50,910 --> 00:49:53,110
na baadhi ya
maendeleo katika miaka ya hivi karibuni

898
00:49:53,110 --> 00:49:56,020
kuwa, kwa kweli, imekuwa na
kupungua ndogo

899
00:49:56,020 --> 00:50:00,650
detectable ishara ndani ya
chombo hicho na kisha

900
00:50:00,650 --> 00:50:03,740
tuna uwezo wa kuboresha huduma zetu
nguvu mbalimbali na kupata maboresho

901
00:50:03,740 --> 00:50:06,960
ndani ya picha wetu.

902
00:50:06,960 --> 00:50:10,190
>> Sasa ni moja ya nyingine muhimu
mambo kutambua na kamera digital

903
00:50:10,190 --> 00:50:12,740
ni kwamba wao kuja katika
aina mbalimbali za ukubwa sensor

904
00:50:12,740 --> 00:50:14,820
na hivyo kuna aina mbalimbali ya ukubwa.

905
00:50:14,820 --> 00:50:18,060
Moja ya mambo makubwa
ya kamera ya kisasa ya digital

906
00:50:18,060 --> 00:50:22,560
ni kwamba sisi ni kuona kubwa na kubwa
sensorer katika kamera na ndogo ndogo,

907
00:50:22,560 --> 00:50:26,070
lakini kuna aina mbalimbali ya
mambo ambayo kweli hii athari,

908
00:50:26,070 --> 00:50:30,250
si angalau ambayo ni njia
kwamba focal urefu kwa kweli

909
00:50:30,250 --> 00:50:34,600
mabadiliko uwanja wa maoni kutegemea
na ukubwa wa chombo hicho.

910
00:50:34,600 --> 00:50:38,760
Hivyo kufikiria, tu kwa dakika, na aina
ya teaser kwa nini unapaswa kuangalia

911
00:50:38,760 --> 00:50:41,350
katika baada ya semina hii
ni kweli over--

912
00:50:41,350 --> 00:50:44,310
kufikiria kwamba tuna Lens kwamba
kwa sababu ni miradi mviringo

913
00:50:44,310 --> 00:50:47,810
picha hii mviringo juu ya
baadhi ya maeneo na kufikiria

914
00:50:47,810 --> 00:50:51,130
tuna sensor kwamba kiasi
kubwa na captures kama kiasi

915
00:50:51,130 --> 00:50:55,820
ya eneo hili kama inawezekana, katika
kesi hii sensor wetu nyekundu hapa.

916
00:50:55,820 --> 00:50:59,190
>> Sasa fikiria tuna ndogo
sensor, sensor hii bluu kwamba

917
00:50:59,190 --> 00:51:01,710
Ukamataji kituo cha
sehemu ya picha hii.

918
00:51:01,710 --> 00:51:04,560
Kama pigo wote hadi kuwa
takriban ukubwa huo utasikia

919
00:51:04,560 --> 00:51:07,230
taarifa katika chombo hicho bluu
inaonekana kuwa mazao,

920
00:51:07,230 --> 00:51:09,380
inaonekana kuwa hii
fungu katikati na

921
00:51:09,380 --> 00:51:12,360
inafanya kuangalia kama wewe ni
kutumia kubwa focal urefu

922
00:51:12,360 --> 00:51:14,340
Lens kuliko wewe kweli ni.

923
00:51:14,340 --> 00:51:17,600
Kwa sababu hiyo, kama sisi
kuogopa ukubwa wa sensorer

924
00:51:17,600 --> 00:51:23,030
sisi pia kuwa na kuogopa ukubwa
na urefu focal ya lenses wetu

925
00:51:23,030 --> 00:51:26,120
ili kufidia kwa kuwa
mabadiliko katika uwanja wa maoni.

926
00:51:26,120 --> 00:51:29,070
Na kama unaweza kukumbuka kutoka
mjadala wetu kuhusu aperture

927
00:51:29,070 --> 00:51:31,290
dakika chache tu zilizopita,
hii ina maana kwamba sisi pia

928
00:51:31,290 --> 00:51:37,070
kuwa na mabadiliko ya mduara wa wetu
aperture kudumisha huo f-idadi.

929
00:51:37,070 --> 00:51:41,795
>> Hivyo tunaweza kwenda juu na juu ya aina mbalimbali
ya mada katika ukubwa sensor na wote

930
00:51:41,795 --> 00:51:44,670
mambo haya, lakini hii ni kweli
tu teaser kwa baadhi ya mambo

931
00:51:44,670 --> 00:51:47,047
kwamba kunaweza
kuanza kuangalia katika.

932
00:51:47,047 --> 00:51:49,130
Wakati sisi kuanza kuzungumza juu ya
hii kidogo zaidi

933
00:51:49,130 --> 00:51:51,380
sisi kuanza kuzungumza juu ya 35
millimeter equivalency.

934
00:51:51,380 --> 00:51:58,400
Tuweze kuwa na aina fulani ya
kumbukumbu ukubwa wa sensor digital

935
00:51:58,400 --> 00:52:01,440
kwamba sisi ni uwezo wa kulinganisha
sensorer nyingine ili

936
00:52:01,440 --> 00:52:05,635
kujadili urefu wetu focal
katika njia ya maana zaidi

937
00:52:05,635 --> 00:52:09,530
na hivyo mimi hakika zinaonyesha kwamba wewe
kuanza kufanya utafiti wako katika eneo hilo

938
00:52:09,530 --> 00:52:11,830
kama wewe ni nia katika
kufanya hivyo, lakini kwa sasa ni

939
00:52:11,830 --> 00:52:14,360
Inaonekana kama nimepata kukimbia nje ya muda
na tutaweza kuwa na ishara mbali.

940
00:52:14,360 --> 00:52:17,440
>> Hivyo nataka kuwashukuru
wote kiasi sana kwa kuangalia.

941
00:52:17,440 --> 00:52:19,779
Mimi itabidi baada ya slides kwamba
sisi hapa online na pia

942
00:52:19,779 --> 00:52:22,070
kwamba kitini kwamba utapata
kuelewa kidogo

943
00:52:22,070 --> 00:52:24,924
zaidi hisabati
nyuma ya wacky f-idadi,

944
00:52:24,924 --> 00:52:26,840
na mimi kufanya moyo
kuangalia saa hiyo.

945
00:52:26,840 --> 00:52:29,631
Na hivyo asante sana kwa
kuangalia na mimi matumaini ya kuona kwenu hivi karibuni.

946
00:52:29,631 --> 00:52:32,510

947
00:52:32,510 --> 00:52:33,010
Oh.

948
00:52:33,010 --> 00:52:34,490
Asante, asante.

949
00:52:34,490 --> 00:52:37,210
watazamaji tukufu anafurahia yake.

950
00:52:37,210 --> 00:52:38,827