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>> MITCH Resnick: Hi, jien Mitch Resnick.

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Jien Professur ta 'Tagħlim
Riċerka hawn fil-MIT Media Lab,

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u jien ukoll jordna lill-Team Scratch MIT.

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JOHN MALONEY: Jien John
Maloney, u I kien

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riċerkatur għal madwar 11-il sena
jaħdmu fuq il-Proġett Scratch

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bħala l-iżviluppatur ċomb.

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MITCH Resnick: Nappellaw
grupp tagħna ta 'riċerka

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il-grupp Kindergarten Tul il-Ħajja minħabba
aħna qed ispirati mill-mod kif tfal

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jitgħallmu fil-kindergarten.

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Il kindergarten classic, tfal
huma playfully tfassil u l-ħolqien

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affarijiet fil-kollaborazzjoni ma '
xulxin - torrijiet bini

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bi blokki injam, jagħmlu ritratti
żebgħa tas-swaba u krejons.

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Kif aħna żviluppati Scratch, ridna
biex jaqbdu l-ispirtu kindergarten

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għall-istudenti ta 'kull età.

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JOHN MALONEY: Wieħed mill-
motivazzjonijiet kbar għall Scratch

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Kien dan il-proġett li
Mitchell u Natalie

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kienet bdiet tissejjaħ il-
Computer Clubhouse.

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U huma raw ħafna ta 'tfal jagħmlu
Jittieħed ma 'għodod tal-midja bħall-Photoshop

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u għodod varji tal-produzzjoni tal-ħoss,
iżda dawn ma kinux qed jagħmlu ebda programmazzjoni.

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Il-gidjien ma kinux qed jagħmlu ebda programmazzjoni,
u aħna stenna madwar u qal, ukoll,

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għaliex ma huma jagħmlu dan?

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It-tweġiba deher li
jkun li ma kienx hemm

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għodda li kien xieraq
għal dak setting.

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>> MITCH Resnick: Kif aħna
kienu jiżviluppaw Scratch,

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I kienet ispirata minn uħud mill-ideat
ta 'mentor tiegħi, Seymour Papert, li

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żviluppa l-lingwa ta 'programmar Logo.

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Seymour dejjem użati biex ngħid li huwa
kien importanti għal teknoloġija ġdida

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li jkollu art baxx - fis-sens huwa faċli
biex tibda ma '- limitu għoli -

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li jfisser li inti tista 'tagħmel aktar u
affarijiet aktar kumplessi magħha.

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Aħna wkoll riedu li jkollhom
nsejħu "ħitan kollha,"

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li jfisser li hemm ħafna
mogħdijiet differenti,

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li tista 'tagħmel differenti ħafna
affarijiet bis-softwer.

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>> Mhuwiex biżżejjed biss biex ikunu jistgħu jiksbu
beda faċilment u jagħmlu affarijiet kumplessi

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jekk kulħadd qed jagħmel l-istess ħaġa.

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Aħna rridu li jkollhom toroq differenti ħafna
għaliex nafu nies differenti jkollhom

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interessi differenti,
u ridna kulħadd

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biex ikunu jistgħu jaħdmu fuq proġetti li
kiber minn interessi tagħhom stess.

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>> JOHN MALONEY: Nixtieq
ngħid li aħna probabbilment -

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there's - aħna meqjusa madwar 10 darbiet
aktar kmandi u karatteristiċi milli jkollhom

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qatt spiċċaw fil Scratch.

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Aħna jkollhom bla tmiem
dibattiti dwar eżattament dak

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kliem li jitpoġġew fuq blokki u
affarijiet simili jekk il-default

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direzzjoni tal-sprites
għandu jkun jew lejn il-lemin.

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Allura aħna ħsibt dwar kollha ta 'dawn l-affarijiet,
speċjalment l-esperjenzi bikrija ħafna

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li n-nies ikollhom
ma scratch u jippruvaw

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biex tagħmel dan hekk li l-affarijiet jista 'jkun
skoperti biss bl-esperimentazzjoni.

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>> MITCH Resnick: Meta konna
ewwel tfassil Scratch,

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udjenza fil-mira tagħna kien etajiet 8-16.

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JOHN MALONEY: Fuq il-
tarf baxx ta 'l-ispettru,

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sibna li gidjien ħafna iżgħar kienu
użu Scratch minn aħna qatt antiċipat.

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I still remember wieħed - l-ewwel
Jum Scratch, naħseb, li kellna,

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dan Guy ftit sitt sena qodma daħal pulzieri

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Fit-tarf ta 'fuq, stajt kien sorpriż
fuq, per eżempju, l-użu ta 'Scratch

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fil-klassijiet kulleġġ bħal CS50
għaliex aħna ma verament

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jaħsbu Scratch bħala lingwa għall-
tagħlim tax-xjenza tal-kompjuter lejn kompjuter

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xjentisti.

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>> Ieħor sorpriża huwa kif
ħafna adulti qed jużawh.

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We sabu li persuni li huma
bħal programmaturi full-time

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igawdu programmazzjoni
Scratch bħala tip ta 'passatemp.

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U hekk aħna stajt tidher nies
fuq il-websajt Scratch

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joħolqu proġetti li jagħmlu, per eżempju,
ray traċċar sistemi tirrendi 3-D.

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I ma setax jemmen din meta rajt dan.

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>> MITCH Resnick: Kif aħna
bdiet taħdem fuq Scratch,

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irridu li jagħmilha differenti minn
lingwi ta 'programmar ta' qabel

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sabiex jagħmilha aċċessibbli
għal firxa ferm usa 'ta' nies.

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Allura kellna tliet prinċipji ta 'gwida ewlenin.

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L-ewwel, irridu li jagħmlu
aktar 'tinker kapaċi,

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sabiex inti tista 'tibni up programmi ħafna
bħal tqegħid briks Lego flimkien.

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Allura kellna l-ipprogrammar viżwali
blokki li snap flimkien.

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It-tieni nett, irridu
biex in-nies jaħdmu

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fuq proġetti aktar sinifikanti, l-affarijiet
li kienu personalment rilevanti għalihom.

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C'est pourquoi nagħmlu
Scratch hekk rikki-media.

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>> It-tielet nett, irridu li jagħmlu
aktar soċjali għaliex inti

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jafu ħafna mill-aħjar
esperjenzi ta 'tagħlim

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ġejjin meta aħna jinteraġixxu ma 'oħrajn.

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Allura aħna miżjud online l Scratch
komunità mill-bidu nett,

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dritt meta varajna l-
software sabiex in-nies

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jkollhom udjenza
għall-kreazzjonijiet tagħhom

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u wkoll tikseb ispirati minn
liema nies oħra maħluqa.

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Minħabba li aħna imnedija Scratch, hemm
kienu madwar 4.5 miljun proġetti

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li ġew maqsuma
fuq il-websajt Scratch.

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>> JOHN MALONEY: So I
effettivament maż-proġett

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minn tip ta 'nota għal Mitchell.

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I talbu li jissieħbu meta smajt
dwar dan għaliex ħsibt

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li kienet se tkun tali jibred
ħaġa, u jien ridt li jgħinu.

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Iżda lingwa favorit tiegħi
kien Smalltalk, u I

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kien għen tiżviluppa din il-verżjoni
tal Smalltalk imsejħa Squeak.

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So I qal, ukoll, I ser
ġejjin u jagħmlu dan ix-xogħol

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sakemm I tista 'tibni fil Squeak.

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U Mitchell qal, oh żgur, I
ma 'kura dak li huwa magħmul pulzieri

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Just jagħmluha taħdem.

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U hekk li kif ltqajna
jinkiteb Squeak.

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>> Allura ma Scratch 2.0, aħna
ħsibt li aħna kieku

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jippruvaw jagħmlu Scratch jilħqu lill-aktar
nies billi jagħmilha app sħaba bbażata fuq.

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U għalkemm kien hemm verżjoni
ta Squeak li dam fil-browser,

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huwa meħtieġ tniżżil
u installazzjoni ta 'plug-in.

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U aħna kien jaf li ħafna nies
jkollhom problemi tagħmel dan,

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jew minħabba li kien
proċess ikkumplikat

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jew minħabba li l-amministrazzjoni tagħhom fil tagħhom
iskola jew kwalunkwe ma tippermettix dan.

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Allura ridna xi ħaġa li kienet
tip ta 'mibnija fil-browsers

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jew kien tip ta 'kontumaċja
hemm fuq browsers aktar.

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>> Aħna kkunsidrati Java.

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Aħna kkunsidrati Silverlight.

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Aħna meqjusa JavaScript,
u aħna meqjusa Flash.

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F'dak il-punt, Flash kienet
verament fuq l-avvanz.

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Adobe kien verament timbuttah, u
aħna kienu għadhom ma jafux, tafu,

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li kienet se tkun din il-problema
fuq IOS u tagħmir mobbli u oħrajn.

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Allura aħna marru ma 'Flash, u
retrospettivament, tafu,

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li kieku stajt forsi kien nicer
jekk aħna'd marret ma JavaScript

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għaliex thats issir
l-lingwa dominanti.

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>> Imma jien ma naħsibx li hemm
kwalunkwe mod nistgħu possibilment

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raw l-affarijiet kollha li kienu
se jibdlu bejn dakinhar u llum.

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Huwa jieħu tliet snin jew hekk biex
jitqiegħdu flimkien xi ħaġa bħal din,

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sabiex inti tagħmel raden tiegħek aħjar
u tama għall-aħjar.

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>> MITCH Resnick: Wieħed mill-ġdid tagħna
proġetti huwa msejjaħ Junior Scratch,

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jippruvaw li jkollhom Scratch go
sa gidjien anke iżgħar.

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Huwa qed mmirata età
06:55-il sena,

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bħall kindergarten għat-tieni grad.

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L-ewwel verżjoni ta '
se tkun fuq l-iPod,

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u qed nippjanaw li jkollhom dan jasal
fl-nofs tal-2014.

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Allura Scratch Junior se jkun
kemmxejn mnaqqsa verżjoni.

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Hija ser ikollhom kemmxejn
karatteristiċi inqas u wkoll

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tagħmel l-affarijiet aktar developmentally
xierqa għat-tfal iżgħar.

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>> JOHN MALONEY: I igawdu l-fatt
li Scratch 2.0 speċjalment

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huwa tip ta segretament ogħla
prestazzjoni milli suppost jista 'jimmaġina.

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Konvenzjonalment, meta int tagħmel
animazzjonijiet u oħrajn,

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int limitata għall-qafas
rata tal-- tip ta 'l-aġġornament

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rata tal-iskrin, u konna
mfassla hija deliberatament

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sabiex biss ma
ftit kull frame

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b'tali mod li jekk inti tgħidli ripetuti
10 mossa 10, inti fil-fatt

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jarawha timxi f'10 ftit
pass - 10 f'inkrementi ftit.

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>> Madankollu, hemm tip ta '
-mod moħbija, imsejħa modalità turbo,

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li tista 'tikseb mill-
Shift-tikklikkjaw fuq il-bandiera aħdar,

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u li bażikament tikri
run tip ta 'malajr kemm jista'.

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Allura dan huwa dak li ihallik tagħmel
affarijiet bħall-tracer ray,

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u inti ma għandekx -
il-tracer ray oriġinali,

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inti kellhom jistennew madwar nofs
siegħa biex tara r-riżultati minħabba li

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kienet tip ta 'chugging
permezz frame wieħed kull darba.

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Iżda bil-Shift-Ikklikkja
ħaġa, inti tista 'tikseb ir-riżultati

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fil xi ħaġa simili 20 sekonda.

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Allura, kollha f'daqqa, inti tista 'tagħmel sort
affarijiet livell ta 'għoli fil Scratch,

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imma hija karatteristika moħbija.

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