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>> [Daqq tal-mużika]

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>> DAVID Malan: Dan huwa CS50, u
dan huwa l-bidu ta 'tmien ġimgħat.

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U aħna qed hekk eċċitati li jilqgħu
lura, sorpriża kbira, Ramon CS50 stess

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00:00:17,510 --> 00:00:22,160
Galvan, anzjan żieda li kien
infiq l-aħħar diversi xhur

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minn Lulju fil LA, fil Hollywood,
litteralment jaħdmu fuq marka ġodda tat-TV

8
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juru imsejħa Colony, il-kreatur ta 'liema
huwa attwalment alumi Harvard innifsu.

9
00:00:31,930 --> 00:00:36,610
U hekk aħna qed eċċitati ħafna biex tara dan
debutt fuq in-netwerk USA din Jannar.

10
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Sabiex tissospendi sintonizzat għal dan, u għall
aktar Ramon għall-ġimgħat li ġejjin.

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>> Kun af issa li t-tmiem huwa qrib.

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U dak li dan ifisser huwa li ma jkunx hemm
kollha li ħafna xellug tal CS50, imdejjaq ngħid.

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Għandna biss tlieta problema
settijiet left-- hemm

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problema sett six-- li huwa
idejk issa jew dalwaqt se jkunu,

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lest aktar tard din week-- huwa maħsub biex jimtela
dinjiet tagħna ta 'kmand tal-linja, fejn

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aħna ħadthom jintefqu ħafna mill-ħin tagħna jużaw
C, u d-dinja ta 'programmazzjoni web.

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Well, inti taf tara ħafna ideat
mislufa mill-ħidma linja tal-kmand,

18
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iżda wkoll ħafna ta 'ġodda
u ideat interessanti

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li huma wkoll ser ikunu germane għall
applikazzjonijiet mobbli u għat-teknoloġija,

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b'mod aktar ġenerali, li magħhom inti
guys huma kollha familjari llum

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fuq laptops u telefowns u simili.

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>> Allura inti ser timplimenta mhux
paġna web, jew websajt

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per se, iżda web server attwali.

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Inti se jikteb il-bqija ta 'web server
miktub fl C, li l-għan fil-ħajja

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huwa li jirċievu talbiet HTTP, dawk
pakketti virtwali inżommu nitkellmu

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dwar, u effettivament tirrispondi jew ma
xi content-- statiku bħal dot HTML

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fajl, jew tikka JPEG jew
kwalunkwe numru ieħor ta 'fajls,

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jew saħansitra fajl PHP biha web tiegħek
server se tinterpreta dan PHP

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kodiċi u bżiq out-riżultati.

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Issa, konna sakemm illi inti ma
pjuttost ftit ta 'qafas

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għall it-- tabilħaqq l-
kodiċi ta 'distribuzzjoni għall-problema

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sett sitt huwa aktar minn 1,000 linji twil,
Ħafna li huwa kummenti, bħala l fair--

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iżda dan huwa tassew maħsub
li huwa opportunità

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li tinkiseb idejk għadis maħmuġ
fi proġett pjuttost kbir

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li konna ħafna speċifikament
minquxin out biċċiet ta 'għalik,

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b'tali mod li verament meta inti ħruġ CS50 u
jidħlu fid-dinja reali ta 'programmazzjoni

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u jridu dabble fil
kwalunkwe numru ta 'proġetti,

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inti ser ikollok ħafna akbar
kumdità tniżżil xi sors

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kodiċi, xi sors miftuħ
proġett fuq il-web,

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idrokarburi, u għadis u jagħmlu
bidliet li tara xieraq.

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Problema stabbiliti seba se jkun ta 'madwar
jagħmlu web-based applikazzjoni tiegħek

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li jieħu kontribuzzjonit dinamika u
tipproduċi output dinamika fil-forma

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ta 'websajt' etrade.com simili.

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U l-problema stabbilita tmien se tiffoka fuq għadhom
lingwa oħra magħrufa bħala JavaScript.

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>> Sadanittant, l-aħħar
proġett huwa fuq l-orizzont.

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L-hekk imsejħa pre-proposta
huwa dovut ġimgħa mil-lum.

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Pre-proposal-- kull l-ispeċifikazzjoni,
li hija fuq website-- CS50 s

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hija opportunità pretty każwali għall
inti tibgħat email pretty qosor

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li sħabi tagħlim tiegħek
biss li tinforma lilu

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jew tagħha ta 'dak li qed jaħsbu, li
użu dwarha bħala mezz ta 'ġbir.

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U jkollhom sanità check--
jekk int taħseb

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dwar gdim off wisq
kemm jew forsi ftit wisq,

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jew forsi ikollok ebda idea tkun xi tkun
u jridu jimpenjaw ruħhom fil-konverżazzjoni.

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>> Wara hija proposta
u rapport tal-istatus,

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l-hekk imsejħa hackathon CS50 hawn fil
Cambridge għall Harvard u Yale istudenti

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bl-istess mod.

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Il-proġett aħħari
implimentazzjoni huwa imbagħad lejn.

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U mbagħad CS50 ġust hawn, fil Cambridge,
kif ukoll ieħor fi New Haven.

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Allura l-proposta, tagħti ħarsa lejn
il-websajt għall dawk id-dettalji.

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>> Iżda aktar excitingly, wisq, huwa
opportunità li tikseb idejk maħmuġin,

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u imħuħ tiegħek miftuħa lill-impjegati whole
mazz ta 'suġġetti u għodod

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u tekniki li huma anċillari
li sillabu qalba tal-kors, l

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iżda madankollu relatati.

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U wkoll skaluni isbaħ għal
tagħmel proġetti finali verament jibred li

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jmorru lil hinn sew mill-materjal konna koperti
formalment problema settijiet jew lecture.

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Allura jmorru għall-websajt CS50 għall
l-roster kollu ta 'seminars.

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Jekk inti ma tirreġistra għadhom, li l-multa.

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Jimxi 'l quddiem u jiffirmaw xorta u aħna se
segwitu ma 'rabta streaming live,

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il-jum u l-ħin huwa fuq il-websajt.

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U kollox se jkun
rreġistrati u mqiegħda online

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jekk inti ma tistax tagħmel il-
partikolari ġranet u ħinijiet.

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>> Fir-rigward dak li jinsab quddiem thereafter-- ukoll,
naturalment, hemm il-hackathon CS50.

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Dan ir-ritratt, irtirar, minn żero ġimgħa meħuda
madwar 4:00 waħda filgħaxija fl-aħħar snin.

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Il CS50 ġust, li għal darb'oħra
se ssir fiż-żewġ ibliet.

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U mbagħad, biss għall-pjanti l-
żerriegħa, anke jekk aħna xorta

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ikollu xahar plus xellug tal semestru, jekk
inti tixtieq li jissieħbu tagħlim CS50 stess

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persunal, u inti tixtieq li tibda
ħsieb dwar issir CA,

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jew sħabi tagħlim, jafu li
aħna ser jibda jitkellem aktar dwar dak

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aktar tard din semestru.

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Iżda isaffru hawn huwa
aktar tat-tim din is-sena.

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>> U għalhekk, PHP-- u I kien tant imdejjaq
aħħar ġimgħa li [? Allyse?] Ġentilment

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marru għall-isforz ta 'jkollna
us dawn props isbaħ

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li jien ma tispiċċa bl-użu, u għalhekk
verament biss ħares tip ta 'stupid

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li kellna pala seduta hawn kollha
jum aħħar Erbgħa, u mgħarfa ftit.

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Iżda dan kien metaforika tiegħi
mod ta 'tipprova żebgħa

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l-istampa ta 'għaliex aħna qed transizzjonijiet
minn C għal lingwa bħal PHP.

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U l-istess jista 'jingħad dwar kull
Numru ta 'languages-- Java, Python, Ruby

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jew għenieqed ta 'others-- iżda billi fl
C, per eżempju, kitba ta 'programm C

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jista 'tipikament ikun simili
teħid ta 'mgħarfa bħal dan

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u tħaffir toqba fil-
art, fir-ramel jew il-ħmieġ.

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PHP tippermetti li tieħu ħafna
gdim akbar barra mill-problema,

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miktub ferm inqas kodiċi
użu ta 'għodda ferm iżgħar,

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għaliex hemm daqstant aktar
funzjonalità għaqqadtu fil.

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>> Issa, kieku konna verament drammatiku,
aħna'd jkollhom xi ħaġa li pala

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hawn, iżda dan ikun hekk.

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Sadanittant, l-ieħor
metafora aħna ħarāet bil

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huwa, ovvjament, inti tista
jużaw xi ħaġa bħal wrench

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martell fil xi ħaġa bħal dwiefer.

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Iżda naturalment, id-dritt
għodda għall-użu huwa għaddej

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li mhux tant il-
lingwa imsejħa C--

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u issa I biss imdejqa
[? Sanders,?] Probabbilment,

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aħna ser jiffissaw dak later-- hekk
l-għodda dritt li jużaw spiss

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mhux se tkun
din l-għodda iktar livell baxx.

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U fil-fatt, C ma tkunx lingwa li
ħafna minnkom qatt ser tuża,

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jew għandhom neċessarjament jużaw mill-ġdid.

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>> U fil-fatt, ftit
secret-- il-ħin biss

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I użu C myself hija pjuttost bejn
Settembru u Diċembru ta 'kull waqgħa

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semestru.

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U dan għaliex aħna
jużawha bħala opportunità

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biex jgħallmu l-prinċipji fundamentali
ta 'programmazzjoni,

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u magħha kompjuter
fundamentali xjenza, data

112
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strutturi, algoritmi u l-
like-- iżda malajr ħafna se inti

113
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tara issa li l-sintassi
u l-ideat sottostanti C

114
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huma tant wonderfully
trasferibbli għal aktar modern

115
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lingwi ta 'livell ogħla, bħall
PHP u Python u Perl u Java

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u Għan-C-- attwalment, mhux tant
Għan-C-- iżda Swift, dawn aktar ġodda

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lingwi li ħafna minnkom se
imbagħad dabble miegħek proġett finali.

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>> Allura mingħajr aktar dewmien, ejja fil-fatt
użu PHP biex isolvu xi problemi.

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Ifakkar li kmieni, l-aħħar
ġimgħa, aħna biss użati CS50 IDE,

120
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aħna kiteb programm ftit dinky
li biss qal, "Hello dinja."

121
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U mbagħad I meħlusin fil
fajl imsejjaħ hello.php.

122
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U mbagħad I dam dan il-kmand.

123
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>> U għaliex?

124
00:06:08,080 --> 00:06:09,900
Bl-Ingliż, x'inhu għaddej hawn?

125
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X'kienet I tagħmel meta
I dam dan il-kmand?

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>> Yeah?

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>> UDJENZA: Hemm xi PHP funzjoni
li taqra dak li in-- jifhem li.

128
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DAVID Malan: Good, hemm xi funzjoni
PHP-- u let me tkun aktar speċifika,

129
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hemm program imsejjaħ PHP, a.k.a.

130
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Interpretu, li jifhem
il-kontenut tal hello.php,

131
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u tinterpreta dan fuq għal
qiegħ, xellug għal-lemin,

132
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u ma dak dawk jikkmanda jgħidu.

133
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Il-kmandijiet fil hello.php, naturalment,
huwa biss sors code-- funzjonijiet

134
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u l-varjabbli u loops u
bħalhom, li aħna lilna nfusna

135
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bdew kitba fil-PHP.

136
00:06:37,460 --> 00:06:40,240
>> Iżda b'differenza Ċ, li hija
lingwa ikkumpilata,

137
00:06:40,240 --> 00:06:42,810
PHP inti biss jiktbu dan, u run.

138
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Inti skip dak il-pass middleman ta
dan jinbidel biex żerijiet u dawk,

139
00:06:46,420 --> 00:06:47,790
u mbagħad ġestjoni tiegħu.

140
00:06:47,790 --> 00:06:50,510
U għalhekk dak li huwa rasu 'dan?

141
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Għaliex aħna taqbeż il-pass?

142
00:06:52,690 --> 00:06:55,238
Għaliex lingwi aktar moderni
tendenza li skip dan il-pass?

143
00:06:55,238 --> 00:06:58,880

144
00:06:58,880 --> 00:07:01,220
Liema kienet l-benefiċċju?

145
00:07:01,220 --> 00:07:02,080
>> Jew biss intuwittivament?

146
00:07:02,080 --> 00:07:04,200
Anki jekk aħna ħadthom ma
miktub kemm PHP qabel,

147
00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:07,210
x'hemm benefiċċju dwar li ma
kumpilazzjoni kodiċi tiegħek taħseb?

148
00:07:07,210 --> 00:07:08,520
Nru?

149
00:07:08,520 --> 00:07:09,610
Mhux jikkommettu?

150
00:07:09,610 --> 00:07:11,350
Grif ras tiegħek?

151
00:07:11,350 --> 00:07:12,614
Yeah.

152
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>> UDJENZA: Aktar dinamiku.

153
00:07:13,600 --> 00:07:14,683
>> DAVID Malan: Aktar dinamiku?

154
00:07:14,683 --> 00:07:16,032
Dak li jfisser?

155
00:07:16,032 --> 00:07:17,000
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]

156
00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:20,349

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DAVID Malan: OK, tajba, sabiex
jiddependi fuq il-kontribut,

158
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inti ma għandekx li josservawha kull darba.

159
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U huwa verament huwa kif
Sempliċi kemm that-- dak

160
00:07:24,990 --> 00:07:26,990
huwa l-punt ta 'tkomplija
biex jikkompilaw kodiċi tiegħek?

161
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Dan huwa biss pass thats
making-- dan jeħtieġ,

162
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għall-aħħar diversi
ġimgħat, id-doppju passi

163
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kif biss running program tiegħek.

164
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Huwa kien utli li jara li inti
tara xi messaġġi ta 'żball u oħrajn,

165
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iżda huwa għadu biss pass annoying.

166
00:07:38,720 --> 00:07:41,810
>> U hekk programmaturi realizzati
matul iż-żmien, għaliex ma we

167
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tibda tikteb lingwi li ma jkunux
bżonn li pass pjuttost mekkaniku,

168
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sabiex tkun tista tikteb biss
kodiċi tiegħek u run.

169
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Imma dak kien il-prezz
li rajna aħna mħallsa

170
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ġimgħa li għaddiet, ma eżempju wieħed partikolari?

171
00:07:50,910 --> 00:07:51,650
Iva?

172
00:07:51,650 --> 00:07:52,370
>> Veloċità.

173
00:07:52,370 --> 00:07:54,690
So [? x'hemm?] interpreti
ftit aktar bil-mod,

174
00:07:54,690 --> 00:07:57,330
f'dak żerijiet u dawk li huma
sbieħ u veloċi għal kompjuter

175
00:07:57,330 --> 00:08:00,070
biex jinftiehem, minħabba li l-
Intel CPU, jew kwalunkwe huwa,

176
00:08:00,070 --> 00:08:03,070
biss jifhem x'inhu għaddej
fuq ma 'dawk mudelli ta' bits.

177
00:08:03,070 --> 00:08:05,370
Billi interpretu
huwa programm li verament

178
00:08:05,370 --> 00:08:07,980
għandu jaqra s-sors ascii
kodiċi li għandek bil-miktub,

179
00:08:07,980 --> 00:08:12,700
u jinqaleb, biex ngħidu hekk, jew
figura kif li tikkonverti finalment

180
00:08:12,700 --> 00:08:13,525
li żerijiet u dawk.

181
00:08:13,525 --> 00:08:15,650
Allura hija biss tieħu ftit
daqsxejn ta 'hit prestazzjoni.

182
00:08:15,650 --> 00:08:16,858
Allura huwa daqsxejn ta 'kompromess.

183
00:08:16,858 --> 00:08:21,570
Issa jekk nagħmlu dan minn hawn, let me
imorru quddiem u jagħmlu eżempju kif ġej.

184
00:08:21,570 --> 00:08:26,610
Jekk immur fil hawn, fajl ġdid, jien ser
biex jiffrankaw din darb'oħra huwa hello.php.

185
00:08:26,610 --> 00:08:31,450
U issa jien se jimxi 'l quddiem
u jgħidu, "print Hello dinja" -

186
00:08:31,450 --> 00:08:35,130
u jfakkru li nista 'nuża print, jien ma
għandek tuża print-F. U issa l hawn,

187
00:08:35,130 --> 00:08:42,039
jekk I do PHP ta hello.php, I huh--
ma jidhirx li interpretawha.

188
00:08:42,039 --> 00:08:43,412
What did I do wrong?

189
00:08:43,412 --> 00:08:44,710
>> UDJENZA: Il-brazzuletti angolata.

190
00:08:44,710 --> 00:08:47,015
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, inti għandek bżonn
dak l-angolu bracket top up.

191
00:08:47,015 --> 00:08:49,390
Allura huwa tip ta 'annoying, iżda
inti jidraw lilha malajr.

192
00:08:49,390 --> 00:08:53,500
Jekk ikolli biex jikteb il-kodiċi PHP, I
ġeneralment jeħtieġu li tgħid il-programm,

193
00:08:53,500 --> 00:08:56,950
jew tgħid il-interpretu, ħej
PHP, hawnhekk jidħol xi kodiċi PHP.

194
00:08:56,950 --> 00:09:00,440
U mbagħad għal miżura tajba, nixtieq
qrib dan ma ma 'dan, iżda pjuttost

195
00:09:00,440 --> 00:09:03,740
bil angolu marka biss kwistjoni
parentesi, b'tali mod li issa r hawn,

196
00:09:03,740 --> 00:09:06,840
jekk I run dan mill-ġdid, issa
I tikseb ir-riżultat mixtieq.

197
00:09:06,840 --> 00:09:09,820
>> Issa ejja do a search żgħir,
biss sabiex inti stajt tidher qabel.

198
00:09:09,820 --> 00:09:14,040
Dan huwa tip ta 'annoying li I
jiddekorri hello.php ispazju PHP,

199
00:09:14,040 --> 00:09:16,060
għaliex fil-passat I
tista 'biss tikteb dot slash

200
00:09:16,060 --> 00:09:17,560
isem tal-programm, li huwa tip ta 'sbieħ.

201
00:09:17,560 --> 00:09:19,420
Huwa tip ta 'esperjenza aħjar għall-utent.

202
00:09:19,420 --> 00:09:24,160
>> Għalhekk jirriżulta li inti tista 'tagħmel dan
fil PHP mal-I following--

203
00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:28,780
jista 'juża dan pjuttost cryptic
incantation fil-quċċata hawn,

204
00:09:28,780 --> 00:09:31,740
li ġeneralment tissejjaħ shebang,
li permezz tagħha din hija simbolu qawwi,

205
00:09:31,740 --> 00:09:34,270
biex ngħidu hekk, din hija bang
jew punt exclamation.

206
00:09:34,270 --> 00:09:38,490
U dan issa hija t-triq għal programm
fuq sistema Linux tipiċi li

207
00:09:38,490 --> 00:09:41,500
huwa msejjaħ ambjent, jew pakk.

208
00:09:41,500 --> 00:09:43,920
U dan line-- storja twila
short-- linja waħda biss

209
00:09:43,920 --> 00:09:48,710
jgħid, ħej kompjuter, isibu l-PHP
interpretu għalija fl-ambjent,

210
00:09:48,710 --> 00:09:50,610
jsibuha fil-memorja tiegħek, biex ngħidu hekk.

211
00:09:50,610 --> 00:09:54,130
>> U x'hemm sbieħ issa, huwa
li jekk jien jinżlu hawn,

212
00:09:54,130 --> 00:09:57,750
I tista 'tagħmel dot slash
bonjour dot PHP, or-- hmm.

213
00:09:57,750 --> 00:09:59,000
Permess miċħud.

214
00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:02,350
Well, inti taf tara aktar ta 'dan
bil-problema stabbiliti seba ', jekk inti

215
00:10:02,350 --> 00:10:04,060
ma jkunux diġà, ma permessi.

216
00:10:04,060 --> 00:10:06,510
Jirriżulta li għandi bżonn
sabiex tesegwixxi dan il-kmand

217
00:10:06,510 --> 00:10:10,779
imsejħa [? chamod?] għall-bidla
mode-- plus x hello.php.

218
00:10:10,779 --> 00:10:13,820
I bżonn [inaudible] dan wieħed addizzjonali
pass li javżak-kompjuter tiegħi,

219
00:10:13,820 --> 00:10:16,400
jagħmlu eżekutibbli hello.php.

220
00:10:16,400 --> 00:10:21,310
U issa jaraw dak happens-- dot
slash hello.php, hija biss tmur.

221
00:10:21,310 --> 00:10:23,310
I m'għandhomx bżonn li jispeċifikaw
l-interpretu aktar.

222
00:10:23,310 --> 00:10:26,680
U jien jista 'jagħmilha ferm prettier,
xorta, jekk I semmi mill-ġdid dan il-ħaġa.

223
00:10:26,680 --> 00:10:30,570
Jekk nimxi hello.php għal ftit
Hello-- hekk avviż fil-quċċata xellug,

224
00:10:30,570 --> 00:10:32,860
isem tal-programm huwa
tabilħaqq issa biss Hello.

225
00:10:32,860 --> 00:10:37,300
Issa I jista 'jagħmilha look like a program C,
anki jekk huwa miktub fil PHP--

226
00:10:37,300 --> 00:10:39,210
jew franchement kwalunkwe numru
ta 'lingwi oħra.

227
00:10:39,210 --> 00:10:41,480
>> Allura titjib marġinali,
ebda differenza funzjonali.

228
00:10:41,480 --> 00:10:44,460
Iżda huwa biss kurżità ftit
issa, sabiex inti tista 'tikteb programmi

229
00:10:44,460 --> 00:10:48,989
fi kwalunkwe lingwa, u l-utent ma
għandek tkun taf jew kura x'inhuma dawn huma.

230
00:10:48,989 --> 00:10:51,030
Well, ejja nħarsu lejn aktar
Eżempju konvinċenti issa

231
00:10:51,030 --> 00:10:52,850
li I bit-tarjola up-quddiem.

232
00:10:52,850 --> 00:10:54,955
U dan jissejjaħ quote.php.

233
00:10:54,955 --> 00:10:56,740
U huwa disponibbli online.

234
00:10:56,740 --> 00:11:00,299
U tinnota li huwa pjuttost short--
imma hija programm kmand linja li l-

235
00:11:00,299 --> 00:11:02,840
ser tħares up prezzijiet istokk
għalija, li huwa attwalment għaddejjin

236
00:11:02,840 --> 00:11:04,230
li jkun germane għall-problema stabbiliti sebgħa.

237
00:11:04,230 --> 00:11:05,396
>> Mela ejja ara dak li qed nagħmel.

238
00:11:05,396 --> 00:11:08,640
Fuq nett stajt ltqajna l-
miftuħa trade mark in kwistjoni parentesi PHP.

239
00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:13,372
Imbagħad I ħadthom ltqajna din il-linja, fejn I am
jeħtieġu fajl imsejjaħ functions.php--

240
00:11:13,372 --> 00:11:15,080
aħna qed tmur biex tara
aktar fuq dan ftit,

241
00:11:15,080 --> 00:11:17,340
iżda dan huwa simili C
verżjoni ta 'jaqtgħu jinkludu,

242
00:11:17,340 --> 00:11:19,090
fejn inti tixtieq li tmur
jinkludu fajl ieħor.

243
00:11:19,090 --> 00:11:23,720
PHP jitlob jirrikjedi, għalkemm
għandu wkoll jinkludi funzjoni.

244
00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:26,861
U jirriżulta li function.php hija
biss xi ħaġa I kiteb qabel klassi.

245
00:11:26,861 --> 00:11:29,860
I poġġih fl-istess direttorju, minħabba
Jien ridt li fattur out xi kodiċi

246
00:11:29,860 --> 00:11:31,800
li aħna tista 'tixtieq tuża xi mkien ieħor.

247
00:11:31,800 --> 00:11:34,560
>> Sadanittant, inti tista 'probabbilment
jiddeduċu x'inhu għaddej hawn.

248
00:11:34,560 --> 00:11:39,200
Dan huwa xi ftit differenti minn C-- iżda
liema do I jfisser minn tiżgura użu xieraq?

249
00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:41,180
Ittraduċi din teknikament aktar.

250
00:11:41,180 --> 00:11:45,950
Taħt liema ċirkostanzi am I
jaqtagħhom-programm, jew joħorġu?

251
00:11:45,950 --> 00:11:47,074
Yeah?

252
00:11:47,074 --> 00:11:47,990
>> UDJENZA: Meta inti ma għandekx
żewġ argumenti kmand linja.

253
00:11:47,990 --> 00:11:49,480
>> DAVID Malan: Meta I ma jkollhomx
għall-kmand argumenti linja.

254
00:11:49,480 --> 00:11:52,396
U ftakar li wieħed minn dawk
argumenti huwa l-isem tal-programm innifsu.

255
00:11:52,396 --> 00:11:55,340
U t-tieni se tkun
kelma oħra tip I wara l pront.

256
00:11:55,340 --> 00:11:57,460
Hekk biss bħal C, dan
huwa tiegħi mod ta 'verifika,

257
00:11:57,460 --> 00:12:00,022
ma l-utent jikkooperaw u
imexxu l-programm kif I maħsub?

258
00:12:00,022 --> 00:12:01,730
Issa, hemm xi ħaġa
differenti ftit

259
00:12:01,730 --> 00:12:04,020
ma C-- ewwel nett irridu
jkollhom dan is-sinjal dollaru,

260
00:12:04,020 --> 00:12:07,710
u x'ma jaħdimx dollaru
sinjal jindika fil-PHP?

261
00:12:07,710 --> 00:12:08,440
Just varjabbli.

262
00:12:08,440 --> 00:12:11,731
Li all-- biss varjabbli segwit minn
tkun xi tkun tixtieq li attwalment hija sejħa.

263
00:12:11,731 --> 00:12:14,000
Avviż hemm xi ħaġa
nieqsa mill-programm PHP tiegħi,

264
00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:18,210
biss bhalu kien nieqes aħħar
ġimgħa, versus C, li huwa dak?

265
00:12:18,210 --> 00:12:21,620
>> A tipi, iżda wkoll xi ħaġa oħra.

266
00:12:21,620 --> 00:12:26,409
M'hemm l-ebda ħaġa
function-- funzjoni prinċipali.

267
00:12:26,409 --> 00:12:27,450
M'hemm l-ebda funzjoni prinċipali.

268
00:12:27,450 --> 00:12:29,680
Inti biss tibda tikteb
kodiċi tiegħek mingħajr ma jkollhom

269
00:12:29,680 --> 00:12:32,790
għalfejn tinkwieta dwar pjuttost arbitrarja
konvenzjoni ta 'tismija xi nuqqas

270
00:12:32,790 --> 00:12:33,880
funzjoni prinċipali.

271
00:12:33,880 --> 00:12:36,720
Allura arg C huwa biss verament
varjabbli globali

272
00:12:36,720 --> 00:12:39,049
li l-interpretu
jagħmel disponibbli għalija.

273
00:12:39,049 --> 00:12:40,090
Issa, dan huwa interessanti.

274
00:12:40,090 --> 00:12:41,140
Sabiex tfittex up Jittieħed.

275
00:12:41,140 --> 00:12:43,370
Istokk sinjal dollaru huwa fuq il-
xellug, li l-varjabbli tiegħi.

276
00:12:43,370 --> 00:12:45,120
Min-naħa tal-lemin,
apparentement hemm

277
00:12:45,120 --> 00:12:50,270
funzjoni fl PHP imsejħa lookup li
Jien tgħaddi linja ta 'kmand tiegħi aħħar

278
00:12:50,270 --> 00:12:51,902
argument to-- ikun x'ikun l-kelma hija.

279
00:12:51,902 --> 00:12:53,610
U aħna ser tara kif dan
xogħlijiet fil-mument.

280
00:12:53,610 --> 00:12:55,380
>> U allura finalment jien rappurtar tal-prezz.

281
00:12:55,380 --> 00:12:58,650
Jien stampar ta wieħed
sehem tal tali u tali.

282
00:12:58,650 --> 00:13:02,082
U ftakar, dan huwa l-
mod PHP-- mod li PHP--

283
00:13:02,082 --> 00:13:04,290
fejn inti ma għandekx tagħmel
is-sinjal dollaru S aktar.

284
00:13:04,290 --> 00:13:06,782
Tista 'biss tuża ċineg kaboċċi
u plug f'xi varjabbli.

285
00:13:06,782 --> 00:13:09,240
Inti ma għandekx għalfejn tinkwieta dwar
użu printf bl-istess mod.

286
00:13:09,240 --> 00:13:13,530
>> U bħala twarrib, meta inti tpoġġi varjabbli
ġewwa tal kwotazzjonijiet doppja bħal dan,

287
00:13:13,530 --> 00:13:17,370
qed tuża teknika fancy
imsejħa interpolazzjoni varjabbli.

288
00:13:17,370 --> 00:13:20,380
Dan ifisser biss plagg l-varjabbli fil hawn.

289
00:13:20,380 --> 00:13:23,760
U bħala twarrib, xi wħud minnkom li ġejjin
minn sfondi programmazzjoni oħra,

290
00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:26,960
inti ma tistax tuża kwotazzjonijiet uniku
madwar kordi biex jagħmlu dan.

291
00:13:26,960 --> 00:13:30,290
Għandek tuża kwotazzjonijiet doppja għall
interpolazzjoni varjabbli li jaħdmu.

292
00:13:30,290 --> 00:13:32,740
Inkella inti ser litteralment
tara dawk braces kaboċċi.

293
00:13:32,740 --> 00:13:34,500
>> Allura fl-aħħar, ejja imorru quddiem u run dan.

294
00:13:34,500 --> 00:13:36,690
Let me jagħmlu terminal tiegħi ftit akbar.

295
00:13:36,690 --> 00:13:41,940
Let me imorru quddiem u run
ġewwa ta 'direttorju kwotazzjoni tiegħi.

296
00:13:41,940 --> 00:13:46,950
[? CDsource?] [? AM?]
[? quote?] quote PHP dot PHP,

297
00:13:46,950 --> 00:13:50,290
u jien ser tfittex xi ħaġa
bħal GOOG, li hija simbolu ticker tagħha,

298
00:13:50,290 --> 00:13:55,510
u sehem wieħed mill-isem ġdid tagħha,
Alfabett Inc, l-ispiża $ 717, mil-lum.

299
00:13:55,510 --> 00:13:58,680
Dritt kollox, jekk irridu li
run dan mill-ġdid, kulħadd

300
00:13:58,680 --> 00:14:02,600
jkollhom ticker oħra b'responsabbiltà
li tixtieq tfittex up?

301
00:14:02,600 --> 00:14:06,770
>> Microsoft naħseb huwa
dan wieħed, MSFT-- $ 53.

302
00:14:06,770 --> 00:14:09,720
Naħseb Yahoo huwa forsi dak.

303
00:14:09,720 --> 00:14:12,130
U Facebook huwa dak.

304
00:14:12,130 --> 00:14:13,740
>> Allura dak li huwa dan il-programm tagħmel?

305
00:14:13,740 --> 00:14:16,306
Il-maġija jidher li jkun minsuġ
f'dik il-funzjoni lookup.

306
00:14:16,306 --> 00:14:17,430
Mela ejja tagħti ħarsa.

307
00:14:17,430 --> 00:14:21,815
>> Jirriżulta li ma jaqax
ma PHP, huwa fil functions.php.

308
00:14:21,815 --> 00:14:23,690
U aħna mhux se jmorru permezz
dan f'dettall kbir,

309
00:14:23,690 --> 00:14:28,040
iżda tinnota l-kelma operattiva hawnhekk hija
li fuq il-linja sitta mill functions.php--

310
00:14:28,040 --> 00:14:29,440
I litteralment say funzjoni.

311
00:14:29,440 --> 00:14:31,050
I jispeċifika l-isem tal-funzjoni tiegħi.

312
00:14:31,050 --> 00:14:34,330
I imbagħad tispeċifika kwalunkwe
argumenti, jew il-parametri,

313
00:14:34,330 --> 00:14:36,480
Irrid dik il-funzjoni li take-- ebda tipi.

314
00:14:36,480 --> 00:14:37,580
U mbagħad I timplimentaha.

315
00:14:37,580 --> 00:14:39,240
>> U jien ser mewġa naħa tiegħi
fil-implimentazzjoni,

316
00:14:39,240 --> 00:14:42,115
peress li huwa dritt pjuttost avvanzat
issa, imma aħna ser tara mill-ġdid fil-fatt

317
00:14:42,115 --> 00:14:44,700
fil-ġimgħa fil-problema stabbiliti sebgħa.

318
00:14:44,700 --> 00:14:47,490
Imma nista 'tnaddaf dan up, wisq.

319
00:14:47,490 --> 00:14:49,590
I wkoll inklużi fil
kodiċi tal-lum verżjoni

320
00:14:49,590 --> 00:14:52,340
tal kwotazzjoni, li m'għandux fajl dot PHP.

321
00:14:52,340 --> 00:14:57,270
Minħabba dak li huwa preżumibbilment fl-
quċċata tal-programm imsejjaħ biss jikkwotaw?

322
00:14:57,270 --> 00:15:00,140
Li l-hekk imsejħa shebang-- l
incantation pjuttost cryptic

323
00:15:00,140 --> 00:15:04,590
li tgħid ssib PHP u mbagħad
run fuq kodiċi tiegħi hawn.

324
00:15:04,590 --> 00:15:07,360
>> Kull dritt, hekk li ġġib
ahna fejn aħna jitħalla 'off

325
00:15:07,360 --> 00:15:09,560
aħħar time-- għalkemm
xi eżempji aktar avvanzati.

326
00:15:09,560 --> 00:15:13,980
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet s'issa dwar
PHP jew dak li aħna qed tagħmel?

327
00:15:13,980 --> 00:15:15,570
No-- id-dritt.

328
00:15:15,570 --> 00:15:16,180
Yeah?

329
00:15:16,180 --> 00:15:19,610
>> UDJENZA: Ġewwa l-
Fajls HTML, do you--

330
00:15:19,610 --> 00:15:22,226
[? do you?] [? biss sejħa hija?]
a [inaudible] file PHP?

331
00:15:22,226 --> 00:15:23,350
DAVID Malan: Tajba kwistjoni.

332
00:15:23,350 --> 00:15:26,070
F'kuntest web, li aħna qed
litteralment dwar biex jgħaddi għal,

333
00:15:26,070 --> 00:15:28,028
inti ma jużawx l-hekk imsejħa
shebang fil-quċċata,

334
00:15:28,028 --> 00:15:31,980
minħabba li l-server-- web spiss
programm imsejjaħ Apache jew Microsoft

335
00:15:31,980 --> 00:15:37,470
IIS, Internet Information Server, jew
kwalunkwe numru ta 'software ieħor web server,

336
00:15:37,470 --> 00:15:40,636
jaf li meta jara
fajl dot PHP, li

337
00:15:40,636 --> 00:15:42,010
għandhom imexxu l-interpretu fuqha.

338
00:15:42,010 --> 00:15:43,468
Ma nħarsu lejn l-ewwel linja.

339
00:15:43,468 --> 00:15:45,580
Allura dan l-ewwel trick linja
huwa biss meta int

340
00:15:45,580 --> 00:15:48,330
miktub linja ta 'kmand programs--
li aħna mhux se tagħmel super spiss,

341
00:15:48,330 --> 00:15:52,510
imma hija mod tagħna ta 'bridging
Eżempji Ċ tagħna biex issa PHP tagħna.

342
00:15:52,510 --> 00:16:00,680
>> Mela ejja tabilħaqq titnaqqas id-dinja
mid-dinja linja ta 'kmand għall-web

343
00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:02,230
billi tagħmel dan li ġej.

344
00:16:02,230 --> 00:16:05,090
Let me imorru quddiem u tiġbed
minn hawn għal ftit mument.

345
00:16:05,090 --> 00:16:09,940
Mela jekk ikollna web server, jew pjuttost
jekk ikollna laptop tiegħi hawn fuq,

346
00:16:09,940 --> 00:16:11,280
li jiena ser tiġbed bħal dan.

347
00:16:11,280 --> 00:16:14,250
U hawn aħna għandna l-
internet f'xi forma.

348
00:16:14,250 --> 00:16:18,210
U mbagħad minn hawn, aħna għandna
server ta 'building--

349
00:16:18,210 --> 00:16:20,760
dan huwa kif l-internet
works-- u fil hawn

350
00:16:20,760 --> 00:16:23,120
huwa server ma 'xi dwal forsi.

351
00:16:23,120 --> 00:16:27,530
X'inhu attwalment għaddejjin
bejn dawn iż-żewġ konnessjonijiet?

352
00:16:27,530 --> 00:16:29,240
>> Allura f'dan il-bini huwa web server.

353
00:16:29,240 --> 00:16:31,420
Li jinsab biss kompjuter
li l-ġirja xi operattiva

354
00:16:31,420 --> 00:16:34,561
system-- forsi l-softwer b'xejn imsejjaħ
Apache, li CS50 IDE qed taħdem.

355
00:16:34,561 --> 00:16:36,310
Allura inti tista 'attwalment
think ta 'dan il-bini

356
00:16:36,310 --> 00:16:38,579
bħala l-bini
li CSt0 IDE huwa maħżun.

357
00:16:38,579 --> 00:16:40,870
Li meta lilkom kollha jkollhom
kontijiet, fejn lilkom kollha

358
00:16:40,870 --> 00:16:43,130
jkollhom web server tiegħek stess
tmexxija, lilkom kollha

359
00:16:43,130 --> 00:16:45,730
jkollhom URLs unika tiegħek stess,
kif bdejna biex jiddiskutu,

360
00:16:45,730 --> 00:16:47,280
u tkun taf tara aktar fil P. stabbiliti sitt.

361
00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:49,450
>> Hawn laptop tiegħi x'imkien
inkella fuq l-internet.

362
00:16:49,450 --> 00:16:54,550
U hekk meta I żjara URL li tappartjeni
lili, li t-traffiku internet huwa għaddej

363
00:16:54,550 --> 00:16:58,360
trasferiti għas-server, il-server
tirċievi HTTP request--

364
00:16:58,360 --> 00:17:02,900
bħal nikseb index.html u huwa
risposta għal dik il-paġna web.

365
00:17:02,900 --> 00:17:04,280
Allura dak l-paradigma ġenerali.

366
00:17:04,280 --> 00:17:07,089
Billi kollox up
sa issa lum, kollox

367
00:17:07,089 --> 00:17:09,660
kien qed jiġri biss fil-
konfini ta 'dan il-bini.

368
00:17:09,660 --> 00:17:12,910
I kienet qed tuża laptop tiegħi, iżda
I kienu konnessi mat CS50 IDE,

369
00:17:12,910 --> 00:17:17,369
sabiex kollha ta 'dawk il-programmi I kien għaddej
kien ġewwa ta 'dak is-server, hija stess.

370
00:17:17,369 --> 00:17:22,660
>> Imma issa, ejja nibdew użu mill-ġdid PHP
jiktbu xi programmi attwali li

371
00:17:22,660 --> 00:17:24,230
huma servuti minn web server.

372
00:17:24,230 --> 00:17:30,320
U biex tagħmel dan, jien se jmorru
fi mazz sħiħ ta 'eżempji

373
00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:33,710
li jintroduċu din l-idea hawnhekk.

374
00:17:33,710 --> 00:17:38,500
Allura dan huwa tip ta 'mod fancy ta
tiddeskrivi paradigma programmazzjoni.

375
00:17:38,500 --> 00:17:41,540
>> U fil-fatt, kif inti ħruġ CS50
jew jaħdmu fuq proġetti finali,

376
00:17:41,540 --> 00:17:43,520
jew jieħu xi isegwu
fuq il-klassi, inti ser tibda

377
00:17:43,520 --> 00:17:45,740
biex tara li l-world--
speċjalment wara li kibret

378
00:17:45,740 --> 00:17:48,300
mal-lingwi bħall C
li huma level-- super baxxi

379
00:17:48,300 --> 00:17:51,290
tirrealizza li hemm aħjar
modi ta 'kitba software.

380
00:17:51,290 --> 00:17:53,290
Hemm ċerti
mudelli inti tista 'ssegwi,

381
00:17:53,290 --> 00:17:57,640
ċerti mezzi ta 'organizzazzjoni fajls tiegħek
u modi ta 'ismijiet funzjonijiet tiegħek,

382
00:17:57,640 --> 00:18:00,300
sabiex storja twila fil-qosor,
id-dinja għandha toħroġ

383
00:18:00,300 --> 00:18:04,340
bil-mazz sħiħ ta 'akronimi
u ismijiet għall-modi ta 'programmazzjoni.

384
00:18:04,340 --> 00:18:06,260
Dawn huma biss tekniki inti tista 'tuża.

385
00:18:06,260 --> 00:18:09,660
>> U wieħed minnhom huwa msejjaħ MVC,
għall-Mudell View-Kontrollur.

386
00:18:09,660 --> 00:18:12,270
U dan huwa biss, għall
issa, l kkumplikati wisq

387
00:18:12,270 --> 00:18:18,960
mod ta 'tgħid kif għandek jistabbilixxu
websajt bbażata fuq PHP, fil-każ tagħna.

388
00:18:18,960 --> 00:18:22,140
Kif inti torganizza fajls tiegħek,
kif taħseb li torganizza loġika tiegħek,

389
00:18:22,140 --> 00:18:26,220
b'mod li jagħmilha aktar faċli biex
jiktbu websajts aktar ikkumplikati?

390
00:18:26,220 --> 00:18:28,550
U fil-fatt, aħna ser malajr
naslu s'hemm bil-p sett sebgħa.

391
00:18:28,550 --> 00:18:32,020
>> Allura fid-dinja ta 'MVC, int ser
biex tara li kodiċi tagħna tista ġeneralment

392
00:18:32,020 --> 00:18:38,290
ikunu kkaratterizzati bħala jew kodiċi mudell,
jew kodiċi kontrollur, jew kodiċi fehma.

393
00:18:38,290 --> 00:18:40,200
U jien ser
oversimplify bħala follows--

394
00:18:40,200 --> 00:18:42,074
il-kontrollur huwa l-
imħuħ tal-programm tiegħek,

395
00:18:42,074 --> 00:18:44,100
huwa fejn kollha ta 'l-
loġika interessanti jiġri.

396
00:18:44,100 --> 00:18:46,110
Hekk kollox aħna kont qed
miktub s'issa fil-klassi,

397
00:18:46,110 --> 00:18:48,210
huwa tip simili kontrollur
code-- huwa kontroll

398
00:18:48,210 --> 00:18:50,585
programm tiegħek, loops tiegħek, tiegħek
kundizzjonijiet, il-funzjonijiet tiegħek

399
00:18:50,585 --> 00:18:52,100
u l-varjabbli u dak kollu.

400
00:18:52,100 --> 00:18:56,160
>> Views, issa, ser tkun ftit
aktar ovvji fid-dinja tal-web.

401
00:18:56,160 --> 00:18:59,360
Veduta hija l-estetika
tal-website tiegħek.

402
00:18:59,360 --> 00:19:04,080
Huwa dak l-utent sees-- l-immaġini,
it-tabelli HTML, l-tags HTML, u kull

403
00:19:04,080 --> 00:19:08,220
ta 'dak, kollha ta' l-estetika fluffy
għalf li ma tkunx dik diffiċli li tikteb,

404
00:19:08,220 --> 00:19:11,380
imma huwa biss dak li qed jiġġeneraw,
huwa tal-opinjoni hekk imsejħa, l-estetika.

405
00:19:11,380 --> 00:19:13,880
U l-mudell, finalment, huwa se
li jkun stuff-- database li

406
00:19:13,880 --> 00:19:16,510
aħna ser tibda għadis fis kollha
Iktar ma din ir-Erbgħa.

407
00:19:16,510 --> 00:19:19,740
Allura kontrollur huwa l-loġika,
fehma hija l-għalf estetika,

408
00:19:19,740 --> 00:19:23,500
u l-mudell se jkun fejn
aħna jaħżen id-data attwali tagħna.

409
00:19:23,500 --> 00:19:26,410
>> Mela ejja nħarsu lejn dan aktar konkret
bl-eżempju li ġej.

410
00:19:26,410 --> 00:19:34,700
Jien se jmorru fil-direttorju tiegħi hawn
ta 'sors ta' llum code-- kollha

411
00:19:34,700 --> 00:19:35,770
huwa disponibbli online.

412
00:19:35,770 --> 00:19:37,800
U jien se jmorru fil-verżjoni żero.

413
00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:41,500
U hawn is-- ejja sejħa hija l-
Verżjoni żero ta 'website CS50 s.

414
00:19:41,500 --> 00:19:43,010
Hemm Ma tantx hawn fil-livelli kollha.

415
00:19:43,010 --> 00:19:46,810
Huwa page web sempliċi ħafna li l-
probabbilment jużaw dak HTML tags-- biss

416
00:19:46,810 --> 00:19:48,970
raden minn eżempji mill-passat?

417
00:19:48,970 --> 00:19:49,890
>> Dak X'inhu?

418
00:19:49,890 --> 00:19:53,920
H1-- probabbilment għal dik kbar grassa
titolu, li logo top up, CS50.

419
00:19:53,920 --> 00:19:55,080
U x'iktar huwa waqt il-loghob?

420
00:19:55,080 --> 00:19:55,799
Yeah?

421
00:19:55,799 --> 00:19:56,840
UDJENZA: lista unordered.

422
00:19:56,840 --> 00:19:59,990
DAVID Malan: list-- unordered hekk il
Tag UL u forsi ftit tags LI.

423
00:19:59,990 --> 00:20:01,840
U jekk inti ma tiftakarx dawn,
onestament ma jimpurtax.

424
00:20:01,840 --> 00:20:04,170
Dawn huma tip fluffy ta
dettalji tal-implimentazzjoni ta 'HTML

425
00:20:04,170 --> 00:20:06,378
li inti malajr tfittex up
u int lura fuq tiegħek mod.

426
00:20:06,378 --> 00:20:10,040
Aħna ser tiffoka aktar fuq l-ipprogrammar
ideat li huma l-biċċiet juicier.

427
00:20:10,040 --> 00:20:12,890
>> Mela ejja ħu quick
tħares lejn il-HTML-- u tabilħaqq

428
00:20:12,890 --> 00:20:16,880
jekk I jiftħu s-sors fehma hawn, Yup,
dan huwa eżattament x'inhu għaddej hawn.

429
00:20:16,880 --> 00:20:18,440
Hemm xi tag UL.

430
00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:20,630
Nested ġewwa ta 'dan huwa li tags LI.

431
00:20:20,630 --> 00:20:24,470
U mbagħad I mislufa il-URL
tal-sillabu attwali hawnhekk.

432
00:20:24,470 --> 00:20:27,570
>> U mbagħad fil-
lectures.php hija apparentement

433
00:20:27,570 --> 00:20:31,640
paġna oħra dinamiku iġġenerat
li għaddej biex ikollhom, ejja see-- ah,

434
00:20:31,640 --> 00:20:33,170
l-ewwel ġimgħatejn ta 'lecture.

435
00:20:33,170 --> 00:20:36,600
Allura ġimgħa żero u ġimgħa, ejja
ħarsa lejn this-- jekk nara sors paġna,

436
00:20:36,600 --> 00:20:38,120
wkoll super sempliċi.

437
00:20:38,120 --> 00:20:42,430
Dawn qed iwasslu għal żewġ paġni
imsejħa week0.php, u week1.php.

438
00:20:42,430 --> 00:20:44,040
Għalhekk tikkunsidra issa dak li qed jiġri.

439
00:20:44,040 --> 00:20:50,630
>> Meta I ikklikkja fuq week0.php, laptop tiegħi
qed tagħmel talba għal week0.php.

440
00:20:50,630 --> 00:20:53,700

441
00:20:53,700 --> 00:20:58,110
Il-web server, a.k.a., CS50 IDE,
qed tirċievi dak il-pakkett virtwali.

442
00:20:58,110 --> 00:21:01,040
Huwa jara messaġġ
bħal, jiksbu week0.php.

443
00:21:01,040 --> 00:21:05,060
Huwa mbagħad interpretazzjoni tal-fajl, top
għal isfel, xellug għal right---fajl

444
00:21:05,060 --> 00:21:07,720
imsejħa week0.php-- u
bżieq r-riżultati.

445
00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:10,510
Allura ġewwa ta 'dan il-fajl,
week0.php, għandu jkun

446
00:21:10,510 --> 00:21:15,410
il kontrollur tal-loġika li qed jiġġenera
dan HTML, u aħna ser dalwaqt tara li.

447
00:21:15,410 --> 00:21:19,340
>> Iżda għal issa, let me ikklikkja fuq żero ġimgħa,
u issa għandna l-Erbgħa u l-Ġimgħa,

448
00:21:19,340 --> 00:21:25,260
u issa għandna l-pjastri
bil-mod minn żero ġimgħa.

449
00:21:25,260 --> 00:21:27,400
U inti tista 'recall
dan mill-mod lura meta.

450
00:21:27,400 --> 00:21:29,340
Allura li kollox din il-websajt qed tagħmel.

451
00:21:29,340 --> 00:21:31,120
>> Mela ejja tikkunsidra kif dan qed jagħmel dan.

452
00:21:31,120 --> 00:21:34,290
Jien se jmorru lura fil-
kodiċi tas-sors hawn, fil CS50 IDE,

453
00:21:34,290 --> 00:21:36,660
u jien ser jiftħu index.php.

454
00:21:36,660 --> 00:21:38,910
Fil-quċċata ta 'dan il-fajl
huwa mazz ta 'kummenti.

455
00:21:38,910 --> 00:21:43,000
U allura fin-nofs ta 'dan il-fajl, it
jirriżulta, l-ebda kodiċi PHP tkun xi tkun.

456
00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:47,380
Għaliex jekk inti ma għandekx xi waħda minn dawn
parentesi miftuħa tags kwistjoni mark PHP,

457
00:21:47,380 --> 00:21:49,180
int ħieles li biss jitqiegħed HTML.

458
00:21:49,180 --> 00:21:51,480
>> Għaliex dak l-PHP
interpretu suppost tagħmel,

459
00:21:51,480 --> 00:21:53,938
huwa meta jgħid dan file--
fuq għal isfel, xellug għal right--

460
00:21:53,938 --> 00:21:59,100
dan tinterpreta biss kodiċi jara bejn
dawk parentesi angolu kwistjoni mark.

461
00:21:59,100 --> 00:22:02,380
U kull ħaġa oħra li ma
jirrikonoxxu bħala PHP, hija biss spits out.

462
00:22:02,380 --> 00:22:05,080
U HTML Huwa fost l-għalf
se biss bżiq out.

463
00:22:05,080 --> 00:22:09,090
>> Allura dan il-fajl jista 'jkollu
ġie msejjaħ index.html,

464
00:22:09,090 --> 00:22:11,690
imma jien tismija kollox
dot PHP bħala pass.

465
00:22:11,690 --> 00:22:15,960
Lectures.php-- simili
underwhelming, huwa biss xi HTML.

466
00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:19,840
Week0.php, b'mod simili biss ftit HTML.

467
00:22:19,840 --> 00:22:22,300
>> Imma issa ejja tpoġġi fuq il-
hat inġinerija proverbial,

468
00:22:22,300 --> 00:22:24,400
u jikkunsidraw kif nistgħu ntejbu dan.

469
00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:28,541
Mhuwiex diffiċli li tagħmel dan, imma jien xorta
tal devoluti fi kopja u paste.

470
00:22:28,541 --> 00:22:31,540
U fil-fatt, jekk nagħmel ġimgħatejn, inti
jafu dak li jien probabbilment se jagħmlu?

471
00:22:31,540 --> 00:22:34,940
Jien se jmorru biex week1.php, jien
ser jenfasizzaw kollox.

472
00:22:34,940 --> 00:22:39,110
Jien ser kopja, paste
fis-fajl ġdid imsejjaħ week2.php,

473
00:22:39,110 --> 00:22:42,440
tweak xi URLs, u tkun fit-triq tiegħi.

474
00:22:42,440 --> 00:22:45,240
>> Allura ibbażati fuq dak li konna
jidher fil C diġà,

475
00:22:45,240 --> 00:22:46,860
dan ma jħossx dritt, wieħed jittama.

476
00:22:46,860 --> 00:22:49,610
Kopja, paste rarament is-soluzzjoni dritt.

477
00:22:49,610 --> 00:22:51,429
Allura x'nistgħu nibdew
tagħmel biex ittejjeb din?

478
00:22:51,429 --> 00:22:53,345
Fejn huma l-opportunitajiet
għal disinn aħjar?

479
00:22:53,345 --> 00:22:56,890

480
00:22:56,890 --> 00:22:58,760
>> Saż-żmien I nikseb biex
tmien ġimgħa, li għaddej

481
00:22:58,760 --> 00:23:00,910
biex ikunu verament annoying
jekk I trid tibdel

482
00:23:00,910 --> 00:23:03,930
il-font ta 'kull wieħed mill-
paġni tiegħi, jew jekk nixtieq

483
00:23:03,930 --> 00:23:06,522
li jibdlu l-istruttura tal-format.

484
00:23:06,522 --> 00:23:08,396
Għalhekk, fejn l-opportunita
għal disinn aħjar?

485
00:23:08,396 --> 00:23:11,990

486
00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:15,160
Well, ejja jikkunsidraw x'hemm
maqsuma bejn kollha ta 'dawn il-fajls.

487
00:23:15,160 --> 00:23:21,696
>> Hawn ġimgħa, hawnhekk ġimgħa
żero, hawn lectures.php,

488
00:23:21,696 --> 00:23:25,790
hawn index.php-- dak li huwa l-istess u
dak li huwa differenti, madwar jitkellem,

489
00:23:25,790 --> 00:23:26,760
f'kull wieħed minn dawn il-fajls?

490
00:23:26,760 --> 00:23:30,560

491
00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:32,060
Yeah?

492
00:23:32,060 --> 00:23:34,560
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]

493
00:23:34,560 --> 00:23:41,244

494
00:23:41,244 --> 00:23:42,160
DAVID Malan: OK, tajba.

495
00:23:42,160 --> 00:23:46,115
Allura hemm mudell, żgur, fejn
kull darba I jagħżlu lecture I,

496
00:23:46,115 --> 00:23:48,250
Inkun jiġġeneraw
paġna li tħares simili ħafna.

497
00:23:48,250 --> 00:23:50,375
U hekk forsi I tista 'lieva
il-fatt li tassew,

498
00:23:50,375 --> 00:23:53,060
aħna deliberatament numerikament
indiċjati lectures-- tagħna

499
00:23:53,060 --> 00:23:55,290
jekk I tista 'tpoġġi aktar
kliem fil-tweġiba tiegħek.

500
00:23:55,290 --> 00:23:59,984
U dak huwa l-unika ħaġa, tassew,
li l-jinbidlu ġimgħa one--

501
00:23:59,984 --> 00:24:02,400
u let me iscroll hekk huwa
bejn wieħed u ieħor fl-istess place--

502
00:24:02,400 --> 00:24:05,480
hekk hawn huwa żero ġimgħa,
bejn wieħed u ieħor fil-quċċata.

503
00:24:05,480 --> 00:24:12,370
Hawnhekk huwa wieħed ġimgħa, Ġimgħa
żero, ġimgħa, zero ġimgħa.

504
00:24:12,370 --> 00:24:14,370
OK, litteralment jekk taf
ebda programm tkun xi tkun,

505
00:24:14,370 --> 00:24:16,286
issa dan huwa biss bħal
mudell tqabbil logħba.

506
00:24:16,286 --> 00:24:17,200
Allura x'hemm differenti?

507
00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:18,765
Yeah?

508
00:24:18,765 --> 00:24:19,777
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]

509
00:24:19,777 --> 00:24:22,360
DAVID Malan: Tajba, hekk it-titolu
qed tinbidel, dejjem hekk ftit.

510
00:24:22,360 --> 00:24:24,010
Zero ikun għaddej, naturalment, għal wieħed.

511
00:24:24,010 --> 00:24:25,570
L-istess ħaġa jiġri fil-lametta H1.

512
00:24:25,570 --> 00:24:28,790
U aħna ma pjuttost jarawha bħala faċilment,
minħabba li l-URLs huma ftit twil.

513
00:24:28,790 --> 00:24:30,670
Iżda dawk URLs qed jinbidlu xi ftit.

514
00:24:30,670 --> 00:24:34,490
>> Imma dak li mhux qed jinbidlu jiġifieri, DARE I
jgħidu, ħafna mill-kontenut tal-page--

515
00:24:34,490 --> 00:24:38,530
il-lametta HTML l-istess, il-kap hija
l-istess, it-titolu huwa kważi l-istess,

516
00:24:38,530 --> 00:24:40,659
il-korp huwa l-istess, u
kważi kollox

517
00:24:40,659 --> 00:24:42,450
huwa l-istess ħlief għall
dawk tweaks ftit.

518
00:24:42,450 --> 00:24:45,310
Allura kif nistgħu tmur dwar
factoring xi wħud minn dan out?

519
00:24:45,310 --> 00:24:48,740
>> Well let me tipproponi eżattament
li fil-verżjoni li jmiss.

520
00:24:48,740 --> 00:24:53,890
Allura hawnhekk fil-verżjoni waħda, għandi l-eżatt
istess files, flimkien ma 'koppja ta' oħrajn.

521
00:24:53,890 --> 00:24:59,730
Hawn index.php-- u anki jekk
inti stajt qatt dehru PHP qabel,

522
00:24:59,730 --> 00:25:05,511
dak li jien probabbilment jagħmlu biex issolvi din
problem-- ibbażati fuq dak li tara hawn?

523
00:25:05,511 --> 00:25:11,300

524
00:25:11,300 --> 00:25:12,760
Yeah, huwa li impenn żgħira?

525
00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:13,450
Nru?

526
00:25:13,450 --> 00:25:16,020
Iva, mur fuq.

527
00:25:16,020 --> 00:25:17,380
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]

528
00:25:17,380 --> 00:25:18,380
>> DAVID Malan: Yep.

529
00:25:18,380 --> 00:25:20,380
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]

530
00:25:20,380 --> 00:25:26,090

531
00:25:26,090 --> 00:25:28,669
>> DAVID Malan: I ħtieġa li inti
jitkellmu biss louder ftit.

532
00:25:28,669 --> 00:25:31,084
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]

533
00:25:31,084 --> 00:25:35,744

534
00:25:35,744 --> 00:25:36,660
DAVID Malan: OK, tajba.

535
00:25:36,660 --> 00:25:38,620
UI think-- kien
diffiċli biex tisma you-- imma I

536
00:25:38,620 --> 00:25:42,690
jaħsbu dak li qed jkollna lejn huwa li
l-tags li kienu komuni top up,

537
00:25:42,690 --> 00:25:47,710
u l-tags li kienu komuni fuq il-
qiegħ, issa ġew fatturati out,

538
00:25:47,710 --> 00:25:51,140
jew relegati liema fajls?

539
00:25:51,140 --> 00:25:53,476
Header.php u footer.php--
u aħna qed tmur

540
00:25:53,476 --> 00:25:55,600
biex tagħmel xi tweaks biex
indirizzat it-tħassib inti biss

541
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:59,370
tħassib dwar il-bdil numri, għal
eżempju, jekk I smajt inti korrett.

542
00:25:59,370 --> 00:26:02,060
>> Iżda dan jidher li jkun l-gist ta 'dan.

543
00:26:02,060 --> 00:26:04,820
Jekk kien hemm ammont kbir ta '
redundancy fil-quċċata tal-paġna,

544
00:26:04,820 --> 00:26:06,736
u ammont kbir ta '
redundancy fil-qiegħ,

545
00:26:06,736 --> 00:26:09,280
ejja litteralment biss jenfasizzaw
u maqtugħa li l-kontenut out,

546
00:26:09,280 --> 00:26:13,270
poġġih fil-file-- separata bħad
l-idea ta 'CSS, fejn aħna f'fatturi out

547
00:26:13,270 --> 00:26:16,710
estetika simili ħafna, tpoġġi
dan fil-fajl separat dot PHP,

548
00:26:16,710 --> 00:26:20,340
uża l-bżonn mechanism-- li
huwa simili C include-- qawwija li

549
00:26:20,340 --> 00:26:23,570
huwa essenzjalment simili qal tmur
grab-kontenut tal header.php,

550
00:26:23,570 --> 00:26:25,370
u kopja u paste lilhom hawnhekk.

551
00:26:25,370 --> 00:26:29,490
>> Imma dak li dan ifisser huwa li issa
index.php, għandi dawn iż-żewġ linji.

552
00:26:29,490 --> 00:26:32,130
Fil lectures.php, I wkoll
għandhom dawn iż-żewġ linji.

553
00:26:32,130 --> 00:26:35,230
Fil week0.php, I wkoll
għandhom dawn iż-żewġ linji.

554
00:26:35,230 --> 00:26:38,380
>> Allura issa, jekk I trid tibdel
it-titolu ta 'dak kollu paġni tiegħi,

555
00:26:38,380 --> 00:26:40,530
jew I tixtieq li tibdel il
istruttura fundamentali,

556
00:26:40,530 --> 00:26:44,380
I tista 'bidla issa biss f'post wieħed,
jew tnejn header places-- u footer,

557
00:26:44,380 --> 00:26:45,429
rispettivament.

558
00:26:45,429 --> 00:26:47,970
Issa l-kodiċi tal-bidu li tħares
ftit aktar cryptic, right?

559
00:26:47,970 --> 00:26:53,590
Imma jekk inti taħseb dwar dak il-paġna
huwa doing-- jekk jien titlob week0.php,

560
00:26:53,590 --> 00:26:59,880
bħad dwar it-tfassil fuq
here-- meta week0.php hija mitluba,

561
00:26:59,880 --> 00:27:00,960
xi tfisser?

562
00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:04,410
>> Litteralment, dan il-fajl huwa
mitlub mill-browser.

563
00:27:04,410 --> 00:27:06,240
Il-web server-- a.k.a.

564
00:27:06,240 --> 00:27:09,250
CS50 ID-- grabs dan
fajl, week0.php, u jaqra

565
00:27:09,250 --> 00:27:10,780
huwa fuq għal isfel, xellug għal-lemin.

566
00:27:10,780 --> 00:27:15,400
Fuq linja waħda, immedjatament jiltaqa
bracket miftuħa trade mark in kwistjoni PHP, jeħtieġu

567
00:27:15,400 --> 00:27:17,872
header dot PHP, u għalhekk
dak l-interpretu PHP

568
00:27:17,872 --> 00:27:20,580
does-- li l-mibnija fil-web
server, għaliex aħna preconfigured

569
00:27:20,580 --> 00:27:24,580
għal you-- li tmur awtomatikament
fis header.php, kopji l-kontenut,

570
00:27:24,580 --> 00:27:25,640
pejsts lilhom hawnhekk.

571
00:27:25,640 --> 00:27:28,790
>> Imma mbagħad il-laqgħat interpreti
kwistjoni marka bracket-qrib,

572
00:27:28,790 --> 00:27:30,320
għalhekk kollu jsir ħsieb.

573
00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:33,400
Issa hija biss bl-addoċċ spits
l-żewġ linji permezz sebgħa,

574
00:27:33,400 --> 00:27:35,240
għaliex huwa biss HTML prima.

575
00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:38,470
Gets għal-linja tmienja, u ma li
istess magic again-- ftuħ tal-fajl,

576
00:27:38,470 --> 00:27:41,460
ħtif-kontenut, u
billi teħtieġ jew pasta minnhom

577
00:27:41,460 --> 00:27:42,480
dritt allura jew hemmhekk.

578
00:27:42,480 --> 00:27:44,210
>> Imma I biss allużjoni għal bug.

579
00:27:44,210 --> 00:27:48,610
Dan huwa pass parzjali lura,
għaliex jekk inħarsu fil header.php,

580
00:27:48,610 --> 00:27:50,850
Stajt tip ta tnaqqas kantuniera.

581
00:27:50,850 --> 00:27:56,250
What karatteristika ma I jieqfu sabiex
biex jiksbu dan id-disinn aħjar dibattibbli?

582
00:27:56,250 --> 00:27:57,305
Yeah?

583
00:27:57,305 --> 00:27:58,180
UDJENZA: [inaudible]

584
00:27:58,180 --> 00:28:00,570
DAVID Malan: Yeah, I tip
ta tnaqqas kantuniera nontrivial.

585
00:28:00,570 --> 00:28:04,489
Inti enfasizzat li dak li kien qed jinbidlu
kien it-titolu, in-numru fit-titolu,

586
00:28:04,489 --> 00:28:05,530
u n-numru fil-H1.

587
00:28:05,530 --> 00:28:08,170
Allura soluzzjoni tiegħi kien, OK,
ejja biss semmi mill-ġdid il-paġna,

588
00:28:08,170 --> 00:28:10,080
u mhux tittratta dik
problema tkun xi tkun.

589
00:28:10,080 --> 00:28:12,130
Allura dak parzjali
pass lura għall-żgur.

590
00:28:12,130 --> 00:28:14,300
>> Imma dak li hu notevoli hawn
huwa li dak I għamlu

591
00:28:14,300 --> 00:28:17,200
huwa fatturati inkella
l-għalf komuni.

592
00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:21,520
U fl footer.php, avviż I f'fatturi
kollha ta 'dan, għalkemm inqas,

593
00:28:21,520 --> 00:28:22,790
Jittieħed komuni.

594
00:28:22,790 --> 00:28:26,070
So I bżonn li b'xi mod issa tkun tista '
tieħu pass ieħor 'il quddiem, u tiffissa

595
00:28:26,070 --> 00:28:27,160
li l-kwistjonijiet titolu.

596
00:28:27,160 --> 00:28:28,180
Mela ejja tagħmel dan.

597
00:28:28,180 --> 00:28:35,060
>> Let me go fis-tieni verżjoni tiegħi
hawn, li, għal darb'oħra, għandu l-istess fajls

598
00:28:35,060 --> 00:28:36,825
ħlief għal wieħed żieda ġdida.

599
00:28:36,825 --> 00:28:38,950
U huwa ftit aktar
verbose, imma ejja ara jekk irridu

600
00:28:38,950 --> 00:28:40,550
tista tease apparti x'inhu għaddej hawn.

601
00:28:40,550 --> 00:28:45,370
Allura minflok jeħtieġu
header.php, u footer.php,

602
00:28:45,370 --> 00:28:50,180
I jidhru li jeħtieġu wieħed biss
file-- imsejħa, naturalment, helpers.php.

603
00:28:50,180 --> 00:28:52,560
U let me jistipulaw issa,
x'hemm ġewwa tal helpers.php

604
00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:55,330
huwa biss mazz ta 'funzjonijiet
li I kiteb, bħad qabel.

605
00:28:55,330 --> 00:28:57,550
Imma I sejħitilha helpers.php.

606
00:28:57,550 --> 00:29:00,370
>> Issa apparentement, fil
linja tlieta u 10, jien

607
00:29:00,370 --> 00:29:02,840
sejħa żewġ functions--
tirrendi header, footer jirrendi.

608
00:29:02,840 --> 00:29:05,040
Dawk ma jaqgħux bl
PHP, I kiteb dawk myself.

609
00:29:05,040 --> 00:29:07,880
U jien jpoġġuhom fil helpers.php.

610
00:29:07,880 --> 00:29:11,210
>> Issa, konna biss raw dan sintassi
darba, u kien qasir super.

611
00:29:11,210 --> 00:29:15,330
Iżda din hija apparentement argument
li tirrendi header, il-funzjoni.

612
00:29:15,330 --> 00:29:16,450
Għaliex inkun naf li?

613
00:29:16,450 --> 00:29:18,522
Well Hawn paren qrib,
Hawn paren miftuħ.

614
00:29:18,522 --> 00:29:21,230
U ovvjament, bħal fil C,
xejn bejn dawk parentesi

615
00:29:21,230 --> 00:29:23,350
hija input-- jew
argument għall-funzjoni.

616
00:29:23,350 --> 00:29:26,710
>> X'inhu t-tip tad-data ta 'dan l-argument,
ibbażati fuq dak li stajt enfasizzat?

617
00:29:26,710 --> 00:29:30,820
What do dawk parenteżi kwadri
jindikaw, ibbażata fuq ġimgħa li għaddiet?

618
00:29:30,820 --> 00:29:33,390
Yeah, huwa ta 'array--
speċifikament firxa assoċjattiva.

619
00:29:33,390 --> 00:29:35,700
U dan sintassi ċertament
huwa funky ftit,

620
00:29:35,700 --> 00:29:38,860
iżda dan huwa biss tgħaddi
f'wieħed par valur essenzjali.

621
00:29:38,860 --> 00:29:43,530
Il-muftieħ huwa, kwotazzjoni unquote
titolu, u il-valur huwa CS50.

622
00:29:43,530 --> 00:29:46,220
>> Jekk aħna kienu għamlu dan
fis-C, jista 'minflok

623
00:29:46,220 --> 00:29:49,400
tħares aktar bħal dan,
biss quote unquote CS50--

624
00:29:49,400 --> 00:29:52,460
jew fil-fatt ikun kaboċċi
ċingi, jew xi ħaġa bħal dik fis-C,

625
00:29:52,460 --> 00:29:55,580
fejn il-muftieħ huwa żero,
u il-valur huwa CS50.

626
00:29:55,580 --> 00:29:59,840
Iżda għal darb'oħra, fil-PHP, anki jekk il-
sintassi hija, għal darb'oħra, ftit stramb,

627
00:29:59,840 --> 00:30:02,860
li jippermettilek li jgħaddu
kliem minflok ta 'numri

628
00:30:02,860 --> 00:30:05,120
għal ċwievet jassoċjaw mal-valuri.

629
00:30:05,120 --> 00:30:06,390
>> Allura dak li jfisser dan kollu jfisser?

630
00:30:06,390 --> 00:30:09,750
Jekk immur fis helpers.php,
ejja nħarsu lejn din il-funzjoni.

631
00:30:09,750 --> 00:30:13,620
renderHeader.php, aktar
renderHeader hija l-funzjoni tiegħi,

632
00:30:13,620 --> 00:30:16,220
u naf li minħabba nara
l-keyword funzjoni hawn.

633
00:30:16,220 --> 00:30:19,450
Dan huwa ġdid mill C-- it apparentament
jieħu argument imsejħa data--

634
00:30:19,450 --> 00:30:22,400
imma I setgħet sejjaħ dan
xejn, imma jien hija imsejħa data,

635
00:30:22,400 --> 00:30:25,090
biss li jkun clean-- ftit u
ħu raden, speċjalment

636
00:30:25,090 --> 00:30:28,173
jekk inti ħadthom programmati xi oħra
lingwa f'livell ogħla qabel, xi ħaġa

637
00:30:28,173 --> 00:30:29,820
hawn fuq C, kunċettwalment.

638
00:30:29,820 --> 00:30:33,820
>> Xi jfisser bracket miftuħa ugwali
bracket kwadru probabbilment jfisser?

639
00:30:33,820 --> 00:30:35,540
Jew dak li jista jfisser?

640
00:30:35,540 --> 00:30:39,660
Imxejna ma bbenefikawx dan C. Yeah?

641
00:30:39,660 --> 00:30:40,480
>> Firxa vojta.

642
00:30:40,480 --> 00:30:45,440
Speċifikament, dan ifisser li jekk
l-utent ma sejħa renderHeader

643
00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:49,340
ma 'argument, jien għadhom għaddejjin
li jkollhom argument imsejħa data,

644
00:30:49,340 --> 00:30:52,327
iżda valur ta 'default tagħha huwa
se tkun firxa vojta.

645
00:30:52,327 --> 00:30:53,660
Allura huwa biss konvenjenza sbieħ.

646
00:30:53,660 --> 00:30:56,493
I ma jkollhom Yell fil-utent,
jew jgħidu inti użati funzjoni tiegħi ħażin.

647
00:30:56,493 --> 00:30:59,849
I tista 'biss jagħti lill-utent ta' default
valur, jekk jien ma partikolarment kura.

648
00:30:59,849 --> 00:31:01,890
Issa din il-funzjoni, jien
ser mewġa idejn tiegħi fuq.

649
00:31:01,890 --> 00:31:07,620
Iżda din il-funzjoni estratt tippermetti
ahna jgħaddu dawn il-varjabbli fid-dejta

650
00:31:07,620 --> 00:31:10,360
fil header.php kif ġej.

651
00:31:10,360 --> 00:31:13,100
U dan huwa l-aħħar biċċa,
I think, ta 'sintassi funky.

652
00:31:13,100 --> 00:31:15,860
Hawnhekk huwa verżjoni ġdida tiegħi
tal header.php-- dan

653
00:31:15,860 --> 00:31:20,140
użati, jiġifieri, litteralment, open
parentesi titolu CS50, u li ma kien.

654
00:31:20,140 --> 00:31:21,766
U istess ħaġa għall-H1.

655
00:31:21,766 --> 00:31:24,310
>> Issa jidher jgħid
xi ħaġa pretty funky.

656
00:31:24,310 --> 00:31:28,030
U let me jissimplifika dan
għal mument kif ġej.

657
00:31:28,030 --> 00:31:31,020
Dan huwa dak li stajt
inbidlet titolu tiegħi li jkun.

658
00:31:31,020 --> 00:31:35,140
Madankollu, huwa jkollna ftit ikrah
li parentesi kontinwament miftuħa ma PHP,

659
00:31:35,140 --> 00:31:36,610
u mbagħad jużaw l-funzjoni tal-istampar.

660
00:31:36,610 --> 00:31:40,810
Jirriżulta li PHP għandha shorthand
notazzjoni għal dan, li huwa biss

661
00:31:40,810 --> 00:31:45,050
sinjal ugwali, li huwa teknikament
funzjoni msejħa eku minflok istampar,

662
00:31:45,050 --> 00:31:46,800
imma hija l-istess ħaġa, effettiv.

663
00:31:46,800 --> 00:31:48,440
>> Li għadha jistenna aħjar.

664
00:31:48,440 --> 00:31:50,510
Huwa biss sintattika
zokkor, jekk inti se,

665
00:31:50,510 --> 00:31:52,260
li jagħmel kodiċi tiegħi tfittex ftit aħjar.

666
00:31:52,260 --> 00:31:54,010
Iżda jirriżulta, u
Ser naraw dan jerġa

667
00:31:54,010 --> 00:31:57,420
qabel fit-tul, għandna biex sejħa dan
annoyingly funzjoni twil imsejjaħ

668
00:31:57,420 --> 00:32:00,582
Chars speċjali HTML fil
PHP, għaliex jirriżulta

669
00:32:00,582 --> 00:32:02,790
hemm ċerti inputs
li l-utent jista 'jagħti us,

670
00:32:02,790 --> 00:32:05,160
jew li l-utenti jista 'jagħti us,
li ser jiksru sit tagħna.

671
00:32:05,160 --> 00:32:07,035
Iżda aħna ser tara li jmiss
ġimgħa ma JavaScript.

672
00:32:07,035 --> 00:32:10,740
Iżda għal issa, biss jafu li
dan il-fajl, headers.php, sempliċiment

673
00:32:10,740 --> 00:32:13,040
jieħu t-titolu li
I għadda fi, dan jagħmel

674
00:32:13,040 --> 00:32:17,380
ċert li huwa sikur biex jiġi injettat ġo web
paġna, u spits out bħala titolu tiegħi

675
00:32:17,380 --> 00:32:18,640
u bħala H1 tiegħi.

676
00:32:18,640 --> 00:32:24,440
Mela jekk jien jmorru fil din il-verżjoni issa,
avviż li lectures għandha t-titolu tiegħu lura,

677
00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:28,630
zero ġimgħa għandha titolu tiegħu lura, u
tabilħaqq, il-HTML jien jiġġeneraw

678
00:32:28,630 --> 00:32:32,110
huwa identiku għal dak ewwel verżjoni tiegħi
was-- ħlief għall whitespace tiegħi,

679
00:32:32,110 --> 00:32:35,150
għaliex stajt bdew ifformattjar
kodiċi tiegħi ftit differenti.

680
00:32:35,150 --> 00:32:38,082
Imma stajt iġġenerat kollha
il-kodiċi I care about.

681
00:32:38,082 --> 00:32:39,790
So let me nieqaf għal
ftit mument u ara

682
00:32:39,790 --> 00:32:42,200
jekk ikun hemm xi mistoqsijiet
jew konfużjoni Stajt maħluqa.

683
00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:44,970

684
00:32:44,970 --> 00:32:48,150
Kull dritt, so ejja twist
ftit diffiċli hawn

685
00:32:48,150 --> 00:32:51,500
biex tara jekk hemm xi
opportunità għal titjib.

686
00:32:51,500 --> 00:32:56,130
Helpers.php kellu wkoll dan
funzjoni, imsejħa renderFooter.

687
00:32:56,130 --> 00:32:59,652
U x'hemm notevoli dwar
renderHeader, u renderFooter?

688
00:32:59,652 --> 00:33:02,610
U għal darb'oħra, għall-finijiet tal-lum, taf
li l-funzjoni estratt huwa biss

689
00:33:02,610 --> 00:33:08,280
tiegħi mod ta 'argumenti li tgħaddi
fis header.php u footer.php.

690
00:33:08,280 --> 00:33:10,900

691
00:33:10,900 --> 00:33:11,780
>> Jiddispjacini?

692
00:33:11,780 --> 00:33:13,056
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]

693
00:33:13,056 --> 00:33:15,180
DAVID Malan: Yeah, I biss
biddel il-bżonn linja.

694
00:33:15,180 --> 00:33:19,410
So litteralment, stajt impenjata il sin
tal ikkupjar u pasta, għal darb'oħra.

695
00:33:19,410 --> 00:33:21,920
Mhuwiex numru kbir
tal-linji, iżda jaqgħu on--

696
00:33:21,920 --> 00:33:25,220
jekk jien ikkupjar u pasta kollox
biss għall-bidla ftit wieħed kelma,

697
00:33:25,220 --> 00:33:28,610
u l-kelma ftit wieħed li Alan punti
out jiġifieri footer hawn, versus header hawn.

698
00:33:28,610 --> 00:33:30,670
Inkella, kollox huwa
identiku, ħlief għall-

699
00:33:30,670 --> 00:33:32,180
naturalment, ismijiet tal-funzjoni tal.

700
00:33:32,180 --> 00:33:33,690
Allura dak li nistgħu nagħmlu aħjar?

701
00:33:33,690 --> 00:33:39,810
>> Well let me tiftaħ din il-verżjoni
hawn, fejn fil helpers.php,

702
00:33:39,810 --> 00:33:42,300
għaliex ma I biss jiksbu
ftit aktar intelliġenti dwar dan?

703
00:33:42,300 --> 00:33:46,410
Ikteb ftit aktar kumplikata
kodiċi, iżda sejħa hija tirrendi?

704
00:33:46,410 --> 00:33:48,470
Allura dak li jiena fundamentalment mibdula?

705
00:33:48,470 --> 00:33:51,770
>> Huwa jieħu argument now--
żewġ argumenti, data xorta.

706
00:33:51,770 --> 00:33:54,444
U allura x'inhu l-ewwel
isem probabilment qed jintużaw għal,

707
00:33:54,444 --> 00:33:55,860
ibbażati fuq dak li qed taqra hawn?

708
00:33:55,860 --> 00:33:58,452
Anke jekk xi wħud mill-sintassi għadu ġdid.

709
00:33:58,452 --> 00:33:59,660
X'inhu dollaru template sinjal?

710
00:33:59,660 --> 00:34:02,400

711
00:34:02,400 --> 00:34:03,016
>> Jiddispjacini?

712
00:34:03,016 --> 00:34:03,710
>> UDJENZA: Header jew Footer.

713
00:34:03,710 --> 00:34:04,510
>> DAVID Malan: Header jew Footer.

714
00:34:04,510 --> 00:34:07,134
So apparentement, I iddeċieda li jekk
l-unika ħaġa li l-jinbidlu

715
00:34:07,134 --> 00:34:10,159
huwa dak template trid I
li print-- u mill template

716
00:34:10,159 --> 00:34:13,100
I tfisser li dan huwa blueprint għall
kodiċi li nixtieq li output,

717
00:34:13,100 --> 00:34:16,350
imma nixtieq li plug f'xi
values-- hekk jekk huwa biss header

718
00:34:16,350 --> 00:34:20,440
jew footer, għaliex ma I parameterize
li u jitolbu l-sinjal argument dollaru

719
00:34:20,440 --> 00:34:21,409
template?

720
00:34:21,409 --> 00:34:26,250
U allura dan sintassi funky tippermetti me
biex tinħoloq triq fil-varjabbli hawn.

721
00:34:26,250 --> 00:34:28,030
>> Allura triq sinjal dollaru hija varjabbli.

722
00:34:28,030 --> 00:34:31,120
Xi jfisser dan sintassi
tagħmel, jekk int familjari?

723
00:34:31,120 --> 00:34:32,512
Yeah?

724
00:34:32,512 --> 00:34:34,065
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]

725
00:34:34,065 --> 00:34:34,940
DAVID Malan: Eżattament.

726
00:34:34,940 --> 00:34:37,600
Jekk template hija, kwotazzjoni unquote,
header, jew jekk template hija,

727
00:34:37,600 --> 00:34:41,170
kwotazzjoni unquote, footer, dik il-linja hemm
li stajt enfasizzat, linja tmienja,

728
00:34:41,170 --> 00:34:46,330
huwa sempliċement jieħdu dak l-isem, bħal header,
u concatenating bl dot PHP.

729
00:34:46,330 --> 00:34:49,750
Allura aħna ma kellhiex dan l-operatur
fil C. Dan l-operatur dot hija

730
00:34:49,750 --> 00:34:54,520
ħaġa aqwa fil PHP-- jekk int
familjari ma 'JavaScript jew Java,

731
00:34:54,520 --> 00:34:56,949
inti tista 'tuża l-plus
sinjal li tagħmel konkatenazzjoni.

732
00:34:56,949 --> 00:34:59,974
>> Fil C, huwa uġigħ fl-neck--
u jien so sorry, fil-p-sett sitta,

733
00:34:59,974 --> 00:35:02,390
int ser ikollhom jagħmlu
this-- huwa uġigħ fl-għonq

734
00:35:02,390 --> 00:35:03,930
li concatenate kordi.

735
00:35:03,930 --> 00:35:04,670
Għaliex?

736
00:35:04,670 --> 00:35:06,580
Ukoll, għaliex jekk inti ħadthom ltqajna
string li l dan twil,

737
00:35:06,580 --> 00:35:09,538
u string ieħor li l-dan twil,
inti ma tistax biss plug flimkien.

738
00:35:09,538 --> 00:35:11,070
What do you minflok tagħmel fis-C?

739
00:35:11,070 --> 00:35:11,680
Yeah?

740
00:35:11,680 --> 00:35:12,380
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]

741
00:35:12,380 --> 00:35:15,090
>> DAVID Malan: Int għandek malloc
memorja, jew l-użu firxa fuq il-munzell.

742
00:35:15,090 --> 00:35:17,214
U inti attwalment ikollhom
tagħmel dik firxa kbir biżżejjed

743
00:35:17,214 --> 00:35:20,940
biex joqgħodu f'din plus dan,
flimkien mal-backslash żero.

744
00:35:20,940 --> 00:35:24,994
Imbagħad concatenate flimkien bl-użu
ħawwad qattus jew manwalment bi għas loop,

745
00:35:24,994 --> 00:35:26,160
jew kwalunkwe numru ta 'tekniki.

746
00:35:26,160 --> 00:35:27,760
U aħna nuruk koppja fil-p sett sitta.

747
00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:29,080
>> Huwa uġigħ fl-għonq.

748
00:35:29,080 --> 00:35:34,190
U dan huwa verament dak li jfisser I dwar
dan versus this-- bħal C versus PHP.

749
00:35:34,190 --> 00:35:36,870
Inti biss tikseb tant aktar
funzjonalità b'xejn,

750
00:35:36,870 --> 00:35:39,030
sabiex inti tista 'tiffoka,
idealment, fuq il-gost

751
00:35:39,030 --> 00:35:41,190
parti mill kodifikazzjoni, l-
proġett inti tixtieq li ssolvi,

752
00:35:41,190 --> 00:35:43,190
aktar milli d-dettalji livell baxx.

753
00:35:43,190 --> 00:35:49,840
>> Allura dan biss jiġġenera header.php jew
footer.php bbażata fuq liema waħda I call.

754
00:35:49,840 --> 00:35:52,280
U fil-fatt jekk immur
fis index.php, avviż

755
00:35:52,280 --> 00:35:56,230
dak kollu li changed-- Minflok
sejħa tirrendi header jew tirrendi footer,

756
00:35:56,230 --> 00:36:00,230
Jien ssejjaħ jirrendu, segwita mill-
isem tal-mudell li nixtieq li tagħmel.

757
00:36:00,230 --> 00:36:02,370
U tkun taf tara dan, wisq,
fl problema sett sebgħa,

758
00:36:02,370 --> 00:36:05,530
li biha aħna jippermetti li inti tuża l-
istess funzjoni li tagħmel għenieqed

759
00:36:05,530 --> 00:36:07,550
u għenieqed ta 'paġni web differenti.

760
00:36:07,550 --> 00:36:10,570
>> Allura minflok nitkellem wisq
ħafna aktar fuq dawk details--

761
00:36:10,570 --> 00:36:13,210
li tkun taf tara mill-ġdid fil
sett problema seven-- ejja nħarsu

762
00:36:13,210 --> 00:36:16,850
fil issa-bidu ta 'soluzzjoni
għal problema aktar interessanti.

763
00:36:16,850 --> 00:36:19,310
S'issa, xejn konna
isir jkollu data ffrankata.

764
00:36:19,310 --> 00:36:22,920
Fil-fatt, l-uniku ħin aħna stajt qatt salvati
xi ħaġa li aħna ghamilt f'din il-klassi

765
00:36:22,920 --> 00:36:31,030
huwa meta kellna demo sempliċi ħafna awhile
lura, fejn użajna fajl IO fl C,

766
00:36:31,030 --> 00:36:34,520
u I think I ittajpjat fl-isem tiegħi, u
Isem Hannah, u l-isem Maria,

767
00:36:34,520 --> 00:36:37,610
jew forsi isem Andy, u
allura aħna ffranka file-- CSV

768
00:36:37,610 --> 00:36:39,430
comma separati valuri fajl.

769
00:36:39,430 --> 00:36:43,530
>> U aħna użati fopen-- I think
aħna użati fprintf bħala I recall,

770
00:36:43,530 --> 00:36:44,910
u aħna salvati fajl.

771
00:36:44,910 --> 00:36:46,920
Issa, dan huwa l-aktar sempliċi
forma ta 'database.

772
00:36:46,920 --> 00:36:50,230
Jekk inti tixtieq li tagħmel website għall-
Programm Frosh IMs, fejn freshmen

773
00:36:50,230 --> 00:36:53,390
jistgħu jirreġistraw għal sport, inti idealment
trid tagħmel xi ħaġa ma 'dik id-data.

774
00:36:53,390 --> 00:36:55,370
Last week, għamilna xejn
bl-data-- aħna biss qal,

775
00:36:55,370 --> 00:36:56,661
inti huma rreġistrati, mhux verament.

776
00:36:56,661 --> 00:36:58,950
Jew forsi I emailed l
Procter, u li ma kien.

777
00:36:58,950 --> 00:37:02,110
>> Iżda jkun sbieħ jekk I jistgħu
tagħti l Procter fajl CSV,

778
00:37:02,110 --> 00:37:03,340
bħal fajl Excel.

779
00:37:03,340 --> 00:37:05,090
Jew aħjar għadhom, ikun
Ikun sbieħ jekk I jistgħu

780
00:37:05,090 --> 00:37:08,830
tpoġġi ismijiet dawk l-utenti u
dorm ismijiet u kollha ta 'dak

781
00:37:08,830 --> 00:37:11,740
f 'database li
biss jgħix fuq għal dejjem,

782
00:37:11,740 --> 00:37:13,530
sal I jagħżlu li tħassar id-dejta.

783
00:37:13,530 --> 00:37:15,645
A database li tippermetti
me għall-mistoqsija informazzjoni.

784
00:37:15,645 --> 00:37:18,070
U fil-fatt, dan huwa dak database hu.

785
00:37:18,070 --> 00:37:20,470
>> Aħna jintroduċu llum, u
ġimgħa d-dieħla, wisq, teknoloġija

786
00:37:20,470 --> 00:37:25,020
imsejħa SQL-- a Mistoqsija Strutturat
Lingwa, li huwa lingwa oħra.

787
00:37:25,020 --> 00:37:28,750
Huwa essenzjalment programmazzjoni
lingwa, iżda għal databases.

788
00:37:28,750 --> 00:37:31,760
U database għal issa, ftit
jaħsbu bħala verżjoni super fancy

789
00:37:31,760 --> 00:37:35,710
Microsoft Excel, jew Google
Spreadsheets, jew Numri Apple.

790
00:37:35,710 --> 00:37:39,950
Huwa ġeneralment programm li tippermetti
int taħżen mazz sħiħ ta 'data

791
00:37:39,950 --> 00:37:43,960
f'ringieli u kolonni, pjuttost
bħal inti tista fl-Excel.

792
00:37:43,960 --> 00:37:47,100
>> Imma x'hemm sbieħ, speċjalment jekk
aħna mhux qed super familjari mal Excel,

793
00:37:47,100 --> 00:37:52,040
dak SQL tippermetti li tagħmel huwa query dan
informazzjoni billi tikteb linji ta 'kodiċi

794
00:37:52,040 --> 00:37:55,220
fejn inti tista ', anki jekk tiegħek
database għandha miljun ringieli fiha,

795
00:37:55,220 --> 00:37:57,190
inti tista 'ssib affarijiet super fast.

796
00:37:57,190 --> 00:37:59,950
Fil-fatt, Excel hija partikolarment
ħażin fil-livelli settijiet ta 'data kbar.

797
00:37:59,950 --> 00:38:02,460
U fil-fatt, sa ftit
snin ilu, irriżultaw

798
00:38:02,460 --> 00:38:08,890
Excel jippermetti biss int taħżen
sa 65,535 ringieli ta 'data-- li

799
00:38:08,890 --> 00:38:12,020
ħsejjes simili ħafna, iżda fl-
time I kien student grad,

800
00:38:12,020 --> 00:38:14,920
u I remember waqgħat fuq
dan għaliex I kien qed jiġġenera

801
00:38:14,920 --> 00:38:17,900
CSV fajls għar-riċerka tiegħi u I
riedu jiġu analizzati malajr

802
00:38:17,900 --> 00:38:19,530
billi biss ftuħ fl-Excel.

803
00:38:19,530 --> 00:38:23,730
Of course, kompjuter tiegħi biss ġġarraf,
minħabba I kellhom aktar minn 65,000 ringieli.

804
00:38:23,730 --> 00:38:27,210
>> Iżda fejn ma l-65535 ġejjin minn?

805
00:38:27,210 --> 00:38:29,670
Dak kien isir Microsoft, preżumibbilment?

806
00:38:29,670 --> 00:38:32,430
Jekk int tajba mal-poteri tiegħek ta 'tnejn?

807
00:38:32,430 --> 00:38:37,160
Yeah, dawn kienu jużaw 16-bit
valur għall jirrappreżentaw in-numru ringiela.

808
00:38:37,160 --> 00:38:41,310
U tnejn sa 16 huwa 65,536--
wieħed nieqes, għaliex jekk inti

809
00:38:41,310 --> 00:38:45,414
indiċi żero ifisser li kien l-
aktar numru ta 'ringieli I jista' jkollhom.

810
00:38:45,414 --> 00:38:46,830
U kien biss deċiżjoni disinn.

811
00:38:46,830 --> 00:38:52,760
Mill-iffrankar 16 bits, huma limitati me
li 16,000 ringieli, minflok 4 biljun,

812
00:38:52,760 --> 00:38:54,322
li I seta 'kellu idealment.

813
00:38:54,322 --> 00:38:57,030
Iżda għal issa, aħna qed tmur biex
jintroduċu dan aktar f'kuntest web.

814
00:38:57,030 --> 00:39:00,390
U x'hemm sbieħ dwar SQL hija li anki
għalkemm huwa pjuttost qawwija u pretty

815
00:39:00,390 --> 00:39:04,050
sofistikati, huwa verament tagħli
isfel sa erba 'operazzjonijiet ewlenin, erba

816
00:39:04,050 --> 00:39:08,060
funzjonijiet ewlenin, jekk inti will-- tagħżel,
biex jerġgħu jsibu data, it-tiftix

817
00:39:08,060 --> 00:39:12,510
għal data; iħassru jew tħassir tad-data;
daħħal għaż-żieda ringieli tad-database;

818
00:39:12,510 --> 00:39:13,410
u l-aġġornament.

819
00:39:13,410 --> 00:39:17,010
Mela jekk inti qatt jintużaw Google
Spreadsheets, Numri Apple, Microsoft

820
00:39:17,010 --> 00:39:19,310
Excel, inti għandek eżegwit,
aktar probabbli, kollha

821
00:39:19,310 --> 00:39:22,530
ta 'dawn l-operazzjonijiet bħala bniedem mill
biss tuża t-tastiera tiegħek u mouse--

822
00:39:22,530 --> 00:39:26,050
ddaħħal data, bl-użu għajnejn tiegħek
biex tagħżel jew tfittxija għal data,

823
00:39:26,050 --> 00:39:28,360
jew data aġġornament, jew tħassar informazzjoni.

824
00:39:28,360 --> 00:39:29,870
>> Allura dak li jfisser dan?

825
00:39:29,870 --> 00:39:34,300
Well, installat minn qabel fil CS50
IDE huwa programm imsejjaħ MySQL.

826
00:39:34,300 --> 00:39:37,050
Huwa ħieles, open-source
database li l-super popolari.

827
00:39:37,050 --> 00:39:40,590
Facebook, per eżempju, l-użi li dan
jum, fost għodod oħra li huma jużaw.

828
00:39:40,590 --> 00:39:44,300
U ħafna ta 'websajts popolari ħafna użu
huwa fil-parti kbira għaliex dan huwa mgħaġġel,

829
00:39:44,300 --> 00:39:45,230
u għaliex huwa b'xejn.

830
00:39:45,230 --> 00:39:46,820
Għalkemm ċertament jeżistu alternattivi.

831
00:39:46,820 --> 00:39:49,580
U xi wħud minnkom tista dabble ma
alternattivi għal proġetti finali.

832
00:39:49,580 --> 00:39:55,330
>> Dan huwa screenshot, sadanittant, ta
għodda fuq l-internet imsejħa phpMyAdmin.

833
00:39:55,330 --> 00:39:58,260
Huwa koinċidenza li
din l-għodda fuq l-internet huwa wkoll

834
00:39:58,260 --> 00:40:01,720
miktuba b'lingwa, PHP,
imma dak huwa maħsub biex tagħmel

835
00:40:01,720 --> 00:40:04,620
huwa tagħtina fuq l-internet
interface għal database.

836
00:40:04,620 --> 00:40:07,180
Minħabba MySQL tipikament hija
xi ħaġa, storikament, inti

837
00:40:07,180 --> 00:40:08,770
jinteraġixxu ma 'biss
bil-linja ta 'kmand.

838
00:40:08,770 --> 00:40:10,811
U jkun super
annoying u arcane li jkollhom

839
00:40:10,811 --> 00:40:14,487
li jikkmanda testwali tip li tagħżel
data, daħħal data, u ħassar id-data.

840
00:40:14,487 --> 00:40:16,820
Allura xi nies fuq l-internet
kiteb programm fuq l-internet

841
00:40:16,820 --> 00:40:18,900
li just let us jimmaniġġjaw
id-dejta fid-database tagħna.

842
00:40:18,900 --> 00:40:23,040
Huwa simili tikklikkja darbtejn fuq Excel, u
tmexxija ta 'verżjoni fuq l-internet tagħha.

843
00:40:23,040 --> 00:40:26,370
>> U dak li int ser tuża dan għal
finalment ġimgħa d-dieħla, mhux fil-p sett sitta,

844
00:40:26,370 --> 00:40:28,680
iżda huwa biex tinbena xi ħaġa
imsejħa CS50 Finanzi, li

845
00:40:28,680 --> 00:40:32,630
se jkollhom database ta
utenti, bl-ismijiet utent u passwords,

846
00:40:32,630 --> 00:40:34,860
dollaru ammonti li huma
jkollhom fil-kontijiet bankarji tagħhom.

847
00:40:34,860 --> 00:40:37,280
Li għaddej biex tkun
xi ħaġa li għandek tuża biex jaħżnu

848
00:40:37,280 --> 00:40:39,910
is-simboli u l-kwantitajiet
ta 'ħażniet li l-utenti

849
00:40:39,910 --> 00:40:42,567
xtraw jużaw virtwali
dollari li inti ser tagħti lilhom.

850
00:40:42,567 --> 00:40:44,900
U li għaddej biex jippermettu lill-utenti
li jirreġistraw għall-sit tiegħek,

851
00:40:44,900 --> 00:40:47,190
sabiex anke ħbieb tiegħek
tista 'tixgħel ir website tiegħek

852
00:40:47,190 --> 00:40:49,360
u fil-fatt jirreġistraw,
log in, u play madwar

853
00:40:49,360 --> 00:40:52,807
u tipprova ssib difett fil-kodiċi tiegħek,
u tipprova ssib bugs fil-website tiegħek.

854
00:40:52,807 --> 00:40:55,390
U dawn ser sempliċiment jirreġistraw billi
żżid infushom, b'mod effettiv,

855
00:40:55,390 --> 00:40:58,120
permezz kodiċi tikteb għad-database tiegħek.

856
00:40:58,120 --> 00:41:02,470
>> Per eżempju, dan huwa screenshot malajr
ta 'dak li database jista' dehra.

857
00:41:02,470 --> 00:41:05,190
Dan kien minn wieħed mill
solutions-- sena li għaddiet

858
00:41:05,190 --> 00:41:07,760
dan huwa bħal Excel mini
fajl, maħżuna fid-database tagħna,

859
00:41:07,760 --> 00:41:09,950
maħżuna dan is-software imsejjaħ MySQL.

860
00:41:09,950 --> 00:41:13,260
Min-naħa tax-xellug, stajt apparentement
jingħataw kull utent numru uniku.

861
00:41:13,260 --> 00:41:16,200
Fit-tieni kolonna, stajt mogħtija
kulħadd utent name-- tiegħi stess

862
00:41:16,200 --> 00:41:16,880
fosthom.

863
00:41:16,880 --> 00:41:21,430
U fuq il-lemin,
Stajt tawhom hash.

864
00:41:21,430 --> 00:41:26,760
>> Issa dan huwa attwalment password,
iżda mhuwiex password test sempliċi.

865
00:41:26,760 --> 00:41:30,160
Huwa password encrypted, jekk
inti se, jew password hash.

866
00:41:30,160 --> 00:41:32,000
Li aħna ser terga 'lura għal qabel twil.

867
00:41:32,000 --> 00:41:34,340
>> Imma jekk inti stajt qatt taqra
artiklu dwar kif

868
00:41:34,340 --> 00:41:37,950
password tiegħek f'xi bank jew xi
website seta 'kien kompromess,

869
00:41:37,950 --> 00:41:39,630
dan jista 'ġeneralment ifissru waħda minn żewġ affarijiet.

870
00:41:39,630 --> 00:41:42,780
Allura dan huwa biss silta ta 'sitt utenti.

871
00:41:42,780 --> 00:41:45,460
Kollha inti issa tista figura
permezz tar hacking jew qsim

872
00:41:45,460 --> 00:41:47,690
dak passwords sitt poplu tagħna huma.

873
00:41:47,690 --> 00:41:49,720
Imma jekk inti stajt qatt gotten
twissija jew apoloġija

874
00:41:49,720 --> 00:41:52,803
minn kumpannija jew tgħid website,
sorry, Hacker kissru fil-database tagħna,

875
00:41:52,803 --> 00:41:56,360
inti probabilment għandhom tbiddel tiegħek
password, dak li jista 'jfisser?

876
00:41:56,360 --> 00:41:59,670
>> Well, wieħed, jista 'jfisser id
kumpanija kien aktar moronic,

877
00:41:59,670 --> 00:42:03,630
u ġie ħażna password tiegħek
fil-kolonna bħal dan, unencrypted.

878
00:42:03,630 --> 00:42:05,840
Li jfisser l-avversarju,
li seraq il database,

879
00:42:05,840 --> 00:42:07,440
litteralment jaf tiegħek
username u password.

880
00:42:07,440 --> 00:42:08,960
Dik hija l-agħar xenarju possibbli.

881
00:42:08,960 --> 00:42:11,710
U kif tkun taf tara fil-p-set
seba ', daqshekk faċli biex jiġi evitat.

882
00:42:11,710 --> 00:42:15,624
M'hemm assolutament l-ebda skuża għal dak
forma ta 'stupidity fl-internet tal-lum.

883
00:42:15,624 --> 00:42:18,540
Two-- u aħna ser issib xi artikoli
li jixhdu l-fatt li din xorta

884
00:42:18,540 --> 00:42:21,710
jiġri, nonetheless--
tnejn, forsi l-avversarju

885
00:42:21,710 --> 00:42:23,840
seraq din il-verżjoni tad-database.

886
00:42:23,840 --> 00:42:27,110
Li għadu tip ta 'ħażin, għaliex issa
huma jafu li jien sitt klijenti,

887
00:42:27,110 --> 00:42:29,270
Naf li l-ismijiet utent
tas-sitt klijenti,

888
00:42:29,270 --> 00:42:32,910
u naf l encrypted
Verżjonijiet, jew il-verżjonijiet hashed,

889
00:42:32,910 --> 00:42:34,340
tal passwords dawk is-sitt klijenti.

890
00:42:34,340 --> 00:42:37,010
Imma kull minnkom li tista
għamlu [? Hacker 2?]

891
00:42:37,010 --> 00:42:41,150
fejn inti maqsum passwords, jew ħa
A Ħares Fuq dik il-verżjoni tal-problema

892
00:42:41,150 --> 00:42:46,280
sett, għaliex hi għadu tħassib ftit
jekk l-avversarju jaf hash tiegħek

893
00:42:46,280 --> 00:42:47,435
passwords?

894
00:42:47,435 --> 00:42:49,732
>> UDJENZA: għax dawn ikunu jistgħu
jidħlu fis-dizzjunarju kollu

895
00:42:49,732 --> 00:42:50,690
fil-funzjoni hash.

896
00:42:50,690 --> 00:42:54,520
U jekk password tiegħek hija dizzjunarju
kelma, [? dawn jistgħu biss match--?]

897
00:42:54,520 --> 00:42:57,640
>> DAVID Malan: Eżattament, l-avversarju
tista 'sempliċement jiktbu kodiċi, bħal xi wħud minnkom

898
00:42:57,640 --> 00:43:00,526
għamlet għall [? Hacker?] 2,
fejn inti jtenni fuq

899
00:43:00,526 --> 00:43:03,400
kollha tal-kliem fil-dizzjunarju,
jew kumbinazzjoni possibbli ta 'A

900
00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:06,610
permezz Z u wieħed permezz nine--
li tinstema ħafna, u huwa.

901
00:43:06,610 --> 00:43:08,361
Iżda għal kompjuter,
huwa pjuttost darn fast.

902
00:43:08,361 --> 00:43:10,610
U fil-fatt, li kien l-
punt ta '[? Hacker 2,?] Kien

903
00:43:10,610 --> 00:43:12,540
biex jieħdu għalf li
litteralment tidher bħal dan,

904
00:43:12,540 --> 00:43:14,900
u inġinier reverse
dak li fil-fatt kien.

905
00:43:14,900 --> 00:43:17,270
>> Allura aħna ser tħares lejn kif nistgħu
taħżen dan b'mod aktar effiċjenti.

906
00:43:17,270 --> 00:43:20,210
Jirriżulta, Thankfully fil MySQL,
hemm ser ikunu tipi ta 'data.

907
00:43:20,210 --> 00:43:22,800
U waħda mill-partijiet divertenti dwar
disinn database, li tkun onest,

908
00:43:22,800 --> 00:43:25,810
huwa attwalment jiddeċiedu għalik innifsek
kif għandek tirrappreżenta d-data?

909
00:43:25,810 --> 00:43:29,630
Jekk inti tirrappreżenta numru tat-telefon kif
l int, bħal numru kbir, jew twil?

910
00:43:29,630 --> 00:43:31,630
Jew inti fil-fatt tagħmel dan
bħala sekwenza ta 'Chars?

911
00:43:31,630 --> 00:43:33,780
U jista 'jkun hemm ħafna
impatti mhux trivjali ta 'dan.

912
00:43:33,780 --> 00:43:36,714
>> Fil-fatt, wieħed mill-
kmieni, stejjer germane gost

913
00:43:36,714 --> 00:43:39,880
huwa meta Mark Zuckerberg kien bini
Facebook, kien oriġinarjament miktub fl-

914
00:43:39,880 --> 00:43:42,300
u xorta hija ġeneralment miktub fil-PHP.

915
00:43:42,300 --> 00:43:45,400
U wieħed mill-akbar sfidi
dawn jiffaċċjaw kmieni kien skalar.

916
00:43:45,400 --> 00:43:48,820
Meta jinżammu żżid iskola wara
iskola wara l-iskola, sa fejn naf jien,

917
00:43:48,820 --> 00:43:51,639
waħda mis-soluzzjonijiet oriġinali
essenzjalment kien li kopja u paste

918
00:43:51,639 --> 00:43:53,430
xi wħud mill-databases
u xi wħud mill-kodiċi,

919
00:43:53,430 --> 00:43:55,346
sabiex Harvard kien
taħdem fuq server tiegħu stess,

920
00:43:55,346 --> 00:43:56,995
u MIT kien għaddej fuq is-server tiegħu stess.

921
00:43:56,995 --> 00:43:59,120
U dan kien għaliex, għal xi
minnkom li jistgħu recall,

922
00:43:59,120 --> 00:44:01,510
inti ma setgħux ħbieb
f'networks oħrajn.

923
00:44:01,510 --> 00:44:05,050
>> You probabbilment ma għandekx ħbieb fid
MIT jew Harvard 10 jew hekk snin ilu,

924
00:44:05,050 --> 00:44:07,467
imma inti ma setgħux span netwerks
għall parzjalment dik ir-raġuni.

925
00:44:07,467 --> 00:44:10,550
U wieħed mill-akbar sfidi għall
Mark u għal kumpaniji bħal Facebook

926
00:44:10,550 --> 00:44:13,460
huwa attwalment immaniġġjar mijiet
u eluf u miljuni

927
00:44:13,460 --> 00:44:14,460
ta 'talbiet kull sekonda.

928
00:44:14,460 --> 00:44:16,501
Allura l-affarijiet aħna ser tibda
jitkellem dwar din il-ġimgħa

929
00:44:16,501 --> 00:44:19,860
huma verament se jkun germane għal
kitba software tajba, u popolarment

930
00:44:19,860 --> 00:44:23,040
għodod suċċess li
jistgħu jimmaniġġjaw lottijiet ta 'utenti.

931
00:44:23,040 --> 00:44:25,460
>> Allura aħna ser nitkellmu dwar affarijiet
bħal indiċjar u tiftix,

932
00:44:25,460 --> 00:44:26,910
iżda li huwa għal-lum.

933
00:44:26,910 --> 00:44:28,780
Aħna se tara lilek għal aktar nhar l-Erbgħa.

934
00:44:28,780 --> 00:44:31,780

935
00:44:31,780 --> 00:44:33,902
>> [MUSIC - "Seinfeld" TEMA]

936
00:44:33,902 --> 00:44:35,943
DAVID Malan: tista 'biex
dan, u naqqas minnha.

937
00:44:35,943 --> 00:44:38,859
U inti ma għandekx twaħħal mal
xi ammont ta 'pre-determinat ta' memorja.

938
00:44:38,859 --> 00:44:40,580
Ukoll, dak li li għaddej biex jiġu msejħa?

939
00:44:40,580 --> 00:44:42,369
>> SPEAKER 1: Well, x'inhu għaddej?

940
00:44:42,369 --> 00:44:43,535
SPEAKER 2: X'tifhem?

941
00:44:43,535 --> 00:44:44,451
Hu jagħti lecture.

942
00:44:44,451 --> 00:44:47,650
DAVID Malan: U nistgħu nużaw a
funzjoni msejħa malloc li memory--

943
00:44:47,650 --> 00:44:50,050
>> SPEAKER 1: Għaliex ma armi tiegħu jiċċaqilqu?

944
00:44:50,050 --> 00:44:52,450
>> SPEAKER 2: Well that's--
inti taf, li l-normali.

945
00:44:52,450 --> 00:44:57,162
Huwa biss bħal hu għandu biss
zalzett kbar mdendlin hemmhekk.

946
00:44:57,162 --> 00:44:59,040
>> SPEAKER 1: Li normali?

947
00:44:59,040 --> 00:45:03,096
>> SPEAKER 2: Yeah, I think we
biss wieħed jassumi hu aċċidentalment

948
00:45:03,096 --> 00:45:06,840
sostitwiti deodorant tiegħu ma superglue.

949
00:45:06,840 --> 00:45:07,608