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>> [Daqq tal-mużika]

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Camille REKHSON: Hi, kulħadd.

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Merħba għall-kwizz CS50
sessjoni reviżjoni żero.

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Jien Camille.

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U jien ser jkunu għaddejjin
fuq xi temi miegħek

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guys illum biex jgħinek
jippreparaw għall-kwizz.

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Allura hawnhekk tagħna mhux eżawrjenti
Lista ta 'suġġetti inti

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għandhom ikunu familjari magħhom għall-kwizz.

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Dawn kienu meħuda direttament
mill-sillabu.

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Naf jidher li huwa simili ħafna.

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Iżda trust me, inti ħadthom tgħallmu kollha
dawn l-affarijiet fl-aħħar ftit ġimgħat.

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>> Allura aħna ser definittivament jkunu għaddejjin
fuq lott ta 'dawn lum.

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Iżda wkoll tieħu xi żmien fuq tiegħek
stess biex tirrevedi dawn l-affarijiet.

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U jekk inti ma kinux familjari mal
dak li xi wħud minn dawn l-affarijiet huma,

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aċċerta ruħek li titlob wieħed minna.

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Ukoll, il-kelma uffiċjali
fuq il-kwizz, mur din ir-rabta.

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Dan se jkollu l-informazzjoni kollha
li magħhom kamra għandek bżonn biex tmur fil-

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jinfirdu alfabetikament, u
wkoll xi suġġerimenti dwar liema materjali

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inti għandek tkun jistudjaw, u x'tip
ta 'mistoqsijiet kwizz ghandek tistenna.

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Sabiex tagħmel żgur li tivverifika li l-.

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>> Ukoll, xi tips għal meta inti
qed jippreparaw għall-eżami.

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Prattika kodifikazzjoni fuq il-karta.

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Naf li inti stajt gotten użati biex wara
il-verifika IDE għall-iżbalji tiegħek għalik,

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u it's-- meta int ittajpjar it up,
huwa ftit differenti milli jkollu

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li tikteb affarijiet out.

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Allura prattika tagħmel xi kodifikazzjoni.

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Xi funzjonijiet tajba għall-prattika
tagħmel huma strlen u atoi,

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jaraw jekk inti tista 'tikteb
dawk fuq tiegħek.

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Ikun familjari mal-settijiet problema.

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Ħafna snin hemm
mistoqsijiet li għandhom x'jaqsmu

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għal xi wħud mill-materjal problema stabbiliti.

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Sabiex tagħmel ċert li tifhem
kif jagħmlu l-settijiet problema.

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>> Ipprova tagħmel xi wħud mill-kwiżż qodma
taħt il darba restrizzjoni 75 minuta.

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A lott tal-kwiżż
jista jkun it-tip ta 'twil.

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Allura huwa mod tajjeb biex jagħtu
yourself xi prattika,

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u kemm se
tieħu inti, u kif inti

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għandhom jaqsmu l-ħin tiegħek biex tiżgura
inti finitura kollox sa l-aħħar.

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U wkoll, ikollok paġna waħda,
żewġ folja referenza naħat

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li inti tista 'tikteb xi tkun
trid fuq għall-użu matul il-kwizz.

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Allura meta int ħolqien
li, li wkoll

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mod verament kbir biex jistudjaw minħabba
inti ser tip ta 'tirrevedi affarijiet

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kif int bil-miktub dan.

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>> Allura xi mistoqsijiet ġenerali dwar
l-kwizz, jew kif taħdem?

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Yeah.

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>> UDJENZA: Se dik il-lista ta 'suġġetti
li inti biss wera tkun disponibbli lilna

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online?

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>> Camille REKHSON: Dan slide kollu
juru se jkunu stazzjonati fil-websajt.

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Ukoll, il-video ta 'reviżjoni tal-lum
sessjoni ser tkun fuq il-websajt.

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Allura ma joqogħdu jinkwetaw wisq dwar
kitba affarijiet isfel kollu.

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Dan kollu se jkun hemm.

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Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra?

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OK, so ejja tibda.

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>> Allura ħaġa waħda biex ikunu familjari ma huwa
tip ta 'data differenti u d-daqs

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li huma jieħdu fuq.

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Dan jista 'jkun xi ħaġa kbira biex
jikteb fuq folja referenza tiegħek,

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biss tagħmel żgur li int
ftakar dawn kollha.

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But-- hekk Chars huma 1 byte.

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Ints huma 4 bytes.

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A twil, twil, li hi bażikament aktar
ispazju għall integer, huwa 8 bytes.

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A float huwa 4 bytes.

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A doppja, li bażikament tagħtik
aktar spazju biex jaħżnu float, huwa 8 bytes.

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U mbagħad pointer huwa wkoll 8 bytes.

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Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet dwar dawn?

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>> Allura binarju huwa suġġett ieħor konna
koperti ftit dan is-semestru.

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Mela ejja jagħmlu xi
prattika ma konverżjoni

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bejn il-binarju u deċimali.

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Allura ħadd li jkollu xi idea dak li
li l-ewwel waħda tkun?

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00:03:13,950 --> 00:03:32,840

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Kulħadd?

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Yeah, huwa 42.

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Mela jekk inti tiftakar, kull
mill-postijiet fil binarju

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huwa bażikament simili 2
għall-enerġija f'dak il-post tal.

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>> Allura li l-ewwel post hija ta '2 għall-qawwa 0.

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U aħna għandna 0 hemmhekk, hekk xejn hemm.

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Il-post li jmiss huwa 2 għall-ewwel poter.

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U nagħmlu jkollhom 1 hemmhekk,
b'tali mod li bażikament 2.

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Il-post li jmiss huwa minn 2 sa
it-tieni, li huwa ta '4.

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Aħna ma jkollhom xejn hemmhekk.

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Il-post li jmiss fuq hija 2 sa
it-tielet, li jkun 8.

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U aħna għandna waħda hemm.

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U aħna jibqgħu għaddejjin.

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Li last-- l-aktar 'il-
waħda baqa 'huwa fejn għandna 32.

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U hekk, aħna bażikament għandhom
32 plus 8 flimkien ma '2 li tikseb 42.

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Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet?

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>> UDJENZA: X'inhu l-subscript għall?

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>> Camille REKHSON: Il subscript
bażikament tgħidilna huwa binarja.

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Allura hemm 2 hemmhekk.

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Jekk kien hemm like-- fil-li jmiss
wieħed, jew meta aħna qed jikkonvertu deċimali

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li binarju, hemm 10 li turi lilna li
dan in-numru huwa oriġinarjament fl deċimali.

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>> UDJENZA: Grazzi.

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>> Camille REKHSON: Yeah.

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Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra fuq li wieħed?

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OK, so ejja jippruvaw li jmiss
wieħed imbagħad, li deċimali binarja.

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Allura tieħu 50 u tpoġġija ta 'dak fil binarja.

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Kif inti tagħmel dan?

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Yeah.

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>> UDJENZA: 110010.

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>> Camille REKHSON: Iva.

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Allura one-- mod faċli biex jaħsbu dwar
konverżjoni minn deċimali sa binarju

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huwa to-- spiss jgħin biex jiktbu out
dak il-poteri differenti tat-2 huma.

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U mbagħad jgħaddu minnha, u ara
tkun xi tkun l-ogħla waħda minn dawk

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hija li inti tista 'tpoġġi fil lill-
Numru deċimali mingħajr ma tidħol fuq dan.

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>> Allura f'dan il-każ, waħda mill
is-setgħat tat-2 huwa 32.

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Allura 32 tmur fil-50.

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Iżda l-qawwa sa jmiss ikun 64,
li ovvjament ma jidħlux fil-50.

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Allura l-ogħla għandna huwa l-32.

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Il-wieħed li jmiss isfel sa 16.

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U 32 plus 16 huwa biss 48.

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Allura li għadhom tidħol fil-50.

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Allura aħna għandna 1 ta f'dawn iż-żewġ.

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U allura jekk aħna jibqgħu għaddejjin isfel,
l-unika ħaġa li għandna bżonn xellug

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huwa 2 aktar biex tikseb 48-50.

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Mela allura għandna 1 f'dik il-pożizzjoni,
u 0 fl-aħħar pożizzjoni.

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Għaliex hemm xejn fil
2 għall-post 0-th.

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Mistoqsijiet dwar konverżjoni
deċimali biex Binarju?

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00:05:37,120 --> 00:05:40,830

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>> Allura issa ejja tipprova tagħmel
xi żieda binarja.

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Kif meta inti żid dawn iż up?

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Yeah.

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>> UDJENZA: 11100.

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>> Camille REKHSON: Iva.

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Allura tagħmel żieda fil binarja hija pjuttost
l-istess bħal tagħmel dan fil deċimali.

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Ħlief jekk għandek żewġ benesseri 1 ta
magħduda flimkien, 1 flimkien ma '1 huwa 2,

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iżda 2 fil binarju huwa 1 0.

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Allura inti għandek twettaq l-1, u jżommu
twettiq tiegħu għal dawk kolonni koppja.

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U minbarra dan, żid ftit normalment.

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Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet dwar dak?

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Yeah.

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>> UDJENZA: Jiddispjacini, dak li huwa l-aħħar post?

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Hemm sitt numri.

135
00:06:18,475 --> 00:06:23,260
Allura l-kolonna fuq ix-xellug,
liema valur huwa?

136
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Camille REKHSON: Fuq dan wieħed qiegħ?

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UDJENZA: Fuq il-quċċata waħda, għat-50.

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Camille REKHSON: Għal 50?

139
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Oh, sabiex il-leftmost waħda hija 32.

140
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>> UDJENZA: 32?

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>> Camille REKHSON: Yeah, hekk ikun
jkun 32, 16, allura 8, 4, 2, 0-- jew 1.

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Ukoll, huwa 2 il 0, li hija l-1.

143
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Yeah.

144
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Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra dwar dan?

145
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OK, hekk allura aħna qed tmur biex tagħmel
ftit ma hexadecimal.

146
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Allura dan jista 'jkun
ftit inqas familjari,

147
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minħabba I know we ghamilt
ħafna aktar ma 'binarju.

148
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Imma mod verament tajjeb biex
jaħsbu dwar hexadeċimali

149
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huwa li ikissru binarja
Numru fis 4 biċċiet bit.

150
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Minħabba li kull 4 bits ta '
numru binarju huwa bażikament

151
00:07:00,950 --> 00:07:04,560
wieħed mill-numri hexadeċimali.

152
00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:07,420
>> Mela jekk ikollna dan l-ewwel waħda,
għandna bażikament tmien 1 ta.

153
00:07:07,420 --> 00:07:08,620
Allura dawn jistgħu jinqasmu up--

154
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>> UDJENZA: 255.

155
00:07:09,600 --> 00:07:10,933
>> Camille REKHSON: Say li għal darb'oħra.

156
00:07:10,933 --> 00:07:13,772
UDJENZA: 255 fil deċimali,
jew 0xFF f'hexadecimal.

157
00:07:13,772 --> 00:07:14,980
Camille REKHSON: Yeah, huwa.

158
00:07:14,980 --> 00:07:18,860
Allura, jekk inti maqsuma li sa
f'żewġ biċċiet 4-bit,

159
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aħna bażikament erba 'settijiet ta' 1.

160
00:07:20,950 --> 00:07:22,880
Liema hija l-maximum--
bażikament l-massimu

161
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nistgħu nibdew mal-4-bits fil binarja.

162
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U l-massimu nistgħu jiksbu għall
li f'hexadecimal ikun F.

163
00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:30,290
Allura rridu naraw żewġ F tal.

164
00:07:30,290 --> 00:07:31,800
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet dwar dak?

165
00:07:31,800 --> 00:07:32,490
Yeah?

166
00:07:32,490 --> 00:07:35,184
>> UDJENZA: Tista jirrepetu dak.

167
00:07:35,184 --> 00:07:36,100
Camille REKHSON: Sure.

168
00:07:36,100 --> 00:07:39,160
Allura kull wieħed, bażikament,
post ta 'hexadeċimali huwa

169
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ekwivalenti għall-4-bits ta 'binarja.

170
00:07:42,570 --> 00:07:46,830
Allura l-eħfef mod biex isir dan huwa
li farrku fis-biċċiet 4-bit.

171
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Allura f'dan il-każ, għandna tmien 1 ta.

172
00:07:48,690 --> 00:07:51,010
Allura jekk aħna maqsuma dawk
f'żewġ biċċiet 4-bit,

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rridu naraw żewġ settijiet ta 'erba' 1 s.

174
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U kull wieħed minn dawk
huwa ekwivalenti għal F.

175
00:07:57,181 --> 00:07:58,930
Jekk taħseb about--
Naf imħuħ tagħna huma

176
00:07:58,930 --> 00:08:00,415
tip ta 'fili biex jaħsbu
aktar permezz deċimali,

177
00:08:00,415 --> 00:08:01,831
għaliex dan huwa dak li aħna qed jintużaw biex.

178
00:08:01,831 --> 00:08:06,030
Allura mod wieħed li inti tista 'taħseb bħala
l-erba '1 huwa ugwali għal 15 fl-deċimali.

179
00:08:06,030 --> 00:08:12,960
U 15 f'hexadecimal hija F. Allura dak hu
mod ieħor inti tista 'taħseb permezz tiegħu.

180
00:08:12,960 --> 00:08:13,459
Yeah.

181
00:08:13,459 --> 00:08:14,790
>> UDJENZA: X'inhu l-0x għall?

182
00:08:14,790 --> 00:08:18,240
>> Camille REKHSON: Il 0x
tindika li huwa hexadeċimali.

183
00:08:18,240 --> 00:08:21,900
Allura aħna biss jitqiegħed dan
prefiss hemm, normalment.

184
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Mistoqsijiet oħra fuq dik.

185
00:08:24,396 --> 00:08:27,100
OK, so ejja tipprova tmur
il-mod ieħor imbagħad.

186
00:08:27,100 --> 00:08:28,712
F'dan il-każ aħna have-- sorry?

187
00:08:28,712 --> 00:08:29,628
UDJENZA: [inaudible].

188
00:08:29,628 --> 00:08:32,095

189
00:08:32,095 --> 00:08:33,720
Camille REKHSON: Aħna ser binarja.

190
00:08:33,720 --> 00:08:36,039
Allura, tmur il-mod ieħor.

191
00:08:36,039 --> 00:08:42,090
Iżda f'dan il-każ, għandna 5 u
A. Mela jekk naħsbu dwar dan,

192
00:08:42,090 --> 00:08:46,260
jekk kull wieħed mill those-- 5 u lA huma
kemm se jirrappreżentaw 4-bit blokki,

193
00:08:46,260 --> 00:08:49,003
kif tgħid 5 fil binarja?

194
00:08:49,003 --> 00:08:51,120
>> UDJENZA: 0101.

195
00:08:51,120 --> 00:08:53,100
>> Camille REKHSON: Yeah,
b'tali mod li l-parti 0101.

196
00:08:53,100 --> 00:08:55,250
U allura kif tgħid A in--

197
00:08:55,250 --> 00:08:56,910
>> UDJENZA: 10.

198
00:08:56,910 --> 00:08:58,243
Camille REKHSON: Say it-- sorry?

199
00:08:58,243 --> 00:08:58,990
UDJENZA: 10.

200
00:08:58,990 --> 00:09:02,052
Camille REKHSON: Yeah, hekk
dak l-tieni parti minnha.

201
00:09:02,052 --> 00:09:04,010
U mbagħad, jekk inti tpoġġi
dawn iż-żewġ flimkien, li

202
00:09:04,010 --> 00:09:06,440
kif ikollok l-sħiħ
binarju għall-hexadeċimali.

203
00:09:06,440 --> 00:09:06,940
Yeah?

204
00:09:06,940 --> 00:09:10,620
>> UDJENZA: Biex tkun taf li A hija
1010, do inti għandek memorize dan?

205
00:09:10,620 --> 00:09:12,460
Jew tista 'inti like--

206
00:09:12,460 --> 00:09:14,380
>> Camille REKHSON: Mela jekk
you-- l differe-- hekk

207
00:09:14,380 --> 00:09:16,790
meta inti qed tmur permezz
binarju, bażikament binarja

208
00:09:16,790 --> 00:09:20,550
għandha 0 sa 9 u mbagħad A
permezz F kif l-affarijiet tagħha 16.

209
00:09:20,550 --> 00:09:25,420
Mela jekk it-triq kollha 0 biex 9-- jekk
you-- 9 u mbagħad A, bażikament

210
00:09:25,420 --> 00:09:29,640
jekk aħna tikkonvertih li deċimali, A
ikun simili 10, B tkun simili 11.

211
00:09:29,640 --> 00:09:35,616
U jekk taħseb dwar l-
binarju 1010 huwa ta '8 u 2,

212
00:09:35,616 --> 00:09:37,990
minħabba dawn huma ż-żewġ
postijiet li jammontaw għal 10, li

213
00:09:37,990 --> 00:09:41,820
huwa eżattament dak A huwa ekwivalenti għal.

214
00:09:41,820 --> 00:09:45,114
Allura dak it-tip ta 'faċli
mod biex jaħsbu dwar dan.

215
00:09:45,114 --> 00:09:46,405
Mistoqsijiet oħra fuq hexadeċimali.

216
00:09:46,405 --> 00:09:50,510

217
00:09:50,510 --> 00:09:56,870
>> OK, hekk issa aħna qed tmur biex tieħu
ħarsa lejn operaturi bitwise.

218
00:09:56,870 --> 00:09:58,882
Allura dawn jistgħu definittivament
toħroġ fuq il-kwizz.

219
00:09:58,882 --> 00:10:00,590
Naf aħna ma
ħadem magħhom lott.

220
00:10:00,590 --> 00:10:02,756
Iżda aħna qed biss se jagħmlu
reviżjoni ftit ta 'dawn.

221
00:10:02,756 --> 00:10:05,490
Hekk nisperaw li dawn se jkunu
ftit aktar familjari għalik.

222
00:10:05,490 --> 00:10:10,220
Allura s-sitt operaturi bitwise
li għandna huma elenkati hawn.

223
00:10:10,220 --> 00:10:13,340
U huma ejjew jimmanipulaw
bits individwali.

224
00:10:13,340 --> 00:10:16,676
Allura l-operatur U
huwa ampersand wieħed.

225
00:10:16,676 --> 00:10:18,550
Ma jħawdux li ma
l ampersand doppja,

226
00:10:18,550 --> 00:10:21,840
li hija l-loġika U li
tikri us iqabblu żewġ affarijiet.

227
00:10:21,840 --> 00:10:25,860
>> Il uniku U huwa kif nistgħu
jimmanipulaw affarijiet bitwise.

228
00:10:25,860 --> 00:10:29,910
Allura dan jagħtina r-riżultat ta '1 jekk iż-żewġ
mill-argumenti li aħna qed jitqabblu

229
00:10:29,910 --> 00:10:32,440
huma l-same-- jew huma 1.

230
00:10:32,440 --> 00:10:39,370
U l-bar vertikali, JEW, se tagħti
us 1 jekk mill-inqas wieħed minnhom huwa 1.

231
00:10:39,370 --> 00:10:41,460
Allura bażikament eżattament
dak il-kliem jimplika.

232
00:10:41,460 --> 00:10:46,640
U, jekk iż-żewġ bits huma
1, 1 u 1 tagħtina 1.

233
00:10:46,640 --> 00:10:51,769
Iżda ma 'l-OR, jekk huwa 0 jew
1, jew 1 jew 1, fi kwalunkwe każ,

234
00:10:51,769 --> 00:10:53,060
għandna 1 bħala wieħed minnhom.

235
00:10:53,060 --> 00:10:54,101
Mela allura aħna se tikseb 1.

236
00:10:54,101 --> 00:10:56,320
UDJENZA: X'tifhem
li jgħid li jagħti 1?

237
00:10:56,320 --> 00:10:58,236
>> Camille REKHSON: Il-
riżultat. Tip ta ', bħalek

238
00:10:58,236 --> 00:11:05,060
would-- jekk inti ma 0 u 1, l
riżultat ta 'dan ikun 1-- jew 0

239
00:11:05,060 --> 00:11:08,920
u 1 bir-riżultat ta '
li jkun 0, sorry.

240
00:11:08,920 --> 00:11:12,190
Yeah, kien tip ta 'l-
riżultat tal-espressjoni.

241
00:11:12,190 --> 00:11:16,520
U mbagħad, dan is-simbolu caret
hija l-XOR, jew JEW esklussiva.

242
00:11:16,520 --> 00:11:21,920
Allura dan ifisser esklussivament waħda jew eżattament
wieħed miż-żewġ argumenti huwa ugwali għal 1.

243
00:11:21,920 --> 00:11:24,210
U allura jtik 1.

244
00:11:24,210 --> 00:11:27,370
>> Il-linja squiggly ftit
huwa l-operatur MHUX.

245
00:11:27,370 --> 00:11:31,940
Allura kuntrarjament għall-bqija ta 'dawn,
li joperaw fuq par ta 'bits,

246
00:11:31,940 --> 00:11:34,930
l-operatur MHUX tieħu biss
bit waħda, u se flip.

247
00:11:34,930 --> 00:11:37,640
Mela jekk inti give-- jekk inti tagħmel
MHUX 0, ikun jagħtuk 1.

248
00:11:37,640 --> 00:11:40,248
U jekk inti ma 1,
dan jagħti inti 0.

249
00:11:40,248 --> 00:11:40,748
Yeah?

250
00:11:40,748 --> 00:11:41,150
>> UDJENZA: X'hemm differenza
bejn il-OR b'linja waħda

251
00:11:41,150 --> 00:11:41,983
u l-aktar imbiegħda b'żewġ?

252
00:11:41,983 --> 00:11:44,430

253
00:11:44,430 --> 00:11:46,930
Camille REKHSON: Allura l-OR ma
żewġ linji hija l-aktar imbiegħda loġiku.

254
00:11:46,930 --> 00:11:52,430
Allura dak għall-paragun
żewġ numri interi sħiħa, jew two--

255
00:11:52,430 --> 00:11:53,730
biex tara jekk l-affarijiet huma ugwali.

256
00:11:53,730 --> 00:11:58,340
Jew bħal tagħmel din hija egwali għal dan,
OR din hija egwali għal dan il-ħaġa tip.

257
00:11:58,340 --> 00:12:04,090
Billi l-bar unika jew,
huwa biex tagħmel affarijiet bitwise.

258
00:12:04,090 --> 00:12:04,590
Yeah.

259
00:12:04,590 --> 00:12:06,680
>> UDJENZA: X'tifhem minn bitwise?

260
00:12:06,680 --> 00:12:10,330
>> Camille REKHSON: Allura bitwise qed taħdem
direttament mal-bits fil binarju.

261
00:12:10,330 --> 00:12:11,596
>> UDJENZA: Oh, nara.

262
00:12:11,596 --> 00:12:15,000
>> Camille REKHSON: Yeah, hekk
ħidma ma 0 u 1 ta.

263
00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:18,310
Aħna ser nagħmlu ftit eżempji ta 'dan
wara, biss hekk mhuwiex wisq konfużjoni.

264
00:12:18,310 --> 00:12:20,970
U allura l-aħħar tnejn huma l-
shift xellug u l-bidla dritt.

265
00:12:20,970 --> 00:12:23,970
Liema huma bażikament tnejn inqas minn
sinjali jew tnejn akbar minn sinjali.

266
00:12:23,970 --> 00:12:26,294
U huma jixxaqleb għal daqsxejn
in-numru mogħti ta 'postijiet

267
00:12:26,294 --> 00:12:27,710
li inti tagħti fid-direzzjoni.

268
00:12:27,710 --> 00:12:29,980
Għalhekk ikun jew bidla li
lejn ix-xellug, jew lejn il-lemin.

269
00:12:29,980 --> 00:12:30,480
Yeah?

270
00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:32,470
UDJENZA: X'inhu l-sintassi għat-tmexxija?

271
00:12:32,470 --> 00:12:33,950
>> Camille REKHSON: Aħna ser
jmorru permezz ta 'eżempju fit-tieni.

272
00:12:33,950 --> 00:12:35,680
Hekk nisperaw, li se jgħinu.

273
00:12:35,680 --> 00:12:41,060
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet dwar kemm
x'hemm up here, before-- OK.

274
00:12:41,060 --> 00:12:43,821
Allura jmorru permezz ta 'xi eżempji.

275
00:12:43,821 --> 00:12:45,070
Nibdew bl-U dawk.

276
00:12:45,070 --> 00:12:47,880
X'għandu nagħmlu jekk irridu ma 0 u 1?

277
00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:48,899
>> UDJENZA: 0.

278
00:12:48,899 --> 00:12:50,690
Camille REKHSON: OK,
u jekk aħna ma 1 U 1?

279
00:12:50,690 --> 00:12:51,622
UDJENZA: 1.

280
00:12:51,622 --> 00:12:54,490
Camille REKHSON: Yeah,
dak jekk aħna ma 0 jew waħda?

281
00:12:54,490 --> 00:12:55,094
UDJENZA: 1.

282
00:12:55,094 --> 00:12:56,510
Camille REKHSON: Kif dwar 1 JEW 1?

283
00:12:56,510 --> 00:12:57,404
UDJENZA: 1.

284
00:12:57,404 --> 00:13:00,410
Camille REKHSON: OK, kif madwar 0 XOR 1?

285
00:13:00,410 --> 00:13:01,380
UDJENZA: 1.

286
00:13:01,380 --> 00:13:03,120
Camille REKHSON: U 1 XOR 1?

287
00:13:03,120 --> 00:13:03,902
UDJENZA: 0.

288
00:13:03,902 --> 00:13:05,360
Camille REKHSON: You guys huma tajbin.

289
00:13:05,360 --> 00:13:06,510
Kif dwar MHUX 0?

290
00:13:06,510 --> 00:13:07,265
>> UDJENZA: 1.

291
00:13:07,265 --> 00:13:08,390
Camille REKHSON: U MHUX 1?

292
00:13:08,390 --> 00:13:09,602
UDJENZA: 0.

293
00:13:09,602 --> 00:13:12,810
Camille REKHSON: OK, u mbagħad dan l-aħħar
One ftit wieħed ma 'l-ċaqliq.

294
00:13:12,810 --> 00:13:18,700
Allura jekk aħna inizjali stabbilit x li tkun ta '8, u
allura y hija x tinbidel għall-xellug 3,

295
00:13:18,700 --> 00:13:19,760
dak li dak tagħtina?

296
00:13:19,760 --> 00:13:20,676
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible].

297
00:13:20,676 --> 00:13:22,817

298
00:13:22,817 --> 00:13:24,150
Camille REKHSON: Say li għal darb'oħra.

299
00:13:24,150 --> 00:13:26,740
UDJENZA: [inaudible].

300
00:13:26,740 --> 00:13:28,766
Camille REKHSON: Allura, dan
attwalment tagħtina 64.

301
00:13:28,766 --> 00:13:29,876
UDJENZA: [inaudible].

302
00:13:29,876 --> 00:13:32,250
Camille REKHSON: Hekk jien biss
ser jikteb dan up hawn,

303
00:13:32,250 --> 00:13:34,700
hekk dan jagħmel xi ftit ta 'sens.

304
00:13:34,700 --> 00:13:45,120
Jekk ikollna 2 għall-0, 2 għall-1,
2 għall-2, 2 sa 3 se tkun ta '8.

305
00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:52,380
U jekk irridu li ċċaqlaq 3 bits aktar
lejn ix-xellug, li jkun 2 sa 4,

306
00:13:52,380 --> 00:13:57,270
2 sa 5, u 2 għall-
6, u 2 sa 6 huwa 64.

307
00:13:57,270 --> 00:13:59,920

308
00:13:59,920 --> 00:14:01,110
Does li jagħmel sens?

309
00:14:01,110 --> 00:14:05,291

310
00:14:05,291 --> 00:14:05,791
Iva.

311
00:14:05,791 --> 00:14:08,725
>> Udjenza: Does li shift l-1 ta
u 0 TAL-numru binarju li the--

312
00:14:08,725 --> 00:14:09,600
>> Camille REKHSON: Iva.

313
00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:12,150

314
00:14:12,150 --> 00:14:15,170
U int mhux se jkollhom għalfejn tinkwieta dwar il-
kwizz dwar dawn tkun negattiva.

315
00:14:15,170 --> 00:14:19,510
Aħna mhux se tagħmel inti jittrattaw
bidliet negattivi f'kwalunkwe mod.

316
00:14:19,510 --> 00:14:24,070
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra dwar dan?

317
00:14:24,070 --> 00:14:24,570
Iva.

318
00:14:24,570 --> 00:14:30,570
>> UDJENZA: Jekk huwa ċċaqlaq lejn il-lemin,
xi ħaġa li wasn't-- xi ħaġa li

319
00:14:30,570 --> 00:14:33,220
oriġinarjament ma kenitx parti mill-ħaġa 0?

320
00:14:33,220 --> 00:14:37,110
>> Camille REKHSON: Yeah, inti
żid ftit 0 fuq fl-oriġinal.

321
00:14:37,110 --> 00:14:38,110
Yeah.

322
00:14:38,110 --> 00:14:41,540
>> UDJENZA: Allura x'hemm li 100
tinbidel għall--dritt tliet darbiet?

323
00:14:41,540 --> 00:14:43,290
Camille REKHSON: 100
qalbu lejn il-lemin,

324
00:14:43,290 --> 00:14:46,057
b'tali mod li se jieħu kollha ta 'l
Tal-1 ta 'u 0 u biss tbiddilhom

325
00:14:46,057 --> 00:14:48,515
għad-dritt kemm drabi
inti huwa li neqilbu għal-lemin.

326
00:14:48,515 --> 00:14:50,452
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]?

327
00:14:50,452 --> 00:14:53,160
Camille REKHSON: Well, 100-- huma
inti titkellem dwarhom 100 fl binarju,

328
00:14:53,160 --> 00:14:53,910
jew 100 fl deċimali?

329
00:14:53,910 --> 00:14:55,750
UDJENZA: Jien sorry, 100 fil binarja.

330
00:14:55,750 --> 00:14:58,916
>> Camille REKHSON: 100 fil binarju,
jekk inti bidla lill-right--

331
00:14:58,916 --> 00:15:01,040
jekk inti bidla lejn il-lemin
ladarba, tista 'ssir 10.

332
00:15:01,040 --> 00:15:04,430
Jekk inti bidla hija lejn il-lemin
darbtejn, tista 'ssir 001.

333
00:15:04,430 --> 00:15:07,590
U allura jekk inti bidla mill-ġdid,
inti tip ta 'jitilfu l-bit.

334
00:15:07,590 --> 00:15:09,610
Yeah, li jinsab biss 0.

335
00:15:09,610 --> 00:15:12,140
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra dwar dan?

336
00:15:12,140 --> 00:15:12,835
Iva.

337
00:15:12,835 --> 00:15:14,695
>> UDJENZA: Allura imbagħad isir 000.

338
00:15:14,695 --> 00:15:17,020
>> Camille REKHSON: Iva.

339
00:15:17,020 --> 00:15:22,150
OK, so ejja jmorru permezz ta '
Ftit ftit ta 'matematika ASCII.

340
00:15:22,150 --> 00:15:25,120
Allura karattri jistgħu essenzjalment
jiġu ttrattati bħala interi

341
00:15:25,120 --> 00:15:28,290
ibbażata fuq il-valuri ASCII tagħhom.

342
00:15:28,290 --> 00:15:35,250
Allura jekk aħna sib int A ekwivalenti għal 65, int B
huwa ugwali A flimkien ma '1, char int C ugwali

343
00:15:35,250 --> 00:15:39,565
D minus 1, u char D ugwali 68,
dak li jistampa fil-qiegħ?

344
00:15:39,565 --> 00:15:46,150

345
00:15:46,150 --> 00:15:49,720
>> Allura, aħna qed istampar
these-- bless you-- aħna qed

346
00:15:49,720 --> 00:15:53,520
istampar dawn kollha kif
Chars ibbażat fuq il-mija C.

347
00:15:53,520 --> 00:15:56,320
Allura aħna qed bażikament istampar out
il-valur karattru ta 'l-erba

348
00:15:56,320 --> 00:15:58,600
ta 'dawn il-varjabbli.

349
00:15:58,600 --> 00:16:04,280
Bħala ħjiel, 65 huwa l-valur ASCII
tal-kapital A. Forsi li għen.

350
00:16:04,280 --> 00:16:04,780
Xiex?

351
00:16:04,780 --> 00:16:05,530
>> UDJENZA: ABCD.

352
00:16:05,530 --> 00:16:07,780
>> Camille REKHSON: Yeah, hekk
dan jistampa eżattament

353
00:16:07,780 --> 00:16:10,290
ABCD għaliex aħna waqqafna int A
daqs il-valur ASCII A.

354
00:16:10,290 --> 00:16:13,085
Mela jekk aħna istampar li fl bħala
karattru, aħna biss jiksbu kapital A,

355
00:16:13,085 --> 00:16:15,540
A plus 1 tkun kapitali B fil ASCII.

356
00:16:15,540 --> 00:16:19,260
D minus 1 ikun il-kapital C fil ASCII.

357
00:16:19,260 --> 00:16:25,185
U 68 huwa l-valur ASCII
tal D. Mistoqsijiet dwar ASCII?

358
00:16:25,185 --> 00:16:25,685
Iva.

359
00:16:25,685 --> 00:16:31,370
>> UDJENZA: Allura, il-virgoletti madwar
A, ma li bidla A għall-ASCII?

360
00:16:31,370 --> 00:16:34,456
>> Camille REKHSON: Hija uses-- it
kwotazzjonijiet count-- uniku madwar l-A

361
00:16:34,456 --> 00:16:35,330
jagħmilha karattru.

362
00:16:35,330 --> 00:16:37,600
U jekk int jittrattaw
huwa fin-numru form--

363
00:16:37,600 --> 00:16:40,320
hekk meta, bħal f'dan il-każ, huwa
qed tiġi trattata bħala int--

364
00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:44,664
allura jittrattaw
ma huwa valur ASCII.

365
00:16:44,664 --> 00:16:45,164
Iva.

366
00:16:45,164 --> 00:16:50,060
>> UDJENZA: Do you jirrakkomandaw li
għandna tabella referenza ASCII?

367
00:16:50,060 --> 00:16:51,900
>> Camille REKHSON: I ma think--

368
00:16:51,900 --> 00:16:54,720
>> UDJENZA: Jew ikun jidher biss
ikunu jittrattaw ma 'dawn?

369
00:16:54,720 --> 00:16:56,210
>> Camille REKHSON: I think we
tagħmel dan ma 'affarijiet faċli.

370
00:16:56,210 --> 00:16:58,168
I ma naħsibx li kieku
iweġġgħu biex jikteb forsi

371
00:16:58,168 --> 00:17:02,653
dak il-kapital A u zghar A huma, biss
liema huma dawk firxiet qed jibdew bihom.

372
00:17:02,653 --> 00:17:05,819
Imma ma naħsibx li għandek bżonn tieħu l
l-ispazju li jitqiegħed tabella ASCII kollu.

373
00:17:05,819 --> 00:17:06,803
Yeah.

374
00:17:06,803 --> 00:17:09,755
>> UDJENZA: X'hemm differenza
bejn tgħid int A u char C,

375
00:17:09,755 --> 00:17:12,720
simili tagħmel fil-quċċata?

376
00:17:12,720 --> 00:17:17,380
>> Camille REKHSON: Allura huwa biss
kif thats maħżuna fil-memorja.

377
00:17:17,380 --> 00:17:20,010
Iżda int tista 'titratta dan jew mod.

378
00:17:20,010 --> 00:17:23,274
Bħal naraw hawn, nagħmlu print
l-A bħala karattru.

379
00:17:23,274 --> 00:17:24,690
UDJENZA: Allura dak l-istess bħal A?

380
00:17:24,690 --> 00:17:25,606
Camille REKHSON: Yeah.

381
00:17:25,606 --> 00:17:28,030

382
00:17:28,030 --> 00:17:29,537
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra?

383
00:17:29,537 --> 00:17:32,022
>> UDJENZA: Allura,-mija C
huwa qal stampar ta 'char?

384
00:17:32,022 --> 00:17:33,016
>> Camille REKHSON: Iva.

385
00:17:33,016 --> 00:17:35,501
>> UDJENZA: Għalhekk anki jekk A għandu biss
ġie definit bħala numru sħiħ,

386
00:17:35,501 --> 00:17:37,569
jekk nippruvaw għal stampar ta '
char bħala 65, it would--

387
00:17:37,569 --> 00:17:40,110
Camille REKHSON: Dan imur għall
bażikament tmur għall chart ASCII

388
00:17:40,110 --> 00:17:42,990
u gets kwalunkwe karattri
fil-grafika ASCII għal li 65.

389
00:17:42,990 --> 00:17:43,840
>> UDJENZA: Grazzi.

390
00:17:43,840 --> 00:17:44,756
>> Camille REKHSON: Yeah.

391
00:17:44,756 --> 00:17:45,445
Iva?

392
00:17:45,445 --> 00:17:50,620
>> UDJENZA: Mela jekk inti ma% I,% I,
% I,% I, ikun jidher biss print--

393
00:17:50,620 --> 00:17:52,620
Camille REKHSON: Yeah,
jekk inti ma 4% tal kollha I, it

394
00:17:52,620 --> 00:17:57,170
se jistampa l-ASCII
valuri ta 'kull erbgħa minnhom.

395
00:17:57,170 --> 00:17:59,483
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra?

396
00:17:59,483 --> 00:18:06,310
OK, so ambitu, bażikament din
jgħinna ddeterminat fejn

397
00:18:06,310 --> 00:18:08,450
varjabbli jeżisti fil-programm tiegħek.

398
00:18:08,450 --> 00:18:11,910
Allura konna tkellimna dwar żewġ differenti
tipi ta 'ambitu, globali u lokali.

399
00:18:11,910 --> 00:18:14,560
>> Jekk varjabbli huwa globalment scoped,
dan ifisser programm kollu tiegħek

400
00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:16,292
ikollu aċċess għal dak il-varjabbli.

401
00:18:16,292 --> 00:18:18,000
U jekk inti globalment
ambitu varjabbli, inti

402
00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:19,510
tiddikjaraha qabel funzjoni prinċipali tiegħek.

403
00:18:19,510 --> 00:18:20,830
Allura dan isir id-dritt barra l-BAT.

404
00:18:20,830 --> 00:18:22,950
U mbagħad kollu tiegħek
programm tista 'aċċess.

405
00:18:22,950 --> 00:18:26,070
>> Jekk huwa scoped biss lokalment, li
varjabbli konfinata għal xi reġjun speċifiku.

406
00:18:26,070 --> 00:18:29,705
Mela jekk inti tiddikjara fi għal loop,
biss li għal loop tista 'aċċess.

407
00:18:29,705 --> 00:18:31,580
Jew jekk inti tiddikjara fi ħdan
funzjoni speċifika,

408
00:18:31,580 --> 00:18:34,940
biss dik il-funzjoni tista 'aċċess.

409
00:18:34,940 --> 00:18:38,265
Mistoqsijiet dwar l-ambitu.

410
00:18:38,265 --> 00:18:41,570
>> OK, so prototipi funzjoni.

411
00:18:41,570 --> 00:18:45,360
Bażikament għaliex C, meta
dan jikkompila, jgħid top down.

412
00:18:45,360 --> 00:18:48,800
Jekk inti tiddikjara funzjoni
tard fil-kodiċi tiegħek,

413
00:18:48,800 --> 00:18:51,670
l kumpilatur ma jafx
li teżisti dik il-funzjoni.

414
00:18:51,670 --> 00:18:55,690
Allura dak li nużaw huma prototipi,
li bażikament tgħid il-kompilatur,

415
00:18:55,690 --> 00:18:58,710
din il-funzjoni teżisti, mur tħares
għaliha aktar tard fil-kodiċi.

416
00:18:58,710 --> 00:19:00,900
Allura l-mod li inti tagħmel
prototip funzjoni

417
00:19:00,900 --> 00:19:03,020
huwa eżattament kif tibda
off kitba ta 'funzjoni.

418
00:19:03,020 --> 00:19:05,310
Inti tagħti t-tip ta 'ritorn,
l-isem tal-funzjoni,

419
00:19:05,310 --> 00:19:08,930
u mbagħad ebda argument
li dik il-funzjoni jieħu.

420
00:19:08,930 --> 00:19:13,970
>> Allura, biex tħares lejn eżempju malajr, f'dan
każ jekk il-funzjoni tagħna li aħna qed tuża hawn

421
00:19:13,970 --> 00:19:15,340
hija bażikament funzjoni kubu.

422
00:19:15,340 --> 00:19:19,170
Allura filwaqt li fl integer u
jirritorna l-kubu ta 'dak numru sħiħ.

423
00:19:19,170 --> 00:19:23,190
Allura għaliex konna bil-miktub li
funzjoni taħt il-funzjoni ewlenija tiegħu,

424
00:19:23,190 --> 00:19:26,300
u aħna tixtieq li tuża l-
output ta 'that-- jew aħna

425
00:19:26,300 --> 00:19:28,630
jridu dik il-funzjoni
fil-funzjoni prinċipali tagħna,

426
00:19:28,630 --> 00:19:31,980
npoġġux mod prototip tiegħu
fil-quċċata tal-programm tagħna.

427
00:19:31,980 --> 00:19:34,460
U allura meta nitolbu
fil-funzjoni prinċipali tagħna,

428
00:19:34,460 --> 00:19:38,800
l kompilatur jaf li dik il-funzjoni hija
miktub wara, u se jmorru tfittex għal dan,

429
00:19:38,800 --> 00:19:40,910
u se jużawh sewwa.

430
00:19:40,910 --> 00:19:45,190
Mistoqsijiet dwar prototipi?

431
00:19:45,190 --> 00:19:45,690
Iva.

432
00:19:45,690 --> 00:19:46,940
>> UDJENZA: Allura x'inhu l-punt?

433
00:19:46,940 --> 00:19:49,374

434
00:19:49,374 --> 00:19:50,915
I ma jsibux l-punt ta 'prototipi.

435
00:19:50,915 --> 00:19:52,820
Għaliex mhux biss ikollhom l-isfel hemmhekk?

436
00:19:52,820 --> 00:19:54,903
>> Camille REKHSON: Ukoll jekk
huwa stabbiliti hawn, allura meta

437
00:19:54,903 --> 00:19:57,020
ikollok għal-linja kubu ta
x fil-funzjoni prinċipali tiegħek,

438
00:19:57,020 --> 00:19:59,495
l kumpilatur se jkollu ebda idea li
il-funzjoni kubu fil-fatt teżisti.

439
00:19:59,495 --> 00:20:01,310
>> UDJENZA: Ma kellekx inti
biss jitqiegħed quddiem?

440
00:20:01,310 --> 00:20:02,350
>> Camille REKHSON: Huwa
prattika kodifikazzjoni aħjar

441
00:20:02,350 --> 00:20:04,150
li tqiegħed lilha taħt funzjoni prinċipali tiegħek.

442
00:20:04,150 --> 00:20:06,350
Allura hu għalhekk li nixtiequ
jagħmlu l-ħolqien ta 'prototipi.

443
00:20:06,350 --> 00:20:07,680
Sempliċiment għax, jekk inti
kellhom ħafna ta 'funzjonijiet,

444
00:20:07,680 --> 00:20:10,180
ikun verament messy li
tinqara permezz ta 'dawk il-funzjonijiet kollha

445
00:20:10,180 --> 00:20:12,030
qabel ikollok l-laħam tal-programm tiegħek.

446
00:20:12,030 --> 00:20:13,888
Yeah, u kellek q--

447
00:20:13,888 --> 00:20:16,796
>> UDJENZA: Allura, huwa ddikjarat
varjabbli tiegħek up fil-quċċata

448
00:20:16,796 --> 00:20:18,795
sabiex inti tista 'jkollhom aċċess għaliha,
jagħmilha varjabbli globali?

449
00:20:18,795 --> 00:20:21,119
Hija li simili għal dan
fejn huwa ddikjarat li

450
00:20:21,119 --> 00:20:23,660
up hemm, b'tali mod li jaf li
li għaddej biex jkollhom aċċess għaliha aktar tard

451
00:20:23,660 --> 00:20:24,762
u inti tista 'tagħmel użu minnha?

452
00:20:24,762 --> 00:20:26,146
>> Camille REKHSON: Yeah.

453
00:20:26,146 --> 00:20:26,646
Iva.

454
00:20:26,646 --> 00:20:30,414
>> UDJENZA: Jekk the-- kwalunkwe addizzjonali
funzjonijiet inti toħloq ewlenin barra

455
00:20:30,414 --> 00:20:31,840
ta 'dan il-ħaġa, or--

456
00:20:31,840 --> 00:20:33,760
>> Camille REKHSON: Yeah, jekk int
ħolqien prinċipali functions-- oħra

457
00:20:33,760 --> 00:20:36,385
nnifisha hija l-function-- hekk jekk
int ħolqien funzjonijiet oħra,

458
00:20:36,385 --> 00:20:37,555
dawn għandhom ikunu barra.

459
00:20:37,555 --> 00:20:38,055
Iva?

460
00:20:38,055 --> 00:20:39,734
>> UDJENZA: X'hemm fil-mija D?

461
00:20:39,734 --> 00:20:42,150
Camille REKHSON: Perċentwali D huwa
l-istess ħaġa bħat-mija I.

462
00:20:42,150 --> 00:20:45,915
Hija tirreferi għal numru sħiħ.

463
00:20:45,915 --> 00:20:47,895
Iva.

464
00:20:47,895 --> 00:20:50,370
>> UDJENZA: Allura dak li qed tagħmel ewlenija int?

465
00:20:50,370 --> 00:20:51,724
Liema kienet li null?

466
00:20:51,724 --> 00:20:53,890
Camille REKHSON: Null jgħid
jieħu fir ebda argumenti.

467
00:20:53,890 --> 00:20:55,320
UDJENZA: [inaudible].

468
00:20:55,320 --> 00:20:57,570
Camille REKHSON: Tista
jitkellmu louder ftit, sorry?

469
00:20:57,570 --> 00:21:00,153
UDJENZA: Yeah, sorry, għaliex ma
inti tpoġġi invalidu għal-ewwel wieħed,

470
00:21:00,153 --> 00:21:02,297
u mbagħad int input għat-tieni waħda?

471
00:21:02,297 --> 00:21:04,720

472
00:21:04,720 --> 00:21:07,470
Camille REKHSON: Oh, għaż-żewġ
different-- għall-funzjoni prinċipali

473
00:21:07,470 --> 00:21:09,290
kontra l-funzjoni kubu?

474
00:21:09,290 --> 00:21:13,360
Allura fil-funzjoni ewlenija tiegħu,
nużaw nulli minħabba li hemm

475
00:21:13,360 --> 00:21:16,870
l-ebda parametri li jiġu meħuda.

476
00:21:16,870 --> 00:21:19,425
Billi fil-kubu
funzjoni, għandna input.

477
00:21:19,425 --> 00:21:22,300
C'est pourquoi jgħid int, input,
għaliex hemm argumenti li aħna qed

478
00:21:22,300 --> 00:21:24,571
filwaqt li fl jiddekorri funzjoni tagħna.

479
00:21:24,571 --> 00:21:25,070
Yeah.

480
00:21:25,070 --> 00:21:27,770

481
00:21:27,770 --> 00:21:30,464
Hemm mistoqsijiet?

482
00:21:30,464 --> 00:21:34,520
>> OK, u mbagħad malajr
punt varjabbli impreċiżjoni.

483
00:21:34,520 --> 00:21:37,200
Allura aħna għandna numri reali infinitament ħafna.

484
00:21:37,200 --> 00:21:38,950
Iżda hemm biss
numru finit ta 'bits

485
00:21:38,950 --> 00:21:42,880
li nistgħu nużaw biex juru dawk
numri, u tirrappreżentahom.

486
00:21:42,880 --> 00:21:45,020
Mela allura aħna jispiċċaw ma 'xi nuqqas ta' preċiżjoni.

487
00:21:45,020 --> 00:21:49,190
U numri tiegħek mhux se
dejjem jkun pjuttost eżattament dak

488
00:21:49,190 --> 00:21:51,810
taħseb li huma meta int
jittrattaw punt varjabbli.

489
00:21:51,810 --> 00:21:53,650
Dan huwa biss xi ħaġa tajba li tkun taf.

490
00:21:53,650 --> 00:21:56,628
Mistoqsijiet dwar dan?

491
00:21:56,628 --> 00:21:59,610
Iva.

492
00:21:59,610 --> 00:22:02,090
>> UDJENZA: Huwa dan jirreferi
l-idea ta 'bit overflow

493
00:22:02,090 --> 00:22:03,089
li kien fil-lecture?

494
00:22:03,089 --> 00:22:06,080
Kienet li xi ħaġa separati?

495
00:22:06,080 --> 00:22:09,650
>> Camille REKHSON: Huma qed
kompletament separati, yeah.

496
00:22:09,650 --> 00:22:11,160
OK, kbir.

497
00:22:11,160 --> 00:22:16,369

498
00:22:16,369 --> 00:22:17,452
PULAK Goyal: Hi, kulħadd.

499
00:22:17,452 --> 00:22:19,872
Jisimni Pulak, u jien ser
jkun għaddej matul pointers.

500
00:22:19,872 --> 00:22:23,260

501
00:22:23,260 --> 00:22:25,720
OK, so ejja ewwel think
dwar dak memorja Dehra.

502
00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:28,610
Allura kif tista 'tara hawn, aħna
jieħu memorja u aħna jaqsamha up

503
00:22:28,610 --> 00:22:30,090
fi mazz ta 'blokki.

504
00:22:30,090 --> 00:22:33,150
U aħna referenza kull
blokk minn indirizz, id-dritt?

505
00:22:33,150 --> 00:22:37,196
U ħadd ma tiftakar dak it-tip ta '
notazzjoni nużaw sabiex jindika indirizz?

506
00:22:37,196 --> 00:22:38,510
>> UDJENZA: Eżadeċimali, 0X.

507
00:22:38,510 --> 00:22:39,510
>> PULAK Goyal: Eżadeċimali, id-dritt?

508
00:22:39,510 --> 00:22:41,509
Allura l-0X ifisser li aħna qed
jitkellem dwar hexadeċimali.

509
00:22:41,509 --> 00:22:45,740

510
00:22:45,740 --> 00:22:48,360
OK, so kif nistgħu joħolqu pointers?

511
00:22:48,360 --> 00:22:51,960
Allura aħna jieħdu t-tip, aħna
jitqiegħdu it-- żid stilla miegħu,

512
00:22:51,960 --> 00:22:53,760
u allura aħna żid l-isem varjabbli.

513
00:22:53,760 --> 00:22:59,280
Allura l-eżempji Rajna l int
star x, y star char, u float tibda z.

514
00:22:59,280 --> 00:23:01,380
Allura meta I say star int
x, jista 'xi ħadd tell me

515
00:23:01,380 --> 00:23:03,965
dak li nkun qiegħed tip ta 'jitkellem dwar hemmhekk?

516
00:23:03,965 --> 00:23:05,710
>> UDJENZA: Il-lokazzjoni ta 'l-disk.

517
00:23:05,710 --> 00:23:06,890
>> PULAK Goyal: Jiddispjacini, liema?

518
00:23:06,890 --> 00:23:07,723
Inti tista 'tirrepeti li?

519
00:23:07,723 --> 00:23:09,250
UDJENZA: Il-lokazzjoni ta 'disk.

520
00:23:09,250 --> 00:23:12,390
>> PULAK Goyal: Allura actually-- iva, liema
I fisser, huwa meta għandna int star x,

521
00:23:12,390 --> 00:23:14,400
aħna qed tgħid huwa ħolqien
pointer, u

522
00:23:14,400 --> 00:23:17,130
jista 'jaħżen l-indirizz ta'
varjabbli thats int, id-dritt?

523
00:23:17,130 --> 00:23:21,810
Allura ma y star char,
aħna qed joħolqu pointer

524
00:23:21,810 --> 00:23:24,220
li jista 'jaħżen l-indirizz
ta 'varjabbli li l-char.

525
00:23:24,220 --> 00:23:26,270
Allura li jagħmel sens għal kulħadd?

526
00:23:26,270 --> 00:23:29,600
OK, berred

527
00:23:29,600 --> 00:23:33,450
>> OK, so ma pointers, hemm
żewġ operazzjonijiet importanti li nistgħu nagħmlu.

528
00:23:33,450 --> 00:23:36,630
Hemm referenzar, u
theres dereferencing.

529
00:23:36,630 --> 00:23:37,130
Yeah?

530
00:23:37,130 --> 00:23:38,760
>> UDJENZA: Tista 'tmur
ftit aktar bil-mod?

531
00:23:38,760 --> 00:23:39,510
>> PULAK Goyal: Sure.

532
00:23:39,510 --> 00:23:45,350
Yeah, yeah so--, jistaqsu mistoqsijiet kif mmur
flimkien jekk you-- jekk xi ħaġa mhux ċar.

533
00:23:45,350 --> 00:23:47,240
Allura aħna għandna referenzar
u dereferencing.

534
00:23:47,240 --> 00:23:51,680
Allura meta inti tixtieq li tikseb l-indirizz
ta 'varjabbli, allura l-użu l-ampersand.

535
00:23:51,680 --> 00:23:53,620
Mela ejja ngħidu I ddikjarat Int x x'imkien.

536
00:23:53,620 --> 00:23:57,450
U nixtieq li tikseb l-indirizz ta 'dak
u li jgħaddi bi, Jien kont nagħmel ampersand x.

537
00:23:57,450 --> 00:24:01,260
U meta inti tixtieq li tikseb l-
valur assoċjat ma 'pointer,

538
00:24:01,260 --> 00:24:04,670
tuża l-dereference
operatur, li hija stilla.

539
00:24:04,670 --> 00:24:08,570
>> Allura tikri say I kellhom int star x, u
I kieku tipponta lejn xi ħaġa.

540
00:24:08,570 --> 00:24:13,510
Jekk I rridu nġibu l-valur ta 'dak li huwa
tipponta lejn, nixtieq biss tagħmel star x.

541
00:24:13,510 --> 00:24:14,960
Huwa dan ċar?

542
00:24:14,960 --> 00:24:16,390
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet dwar dan?

543
00:24:16,390 --> 00:24:18,129
Yeah.

544
00:24:18,129 --> 00:24:25,275
>> UDJENZA: Allura ġenerali, inti
mhux se tkun tista 'tagħmel fid x u stilla

545
00:24:25,275 --> 00:24:27,135
x bl-istess x.

546
00:24:27,135 --> 00:24:28,740
Hija li korretta?

547
00:24:28,740 --> 00:24:31,800
Għaliex jekk x huwa
varjabbli, imbagħad inti għandek

548
00:24:31,800 --> 00:24:35,980
li tagħmel fid x li tikseb li huwa pointer.

549
00:24:35,980 --> 00:24:40,810
Imma jekk x huwa pointer, imbagħad inti għandek bżonn
tagħmel star x biex jiksbu l-varjabbli.

550
00:24:40,810 --> 00:24:43,240
>> PULAK Goyal: Iva, sabiex il-
kwistjoni kienet dwar meta

551
00:24:43,240 --> 00:24:45,750
do nużaw star-- meta
kieku inti tuża l-istilla,

552
00:24:45,750 --> 00:24:47,470
u meta nużaw l-
ampersand, u nistgħu

553
00:24:47,470 --> 00:24:49,160
użu ma 'l-istess tip ta' varjabbli?

554
00:24:49,160 --> 00:24:51,810
Mela normalment jekk għandek,
per eżempju, int x,

555
00:24:51,810 --> 00:24:55,170
inti tkun aktar tuża l-
ampersand li jiksbu l-indirizz ta 'dak.

556
00:24:55,170 --> 00:24:58,220
Minħabba li ma jagħmilx
sens li b'rispett fis x.

557
00:24:58,220 --> 00:25:04,220
Billi, jekk kellna star int x,
youd tkun qed tuża l-operazzjoni dereference

558
00:25:04,220 --> 00:25:07,910
minħabba li ma jagħmel ebda sens
għall-użu fil x f'dak il-każ.

559
00:25:07,910 --> 00:25:09,582
Does li jagħmel sens?

560
00:25:09,582 --> 00:25:13,192
>> UDJENZA: Allura inti ma tistax
u, u mbagħad pointer?

561
00:25:13,192 --> 00:25:14,900
PULAK Goyal: Allura inti
teknikament, fil-fatt

562
00:25:14,900 --> 00:25:16,870
jistgħu jagħmlu l-ampersand ta 'pointer.

563
00:25:16,870 --> 00:25:18,984
Imma dak li barra mill-
ambitu ta 'din il-klassi.

564
00:25:18,984 --> 00:25:21,900
Għall-purpose-- għall guys tiegħek "
skopijiet, kull meta inti għandek pointers,

565
00:25:21,900 --> 00:25:25,191
inti tixtieq li tuża l-operatur dereference
biex jiksbu l-valur assoċjat ma 'dak.

566
00:25:25,191 --> 00:25:27,380
U meta jkollok regolari
varjabbli, bħal int x,

567
00:25:27,380 --> 00:25:31,410
inti tixtieq li tuża l-ampersand
operatur li jiksbu l-indirizz ta 'dak.

568
00:25:31,410 --> 00:25:31,910
KOLLOX SEW?

569
00:25:31,910 --> 00:25:35,670

570
00:25:35,670 --> 00:25:38,850
>> OK, so ejja nħarsu lejn pointers
u dak li jiġri taħt il-barnuża.

571
00:25:38,850 --> 00:25:42,640
Allura l-ewwel ħaġa li għamilt hawnhekk huwa
l-int iddikjarat x hija ugwali għal 5.

572
00:25:42,640 --> 00:25:48,460
L-indirizz ta 'dan il-varjabbli
huwa 0x04, u il-valur huwa 5.

573
00:25:48,460 --> 00:25:52,940
Mela ejja ara dak li jiġri
mal-linja li jmiss.

574
00:25:52,940 --> 00:25:55,130
Allura issa aħna tiddikjara pointer.

575
00:25:55,130 --> 00:26:01,450
Indirizz tagħha huwa 0x08, u tiegħu
valur huwa-indirizz ta 'x.

576
00:26:01,450 --> 00:26:05,220
Does li jagħmel sens għal kulħadd?

577
00:26:05,220 --> 00:26:06,507
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet dwar dan?

578
00:26:06,507 --> 00:26:09,130

579
00:26:09,130 --> 00:26:13,080
>> OK, u issa ejja ara dak
jiġri mal-linja li jmiss.

580
00:26:13,080 --> 00:26:18,140
Allura ma din il-linja li jmiss, aħna għandna
l-indirizz tal-kopja li tkun 0x10,

581
00:26:18,140 --> 00:26:20,780
u l-valur tagħha huwa 5.

582
00:26:20,780 --> 00:26:23,570
Allura r-raġuni aħna ltqajna ħames
huwa għidna, aħna dereference

583
00:26:23,570 --> 00:26:26,740
pointer, li aħna dikjarata bħala star int.

584
00:26:26,740 --> 00:26:35,797
U għalhekk went-- meta aħna dereference dan,
huwa qal, OK, x'inhu fl-0x04 slot.

585
00:26:35,797 --> 00:26:36,630
U marru għal dan.

586
00:26:36,630 --> 00:26:40,785
U dak x hija x0--
0x04, u il-valur huwa 5.

587
00:26:40,785 --> 00:26:41,660
Does li jagħmel sens?

588
00:26:41,660 --> 00:26:42,334
Yeah?

589
00:26:42,334 --> 00:26:50,090
>> UDJENZA: Għaliex huwa l-indirizz tal-kopja tal
biss 4 bytes fuq mill-x pointer?

590
00:26:50,090 --> 00:26:52,318
>> PULAK Goyal: Iva, dan huwa żball on--

591
00:26:52,318 --> 00:26:55,304
>> Camille REKHSON: Allura, iva, ftakar
dan huwa miktub f'hexadecimal.

592
00:26:55,304 --> 00:26:56,220
PULAK Goyal: Oh, yeah.

593
00:26:56,220 --> 00:26:58,615
Camille REKHSON: Allura dan
huwa attwalment 8 u mbagħad 16

594
00:26:58,615 --> 00:27:00,960
għaliex aħna qal li,
l-pointer, ftakar,

595
00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:05,330
fil IDE tagħna se tkun 8 bytes twil.

596
00:27:05,330 --> 00:27:06,080
PULAK Goyal: Yeah.

597
00:27:06,080 --> 00:27:09,160

598
00:27:09,160 --> 00:27:12,540
Hekk biss tkun ċara,
pointers huma 8 bytes twil.

599
00:27:12,540 --> 00:27:14,160
An int huwa 4 bytes.

600
00:27:14,160 --> 00:27:18,380
Allura r-raġuni għaliex dak
qabża minn 0x04 li 0x08

601
00:27:18,380 --> 00:27:20,980
huwa għaliex aħna kellhom
tagħmel qabża ta '8 bytes.

602
00:27:20,980 --> 00:27:24,396
U allura for-- peress
kopja huwa biss int,

603
00:27:24,396 --> 00:27:26,020
huwa 4 bytes, li huwa nofs ta '8 bytes.

604
00:27:26,020 --> 00:27:29,970
Allura aħna biss jaqbżu 0x10,
li hija ta 'żewġ bogħod minn 0x08.

605
00:27:29,970 --> 00:27:33,100

606
00:27:33,100 --> 00:27:34,570
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra?

607
00:27:34,570 --> 00:27:36,850
OK, let's-- yeah?

608
00:27:36,850 --> 00:27:39,245
>> UDJENZA: Għaliex mhix
il-valur tal-kopja int

609
00:27:39,245 --> 00:27:45,000
biss the-- għaliex hi 5 minflok 0x04?

610
00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:46,270
>> PULAK Goyal: OK, għaliex hi 5?

611
00:27:46,270 --> 00:27:51,600
OK, hekk meta the-- so ejja ewwel
jaħsbu dwar dan f'termini ta 'tipi.

612
00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:55,600
Hekk jien tgħid kopja int
hija ugwali għal star pointer.

613
00:27:55,600 --> 00:27:57,490
Allura dak li huwa t-tip ta 'pointer?

614
00:27:57,490 --> 00:27:59,310
Huwa star int.

615
00:27:59,310 --> 00:28:03,850
U meta I dereference li,
it-tip isir int.

616
00:28:03,850 --> 00:28:06,570
Allura dak li nistennew li jaħżen
hawnhekk hija attwalment int.

617
00:28:06,570 --> 00:28:07,965
Does li jagħmel sens?

618
00:28:07,965 --> 00:28:09,090
UDJENZA: Sure, xi ftit.

619
00:28:09,090 --> 00:28:11,465
PULAK Goyal: Allura normalment meta
taħseb f'termini ta 'tipi,

620
00:28:11,465 --> 00:28:15,607
dan jgħin inti tifhem x'inhi l-
tip tal-valur li għandu jmorru hemm.

621
00:28:15,607 --> 00:28:17,940
Allura inti tista 'normalment teskludi
ħafna ta 'dawn l-iżbalji komuni

622
00:28:17,940 --> 00:28:21,790
billi jaħsbu f'termini ta 'tipi.

623
00:28:21,790 --> 00:28:23,612
Let me jgħaddu ftit slides aktar.

624
00:28:23,612 --> 00:28:26,070
U nistgħu nibdew mistoqsijiet fil
l-aħħar tat-taqsima pointer.

625
00:28:26,070 --> 00:28:28,910

626
00:28:28,910 --> 00:28:32,290
OK, hekk aħna jkollhom programm Buggy hawn.

627
00:28:32,290 --> 00:28:35,460
U għalhekk ma anyone-- jista 'xi ħadd tell
me dak li hu ħażin ma 'dan il-programm?

628
00:28:35,460 --> 00:28:39,000

629
00:28:39,000 --> 00:28:40,820
Dritt, hekk dak li aħna qed
jistennew li nagħmlu hawnhekk

630
00:28:40,820 --> 00:28:44,520
is-- dak li rridu nagħmlu
huwa li tieħu l-varjabbli int x

631
00:28:44,520 --> 00:28:48,350
u dawwar it-- jagħmluha ugwali 5
minflok 3 u mbagħad print dik.

632
00:28:48,350 --> 00:28:49,640
Iżda li mhux qed iseħħ.

633
00:28:49,640 --> 00:28:50,950
Jista xi ħadd tell me għaliex?

634
00:28:50,950 --> 00:28:51,934
Iva?

635
00:28:51,934 --> 00:28:54,840
>> UDJENZA: Meta l-funzjoni
to_five jieħu x kif huwa argument,

636
00:28:54,840 --> 00:28:58,130
dan ma jieħux x innifsu, iżda
minflok toħloq kopja, a, ta 'dan.

637
00:28:58,130 --> 00:29:00,115
U dan jifforma l-operazzjonijiet fuq dan.

638
00:29:00,115 --> 00:29:02,614
Iżda minħabba li, inti ma
jibdlu l-valur attwali ta 'x.

639
00:29:02,614 --> 00:29:03,970
Peress li int [inaudible].

640
00:29:03,970 --> 00:29:07,950
>> PULAK Goyal: Dritt,
dritt, hekk meta aħna sejħa

641
00:29:07,950 --> 00:29:10,100
l to_five funzjoni, liema
li aħna qed tagħmel qed taħseb,

642
00:29:10,100 --> 00:29:12,550
tagħti me kopja tal-
valur li dik il-funzjoni.

643
00:29:12,550 --> 00:29:16,010
Din il-funzjoni, allura, huwa ser
u tagħmel xi manipulazzjonijiet.

644
00:29:16,010 --> 00:29:21,260
Imma ladarba dan jirritorna, huwa issa out
ambitu tal-funzjoni prinċipali hawnhekk.

645
00:29:21,260 --> 00:29:24,750
U hekk x għadu, fil-fatt,
daqs 3, u aħna istampar 3.

646
00:29:24,750 --> 00:29:26,445
OK, so ejja naraw kif jiġri dan.

647
00:29:26,445 --> 00:29:29,430

648
00:29:29,430 --> 00:29:31,180
>> OK, hekk hemm xejn iddikjarat.

649
00:29:31,180 --> 00:29:34,490
Imbagħad, hawnhekk, x hija ugwali għal 3.

650
00:29:34,490 --> 00:29:40,820
U issa is-- fil-pożizzjoni
tnejn, a għadu mhux fl-iskop.

651
00:29:40,820 --> 00:29:46,790
U issa immorru pożizzjoni tlieta,
fejn issa jassumi l-valur tat-3.

652
00:29:46,790 --> 00:29:49,380
Għal erbgħa, aħna issa bidla sa 5.

653
00:29:49,380 --> 00:29:53,290
Imma issa, meta aħna jaqbżu lura lill
ħames, li hija l-istqarrija istampar,

654
00:29:53,290 --> 00:29:55,380
a issa huwa barra mill-ambitu.

655
00:29:55,380 --> 00:29:57,450
U x għadu daqs 3.

656
00:29:57,450 --> 00:29:59,700
Does this jagħmel sens għal kulħadd?

657
00:29:59,700 --> 00:30:03,010
OK, hekk issa ejja nitkellmu dwar kif
nistgħu nużaw pointers biex jiffissaw dan.

658
00:30:03,010 --> 00:30:06,140
Ħadd ma jkollu xi ideat kif aħna
tista 'tiffissa dan billi tuża pointers?

659
00:30:06,140 --> 00:30:08,710

660
00:30:08,710 --> 00:30:11,490
>> UDJENZA: Inti tieħu fi star int
minflok int għal to_five.

661
00:30:11,490 --> 00:30:12,530
>> PULAK Goyal: Jiddispjacini, jista inti titkellem up?

662
00:30:12,530 --> 00:30:15,266
>> UDJENZA: Inti tieħu fi star int
minflok int għal to_five.

663
00:30:15,266 --> 00:30:16,140
PULAK Goyal: OK, iva.

664
00:30:16,140 --> 00:30:20,250
Mela ejja pass-- minflok tgħaddi biss
il-valur, ejja jgħaddu b'referenza.

665
00:30:20,250 --> 00:30:21,690
Din il-funzjoni ġdida, id-dritt?

666
00:30:21,690 --> 00:30:25,210
U hekk billi tgħaddi l-indirizz fl, aħna
tista 'tagħmel manipulazzjonijiet fuq l-indirizz.

667
00:30:25,210 --> 00:30:27,400
U hekk aħna qed attwalment,
fil-fatt, il-bdil x.

668
00:30:27,400 --> 00:30:30,570
Mela ejja ara kif din taħdem.

669
00:30:30,570 --> 00:30:32,950
>> OK, hekk f'dan l-eżempju aħna iffissat.

670
00:30:32,950 --> 00:30:38,000
Imxejna inbidel firma tagħna
tal to_five li jieħdu fi int

671
00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:40,540
istilla minflok biss int hawn.

672
00:30:40,540 --> 00:30:45,470
Imbagħad aħna dereference dan
au tassenja 5 lilha.

673
00:30:45,470 --> 00:30:48,090
U issa dan se, fil-fatt, jistampa 5.

674
00:30:48,090 --> 00:30:51,960
Mela ejja ara kif il-passi jaħdem hawn.

675
00:30:51,960 --> 00:30:55,200
>> Allura l-ewwel pass,
hemm xejn iddikjarat s'issa.

676
00:30:55,200 --> 00:31:00,140
Allura hawnhekk, it-tieni pass,
konna qal x hija ugwali sa 3,

677
00:31:00,140 --> 00:31:03,970
iżda għadu barra mill-iskop.

678
00:31:03,970 --> 00:31:08,100
Issa fit-tielet linja, għandna
x għadu ugwali għal tlieta.

679
00:31:08,100 --> 00:31:14,150
U issa, aħna għaddew in-- x'hemm
maħżuna fil-issa huwa l-indirizz ta 'x.

680
00:31:14,150 --> 00:31:16,760
Does li jagħmel sens li
kulħadd, kif sirna li?

681
00:31:16,760 --> 00:31:21,470
Dritt, aħna għandna l-amper-- li kif
aħna għadda l ampersand x-funzjoni

682
00:31:21,470 --> 00:31:23,040
to_five.

683
00:31:23,040 --> 00:31:30,330
U mbagħad mal-linja li jmiss, dak
nagħmlu, hija aħna dereference a.

684
00:31:30,330 --> 00:31:36,120
>> U minn dereferencing a, aħna kapaċi
li jibdlu l-valur ta 'x 3-5.

685
00:31:36,120 --> 00:31:38,560
Minħabba x jgħix f'dak l-indirizz 0x12.

686
00:31:38,560 --> 00:31:42,440

687
00:31:42,440 --> 00:31:45,810
U mbagħad, fl-aħħarnett, meta
nerġgħu lura lura għall ewlenija,

688
00:31:45,810 --> 00:31:50,570
għalkemm dan issa huwa barra mill-
ambitu, aħna għandna, fil-fatt, inbidlet x.

689
00:31:50,570 --> 00:31:51,570
U huwa 5.

690
00:31:51,570 --> 00:31:55,160
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet dwar dan?

691
00:31:55,160 --> 00:31:56,036
Yeah?

692
00:31:56,036 --> 00:31:58,185
>> UDJENZA: Tista 'tgħidli
dak l-ampersand x kien?

693
00:31:58,185 --> 00:32:00,004
Ħsibt ampersand kien simili U.

694
00:32:00,004 --> 00:32:03,480

695
00:32:03,480 --> 00:32:07,210
>> PULAK Goyal: Iva, hekk aħna nużaw l-istess
simbolu għal ħafna affarijiet differenti.

696
00:32:07,210 --> 00:32:11,470
Allura hawnhekk, meta inti have-- fil
F'dan il-każ, meta għandek,

697
00:32:11,470 --> 00:32:19,380
I guess-- hekk f'dan il-każ, meta
int jittrattaw pointers,

698
00:32:19,380 --> 00:32:23,640
meta inti tpoġġi l-ampersand quddiem
ta 'int, a int varjabbli, jew char,

699
00:32:23,640 --> 00:32:28,609
jew fluss, dak li qed tgħid
huwa, agħtini l-indirizz ta 'dan.

700
00:32:28,609 --> 00:32:31,900
Imma dak li inti kienu qed jaħsbu ta ', meta inkella
inti tuża ampersand huwa, ejja ngħidu,

701
00:32:31,900 --> 00:32:33,180
fi jekk dikjarazzjoni.

702
00:32:33,180 --> 00:32:39,256
Għandek veru, u xi varjabbli
li jevalwa sa ċertu Boolean,

703
00:32:39,256 --> 00:32:41,380
u xi varjabbli oħra
li jivvalidaw xi Boolean

704
00:32:41,380 --> 00:32:42,880
u inti tixtieq li tikseb l-u ta 'dak.

705
00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:44,552
Imbagħad inti tuża l-ampersand.

706
00:32:44,552 --> 00:32:47,510
SPEAKER 1: Yeah, hekk biss illum, konna
tkellem dwar tliet użi differenti

707
00:32:47,510 --> 00:32:48,250
ta ampersand.

708
00:32:48,250 --> 00:32:51,040
Għandna żewġ ampersands, li hija
dak Pulak għadu kif deskritt.

709
00:32:51,040 --> 00:32:53,420
Għandna ampersand wieħed, li
huwa dak deskritt Camille

710
00:32:53,420 --> 00:32:54,897
preċedenti, li hija ampersand wieħed.

711
00:32:54,897 --> 00:32:56,685
U li għal bitwise U.

712
00:32:56,685 --> 00:32:59,640
U tinnota li kemm l-
AND-- kondizzjonali jew, sorry,

713
00:32:59,640 --> 00:33:04,180
l loġiku U u l bitwise
U, dawk għandhom żewġ numri, id-dritt?

714
00:33:04,180 --> 00:33:07,354
Kien xi ħaġa ampersand
xi ħaġa ampersand,

715
00:33:07,354 --> 00:33:09,350
xi ħaġa xi ħaġa ampersand.

716
00:33:09,350 --> 00:33:13,862
Hawnhekk, meta aħna biss għandhom ampersand
xi ħaġa, li l-dereferencing.

717
00:33:13,862 --> 00:33:15,830
>> PULAK Goyal: Yeah, kwistjoni kbira.

718
00:33:15,830 --> 00:33:16,677
Yeah.

719
00:33:16,677 --> 00:33:21,150
>> UDJENZA: Għaliex ma f'konformità
5a u star a jsiru N / A?

720
00:33:21,150 --> 00:33:25,520
Għaliex ma huma biss tip ta 'jżommu l-
istess valuri mil-linja ta 'qabel?

721
00:33:25,520 --> 00:33:28,000
>> PULAK Goyal: Minħabba
konna ħareġ l-funzjoni.

722
00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:30,894
U iva, liema happens--
hekk what-- issa aħna qed

723
00:33:30,894 --> 00:33:33,060
barra mill-iskop ta 'dik il-funzjoni,
dak li jiġri attwalment

724
00:33:33,060 --> 00:33:37,770
huwa dawk huma mneħħija mill-memorja.

725
00:33:37,770 --> 00:33:38,808
Yeah.

726
00:33:38,808 --> 00:33:42,982
>> UDJENZA: Bejn 3
jew 4 star a ugwali 5.

727
00:33:42,982 --> 00:33:43,690
PULAK Goyal: Iva.

728
00:33:43,690 --> 00:33:45,575
UDJENZA: Xi jfisser li eżattament juru?

729
00:33:45,575 --> 00:33:46,950
PULAK Goyal: Xi jfisser?

730
00:33:46,950 --> 00:33:47,380
UDJENZA: Yeah.

731
00:33:47,380 --> 00:33:49,088
PULAK Goyal: Allura l-
kwistjoni kienet, dak li huwa

732
00:33:49,088 --> 00:33:52,300
that-- x'qed tagħmel online
meta aħna ngħidu, star huwa ugwali għal 5?

733
00:33:52,300 --> 00:33:55,210
Mela ftakar l-istilla l-
operatur dereference.

734
00:33:55,210 --> 00:33:58,640
Allura meta, f'dan il-każ, huwa pointer.

735
00:33:58,640 --> 00:34:00,030
Huwa ta 'star int.

736
00:34:00,030 --> 00:34:03,710
Allura meta aħna dereference a mill
jużaw l-istilla, dak li aħna qed tgħid

737
00:34:03,710 --> 00:34:11,250
huwa, mur kollu li huwa maħżun fil-
indirizz, maħżuna a-- hekk take-- hekk,

738
00:34:11,250 --> 00:34:13,280
dritt issa, għandha xi
indirizz maħżuna fih.

739
00:34:13,280 --> 00:34:19,920
Mur fil fejn li jindirizzaw il-punti sa, u
issa tbiddel dak kollu li huwa għal ħamsa.

740
00:34:19,920 --> 00:34:20,420
Yeah.

741
00:34:20,420 --> 00:34:23,390
>> UDJENZA: Tista 'tgħid
aktar sempliċi?

742
00:34:23,390 --> 00:34:27,360
Ibdel il--indirizz ta 'sa 5.

743
00:34:27,360 --> 00:34:31,070
>> PULAK Goyal: Aħna ma
jinbidlu l-indirizz ta 'sa 5.

744
00:34:31,070 --> 00:34:36,340
A għandha xi indirizz fiha, li hija l-
indirizz tal-varjabbli ta 'interess.

745
00:34:36,340 --> 00:34:39,570
U hekk dak li aħna qed tgħid
meta aħna dereference hija,

746
00:34:39,570 --> 00:34:42,630
issa irridu li change--
aħna issa qed referenzar

747
00:34:42,630 --> 00:34:45,135
interess dirett tal-varjabbli tal.

748
00:34:45,135 --> 00:34:48,499
Does li jagħmel sens?

749
00:34:48,499 --> 00:34:52,280
>> SPEAKER 1: Mod ieħor biex jaħsbu
ta 'dan huwa go-- hekk huwa indirizz.

750
00:34:52,280 --> 00:34:55,310
L-istilla jgħid tmur f'dak
jindirizzaw u ħarsa lejn il-valur tagħha.

751
00:34:55,310 --> 00:34:58,000
U issa stabbilit valur tagħha sa 5.

752
00:34:58,000 --> 00:35:00,920
Għalhekk jgħid, mur l-
indirizz tal x, li

753
00:35:00,920 --> 00:35:05,720
se tkun x'hemm maħżuna
fil-, u l-bidla sa 5.

754
00:35:05,720 --> 00:35:06,470
PULAK Goyal: Yeah?

755
00:35:06,470 --> 00:35:10,817
UDJENZA: Allura l-pożizzjoni huwa fejn
l-pointer li qed jiġri,-indirizz.

756
00:35:10,817 --> 00:35:14,270
Iżda l-valur huwa xi assenjat
valur ibbażat fuq l-indirizz.

757
00:35:14,270 --> 00:35:15,020
PULAK Goyal: Yeah.

758
00:35:15,020 --> 00:35:18,076

759
00:35:18,076 --> 00:35:19,367
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra dwar dan?

760
00:35:19,367 --> 00:35:22,774

761
00:35:22,774 --> 00:35:23,940
UDJENZA: Għandi mistoqsija.

762
00:35:23,940 --> 00:35:25,664
PULAK Goyal: Yeah, sorry.

763
00:35:25,664 --> 00:35:30,324
UDJENZA: Allura meta inti store-- hekk
jekk inti qed tgħid [inaudible] a.

764
00:35:30,324 --> 00:35:31,032
PULAK Goyal: Iva.

765
00:35:31,032 --> 00:35:34,448
UDJENZA: Għandek biex
jaħżnu l-x bi ampersand?

766
00:35:34,448 --> 00:35:37,376
Għaliex ma tistax inti biss jgħidu x
qabel int tiegħek [inaudible]?

767
00:35:37,376 --> 00:35:40,562

768
00:35:40,562 --> 00:35:41,270
PULAK Goyal: So--

769
00:35:41,270 --> 00:35:42,090
UDJENZA: [inaudible].

770
00:35:42,090 --> 00:35:43,673
PULAK Goyal: Allura huwa question-- tiegħek oh.

771
00:35:43,673 --> 00:35:47,160

772
00:35:47,160 --> 00:35:51,300
Allura mistoqsija tiegħek hija, għaliex ma tistax we--
għall-to_five funzjoni, għaliex ma nistgħu

773
00:35:51,300 --> 00:35:52,590
biss jgħaddu minn x, id-dritt?

774
00:35:52,590 --> 00:35:53,570
>> UDJENZA: Dritt.

775
00:35:53,570 --> 00:35:59,570
>> PULAK Goyal: OK, yeah, għalhekk dan mill-ġdid
tmur lura għad-diskussjoni tagħna fuq tipi.

776
00:35:59,570 --> 00:36:06,080
Allura l-to_five funzjoni issa huwa
jistennew tip ta 'stilla int.

777
00:36:06,080 --> 00:36:07,660
Allura dak li huwa t-tip ta 'x?

778
00:36:07,660 --> 00:36:09,800
X huwa biss int.

779
00:36:09,800 --> 00:36:13,530
Imma dak li din il-funzjoni
jistenna huwa star int.

780
00:36:13,530 --> 00:36:16,910
Għalhekk jistenna varjabbli li
għandha l-indirizz maħżuna fih.

781
00:36:16,910 --> 00:36:20,250
Allura li kif you-- tpoġġi l-
ampersand, u b'tali mod li

782
00:36:20,250 --> 00:36:22,560
kif aħna jgħaddu fil-
indirizz, li huwa now--

783
00:36:22,560 --> 00:36:25,120
u li jinterpreta dan
bħala star int, yeah.

784
00:36:25,120 --> 00:36:26,700
Kwistjoni kbira.

785
00:36:26,700 --> 00:36:29,300
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra dwar dan?

786
00:36:29,300 --> 00:36:29,800
OK, berred.

787
00:36:29,800 --> 00:36:32,870

788
00:36:32,870 --> 00:36:37,020
>> OK, hekk issa ejja nitkellmu
dwar aritmetika pointer.

789
00:36:37,020 --> 00:36:40,050
Allura hawnhekk, biż-żieda u t-tnaqqis
i taġġusta l pointer

790
00:36:40,050 --> 00:36:43,950
minn i darbiet id-daqs ta '
it-tip ta 'bytes pointer.

791
00:36:43,950 --> 00:36:46,170
Mela ejja nħarsu lejn kif li qisu.

792
00:36:46,170 --> 00:36:49,640
Allura hawnhekk, konna iddikjarat
int x ugwali għal 5.

793
00:36:49,640 --> 00:36:56,120
U issa aħna qed tmur biex tiddikjara pointer
y, u jgħaddu fil-indirizz ta 'x hemmhekk.

794
00:36:56,120 --> 00:36:58,910
Allura aħna għandna dan.

795
00:36:58,910 --> 00:37:01,005
Allura x hija maħżuna fil 0x04.

796
00:37:01,005 --> 00:37:03,960
Allura issa y hija ugwali għal dik.

797
00:37:03,960 --> 00:37:12,260
U jista 'xi ħadd tell me dak li jaħsbu
se jiġri meta nagħmlu y plus ugwali 1?

798
00:37:12,260 --> 00:37:19,100

799
00:37:19,100 --> 00:37:19,771
Yeah?

800
00:37:19,771 --> 00:37:24,010
>> UDJENZA: Se bidla għal 0 ħinijiet 0 8?

801
00:37:24,010 --> 00:37:25,342
>> PULAK Goyal: Daqs, u type--

802
00:37:25,342 --> 00:37:27,789
>> UDJENZA: Inti qed jiċċaqalqu-indirizz.

803
00:37:27,789 --> 00:37:29,080
PULAK Goyal: Yeah was-- iva.

804
00:37:29,080 --> 00:37:31,130
Dritt So--.

805
00:37:31,130 --> 00:37:33,110
Għalhekk ser tinbidel għal 0x08.

806
00:37:33,110 --> 00:37:38,750
U because-- hekk youd tuża dan
formula, 1 darbiet id-daqs tal-pointer

807
00:37:38,750 --> 00:37:42,354
u l-pointers huma ta size--

808
00:37:42,354 --> 00:37:44,050
>> [STUDENTI ħsejjes]

809
00:37:44,050 --> 00:37:45,190
>> PULAK Goyal: Dritt.

810
00:37:45,190 --> 00:37:46,150
>> [STUDENTI ħsejjes]

811
00:37:46,150 --> 00:37:49,230
>> SPEAKER 1: Allura l-tip li
il-punti pointer to--

812
00:37:49,230 --> 00:37:51,862
>> PULAK Goyal: Huwa, yeah,
yeah, dan huwa 4 bytes.

813
00:37:51,862 --> 00:37:53,930
>> SPEAKER 1: Allura ints huma 4 bytes.

814
00:37:53,930 --> 00:38:01,260
>> PULAK Goyal: hekk jekk kellna a-- ejja
ngħidu aħna ddikjarat, I raden, char.

815
00:38:01,260 --> 00:38:06,830
X'għandu that-- so ejja ngħidu aħna
għandhom x char ugwali għal jew xi ħaġa.

816
00:38:06,830 --> 00:38:14,400
U kellna l-indirizz ta 'dak fil 0x04,
X'għandu y plus jegwalja 1 tagħmel issa?

817
00:38:14,400 --> 00:38:14,960
Jiddispjacini, liema?

818
00:38:14,960 --> 00:38:16,099
>> UDJENZA: 0x05.

819
00:38:16,099 --> 00:38:17,140
PULAK Goyal: 0x05, id-dritt.

820
00:38:17,140 --> 00:38:18,520
Does kulħadd tara li?

821
00:38:18,520 --> 00:38:20,212
OK, u issa ejja ngħidu huwa float.

822
00:38:20,212 --> 00:38:20,962
X'jista 'jiġri?

823
00:38:20,962 --> 00:38:25,210

824
00:38:25,210 --> 00:38:26,130
Kulħadd?

825
00:38:26,130 --> 00:38:28,066
Allura sufruni huma kemm bytes?

826
00:38:28,066 --> 00:38:28,860
>> UDJENZA: 4 bytes.

827
00:38:28,860 --> 00:38:29,651
>> PULAK Goyal: Dritt.

828
00:38:29,651 --> 00:38:32,661
Għalhekk ikun l-istess ħaġa bħat dan.

829
00:38:32,661 --> 00:38:33,160
Kessaħ.

830
00:38:33,160 --> 00:38:36,230

831
00:38:36,230 --> 00:38:40,180
OK, u issa ejja nitkellmu
dwar pointers u arrays.

832
00:38:40,180 --> 00:38:44,210
Allura inti raw dan fuq il-
żewġ settijiet ta 'qabel, p

833
00:38:44,210 --> 00:38:48,570
fejn nistgħu treat-- arrays hekk u
pointers mhumiex l-istess ħaġa.

834
00:38:48,570 --> 00:38:51,170
Iżda nistgħu jikkura arrays bħala pointers.

835
00:38:51,170 --> 00:38:55,550
Allura hawnhekk, aħna għandna dan array
hawn, li għandu tliet slots.

836
00:38:55,550 --> 00:38:57,570
Fl-ewwel slot-- aħna
jkollhom waħda, tnejn, u tlieta.

837
00:38:57,570 --> 00:39:00,930
>> Mela jekk we-- hekk nistgħu tassenja
li billi qal, għandna firxa,

838
00:39:00,930 --> 00:39:02,080
dereference dik.

839
00:39:02,080 --> 00:39:04,579
U allura meta aħna dereference
li, dak li aħna qed fil-fatt jagħmlu

840
00:39:04,579 --> 00:39:05,910
huwa jirreferi għall-istess slot.

841
00:39:05,910 --> 00:39:09,230
Allura firxa star ugwali 1.

842
00:39:09,230 --> 00:39:11,020
Aħna could- kif jistgħu
aħna tikteb that-- x'hemm

843
00:39:11,020 --> 00:39:13,404
mod alternattiv nistgħu jikteb li?

844
00:39:13,404 --> 00:39:14,840
>> UDJENZA: Array 0 ugwali 1.

845
00:39:14,840 --> 00:39:17,100
>> PULAK Goyal: Eżattament,
kulħadd ma tara li?

846
00:39:17,100 --> 00:39:18,320
Allura istess ħaġa ma 'hawn.

847
00:39:18,320 --> 00:39:24,060
Allura meta aħna għandna firxa
flimkien ma '1, aħna do-- hekk even--

848
00:39:24,060 --> 00:39:28,890
niftakar aritmetika li aħna
biss tkellem dwar, meta nagħmlu flimkien ma '1

849
00:39:28,890 --> 00:39:32,120
jew jġorrhom f'idejn 4 bytes, id-dritt.

850
00:39:32,120 --> 00:39:33,170
Does kulħadd tara li?

851
00:39:33,170 --> 00:39:35,753
U dik in-naħa, meta aħna dereference
li, nistgħu stabbilit li għal 2.

852
00:39:35,753 --> 00:39:37,710
U li kif aħna stabbiliti
il-blokk li jmiss għal 2.

853
00:39:37,710 --> 00:39:41,640
U hekk mod alternattiv biex jiktbu
dan ikun il bracket firxa

854
00:39:41,640 --> 00:39:44,436
0 parentesi ugwali 1.

855
00:39:44,436 --> 00:39:47,070
>> UDJENZA: Għandek bżonn l-parentesi?

856
00:39:47,070 --> 00:39:50,840
>> PULAK Goyal: Iva, għax int
dereferencing il-kwantità kollha

857
00:39:50,840 --> 00:39:53,460
firxa plus 1.

858
00:39:53,460 --> 00:39:56,829
OK, u istess ħaġa għall-firxa plus 2.

859
00:39:56,829 --> 00:39:57,870
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet dwar dan?

860
00:39:57,870 --> 00:39:58,369
Yeah.

861
00:39:58,369 --> 00:40:01,340
UDJENZA: Allura firxa hija
awtomatikament stabbilita għal 0?

862
00:40:01,340 --> 00:40:03,054
>> PULAK Goyal: Array is-- sorry, liema?

863
00:40:03,054 --> 00:40:03,962
>> UDJENZA: Array huwa ta '0.

864
00:40:03,962 --> 00:40:07,140
L-indirizz tal-firxa huwa biss 0.

865
00:40:07,140 --> 00:40:10,200
>> PULAK Goyal: Għalhekk il-kwistjoni kienet,
huwa l-indirizz ta 'firxa biss 0?

866
00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:11,950
Allura, l-ebda, array għandha xi indirizz.

867
00:40:11,950 --> 00:40:14,930
Allura meta aħna dereference dan,
that's-- sabiex inti tista 'taħseb about--

868
00:40:14,930 --> 00:40:18,230
litteralment bħal tipponta pointer
għall-bidu ta 'firxa.

869
00:40:18,230 --> 00:40:19,390
Allura li għandha xi indirizz.

870
00:40:19,390 --> 00:40:20,580
Ma nafux dak li hu.

871
00:40:20,580 --> 00:40:24,170
Iżda meta aħna dereference dan, nafu
dak l-bidu tal-firxa.

872
00:40:24,170 --> 00:40:25,980
U hekk meta nimxu mill
1, aħna qed biss jiċċaqalqu

873
00:40:25,980 --> 00:40:29,090
relattiva għal fejn dak l-indirizz kien.

874
00:40:29,090 --> 00:40:30,480
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra?

875
00:40:30,480 --> 00:40:31,419
Yeah?

876
00:40:31,419 --> 00:40:35,559
>> UDJENZA: Mela jekk inti tagħmel
bracket firxa plus 1--

877
00:40:35,559 --> 00:40:37,350
PULAK Goyal: Jiddispjacini,
I-- jista inti titkellem up?

878
00:40:37,350 --> 00:40:41,174
UDJENZA: Yeah, jekk inti tagħmel
bracket array [inaudible].

879
00:40:41,174 --> 00:40:45,227
Mela allura jekk inti tpoġġi l-Pointer

880
00:40:45,227 --> 00:40:46,810
PULAK Goyal: Skużani jien ma tistax tisma int.

881
00:40:46,810 --> 00:40:48,100
Inti tista 'tgħid li waħda aktar ħin?

882
00:40:48,100 --> 00:40:49,470
>> UDJENZA: Inti OK.

883
00:40:49,470 --> 00:40:50,870
>> PULAK Goyal: OK, sorry.

884
00:40:50,870 --> 00:40:51,420
OK, berred.

885
00:40:51,420 --> 00:40:52,200
Any-- yeah.

886
00:40:52,200 --> 00:40:55,710
Allura meta inti tmur fil-bracket tal-firxa 3--

887
00:40:55,710 --> 00:40:56,570
>> PULAK Goyal: Yeah.

888
00:40:56,570 --> 00:40:59,832
>> UDJENZA: --isn't there-- kieku ma
huwa jkun ta 'erba spots bħal 0, 1, 2, u 3?

889
00:40:59,832 --> 00:41:02,630
Għaliex huwa mhux int firxa 2?

890
00:41:02,630 --> 00:41:07,850
>> PULAK Goyal: Le, hekk biss il-konvenzjoni
ta 'C is-- meta aħna niddikjaraw l-array,

891
00:41:07,850 --> 00:41:12,010
we---numru npoġġux hemmhekk
huwa kemm slots rridu.

892
00:41:12,010 --> 00:41:16,970
Iżda l-indiċi tal-firxa huma
fil-fatt firxa 0, array 1, u array 2.

893
00:41:16,970 --> 00:41:19,780
Allura huwa biss il-konvenzjoni
dwar kif aħna tiddikjara arrays.

894
00:41:19,780 --> 00:41:20,880
Yeah, xi mistoqsijiet oħra?

895
00:41:20,880 --> 00:41:21,380
Yeah.

896
00:41:21,380 --> 00:41:23,750
UDJENZA: Allura aħna qed għadhom
jitkellem dwar pointers, id-dritt?

897
00:41:23,750 --> 00:41:24,500
PULAK Goyal: Yeah.

898
00:41:24,500 --> 00:41:28,600
UDJENZA: Tista għadhom
star għall-firxa 0 ugwali 1?

899
00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:32,870
PULAK Goyal: No, no, so--
OK, sabiex il-kwistjoni kienet tista

900
00:41:32,870 --> 00:41:37,370
inti biss tagħmel bracket firxa star
żero, u mbagħad jgħidu li egwali għal 1.

901
00:41:37,370 --> 00:41:40,000
Allura, l-ebda, dak li aħna qed tgħid
hawnhekk hija li nistgħu think--

902
00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:42,600
nistgħu jittrattaw arrays bħala pointers.

903
00:41:42,600 --> 00:41:44,970
Allura aħna have-- dak li aħna qed
qal huwa għandna żewġ modi

904
00:41:44,970 --> 00:41:47,370
li issa referenza għall-istess blokka.

905
00:41:47,370 --> 00:41:52,270
Mela doing-- jekk għandek firxa żero,
it-tip ta 'li issa huwa int.

906
00:41:52,270 --> 00:41:55,264
U jekk tieħu l-istilla li,
ikollok ħaġa invalidu.

907
00:41:55,264 --> 00:41:57,680
Allura dak li aħna qed tgħid hawnhekk, huwa
hemm żewġ modi alternattivi

908
00:41:57,680 --> 00:41:59,100
li jirreferu għall-istess blokka.

909
00:41:59,100 --> 00:42:01,860
Inti tista 'jew tagħmel firxa
bracket 0 ugwali 1.

910
00:42:01,860 --> 00:42:06,420
Jew inti tista 'tagħmel dereference
firxa, u li jkollhom daqs 0.

911
00:42:06,420 --> 00:42:08,621
Hekk biss żewġ modi ta '
tagħmel l-istess ħaġa.

912
00:42:08,621 --> 00:42:09,120
Yeah.

913
00:42:09,120 --> 00:42:15,270
>> UDJENZA: Għaliex hux
daqs tal int 1 li żżid to--

914
00:42:15,270 --> 00:42:17,650
>> PULAK Goyal: Daqs ta 'int 1.

915
00:42:17,650 --> 00:42:19,900
>> UDJENZA: Għaliex dan huwa li jiċċaqalqu off wieħed.

916
00:42:19,900 --> 00:42:23,620
>> PULAK Goyal: Għaliex dan huwa
biss il-mod C jaħdem.

917
00:42:23,620 --> 00:42:26,460
Huwa biss il-mod pointer
aritmetika hija definita.

918
00:42:26,460 --> 00:42:27,854
Li ser tieħu l-pointer.

919
00:42:27,854 --> 00:42:30,020
U allura x'ikun inti żid
lilha, dan ser timmultiplika din

920
00:42:30,020 --> 00:42:34,770
mid-daqs ta 'kwalunkwe
il-maħżen pointer huwa, yeah.

921
00:42:34,770 --> 00:42:35,480
Yeah.

922
00:42:35,480 --> 00:42:39,595
>> UDJENZA: Allura inti tgħidli nistgħu jikkura
pointers u arrays l-istess,

923
00:42:39,595 --> 00:42:40,720
iżda li dawn qed differenti.

924
00:42:40,720 --> 00:42:41,950
Allura dak li jagħmel lilhom differenti?

925
00:42:41,950 --> 00:42:45,070
X'nistgħu ma tagħmel ma
wieħed iżda mhux l-oħra?

926
00:42:45,070 --> 00:42:52,390
>> PULAK Goyal: Għall-finijiet ta 'dan
klassi, naħseb it's-- liema do you--

927
00:42:52,390 --> 00:42:56,270
>> SPEAKER 1: Allura, we-- OK, iva, għal
eżempju, jekk inti jallokaw memorja

928
00:42:56,270 --> 00:42:59,680
u inti għandek pointer li
integer, per eżempju.

929
00:42:59,680 --> 00:43:01,890
Jekk inti ppruvaw biex tibda
tagħmel aritmetika pointer

930
00:43:01,890 --> 00:43:05,890
u jmorru lil hinn mill-ammont tal-memorja li
inti allokati, youd run fis żbalji.

931
00:43:05,890 --> 00:43:08,250
Nafu ma arrays, aħna
jgħidu qabel iż-żmien, OK, I

932
00:43:08,250 --> 00:43:11,400
tixtieq li allocate-- dan essenzjalment
jgħid, nixtieq li jallokaw

933
00:43:11,400 --> 00:43:13,490
biżżejjed spazju għal tliet numri interi.

934
00:43:13,490 --> 00:43:17,820
U hekk issa nistgħu jikkura memorja bħallikieku
għandna tlieta minn dawk il interi.

935
00:43:17,820 --> 00:43:19,460
Does li tip ta 'jagħmel sens?

936
00:43:19,460 --> 00:43:22,042
>> PULAK Goyal: Yeah.

937
00:43:22,042 --> 00:43:22,542
Yeah.

938
00:43:22,542 --> 00:43:24,778
>> UDJENZA: Allura stilla
firxa, huwa li tassenja 1

939
00:43:24,778 --> 00:43:26,657
l-indiċi 0 tad-array?

940
00:43:26,657 --> 00:43:27,365
PULAK Goyal: Iva.

941
00:43:27,365 --> 00:43:31,160

942
00:43:31,160 --> 00:43:34,439
>> UDJENZA: Allura, dak li huwa wara l-
żewġ linji li jmiss f'termini ta 'the-- I

943
00:43:34,439 --> 00:43:36,980
jifhmu li inti qed tipprova
għall-użu aritmetika pointer hawn,

944
00:43:36,980 --> 00:43:39,355
iżda għal darb'oħra, ma nifhimx
dak pointer aritmetika hu.

945
00:43:39,355 --> 00:43:43,869
Allura l-firxa plus 1, int
tgħid li int issa

946
00:43:43,869 --> 00:43:47,540
tmur jridu jitkellmu dwar
l-ewwel indiċi fil-firxa.

947
00:43:47,540 --> 00:43:50,050
>> PULAK Goyal: Dritt, u għalhekk il-
raġuni li jaħdem huwa array,

948
00:43:50,050 --> 00:43:52,970
hawn, nistgħu jaħsbu bħala stilla int.

949
00:43:52,970 --> 00:43:56,110
U hekk meta aħna pointer aritmetika
fuqha, tiftakar il-formula fejn

950
00:43:56,110 --> 00:43:59,020
nieħdu the-- I raden dak kollu
-indirizz attwali huwa,

951
00:43:59,020 --> 00:44:02,100
u mbagħad meta aħna żid
1 lilha, aħna fil-fatt

952
00:44:02,100 --> 00:44:06,620
immoltiplika 1 mid-daqs tal
il-ħaġa aħna qed manipulazzjoni.

953
00:44:06,620 --> 00:44:09,090
Allura f'dan il-każ, id-daqs ta 'int.

954
00:44:09,090 --> 00:44:11,634
U allura aħna jġorrhom
jgħaddi minn li ħafna.

955
00:44:11,634 --> 00:44:14,419
>> SPEAKER 1: Allura nippretendu
għandek star b firxa.

956
00:44:14,419 --> 00:44:15,335
PULAK Goyal: OK, yeah.

957
00:44:15,335 --> 00:44:16,005
SPEAKER 1: B'id tiegħek.

958
00:44:16,005 --> 00:44:16,505
Mur hawn.

959
00:44:16,505 --> 00:44:18,350
PULAK Goyal: Or nista 'just-- yeah.

960
00:44:18,350 --> 00:44:23,660
OK hekk here--, hekk firxa fil-
bidu, huwa biss id-dritt hawn.

961
00:44:23,660 --> 00:44:29,155
Allura meta aħna dereference firxa, konna
biss li jirreferu għall-ewwel blokk hawn.

962
00:44:29,155 --> 00:44:36,620
Imma issa meta I do firxa flimkien ma '1, li
is-- li vleġġa issa huwa dritt hawn.

963
00:44:36,620 --> 00:44:38,250
Does li jagħmel sens?

964
00:44:38,250 --> 00:44:46,690
Dritt, minħabba dan il-blokk hija
ta 'int daqs, li huwa ta' 4 bytes.

965
00:44:46,690 --> 00:44:53,540
U hekk, dak li aħna qed tagħmel hija aħna qed
jiċċaqalqu li pointer minn 4 bytes fuq.

966
00:44:53,540 --> 00:44:56,080
Kull meta nagħmlu aritmetika
fuqha, se dejjem

967
00:44:56,080 --> 00:44:59,730
jġorrhom b'żidiet ta '4 bytes.

968
00:44:59,730 --> 00:45:01,902
Minħabba li dan huwa bħal stilla int.

969
00:45:01,902 --> 00:45:04,970
Does li jagħmel sens?

970
00:45:04,970 --> 00:45:05,470
KOLLOX SEW.

971
00:45:05,470 --> 00:45:07,770
>> UDJENZA: Allura l-affarijiet fil-firxa
kienu ta '5 bytes, aħna'd jġorrhom 5 bytes--

972
00:45:07,770 --> 00:45:10,853
>> PULAK Goyal: Dritt, hekk jekk kellna
star char, aħna'd jġorrhom mill-1 byte biss.

973
00:45:10,853 --> 00:45:13,670
Allura fil-każ ta 'stilel char,
huwa d jkun biss jġorrhom f'idejn 1.

974
00:45:13,670 --> 00:45:15,420
UDJENZA: Biex tikseb l-
li jmiss ikollok bżonn stilla.

975
00:45:15,420 --> 00:45:18,099
PULAK Goyal: Yeah, yeah,
ma li jagħmel sens?

976
00:45:18,099 --> 00:45:19,890
SPEAKER 1: Nistgħu chat
dwar dan aktar tard.

977
00:45:19,890 --> 00:45:21,530
PULAK Goyal: Yeah, yeah, għall-żgur.

978
00:45:21,530 --> 00:45:23,214
OK, berred.

979
00:45:23,214 --> 00:45:24,630
Ejja jimxu fuq il-taqsima li jmiss.

980
00:45:24,630 --> 00:45:27,182

981
00:45:27,182 --> 00:45:28,140
SPEAKER 1: Oh, OK jibred.

982
00:45:28,140 --> 00:45:29,205
Yeah, dan huwa me.

983
00:45:29,205 --> 00:45:30,330
Dritt kollox, biża '.

984
00:45:30,330 --> 00:45:35,064
OK, berred, hekk issa aħna qed fuq ftit
informazzjoni aktar ġenerali dwar memorja.

985
00:45:35,064 --> 00:45:37,730
Ukoll, I japprezzaw il-fatt li
huma kienu ser pretty malajr.

986
00:45:37,730 --> 00:45:40,230
Huwa ħafna ta 'materjal li tikseb
permezz fl-siegħa u nofs.

987
00:45:40,230 --> 00:45:42,880
Iżda jekk ikun hemm xi suġġetti inti
tixtieq li tmur aktar fil-fond fis-

988
00:45:42,880 --> 00:45:44,630
aħna qed tmur biex ikollhom
ħinijiet tal-uffiċċju din il-ġimgħa

989
00:45:44,630 --> 00:45:46,340
fejn inti tista 'chat magħna waħda fuq waħda.

990
00:45:46,340 --> 00:45:49,240
Jew inti tista 'biss toħroġ fil-
tmiem u aħna ser chat dwar affarijiet.

991
00:45:49,240 --> 00:45:52,130
U kif dejjem, tħossok
liberu li jistaqsu mistoqsijiet.

992
00:45:52,130 --> 00:45:52,695
Tal-biża.

993
00:45:52,695 --> 00:45:55,820
Allura hawnhekk stampa tagħna ta 'memorja li
Rajna fl lecture biljun darbiet.

994
00:45:55,820 --> 00:45:58,610
U nafu li dan munzell
jikbru mill-qiegħ

995
00:45:58,610 --> 00:46:00,214
u l-borġ tikber isfel.

996
00:46:00,214 --> 00:46:03,380
U x'inhu l-differenza bejn affarijiet
li inżommu fuq il-borġ u affarijiet

997
00:46:03,380 --> 00:46:05,981
li inżommu fuq il-munzell?

998
00:46:05,981 --> 00:46:07,397
Xi ħadd tarmi xi ħaġa hemmhekk.

999
00:46:07,397 --> 00:46:10,806

1000
00:46:10,806 --> 00:46:11,780
Yeah.

1001
00:46:11,780 --> 00:46:14,215
>> UDJENZA: Huwa munzell
għal affarijiet li huma biss

1002
00:46:14,215 --> 00:46:18,095
varjabbli impermanent li aħna qed biss
tiddikjara jużaw ċerti funzjonijiet?

1003
00:46:18,095 --> 00:46:19,220
SPEAKER 1: Beautiful, yeah.

1004
00:46:19,220 --> 00:46:23,007
Allura kull darba fejn, ejja
jgħidu aħna qed fil-funzjoni,

1005
00:46:23,007 --> 00:46:24,590
u aħna biss għandhom xi varjabbli lokali.

1006
00:46:24,590 --> 00:46:26,214
Dawk ser jispiċċaw fuq il-munzell.

1007
00:46:26,214 --> 00:46:30,020
Jekk, minflok, nagħmlu sejħa malloc
u fil-fatt jalloka memorja,

1008
00:46:30,020 --> 00:46:32,290
li dejjem ġej mill-borġ.

1009
00:46:32,290 --> 00:46:35,100
Allura, yeah Kessaħ?

1010
00:46:35,100 --> 00:46:38,672
>> U sabiex tiftakar li kull memorja
li inti jallokaw tuża malloc,

1011
00:46:38,672 --> 00:46:40,130
li għaddej biex jispiċċaw fuq il-borġ.

1012
00:46:40,130 --> 00:46:42,019
U jekk tinsa
lilu b'xejn, il-kompjuter li

1013
00:46:42,019 --> 00:46:43,810
mhux se tkun taf li
qed isir magħha.

1014
00:46:43,810 --> 00:46:45,560
Allura huwa biss se
hang hemmhekk fil-memorja.

1015
00:46:45,560 --> 00:46:47,412
U int essenzjalment
jnixxu li l-memorja.

1016
00:46:47,412 --> 00:46:48,120
Int titlef dan.

1017
00:46:48,120 --> 00:46:51,840
Għaliex inti qatt ma qal il-kompjuter,
ħej jien jsir jużawh, tħossok liberu li juża,

1018
00:46:51,840 --> 00:46:53,632
l-affarijiet oħra hemmhekk.

1019
00:46:53,632 --> 00:46:54,470
Kessaħ.

1020
00:46:54,470 --> 00:46:55,928
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet hemmhekk?

1021
00:46:55,928 --> 00:46:56,428
Iva.

1022
00:46:56,428 --> 00:46:58,808
>> UDJENZA: Allura x'tip
ta 'memorja huwa munzell?

1023
00:46:58,808 --> 00:46:59,974
Għalf mhux dinamiku, ddelegati?

1024
00:46:59,974 --> 00:47:01,200
What would you sejħa hija?

1025
00:47:01,200 --> 00:47:03,870
>> SPEAKER 1: Sure, sabiex inti tista '
jaħsbu bħala varjabbli lokali.

1026
00:47:03,870 --> 00:47:10,137
Sejħiet attwali għall-funzjonijiet
ser munzell up.

1027
00:47:10,137 --> 00:47:10,720
Xi ħaġa oħra?

1028
00:47:10,720 --> 00:47:11,220
Yeah?

1029
00:47:11,220 --> 00:47:14,627
UDJENZA: Kif inti liberu
l-memorja inti miżjud mal the--

1030
00:47:14,627 --> 00:47:17,710
SPEAKER 1: Sure, hekk meta inti jallokaw
memorja fuq il-munzell, inti sejħa malloc.

1031
00:47:17,710 --> 00:47:20,543
U hekk allura li jagħtik lura
pointer li xi indirizz fil-memorja.

1032
00:47:20,543 --> 00:47:22,630
Allura ngħid inti imsejħa li pointer, id-dritt?

1033
00:47:22,630 --> 00:47:24,970
Imbagħad, inti biss jgħidu pointer ħielsa.

1034
00:47:24,970 --> 00:47:27,351
U li jillibera l-memorja.

1035
00:47:27,351 --> 00:47:27,850
Kessaħ.

1036
00:47:27,850 --> 00:47:28,660
Mistoqsijiet oħra?

1037
00:47:28,660 --> 00:47:28,880
Iva.

1038
00:47:28,880 --> 00:47:30,838
>> UDJENZA: X'tagħmel
allokati dinamiku jfisser?

1039
00:47:30,838 --> 00:47:32,345

1040
00:47:32,345 --> 00:47:35,381
>> SPEAKER 1: Dinamikament allokat
ifisser, fil-kors tal-programm tiegħek.

1041
00:47:35,381 --> 00:47:37,630
Allura meta inti sejħa malloc fil
-nofs tal-programm tiegħek,

1042
00:47:37,630 --> 00:47:40,510
fil-bidu tal-programm,
hemm l-ebda memorja allokati.

1043
00:47:40,510 --> 00:47:42,600
U kif il-kompjuter
pass permezz dan il-kodiċi,

1044
00:47:42,600 --> 00:47:44,280
li għaddej biex jalloka l-memorja.

1045
00:47:44,280 --> 00:47:46,507
Allura dak hu li rridu nfissru minn dinamiku.

1046
00:47:46,507 --> 00:47:47,090
Tajba kwistjoni.

1047
00:47:47,090 --> 00:47:48,309
Yeah?

1048
00:47:48,309 --> 00:47:50,809
UDJENZA: Meta inti jiddefinixxu
array mal-parentesi kwadri,

1049
00:47:50,809 --> 00:47:54,154
ma li xorta [inaudible]?

1050
00:47:54,154 --> 00:47:55,570
SPEAKER 1: Li l-mistoqsija tajba.

1051
00:47:55,570 --> 00:48:00,320
I think meta inti jalloka firxa,
fil-fatt tqiegħdu fuq il-munzell.

1052
00:48:00,320 --> 00:48:03,008
Jien ma pożittivi dwar
li, sabiex ma jikkwotaw lili.

1053
00:48:03,008 --> 00:48:04,430
>> SPEAKER 2: I think it-- yeah
li tqiegħed fuq il-munzell.

1054
00:48:04,430 --> 00:48:05,763
>> SPEAKER 1: tqiegħdu fuq il-munzell.

1055
00:48:05,763 --> 00:48:07,044
OK, berred, ikkonfermat.

1056
00:48:07,044 --> 00:48:07,710
Mistoqsijiet oħra?

1057
00:48:07,710 --> 00:48:08,030
Yeah?

1058
00:48:08,030 --> 00:48:10,946
>> UDJENZA: Meta inti tiddelega malloc,
ma 'l-kompjuter awtomatikament

1059
00:48:10,946 --> 00:48:12,910
jalloka memorja għall-varjabbli tiegħek?

1060
00:48:12,910 --> 00:48:14,660
SPEAKER 1: Yeah, għal
varjabbli lokali tiegħek,

1061
00:48:14,660 --> 00:48:16,724
awtomatikament iqiegħed
memorja fuq il-munzell.

1062
00:48:16,724 --> 00:48:18,640
UDJENZA: Allura x'inhu l-
punt ta 'użu malloc?

1063
00:48:18,640 --> 00:48:19,840
SPEAKER 1: X'inhu l-
punt ta 'użu malloc?

1064
00:48:19,840 --> 00:48:22,850
Allura rajna mazz ta 'eżempji,
bħal, per eżempju, bl-użu tpartit,

1065
00:48:22,850 --> 00:48:25,690
fejn irridu li l-ambitu ta '
l varjabbli li tkun xi ħaġa

1066
00:48:25,690 --> 00:48:27,940
lil hinn minn sempliċiment sejħa funzjoni tiegħu.

1067
00:48:27,940 --> 00:48:29,875
U aħna nagħmlu xi ħaġa
li nistgħu jgħaddu madwar

1068
00:48:29,875 --> 00:48:31,750
u li nistgħu aċċess
minn postijiet differenti.

1069
00:48:31,750 --> 00:48:33,791
Li meta aħna'd tixtieq li
jitqiegħdu memorja fuq il-borġ.

1070
00:48:33,791 --> 00:48:37,835
Sabiex dawn kollha differenti
funzjonijiet tista 'aċċess.

1071
00:48:37,835 --> 00:48:40,510
>> UDJENZA: Tista 'biss tispjega li?

1072
00:48:40,510 --> 00:48:44,770
>> SPEAKER 1: Allura għażla waħda is-- hekk il
kwistjoni kienet, nistgħu biss allocate--

1073
00:48:44,770 --> 00:48:47,660
sorry, nistgħu tiddikjara
varjabbli globali, essenzjalment.

1074
00:48:47,660 --> 00:48:48,560
Li hija għażla waħda.

1075
00:48:48,560 --> 00:48:50,893
Iżda ma 'lott ta' dawn, dawk
tendenza li jiksbu verament messy.

1076
00:48:50,893 --> 00:48:52,847
U aħna ġeneralment jaħsbu
ta 'dak id-disinn bħala ħżiena.

1077
00:48:52,847 --> 00:48:53,821
Yeah.

1078
00:48:53,821 --> 00:48:56,580
Kessaħ, xi mistoqsijiet oħra?

1079
00:48:56,580 --> 00:48:57,140
Tal-biża.

1080
00:48:57,140 --> 00:48:58,789
OK, jimxu fuq.

1081
00:48:58,789 --> 00:49:00,580
Allura dan huwa effettivament
kif aħna jalloka memorja.

1082
00:49:00,580 --> 00:49:02,670
Aħna tkellimna dwar dan ftit.

1083
00:49:02,670 --> 00:49:04,240
Aħna nużaw din il-funzjoni tissejjaħ malloc.

1084
00:49:04,240 --> 00:49:07,850
U inti tgħid li kemm bytes fil
memorja, hekk kif ħafna bytes fuq il-munzell,

1085
00:49:07,850 --> 00:49:08,610
trid.

1086
00:49:08,610 --> 00:49:13,120
U li għaddej biex jirritorna l-indirizz,
hekk pointer li, biċċa tal-memorja

1087
00:49:13,120 --> 00:49:14,500
li huwa allokat għalik.

1088
00:49:14,500 --> 00:49:17,080
Allura l-tip se tkun stilla null.

1089
00:49:17,080 --> 00:49:21,310
Huwa ser tkun pointer li
tkun xi tkun inti tiddeċiedi li tqiegħed fil hemmhekk.

1090
00:49:21,310 --> 00:49:23,530
Kwalunkwe ħin li inti sejħa
malloc, aħna diġà qal

1091
00:49:23,530 --> 00:49:25,640
ikollok biex ħielsa hekk aħna
ma jkollhomx tnixxijiet memorja.

1092
00:49:25,640 --> 00:49:27,170
>> X'hemm-ħaġa oħra
li inti assolutament

1093
00:49:27,170 --> 00:49:29,185
tagħmel kull waħda
darba li inti sejħa malloc?

1094
00:49:29,185 --> 00:49:31,210

1095
00:49:31,210 --> 00:49:32,210
OK, inti għandek ħielsa it.

1096
00:49:32,210 --> 00:49:34,010
X'hemm-ħaġa oħra?

1097
00:49:34,010 --> 00:49:35,890
Iċċekkja għal null, beautiful.

1098
00:49:35,890 --> 00:49:38,850
Allura, yeah, huwa dritt
hemm fuq il-bord.

1099
00:49:38,850 --> 00:49:42,120
Jekk inti tipprova talloka
memorja u inti għandek ebda memorja xellug,

1100
00:49:42,120 --> 00:49:44,940
il-kompjuter se ngħid,
Għandi xejn li jtik.

1101
00:49:44,940 --> 00:49:47,650
U jagħtik lura null.

1102
00:49:47,650 --> 00:49:48,400
Mistoqsijiet dwar li?

1103
00:49:48,400 --> 00:49:49,290
Yeah.

1104
00:49:49,290 --> 00:49:52,995
>> UDJENZA: Għaliex kieku inti qatt tixtieq li
tiddikjara pointer ma 'tip speċifiku

1105
00:49:52,995 --> 00:49:56,329
meta star null jistgħu jimmaniġġjaw
tipi kollha pointer anyways?

1106
00:49:56,329 --> 00:49:57,370
SPEAKER 1: Tajba kwistjoni.

1107
00:49:57,370 --> 00:50:00,590
Għaliex kieku ngħidu star int
għall-kuntrarju null star

1108
00:50:00,590 --> 00:50:03,740
meta star vojt jistgħu jimmaniġġjaw kollox?

1109
00:50:03,740 --> 00:50:06,390
Allura aħna ma rridux li qatt
mitfugħa b'mod espliċitu pointers.

1110
00:50:06,390 --> 00:50:07,940
Huwa biss prattika ħażina.

1111
00:50:07,940 --> 00:50:11,850
Iżda ejja nitkellmu dwar istilel Int
biss bħala għarfien tal-

1112
00:50:11,850 --> 00:50:14,195
dan huwa pointer għal numru sħiħ.

1113
00:50:14,195 --> 00:50:14,850
>> UDJENZA: OK.

1114
00:50:14,850 --> 00:50:17,558
>> SPEAKER 1: Yeah, u dan jippermetti
li jimmanipulaw l-valuri fiha

1115
00:50:17,558 --> 00:50:18,667
kif interi.

1116
00:50:18,667 --> 00:50:20,008
>> UDJENZA: Oh, OK.

1117
00:50:20,008 --> 00:50:22,250
U stilla vojt ma let inti tagħmel dan?

1118
00:50:22,250 --> 00:50:25,070
>> SPEAKER 1: Hija tiddependi fuq il-
kuntest Yeah, so tinkwetax

1119
00:50:25,070 --> 00:50:28,460
ma jinkwetaw wisq
dwar it-tip hemmhekk.

1120
00:50:28,460 --> 00:50:32,620
Just jafu li, b'mod ġenerali, malloc
prospetti pointer għal xi ħaġa.

1121
00:50:32,620 --> 00:50:33,520
Tajba kwistjoni.

1122
00:50:33,520 --> 00:50:37,260
>> UDJENZA: Għaliex għandek jimmultiplikaw
it-ħinijiet 10? [Inaudible].

1123
00:50:37,260 --> 00:50:40,150
>> SPEAKER 1: Sure, so I kien biss
tagħmel eżempju każwali hawn fejn

1124
00:50:40,150 --> 00:50:42,840
Jien ridt li jallokaw biżżejjed
kamra biex taħżen 10 interi.

1125
00:50:42,840 --> 00:50:44,320
Just għażla każwali.

1126
00:50:44,320 --> 00:50:45,250
Yeah.

1127
00:50:45,250 --> 00:50:45,440
Yeah, x'hemm up?

1128
00:50:45,440 --> 00:50:47,440
>> UDJENZA: What do you
jfisser minn verifika għall null?

1129
00:50:47,440 --> 00:50:51,351
Do inti tixtieq li tivverifika l-
pointer għall null jew l malloc?

1130
00:50:51,351 --> 00:50:52,350
SPEAKER 1: Iva, eżattament.

1131
00:50:52,350 --> 00:50:54,599
Għalhekk il-kwistjoni kienet, dak
do rridu nfissru permezz ta 'ċekk mill null?

1132
00:50:54,599 --> 00:50:57,880
Irridu to-- ghaċ nitolbu malloc
u aħna qed lura pointer,

1133
00:50:57,880 --> 00:51:01,110
irridu ngħidu, huwa
pointer ugwali għal nulla?

1134
00:51:01,110 --> 00:51:02,610
Allura litteralment PTR.

1135
00:51:02,610 --> 00:51:05,620
Huwa PTR ugwali għal nulla.

1136
00:51:05,620 --> 00:51:06,958
Iva.

1137
00:51:06,958 --> 00:51:08,832
UDJENZA: Allura, I kien tip
tal jistaqsi, jekk inti

1138
00:51:08,832 --> 00:51:14,013
initialize l pointer fis malloc, ma
huwa punt għall-bidu tal malloc?

1139
00:51:14,013 --> 00:51:15,097
Għaliex jekk huwa ta 'array--

1140
00:51:15,097 --> 00:51:16,554
SPEAKER 1: Li l-kwistjoni kbira.

1141
00:51:16,554 --> 00:51:19,200
Yeah, jekk inti sejħa malloc, il
pointer li it-- ejja ngħidu,

1142
00:51:19,200 --> 00:51:21,700
hekk hawn aħna jallokaw 10 bytes ta 'memorja.

1143
00:51:21,700 --> 00:51:23,830
Allura, jien sorry, biżżejjed
kamra għal 10 interi,

1144
00:51:23,830 --> 00:51:28,220
aħna qed tmur biex tikseb l-indirizz ta '
li l-ewwel biċċa ta 'l-memorja.

1145
00:51:28,220 --> 00:51:29,880
Li l-mistoqsija tajba.

1146
00:51:29,880 --> 00:51:30,481
Yeah.

1147
00:51:30,481 --> 00:51:34,810
>> UDJENZA: Billi wieħed jalloka
10 interi mifruxa,

1148
00:51:34,810 --> 00:51:38,177
inti tista attwalment jużaw dan
pointer kif like-- kważi

1149
00:51:38,177 --> 00:51:39,372
bħal firxa ta 'numri interi?

1150
00:51:39,372 --> 00:51:41,830
SPEAKER 1: Yeah, għalhekk tista 'inti
jużawha bħala firxa ta 'numri interi?

1151
00:51:41,830 --> 00:51:45,970
Yeah, eżattament, dan huwa dak Pulak biss
wera inti on-- ftit slides ilu,

1152
00:51:45,970 --> 00:51:48,680
fejn aħna ngħidu, OK, dan huwa
verament biss tip of-- aħna

1153
00:51:48,680 --> 00:51:50,805
tista 'taħseb li bħala
firxa ta '10 interi.

1154
00:51:50,805 --> 00:51:52,222
Hija biss jiġri li jkun fuq il-borġ.

1155
00:51:52,222 --> 00:51:54,971
UDJENZA: Imma int ma setgħux aċċess
bl notazzjoni parentesi kwadri?

1156
00:51:54,971 --> 00:51:58,220
SPEAKER 1: Inti fil-fatt tista 'aċċess
bl notazzjoni parentesi kwadri, yeah.

1157
00:51:58,220 --> 00:52:00,221
Inti tista jittrattawhom l-istess.

1158
00:52:00,221 --> 00:52:00,720
Iva.

1159
00:52:00,720 --> 00:52:02,420
>> UDJENZA: Għaliex kieku
Pointer qatt ikunu nulli?

1160
00:52:02,420 --> 00:52:04,170
>> SPEAKER 1: Għaliex kieku
Pointer qatt ikunu nulli?

1161
00:52:04,170 --> 00:52:06,570
Jekk inti se tuża up kollha tal
il-memorja fuq borġ tiegħek.

1162
00:52:06,570 --> 00:52:09,141
Jekk programm tiegħek qed tiekol up,
tiekol up, tiekol up memorja,

1163
00:52:09,141 --> 00:52:11,890
u hemm xejn xellug, imbagħad
malloc għaddej biex say-- jekk inti tgħidli,

1164
00:52:11,890 --> 00:52:14,760
Irrid 100 bytes aktar, li għaddej
ngħid, jien ma jkollhom 100 bytes.

1165
00:52:14,760 --> 00:52:15,740
Hawn null.

1166
00:52:15,740 --> 00:52:18,780
Dan ifisser, I fallew.

1167
00:52:18,780 --> 00:52:20,516
Iva.

1168
00:52:20,516 --> 00:52:22,830
>> UDJENZA: F'dak il-każ,
null xejn, id-dritt?

1169
00:52:22,830 --> 00:52:24,110
>> SPEAKER 1: Iva, f'dak
każ, null xejn.

1170
00:52:24,110 --> 00:52:24,943
Inti għandek l-ebda indirizz.

1171
00:52:24,943 --> 00:52:28,065
M'hemm l-ebda memorja.

1172
00:52:28,065 --> 00:52:31,500
Dritt kollha, jimxu fuq.

1173
00:52:31,500 --> 00:52:34,976
OK, ejja nitkellmu verament malajr
dwar overflow buffer.

1174
00:52:34,976 --> 00:52:38,210
Meta jista niltaqgħu buffer overflow?

1175
00:52:38,210 --> 00:52:42,980
Ejja ngħidu li għandna a-- aħna
jallokaw blokki ta 'memorja,

1176
00:52:42,980 --> 00:52:44,720
u aħna qed tmur biex jiktbu l-sekwenza fil.

1177
00:52:44,720 --> 00:52:47,240
U aħna qed tmur biex ngħid,
OK, jien ser talloka

1178
00:52:47,240 --> 00:52:49,320
biżżejjed spazju għal sitt karattri.

1179
00:52:49,320 --> 00:52:51,680
U jien ser jistaqsu
l-utent għal xi input.

1180
00:52:51,680 --> 00:52:54,470
U l-inputs utent, per eżempju, bonjour.

1181
00:52:54,470 --> 00:52:56,430
U li taqbel perfettament
multa għaliex għandna

1182
00:52:56,430 --> 00:53:00,790
kamra għal kulħadd l-karattri ta 'hello,
u l-karattru li jtemm null.

1183
00:53:00,790 --> 00:53:02,840
Ħafna spazju, l-ebda problema.

1184
00:53:02,840 --> 00:53:08,010
>> Imma x'jiġri jekk aħna nagħtu l-opportunità
għall-utent ħażen biex tużah programm tagħna,

1185
00:53:08,010 --> 00:53:13,152
u dawn it-tip f'mhux sitt karattri,
jew le ħames karattri, iżda miljun.

1186
00:53:13,152 --> 00:53:15,860
Huma jżommu ittajpjar, u t-tajping, u
ittajpjar, x'inhu jiġri?

1187
00:53:15,860 --> 00:53:18,220
Well we biss jagħtu l-
enough-- kompjuter jew sorry,

1188
00:53:18,220 --> 00:53:23,350
aħna biss taw din is-sekwenza
biżżejjed spazju għal 5 karattri.

1189
00:53:23,350 --> 00:53:28,300
Allura, aħna qed tmur biex tikseb xi ħaġa bħal
dan, fejn il-persuna ħażen li l-

1190
00:53:28,300 --> 00:53:31,750
ittajpjar fl input tista jissostitwixxu
id-daqs tal-buffer,

1191
00:53:31,750 --> 00:53:35,922
u tista 'tmur fil-fatt fil-passat l-ammont
li huwa oriġinarjament allokati.

1192
00:53:35,922 --> 00:53:38,380
U allura x'tista 'tagħmel, il-
ħaġa verament ħażen inti tista 'tagħmel,

1193
00:53:38,380 --> 00:53:40,260
huwa jissostitwixxu l-indirizz ta 'ritorn.

1194
00:53:40,260 --> 00:53:42,010
Li bażikament ifisser
inti tista 'tip ta' jieħu

1195
00:53:42,010 --> 00:53:45,110
kontroll tal-imġiba tal-programm.

1196
00:53:45,110 --> 00:53:47,880
Allura f'livell tassew għoli
overflow buffer huwa meta

1197
00:53:47,880 --> 00:53:49,960
inti jalloka xi ammont tal-memorja.

1198
00:53:49,960 --> 00:53:53,060
U allura you-- dan għax int
teħid jintuza mill-utent jew xi ħaġa

1199
00:53:53,060 --> 00:53:57,190
bħal that-- inti tmur fuq il-limiti
ta 'dak li inti stajt ġew allokati oriġinarjament

1200
00:53:57,190 --> 00:53:59,955
u jibdew messing up program tiegħek.

1201
00:53:59,955 --> 00:54:00,455
Iva?

1202
00:54:00,455 --> 00:54:03,220
>> UDJENZA: Għaliex kieku ma biss li
ritorn tort segmentazzjoni?

1203
00:54:03,220 --> 00:54:05,594
>> SPEAKER 1: Għaliex kieku ma dik
ritorn tort segmentazzjoni?

1204
00:54:05,594 --> 00:54:06,570
Hija tista '.

1205
00:54:06,570 --> 00:54:10,030
Xi kultant l-kompilatur jew
matul wieħed mill runtime tiegħek

1206
00:54:10,030 --> 00:54:11,430
huwa attwalment għaddejjin biex jivverifikaw li.

1207
00:54:11,430 --> 00:54:13,890
Jekk ċerti affarijiet jiġri, u
dan huwa tip ta 'livell aktar baxx,

1208
00:54:13,890 --> 00:54:15,610
imbagħad inti għandek bżonn tkun taf.

1209
00:54:15,610 --> 00:54:18,820
Imma jekk inti ma disinn
sewwa dawn is-sistemi,

1210
00:54:18,820 --> 00:54:21,170
allura inti għandek l-opportunità
ta 'mhux qbid dan u biss

1211
00:54:21,170 --> 00:54:24,844
li jippermetti l-kompjuter take-- l
persuna ħażen biex jikkontrollaw il-kompjuter tiegħek.

1212
00:54:24,844 --> 00:54:25,344
Yeah.

1213
00:54:25,344 --> 00:54:26,260
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible]?

1214
00:54:26,260 --> 00:54:28,934

1215
00:54:28,934 --> 00:54:29,600
SPEAKER 1: Sure.

1216
00:54:29,600 --> 00:54:33,800
Oh, meta ngħid buffer, I jfissirx biss l-
ammont tal-memorja li inti stajt allokat.

1217
00:54:33,800 --> 00:54:39,090
So here I said, oh, konna allokat sitt
char-- biżżejjed spazju għal sitt karattri.

1218
00:54:39,090 --> 00:54:42,880
U jien biss sejħa li buffer tiegħi
fejn I tista 'tikteb l-informazzjoni.

1219
00:54:42,880 --> 00:54:44,390
Yeah.

1220
00:54:44,390 --> 00:54:46,791
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra dwar dan?

1221
00:54:46,791 --> 00:54:47,290
Yeah.

1222
00:54:47,290 --> 00:54:49,150
>> UDJENZA: Kif inti tieqaf?

1223
00:54:49,150 --> 00:54:50,274
Kif inti tieqaf?

1224
00:54:50,274 --> 00:54:51,440
SPEAKER 1: kwistjoni biża.

1225
00:54:51,440 --> 00:54:52,240
Kif inti tieqaf?

1226
00:54:52,240 --> 00:54:54,110
Kif inti jkunx hemm fluss żejjed buffer?

1227
00:54:54,110 --> 00:54:59,160
Ukoll mod wieħed biex tagħmel dan huwa xi ħaġa simili
GetString, fejn ahna kontinwament tiżdied

1228
00:54:59,160 --> 00:55:03,200
l-ammont tal-memorja li aħna jallokaw
jekk l-utent jidħol ħafna test.

1229
00:55:03,200 --> 00:55:07,570
Ieħor il-ħaġa hija, jekk inti biss
trid sitt karattri, tagħmel verifika malajr.

1230
00:55:07,570 --> 00:55:11,220
Say biss input sitt karattri.

1231
00:55:11,220 --> 00:55:12,444
Yeah.

1232
00:55:12,444 --> 00:55:14,360
Mela ejja ngħidu li inti kienu
taħdem on-- aħna qed tmur

1233
00:55:14,360 --> 00:55:16,985
li jmorru lil Jittieħed web ftit
aktar tard fil-course-- imma ejja

1234
00:55:16,985 --> 00:55:21,422
jgħidu li qed jaħdmu fuq formola, inti
biss jillimitaw kemm jista mogħtija in.

1235
00:55:21,422 --> 00:55:22,378
Yeah.

1236
00:55:22,378 --> 00:55:24,768
>> UDJENZA: GetString jiġbed
memorja minn munzell, id-dritt?

1237
00:55:24,768 --> 00:55:25,444
Just biex tiċċara?

1238
00:55:25,444 --> 00:55:26,485
SPEAKER 1: Wieħed aktar ħin?

1239
00:55:26,485 --> 00:55:28,400
UDJENZA: Does GetString
jieħu memorja mill-munzell?

1240
00:55:28,400 --> 00:55:31,210
SPEAKER 1: Nemmen Getm-- get
int tieħu memorja mill-munzell

1241
00:55:31,210 --> 00:55:32,911
għaliex hija ssejjaħ ALLOC.

1242
00:55:32,911 --> 00:55:33,452
UDJENZA: Oh.

1243
00:55:33,452 --> 00:55:33,951
KOLLOX SEW.

1244
00:55:33,951 --> 00:55:35,750
SPEAKER 1: Yeah, malloc u realloc.

1245
00:55:35,750 --> 00:55:37,120
Mistoqsijiet oħra?

1246
00:55:37,120 --> 00:55:37,803
Yeah.

1247
00:55:37,803 --> 00:55:40,650
>> UDJENZA: Allura billi jiddefinixxu
id-daqs tal-lqugħ,

1248
00:55:40,650 --> 00:55:42,733
inti tevita xi ħadd mill
tkun tista 'tinjetta kodiċi

1249
00:55:42,733 --> 00:55:45,700
li jista 'slide passat il-[inaudible].

1250
00:55:45,700 --> 00:55:48,130
>> SPEAKER 1: Allura, billi jiddefinixxu
id-daqs tal-buffer,

1251
00:55:48,130 --> 00:55:50,760
inti stajt qal, OK hawnhekk kif
memorja ħafna nistgħu nużaw.

1252
00:55:50,760 --> 00:55:55,550
Jekk inti jippermettu lill-utent biex jiktbu fuqha,
allura int ser tiffaċċja xi problemi.

1253
00:55:55,550 --> 00:55:57,930
Jagħmel sens.

1254
00:55:57,930 --> 00:55:59,370
Tal-biża.

1255
00:55:59,370 --> 00:56:00,640
Ejja jimxu flimkien.

1256
00:56:00,640 --> 00:56:02,320
Kull dritt.

1257
00:56:02,320 --> 00:56:06,652
Taħdit ta 'żbalji, hawn huma
xi messaġġi ta 'żball komuni

1258
00:56:06,652 --> 00:56:09,860
li jistgħu urew waqt li kont
kodifikazzjoni, li jaħdmu fuq settijiet problema tiegħek.

1259
00:56:09,860 --> 00:56:12,320
Ċans tajjeb li wieħed mill
dawn juri fuq l-kwizz

1260
00:56:12,320 --> 00:56:15,090
jekk aħħar snin huma xi indikazzjoni.

1261
00:56:15,090 --> 00:56:17,580
Allura, tweġibiet huma tip ta '
up here fuq il-bord.

1262
00:56:17,580 --> 00:56:19,510
Iżda li tħossok liberu li shout out ftit aktar.

1263
00:56:19,510 --> 00:56:21,280
>> Għaliex jista difett segmentazzjoni jiġri?

1264
00:56:21,280 --> 00:56:24,279
Għaliex jista ikollok tort segmentazzjoni
meta int taħdem program tiegħek?

1265
00:56:24,279 --> 00:56:26,760

1266
00:56:26,760 --> 00:56:28,230
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible].

1267
00:56:28,230 --> 00:56:29,500
>> SPEAKER 1: Tajba.

1268
00:56:29,500 --> 00:56:32,820
Yeah, jekk nippruvaw aċċess
memorja li mhux mogħtija lilna.

1269
00:56:32,820 --> 00:56:34,610
Jekk aħna dereference pointer null.

1270
00:56:34,610 --> 00:56:38,610
Per eżempju, jekk nagħmlu sejħa malloc,
u tinsa biex jiċċekkjaw jekk huwa null,

1271
00:56:38,610 --> 00:56:42,250
u aħna biss jippruvaw tużaha,-kompjuter
ser tagħtina tort segmentazzjoni.

1272
00:56:42,250 --> 00:56:42,750
Tajba.

1273
00:56:42,750 --> 00:56:46,680
Xi ngħidu dwar impliċitu
Dikjarazzjoni tal-funzjoni?

1274
00:56:46,680 --> 00:56:48,589
Xi tfisser?

1275
00:56:48,589 --> 00:56:51,380
UDJENZA: Inti qed tipprova tuża
funzjoni li int ma definiti.

1276
00:56:51,380 --> 00:56:52,130
SPEAKER 1: Tajba.

1277
00:56:52,130 --> 00:56:54,504
Inti qed jippruvaw jużaw funzjoni
li int ma definiti.

1278
00:56:54,504 --> 00:56:56,000
Allura li jista 'jkun wieħed minn żewġ affarijiet.

1279
00:56:56,000 --> 00:56:59,320
Forsi kien simili l-eżempju
Camille wera inti qabel.

1280
00:56:59,320 --> 00:57:02,330
U inti għandek funzjoni ewlenija
li jitlob xi ħaġa imsejħa kubu.

1281
00:57:02,330 --> 00:57:04,371
U ejja ngħidu li inti nesa
li tikteb din prototip.

1282
00:57:04,371 --> 00:57:07,540
Inti nesa li jgħidu, ħej kompjuter,
I jkollhom din il-funzjoni tissejjaħ kubu.

1283
00:57:07,540 --> 00:57:09,380
Int ser ikollok tara aktar tard.

1284
00:57:09,380 --> 00:57:12,440
Ejja ngħidu li inti nesa li tikteb il-
prototip, inti tista 'tikseb dan l-iżball.

1285
00:57:12,440 --> 00:57:14,820
Ħaġa oħra hija, ejja ngħidu
vous essayé tuża printf,

1286
00:57:14,820 --> 00:57:16,880
u nesa li jinkludu
l-librerija standard,

1287
00:57:16,880 --> 00:57:20,240
allura huwa għaddej biex ngħid impliċitu
dikjarazzjoni tal-funzjoni.

1288
00:57:20,240 --> 00:57:22,800
U l-aħħar, iżda mhux l-inqas,
identifikatur mhux iddikjarat.

1289
00:57:22,800 --> 00:57:23,300
Yeah.

1290
00:57:23,300 --> 00:57:24,841
>> UDJENZA: You ħadthom ltqajna ambitu problema.

1291
00:57:24,841 --> 00:57:28,728
Bħal forsi inti qed tipprova
sejħa varjabbli lokali li l-

1292
00:57:28,728 --> 00:57:30,884
fi speċi differenti ta 'żona.

1293
00:57:30,884 --> 00:57:33,550
SPEAKER 1: Great, hekk jekk ikollok
varjabbli li mhux fl-ambitu,

1294
00:57:33,550 --> 00:57:36,890
u inti qed tipprova li jużawh,
int ser tikseb fl-inkwiet.

1295
00:57:36,890 --> 00:57:40,960
U biss b'mod aktar ġenerali, ejja ngħidu
inti tipprova tuża x, mal dejjem qal int

1296
00:57:40,960 --> 00:57:45,140
x ugwali 5, allura int
ser jidħlu f'inkwiet.

1297
00:57:45,140 --> 00:57:47,640
Skuża me, mistoqsijiet dwar dan?

1298
00:57:47,640 --> 00:57:49,330
Tal-biża, chugging dritt flimkien.

1299
00:57:49,330 --> 00:57:55,692
>> OK, recursion, għaliex might-- ejja
see-- Tlift tiegħi sch-- oh here we go,

1300
00:57:55,692 --> 00:57:57,400
biss tagħmel żgur aħna qed
bejn wieħed u ieħor fuq l-iskeda.

1301
00:57:57,400 --> 00:57:59,060
Dritt kollha, berred.

1302
00:57:59,060 --> 00:58:03,150
OK, recursion, l-idea ġenerali
ta recursion, funzjoni jirrikorri

1303
00:58:03,150 --> 00:58:05,380
hija funzjoni li s-sejħiet innifsu.

1304
00:58:05,380 --> 00:58:08,170
OK, hekk dan huwa dak I
jfisser minn kunċett programm

1305
00:58:08,170 --> 00:58:11,130
li biha funzjoni sejħiet innifsu.

1306
00:58:11,130 --> 00:58:16,210
Liema jkun some-- x'hemm
raġuni tajba għall-użu recursion?

1307
00:58:16,210 --> 00:58:17,550
Meta jista 'dan ikun utli?

1308
00:58:17,550 --> 00:58:20,926
Jew X'qed programm li verament
jippresta ruħu għal recursion?

1309
00:58:20,926 --> 00:58:22,330
>> UDJENZA: tfittxija Binarju.

1310
00:58:22,330 --> 00:58:25,500
>> SPEAKER 1: tfittxija Binarju
jippresta ruħu għal recursion,

1311
00:58:25,500 --> 00:58:29,060
għaliex għandek din il-problema li inti
jistgħu jkissru f'biċċiet iżgħar,

1312
00:58:29,060 --> 00:58:32,330
u kontinwament iwettqu
l-istess algoritmu fuqha.

1313
00:58:32,330 --> 00:58:37,790
Dan iwassal għal, f'ħafna każijiet, aktar
kodiċi eleganti li l-aktar preċiż.

1314
00:58:37,790 --> 00:58:40,500
Aħna biss huma l-eżempju
ta 'tfittxija binarja.

1315
00:58:40,500 --> 00:58:43,100
Eżempju ieħor huwa jingħaqdu sort.

1316
00:58:43,100 --> 00:58:45,920
Xi kultant, meta taħseb tal
algoritmu, bħal fatturi,

1317
00:58:45,920 --> 00:58:47,410
hija biss iħoss rikursivi, id-dritt?

1318
00:58:47,410 --> 00:58:52,440
Għaliex aħna nafu li l-fattorjali
tal-5 huwa fattorjali 4 darbiet 5.

1319
00:58:52,440 --> 00:58:56,080
U hekk meta inti twaqqaf problema
il-mod, hija biss iħoss rikursivi.

1320
00:58:56,080 --> 00:58:58,530
Allura li tkun
mod tajjeb ħafna biex tiktibha.

1321
00:58:58,530 --> 00:58:59,425
Mistoqsijiet?

1322
00:58:59,425 --> 00:59:00,395
Iva.

1323
00:59:00,395 --> 00:59:01,850
>> UDJENZA: X'hemm a każ bażi?

1324
00:59:01,850 --> 00:59:02,770
>> SPEAKER 1: Oh x'hemm każ bażi?

1325
00:59:02,770 --> 00:59:04,680
I said, ma ninsewx
li jinkludu każ bażi.

1326
00:59:04,680 --> 00:59:07,690
Ejja ngħidu li konna bil-miktub
funzjoni fatturi,

1327
00:59:07,690 --> 00:59:09,620
u aħna kienu qed jagħmlu fattorjali tal-5.

1328
00:59:09,620 --> 00:59:12,352
U nafu fattorjali ta '5
huwa 5 darbiet fattorjali ta '4,

1329
00:59:12,352 --> 00:59:13,310
blah, blah, blah, blah.

1330
00:59:13,310 --> 00:59:14,360
Kif inkunu nafu meta tieqaf?

1331
00:59:14,360 --> 00:59:16,276
Kif inkunu nafu li aħna
fil-fatt ikollhom numru?

1332
00:59:16,276 --> 00:59:20,180
Għaliex jekk aħna miżmuma ssejjaħ fatturi,
allura aħna qatt ma d jirċievi risposta, right?

1333
00:59:20,180 --> 00:59:24,470
Allura meta inkunu nafu kif
stop fl-eżempju fattorjali.

1334
00:59:24,470 --> 00:59:25,460
Kulħadd, yeah.

1335
00:59:25,460 --> 00:59:27,764
>> UDJENZA: Meta l-fattorjali 1 huwa 1.

1336
00:59:27,764 --> 00:59:28,430
SPEAKER 1: Tajba.

1337
00:59:28,430 --> 00:59:29,530
Allura nafu.

1338
00:59:29,530 --> 00:59:33,400
Nistgħu jieħdu għal mogħtija li
1 fattorjali huwa ugwali għal 1.

1339
00:59:33,400 --> 00:59:36,570
Allura jekk aħna jasal sal-punt fejn
aħna qed ssejjaħ fattoriku fl-1,

1340
00:59:36,570 --> 00:59:38,050
biss jimxi 'l quddiem u r-ritorn 1.

1341
00:59:38,050 --> 00:59:39,180
U li każ bażi tiegħek.

1342
00:59:39,180 --> 00:59:45,040
Għaliex aħna nafu ladarba aħna hit li, u
aħna dejjem se tolqot dan, aħna se never--

1343
00:59:45,040 --> 00:59:48,800
aħna mhux se biss iżommu għaddejjin għal dejjem.

1344
00:59:48,800 --> 00:59:50,700
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra fuq recursion?

1345
00:59:50,700 --> 00:59:51,630
Iva.

1346
00:59:51,630 --> 00:59:54,420
>> UDJENZA: Allura meta inti tirritorna
1, hija biss awtomatikament

1347
00:59:54,420 --> 00:59:56,290
se twaqqaf il-programm, id-dritt?

1348
00:59:56,290 --> 00:59:59,390
>> SPEAKER 1: Yeah hekk meta inti
sejħa ritorn 1, if-- ejja ngħidu,

1349
00:59:59,390 --> 01:00:04,480
ejja ngħidu fattorjali ta '2 sejħiet
fattorjali ta '1, fattorjali ta 1

1350
01:00:04,480 --> 01:00:06,120
biss għandhom jagħtu lura 1.

1351
01:00:06,120 --> 01:00:12,790
U issa fattorjali ta 2 se ngħid OK, 2
ħinijiet 1 huwa 2, u r-ritorn din ir-risposta.

1352
01:00:12,790 --> 01:00:14,260
Iva.

1353
01:00:14,260 --> 01:00:16,710
>> UDJENZA: Do we jkollhom għalfejn tinkwieta
dwar ambitu fl recursion

1354
01:00:16,710 --> 01:00:20,150
meta inti tmur fis algoritmu?

1355
01:00:20,150 --> 01:00:21,880
>> SPEAKER 1: Ah, iva.

1356
01:00:21,880 --> 01:00:25,060
Iva, inti do jkollhom għalfejn tinkwieta dwar
ambitu fil-kuntest ta 'recursion.

1357
01:00:25,060 --> 01:00:29,820
Allura biss il-varjabli definiti
f'dak run tal-funzjoni

1358
01:00:29,820 --> 01:00:32,170
ser ikunu utli.

1359
01:00:32,170 --> 01:00:33,792
Yeah mistoqsija tajba.

1360
01:00:33,792 --> 01:00:35,250
Kull dritt, ejja iżommu jimxu tul.

1361
01:00:35,250 --> 01:00:37,320
Għaliex għandna ħafna ta '
materjal li tinkiseb permezz.

1362
01:00:37,320 --> 01:00:41,080
Imma kif għidt, tħossok liberu li tolqot up
ħinijiet tal-uffiċċju, jew us wara l-fatt.

1363
01:00:41,080 --> 01:00:42,850
>> Dan huwa biss slide tassew mgħaġġla.

1364
01:00:42,850 --> 01:00:45,150
Aħna tgħallimna ħafna dwar
tiftix u xorta.

1365
01:00:45,150 --> 01:00:47,400
Jekk jogħġbok, jekk jogħġbok, jekk jogħġbok,
dawn is-sezzjonijiet huma online,

1366
01:00:47,400 --> 01:00:51,240
Nemmen fil cs50.net/quizzes.

1367
01:00:51,240 --> 01:00:53,762
Allura jmorru jieħdu din it-tabella u
poġġih fuq folja reviżjoni tiegħek,

1368
01:00:53,762 --> 01:00:55,470
għaliex se jkun hemm
mistoqsija dwar din.

1369
01:00:55,470 --> 01:00:56,682
Jekk jogħġbok ma jsibux hija żbaljata.

1370
01:00:56,682 --> 01:00:58,390
Just malajr ħafna,
dak din it-tabella ifisser,

1371
01:00:58,390 --> 01:01:04,370
huwa taħdidiet o dwar big, li nafu
li jkun l-ogħla marbut ta 'algoritmi

1372
01:01:04,370 --> 01:01:05,150
running time.

1373
01:01:05,150 --> 01:01:08,080
U aħna għandna omega, li hija
se tkun l-inferjuri

1374
01:01:08,080 --> 01:01:10,290
ta 'runtime algoritmi.

1375
01:01:10,290 --> 01:01:10,840
KOLLOX SEW?

1376
01:01:10,840 --> 01:01:12,480
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible].

1377
01:01:12,480 --> 01:01:12,800
>> SPEAKER 1: Yeah, x'inhu l-aħħar ħaġa?

1378
01:01:12,800 --> 01:01:13,380
X'hemm theta?

1379
01:01:13,380 --> 01:01:16,850
Huwa jekk we-- aħna qed biss ser
kura dwar f'din il-klassi fil-każ

1380
01:01:16,850 --> 01:01:19,381
fejn fuq tagħna marbuta u
inferjuri tagħna huma l-istess.

1381
01:01:19,381 --> 01:01:22,005
Yeah, dak l-uniku ħin huwa
ser toħroġ f'din il-klassi.

1382
01:01:22,005 --> 01:01:23,320
OK, jien ser jibqgħu għaddejjin.

1383
01:01:23,320 --> 01:01:26,490
Jekk ma tkunx ħadt stampa tiegħek,
I wegħda dawn ser ikunu online.

1384
01:01:26,490 --> 01:01:28,220
>> OK, biża, structs.

1385
01:01:28,220 --> 01:01:29,810
Għaliex jista irridu structs?

1386
01:01:29,810 --> 01:01:34,110
X'hemm raġuni utli
aħna tista 'tixtieq structs.

1387
01:01:34,110 --> 01:01:36,277
Xi ħadd shout xi ħaġa out.

1388
01:01:36,277 --> 01:01:38,110
Well ejja nħarsu lejn il-
eżempju fuq il-bord.

1389
01:01:38,110 --> 01:01:41,090
Ejja ngħidu aħna qed jittrattaw
kollha ta 'dawn l-istudenti.

1390
01:01:41,090 --> 01:01:44,900
Jekk aħna qed tagħmel programm għall
CS50, hemm bħal 800 persuna.

1391
01:01:44,900 --> 01:01:47,890
Għandna bżonn li write-- aħna qed tmur biex
bżonn biex jimmaniġġaw ħafna ta 'informazzjoni

1392
01:01:47,890 --> 01:01:49,020
dwar l-istudenti.

1393
01:01:49,020 --> 01:01:50,990
Ikun sbieħ jekk
nistgħu tip ta 'grupp

1394
01:01:50,990 --> 01:01:54,460
this-- l-informazzjoni kollha li
għandha x'taqsam ma 'student partikolari

1395
01:01:54,460 --> 01:01:56,027
fis tip ta 'data wieħed.

1396
01:01:56,027 --> 01:01:58,360
Iżda nafu hemm l-ebda data
tip imsejħa, Student, id-dritt?

1397
01:01:58,360 --> 01:02:01,890
Għandna numru sħiħ, għandna float,
għandna string, jew stilla char,

1398
01:02:01,890 --> 01:02:03,920
iżda aħna ma jkollhomx, student.

1399
01:02:03,920 --> 01:02:08,680
>> Allura nistgħu nagħmlu huwa attwalment tip ta 'jiddefinixxu
istruttura tagħna stess, sejħa hija student,

1400
01:02:08,680 --> 01:02:12,440
u nistgħu jassoċjaw xi
oqsma differenti li Struct.

1401
01:02:12,440 --> 01:02:14,410
Allura f'dan il-każ, ejja
ngħidu aħna għandna student.

1402
01:02:14,410 --> 01:02:17,350
U l-affarijiet li aħna kura
dwar huma n-numru student ID

1403
01:02:17,350 --> 01:02:19,500
u l-isem l-istudent.

1404
01:02:19,500 --> 01:02:24,175
U issa nistgħu jassoċjaw din ID
u dan l-isem ma 'student partikolari.

1405
01:02:24,175 --> 01:02:25,300
Mela ejja naraw xi eżempji.

1406
01:02:25,300 --> 01:02:28,860

1407
01:02:28,860 --> 01:02:33,490
>> OK, so here I say, OK, ejja
ngħidu aħna tixtieq li tagħmel student.

1408
01:02:33,490 --> 01:02:35,050
I jsejjaħħlu student 1.

1409
01:02:35,050 --> 01:02:38,850
U n-numru ID tiegħu, fil
F'dan il-każ, nistgħu aċċess

1410
01:02:38,850 --> 01:02:45,200
bi ftit tagħmel l-isem ta 'l-istudent
dot-qasam irridu aċċess.

1411
01:02:45,200 --> 01:02:49,110
Allura dan se jkun biss student
1 dot ID, u aħna waqqafna dan ugwali għal 1.

1412
01:02:49,110 --> 01:02:52,300
Minħabba ftakar, aħna qal li
ID se tkun numru sħiħ.

1413
01:02:52,300 --> 01:02:56,540
U l-istess ħafna, nistgħu ngħidu, dan
Isem istudent se tkun Davin,

1414
01:02:56,540 --> 01:02:57,760
pereżempju.

1415
01:02:57,760 --> 01:03:01,420
Allura nistgħu biss aċċess qasam
ta 'Struct jużaw dan dot.

1416
01:03:01,420 --> 01:03:03,098
Mistoqsijiet dwar li?

1417
01:03:03,098 --> 01:03:03,598
Yeah.

1418
01:03:03,598 --> 01:03:05,582
>> UDJENZA: Hemm xi mod
biex jipproteġu varjabbli tiegħek?

1419
01:03:05,582 --> 01:03:08,560
Hemm xi mod biex jipproteġu varjabbli
milli jiġu aċċessati esternament?

1420
01:03:08,560 --> 01:03:10,726
>> SPEAKER 1: Hemm xorta waħda
biex jipproteġu varjabbli tiegħek

1421
01:03:10,726 --> 01:03:12,680
milli jiġu aċċessati esternament?

1422
01:03:12,680 --> 01:03:13,750
Mhux fl-ambitu ta 'CS50.

1423
01:03:13,750 --> 01:03:16,680

1424
01:03:16,680 --> 01:03:17,977
Mistoqsijiet oħra?

1425
01:03:17,977 --> 01:03:18,476
Yeah.

1426
01:03:18,476 --> 01:03:18,942
>> UDJENZA: X'inhu typedef Istituzzjonjijiet?

1427
01:03:18,942 --> 01:03:20,192
Xi jfisser kull komponent jfisser?

1428
01:03:20,192 --> 01:03:22,937

1429
01:03:22,937 --> 01:03:24,520
SPEAKER 1: Ah, dak li huwa typedef Istituzzjonjijiet?

1430
01:03:24,520 --> 01:03:26,240
Xi jfisser kull komponent
medja ta 'dan Guy?

1431
01:03:26,240 --> 01:03:26,850
>> UDJENZA: Yeah.

1432
01:03:26,850 --> 01:03:27,683
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, berred.

1433
01:03:27,683 --> 01:03:31,200
Allura dan jgħid, ħej kompjuter, I
tixtieq li tinħoloq struttura ġdida.

1434
01:03:31,200 --> 01:03:34,970
U jien ser jiddefinixxu definizzjoni
għal dan, tali li I jistgħu jużawha

1435
01:03:34,970 --> 01:03:37,520
daqs li kieku kienet tip
matul programm tiegħi.

1436
01:03:37,520 --> 01:03:39,300
OK, so I tixtieq li jiddefinixxu struttura.

1437
01:03:39,300 --> 01:03:41,650
U jien issa ser ikunu
tista 'tużah bħala tip.

1438
01:03:41,650 --> 01:03:43,400
U ismu jkun student.

1439
01:03:43,400 --> 01:03:45,730
U hawn huma oqsma.

1440
01:03:45,730 --> 01:03:48,130
>> UDJENZA: Allura huwa li
typedef Struct [inaudible]?

1441
01:03:48,130 --> 01:03:50,592

1442
01:03:50,592 --> 01:03:53,800
SPEAKER 1: Jekk inti tixtieq li tkun tista '
tuża din Struct matul il-programm tiegħek,

1443
01:03:53,800 --> 01:03:57,910
u f'ħafna każijiet CS50 aħna
tagħmel, irridu ngħidu tip Def.

1444
01:03:57,910 --> 01:04:01,190
U li jippermettilha tuża l-istess
mod li nużaw bħal int jew float.

1445
01:04:01,190 --> 01:04:04,168
Il-kompjuter se
dejjem taf għalxiex.

1446
01:04:04,168 --> 01:04:04,668
Yeah.

1447
01:04:04,668 --> 01:04:06,560
>> UDJENZA: Nistgħu jiktbu
dan fil-fajl header?

1448
01:04:06,560 --> 01:04:07,060
>> SPEAKER 1: Oh, sorry.

1449
01:04:07,060 --> 01:04:08,600
Do we tikteb din fil-fajl header?

1450
01:04:08,600 --> 01:04:11,410
Inti tista 'tikteb dan fil-quċċata tal tiegħek
programm, fil-quċċata tal-programm c tiegħek.

1451
01:04:11,410 --> 01:04:13,010
Yeah, li tkun l-aktar
post raġonevoli għal dan.

1452
01:04:13,010 --> 01:04:13,509
Lura hemm.

1453
01:04:13,509 --> 01:04:15,704
UDJENZA: L-istess kwistjoni, hekk qabel prinċipali?

1454
01:04:15,704 --> 01:04:18,870
SPEAKER 1: Dritt, inti jeħtieġ li dan ikun
x'imkien li kulħadd jista 'jkollhom aċċess għaliha.

1455
01:04:18,870 --> 01:04:20,612
Allura qabel prinċipali fil-każ tiegħek, yeah.

1456
01:04:20,612 --> 01:04:23,820
UDJENZA: Hemm differenza bejn
tqegħid student fuq quċċata u fuq qiegħ?

1457
01:04:23,820 --> 01:04:25,810
SPEAKER 1: Ah, hemm
differenza bejn it-tqegħid student

1458
01:04:25,810 --> 01:04:26,840
fuq quċċata jew fuq qiegħ?

1459
01:04:26,840 --> 01:04:29,650
Let-- jiffrankaw din id-domanda, u
meta nikbru għal listi marbuta,

1460
01:04:29,650 --> 01:04:31,020
Ser naraw li, OK?

1461
01:04:31,020 --> 01:04:32,750
Allura iżomm il-li għat-tieni waħda.

1462
01:04:32,750 --> 01:04:37,080
L-aħħar ħaġa li nixtieq insemmi hawn,
huwa minflok li jkollha struttura,

1463
01:04:37,080 --> 01:04:41,180
għandna pointer għal struttura,
nistgħu nbiddlu notazzjoni tagħna

1464
01:04:41,180 --> 01:04:42,480
li jkun nicer ftit.

1465
01:04:42,480 --> 01:04:45,810
>> Nistgħu ngħidu, ejja ngħidu aħna għandna
pointer lil student aktar milli biss

1466
01:04:45,810 --> 01:04:47,040
student.

1467
01:04:47,040 --> 01:04:52,460
Jekk irridu aċċess għal qasam, minflok
tagħmel, sew jmorru dereference l pointer,

1468
01:04:52,460 --> 01:04:54,100
u mbagħad ikollhom aċċess l-isem qasam.

1469
01:04:54,100 --> 01:04:57,310
Dan notazzjoni jistenna ftit
messy ma 'l-istilla f'dan dot.

1470
01:04:57,310 --> 01:05:00,790
Totalment korretta, iżda xorta
ta 'mod aktar nodfa biex tagħmel dan,

1471
01:05:00,790 --> 01:05:03,280
huwa biss jgħidu isem vleġġa pointer.

1472
01:05:03,280 --> 01:05:11,460
U li attwalment tgħaqqad dereferencing
u aċċess fil simbolu sbieħ wieħed.

1473
01:05:11,460 --> 01:05:12,470
Mistoqsijiet dwar li?

1474
01:05:12,470 --> 01:05:13,760
>> UDJENZA: Just jgħidu li waħda aktar ħin.

1475
01:05:13,760 --> 01:05:14,480
>> SPEAKER 1: Jgħidu li waħda aktar ħin.

1476
01:05:14,480 --> 01:05:16,021
>> UDJENZA: Eżattament dak li inti biss qal.

1477
01:05:16,021 --> 01:05:17,870
SPEAKER 1: Sure, eżattament
dak I biss qal.

1478
01:05:17,870 --> 01:05:21,580
Jekk għandna pointer lil student
aktar milli l-istudent innifsu,

1479
01:05:21,580 --> 01:05:25,410
aħna can-- mod wieħed li nistgħu aċċess għall-
il-qasam huwa li dereference, u mbagħad

1480
01:05:25,410 --> 01:05:27,110
isem aċċess.

1481
01:05:27,110 --> 01:05:29,040
, Mod ieħor nicer aħna
tista 'tagħmel dan, li huwa biss

1482
01:05:29,040 --> 01:05:33,550
xi ftit ta 'zokkor sintattika,
huwa biss li tagħmel isem vleġġa pointer.

1483
01:05:33,550 --> 01:05:38,190
U li se jgħaqqdu l-
dereferencing u l-aċċess.

1484
01:05:38,190 --> 01:05:40,400
Yeah, pretty jibred.

1485
01:05:40,400 --> 01:05:41,260
Kull dritt.

1486
01:05:41,260 --> 01:05:44,390
>> Mela ejja nitkellmu dwar il-kwistjoni oħra.

1487
01:05:44,390 --> 01:05:46,520
Ejja jaqbżu fin-nodi,
li aħna qed tmur biex tuża

1488
01:05:46,520 --> 01:05:49,120
fil-listi marbuta fi ftit tieni.

1489
01:05:49,120 --> 01:05:53,580
Allura hawnhekk, inti ser ikollok avviż li hemm
hija l-node kelma kemm fuq il-qiegħ,

1490
01:05:53,580 --> 01:05:55,160
u fuq il-quċċata.

1491
01:05:55,160 --> 01:05:59,040
Qabel, meta konna tiddefinixxi student,
aħna biss kellhom student fuq il-qiegħ.

1492
01:05:59,040 --> 01:06:00,470
Aħna ma jkollhom student fuq il-quċċata.

1493
01:06:00,470 --> 01:06:01,902
Xi ħadd jaf għaliex dan jista 'jkun?

1494
01:06:01,902 --> 01:06:02,860
X'inhi d-differenza?

1495
01:06:02,860 --> 01:06:03,360
Yeah.

1496
01:06:03,360 --> 01:06:06,212
UDJENZA: Allura inti tuża node
hija d-definizzjoni ta 'node,

1497
01:06:06,212 --> 01:06:08,254
għalhekk hija ħaġa jirrikorri?

1498
01:06:08,254 --> 01:06:08,920
SPEAKER 1: Tajba.

1499
01:06:08,920 --> 01:06:13,230
Yeah, għandna bżonn lymph tagħna biex
jkollhom pointer fin-nodi oħra.

1500
01:06:13,230 --> 01:06:17,640
Allura peress nużaw dan it-tip
qabel ma jkun fil-fatt definit,

1501
01:06:17,640 --> 01:06:20,613
għandna bżonn li tqiegħed lilha fil-quċċata
biss u għalhekk jaf dak li hu.

1502
01:06:20,613 --> 01:06:22,446
UDJENZA: Allura aħna xorta
bżonnu fil-qiegħ?

1503
01:06:22,446 --> 01:06:23,338
SPEAKER 1: Iva.

1504
01:06:23,338 --> 01:06:24,754
UDJENZA: Allura dejjem fil-qiegħ.

1505
01:06:24,754 --> 01:06:26,090
SPEAKER 1: Dejjem fil-qiegħ.

1506
01:06:26,090 --> 01:06:29,410
Allura kollha tal tiegħek se
jara li tkun fil-qiegħ.

1507
01:06:29,410 --> 01:06:30,720
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra?

1508
01:06:30,720 --> 01:06:33,511
Kull dritt, hekk tikri attwalment jitkellmu
dwar listi marbuta verament malajr.

1509
01:06:33,511 --> 01:06:36,510
Allura listi marbuta are-- aħna jużawhom
minflok arrays f'xi każijiet,

1510
01:06:36,510 --> 01:06:40,030
għaliex aħna nafu li arrays huma
tul fiss, filwaqt listi marbuta

1511
01:06:40,030 --> 01:06:42,670
nistgħu jikbru u tiċkien kif irridu.

1512
01:06:42,670 --> 01:06:45,790
Allura dan huwa eżempju ta 'dak li
lista marbuta jista 'dehra.

1513
01:06:45,790 --> 01:06:48,590
Dak li għandna bżonn biex tara hija
il-kap tal-lista.

1514
01:06:48,590 --> 01:06:50,330
Għalhekk, fejn il-lista tibda.

1515
01:06:50,330 --> 01:06:53,010
U imbagħad huwa node, kull
node sussegwenti, huwa

1516
01:06:53,010 --> 01:06:55,880
responsabbli għall jafu
fejn il-node li jmiss huwa.

1517
01:06:55,880 --> 01:07:00,950
Allura f'dan il-każ, il-node li taħżen 1
huwa responsabbli għall jafu fejn 3 hu.

1518
01:07:00,950 --> 01:07:04,540
Il-persuna li taħżen 3 huwa
responsabbli għall jafu fejn 9 hu.

1519
01:07:04,540 --> 01:07:06,230
U 9 ​​m'għandha l-ebda wieħed inkella għall-punt li.

1520
01:07:06,230 --> 01:07:08,750
Hu l-aħħar tal-lista,
għalhekk hija biss jgħid null.

1521
01:07:08,750 --> 01:07:09,250
KOLLOX SEW?

1522
01:07:09,250 --> 01:07:10,530
>> UDJENZA: X'hemm il-punt ta 'dan?

1523
01:07:10,530 --> 01:07:11,480
>> SPEAKER 1: X'inhu l-punt ta 'dan?

1524
01:07:11,480 --> 01:07:12,105
>> UDJENZA: Yeah.

1525
01:07:12,105 --> 01:07:15,390
SPEAKER 1: Minħabba, ejja
ngħidu li għandna xi data.

1526
01:07:15,390 --> 01:07:18,480
U ma nafux eżattament kif
data kemm irridu qabel iż-żmien.

1527
01:07:18,480 --> 01:07:22,479
Allura ma 'firxa, ejja ngħidu fejn aħna
tixtieq li jgħoddu nies fl-ewwel filliera.

1528
01:07:22,479 --> 01:07:24,020
Ċansijiet huma huwa mhux se jibdlu.

1529
01:07:24,020 --> 01:07:28,120
Nistgħu biss jgħidu, OK, I
jridu firxa ta 'daqs sitt.

1530
01:07:28,120 --> 01:07:30,120
Imma jekk irridu nagħmlu xi ħaġa
li għaddej għall-bidla.

1531
01:07:30,120 --> 01:07:32,900
>> Per eżempju, ejja ngħidu I kien qed jipprova
biex iżommu kont ta 'l-istudenti

1532
01:07:32,900 --> 01:07:35,330
kif dawn jidħlu fil-kamra
għas-sessjoni reviżjoni.

1533
01:07:35,330 --> 01:07:38,420
Għandi l-ebda idea kif ħafna minnkom
in-nies ser juru up.

1534
01:07:38,420 --> 01:07:43,094
So I tista 'tixtieq struttura data
li I jistgħu jespandu u tiċkien.

1535
01:07:43,094 --> 01:07:45,510
Minħabba forsi xi ħadd se
leave, forsi xi ħadd se jidħlu.

1536
01:07:45,510 --> 01:07:48,386
U hekk fi kwalunkwe ħin, aħna
tista 'żżid jew tneħħi lymph.

1537
01:07:48,386 --> 01:07:49,771
Kessaħ, kwistjoni kbira.

1538
01:07:49,771 --> 01:07:50,270
Yeah.

1539
01:07:50,270 --> 01:07:52,311
>> UDJENZA: Jekk inti tista 'tuża
xi ħaġa bħal GetString

1540
01:07:52,311 --> 01:07:55,750
li żżomm kiri inti tikseb aktar informazzjoni dwar
għandek bżonn, għaliex għandek bżonn dan ukoll?

1541
01:07:55,750 --> 01:07:57,625
>> SPEAKER 1: Għaliex kieku
Tuża marbuta lista meta

1542
01:07:57,625 --> 01:07:59,440
inti tista 'tuża xi ħaġa simili GetString?

1543
01:07:59,440 --> 01:08:01,640
Li l-mistoqsija tajba.

1544
01:08:01,640 --> 01:08:04,240
Ftakar li Get-- wieħed mill
l downfalls ta GetString

1545
01:08:04,240 --> 01:08:06,750
hija li aħna ma tagħmel ħafna
xogħol tajjeb ta 'ħelsien li l-memorja,

1546
01:08:06,750 --> 01:08:09,320
u aħna introdotti mazz ta
memorja tnixxijiet fil-programm tiegħek?

1547
01:08:09,320 --> 01:08:15,037
Inti tista 'teħodha statikament
firxa ta 'daqs u jibqgħu jikbru dan.

1548
01:08:15,037 --> 01:08:16,870
Imma youd għandek issib
postijiet ġodda fil-memorja.

1549
01:08:16,870 --> 01:08:18,359
Ikun biss jkun hemm ħafna overhead.

1550
01:08:18,359 --> 01:08:21,050
>> Waħda mill-affarijiet sbieħ dwar marbut
listi għall-kuntrarju arrays, huwa arrays

1551
01:08:21,050 --> 01:08:22,830
huma kollha fl-istess post fil-memorja.

1552
01:08:22,830 --> 01:08:25,540
Għandu jkun kontinwu
biċċiet ta 'memorja.

1553
01:08:25,540 --> 01:08:29,920
Billi listi marbuta, 2 u 3 jistgħu
tkun totalment f'postijiet differenti.

1554
01:08:29,920 --> 01:08:31,880
Bħal 2 jintemm hawn, u 3 huwa fuq hawn.

1555
01:08:31,880 --> 01:08:34,421
U sakemm dawn ikollhom
pointer għal xulxin, huwa multa.

1556
01:08:34,421 --> 01:08:35,830
Aħna nafu tista 'issibhom.

1557
01:08:35,830 --> 01:08:37,084
Mistoqsija hemmhekk?

1558
01:08:37,084 --> 01:08:40,563
>> UDJENZA: GetString huwa funzjoni
fil-librerija CS50, right?

1559
01:08:40,563 --> 01:08:42,060
Dan ma jeżistix fil-programmi reali.

1560
01:08:42,060 --> 01:08:42,851
>> SPEAKER 1: Correct.

1561
01:08:42,851 --> 01:08:44,130
Dritt, dak l-ħaġa oħra.

1562
01:08:44,130 --> 01:08:47,210
GetString ma teżistix
barra mill-kuntest ta 'CS50.

1563
01:08:47,210 --> 01:08:47,710
Yeah.

1564
01:08:47,710 --> 01:08:54,556
>> UDJENZA: Allura ma l-fatt li
tnejn jistgħu jkunu verament bogħod,

1565
01:08:54,556 --> 01:08:59,859
ma li impatt l-effiċjenza ta '
aċċess għall-elementi fuq il-lista?

1566
01:08:59,859 --> 01:09:01,359
SPEAKER 1: Din hija kwistjoni kbira.

1567
01:09:01,359 --> 01:09:04,278
Il-kwistjoni kienet, ma 'l-impatt
l-effiċjenza ta 'aċċess

1568
01:09:04,278 --> 01:09:05,819
dawn l-elementi differenti fil-lista.

1569
01:09:05,819 --> 01:09:06,930
Attwalment, iva.

1570
01:09:06,930 --> 01:09:09,569
Għaliex aħna nafu if-- ejja
ngħidu aħna jridu aċċess għas

1571
01:09:09,569 --> 01:09:14,520
it-tieni element tal-firxa, nafu
nistgħu biss tagħmel firxa bracket 1, dritt.

1572
01:09:14,520 --> 01:09:16,630
Huwa dejjem se
jkun l-istess post.

1573
01:09:16,630 --> 01:09:20,720
Iżda jekk irridu jiksbu għal dak 3,
ma nistgħux biss jgħidu, mur jiksbu dak 3.

1574
01:09:20,720 --> 01:09:24,009
Irridu ngħidu, OK, tibda fil
il-bidu tal-lista,

1575
01:09:24,009 --> 01:09:26,050
u issa għandna attwalment ikollhom
jimxu permezz sakemm aħna

1576
01:09:26,050 --> 01:09:28,149
issib in-numru aħna qed interessati fil.

1577
01:09:28,149 --> 01:09:30,790
>> Allura f'dan il-każ nistgħu ngħidu, OK
dan huwa l-ewwel numru.

1578
01:09:30,790 --> 01:09:32,207
Allura essenzjalment, li l-indiċi 0.

1579
01:09:32,207 --> 01:09:33,790
Issa rridu nsibu t-tieni numru.

1580
01:09:33,790 --> 01:09:34,740
C'est indiċi 1.

1581
01:09:34,740 --> 01:09:39,180
Allura li attwalment għaddej to-- biss
aċċess, se jieħu N ħin.

1582
01:09:39,180 --> 01:09:42,027
Kessaħ, N. qodma big Yeah.

1583
01:09:42,027 --> 01:09:43,903
>> UDJENZA: Liema huma kull waħda mil-listi?

1584
01:09:43,903 --> 01:09:45,401
Dawn huma kull arrays, jew liema?

1585
01:09:45,401 --> 01:09:46,859
SPEAKER 1: Li l-kwistjoni kbira.

1586
01:09:46,859 --> 01:09:48,950
X'inhuma kull wieħed mill-
strutturi li stajt magħmula?

1587
01:09:48,950 --> 01:09:51,649
Huma lymph.

1588
01:09:51,649 --> 01:09:53,720
Allura kull wieħed minn dawn ftit
istruttura għandha żewġ partijiet.

1589
01:09:53,720 --> 01:09:55,264
Hija għandha numru sħiħ li jkollha.

1590
01:09:55,264 --> 01:09:57,180
Dik hija l-data attwali
li huwa azjenda fuq.

1591
01:09:57,180 --> 01:09:58,770
Dik hija l-tip ta 'parti utli.

1592
01:09:58,770 --> 01:10:00,820
U, dan huwa dak li
jagħmilha lista marbuta,

1593
01:10:00,820 --> 01:10:03,690
hija għandha pointer għall-node li jmiss.

1594
01:10:03,690 --> 01:10:05,260
Kwistjoni tal-biża.

1595
01:10:05,260 --> 01:10:11,320
Kull dritt, hekk ejja nħarsu ħafna
malajr tħares lejn xi eżempji ta 'dak

1596
01:10:11,320 --> 01:10:12,820
nistgħu nagħmlu ma 'listi marbuta.

1597
01:10:12,820 --> 01:10:16,920
>> Allura eżempju wieħed malajr ħafna hija,
jissoponi li rridu nagħmlu tfittxija.

1598
01:10:16,920 --> 01:10:20,240
Liema tip ta 'tfittxija ma tistax
nagħmlu fuq il-listi marbuta?

1599
01:10:20,240 --> 01:10:21,150
>> UDJENZA: Binarju.

1600
01:10:21,150 --> 01:10:21,900
>> SPEAKER 1: Binarju.

1601
01:10:21,900 --> 01:10:23,408
Għaliex ma nistgħu nużaw tfittxija binarja?

1602
01:10:23,408 --> 01:10:25,181
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible].

1603
01:10:25,181 --> 01:10:28,180
SPEAKER 1: Dritt, minħabba li bl binarja
tfittxija, kellna biex jinvoka l-fatt

1604
01:10:28,180 --> 01:10:31,300
li nistgħu biss jaqbżu
fil-firxa fi kwalunkwe punt.

1605
01:10:31,300 --> 01:10:33,420
Nistgħu biss jgħidu, mur
għall-element tan-nofs.

1606
01:10:33,420 --> 01:10:35,550
Bil hawn, kif għidna
ftit qabel,

1607
01:10:35,550 --> 01:10:37,270
ma nistgħux biss jaqbżu
l-element nofs.

1608
01:10:37,270 --> 01:10:38,978
Sabiex issib xi
element, aħna fil-fatt

1609
01:10:38,978 --> 01:10:40,780
jkollhom jimxu permezz-lista sħiħa tagħna.

1610
01:10:40,780 --> 01:10:43,910
>> Mela jekk ridna li tagħmel tfittxija, l
aħjar li nistgħu nagħmlu huwa biss tfittxija lineari.

1611
01:10:43,910 --> 01:10:45,910
Nibdew fil-kap, aħna
check-- ejja ngħidu aħna qed

1612
01:10:45,910 --> 01:10:47,790
tfittex 9-- nibdew fir-ras.

1613
01:10:47,790 --> 01:10:49,200
Aħna ngħidu, huwa dan 9?

1614
01:10:49,200 --> 01:10:49,710
No

1615
01:10:49,710 --> 01:10:50,430
Huwa dan 9?

1616
01:10:50,430 --> 01:10:50,930
No

1617
01:10:50,930 --> 01:10:51,620
Huwa dan 9?

1618
01:10:51,620 --> 01:10:53,730
Iva, sibna dan.

1619
01:10:53,730 --> 01:10:56,350
OK, dan huwa dak kollu.

1620
01:10:56,350 --> 01:10:57,940
Hawn xi ftit ta 'psewdo-kodiċi.

1621
01:10:57,940 --> 01:11:01,420
Jien ser jitilqu dan għalik
guys lenbija fuq fuq tiegħek,

1622
01:11:01,420 --> 01:11:04,370
biss għaliex aħna qed taħdem
ftit qasir fil-ħin.

1623
01:11:04,370 --> 01:11:05,610
>> Tikri jitkellmu dwar inserzjoni.

1624
01:11:05,610 --> 01:11:08,644
Rajna demo verament jibred ta '
dan fil lecture fejn għidna,

1625
01:11:08,644 --> 01:11:11,560
OK, aħna għandna din il-lista marbuta fejn
kulħadd li tipponta lejn xulxin,

1626
01:11:11,560 --> 01:11:13,400
u xi ħadd jitla fuq il-palk.

1627
01:11:13,400 --> 01:11:17,050
Kif nistgħu daħħal dik
persuna fil-lista marbuta tagħna?

1628
01:11:17,050 --> 01:11:20,150
Well, mod żbaljat biex tagħmel, li
huwa Naħseb li dak li rajna l-ewwel,

1629
01:11:20,150 --> 01:11:22,740
huwa meta l-persuna
quddiem awtomatikament

1630
01:11:22,740 --> 01:11:25,270
indikat il-persuna l-ġdida.

1631
01:11:25,270 --> 01:11:29,057
U allura aħna tip ta 'abbandunaw il-
tieni nofs tal-lista, id-dritt?

1632
01:11:29,057 --> 01:11:31,390
Għaliex aħna ma jafux fejn
huwa fil-memorja aktar.

1633
01:11:31,390 --> 01:11:34,750
Allura biex ikunu attenti ħafna dwar il-
ordni li fiha aħna daħħal affarijiet.

1634
01:11:34,750 --> 01:11:37,860
>> So here, ejja ngħidu li rridu
jitqiegħdu 1 fuq quddiem tal-lista tagħna.

1635
01:11:37,860 --> 01:11:42,190
L-ewwel, għandna 1 punt waqt is-
tieni element-- jew l-element

1636
01:11:42,190 --> 01:11:44,170
li fiha 1.

1637
01:11:44,170 --> 01:11:47,210
Allura, aħna tagħmel dan, biss hekk aħna mhux qed
ser jitilfu l-tieni nofs.

1638
01:11:47,210 --> 01:11:51,020
U issa, li jista 'jkollna punt ras għal 1.

1639
01:11:51,020 --> 01:11:52,930
Għalhekk għal darb'oħra, dan huwa biss
bħal livell super għoli.

1640
01:11:52,930 --> 01:11:55,290
Dan huwa kif aħna tara li tintroduċi node.

1641
01:11:55,290 --> 01:11:57,337
Għandna ħafna ta '
psewdo-kodiċi here-- sorry,

1642
01:11:57,337 --> 01:11:59,170
I do not know għaliex jien
hija ssejjaħ psewdo-kodiċi.

1643
01:11:59,170 --> 01:12:00,350
Huwa kodiċi attwali.

1644
01:12:00,350 --> 01:12:02,570
Inti tista 'tmur check out aktar tard.

1645
01:12:02,570 --> 01:12:04,870
>> Kull dritt, ejja ħafna
quickly-- xi mistoqsijiet aktar

1646
01:12:04,870 --> 01:12:07,120
fuq il-listi marbuta qabel I
jimxu fuq koppja data oħra

1647
01:12:07,120 --> 01:12:08,450
strutturi aħħar 10 tagħna minuti.

1648
01:12:08,450 --> 01:12:10,340
>> UDJENZA: Għandna bżonn li issa
kif jiktbu fuq test?

1649
01:12:10,340 --> 01:12:11,040
>> SPEAKER 1: Għandna bżonn tkun taf kif to--

1650
01:12:11,040 --> 01:12:12,030
>> UDJENZA: Ikteb fuq test.

1651
01:12:12,030 --> 01:12:14,071
>> SPEAKER 1: We do bżonn to--
inti għandek tkun ippreparata

1652
01:12:14,071 --> 01:12:18,870
jiktbu, daħħal, neħħi, u
tfittxija għal listi marbuta fuq it-test.

1653
01:12:18,870 --> 01:12:21,480
Din hija xi ħaġa li aħna
setgħu jistennew li inti tagħmel.

1654
01:12:21,480 --> 01:12:22,750
Just go fuqha.

1655
01:12:22,750 --> 01:12:26,460
Jekk għandek xi mistoqsijiet dwar l-
kodiċi, rimja TF tiegħek email,

1656
01:12:26,460 --> 01:12:27,750
jaslu għal ħinijiet tal-uffiċċju.

1657
01:12:27,750 --> 01:12:30,041
Hemm għadu ħafna ħin
għall-istudju, ma tinkwetax.

1658
01:12:30,041 --> 01:12:32,290
Dritt kollox, xi l-oħra
mistoqsijiet dwar listi marbuta?

1659
01:12:32,290 --> 01:12:32,986
Iva.

1660
01:12:32,986 --> 01:12:37,360
>> UDJENZA: Mela jekk inti ma jużawx l-
pointer biex tmur fil-wieħed fuq il-lemin

1661
01:12:37,360 --> 01:12:41,308
qabel ma tuża l-pointer għall
il-wieħed fuq ix-xellug, li

1662
01:12:41,308 --> 01:12:43,211
l-ekwivalenti ta 'tħassir
kollox, id-dritt?

1663
01:12:43,211 --> 01:12:43,877
SPEAKER 1: Yeah.

1664
01:12:43,877 --> 01:12:44,820
UDJENZA: [inaudible].

1665
01:12:44,820 --> 01:12:47,570
SPEAKER 1: Dritt, peress li aħna ma tistax
ġġibu, huwa attwalment saħansitra agħar.

1666
01:12:47,570 --> 01:12:50,690
Minħabba li mhux biss għandna jafux
fejn hi, nistgħu m'għadhomx jużawh,

1667
01:12:50,690 --> 01:12:53,580
iżda we've-- aħna mhux qed
ħelsien li l-memorja aktar.

1668
01:12:53,580 --> 01:12:58,570
Allura huwa biss mdendlin madwar u mhux
jkun utli għaliex aħna ma tistax issibu.

1669
01:12:58,570 --> 01:12:59,580
Yeah, kwistjoni jibred.

1670
01:12:59,580 --> 01:13:01,280
>> Kull dritt, ejja nitkellmu dwar stacks.

1671
01:13:01,280 --> 01:13:03,230
Rajna stacks malajr ħafna.

1672
01:13:03,230 --> 01:13:06,280
Huma l-ewwel huma l-aħħar
strutturi tad-dejta barra.

1673
01:13:06,280 --> 01:13:10,664
Allura aħna naħsbu mill-stacks fil Annenberg
ta 'dixxijiet fejn aħna munzell l-affarijiet fuq nett.

1674
01:13:10,664 --> 01:13:12,580
U jekk int ser
come nikseb trej, int

1675
01:13:12,580 --> 01:13:15,870
dejjem se tieħu dik fuq il-
nett, li hi l-aktar recently--

1676
01:13:15,870 --> 01:13:18,840
li huwa l-ħaġa li aħna aktar
reċentement poġġiet fuq nett tal-munzell.

1677
01:13:18,840 --> 01:13:22,680
Allura inti tista 'tip ta think ta' dan it-tip ta '
viżwali meta inti qed jaħsbu ta 'stacks.

1678
01:13:22,680 --> 01:13:26,010
U mbagħad, konna popped xi ħaġa
off-quċċata tal-munzell.

1679
01:13:26,010 --> 01:13:29,850
>> Jekk aħna are-- oh, u l-kliem li aħna
użu meta aħna qed jitkellem dwar din id-data

1680
01:13:29,850 --> 01:13:32,680
istrutturi huwa normalment, jekk aħna
jitqiegħdu xi ħaġa fuq il-munzell,

1681
01:13:32,680 --> 01:13:34,550
ngħidu aħna qed timbuttah fuq il-munzell.

1682
01:13:34,550 --> 01:13:38,450
U jekk nieħdu xi ħaġa off-munzell,
ngħidu aħna qed popping off-munzell.

1683
01:13:38,450 --> 01:13:41,470
Jekk inti qed tmur biex jimplimentaw
a stack-- li I definitely

1684
01:13:41,470 --> 01:13:44,840
nirrikkmandawlek tipprova out-- int
tmur jridu jżommu rekord ta ',

1685
01:13:44,840 --> 01:13:46,669
ejja ngħidu li inti qed tuża firxa.

1686
01:13:46,669 --> 01:13:48,960
Naf fl lecture tkellimna
dwar l-użu kemm il-arrays

1687
01:13:48,960 --> 01:13:51,120
jew listi marbuta ma timplimenta munzell.

1688
01:13:51,120 --> 01:13:53,490
Jekk inti qed tuża
firxa, inti għandek bżonn biex keep--

1689
01:13:53,490 --> 01:13:56,750
skuża għandna me-- bżonn li jżommu rekord
tad-daqs u l-kapaċità.

1690
01:13:56,750 --> 01:14:00,820
Allura l-għadd massimu
li munzell tagħna tista 'żżomm.

1691
01:14:00,820 --> 01:14:03,240
Mistoqsijiet dwar stacks?

1692
01:14:03,240 --> 01:14:05,657
>> UDJENZA: X'hemm differenza
bejn id-daqs u l-kapaċità?

1693
01:14:05,657 --> 01:14:08,573
SPEAKER 1: Id-differenza bejn
daqs u l-kapaċità, tal-biża kwistjoni.

1694
01:14:08,573 --> 01:14:10,330
Mela ejja ngħidu aħna qed
użu ta 'firxa, u aħna

1695
01:14:10,330 --> 01:14:13,340
jalloka biżżejjed spazju għal 10 interi.

1696
01:14:13,340 --> 01:14:15,050
U aħna jibdew jimlew dak up.

1697
01:14:15,050 --> 01:14:17,330
U aħna timbotta affarijiet fuq,
u aħna pop affarijiet off.

1698
01:14:17,330 --> 01:14:21,060
Aħna rridu li jżommu rekord ta 'l-massimu
Numru nistgħu żżomm, li l-kapaċità.

1699
01:14:21,060 --> 01:14:24,790
U aħna rridu li jżommu rekord ta 'l-
Numru attwali li għandna, li l-daqs.

1700
01:14:24,790 --> 01:14:26,530
Tajba kwistjoni.

1701
01:14:26,530 --> 01:14:28,720
Xi ħaġa oħra fuq stacks?

1702
01:14:28,720 --> 01:14:31,260
Kull dritt, ejja nitkellmu
dwar sorpriża, kjuwijiet.

1703
01:14:31,260 --> 01:14:37,034
>> B'differenza stacks, li huma l-ewwel fl-aħħar
out, dawn huma l-ewwel fl-ewwel li joħroġ.

1704
01:14:37,034 --> 01:14:38,450
Allura dan huwa like-- think ta 'linja.

1705
01:14:38,450 --> 01:14:41,530
Think ta 'lining up fil-Apple
Maħżen biex tikseb xi prodott.

1706
01:14:41,530 --> 01:14:44,540
U l-ewwel persuna fil-linja għandhom
tkun l-ewwel persuna li għen.

1707
01:14:44,540 --> 01:14:48,270
Allura l-ewwel ħaġa li l-imbuttat huwa
dan l-ewwel ħaġa li l-popped.

1708
01:14:48,270 --> 01:14:49,460
Kessaħ?

1709
01:14:49,460 --> 01:14:52,890
Ħafna similarly-- oh, il-kliem li
nużaw minflok push and pop--

1710
01:14:52,890 --> 01:14:55,060
li I biss użati,
Jien sorry-- huwa ngħidu,

1711
01:14:55,060 --> 01:14:58,170
jekk aħna qed tqegħid xi ħaġa fis
l-kju, ngħidu enqueued dan.

1712
01:14:58,170 --> 01:15:00,795
Jekk aħna qed tieħu xi ħaġa minn
l-kju, ngħidu aħna dequeued.

1713
01:15:00,795 --> 01:15:01,950
Hu.

1714
01:15:01,950 --> 01:15:05,454
I jistgħu jħabbru dawk
ħażin, iżda ikollok l-idea.

1715
01:15:05,454 --> 01:15:08,370
U mbagħad, bħad stacks,
jekk aħna qed timplimenta dan bħala firxa,

1716
01:15:08,370 --> 01:15:12,350
għandna bżonn li jżommu rekord tal-
daqs, il-kapaċità, u l-kap.

1717
01:15:12,350 --> 01:15:13,570
What do I jfisser minn ras?

1718
01:15:13,570 --> 01:15:15,278
Għaliex għandna bżonn li jżommu
track tar-ras?

1719
01:15:15,278 --> 01:15:18,549

1720
01:15:18,549 --> 01:15:21,685
>> UDJENZA: Minħabba li huwa fejn
il-bidu tal-lista tiegħek.

1721
01:15:21,685 --> 01:15:24,810
SPEAKER 1: Yeah, bażikament ir-ras hija
fejn il-bidu ta 'kju tagħna huwa.

1722
01:15:24,810 --> 01:15:29,460
Għaliex nafu, b'differenza stacks, which--
Jien ser tipprova jiffaċċjaw din way--

1723
01:15:29,460 --> 01:15:33,570
nafu li huwa dejjem se
tiċkien dan il-mod u jikbru b'dan il-mod.

1724
01:15:33,570 --> 01:15:37,840
Kjuwijiet, in-nies jidħlu fis-aħħar
u jħallu mill-bidu,

1725
01:15:37,840 --> 01:15:40,620
hekk aħna biex iżżomm kont
ta 'fejn il-bidu hu.

1726
01:15:40,620 --> 01:15:43,540
Dan huwa dak I jfisser minn għandna bżonn
iżżomm kont ta 'fejn ir-ras hija.

1727
01:15:43,540 --> 01:15:45,190
Kessaħ?

1728
01:15:45,190 --> 01:15:46,440
Kull dritt.

1729
01:15:46,440 --> 01:15:49,250
Tmien minuti, koppja
aktar suġġetti, nistgħu nagħmlu dan.

1730
01:15:49,250 --> 01:15:51,240
>> Dritt kollha, tabella hash.

1731
01:15:51,240 --> 01:15:53,095
Aħna tkellimna ħafna fil-qosor
dwar it-tabelli hash.

1732
01:15:53,095 --> 01:15:55,720
Għall-kwizz, inti biss jeħtieġ li
jifhimhom fuq livell għoli.

1733
01:15:55,720 --> 01:15:58,330
L-idea bażika hi ikollok din id-data.

1734
01:15:58,330 --> 01:16:02,570
U rridu li jkollhom aċċess għaliha fil-ħin li l-
aktar mgħaġġla minn xi ħaġa bħal marbut

1735
01:16:02,570 --> 01:16:03,070
lista.

1736
01:16:03,070 --> 01:16:05,290
Għaliex aħna qal, jekk konna
tiftix permezz ta 'lista marbuta,

1737
01:16:05,290 --> 01:16:06,248
li jista 'jieħu N ħin.

1738
01:16:06,248 --> 01:16:08,810
Anke aċċess jista 'jieħu
N time f'lista marbuta.

1739
01:16:08,810 --> 01:16:12,930
Tabelli hash tagħtina mod li nistgħu
aktar malajr aċċess affarijiet, u aktar

1740
01:16:12,930 --> 01:16:16,970
malajr tfittxija għal affarijiet, mingħajr
li it-trażżin ta 'firxa

1741
01:16:16,970 --> 01:16:19,030
fejn għandna fiss daqs.

1742
01:16:19,030 --> 01:16:23,950
>> Allura aħna naħsbu ta 'struttura data meta,
fejn aħna poġġih fl-istruttura tad-data

1743
01:16:23,950 --> 01:16:26,620
huwa dipendenti fuq dan
funzjoni hash maġika.

1744
01:16:26,620 --> 01:16:30,630
Allura f'dan il-każ, il-hash maġika
funzjoni huwa biss tieħu kelma,

1745
01:16:30,630 --> 01:16:34,027
iċċekkjar dak l-ewwel ittra hija, u
allura biss issortjar dan alfabetikament.

1746
01:16:34,027 --> 01:16:36,110
Allura aħna essenzjalment jqiegħdhom
fis bramel differenti.

1747
01:16:36,110 --> 01:16:39,510
Meta naraw banana, nistgħu ngħidu,
OK, ejja tpoġġi fil-barmil B.

1748
01:16:39,510 --> 01:16:41,820
Meta naraw Apple, ejja
poġġih fil-barmil A.

1749
01:16:41,820 --> 01:16:44,744
Jekk rajna berquq, ejja
jitqiegħdu fil-barmil A.

1750
01:16:44,744 --> 01:16:45,600
KOLLOX SEW?

1751
01:16:45,600 --> 01:16:51,090
>> So I jissoponi kienu qed ifittxu for-- I
do not know, x'hemm frott ieħor?

1752
01:16:51,090 --> 01:16:52,920
Ejja ngħidu I kien qed ifittex oranġjo.

1753
01:16:52,920 --> 01:16:55,340
Fejn għandi tfittex?

1754
01:16:55,340 --> 01:16:56,420
Fil-barmil O.

1755
01:16:56,420 --> 01:17:01,450
Yeah, hemm post wieħed biss
li oranġjo jista 'jkun, OK?

1756
01:17:01,450 --> 01:17:05,370
So I qal qabel dak li jiġri
if-- ukoll għidt qabel,

1757
01:17:05,370 --> 01:17:10,030
ejja ngħidu li nitfgħu in-- berquq imma I
verament indirizzat il-fatt li, oh no,

1758
01:17:10,030 --> 01:17:14,990
jekk I kellhom iressqu berry fi, huwa
ser f'kunflitt ma 'banana.

1759
01:17:14,990 --> 01:17:20,160
Fejn aħna poġġiha jekk ikun hemm
diġà xi ħaġa fit-tabella tagħna?

1760
01:17:20,160 --> 01:17:22,760
Well, aħna għandna għażliet koppja.

1761
01:17:22,760 --> 01:17:26,160
>> Għażla numru wieħed hija lineari
probing, li bażikament ifisser,

1762
01:17:26,160 --> 01:17:28,690
ejja ngħidu I jridu jippruvaw li
jitqiegħdu berry, u nara, oh no,

1763
01:17:28,690 --> 01:17:31,170
banana diġa hemm,
I biss jgħidu OK, let

1764
01:17:31,170 --> 01:17:33,810
me tfittex l-post disponibbli li jmiss.

1765
01:17:33,810 --> 01:17:36,744
So I walk r, I say, oh,
hemm xejn fil-barmil D.

1766
01:17:36,744 --> 01:17:39,410
I can not really think ta 'xi frott
li jibdew bl-ittra D,

1767
01:17:39,410 --> 01:17:41,620
hekk jien biss se timplimenta berry fil hemmhekk.

1768
01:17:41,620 --> 01:17:42,650
Durian.

1769
01:17:42,650 --> 01:17:44,590
OK, so peress li hemm
xejn għadhom hemm,

1770
01:17:44,590 --> 01:17:47,020
I jistgħu wkoll biss użu dak il-post.

1771
01:17:47,020 --> 01:17:48,805
X'inhu l-iżvantaġġ ta 'din?

1772
01:17:48,805 --> 01:17:49,300
>> UDJENZA: Huwa out of order.

1773
01:17:49,300 --> 01:17:50,008
>> SPEAKER 1: Jiddispjacini?

1774
01:17:50,008 --> 01:17:51,280
UDJENZA: Huwa out of order.

1775
01:17:51,280 --> 01:17:53,113
>> SPEAKER 1: Huwa out--
dritt, nistgħu jispiċċaw

1776
01:17:53,113 --> 01:17:56,380
ma 'affarijiet li mhumiex in--
maħżuna fil bramel fil-mod

1777
01:17:56,380 --> 01:17:57,790
li nistennew li dawn ikunu.

1778
01:17:57,790 --> 01:18:00,670
Hekk jekk konna tiftix
għall berry, qabel għidna,

1779
01:18:00,670 --> 01:18:02,000
oh nistgħu nħarsu fil barmil wieħed.

1780
01:18:02,000 --> 01:18:03,650
Dan jista 'jkun biss barmil wieħed.

1781
01:18:03,650 --> 01:18:07,380
Imma issa, verament, jista 'jkun
fil kollha bramel, id-dritt?

1782
01:18:07,380 --> 01:18:10,400
>> OK, hawnhekk għażla oħra,
chaining-- separata

1783
01:18:10,400 --> 01:18:16,630
li hija l-idea li aħna qed tmur
li tuża ftit aktar tard fil P sett 5.

1784
01:18:16,630 --> 01:18:19,340
Pjuttost milli sempliċiment għandek
spazju wieħed f'kull barmil,

1785
01:18:19,340 --> 01:18:23,610
għaliex ma we jkollhom kull barmil
tkun pointer għal lista marbut?

1786
01:18:23,610 --> 01:18:28,570
Fejn nistgħu ngħidu, OK, hemm barmil
għal dak kollu li jibda bil A.

1787
01:18:28,570 --> 01:18:31,990
U hemm biss se tkun marbuta
lista tal-frott li tibda bil A.

1788
01:18:31,990 --> 01:18:36,240
Hekk jekk irridu jiksbu frott ġdid, ejja ngħidu
aħna get-- aħna avokado, għandna tuffieħ,

1789
01:18:36,240 --> 01:18:39,530
ejja ngħidu nikbru berquq,
kif se nitfgħu fil-lista?

1790
01:18:39,530 --> 01:18:43,330
Well aħna'd jmorru għall barmil 0, u aħna'd
biss daħħalha fil-lista gustado tagħna,

1791
01:18:43,330 --> 01:18:45,320
sempliċi bħal dik.

1792
01:18:45,320 --> 01:18:47,160
>> Issa I iżommu qal barmil.

1793
01:18:47,160 --> 01:18:49,470
Aħna jista 'jimplimenta din
f'numru ta 'modi.

1794
01:18:49,470 --> 01:18:52,040
Mod wieħed tipiċi li din
tip ta 'stampa jissuġġerixxi,

1795
01:18:52,040 --> 01:18:55,580
huwa forsi jkollhom firxa ta '
pointers għal-listi ta marbutin.

1796
01:18:55,580 --> 01:18:58,174
C'est mod wieħed nistgħu
timplimenta tabella hash.

1797
01:18:58,174 --> 01:19:01,090
UDJENZA: Ikollok bzonn ieħor
lista għaliex banana u berry huma barra

1798
01:19:01,090 --> 01:19:01,591
ta 'ordni?

1799
01:19:01,591 --> 01:19:03,298
SPEAKER 1: Would you
need-- ah, kieku inti

1800
01:19:03,298 --> 01:19:06,310
bżonn lista oħra minħabba banana
u berry huma out of order?

1801
01:19:06,310 --> 01:19:09,880
F'dan il-każ, il-funzjoni hash tagħna,
li tgħidilna fejn tpoġġi l-affarijiet

1802
01:19:09,880 --> 01:19:11,647
ma jimpurtak mill-tieni ittra.

1803
01:19:11,647 --> 01:19:14,730
Ma jimpurtahom alphabetizing,
jimpurtaha biss madwar l-ewwel ittra.

1804
01:19:14,730 --> 01:19:15,672
Mistoqsija?

1805
01:19:15,672 --> 01:19:18,947
>> UDJENZA: X'inhu l-definizzjoni ta 'dak
funzjoni, u liema ma jidher?

1806
01:19:18,947 --> 01:19:19,780
SPEAKER 1: Ah, tajba.

1807
01:19:19,780 --> 01:19:22,450
OK, hekk aħna ma bżonn li
jinkwetaw wisq għal dan il-kwizz.

1808
01:19:22,450 --> 01:19:23,700
So I ma poġġiex fid-pjastri.

1809
01:19:23,700 --> 01:19:26,320
Aħna ser jiġu introdotti
lilha għal P sett 5.

1810
01:19:26,320 --> 01:19:31,520
Imma bażikament, jgħid, mogħtija
element ġdid, fejn għandi tpoġġi dan?

1811
01:19:31,520 --> 01:19:35,450
Or, ejja ngħidu I infittex
element, fejn jista 'jkun?

1812
01:19:35,450 --> 01:19:37,860
Yeah, kwistjoni kbira.

1813
01:19:37,860 --> 01:19:40,870
>> OK, malajr ħafna, siġar u tipprova.

1814
01:19:40,870 --> 01:19:44,779
Allura siġra huwa biss xi tip
ta 'struttura data organizzata.

1815
01:19:44,779 --> 01:19:47,820
U aħna qed tmur biex tara ħafna ta 'stampi
li se jagħmel dan super ċara.

1816
01:19:47,820 --> 01:19:51,180
U trie, li rajna fil-klassi,
huwa tip speċjali ħafna ta 'siġra

1817
01:19:51,180 --> 01:19:53,440
li essenzjalment xogħlijiet bħal
tabella hash fuq bosta livelli.

1818
01:19:53,440 --> 01:19:54,390
Huwa super jibred.

1819
01:19:54,390 --> 01:19:56,030
Aħna qed tmur biex tara fi ftit taqs.

1820
01:19:56,030 --> 01:19:57,821
Kull dritt, so ejja
jitkellmu dwar siġar ewwel.

1821
01:19:57,821 --> 01:20:01,040
Allura dan huwa eżempju tipiku ta 'verament
siġra, fejn għandna xi ġerarkija.

1822
01:20:01,040 --> 01:20:03,220
Tara li wieħed huwa fil
fuq nett, id-dritt?

1823
01:20:03,220 --> 01:20:06,190
U nista 'ngħid top għaliex hemm
b'mod ċar tordna għaliex aħna

1824
01:20:06,190 --> 01:20:08,260
jkollhom dawn vleġeġ jinżel 'l isfel.

1825
01:20:08,260 --> 01:20:11,740
Sabiex, il-ħaġa fil-quċċata,
I-sejħa li l-node għerq.

1826
01:20:11,740 --> 01:20:13,080
Allura wieħed huwa l-node għerq.

1827
01:20:13,080 --> 01:20:17,330
U l-affarijiet fil-qiegħ,
li xejn ġejjin minn fuqhom,

1828
01:20:17,330 --> 01:20:18,783
I say dawn huma l-lymph weraq.

1829
01:20:18,783 --> 01:20:22,730
Allura 8,9 5, 6, 7, OK.

1830
01:20:22,730 --> 01:20:27,740
U normalment it-terminoloġija aħna
'ngħid huwa, 1 huwa ġenitur 3 ta.

1831
01:20:27,740 --> 01:20:30,740
Allura huwa l-ħaġa li taqa '
livell hawn fuq, u punti lilha.

1832
01:20:30,740 --> 01:20:32,710
U 3 huwa tifel 1 ta.

1833
01:20:32,710 --> 01:20:34,505
Hu l-ħaġa li 1 punti li.

1834
01:20:34,505 --> 01:20:35,005
Mistoqsija?

1835
01:20:35,005 --> 01:20:36,414
>> UDJENZA: Tista tmur lura għall
l-slide ta 'qabel, jekk jogħġbok?

1836
01:20:36,414 --> 01:20:37,388
>> SPEAKER 1: Nista jmorru lura
l-slide ta 'qabel?

1837
01:20:37,388 --> 01:20:37,888
Sure.

1838
01:20:37,888 --> 01:20:40,640

1839
01:20:40,640 --> 01:20:41,390
Mistoqsijiet dwar dan?

1840
01:20:41,390 --> 01:20:42,764
Jew inti biss riedu li tħares lejn din?

1841
01:20:42,764 --> 01:20:44,650
UDJENZA: I biss ma jsibux permezz tiegħu.

1842
01:20:44,650 --> 01:20:47,100
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, berred, yeah.

1843
01:20:47,100 --> 01:20:49,846
Dawn kollha se jkunu online sabiex ma
joqogħdu jinkwetaw dwar jkollna kull kelma.

1844
01:20:49,846 --> 01:20:51,720
U fl-interess tal
time, jien ser imorru.

1845
01:20:51,720 --> 01:20:53,270
Hija li OK?

1846
01:20:53,270 --> 01:20:53,790
Tal-biża.

1847
01:20:53,790 --> 01:20:55,720
OK, berred.

1848
01:20:55,720 --> 01:20:57,790
Mela ejja nitkellmu dwar
kind-- speċifiċi ħafna

1849
01:20:57,790 --> 01:20:59,710
hekk aħna jkollhom dawn ġenerali
istruttura ta 'siġar,

1850
01:20:59,710 --> 01:21:02,876
li huwa biss xi ħaġa li jippermetti
li tip ta 'affarijiet rank ġerarkiku.

1851
01:21:02,876 --> 01:21:06,000

1852
01:21:06,000 --> 01:21:11,110
>> Siġar Binarju huma affarijiet fejn kull
node għandha l-aktar żewġt itfal.

1853
01:21:11,110 --> 01:21:11,690
KOLLOX SEW?

1854
01:21:11,690 --> 01:21:14,560
And I said, OK, hekk li jidher
biex joqgħodu f'din id-deskrizzjoni.

1855
01:21:14,560 --> 01:21:16,830
I qal node, mhux siġra tfittxija binarju.

1856
01:21:16,830 --> 01:21:19,720
X'hemm siġra tfittxija binarju?

1857
01:21:19,720 --> 01:21:20,440
Huwa magħżula.

1858
01:21:20,440 --> 01:21:22,890
Allura inti taf li fil
siġra tfittxija binarju,

1859
01:21:22,890 --> 01:21:26,580
kollox għall-kollox tree--
lill-lymph xellug huwa iżgħar,

1860
01:21:26,580 --> 01:21:28,830
u kollox lill-
lymph dritt huwa akbar.

1861
01:21:28,830 --> 01:21:30,620
Għalhekk dan mhux siġra tfittxija binarju.

1862
01:21:30,620 --> 01:21:32,770
Dan huwa biss siġra binarju.

1863
01:21:32,770 --> 01:21:35,910
Allura aħna għandna kategorija kbira ta '
siġar, kategorija kemmxejn iżgħar

1864
01:21:35,910 --> 01:21:40,106
ta 'siġar binarju, tfittxija billi
siġar tat-tiftix binarju a--.

1865
01:21:40,106 --> 01:21:41,540
Kessaħ?

1866
01:21:41,540 --> 01:21:44,410
Kull dritt.

1867
01:21:44,410 --> 01:21:47,380
>> U issa, aktar divertenti ta '
kollha, għandna tipprova tagħna.

1868
01:21:47,380 --> 01:21:49,500
You guys raw din l-istampa fil lecture?

1869
01:21:49,500 --> 01:21:51,790
Yeah, għandu jħares super familjari.

1870
01:21:51,790 --> 01:21:54,252
Ejja nħarsu lejn kif nistgħu
fil-fatt jimplimentaw dan.

1871
01:21:54,252 --> 01:21:56,210
Jew fil-fatt, ejja ara,
ma li anke toħroġ?

1872
01:21:56,210 --> 01:21:56,731
Nope.

1873
01:21:56,731 --> 01:21:59,480
Kull dritt, aħna ma jkollhomx
joqogħdu jinkwetaw dwar li Jittieħed livell baxx.

1874
01:21:59,480 --> 01:22:02,320
Aħna se jkollhom ħafna ħin
biex jindirizzaw allura P stabbiliti 5.

1875
01:22:02,320 --> 01:22:05,780
Iżda għal issa, livell biss għoli ħafna, aħna
taf li dan huwa dak li jidher qisu.

1876
01:22:05,780 --> 01:22:08,530
Aħna deskritt bħala tip ta '
tabella hash fuq diversi livelli

1877
01:22:08,530 --> 01:22:12,264
where-- dan xi maħżen?

1878
01:22:12,264 --> 01:22:14,430
Dan ħwienet ismijiet ta '
xjentisti li nistgħu attwalment

1879
01:22:14,430 --> 01:22:20,690
tfittex permezz biss tip ta 'wara l-
tabelli hash differenti isfel, id-dritt?

1880
01:22:20,690 --> 01:22:24,730
>> U l-għan ta 'dan huwa, fit-teorija,
dawn jipprovdu ħin kostanti ħarsa up.

1881
01:22:24,730 --> 01:22:29,630
Mela jekk jien tixtieq li jiċċekkjaw li,
per eżempju, li l-someone--

1882
01:22:29,630 --> 01:22:33,410
li Mandel Huwa f'dan
trie, I jistgħu malajr ħafna

1883
01:22:33,410 --> 01:22:36,260
fil linear-- Jien sorry, fil
ħin kostanti, figura

1884
01:22:36,260 --> 01:22:39,010
jekk jew le huwa fil- trie.

1885
01:22:39,010 --> 01:22:41,500
Iżda con, huwa ħarsa lejn kemm hu kbir dan huwa.

1886
01:22:41,500 --> 01:22:44,120
Aħna lanqas ħażna li
data ħafna, u huwa enormi.

1887
01:22:44,120 --> 01:22:47,950
Allura wieħed con kbira hija li
juża ammont kbir ta 'memorja.

1888
01:22:47,950 --> 01:22:48,746
Iva.

1889
01:22:48,746 --> 01:22:50,610
>> UDJENZA: Għaliex ma jipprovdi
ħin kostanti, eżattament?

1890
01:22:50,610 --> 01:22:51,376
>> SPEAKER 1: Wieħed aktar ħin?

1891
01:22:51,376 --> 01:22:53,360
>> UDJENZA: X'inhu l-intuwizzjoni
għall għaliex huwa jipprovdi ħin kostanti?

1892
01:22:53,360 --> 01:22:54,610
>> SPEAKER 1: Eċċellenti kwistjoni.

1893
01:22:54,610 --> 01:22:56,030
Għaliex ma jipprovdix żmien kostanti?

1894
01:22:56,030 --> 01:22:59,280
Allura x'nistgħu nagħmlu huwa, ejja
ngħidu aħna qed infittxu Mandel.

1895
01:22:59,280 --> 01:23:02,830
Aħna nafu li rridu nibdew
fl-ewwel livell li M.

1896
01:23:02,830 --> 01:23:06,890
Aħna nafu aħna tixtieq li ssegwi din E. So
dan huwa tieħu pass wieħed, tnejn, id-dritt?

1897
01:23:06,890 --> 01:23:10,710
Aħna isegwu lill N. nimxu wara li D.
Aħna isegwu lill E. nimxu wara li L.

1898
01:23:10,710 --> 01:23:15,100
U allura l-ħaġa li jmiss aħna jiċċekkjaw
says-- dan delta jgħid Iva, li

1899
01:23:15,100 --> 01:23:15,990
fit-tabella tagħna.

1900
01:23:15,990 --> 01:23:16,880
Din hija kelma.

1901
01:23:16,880 --> 01:23:19,900
Dan huwa dħul valida trie tagħna.

1902
01:23:19,900 --> 01:23:22,450
Allura inti qed tgħid, OK,
li ħadet seba 'passi.

1903
01:23:22,450 --> 01:23:27,200
Iżda jekk aħna miżjud bħal zillion aktar
xjentisti għal din l-istruttura tad-data,

1904
01:23:27,200 --> 01:23:29,470
aħna ma jkollhomx biex jiċċekkjaw
a zillion aktar affarijiet.

1905
01:23:29,470 --> 01:23:33,580
Aħna biss qatt ser ikollhom jieħdu
seba 'passi, it-tul tal-il-persuna

1906
01:23:33,580 --> 01:23:35,260
isem.

1907
01:23:35,260 --> 01:23:39,350
>> Allura, aħna simili biex jaħsbu
tal runtime kif, ejja ngħidu

1908
01:23:39,350 --> 01:23:42,340
aħna jiżdied id-daqs ta 'tagħna
istruttura tad-data, kemm itwal

1909
01:23:42,340 --> 01:23:44,580
huwa se jieħu?

1910
01:23:44,580 --> 01:23:47,372
F'dan il-każ, jekk aħna żid mazz
aktar xjentisti, ma jimpurtax.

1911
01:23:47,372 --> 01:23:49,413
Huwa għadu għaddej biex tieħu
l-istess ammont ta 'ħin.

1912
01:23:49,413 --> 01:23:50,350
Wasal iż-żmien kostanti.

1913
01:23:50,350 --> 01:23:50,850
Iva.

1914
01:23:50,850 --> 01:23:53,557
>> UDJENZA: Kif tkun taf ma
jiġu skennjati fuq in-numri l-oħra?

1915
01:23:53,557 --> 01:23:54,932
SPEAKER 1: Kif inkun naf kif to--

1916
01:23:54,932 --> 01:23:58,236
UDJENZA: Bħal kif tkun taf tmur
dritta mill M sa E u ma M sa A?

1917
01:23:58,236 --> 01:23:59,069
SPEAKER 1: Oh, żgur.

1918
01:23:59,069 --> 01:24:01,620
Għaliex kont naf I kien
tfittex l-kelma Mandel,

1919
01:24:01,620 --> 01:24:04,195
u I biss taf huwa M-E.
Allura that-- yeah, imorru quddiem.

1920
01:24:04,195 --> 01:24:06,528
UDJENZA: Ma inti għandek
li tħares lejn l-ittri l-oħra

1921
01:24:06,528 --> 01:24:07,870
fil-bqija tal-[inaudible]?

1922
01:24:07,870 --> 01:24:10,020
>> SPEAKER 1: Ah, ma għandi
li tħares lejn the-- OK, kbir.

1923
01:24:10,020 --> 01:24:10,790
Din hija kwistjoni kbira.

1924
01:24:10,790 --> 01:24:12,170
Hija tiddependi kemm nimplimentaw dan.

1925
01:24:12,170 --> 01:24:15,350
Jekk aħna jimplimentawha biss bħala
bħal serje ta 'arrays

1926
01:24:15,350 --> 01:24:18,100
fejn nafu li E hija
dejjem fil-pożizzjoni 0,

1927
01:24:18,100 --> 01:24:21,270
I do not know, ikun x'ikun
indiċi numru huwa fuq.

1928
01:24:21,270 --> 01:24:24,901
Yeah, nistgħu biss tagħmel kostanti
time, do, do, do, do.

1929
01:24:24,901 --> 01:24:25,400
Kessaħ.

1930
01:24:25,400 --> 01:24:27,556
Mistoqsija hemmhekk?

1931
01:24:27,556 --> 01:24:30,927
>> UDJENZA: Huwa żmien kostanti
l-istess ħaġa bħat ħin reali?

1932
01:24:30,927 --> 01:24:33,260
SPEAKER 1: Huwa żmien kostanti
l-istess ħaġa huwa żmien reali?

1933
01:24:33,260 --> 01:24:34,799
M'inix ċert verament ħin reali huwa.

1934
01:24:34,799 --> 01:24:36,965
UDJENZA: ħin bħal dik
litteralment timxi tieni

1935
01:24:36,965 --> 01:24:40,150
billi t-tieni minflok ma jkun
varjabbli indipendenti.

1936
01:24:40,150 --> 01:24:42,960
>> SPEAKER 1: Oh, yeah, inti
tista 'taħseb dan il-mod.

1937
01:24:42,960 --> 01:24:46,240
Fi kliem ieħor, mhuwiex dipendenti
fuq id-daqs tal-istruttura tad-data.

1938
01:24:46,240 --> 01:24:48,310
Li l-mod biex jaħsbu li.

1939
01:24:48,310 --> 01:24:50,510
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet oħra?

1940
01:24:50,510 --> 01:24:53,120
Forsi fl-ewwel darba fl
istorja, aħna lesti fil-ħin.

1941
01:24:53,120 --> 01:24:57,080
Jekk għandek xi mistoqsijiet, tħossok
liberu li jiġu jitlob minna, mur it-taqsima,

1942
01:24:57,080 --> 01:25:00,190
kellem lit-TFS tiegħek, uffiċċju
sigħat huma 8:00 u 8:30

1943
01:25:00,190 --> 01:25:03,985
li 11:00 nhar it-Tnejn u t-Tlieta, hekk
huwa xi ftit żmien differenti,

1944
01:25:03,985 --> 01:25:05,110
sabiex tagħmel żgur li int wieħed jinnota li.

1945
01:25:05,110 --> 01:25:06,048
Yeah.

1946
01:25:06,048 --> 01:25:08,673
>> UDJENZA: Għandna bżonn tkun taf
għalf bħal argumenti kmand linja,

1947
01:25:08,673 --> 01:25:10,360
ls sing, sing ikun x'ikun?

1948
01:25:10,360 --> 01:25:11,840
>> SPEAKER 1: Linja ta 'Kmand
argumenti, u Linux jikkmanda,

1949
01:25:11,840 --> 01:25:13,010
iva, għandek bżonn tkun taf dawn.

1950
01:25:13,010 --> 01:25:18,234
Very-- huwa bħall-tip ta 'livell
Jittieħed aħna koperti fis-sezzjoni 0,

1951
01:25:18,234 --> 01:25:19,400
safejn Linux jikkmanda go.

1952
01:25:19,400 --> 01:25:20,942
>> UDJENZA: Huma l-sigħat Annenberg?

1953
01:25:20,942 --> 01:25:23,525
SPEAKER 1: Uffiċċju siegħa, jien ma
totalment ċert fejn huma.

1954
01:25:23,525 --> 01:25:25,980
Iżda int tista 'tiċċekkja l-
website, u se jgħidlek.

1955
01:25:25,980 --> 01:25:27,499