1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,060 >> [Daqq tal-mużika] 2 00:00:05,060 --> 00:00:05,890 >> Doug LLOYD: OK. 3 00:00:05,890 --> 00:00:08,680 Mela ejja nitkellmu dwar kif uża l-kmand tal-linja Linux. 4 00:00:08,680 --> 00:00:11,860 Issa, il-IDE CS50, jew fatt, anki appliance CS50, 5 00:00:11,860 --> 00:00:15,210 jekk int familjari ma 'dan, jew tkun qed tieħu verżjoni anzjani ta 'CS50, 6 00:00:15,210 --> 00:00:17,420 huwa magna sħaba bbażata fuq li tmur Ubuntu, 7 00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:20,259 li hija waħda mill-togħmiet ħafna tas-sistema operattiva Linux. 8 00:00:20,259 --> 00:00:22,300 Sistema operattiva Linux hija iffavorit mill programmaturi, 9 00:00:22,300 --> 00:00:25,690 għaliex huwa biss cooler, id-dritt? 10 00:00:25,690 --> 00:00:29,170 >> Ħafna Linux distribuzzjonijiet moderni jkollhom interfaces għall-utenti grafika, 11 00:00:29,170 --> 00:00:33,710 li aħna wkoll sejħa GUIs, G-U-I, li jippermettu faċli navigazzjoni bbażata fuq ġrieden, 12 00:00:33,710 --> 00:00:36,920 li int probabilment familjari ma ', jekk int utent Windows jew Mac, 13 00:00:36,920 --> 00:00:39,961 jiċċaqalqu madwar maws, double-tikklikkja fuq ikoni, u l-bqija. 14 00:00:39,961 --> 00:00:42,210 Still għalkemm, bħala programmer, u anki jekk l-IDE 15 00:00:42,210 --> 00:00:44,800 fih il-ħila biex jagħmlu xi grafika user 16 00:00:44,800 --> 00:00:47,400 Jittieħed, tikklikkja, u jittrattienu, u dak kollu li, 17 00:00:47,400 --> 00:00:50,197 inti xorta ser tkun qed tuża tiegħek tieqa terminal pretty spiss. 18 00:00:50,197 --> 00:00:52,280 U inti tista 'tagħmel ħafna ta' l- istess kompiti li inti tista ' 19 00:00:52,280 --> 00:00:53,905 do b'maws ma jikkmanda tastiera. 20 00:00:53,905 --> 00:00:56,821 U aħna qed tmur biex jitkellmu ftit dwar dak li xi wħud minn dawk kmandi 21 00:00:56,821 --> 00:00:58,050 huma dritt issa. 22 00:00:58,050 --> 00:01:02,490 >> Issa, dawn il-kmandijiet jistgħu jintużaw fuq kull operattiva bbażata Unix 23 00:01:02,490 --> 00:01:06,790 sistema, li tinkludi Linux, iżda jinkludi wkoll Mac OS. 24 00:01:06,790 --> 00:01:12,930 Jekk inti tiftaħ Terminal fuq Mac tiegħek, inti tista 'tuża dawn il-kmandijiet eżatti. 25 00:01:12,930 --> 00:01:15,705 Windows wkoll Kmand Prompt, imma wħud mill-kmandi 26 00:01:15,705 --> 00:01:17,871 huma kemmxejn differenti, so din attwalment ma jaħdimx, 27 00:01:17,871 --> 00:01:20,080 minħabba Windows ma jkunx sistema bbażata Unix. 28 00:01:20,080 --> 00:01:22,620 >> Mela ejja tagħti ħarsa lejn uħud ta 'dawn il-kmandijiet Linux. 29 00:01:22,620 --> 00:01:26,100 L-ewwel waħda li tkun taf probabbilment jużaw pjuttost ħafna huwa ls. 30 00:01:26,100 --> 00:01:30,410 Li l-l lowercase, segwit minn lowercase s, li huwa qasir għall-lista. 31 00:01:30,410 --> 00:01:33,720 U dak il-lista kmand ma huwa jagħtik qari tal-fajls 32 00:01:33,720 --> 00:01:35,670 u folders fl-direttorju kurrenti tiegħek. 33 00:01:35,670 --> 00:01:39,430 Allura tista 'tara dak kollu li tista tikseb sa minn fejn inti bħalissa huma. 34 00:01:39,430 --> 00:01:41,545 >> Hekk stajt fetħet hawn il-IDE CS50. 35 00:01:41,545 --> 00:01:44,540 U jien ser zoom-in fil- tieni li jagħtik ħarsa aktar mill-qrib, 36 00:01:44,540 --> 00:01:47,240 iżda hawn l-istampa wiesa ta 'dak l-IDE Dehra. 37 00:01:47,240 --> 00:01:49,580 Fuq ix-xellug, tista 'tara għandna siġra fajl, li int probabilment 38 00:01:49,580 --> 00:01:52,663 familjari ma ', double-tikklikkja, u fajls u folders, u dak kollu li Jittieħed. 39 00:01:52,663 --> 00:01:54,694 Allura li għadu hemm fl-appliance CS50. 40 00:01:54,694 --> 00:01:57,860 Fiċ-ċentru fil-quċċata huwa fejn int se jkun miktub kodiċi tiegħek, ladarba 41 00:01:57,860 --> 00:01:58,960 tikklikkja fuq fajl. 42 00:01:58,960 --> 00:02:00,900 U fil-qiegħ, aħna tieqa terminal, 43 00:02:00,900 --> 00:02:04,040 li huwa fejn nistgħu tesegwixxi dawn il-kmandijiet terminali. 44 00:02:04,040 --> 00:02:07,460 >> Jien ser zoom-in u ras minn hawn, just 45 00:02:07,460 --> 00:02:12,360 biex turi li inti dak, fil-fatt, I jista ikklikkja fuq dawn il-fajls u folders. 46 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:17,010 Allura ċar, fejn I bħalissa am, I jkollhom żewġ folders, imsejħa pset0 u pset1, 47 00:02:17,010 --> 00:02:20,520 u tliet fajls, wieħed imsejjaħ hello, wieħed imsejjaħ hello.c, 48 00:02:20,520 --> 00:02:22,870 u wieħed imsejjaħ hello.txt. 49 00:02:22,870 --> 00:02:27,100 >> Mela ejja jimxu l isfel għall-terminal tieqa u tikseb ħarsa aktar mill-qrib. 50 00:02:27,100 --> 00:02:31,010 Allura aħna biss tkellimna, għal darb'oħra, dwar il- fatt li għandna tliet fajls u tnejn 51 00:02:31,010 --> 00:02:32,970 folders fil-direttorju kurrenti. 52 00:02:32,970 --> 00:02:37,080 Jekk I ls, li għal darb'oħra tip huwa l-kmand li lista 53 00:02:37,080 --> 00:02:40,870 il-kontenut tal-kurrent tad-direttorju, u mbagħad I hit Ikteb, 54 00:02:40,870 --> 00:02:47,220 tfittex dak li nara, hello, hello.c, hello.txt, pset0 u pset1. 55 00:02:47,220 --> 00:02:49,620 >> pset0 u pset1 huma kkulurita blu, li jindika 56 00:02:49,620 --> 00:02:52,420 lilek li dawn huma direttorji li nistgħu jinnavigaw fil. 57 00:02:52,420 --> 00:02:54,503 U aħna ser jitgħallmu ftit ftit dwar kif jinnaviga 58 00:02:54,503 --> 00:02:56,290 fi direttorji fil-minuta. 59 00:02:56,290 --> 00:03:00,920 U kull ħaġa oħra hija kkulurita iswed, jekk huwa fajl test jew kodiċi sors 60 00:03:00,920 --> 00:03:03,590 fajl, u aħdar, jekk huwa ta 'fajl eżekutibbli. 61 00:03:03,590 --> 00:03:06,367 Allura ċar, dan ifisser li jien tista 'tmexxi program imsejjaħ, bonjour. 62 00:03:06,367 --> 00:03:07,950 Dak hu l-waħda ħadra hemm mezzi. 63 00:03:07,950 --> 00:03:10,080 Imma bażikament, ttajpjati l- kmand ls ppermettiet 64 00:03:10,080 --> 00:03:13,470 lili biex tħares lejn dak kollu li jeżisti fl-direttorju kurrenti tiegħi, li 65 00:03:13,470 --> 00:03:17,940 logħbiet dak li naraw hawn, fil- wiri grafika ta 'l-istess. 66 00:03:17,940 --> 00:03:19,940 Il-kmand li jmiss inti ser probabbilment jużaw pjuttost ftit 67 00:03:19,940 --> 00:03:24,792 huwa cd, lowercase c, d zghar, li huwa qasir għall-direttorju bidla. 68 00:03:24,792 --> 00:03:27,500 Dan jippermetti li jagħmlu dak I kien jitkellem dwar it-tieni ilu, li 69 00:03:27,500 --> 00:03:31,150 huwa biex jinnaviga bejn direttorji fil-kmand 70 00:03:31,150 --> 00:03:33,700 linja, għall-kuntrarju double-click fuq folders. 71 00:03:33,700 --> 00:03:37,250 Allura jekk aħna tip cd u mbagħad l-isem ta 'direttorju, 72 00:03:37,250 --> 00:03:40,890 nistgħu jsibu rwieħhom li direttorju. 73 00:03:40,890 --> 00:03:44,680 >> Bħala twarrib, jafu li l-isem tad-direttorju attwali hija dejjem 74 00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:48,670 dot, u l-isem tad-direttorju wieħed livell hawn fuq fejn ninsabu issa, 75 00:03:48,670 --> 00:03:54,820 li huwa l-isem tal-fowlder fi li folder tagħna huwa, dot, dot-- 76 00:03:54,820 --> 00:03:56,851 jew li fihom folder tagħna huwa, huwa dot, dot. 77 00:03:56,851 --> 00:03:59,350 U jekk int qatt kurjużi dwar l-isem ta 'direttorju tiegħek, 78 00:03:59,350 --> 00:04:03,430 inti tista tip PWD, li stands għal direttorju ta 'ħidma preżenti. 79 00:04:03,430 --> 00:04:06,827 Aħna ser tagħti ħarsa lejn dawn kollha issa, skond l-intestatura lura lill-IDE CS50. 80 00:04:06,827 --> 00:04:08,160 Hekk jien lura fil workspace tiegħi issa. 81 00:04:08,160 --> 00:04:11,930 U jien ser zoom-in mill-ġdid fuq il- terminal, sabiex inkunu nistgħu tagħti ħarsa 82 00:04:11,930 --> 00:04:14,209 fil jiċċaqalqu madwar fil-IDE. 83 00:04:14,209 --> 00:04:16,250 Hekk jien ser lista l- kontenut ta 'direttorju tiegħi 84 00:04:16,250 --> 00:04:19,220 għal darb'oħra, biss biex reground us fil fejn ninsabu. 85 00:04:19,220 --> 00:04:21,740 Mela jekk jien ls tip, li huwa għall-lista mill-ġdid, 86 00:04:21,740 --> 00:04:24,160 Nara li nista 'nikseb għal pset0 u pset1. 87 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:26,420 Dawn huma l-direttorji I jistgħu jiksbu l minn hawn. 88 00:04:26,420 --> 00:04:30,400 Naf li, minħabba l-IDE jagħti me a clue billi kulur minnhom blu. 89 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:33,295 >> Ejja ngħidu li nixtieq li jsibu rwieħhom direttorju pset1 tiegħi, 90 00:04:33,295 --> 00:04:35,310 għaliex jien jaħdmu fuq il-problema stabbilixxa l-1. 91 00:04:35,310 --> 00:04:41,380 I tista tip cd-- darb'oħra, qosra għall bidla directory-- ispazju, pset1. 92 00:04:41,380 --> 00:04:43,334 U jekk I hit Ikteb, avviż x'jiġri. 93 00:04:43,334 --> 00:04:45,000 Ma look like a lott ikun ġara. 94 00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:50,510 Imma jekk inti tħares lejn il-pront, issa jgħidlekx me li jien fil ~ / workspace / pset1. 95 00:04:50,510 --> 00:04:55,510 Stajt navigati fil-pset1 folder li kien fil workspace tiegħi. 96 00:04:55,510 --> 00:05:00,560 >> U jekk jien ls-tip, nara xi Jittieħed differenti hawn, id-dritt? 97 00:05:00,560 --> 00:05:03,810 Din mhix l-istess lista li rajt qabel. 98 00:05:03,810 --> 00:05:05,350 Stajt navigati fis pset1. 99 00:05:05,350 --> 00:05:08,560 U hekk issa, meta I ls-tip, jien jkollna l-kuntest ta 'dak li nista' 100 00:05:08,560 --> 00:05:12,600 tara minn ġewwa l-folder pset1. 101 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:16,056 >> Issa, jien ser tip ta 'kontroll l, li biss ikun ikklerja l-iskrin. 102 00:05:16,056 --> 00:05:18,180 U jien ser lista l- kontenut tad-direttorju 103 00:05:18,180 --> 00:05:18,880 għal darb'oħra, biss sabiex inti tista 'tara. 104 00:05:18,880 --> 00:05:20,730 I biss riedu biex tagħmel dan għal ċar l wħud mill-għalf 105 00:05:20,730 --> 00:05:22,521 li inti raw stabbiliti hawn taħt u sabiex din il 106 00:05:22,521 --> 00:05:24,660 milli jmorru wisq down barra mill-firxa. 107 00:05:24,660 --> 00:05:28,440 >> Issa, I qal qabel li, jekk irrid biex jinnaviga għall-direttorju kurrenti, 108 00:05:28,440 --> 00:05:31,580 I tista tip cd ispazju dot. 109 00:05:31,580 --> 00:05:32,080 Hit Ikteb. 110 00:05:32,080 --> 00:05:33,330 Ma tagħmel xejn, id-dritt? 111 00:05:33,330 --> 00:05:35,480 Jien jinbidlu direttorji għall-direttorju kurrenti. 112 00:05:35,480 --> 00:05:37,813 Int mhux dejjem se isibu ħtieġa għal dot wieħed, 113 00:05:37,813 --> 00:05:39,540 imma inti se kultant. 114 00:05:39,540 --> 00:05:41,950 >> Ejja ngħidu li nixtieq li nħaffu livell wieħed. 115 00:05:41,950 --> 00:05:44,450 Irrid li terġa 'lura għall direttorju workspace tiegħi. 116 00:05:44,450 --> 00:05:49,800 I ma tista tip workspace cd, hemm l-ebda tali file jew direttorju. 117 00:05:49,800 --> 00:05:52,780 U r-raġuni għall that-- jekk I tip ls waħda time-- aktar 118 00:05:52,780 --> 00:05:58,060 hija li m'hemm l-ebda direttorju imsejjaħ workspace ġewwa ta 'direttorju pset1 tiegħi. 119 00:05:58,060 --> 00:06:00,275 Jien ser ċara tiegħi iskrin mill-ġdid ma l-kontroll. 120 00:06:00,275 --> 00:06:02,150 Ftakar dak li għidt qabel, madankollu, li aħna 121 00:06:02,150 --> 00:06:04,010 jistgħu jinnavigaw lura ma dot, dot. 122 00:06:04,010 --> 00:06:05,880 Dik hija l-isem tad-direttorju ġenitur. 123 00:06:05,880 --> 00:06:10,727 Mela jekk jien tip cd, ispazju, dot, dot, u mbagħad hit Ikteb, 124 00:06:10,727 --> 00:06:11,810 issa nħarsu lejn dak li ġara. 125 00:06:11,810 --> 00:06:15,250 Kmand pront tiegħi jgħidlekx me li jien lura fil tiegħi direttorju ~ / workspace. 126 00:06:15,250 --> 00:06:19,360 I mċaqalqa up livell wieħed, grazzi għall dot, dot. 127 00:06:19,360 --> 00:06:23,400 >> Issa, ejja ngħidu li jien jużaw sistema operattiva li hija Linux bbażati, 128 00:06:23,400 --> 00:06:25,440 iżda mhux bilfors tell me fejn I am. 129 00:06:25,440 --> 00:06:28,370 Dan wieħed jiġri li jgħidulna li Jien fil ~ / workspace dritt issa, 130 00:06:28,370 --> 00:06:29,280 dritt fil-pront. 131 00:06:29,280 --> 00:06:31,940 Imma I jista 'jkun kompletament mitlufa fil-mess ta 'folders, 132 00:06:31,940 --> 00:06:34,946 u għandi l-ebda idea fejn I am u ebda idea fejn I rridu nġibu lura lill. 133 00:06:34,946 --> 00:06:36,320 Hemm żewġ affarijiet li nista 'tagħmel. 134 00:06:36,320 --> 00:06:40,920 >> L-ewwelnett, I jistgħu figura fejn I am, billi jiġu ttajpjati PWD. 135 00:06:40,920 --> 00:06:42,720 C'est direttorju xogħol tiegħi preżenti. 136 00:06:42,720 --> 00:06:45,830 U jekk I hit Ikteb, huwa jgħidlekx me eżattament fejn I am. 137 00:06:45,830 --> 00:06:49,400 Issa / home / ubuntu huwa l- triq twila ta 'tgħid, tilde, 138 00:06:49,400 --> 00:06:51,290 li huwa direttorju dar tiegħek. 139 00:06:51,290 --> 00:06:56,540 Iżda huwa jgħidlekx me li jien fil home / ubuntu / workspace, jew ~ / workspace. 140 00:06:56,540 --> 00:07:00,700 >> Jien ser jinnaviga direttorju pset1 tiegħi għal darb'oħra, 141 00:07:00,700 --> 00:07:02,229 u jien ser lista tal-kontenut. 142 00:07:02,229 --> 00:07:04,770 U nara li għandi ieħor direttorju hemm, imsejħa ekstras. 143 00:07:04,770 --> 00:07:09,020 Hekk jien ser cd fis ekstras, u imbagħad jien ser biex ċar l-iskrin tiegħi. 144 00:07:09,020 --> 00:07:11,540 >> Allura issa, jien pretty ħafna fil, right? 145 00:07:11,540 --> 00:07:13,680 X'jiġri jekk I tixtieq li back li Workspace immedjatament? 146 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:15,138 Hemm ftit affarijiet I tista 'tagħmel. 147 00:07:15,138 --> 00:07:18,750 I tista 'tip cd, dot, dot, mmejla, dot, dot, li nħaffu l-livell wieħed u mbagħad 148 00:07:18,750 --> 00:07:19,640 livell ieħor. 149 00:07:19,640 --> 00:07:21,090 Imma dak li tip ta 'annoying. 150 00:07:21,090 --> 00:07:24,990 >> Mela jekk jien qatt tixtieq li terġa 'lura għall biss direttorju dar tiegħi, tilde, 151 00:07:24,990 --> 00:07:27,690 I tista tip cd ma 'xejn wara. 152 00:07:27,690 --> 00:07:29,224 Cd, Ikteb. 153 00:07:29,224 --> 00:07:30,140 U issa, jien fil tilde. 154 00:07:30,140 --> 00:07:34,310 U jekk irrid insir workspace, I tista 'biss tip workspace cd. 155 00:07:34,310 --> 00:07:36,770 U li kif inti taħdem direttorji jinbidlu 156 00:07:36,770 --> 00:07:42,080 fi ħdan il-IDE CS50 jew xi Linux sistema operattiva fil-linja tal-kmand. 157 00:07:42,080 --> 00:07:42,580 Kull dritt. 158 00:07:42,580 --> 00:07:45,610 Il-wieħed li jmiss li jista jaqgħu fil handy hija mkdir, 159 00:07:45,610 --> 00:07:48,709 li huwa qasir għall tagħmel direttorju, jekk I bżonn li jinħoloq folder ġdid. 160 00:07:48,709 --> 00:07:50,750 Jekk int familjari ma is-sistema operattiva GUI, 161 00:07:50,750 --> 00:07:51,820 inti tista 'dritt ikklikkja. 162 00:07:51,820 --> 00:07:54,500 U mbagħad, meta-menu kuntest pops up, jagħżlu New Folder. 163 00:07:54,500 --> 00:07:56,250 Li probabbilment kif inti ghamilt dan qabel. 164 00:07:56,250 --> 00:08:00,979 Iżda nistgħu wkoll toħloq direttorji fil-linja tal-kmand. 165 00:08:00,979 --> 00:08:02,020 Allura aħna qed lura fil-IDE. 166 00:08:02,020 --> 00:08:08,020 I ser zoom-in fuq it-terminal u jelenkaw il-kontenut ta 'direttorju tiegħi 167 00:08:08,020 --> 00:08:11,882 għal darb'oħra, biss biex tagħtina qafas ta 'referenza. 168 00:08:11,882 --> 00:08:14,340 Ejja ngħidu li, issa, stajt lest li jaħdmu fuq il-problema stabbiliti 0 169 00:08:14,340 --> 00:08:15,580 u l-problema stabbilixxa l-1. 170 00:08:15,580 --> 00:08:19,390 So I tixtieq li toħloq direttorju ġdid biex jaħdmu fuq għal problema sett 2. 171 00:08:19,390 --> 00:08:20,420 Kif nista 'nagħmlu? 172 00:08:20,420 --> 00:08:24,132 >> Ukoll, għal darb'oħra, I tista 'dritt ikklikkja fil- xellug ġenb hemm u tagħżel New Folder 173 00:08:24,132 --> 00:08:25,340 u toħloq direttorju pset2. 174 00:08:25,340 --> 00:08:26,240 Li tkun taħdem wisq. 175 00:08:26,240 --> 00:08:28,615 Imma mbagħad I wkoll jagħmlu dan fil- linja ta 'kmand pretty malajr, 176 00:08:28,615 --> 00:08:35,049 billi jittajpja mkdir, I space-- ittajpjat fil n, but-- pset2 ispazju. 177 00:08:35,049 --> 00:08:38,659 Jekk I hit Ikteb u mbagħad I lista l- kontenut ta 'direttorju tiegħi darb'oħra, 178 00:08:38,659 --> 00:08:40,710 Nara li, tfittex, issa I jkollhom folder pset2. 179 00:08:40,710 --> 00:08:43,110 UI jistgħu jinnavigaw fil li l-użu cd u jagħmlu 180 00:08:43,110 --> 00:08:45,614 x-xogħol kollu I bżonn tagħmel għall pset2. 181 00:08:45,614 --> 00:08:48,530 Inċidentalment, I ser biss pop aktar hawn verament malajr għall-siġra fajl. 182 00:08:48,530 --> 00:08:53,494 U tista 'tara li, wkoll, il File Explorer grafika, 183 00:08:53,494 --> 00:08:56,160 nistgħu naraw li l-direttorju pset2 Inħolqot ukoll hemmhekk. 184 00:08:56,160 --> 00:08:58,537 U jien jistgħu jinnavigaw lilha, bl-użu GUI kif ukoll. 185 00:08:58,537 --> 00:09:00,870 Il-ħin li jmiss u li probabbilment se jidħlu fil handy 186 00:09:00,870 --> 00:09:03,650 huwa cp, li huwa qasir għall-kopja. 187 00:09:03,650 --> 00:09:06,960 Kopja, b'differenza kollha l-oħra jikkmanda konna rajna qabel, 188 00:09:06,960 --> 00:09:11,800 jieħu żewġ argumenti, sors, il- isem tal-fajl li inti tixtieq li kopja, 189 00:09:11,800 --> 00:09:15,810 u destinazzjoni, fejn inti tixtieq li kopja tal-fajl lill. 190 00:09:15,810 --> 00:09:19,490 Huwa pjuttost faċli għall-kopja fajl, so ejja tagħmel dan. 191 00:09:19,490 --> 00:09:20,640 >> Allura aħna qed lura fil-IDE. 192 00:09:20,640 --> 00:09:24,540 Jien ser telenka l-kontenut ta 'direttorju kurrenti tiegħi ma ls. 193 00:09:24,540 --> 00:09:28,310 Issa, ejja ngħidu li nixtieq li tagħmel kopja ta 'hello.txt. 194 00:09:28,310 --> 00:09:32,120 Għal darb'oħra, mill-siġra fajl fuq il- xellug, l-interface grafika, 195 00:09:32,120 --> 00:09:35,969 I tista 'dritt ikklikkja fuq hello.txt, tagħmel kopja, paste tal-kopja. 196 00:09:35,969 --> 00:09:38,260 Imma I tista 'tagħmel dan pjuttost malajr fil-linja tal-kmand wisq. 197 00:09:38,260 --> 00:09:42,520 >> Ejja ngħidu I tixtieq li kopja hello.txt li hi.txt. 198 00:09:42,520 --> 00:09:45,850 I tista 'cp, l-ispazju, hello.txt. 199 00:09:45,850 --> 00:09:48,850 C'est sors fajl tiegħi, b'tali mod li għalhekk Jien ser jagħżlu li wieħed l-ewwel. 200 00:09:48,850 --> 00:09:51,058 U mbagħad I bżonn biex insemmu l- fajl tad-destinazzjoni, hi.txt. 201 00:09:51,058 --> 00:09:53,690 202 00:09:53,690 --> 00:09:54,620 I hit Ikteb. 203 00:09:54,620 --> 00:09:57,930 U jekk I telenka l-kontenut ta 'tiegħi direttorju darb'oħra, hemm hi.txt. 204 00:09:57,930 --> 00:09:59,220 I magħmula kopja ta 'dan. 205 00:09:59,220 --> 00:10:01,090 U fil-fatt, jekk I marru fis hi.txt, I jistgħu 206 00:10:01,090 --> 00:10:04,030 tara li jkun eżatt duplikat ta 'dak kollu li 207 00:10:04,030 --> 00:10:08,330 teżisti fil-fajl hello.txt tiegħi. 208 00:10:08,330 --> 00:10:09,790 >> Allura li kif inti kopja fajl. 209 00:10:09,790 --> 00:10:12,680 Imma x'jiġri jekk inti tixtieq li kopja direttorju kollu? 210 00:10:12,680 --> 00:10:16,510 Allura għat-tieni, ejja tagħti ħarsa fil x'hemm fl-direttorju pset0 tiegħi. 211 00:10:16,510 --> 00:10:23,950 Jekk I pset0 cd u lista tal-kontenut, I jkollhom direttorju imsejħa, kampjun, 212 00:10:23,950 --> 00:10:26,252 u fajl scratch, scratch.sb2. 213 00:10:26,252 --> 00:10:27,210 Allura li tajjeb li tkun taf. 214 00:10:27,210 --> 00:10:29,800 Mela ejja ċar l-iskrin, u jien se jmorru lura 215 00:10:29,800 --> 00:10:32,870 li direttorju workspace tiegħi għat-tieni. 216 00:10:32,870 --> 00:10:36,630 >> Ejja ngħidu li, issa, nixtieq li jagħmel kopja ta 'direttorju pset0 tiegħi. 217 00:10:36,630 --> 00:10:42,940 I ma tistax biss jgħidu pset0 cp pset3, per eżempju. 218 00:10:42,940 --> 00:10:46,220 Ikollok dan il-messaġġ stramb, tħalli barra pset0 direttorju. 219 00:10:46,220 --> 00:10:47,439 Għaliex għandek tikseb dak il-messaġġ? 220 00:10:47,439 --> 00:10:49,730 Ukoll, jirriżulta li, meta għandek direttorju li 221 00:10:49,730 --> 00:10:53,150 għandha Jittieħed oħra ġewwa ta 'dan, il-kmand cp ma verament 222 00:10:53,150 --> 00:10:55,590 neċessarjament jafu x'għandhom jagħmlu magħha. 223 00:10:55,590 --> 00:10:59,670 >> Għandna bżonn li espliċitament tell Linux, il terminal, 224 00:10:59,670 --> 00:11:03,720 Nixtieq li kopja tal- direttorju pset0 u kopja 225 00:11:03,720 --> 00:11:07,530 kull folder li teżisti ġewwa ta 'dan u kull fajl li 226 00:11:07,530 --> 00:11:08,750 teżisti ġewwa ta 'dan. 227 00:11:08,750 --> 00:11:13,270 Fi kliem ieħor, I ħtieġa li inti recursively adsa isfel fil pset0 228 00:11:13,270 --> 00:11:15,660 u jagħmel kopja ta 'dak kollu fil hemmhekk. 229 00:11:15,660 --> 00:11:25,280 >> Jekk irrid li tagħmel dan, dak I tista 'tagħmel huwa cp-r, għall rikursivi, pset3 pset0. 230 00:11:25,280 --> 00:11:26,850 Hit Ikteb. 231 00:11:26,850 --> 00:11:29,290 Issa, jekk I lista l- kontenut ta 'direttorju tiegħi, 232 00:11:29,290 --> 00:11:32,180 Nara hemm il-pset3 direttorju li I jistgħu jaħdmu ma '. 233 00:11:32,180 --> 00:11:36,990 U jekk I cd fl pset3 issa u imbagħad lista l-kontenut, dehra, 234 00:11:36,990 --> 00:11:39,594 hemm kampjun u scratch.sb2 mill-ġdid. 235 00:11:39,594 --> 00:11:40,510 Allura dak pjuttost jibred. 236 00:11:40,510 --> 00:11:43,819 Allura li kif inti tista 'kopja ta' kollu tad-direttorju, u mhux biss f'fajl wieħed. 237 00:11:43,819 --> 00:11:45,860 Mela jekk inti tixtieq li kopja tad-direttorju, ftakar biss 238 00:11:45,860 --> 00:11:49,830 li tuża l-bandiera -R meta int ħidma mal-kmand cp. 239 00:11:49,830 --> 00:11:50,330 Kull dritt. 240 00:11:50,330 --> 00:11:52,320 Hekk stajt kkupjati fajl, iżda I ghamilt dan bi żball. 241 00:11:52,320 --> 00:11:53,695 U issa, nixtieq li jeħles minnu. 242 00:11:53,695 --> 00:11:54,850 Kif nista 'nagħmlu? 243 00:11:54,850 --> 00:11:56,830 Għal darb'oħra, jekk int familjari ma 'interface GUI, 244 00:11:56,830 --> 00:11:58,310 inti tista 'dritt ikklikkja u biss jagħżlu Ħassar. 245 00:11:58,310 --> 00:12:00,630 U dan ser tibgħat lill- Trash jew il-Recycle Bin. 246 00:12:00,630 --> 00:12:03,320 Iżda fl-linja tal-kmand, aħna tista 'sempliċement tip rm, għall tneħħi, 247 00:12:03,320 --> 00:12:05,580 u allura l-isem tal- fajl irridu li teħles minn. 248 00:12:05,580 --> 00:12:08,614 >> Issa, rm huwa ferm attent. 249 00:12:08,614 --> 00:12:11,280 Hija ma ħafna ta 'kontroll doppju, biex taċċerta ruħek li attwalment 250 00:12:11,280 --> 00:12:12,377 tixtieq li tħassar il-fajl. 251 00:12:12,377 --> 00:12:15,460 Ma tridx tagħmel xi żbalji, għaliex hemm l-ebda Recycle Bin hawn. 252 00:12:15,460 --> 00:12:17,010 Ladarba aħna tħassar fajl, hija marret. 253 00:12:17,010 --> 00:12:18,710 U hemm verament ebda mod biex jirkupraw dan. 254 00:12:18,710 --> 00:12:20,730 Allura aħna għandna bżonn li pretty bir-reqqa, u għalhekk rm 255 00:12:20,730 --> 00:12:23,110 se tkun verament attenti għalina. 256 00:12:23,110 --> 00:12:27,120 >> Mela ejja jmorru lura għall-IDE u jeħles ta 'dan il-fajl hi.txt 257 00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:29,640 li I ħolqot minuta ilu mal-kopja. 258 00:12:29,640 --> 00:12:30,560 Allura aħna qed fil-IDE. 259 00:12:30,560 --> 00:12:33,180 U jien jelenkaw il-kontenut ta 'direttorju tiegħi għal darb'oħra, biss biex tagħtina xi kuntest. 260 00:12:33,180 --> 00:12:36,500 I mean, tista 'tara li hemm hi.txt, li I ħolqot ftit ftit ilu. 261 00:12:36,500 --> 00:12:38,196 Issa, nixtieq li jeħles minnu. 262 00:12:38,196 --> 00:12:38,820 Kif nista 'nagħmlu dan? 263 00:12:38,820 --> 00:12:39,810 >> Għal darb'oħra, biss RM. 264 00:12:39,810 --> 00:12:46,220 So I tista tip hi.txt rm u hit Ikteb. 265 00:12:46,220 --> 00:12:47,970 U hemm rm benesseri verament attenti għalina 266 00:12:47,970 --> 00:12:50,178 u l-iżgurar għandna attwalment tixtieq li tħassar dan il-fajl. 267 00:12:50,178 --> 00:12:52,784 Do you verament tixtieq li tneħħi hi.txt regolari fajl vojt? 268 00:12:52,784 --> 00:12:55,200 Li jinsab biss bħal operattiva sistema, bħall-Windows jew Mac, 269 00:12:55,200 --> 00:12:56,310 li tista 'tkun familjari ma popping up 270 00:12:56,310 --> 00:12:58,770 il-kaxxa tgħid int verament żgur inti tixtieq li tagħmel dan. 271 00:12:58,770 --> 00:13:01,228 >> Jien pretty ċert nixtieq li din, hekk jien ser tip, yes-- 272 00:13:01,228 --> 00:13:04,390 jew I jistgħu wkoll biss tip y-- u hit Ikteb. 273 00:13:04,390 --> 00:13:08,620 U jekk I telenka l-kontenut ta 'tiegħi direttorju darb'oħra, hi.txt hija marret. 274 00:13:08,620 --> 00:13:10,000 Mhux ħażin, id-dritt? 275 00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:12,410 Ejja Kontroll istampa L, biss li teħles minn dan kollu Jittieħed 276 00:13:12,410 --> 00:13:14,900 u nikseb us lura fil il-quċċata 'l-iskrin. 277 00:13:14,900 --> 00:13:18,520 >> Issa, hemm mod biex rm short circuit, hekk 278 00:13:18,520 --> 00:13:20,090 li ma jitlob minna din il-kwistjoni. 279 00:13:20,090 --> 00:13:22,060 Aħna verament jafu irridu li teħles minn dan il-fajl, 280 00:13:22,060 --> 00:13:23,490 u aħna ma saħansitra jridu li jiġu staqsa l-mistoqsija. 281 00:13:23,490 --> 00:13:24,720 Kif nistgħu nagħmlu dan? 282 00:13:24,720 --> 00:13:27,180 Well, nistgħu jispeċifikaw bandiera extra, bħad aħna 283 00:13:27,180 --> 00:13:30,400 kien mal cp fejn aħna tista 'żżid il-bandiera -R, 284 00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:32,800 li recursively kopja fis-direttorju. 285 00:13:32,800 --> 00:13:35,630 Hemm bandiera oħra għall rm, li huwa -F, 286 00:13:35,630 --> 00:13:39,470 li huwa li seħħ rm li jagħmlu eżattament dak li aħna qed javżak li tagħmel. 287 00:13:39,470 --> 00:13:44,610 >> Mela ejja ngħidu li, issa, nixtieq biex jeħles mill-fajl hello.txt tiegħi. 288 00:13:44,610 --> 00:13:46,490 Ma rridx li wieħed jew. 289 00:13:46,490 --> 00:13:47,370 X'nista 'nagħmel? 290 00:13:47,370 --> 00:13:54,710 Well, I tista rm hello.txt-f. 291 00:13:54,710 --> 00:13:57,530 What do you think huwa jiġri hawn? 292 00:13:57,530 --> 00:13:58,030 Hija marret. 293 00:13:58,030 --> 00:13:59,363 Lanqas biss jistaqsu lili il-kwistjoni. 294 00:13:59,363 --> 00:14:03,600 U fil-fatt, jekk I telenka l-kontenut ta 'direttorju tiegħi darb'oħra, hija marret. 295 00:14:03,600 --> 00:14:05,750 M'hemm l-ebda jħoll hawn. 296 00:14:05,750 --> 00:14:09,554 hello.txt hija marret, u I ma kienx anki staqsa jekk jien ridt li titħassar. 297 00:14:09,554 --> 00:14:11,595 X'jiġri jekk I tixtieq li jeħles ta 'direttorju sħiħ? 298 00:14:11,595 --> 00:14:14,180 299 00:14:14,180 --> 00:14:17,039 Il-mod inti tagħmel dan huwa simili ħafna li kopja. 300 00:14:17,039 --> 00:14:19,080 Jekk inti tixtieq li tħassar tad-direttorju, inti ma biss 301 00:14:19,080 --> 00:14:22,121 tixtieq li tħassar il-direttorju, inti tixtieq li tħassar kollox ġewwa ta 'dan. 302 00:14:22,121 --> 00:14:26,250 U għalhekk inti tuża -R, biex recursively tħassar id-direttorju. 303 00:14:26,250 --> 00:14:28,600 >> Mela ejja rm pset2 -R. 304 00:14:28,600 --> 00:14:31,870 Jien ma attwalment jaħdmu fuq pset2, so I tista 'teħles minn dik id-direttorju. 305 00:14:31,870 --> 00:14:33,040 I hit Ikteb. 306 00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:35,050 Do I tixtieq li tneħħi l-direttorju, pset2? 307 00:14:35,050 --> 00:14:37,160 Iva, I do. 308 00:14:37,160 --> 00:14:41,150 U jekk I telenka l-kontenut ta ' direttorju tiegħi għal darb'oħra, hija marret. 309 00:14:41,150 --> 00:14:41,650 Kull dritt? 310 00:14:41,650 --> 00:14:43,739 >> Wieħed varjazzjoni aktar fuq din it-tema. 311 00:14:43,739 --> 00:14:46,280 So I ser ċar l-iskrin mill-ġdid, li tpoġġi kollox fil-quċċata. 312 00:14:46,280 --> 00:14:47,420 Hit ls. 313 00:14:47,420 --> 00:14:49,890 Issa, I tixtieq li jeħles ta 'direttorju pset3 tiegħi, 314 00:14:49,890 --> 00:14:52,810 u I really know I tixtieq li jeħles ta 'direttorju pset3 tiegħi. 315 00:14:52,810 --> 00:15:00,120 I tista recursively u bil-forza neħħi direttorju pset3 tiegħi. 316 00:15:00,120 --> 00:15:03,900 >> Issa, int ser tkun verament attenti meta inti qed tuża -rf rm. 317 00:15:03,900 --> 00:15:06,784 Kif inti program aktar, dan ser ikun xi ħaġa inti biss tagħmel verament malajr. 318 00:15:06,784 --> 00:15:08,200 U fil-fatt, I do dan il-ħin kollu. 319 00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:10,380 Iżda dan jista 'jwassal għal xi konsegwenzi diżastrużi, 320 00:15:10,380 --> 00:15:12,340 jekk inti aċċidentalment ħassar il-ħaġa ħażina. 321 00:15:12,340 --> 00:15:15,089 So I tixtieq inti tkun taf li din hija għażla disponibbli lilek, 322 00:15:15,089 --> 00:15:17,220 imma jużaha kemxejn, u l-użu b'kawtela. 323 00:15:17,220 --> 00:15:20,910 >> Naf għal fatt jien mhux qed jaħdem fuq il-problema tiegħi stabbiliti 3 jibqgħalu, hekk jien 324 00:15:20,910 --> 00:15:22,550 se jeħles kollha ta 'dawn il-fajls. 325 00:15:22,550 --> 00:15:26,420 U naf jien ma jridux li jiġi mistoqsi kull darba waħda jekk I tixtieq li tħassar 326 00:15:26,420 --> 00:15:30,640 fajl, hekk jien ser rm pset3 -rf. 327 00:15:30,640 --> 00:15:32,640 Lanqas biss jistaqsu lili jekk I riedu jeħles minnu. 328 00:15:32,640 --> 00:15:33,840 I hit ls. 329 00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:35,680 pset3 hija marret. 330 00:15:35,680 --> 00:15:39,730 Allura dak l-varjazzjonijiet li inti jistgħu jużaw biex jeħles mill-fajls ma rm. 331 00:15:39,730 --> 00:15:43,620 >> Kmand tal-linja aħħar kmand li l- ser pretty utli għalik 332 00:15:43,620 --> 00:15:46,391 huwa mv, li huwa qasir għall-pass. 333 00:15:46,391 --> 00:15:48,960 Nimxu Huwa bażikament ekwivalenti li tibdel isem. 334 00:15:48,960 --> 00:15:53,870 Jiċċaqlaq fajl minn post għall ieħor,-għajn sad-destinazzjoni. 335 00:15:53,870 --> 00:15:59,400 Ejja naraw fejn l-użu ta 'jistgħu jiċċaqalqu jkun handy fuq it-tieqa terminal. 336 00:15:59,400 --> 00:16:02,070 >> Hekk jien fil pset1 tiegħi tad-direttorju, u stajt ndunat 337 00:16:02,070 --> 00:16:03,860 xi ħaġa marret ħażin għal ftit. 338 00:16:03,860 --> 00:16:08,620 I kien qed jaħdem fuq problema greedy tiegħi, imma I aċċidentalment imsemmija hija Greddy. 339 00:16:08,620 --> 00:16:11,380 Allura meta I jippruvaw u run permezz check50, ma verament jaħdmu. 340 00:16:11,380 --> 00:16:12,630 I do jkollhom koppja ta 'għażliet. 341 00:16:12,630 --> 00:16:16,220 Stajna nagħmlu dak li aħna ghamilt qabel, li huwa li tagħmel kopja tal-fajl. 342 00:16:16,220 --> 00:16:23,960 I tista 'kopja greddy.c li greedy.c, id-dritt? 343 00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:25,580 Hit Ikteb. 344 00:16:25,580 --> 00:16:28,180 Nara li ż-żewġ fajls huma hemmhekk. 345 00:16:28,180 --> 00:16:36,337 U allura I jistgħu RM, li jitneħħew, greddy.c. 346 00:16:36,337 --> 00:16:37,170 Li gets rid ta 'dan. 347 00:16:37,170 --> 00:16:40,920 Allura li tkun taħdem, wara Nikkonferma li nixtieq li jeħles minnu. 348 00:16:40,920 --> 00:16:44,770 U jien effettivament ikollhom greddy.c isem ġdid lill greedy.c. 349 00:16:44,770 --> 00:16:48,460 I kkupjati, u mbagħad jitneħħew l-oriġinali. 350 00:16:48,460 --> 00:16:50,170 >> Iżda li l-proċess multi-pass. 351 00:16:50,170 --> 00:16:51,670 U ċertament, hemm mod aħjar. 352 00:16:51,670 --> 00:16:52,420 Fil-fatt, hemm. 353 00:16:52,420 --> 00:16:55,810 Mela ejja hit Kontroll L, biss biex iġibu din back up, 354 00:16:55,810 --> 00:16:58,680 u lista tal-kontenut ta 'direttorju tiegħi mill-ġdid. 355 00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:00,350 >> Mela ejja ngħidu, oh, I għamel żball. 356 00:17:00,350 --> 00:17:03,470 I attwalment verament ma jridux sejħa dan il-fajl greddy.c. 357 00:17:03,470 --> 00:17:11,369 Wieħed waqgħet swoop, I tista tip jimxu greedy.c li greddy.c. 358 00:17:11,369 --> 00:17:12,470 Hit Ikteb. 359 00:17:12,470 --> 00:17:15,210 U issa, I ma kellhomx li kopja u tneħħiha, 360 00:17:15,210 --> 00:17:16,880 I biss kienet f'pożizzjoni li semmi mill-ġdid. 361 00:17:16,880 --> 00:17:18,710 One-stop shopping. 362 00:17:18,710 --> 00:17:21,160 >> Issa, hemm ħafna ta 'xulxin utilitajiet bażiċi linja tal-kmand 363 00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:22,640 li tista 'tuża bl linja tal-kmand Linux. 364 00:17:22,640 --> 00:17:24,990 U aħna ser jkunu qed jiddiskutu ħafna minnhom fil-futur fil-CS50. 365 00:17:24,990 --> 00:17:27,948 Iżda għal issa, biss jkollna saqajn tiegħek wet ma 'xogħol ma' dan il terminal 366 00:17:27,948 --> 00:17:30,540 ambjent, dawn il-ħames kmandijiet għandhom jingħataw inti pretty ħafna 367 00:17:30,540 --> 00:17:34,990 fil tan-navigazzjoni madwar u taħdem ma 'fajls fil IDE tiegħek 368 00:17:34,990 --> 00:17:37,770 jew fi kwalunkwe Linux bbażata fuq sistema operattiva inti qed tuża. 369 00:17:37,770 --> 00:17:40,580 >> Jekk int kurjuż u inti tixtieq li inħarsu 'l quddiem ftit f'xi 370 00:17:40,580 --> 00:17:43,420 tal-kmandi linja tal-kmand aħna ser tkun qed tuża fil-futur, 371 00:17:43,420 --> 00:17:46,930 Hawnhekk hawn lista ta 'koppja mill-aktar komuni. 372 00:17:46,930 --> 00:17:47,820 Jien Doug Lloyd. 373 00:17:47,820 --> 00:17:49,860 Dan huwa CS50. 374 00:17:49,860 --> 00:17:52,598