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[? DAN ARMADARAS:?] Hi,
Nina [? Dan Armadaras?].

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Leo, tunakwenda
kuwa na kuangalia debugging.

4
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Si tu ni sisi kwenda
majadiliano juu ya baadhi ya mbinu,

5
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lakini pia tunakwenda kuangalia
baadhi ya vipengele zilizomo

6
00:00:09,280 --> 00:00:14,170
ndani ya CS50 IDE kwamba kuruhusu
kwa urahisi Debug mpango.

7
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>> Mfano mmoja tu wa
kitu ambacho kinaweza kwenda vibaya

8
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na ni kweli kitu
kwamba tumekuwa tayari kuona mbele.

9
00:00:18,730 --> 00:00:23,200
Katika kesi hiyo, hii ni C mpango
kwamba kupokea integer kutoka kwa mtumiaji,

10
00:00:23,200 --> 00:00:27,580
mgawanyiko ni wawili na hutoa
pato nyuma kwa mtumiaji.

11
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Sasa kutokana na kile tumeona
mapema katika mihadhara,

12
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Tunajua kwamba hii itakuwa kweli kusababisha
aina maalum ya matatizo ya mgawanyiko

13
00:00:34,370 --> 00:00:35,860
wakati tuna idadi isiyo ya kawaida.

14
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>> Hasa, tutaweza tu kutupa mbali
chochote baada ya uhakika decimal.

15
00:00:40,330 --> 00:00:43,170
Sasa, tunajua kwamba hii
hutokea kwa kuwa kesi.

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Na kama sisi kukimbia, tunaweza kuthibitisha
tuhuma zetu, kwanza, na kuandaa.

17
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Na kisha, kwa kuendesha na
kuingia idadi isiyo ya kawaida.

18
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>> Hii ni kitu kipya.

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Lakini hii ni kweli
Mfano wa mdudu kwamba

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unaweza kuwepo ndani ya mpango kubwa
kwamba inakuwa vigumu kufuatilia chini.

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Hata ingawa sisi kujua nini suala
ni, crux ya kweli ya jambo

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yapate kujaribu kutambua
hasa ambapo kosa hutokea,

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kutambua nini tatizo ambalo
ni, na kisha kurekebisha hayo.

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Hivyo kutoa hii kama mfano
ya nini kinaweza kuwa kitu

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kwamba sisi tayari kujua lakini inaweza kuzikwa
ndani ya mambo mengine ya kanuni.

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>> Hivyo kufungua chanzo hiki mengine
kificho faili kama mfano,

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tatizo hili mgawanyiko ni sasa
sehemu ya mpango kubwa.

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Bado inaweza kuwa ni kidogo
kidogo contrived, na sisi

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kuwa na uwezo wa urahisi
kutambua hilo, hasa

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tangu sisi ni kujadili tu hii.

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Lakini tunaweza kufikiri kuwa hii
Tatizo unaweza kuwepo kwa kiwango kikubwa.

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>> Kama mimi kukusanya hii na sasa
kukimbia, kuingia idadi isiyo ya kawaida,

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tunaweza kuona kwamba hatuwezi kupata just
pato ili tupate kuwa na matarajio.

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Katika kesi hii,
tunaweza kusema kwamba sisi

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wanataka kuhesabu wote wa idadi
kutoka kwa mmoja hadi baadhi ya idadi maalum.

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Na tunaweza kuona kwamba sisi
kuwa na aina ya masuala

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hapa kama sisi ni outputting, tu, 0
na 1 wakati sisi kutoa mchango wa 5.

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>> Kwa hiyo sisi tayari kujua kuwa
kuna tatizo hapa.

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Lakini hatuwezi kujua hasa
ambapo suala hili kweli lipo.

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Sasa ni moja ya njia ambazo
tunaweza kujaribu kurekebisha hii

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ni kitu ambacho tumekuwa
tayari imeanzishwa kwa.

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Tunaweza tu matumizi yake kwa kiwango kikubwa.

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>> On line 14, tuna
hii kazi printf,

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ambayo inaruhusu sisi magazeti nje hali
ya vipande mbalimbali wa habari.

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Na hii ni kitu ambacho
lazima kujiinua ndani ya mpango wako

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kwa kujaribu kufikiri nini hasa ni
kinachotokea katika mistari mbalimbali wa kanuni.

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Hivyo hata kama hii si
matokeo ya mwisho kwamba sisi kweli

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wanataka kuzalisha nje ya
mpango huu, sisi bado

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wanaweza kuwa na baadhi utatuzi
kauli ambapo sisi

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Unaweza kujaribu kufikiri just nini
kinachotokea ndani ya kificho yetu.

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>> Hivyo katika kesi hii, mimi
printf na utatuzi tag.

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Katika kesi hiyo, hii ni
kamba tu utatuzi

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kwamba mimi nina up-kuweka hivyo kwamba inakuwa
wazi kabisa katika pato la kanuni yangu

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nini ni kwamba nataka kuonyesha.

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Na pato hapa idadi
kwamba tuna computed.

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>> Katika kesi hiyo, mimi ili
wanataka kujua hasa ni

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kile kinachotokea kabla na
baada ya baadhi hesabu maalum.

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Hivyo mimi ili kutumia printf kabla
na baada ya kuwa mstari wa kanuni.

59
00:03:16,224 --> 00:03:18,640
Katika kesi hiyo, mimi naweza hata
kufanya wazi kidogo zaidi

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kwa kusema utatuzi kabla
na utatuzi baada hivyo

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kwamba mimi si kuwachanganya mwenyewe na
mistari mingi ili kuangalia kufanana.

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>> Sasa kama sisi recompile hii na kukimbia
hivyo, kuingia idadi kama tano tena,

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tunaweza kuona kwamba tuna
sasa pato kabla na baada ya

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na kupata kwamba hatujafanya wazi
mgawanyiko au wazi kuwa idadi ya

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kwamba sisi kweli wanataka kufanya.

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Sasa katika kesi hii, hii ni
si kweli pato wazi.

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Ni kweli matokeo wazi kuwa
tunataka nje ya mpango huu hasa.

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>> Na hii ni, tena,
kidogo contrived.

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Lakini, pengine, moja ya mambo ambayo
tunaweza kufanya kama vipimo alisema

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kwamba tunataka kugawanya hii kwa
2 na kuongeza 1-- hivyo kwa maneno mengine,

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tunataka pande zote up-- kisha
tuweze kujua kwamba tunaweza

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00:04:04,550 --> 00:04:08,060
kufanya jambo fulani, katika kesi hii.

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Sasa hapa tunajua kwamba tutakuwa na
uwezo wa kuongeza 1 na idadi yetu nusu.

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>> Hebu recompile hii
na kuthibitisha kwamba hii

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ni tabia kwa njia hiyo tunataka.

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Tunaweza kuona kwamba sasa kabla
kuwa, tuna namba 5.

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Baada ya kuwa, tuna namba 3,
ambayo kwa mujibu wa vipimo wetu,

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ni nini sisi alitaka kufanya.

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Lakini kama sisi kuangalia
pato hapa, tunaweza

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kuona kwamba tupate kuwa na mwingine
mdudu kabisa, ambayo ni

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kwamba sisi ni mapya kuhesabu wetu kutoka 0.

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>> Sasa tena, hili ni jambo
kuwa tumeona huko nyuma

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na tuweze kurekebisha kwa urahisi kabisa.

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Lakini katika kesi hii, sisi
pia alikuwa na faida

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ya kutumia kauli printf
moja kwa moja ndani ya kwa kitanzi

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kujua hasa ni wapi
makosa ambayo yalikuwa yakifanyika.

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Kauli Hivyo printf ni
muhimu sana katika kusaidia

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wewe kuamua wapi,
hasa katika chanzo code yako,

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makosa maalum linajitokeza.

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>> Na pia ni muhimu kutambua
kwamba, kama sisi ni kuandika kanuni,

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tupate kuwa na mawazo
kuhusu hali ya mpango huo.

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00:05:06,052 --> 00:05:08,510
Au tupate kuwa na mawazo
kuhusu nini sehemu ya mpango

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ni kweli sahihi au sio sahihi wakati
baadaye kama tunajenga mpango huo

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na kuifanya kuwa sehemu ya
tata na mpango kubwa

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kwamba tunatambua kwamba baadhi ya nyanja
ya kwamba ni kweli Buggy.

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>> Kutumia printf unaweza kweli kusaidia
nyembamba chini na kubaini

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mikoa ya mpango ambayo inaweza isiwe
kuwa na tabia hasa kwa njia hiyo sisi

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kutarajia, kulingana na mawazo yetu.

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Lakini kuna zana nyingine
inapatikana, kama vile,

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kwamba kuruhusu sisi kujaribu takwimu
nje ambapo makosa linajitokeza

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na pia, hasa, ni mambo
yanayotokea ndani ya mpango.

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>> Hivyo kwa kutumia printf ni sana
muhimu wakati tunataka

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kutambua maeneo maalum ya
mpango huo una baadhi ya mdudu.

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Lakini pia inakuwa
tedious baada ya muda.

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Katika kesi hiyo, hii ni
Mpango rahisi

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na vigezo moja au mbili tu.

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Na inakuwa rahisi sana kwa sisi
magazeti nje thamani ya vigezo wale

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katika mazingira ya mpango kubwa.

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>> Lakini tuwe na tofauti
mpango huo ina vigezo vingi.

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Na inaweza kuwa kabisa
rahisi kutumia printf

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kujaribu kufanya tathmini ya kile kinachotokea
Kila mmoja vigezo wale

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kama mpango huo ni utekelezaji.

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Kuna mpango huo upo
aitwaye mpango HatiJava.

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Katika kesi hiyo, moja kwamba sisi
matumizi ni GNU HatiJava, au GDB,

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ambayo inaruhusu sisi kukagua ndani
utendaji kazi wa mpango katika zaidi

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kina njia.

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>> Tunaweza kweli kutekeleza
GDB kutoka mstari amri

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hapa kwa kifupi kuandika GDB na
amri kwamba tunataka Debug.

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Katika kesi hiyo, kuhesabu.

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Sasa katika kesi hiyo, tunaweza kuona kwamba
inatuleta haraka kwamba anasema GDB.

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Na tunaweza kweli
kutekeleza amri ya GDB

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kwa kweli kuanza utekelezaji wa
mpango, kuacha ni katika maeneo fulani,

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kutathmini vigezo na
kukagua vigezo kwamba

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zipo katika hali mpango
wakati huo fulani,

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na kadhalika na kadhalika.

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Ni hutoa mengi ya nguvu kwetu.

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>> Lakini tu hivyo hutokea
kuwa IDE CS50 pia

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hutoa GUI au mtumiaji
interface kwa GDB kwamba

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00:07:05,870 --> 00:07:11,120
inaruhusu sisi kufanya hivyo bila wanaohitaji
amri Mpya interface chochote

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au wakati wote hata.

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Njia ambayo mimi wanaweza kupata kwamba
ni kwa kutumia utatuzi kifungo

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katika sana juu ya CS50 IDE.

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Sasa katika siku za nyuma, tuna nini
kuonekana ni kwamba sisi kutumia amri

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mstari wa kukusanya na kisha kukimbia mpango.

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00:07:27,660 --> 00:07:29,790
>> Kifungo utatuzi gani
wote wawili wa hatua hizo.

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Lakini pia kuleta up
HatiJava tabo juu ya haki mbali

137
00:07:34,380 --> 00:07:38,280
ambayo inaruhusu sisi kukagua aina
ya mali ya mpango

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kama ni utekelezaji.

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00:07:40,500 --> 00:07:44,280
Kama mimi bonyeza utatuzi, katika hii
kesi, ni kuleta up

140
00:07:44,280 --> 00:07:48,230
tabo mpya katika console
dirisha chini kabisa.

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00:07:48,230 --> 00:07:51,160
>> Na unaweza kuona kwamba tabo hii ina
baadhi ya taarifa juu sana.

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00:07:51,160 --> 00:07:52,670
Na tunaweza kwa kiasi kikubwa kupuuza hii.

143
00:07:52,670 --> 00:07:54,800
Lakini moja ya mambo
kwamba tunataka taarifa

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00:07:54,800 --> 00:07:57,170
ni kwamba matokeo
kitu kimoja kwamba sisi

145
00:07:57,170 --> 00:08:03,000
bila kupata kama sisi alijaribu kukimbia kufanya juu ya
C A mpango dirisha wastaafu.

146
00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:06,230
>> Hapa, tunaweza kuona ni mbio Clang,
na ina aina ya bendera,

147
00:08:06,230 --> 00:08:12,660
na ni kuandaa count.c faili wetu,
ambayo ilikuwa tabo kuchaguliwa kwa wakati

148
00:08:12,660 --> 00:08:15,100
kwamba mimi kugonga utatuzi.

149
00:08:15,100 --> 00:08:18,010
Hivyo hii ni muhimu sana kwa sababu
sasa kwa kutumia hii ya kifungo utatuzi,

150
00:08:18,010 --> 00:08:23,280
sisi wakati huo huo unaweza kukusanya na kisha
kutekeleza mpango kwamba sisi kweli

151
00:08:23,280 --> 00:08:24,460
unataka kukimbia.

152
00:08:24,460 --> 00:08:27,880
>> Moja ya bendera kwamba ni
muhimu, katika kesi hii,

153
00:08:27,880 --> 00:08:30,190
tumekuwa kweli wamekuwa wakitumia
kwa muda mrefu

154
00:08:30,190 --> 00:08:32,450
lakini pia tu alifanya mkono baadhi
kutikiswa [inaudible], ambayo

155
00:08:32,450 --> 00:08:33,820
ni hii moja hapa hapa.

156
00:08:33,820 --> 00:08:35,790
Katika Clang, inasema -ggdb3.

157
00:08:35,790 --> 00:08:38,570

158
00:08:38,570 --> 00:08:41,250
Katika kesi hiyo, ni nini sisi ni
kuwaambia Clang, mkusanyaji yetu,

159
00:08:41,250 --> 00:08:43,820
ni kwamba tunataka kukusanya mpango wetu.

160
00:08:43,820 --> 00:08:46,810
Lakini pia kutoa kile ni
ishara aitwaye maelezo

161
00:08:46,810 --> 00:08:50,940
ili compiler kweli wanapata
kwa habari nyingi za msingi

162
00:08:50,940 --> 00:08:52,610
zilizomo ndani ya mpango huo.

163
00:08:52,610 --> 00:08:55,260
>> Zaidi hasa, idadi
ya kazi kwamba mimi,

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00:08:55,260 --> 00:08:58,000
majina ya kazi hizo,
vigezo, aina

165
00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:01,730
kwamba vigezo wale ni, na aina
ya mambo mengine ambayo itasaidia HatiJava

166
00:09:01,730 --> 00:09:04,350
kufanya operesheni zake.

167
00:09:04,350 --> 00:09:06,600
Sasa kuna kitu kingine
hiyo ni muhimu kutaja

168
00:09:06,600 --> 00:09:10,280
wakati sisi ni kujadili mbio
Mpango kwa njia hii.

169
00:09:10,280 --> 00:09:13,660
>> Taarifa kwamba ina kweli
kuletwa hadi tabo mpya katika console yetu

170
00:09:13,660 --> 00:09:14,780
pamoja chini.

171
00:09:14,780 --> 00:09:18,600
Hatuna tena wa kiutendaji
moja kwa moja na dirisha wastaafu.

172
00:09:18,600 --> 00:09:21,420
Lakini tabo hii mpya ni
kweli dirisha wastaafu.

173
00:09:21,420 --> 00:09:26,710
Ni tu ni maalum kwa mbio
mpango huo tuna umba.

174
00:09:26,710 --> 00:09:29,270
>> Taarifa kwamba chini, katika
pamoja na baadhi ya pato

175
00:09:29,270 --> 00:09:33,500
na Clang compiler na GDB,
ambayo tunaweza kwa kiasi kikubwa kupuuza,

176
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ni kweli inaonyesha pato la
mpango wetu chini kabisa.

177
00:09:37,570 --> 00:09:41,240
Sasa ni muhimu kutambua
kwamba dirisha hili moja kwa kweli

178
00:09:41,240 --> 00:09:43,360
nitakuonyesha
pato kutoka mpango wako

179
00:09:43,360 --> 00:09:47,190
lakini pia wanaweza kukubali pembejeo
kwa mpango huo, pia.

180
00:09:47,190 --> 00:09:49,260
>> Hivyo taarifa kwamba anasema
tafadhali kuingia idadi,

181
00:09:49,260 --> 00:09:53,050
ambayo ni pato sawa kwamba tulikuwa na
alikuwa katika dirisha terminal kabla.

182
00:09:53,050 --> 00:09:55,510
Lakini ni sasa inavyoonekana katika tabo mpya.

183
00:09:55,510 --> 00:09:56,550
Naweza pembejeo idadi.

184
00:09:56,550 --> 00:10:00,900
Na itakuwa kweli
kazi kama tunatarajia

185
00:10:00,900 --> 00:10:05,890
kuonyesha sisi utatuzi yetu, pato,
pato ambayo inaweza kuwa Buggy,

186
00:10:05,890 --> 00:10:07,010
kama tumeona kabla.

187
00:10:07,010 --> 00:10:10,460
Na chini sana, ni
kweli ina baadhi pato ziada

188
00:10:10,460 --> 00:10:14,550
kutoka GDP tu kusema kwamba
mpango huu amekamilisha.

189
00:10:14,550 --> 00:10:16,655
>> Sasa kama wewe aliona katika hii
kukimbia hasa kupitia,

190
00:10:16,655 --> 00:10:19,370
haikuwa hasa
muhimu kwa sababu hata

191
00:10:19,370 --> 00:10:23,740
ingawa tulikuwa orodha HatiJava kuja
up, hii ilikuwa bado mbio mpango.

192
00:10:23,740 --> 00:10:26,790
Wakati hakuna uhakika alifanya hivyo kweli
kutulia utekelezaji kwa ajili yetu

193
00:10:26,790 --> 00:10:30,767
kuwa na uwezo wa kukagua wote wa
vigezo zilizomo ndani.

194
00:10:30,767 --> 00:10:32,850
Kuna kitu kingine
kwamba tuna kufanya ili

195
00:10:32,850 --> 00:10:36,910
kupata GDB kutambua kwamba tunataka
kutulia utekelezaji wa mpango

196
00:10:36,910 --> 00:10:42,820
na si tu kuruhusu kuendelea
kawaida kama tunataka katika kesi nyingine yoyote.

197
00:10:42,820 --> 00:10:45,530
>> Ili kutulia utekelezaji,
katika baadhi mstari maalum,

198
00:10:45,530 --> 00:10:47,830
tunahitaji kujenga nini
aitwaye hatua ya mapumziko.

199
00:10:47,830 --> 00:10:52,670
Na mapumziko uhakika ni urahisi sana umba
katika hii CS50 IDE kwa kuchukua mouse yako

200
00:10:52,670 --> 00:10:57,090
na kubonyeza moja kwa moja kwa upande wa kushoto
baadhi maalum mstari idadi.

201
00:10:57,090 --> 00:10:59,920
Mara baada ya mimi kufanya hivyo, nyekundu dot
inaonekana, ambayo inaonyesha

202
00:10:59,920 --> 00:11:02,300
kwamba kuwa mstari ni sasa hatua ya mapumziko.

203
00:11:02,300 --> 00:11:07,540
>> Na wakati mwingine kwamba mimi kukimbia GDB, ni
kuacha utekelezaji wakati huo kuvunja uhakika

204
00:11:07,540 --> 00:11:10,280
ilipo kuwa mstari wa kanuni.

205
00:11:10,280 --> 00:11:12,230
Sasa hii ni muhimu
Jambo kutambua

206
00:11:12,230 --> 00:11:16,140
kuwa ni si lazima
kesi hiyo kila mstari wa kanuni

207
00:11:16,140 --> 00:11:17,880
ni kweli kupatikana.

208
00:11:17,880 --> 00:11:23,780
Kama ningekuwa na kujenga kazi
hapa, kwa example-- utupu f--

209
00:11:23,780 --> 00:11:31,230
na tu kufanya mstari magazeti here-- hodi
world-- kama mimi kamwe kuwaita kazi hii,

210
00:11:31,230 --> 00:11:34,770
itakuwa kesi hiyo,
kama mimi kuweka hatua ya mapumziko hapa,

211
00:11:34,770 --> 00:11:36,220
kazi kamwe kuitwa.

212
00:11:36,220 --> 00:11:38,310
Na kwa hiyo, hii
Hasa hatua ya mapumziko

213
00:11:38,310 --> 00:11:43,040
kamwe kweli kutulia
utekelezaji wa mpango huo.

214
00:11:43,040 --> 00:11:48,020
>> Basi hebu kusema kwamba mimi kwa usahihi kuunda
hatua ya mapumziko juu ya baadhi mstari wa kanuni

215
00:11:48,020 --> 00:11:50,340
ambayo kwa kweli ni lazima ifanyike.

216
00:11:50,340 --> 00:11:53,470
Sasa katika kesi hii, hii ni
mstari wa kwanza katika kazi kuu.

217
00:11:53,470 --> 00:11:56,630
Hivyo ni shaka kuwa kesi
kwamba, kwa haraka kama mimi kuanza utekelezaji,

218
00:11:56,630 --> 00:11:58,580
mstari wa kwanza kabisa utafikiwa.

219
00:11:58,580 --> 00:12:00,230
GDB pause utekelezaji.

220
00:12:00,230 --> 00:12:04,100
Na kisha, mimi kuwa na uwezo wa
kuingiliana na HatiJava.

221
00:12:04,100 --> 00:12:08,480
>> Unaweza kuweka mistari mingi kama
breakpoints, kama ungependa.

222
00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:11,365
Tunaweza pia kujenga line up
hapa katika sehemu hii ya maadili

223
00:12:11,365 --> 00:12:12,490
kwamba kamwe kufikiwa.

224
00:12:12,490 --> 00:12:14,744
Na tunaweza pia kuweka moja zaidi hapa chini.

225
00:12:14,744 --> 00:12:16,660
Sababu kwamba tunataka
wanataka kufanya hivyo tutaweza

226
00:12:16,660 --> 00:12:19,119
kwenda katika kidogo zaidi
undani katika muda tu.

227
00:12:19,119 --> 00:12:21,660
Hivyo kwa sasa, napenda tu afya
haya ya nyongeza ya mapumziko pointi

228
00:12:21,660 --> 00:12:24,940
ili tuweze kuangalia nini kinatokea
wakati mimi na single mapumziko moja

229
00:12:24,940 --> 00:12:27,650
hatua katika mpango wangu.

230
00:12:27,650 --> 00:12:29,410
Nimekufanya baadhi
mabadiliko ya mpango huu.

231
00:12:29,410 --> 00:12:30,750
Hivyo nahitaji kuokoa yake.

232
00:12:30,750 --> 00:12:34,490
Mimi bonyeza utatuzi ili niweze
kuanza kukusanya na kisha

233
00:12:34,490 --> 00:12:36,880
utekelezaji wa HatiJava.

234
00:12:36,880 --> 00:12:40,632
>> Tutaona kwamba, baada ya muda mfupi,
mstari kwamba sisi kuchaguliwa kama mapumziko

235
00:12:40,632 --> 00:12:43,360
hatua ni yalionyesha katika njano.

236
00:12:43,360 --> 00:12:47,440
Tunaweza pia taarifa kwamba katika
haki juu katika utatuzi jopo

237
00:12:47,440 --> 00:12:50,940
kwamba kunyamaza icon limegeuka
ndani ya kidogo kucheza icon.

238
00:12:50,940 --> 00:12:54,710
Hii ina maana kwamba tuna pause
utekelezaji, katika kesi hii tu.

239
00:12:54,710 --> 00:12:57,840
Na kupiga kifungo Play ingekuwa
kuruhusu sisi kuendelea utekelezaji

240
00:12:57,840 --> 00:13:00,000
katika hatua hiyo maalum.

241
00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:03,240
>> Taarifa kwamba kuna wanandoa wa wengine
vifungo inapatikana katika hii jopo utatuzi,

242
00:13:03,240 --> 00:13:04,220
vilevile.

243
00:13:04,220 --> 00:13:09,470
Hatua ya juu, ambayo inaruhusu mimi
kutekeleza kwamba mstari mmoja wa kanuni

244
00:13:09,470 --> 00:13:14,030
na hatua ya juu kwa kuwa mstari wa
ijayo moja, ambayo, katika kesi hii,

245
00:13:14,030 --> 00:13:17,060
itakuwa na maana kwamba printf
Kauli ni kunyongwa.

246
00:13:17,060 --> 00:13:22,310
Na itakuwa kisha kutulia
utekelezaji kwenye mstari 13, kama hivyo.

247
00:13:22,310 --> 00:13:25,090
>> Na pia kuna hatua
ndani ya kazi, ambayo

248
00:13:25,090 --> 00:13:28,950
ni muhimu kama mimi tumemuumba mengine
kazi mahali pengine katika kanuni chanzo.

249
00:13:28,950 --> 00:13:31,420
Na mimi nataka hatua katika
kazi hizo badala ya

250
00:13:31,420 --> 00:13:33,050
kutekeleza kazi hiyo kwa ujumla.

251
00:13:33,050 --> 00:13:37,279
Lakini tutaangalia zaidi katika hatua
ndani ya kazi katika muda tu.

252
00:13:37,279 --> 00:13:40,320
Sasa angalia baadhi ya mambo mengine ambayo
kweli zipo ndani ya hii jopo utatuzi.

253
00:13:40,320 --> 00:13:44,110
>> Tuna jopo hili aitwaye
piga stack, ambayo inaonyesha sisi

254
00:13:44,110 --> 00:13:45,300
ambapo hasa sisi ni.

255
00:13:45,300 --> 00:13:48,550
Katika kesi hiyo, sisi ni ndani ya
ya kazi kuu.

256
00:13:48,550 --> 00:13:50,880
Muswada yetu inaitwa count.c.

257
00:13:50,880 --> 00:13:53,820
Na sisi kutokea kwa kuwa juu ya
mstari 13, safu moja, ambayo

258
00:13:53,820 --> 00:13:58,950
ni just nini mkoa yalionyesha
ya chanzo kanuni inaonyesha, kama vile.

259
00:13:58,950 --> 00:14:02,435
>> Sasa angalia kwamba hii pia inaonyesha
chini ya kifungu cha kutofautiana ndani

260
00:14:02,435 --> 00:14:06,710
wote wa vigezo kwamba
zipo ndani ya kazi hii.

261
00:14:06,710 --> 00:14:08,930
Ni muhimu kutambua
kwamba wote wa vigezo

262
00:14:08,930 --> 00:14:12,580
itaonekana katika kutofautiana hii mitaa
sehemu ya ndani kazi,

263
00:14:12,580 --> 00:14:14,380
hata kabla yanatokana.

264
00:14:14,380 --> 00:14:19,160
Tunaweza kuona hapa kwamba tuna kutofautiana
aitwaye num, ina chaguo-msingi thamani ya 0,

265
00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:21,280
na ni wa aina int.

266
00:14:21,280 --> 00:14:24,110
>> Sasa kabla ya sisi kweli initialize
wote wa vigezo hivi,

267
00:14:24,110 --> 00:14:26,685
tuko si lazima
uhakika na kuona thamani ya 0.

268
00:14:26,685 --> 00:14:29,200
Na kutegemea kunyonga mengine
kwa kuwa kazi

269
00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:32,020
na hali ya kumbukumbu yako wakati
wewe kweli kuendesha mpango huu,

270
00:14:32,020 --> 00:14:34,605
unaweza kupata kwamba wewe
hawaoni maadili ya 0

271
00:14:34,605 --> 00:14:36,550
na, badala yake, baadhi ya wengine nambari mambo.

272
00:14:36,550 --> 00:14:38,390
>> Lakini msiwe na wasiwasi juu ya kwamba.

273
00:14:38,390 --> 00:14:44,610
Ni si kwenda kuwa muhimu mpaka
wewe kweli initialize thamani.

274
00:14:44,610 --> 00:14:49,630
Sasa katika kesi hiyo, tunaweza kuona kwamba
I have kazi baadhi ya matokeo.

275
00:14:49,630 --> 00:14:52,131
Na mimi nina, sasa hivi, paused utekelezaji.

276
00:14:52,131 --> 00:14:53,880
Lakini katika kesi hii, ni nini
Mimi kwa kweli wanataka kufanya

277
00:14:53,880 --> 00:14:58,060
ni kwa sasa hatua juu ya mstari huu
wa kanuni ili niweze kweli

278
00:14:58,060 --> 00:15:04,390
swala user kwa kuwa int kwamba
tunataka kutumia katika mpango wetu.

279
00:15:04,390 --> 00:15:07,060
>> Sasa katika kesi hiyo, wakati
Mimi kugonga hatua ya juu, ilani

280
00:15:07,060 --> 00:15:11,940
kwamba Pause au tuseme Resume
kifungo imebadilika kwa hii kifungo Pause

281
00:15:11,940 --> 00:15:14,022
kwa sababu kanuni hii ni kweli utekelezaji.

282
00:15:14,022 --> 00:15:15,730
Kile kinachotokea
sasa hivi ni kwamba ni

283
00:15:15,730 --> 00:15:21,630
kusubiri kwa ajili yetu ili pembejeo baadhi ya taarifa
kama tunaweza kuona na pato yetu maandishi

284
00:15:21,630 --> 00:15:23,600
chini sana.

285
00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:25,787
>> Hivyo sasa hivi, hii ni
si kweli paused,

286
00:15:25,787 --> 00:15:28,620
hata kama, aina ya, inaonekana
kuwa kwa sababu hakuna kitu kinachotokea.

287
00:15:28,620 --> 00:15:32,360
Lakini tu hivyo hutokea kwamba katika
kesi yangu maalum kwenye mstari 13,

288
00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:34,210
Mimi nina kusubiri kwa pembejeo mtumiaji.

289
00:15:34,210 --> 00:15:39,130
Na hivyo GDB haina uwezo wa kukagua
Mpango kama ni mbio.

290
00:15:39,130 --> 00:15:43,370
>> Sasa wakati mwingine kwamba mimi kuingia baadhi
input-- hivyo mimi itabidi kuingia kwamba namba 5,

291
00:15:43,370 --> 00:15:46,140
kama tumeona katika
past-- kugonga kurudi, na sisi

292
00:15:46,140 --> 00:15:51,430
taarifa kwamba, mara moja, GDB anapo
na, tena, inaonyesha mstari wa pili.

293
00:15:51,430 --> 00:15:55,320
Lakini taarifa kwamba sasa, kama
matokeo ya yetu inputting thamani,

294
00:15:55,320 --> 00:15:58,930
tuna updated thamani kwamba ndani ya
ya vigezo yetu ya ndani, ambayo

295
00:15:58,930 --> 00:16:05,560
Ni muhimu sana kujua hasa ni
nini idadi hiyo ilikuwa katika kumbukumbu.

296
00:16:05,560 --> 00:16:10,650
>> Sasa naweza kuruhusu mpango huu kuendelea
kucheza mpaka mwisho wa utekelezaji wake

297
00:16:10,650 --> 00:16:12,570
kwa kupiga Resume.

298
00:16:12,570 --> 00:16:16,410
Tunaweza kuona kwamba haraka sana
anafanya kumaliza mpango wa utekelezaji

299
00:16:16,410 --> 00:16:19,790
na pato la sawa kwamba sisi
nayo kwanza, HatiJava kufunga,

300
00:16:19,790 --> 00:16:23,170
na sasa mpango huu
kimesimama kabisa.

301
00:16:23,170 --> 00:16:25,320
>> Mimi zinaonyesha kuwa tu kwa
madhumuni ya kuona nini

302
00:16:25,320 --> 00:16:27,280
hutokea wakati sisi kweli kugonga Resume.

303
00:16:27,280 --> 00:16:30,640
Lakini sisi kweli ni kwenda
wanataka kurudi nyuma katika mpango huu

304
00:16:30,640 --> 00:16:33,820
ili tuweze kujaribu Debug
just nini kinatokea.

305
00:16:33,820 --> 00:16:37,980
Sasa kwa kuwa mimi nina kutumia HatiJava, nipate
haja hizi kauli utatuzi printf.

306
00:16:37,980 --> 00:16:43,860
>> Ili niweze kuondoa yao kama nitafanya
sasa tu kwenda nyuma kificho wetu rahisi

307
00:16:43,860 --> 00:16:45,950
kwamba tulikuwa na wakati iliyopita.

308
00:16:45,950 --> 00:16:48,790
Sasa wakati mimi kuokoa
mpango na nitafanya hivyo,

309
00:16:48,790 --> 00:16:53,700
itakuwa, tena, kwenda kuwa awali
kuvunja hatua hiyo nilikuwa kwenye mstari 11.

310
00:16:53,700 --> 00:16:57,700
Na mimi itabidi kuwa na uwezo wa kukagua
vigezo wangu kama nataka kufanya.

311
00:16:57,700 --> 00:17:00,695
>> Ni hivyo tu hutokea kwamba hii
sehemu ni si ya kuvutia sana,

312
00:17:00,695 --> 00:17:04,364
Nami najua kuwa mimi nina kwenda
magazeti nje kauli hii.

313
00:17:04,364 --> 00:17:05,280
Tafadhali kuingia idadi.

314
00:17:05,280 --> 00:17:08,099
Na kisha, najua kwamba mimi nina kwenda
kuuliza mtumiaji kwa kuwa integer.

315
00:17:08,099 --> 00:17:13,329
Hivyo labda, mimi kwa kweli wanataka kuhamia yangu
kuvunja hatua kidogo zaidi chini.

316
00:17:13,329 --> 00:17:16,710
>> Unaweza kuondoa kuvunja pointi
kwa kubonyeza, tena, moja kwa moja

317
00:17:16,710 --> 00:17:18,460
upande wa kushoto wa mstari huo idadi.

318
00:17:18,460 --> 00:17:22,200
Hiyo nyekundu dot kutoweka, ikionyesha
kwamba kuwa hatua ya mapumziko sasa ni gone.

319
00:17:22,200 --> 00:17:24,780
Sasa katika kesi hiyo,
utekelezaji imekuwa umesitishwa.

320
00:17:24,780 --> 00:17:27,770
Na hivyo si kweli kwenda
kuanza tena katika mfano huo.

321
00:17:27,770 --> 00:17:30,210
Lakini siwezi kuweka mapumziko
uhakika kidogo baadaye.

322
00:17:30,210 --> 00:17:33,880
>> Na wakati mimi sasa kuanza yangu
kanuni, ni vitaanza na kuwaambia

323
00:17:33,880 --> 00:17:36,190
hatua ya kuwa hatua ya mapumziko.

324
00:17:36,190 --> 00:17:37,374
Tena, mimi kugonga Resume.

325
00:17:37,374 --> 00:17:39,040
Haionekani kama kitu chochote kinachotokea.

326
00:17:39,040 --> 00:17:41,450
Lakini hiyo ni kwa sababu yangu
kanuni ni kusubiri kwa ajili ya pembejeo.

327
00:17:41,450 --> 00:17:47,900
Mimi wataingia namba 5, hit Enter, na
sasa ijayo hatua ya mapumziko utapigwa.

328
00:17:47,900 --> 00:17:50,570
>> Sasa katika kesi hiyo, hii
ni mstari wa kanuni

329
00:17:50,570 --> 00:17:53,820
kwamba, kabla, sisi alijua
kilichotokea kwa kuwa Buggy.

330
00:17:53,820 --> 00:17:57,590
Basi hebu kutathmini nini kinatokea
katika hasa hatua hii kwa wakati.

331
00:17:57,590 --> 00:18:02,620
Wakati line ni yalionyesha, hii
mstari bado kunyongwa.

332
00:18:02,620 --> 00:18:06,490
Hivyo katika kesi hii, tunaweza kuona
kwamba mimi kuwa na idadi, ambayo

333
00:18:06,490 --> 00:18:11,610
Nina integer kuitwa
num ambayo ina thamani 5.

334
00:18:11,610 --> 00:18:15,090
Na mimi nina kwenda kuwa kufanya
baadhi math juu ya idadi hiyo.

335
00:18:15,090 --> 00:18:20,130
>> Kama mimi hatua juu ya kwamba, tunaweza
taarifa kwamba thamani ya num

336
00:18:20,130 --> 00:18:23,780
imebadilika kwa mujibu wa
hesabu kwamba tumekuwa kweli kufanyika.

337
00:18:23,780 --> 00:18:26,810
Na sasa kwamba sisi ni
ndani ya hii kwa kitanzi

338
00:18:26,810 --> 00:18:29,090
au kwa kuwa sasa kwa kitanzi
yenyewe ni yalionyesha,

339
00:18:29,090 --> 00:18:32,450
tunaona kwamba tuna mpya
variable kuitwa i kwamba

340
00:18:32,450 --> 00:18:35,370
ni kwenda kutumika kwa kuwa kwa kitanzi.

341
00:18:35,370 --> 00:18:38,230
>> Sasa kumbuka kabla ya kuwa mimi
alieleza kuwa wakati mwingine uko

342
00:18:38,230 --> 00:18:43,470
kwenda kuona baadhi ya mambo aina
idadi kama chaguo-msingi kabla ya idadi hiyo

343
00:18:43,470 --> 00:18:45,530
au kwamba kutofautiana ni
kweli initialized.

344
00:18:45,530 --> 00:18:49,040
Tunaweza kuona kwamba just
hapa katika kutofautiana hii

345
00:18:49,040 --> 00:18:51,345
kuitwa i, ambayo ina si
bado initialized

346
00:18:51,345 --> 00:18:53,560
wakati wa kuonyesha.

347
00:18:53,560 --> 00:18:57,070
Lakini tunaweza kuona kwamba ina baadhi ya idadi
kwamba tunataka si kweli kutarajia.

348
00:18:57,070 --> 00:18:57,620
>> Hiyo ni sawa.

349
00:18:57,620 --> 00:18:59,661
Msiwe na wasiwasi kuhusu hilo
kwa sababu tuna si kweli

350
00:18:59,661 --> 00:19:04,970
initialized idadi hiyo mpaka mimi
hatua ya juu ya mstari huu na thamani

351
00:19:04,970 --> 00:19:08,560
i imekuwa initialized kwa thamani 1.

352
00:19:08,560 --> 00:19:11,400
Hivyo kuona kwamba hiyo ni kweli
kesi, hebu hatua ya juu.

353
00:19:11,400 --> 00:19:14,420
Sasa tunaweza kuona kwamba kuwa
mstari imekuwa kunyongwa.

354
00:19:14,420 --> 00:19:17,000
Na sisi sasa ni kuonyesha
mstari huu printf.

355
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:22,230
>> Na sasa tunaweza kuona jinsi maadili yetu
ya i na 3 vilivyobadilika.

356
00:19:22,230 --> 00:19:26,450
Hii ni muhimu sana kufanya, kwa kweli,
ni hatua juu ya mistari mara kwa mara.

357
00:19:26,450 --> 00:19:30,480
Na unaweza kupata nini hasa
ikitokea ndani ya yako kwa kitanzi

358
00:19:30,480 --> 00:19:33,660
na nini kinatokea kwa
vigezo ndani ya kwamba kwa kitanzi

359
00:19:33,660 --> 00:19:39,200
kama kwamba utekelezaji wa mpango
hutokea hatua moja kwa wakati.

360
00:19:39,200 --> 00:19:41,110
>> Sasa katika hatua hii, mimi
kupitiwa juu tu ya kutosha

361
00:19:41,110 --> 00:19:44,210
kwamba mimi niko sasa mwishoni mwa mpango wangu.

362
00:19:44,210 --> 00:19:46,980
Kama mimi hatua juu ya kwamba, itakuwa
kweli kusitisha utekelezaji

363
00:19:46,980 --> 00:19:48,860
kama tumeona huko nyuma.

364
00:19:48,860 --> 00:19:52,110
Napenda kuanzisha upya hii, lakini tena, hivyo
niweze uhakika kitu kingine nje,

365
00:19:52,110 --> 00:19:53,320
vilevile.

366
00:19:53,320 --> 00:19:55,350
>> Katika kesi hiyo, ni
sasa kuuliza mimi, tena,

367
00:19:55,350 --> 00:19:57,100
kwa idadi, ambayo
Mimi, tena, kuingia.

368
00:19:57,100 --> 00:20:00,300
Lakini wakati huu, mimi nina kwenda kuingia katika
idadi kubwa ili kwa kitanzi

369
00:20:00,300 --> 00:20:02,540
Itakuwa iterate zaidi ya mara.

370
00:20:02,540 --> 00:20:06,090
Katika kesi hiyo, mimi nina kwenda
kuingia thamani ya 11.

371
00:20:06,090 --> 00:20:08,390
>> Sasa tena kwa sababu Ningependa kuweka
hatua ya mapumziko katika mstari 15,

372
00:20:08,390 --> 00:20:10,490
itakuja kuonyesha kwamba mstari.

373
00:20:10,490 --> 00:20:12,980
Tunaweza kuona kwamba wetu
namba 11 ni kwa usahihi

374
00:20:12,980 --> 00:20:15,560
kuwakilishwa katika vigezo yetu ya ndani.

375
00:20:15,560 --> 00:20:22,460
Wanazidi juu kwamba, tunaweza sasa
kuangalia nini kinatokea kwa thamani yetu ya i

376
00:20:22,460 --> 00:20:25,680
kama sisi kuendelea ndani ya hii kwa kitanzi.

377
00:20:25,680 --> 00:20:31,960
Anapata incremented kila sisi wakati
kufikia juu ya kwamba kwa kitanzi.

378
00:20:31,960 --> 00:20:35,110
>> Sasa ni moja ya mambo ambayo huenda
kuwa na manufaa kwa kufanya wakati wa utekelezaji

379
00:20:35,110 --> 00:20:40,490
la mpango huu ni kwa ajili yangu na kwa kweli
mabadiliko vigezo midstream kuona

380
00:20:40,490 --> 00:20:42,450
nini kinatokea kwa mpango wangu.

381
00:20:42,450 --> 00:20:46,540
Katika kesi hiyo, naweza kweli
bonyeza mara mbili thamani.

382
00:20:46,540 --> 00:20:48,040
Taarifa kwamba inakuwa uwanja maandishi.

383
00:20:48,040 --> 00:20:50,280
>> Sasa naweza kuingia tofauti
thamani kabisa

384
00:20:50,280 --> 00:20:55,700
kuona jinsi mpango wangu kutenda
wakati nimekuwa iliyopita kwamba kutofautiana.

385
00:20:55,700 --> 00:20:59,560
Sasa katika kesi hiyo, kutofautiana
i sasa ina thamani 10.

386
00:20:59,560 --> 00:21:02,810
Lakini mpango huo ni bado
paused katika utekelezaji.

387
00:21:02,810 --> 00:21:07,610
Wakati mimi hatua juu, naona ya kuwa
thamani i, ambayo mimi aliingia kama 10,

388
00:21:07,610 --> 00:21:12,170
si mkuu zaidi kuliko thamani ya num,
ambayo mara husababisha kwa kitanzi

389
00:21:12,170 --> 00:21:14,240
kuacha utekelezaji.

390
00:21:14,240 --> 00:21:16,210
>> Sasa hiyo ni si tu
sababu ni kwa nini wewe ungekuwa

391
00:21:16,210 --> 00:21:19,450
wanataka kurekebisha kutofautiana katika mahali.

392
00:21:19,450 --> 00:21:22,210
Wewe ili kweli wanataka
kujaribu kurekebisha ili

393
00:21:22,210 --> 00:21:24,590
uweze kuendelea
utekelezaji wa kitanzi

394
00:21:24,590 --> 00:21:27,370
au ili uweze kurekebisha
baadhi thamani kabla

395
00:21:27,370 --> 00:21:32,630
fika baadhi kuweka maalum ya hesabu
kuwa wewe ni kuhusu kufanya.

396
00:21:32,630 --> 00:21:36,210
>> Hivyo sasa kwamba sisi kweli mabadiliko
thamani ya i kama mpango huo utekelezaji,

397
00:21:36,210 --> 00:21:39,540
ni unasababishwa kwa kitanzi kujiondoa
mapema kwa sababu, kwa ghafla, i

398
00:21:39,540 --> 00:21:42,770
kilichotokea kwa kuwa kubwa kuliko thamani
ya num, kwa maana ya kuwa kwamba kwa kitanzi

399
00:21:42,770 --> 00:21:45,410
hawahitaji tena wauawe.

400
00:21:45,410 --> 00:21:48,780
Zaidi ya hayo, ilivyotokea kwa kuwa
kesi hiyo sisi iliyopita thamani ya i

401
00:21:48,780 --> 00:21:53,270
wakati mstari 17 iliyohusishwa,
ambayo ilikuwa hatua katika muda

402
00:21:53,270 --> 00:21:56,280
kwamba kwa ajili ya utekelezaji kitanzi
kwa kweli kuwa tathmini.

403
00:21:56,280 --> 00:22:00,210
>> Kama mimi alikuwa iliyopita thamani ya
i juu ya mstari tofauti, wanasema 19,

404
00:22:00,210 --> 00:22:03,360
sisi ingekuwa kuonekana tofauti
tabia kwa sababu mstari 19 ingekuwa

405
00:22:03,360 --> 00:22:08,310
kuwa kunyongwa kabla kitanzi
hali ilikuwa reevaluated.

406
00:22:08,310 --> 00:22:11,900
Sasa katika hatua hii, mimi nina tena,
mwishoni mwa mpango huu.

407
00:22:11,900 --> 00:22:15,707
Na siwezi kuruhusu hili kuendelea na
kuruhusu mpango wangu kujiondoa kawaida.

408
00:22:15,707 --> 00:22:18,290
Lakini kuna michache ya mambo
ambazo ni muhimu kuchukua

409
00:22:18,290 --> 00:22:19,960
kutokana na majadiliano fulani.

410
00:22:19,960 --> 00:22:22,490
Unahitaji kufanya tathmini
mawazo yako mwenyewe

411
00:22:22,490 --> 00:22:24,710
kuhusu jinsi kificho inapaswa tabia.

412
00:22:24,710 --> 00:22:28,220
Wakati wowote unafikiri kwamba baadhi kipande
wa kanuni unajua hutokea kufanya kazi,

413
00:22:28,220 --> 00:22:30,940
hiyo inaweza kuwa ni bendera nyekundu kwenda
nyuma na kutathmini, na kuwa na uhakika

414
00:22:30,940 --> 00:22:33,470
kwamba dhana yako ya
jinsi kificho inafanya kazi

415
00:22:33,470 --> 00:22:38,290
ni kweli kweli kwa jinsi gani ni
walionyesha katika chanzo code yako.

416
00:22:38,290 --> 00:22:41,300
>> Lakini hata zaidi kwa uhakika ilikuwa,
wakati sisi ni kutumia HatiJava,

417
00:22:41,300 --> 00:22:43,920
unaweza kuweka breakpoints katika
mistari tofauti ya maadili,

418
00:22:43,920 --> 00:22:48,110
ambayo itakuwa na kusababisha HatiJava ili
kutulia utekelezaji katika kila moja ya mistari hayo

419
00:22:48,110 --> 00:22:52,210
ili uweze kutathmini
kumbukumbu au hata mabadiliko hayo katika mahali.

420
00:22:52,210 --> 00:22:55,630
Na tena, kumbuka kwamba unaweza
kujenga breakpoints nyingi ili uweze

421
00:22:55,630 --> 00:23:00,390
Unaweza pia kuanza utekelezaji, ruka
zaidi ya sehemu kubwa ya kanuni,

422
00:23:00,390 --> 00:23:04,790
na kutakuwa na moja kwa moja pause
katika ijayo hatua ya mapumziko.

423
00:23:04,790 --> 00:23:07,760
>> Kuna kweli zaidi juu
sifa za HatiJava, kama vile.

424
00:23:07,760 --> 00:23:10,170
Lakini sisi itabidi kukuelekeza
kwa baadhi video baadae

425
00:23:10,170 --> 00:23:14,090
ili kweli tease mbali jinsi
kutumia kazi hizo hasa.

426
00:23:14,090 --> 00:23:15,990
Kwa sasa, asante
sana kwa kuangalia.

427
00:23:15,990 --> 00:23:18,080
Na nzuri debugging bahati.