1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,074

2
00:00:04,074 --> 00:00:05,990
DOUG LLOYD: zote haki,
hivyo kwa hatua hii uko

3
00:00:05,990 --> 00:00:09,020
pengine pretty ukoo
na arrays na orodha wanaohusishwa

4
00:00:09,020 --> 00:00:10,950
ambayo ni ya msingi mbili
miundo data tumekuwa

5
00:00:10,950 --> 00:00:16,810
kuongelea kwa ajili ya kuweka seti ya
data ya aina hiyo data kupangwa.

6
00:00:16,810 --> 00:00:19,080
>> Sasa sisi ni kwenda kuzungumza
juu ya wanandoa wa tofauti

7
00:00:19,080 --> 00:00:20,330
juu ya arrays na orodha wanaohusishwa.

8
00:00:20,330 --> 00:00:22,362
Katika video hii tunakwenda
kuzungumzia mwingi.

9
00:00:22,362 --> 00:00:25,320
Hasa sisi ni kwenda kuzungumza
kuhusu muundo data kuitwa stack.

10
00:00:25,320 --> 00:00:28,510
Kumbuka kutoka mijadala iliyopita
kuhusu kuyatumia na kumbukumbu,

11
00:00:28,510 --> 00:00:32,060
kuwa stack pia ni
jina kwa sehemu ya kumbukumbu

12
00:00:32,060 --> 00:00:34,980
ambapo statically alitangaza
memory-- kumbukumbu kwamba wewe

13
00:00:34,980 --> 00:00:38,730
jina, vigezo kwamba wewe jina, et
kadhalika na kazi muafaka na sisi pia

14
00:00:38,730 --> 00:00:41,000
muafaka wito mkusanyiko kuwepo.

15
00:00:41,000 --> 00:00:45,421
Hivyo hii ni muundo wa mkusanyiko data
si stack sehemu ya kumbukumbu.

16
00:00:45,421 --> 00:00:45,920
SAWA.

17
00:00:45,920 --> 00:00:46,890
>> Lakini ni nini stack?

18
00:00:46,890 --> 00:00:49,220
Hivyo ni pretty much tu
aina maalum ya muundo wa

19
00:00:49,220 --> 00:00:51,190
kwamba inao data katika njia kupangwa.

20
00:00:51,190 --> 00:00:53,760
Na kuna mawili sana
njia ya kawaida ya kutekeleza

21
00:00:53,760 --> 00:00:57,380
mwingi kwa kutumia miundo mbili data
kuwa tuko tayari ukoo na,

22
00:00:57,380 --> 00:01:00,340
arrays na orodha wanaohusishwa.

23
00:01:00,340 --> 00:01:04,430
Kinachofanya mkusanyiko maalum ni
njia ambayo sisi kuweka taarifa

24
00:01:04,430 --> 00:01:08,200
kwenye mkusanyiko, na njia ya sisi
kuondoa habari kutoka stack.

25
00:01:08,200 --> 00:01:11,600
Hasa na mwingi
utawala ni tu zaidi

26
00:01:11,600 --> 00:01:15,830
hivi karibuni aliongeza kipengele inaweza kuondolewa.

27
00:01:15,830 --> 00:01:17,660
>> Hivyo kufikiri juu yake kana kwamba ni stack.

28
00:01:17,660 --> 00:01:21,170
Sisi ni piling taarifa
juu ya yenyewe,

29
00:01:21,170 --> 00:01:24,271
na tu kitu juu
ya rundo inaweza kuondolewa.

30
00:01:24,271 --> 00:01:27,020
Hatuwezi kuondoa kitu chini
kwa sababu kila kitu kingine ingekuwa

31
00:01:27,020 --> 00:01:28,020
kuanguka na kuanguka juu.

32
00:01:28,020 --> 00:01:32,580
Hivyo sisi kweli ni kujenga stack kwamba
sisi kisha una kuondoa kipande kwa kipande.

33
00:01:32,580 --> 00:01:36,590
Kwa sababu hiyo sisi kawaida rejea
kwa stack kama muundo LIFO,

34
00:01:36,590 --> 00:01:38,940
mwisho katika, nje ya kwanza.

35
00:01:38,940 --> 00:01:42,290
LIFO, mwisho katika, kwanza nje.

36
00:01:42,290 --> 00:01:45,635
>> Hivyo kwa sababu ya kizuizi juu ya hii
jinsi habari unaweza kuongezwa kwa

37
00:01:45,635 --> 00:01:49,080
na kuondolewa kutoka stack, kuna kweli
mambo mawili tu tunaweza kufanya na stack.

38
00:01:49,080 --> 00:01:52,010
Tunaweza kushinikiza, ambayo ni
mrefu sisi kutumia kwa ajili ya kuongeza

39
00:01:52,010 --> 00:01:55,130
kipengele mpya juu ya
stack, au kama stack haipo

40
00:01:55,130 --> 00:01:58,550
na sisi ni kujenga ni kutoka mwanzo,
kujenga stack katika nafasi ya kwanza

41
00:01:58,550 --> 00:02:00,110
itakuwa kusukuma.

42
00:02:00,110 --> 00:02:04,990
Na kisha pop, hiyo ni aina ya CS
mrefu sisi kutumia ili kuondoa hivi karibuni

43
00:02:04,990 --> 00:02:08,330
aliongeza kipengele kutoka juu ya stack.

44
00:02:08,330 --> 00:02:11,130
>> Hivyo sisi ni kwenda kuangalia wote
utekelezaji, wote safu msingi

45
00:02:11,130 --> 00:02:13,120
na orodha wanaohusishwa msingi.

46
00:02:13,120 --> 00:02:14,870
Na tunakwenda
kuanza na safu ya msingi.

47
00:02:14,870 --> 00:02:19,990
Hivyo hapa ni wazo la msingi la nini
safu msingi muundo stack data

48
00:02:19,990 --> 00:02:21,140
bila kuangalia kama.

49
00:02:21,140 --> 00:02:23,740
Tuna typed ufafanuzi hapa.

50
00:02:23,740 --> 00:02:27,790
Ndani ya kwamba tuna wanachama wawili
au mashamba ya muundo.

51
00:02:27,790 --> 00:02:29,880
Tuna safu.

52
00:02:29,880 --> 00:02:32,400
Na tena mimi nina kutumia
holela aina data thamani.

53
00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:35,180
>> Hivyo hii inaweza kuwa aina yoyote data,
int char au baadhi ya data mengine

54
00:02:35,180 --> 00:02:37,080
aina wewe hapo awali kuundwa.

55
00:02:37,080 --> 00:02:39,861
Hivyo tuna safu ya ukubwa uwezo.

56
00:02:39,861 --> 00:02:44,010
Uwezo kuwa pauni inavyoelezwa mara kwa mara,
labda mahali pengine katika faili wetu.

57
00:02:44,010 --> 00:02:47,550
Hivyo taarifa tayari kwa hii hasa
utekelezaji sisi ni bounding

58
00:02:47,550 --> 00:02:49,800
wenyewe kama alikuwa kawaida
kesi na arrays,

59
00:02:49,800 --> 00:02:53,170
ambayo hatuwezi dynamically resize,
ambapo kuna idadi fulani

60
00:02:53,170 --> 00:02:55,450
ya mambo ya kiwango cha juu kwamba
tunaweza kuweka katika stack yetu.

61
00:02:55,450 --> 00:02:57,930
Katika kesi hiyo ni mambo uwezo.

62
00:02:57,930 --> 00:03:00,310
>> Sisi pia kuweka wimbo wa
juu ya stack.

63
00:03:00,310 --> 00:03:04,350
Nini kipengele ni zaidi
hivi karibuni aliongeza kwa stack?

64
00:03:04,350 --> 00:03:07,470
Na hivyo sisi kuweka wimbo wa kwamba
katika variable kuitwa juu.

65
00:03:07,470 --> 00:03:11,692
Na hii yote anapata ilimalizika pamoja
ndani ya mwezi aina data aitwaye stack.

66
00:03:11,692 --> 00:03:13,400
Na mara moja sisi ni umba
hii aina mpya data

67
00:03:13,400 --> 00:03:15,410
tunaweza kutibu kama
Aina ya data nyingine yoyote.

68
00:03:15,410 --> 00:03:20,970
Tunaweza kutangaza stack s, kama vile
tunaweza kufanya int x, au char y.

69
00:03:20,970 --> 00:03:22,990
Na wakati sisi kusema stack
s, pamoja kile kinachotokea

70
00:03:22,990 --> 00:03:26,420
ni sisi kupata seti ya
kumbukumbu zilizotengwa kwa ajili yetu.

71
00:03:26,420 --> 00:03:28,770
>> Katika uwezo huu kesi
Nimekuwa inaonekana aliamua

72
00:03:28,770 --> 00:03:33,470
ni 10 kwa sababu mimi nimepata
kutofautiana moja ya aina stack

73
00:03:33,470 --> 00:03:35,320
ambayo ina mashamba mawili kukumbuka.

74
00:03:35,320 --> 00:03:38,330
Safu, katika kesi hii ni kwenda
kuwa safu ya integers

75
00:03:38,330 --> 00:03:40,440
kama ilivyo katika maeneo mengi ya mifano yangu.

76
00:03:40,440 --> 00:03:43,996
Na mwingine kutofautiana integer
uwezo wa kuhifadhi juu,

77
00:03:43,996 --> 00:03:45,870
hivi karibuni aliongeza
kipengele kwa stack.

78
00:03:45,870 --> 00:03:50,290
Hivyo moja mkusanyiko wa kile sisi
tu kuelezwa inaonekana kama hii.

79
00:03:50,290 --> 00:03:53,190
Ni sanduku zenye
safu ya 10 nini

80
00:03:53,190 --> 00:03:57,280
itakuwa integers katika kesi hii na
mwingine kutofautiana integer huko katika kijani

81
00:03:57,280 --> 00:04:00,010
zinaonyesha juu ya stack.

82
00:04:00,010 --> 00:04:02,600
>> Kuweka juu ya
stack sisi tu kusema s.top.

83
00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:04,890
Hiyo ni jinsi sisi kupata
uwanja wa muundo kukumbuka.

84
00:04:04,890 --> 00:04:10,460
s.top sawa na 0 ufanisi
gani hii kwa stack yetu.

85
00:04:10,460 --> 00:04:12,960
Hivyo tena tuna shughuli mbili
tuweze kufanya sasa.

86
00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:14,270
Tunaweza kushinikiza na tunaweza pop.

87
00:04:14,270 --> 00:04:15,635
Hebu kuanza na kushinikiza.

88
00:04:15,635 --> 00:04:18,260
Tena, kusukuma ni kuongeza mpya
kipengele juu ya stack.

89
00:04:18,260 --> 00:04:21,460
>> Basi je, tunahitaji kufanya katika
hii safu ya utekelezaji msingi?

90
00:04:21,460 --> 00:04:23,210
Vizuri kwa ujumla the
kushinikiza kazi ni kwenda

91
00:04:23,210 --> 00:04:26,160
haja ya kukubali
pointer kwa stack.

92
00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:28,610
Sasa kuchukua pili na kufikiri juu yake.

93
00:04:28,610 --> 00:04:32,840
Kwa nini tunataka kukubali
pointer stack?

94
00:04:32,840 --> 00:04:36,830
Kumbuka kutoka video ya awali juu ya
wigo kutofautiana na kuyatumia,

95
00:04:36,830 --> 00:04:42,350
nini kitatokea kama sisi tu alimtuma
stack, s badala katika kama parameter?

96
00:04:42,350 --> 00:04:45,770
Nini ingekuwa kweli kuwa kupita katika huko?

97
00:04:45,770 --> 00:04:49,430
Kumbuka sisi ni kujenga nakala
wakati sisi kupita kwa kazi

98
00:04:49,430 --> 00:04:51,160
isipokuwa sisi kutumia kuyatumia.

99
00:04:51,160 --> 00:04:55,380
Na hivyo kazi hii kushinikiza mahitaji
kukubali pointer mkusanyiko

100
00:04:55,380 --> 00:04:59,160
ili sisi ni kweli kubadilisha
stack sisi nia ya kubadilika.

101
00:04:59,160 --> 00:05:03,060
>> Wengine jambo kushinikiza pengine anataka
kukubali ni data kipengele cha aina thamani.

102
00:05:03,060 --> 00:05:06,970
Katika kesi hiyo, tena, integer kwamba
tunakwenda kuongeza hadi juu ya stack.

103
00:05:06,970 --> 00:05:08,680
Hivyo sisi tumepewa vigezo zetu mbili.

104
00:05:08,680 --> 00:05:11,310
Je, ni sisi kwenda
sasa kufanya ndani ya kushinikiza?

105
00:05:11,310 --> 00:05:14,860
Naam, tu, sisi ni kwenda tu kuongeza
kwamba kipengele juu ya stack

106
00:05:14,860 --> 00:05:22,860
na kisha kubadili ambapo juu ya
stack ni, kwamba s dot thamani ya juu.

107
00:05:22,860 --> 00:05:25,639
Hivyo hii ni nini kazi
Tamko kwa kushinikiza

108
00:05:25,639 --> 00:05:27,680
ili kuangalia kama katika
safu makao utekelezaji.

109
00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:30,967
>> Tena hii si utawala ngumu na ya haraka
kwamba unaweza kubadili hali hii na kuwa na

110
00:05:30,967 --> 00:05:32,050
ni kutofautiana katika njia tofauti.

111
00:05:32,050 --> 00:05:33,840
Labda s ni alitangaza kimataifa.

112
00:05:33,840 --> 00:05:36,180
Na hivyo huna hata haja
kupita ni kama parameter.

113
00:05:36,180 --> 00:05:39,125
Hii ni mara ya pili tu
ujumla kesi kwa kushinikiza.

114
00:05:39,125 --> 00:05:41,000
Na kuna tofauti
njia za kutekeleza.

115
00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:42,810
Lakini katika kesi hii yetu
kushinikiza ni kwenda kuchukua

116
00:05:42,810 --> 00:05:48,540
hoja mbili, pointer mkusanyiko na
data kipengele cha aina thamani, integer

117
00:05:48,540 --> 00:05:49,840
kwa kesi hii.

118
00:05:49,840 --> 00:05:52,100
>> Hivyo sisi alitangaza s, sisi
Alisema s.top sawa na 0.

119
00:05:52,100 --> 00:05:55,969
Sasa hebu kushinikiza
idadi 28 kwenye stack.

120
00:05:55,969 --> 00:05:57,010
Vizuri nini maana gani?

121
00:05:57,010 --> 00:05:59,600
Naam sasa
juu ya stack ni 0.

122
00:05:59,600 --> 00:06:01,350
Na hivyo kile kimsingi
kinaenda kutokea ni

123
00:06:01,350 --> 00:06:05,820
tunakwenda fimbo idadi
28 katika safu eneo 0.

124
00:06:05,820 --> 00:06:09,540
Pretty moja kwa moja, kulia, na hivyo
Ilikuwa juu na sasa sisi ni vizuri kwenda.

125
00:06:09,540 --> 00:06:12,910
Na kisha sisi haja ya kubadili kile
juu ya stack itakuwa.

126
00:06:12,910 --> 00:06:15,130
Hivyo kwamba wakati mwingine
sisi kushinikiza kipengele katika,

127
00:06:15,130 --> 00:06:18,017
tunakwenda kuhifadhi katika
safu eneo, pengine si 0.

128
00:06:18,017 --> 00:06:20,100
Hatutaki overwrite
nini sisi tu ya kuweka huko.

129
00:06:20,100 --> 00:06:23,510
Na hivyo tutaweza tu hoja juu ya 1.

130
00:06:23,510 --> 00:06:24,890
Kwamba pengine hufanya akili.

131
00:06:24,890 --> 00:06:28,940
>> Sasa kama tunataka kuweka kipengele mwingine
kwenye stack, wanasema tunataka kushinikiza 33,

132
00:06:28,940 --> 00:06:33,190
vizuri sasa sisi ni kwenda tu kuchukua 33
na kuiweka katika safu eneo idadi

133
00:06:33,190 --> 00:06:37,580
1, na kisha kubadili juu ya yetu
stack kuwa safu eneo namba mbili.

134
00:06:37,580 --> 00:06:40,650
Hivyo kama wakati mwingine tunataka
kushinikiza kipengele kwenye stack,

135
00:06:40,650 --> 00:06:43,087
kutakuwa na kuwekwa katika safu eneo 2.

136
00:06:43,087 --> 00:06:44,420
Na hebu kufanya hivyo mara moja zaidi.

137
00:06:44,420 --> 00:06:45,753
Tutaweza kushinikiza 19 mbali ya mwingi.

138
00:06:45,753 --> 00:06:48,940
Tutaweza kuweka 19 katika safu eneo 2
na mabadiliko juu ya stack yetu

139
00:06:48,940 --> 00:06:51,220
kuwa safu eneo 3
hivyo kama ijayo wakati sisi

140
00:06:51,220 --> 00:06:54,780
haja ya kufanya kushinikiza sisi ni vizuri kwenda.

141
00:06:54,780 --> 00:06:56,980
>> OK, hivyo hiyo ni kusukuma kwa kifupi.

142
00:06:56,980 --> 00:06:57,830
Je kuhusu yanajitokeza?

143
00:06:57,830 --> 00:07:00,240
Hivyo popping ni aina ya
mwenzake kwa kusukuma.

144
00:07:00,240 --> 00:07:02,720
Ni jinsi gani sisi kuondoa data kutoka stack.

145
00:07:02,720 --> 00:07:04,610
Na katika mahitaji ujumla pop
kufanya yafuatayo.

146
00:07:04,610 --> 00:07:07,600
Inahitaji kukubali pointer
stack, tena katika kesi ujumla.

147
00:07:07,600 --> 00:07:10,480
Katika baadhi ya kesi nyingine waweza
wametangaza stack kimataifa,

148
00:07:10,480 --> 00:07:13,910
katika kesi ambayo huna haja ya kupita
katika sababu tayari ina huduma hiyo

149
00:07:13,910 --> 00:07:15,541
kama variable kimataifa.

150
00:07:15,541 --> 00:07:17,040
Lakini basi kile kingine tunahitaji kufanya nini?

151
00:07:17,040 --> 00:07:21,000
Vizuri tulikuwa incrementing
juu ya stack katika kushinikiza,

152
00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:24,050
hivyo sisi ni pengine atataka
kwa pungufu juu ya stack

153
00:07:24,050 --> 00:07:25,009
katika pop, sawa?

154
00:07:25,009 --> 00:07:26,800
Na kisha bila shaka
sisi ni pia atataka

155
00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:29,240
kurudi thamani kwamba sisi kuondoa.

156
00:07:29,240 --> 00:07:32,125
Kama sisi ni kuongeza vipengele, tunataka
kupata mambo nje baadaye,

157
00:07:32,125 --> 00:07:34,000
sisi pengine kwa kweli
unataka kuhifadhi yao ili sisi

158
00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:36,490
si tu kufuta yao kutoka
stack na kisha kufanya chochote pamoja nao.

159
00:07:36,490 --> 00:07:38,500
Kwa ujumla kama tuko
kusukuma na popping hapa

160
00:07:38,500 --> 00:07:41,250
tunataka kuhifadhi hii
Maelezo kwa njia ya maana

161
00:07:41,250 --> 00:07:43,250
na hivyo hana kufanya
maana tu kuondokana na hilo.

162
00:07:43,250 --> 00:07:46,380
Hivyo kazi hii lazima
pengine kurudi thamani kwetu.

163
00:07:46,380 --> 00:07:51,040
>> Hivyo hii ni nini tamko kwa pop
ili kuangalia kama kuna juu kushoto.

164
00:07:51,040 --> 00:07:53,870
Hii anarudi kazi
data ya aina thamani.

165
00:07:53,870 --> 00:07:56,320
Tena tumekuwa kutumia
integers hela.

166
00:07:56,320 --> 00:08:01,916
Na anapokea pointer mkusanyiko kama
pekee hoja yake au vigezo pekee.

167
00:08:01,916 --> 00:08:03,040
Kwa hiyo kile ni pop kwenda kufanya?

168
00:08:03,040 --> 00:08:07,990
Hebu sema tunataka sasa
pop kipengele mbali ya s.

169
00:08:07,990 --> 00:08:14,000
Basi kumbuka mimi alisema kuwa mwingi ni mwisho
katika, kwanza nje, LIFO data miundo.

170
00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:17,855
Ambayo kipengele ni kwenda
kuondolewa kutoka mkusanyiko?

171
00:08:17,855 --> 00:08:21,780

172
00:08:21,780 --> 00:08:24,150
Je, nadhani 19?

173
00:08:24,150 --> 00:08:25,290
Kwa sababu wewe d kuwa na haki.

174
00:08:25,290 --> 00:08:28,836
19 Ilikuwa kipengele mwisho sisi aliongeza kwa
stack tulipokuwa kusukuma mambo juu,

175
00:08:28,836 --> 00:08:31,210
na hivyo ni kwenda kwanza
kipengele kwamba anapata kuondolewa.

176
00:08:31,210 --> 00:08:34,780
Ni kama tulivyosema 28, na
kisha sisi kuweka 33 juu yake,

177
00:08:34,780 --> 00:08:36,659
na sisi kuweka 19 juu ya kwamba.

178
00:08:36,659 --> 00:08:40,650
Kipengele tu tunaweza kuchukua mbali ni 19.

179
00:08:40,650 --> 00:08:45,019
>> Sasa katika mchoro hapa kile nimepata kufanyika
ni aina ya kufutwa 19 kutoka safu.

180
00:08:45,019 --> 00:08:46,810
Hiyo ni kweli
nini tunakwenda kufanya.

181
00:08:46,810 --> 00:08:48,934
Tunakwenda tu aina
ya kujifanya si huko.

182
00:08:48,934 --> 00:08:51,441
Bado kuna katika
kwamba kumbukumbu eneo,

183
00:08:51,441 --> 00:08:54,190
lakini sisi ni kwenda tu kupuuza
kwa kubadilisha juu ya stack yetu

184
00:08:54,190 --> 00:08:56,080
asiwe 3-2.

185
00:08:56,080 --> 00:08:58,720
Hivyo kama tulikuwa sasa kushinikiza
kipengele kingine kwenye stack,

186
00:08:58,720 --> 00:09:00,720
ingekuwa juu ya kuandika 19.

187
00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:03,990
>> Lakini hebu kwenda kwa njia ya shida
ya kufuta 19 kutoka stack.

188
00:09:03,990 --> 00:09:05,830
Tunaweza kujifanya tu siyo huko.

189
00:09:05,830 --> 00:09:11,107
Kwa madhumuni ya mkusanyiko ni gone ikiwa
sisi kubadili juu ya kuwa 2 badala ya 3.

190
00:09:11,107 --> 00:09:12,690
Haki wote, ili kwamba ilikuwa pretty kiasi.

191
00:09:12,690 --> 00:09:15,080
Hayo ni yote tunahitaji kufanya
pop kipengele mbali.

192
00:09:15,080 --> 00:09:16,090
Hebu kufanya hivyo tena.

193
00:09:16,090 --> 00:09:18,610
Hivyo nimekuwa yalionyesha katika nyekundu hapa
zinaonyesha sisi ni kufanya wito mwingine.

194
00:09:18,610 --> 00:09:19,720
Tunakwenda kufanya kitu kimoja.

195
00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:20,803
>> Basi nini kitatokea?

196
00:09:20,803 --> 00:09:23,670
Naam, sisi ni kwenda kuhifadhi
33 katika x na tunakwenda

197
00:09:23,670 --> 00:09:26,217
kubadili juu ya stack kwa 1.

198
00:09:26,217 --> 00:09:29,050
Hivyo kwamba kama tulikuwa sasa kushinikiza
kipengele kwenye mkusanyiko ambayo tuko

199
00:09:29,050 --> 00:09:31,610
kwenda kufanya hivi sasa,
nini kitatokea

200
00:09:31,610 --> 00:09:36,367
ni tunakwenda overwrite
safu eneo namba 1.

201
00:09:36,367 --> 00:09:38,950
Hivyo kwamba 33 ni aina ya kushoto
nyuma ya kwamba sisi tu akadai

202
00:09:38,950 --> 00:09:44,390
si huko tena, tunakwenda tu
kwa clobber yake na kuweka 40 huko badala yake.

203
00:09:44,390 --> 00:09:46,290
Na kisha bila shaka,
tangu tukiwa kushinikiza,

204
00:09:46,290 --> 00:09:48,780
tunakwenda increment
juu ya stack 1-2

205
00:09:48,780 --> 00:09:50,950
ili kwamba kama sisi sasa kuongeza
kipengele mwingine ni itabidi

206
00:09:50,950 --> 00:09:54,700
kwenda katika safu eneo namba mbili.

207
00:09:54,700 --> 00:09:57,590
>> Sasa orodha wanaohusishwa ni mwingine
njia ya kutekeleza mwingi.

208
00:09:57,590 --> 00:10:01,210
Na kama ufafanuzi juu ya hii
screen hapa inaonekana ukoo na wewe,

209
00:10:01,210 --> 00:10:04,260
ni kwa sababu inaonekana karibu
sawa, kwa kweli,

210
00:10:04,260 --> 00:10:07,790
ni pretty much ni hasa
sawa na orodha moja moja wanaohusishwa,

211
00:10:07,790 --> 00:10:11,990
kama unakumbuka kutoka mjadala wetu wa
moja moja wanaohusishwa orodha katika video nyingine.

212
00:10:11,990 --> 00:10:15,510
Kizuizi tu hapa
ni kwa ajili yetu kama programmers,

213
00:10:15,510 --> 00:10:17,900
sisi ni haruhusiwi
kuingiza au kufuta nasibu

214
00:10:17,900 --> 00:10:20,620
kutoka orodha moja moja wanaohusishwa
ambayo tunaweza awali kufanya.

215
00:10:20,620 --> 00:10:25,820
Tunaweza tu sasa kuingiza na kufuta kutoka
mbele au juu ya wanaohusishwa

216
00:10:25,820 --> 00:10:26,320
orodha.

217
00:10:26,320 --> 00:10:28,028
Hiyo ni kweli tu
tofauti ingawa.

218
00:10:28,028 --> 00:10:29,700
Hii ni vinginevyo orodha moja moja wanaohusishwa.

219
00:10:29,700 --> 00:10:32,060
Ni tu kizuizi
kuchukua nafasi ya juu ya sisi wenyewe

220
00:10:32,060 --> 00:10:35,770
kama programmers kwamba
mabadiliko hayo kwenye mkusanyiko.

221
00:10:35,770 --> 00:10:39,280
>> Utawala hapa ni daima kudumisha
pointer na mkuu wa orodha wanaohusishwa.

222
00:10:39,280 --> 00:10:41,520
Bila shaka hii ni kwa ujumla
utawala muhimu kwanza.

223
00:10:41,520 --> 00:10:44,260
Kwa moja moja wanaohusishwa orodha anyway wewe
tu haja pointer kichwa

224
00:10:44,260 --> 00:10:46,160
ili kuwa na kwamba
mlolongo kuwa na uwezo wa kutaja

225
00:10:46,160 --> 00:10:48,596
kwa kila kipengele nyingine
katika orodha wanaohusishwa.

226
00:10:48,596 --> 00:10:50,470
Lakini ni hasa
muhimu kwa stack.

227
00:10:50,470 --> 00:10:52,386
Na hivyo kwa ujumla uko
kwenda kwa kweli wanataka

228
00:10:52,386 --> 00:10:54,090
pointer hii kuwa kutofautiana kimataifa.

229
00:10:54,090 --> 00:10:56,574
Ni pengine kwenda
kuwa hata rahisi kwa njia hiyo.

230
00:10:56,574 --> 00:10:58,240
Hivyo milinganisho ya kushinikiza na pop ni nini?

231
00:10:58,240 --> 00:10:58,740
Kulia.

232
00:10:58,740 --> 00:11:01,812
Hivyo kusukuma tena ni kuongeza
kipengele mpya ya stack.

233
00:11:01,812 --> 00:11:03,770
Katika orodha wanaohusishwa kwamba
ina maana tunakwenda na

234
00:11:03,770 --> 00:11:07,770
kujenga nodi mpya kwamba sisi ni
kwenda kuongeza katika orodha wanaohusishwa,

235
00:11:07,770 --> 00:11:10,500
na kisha kufuata hatua makini
kwamba tumekuwa ilivyoainishwa hapo awali

236
00:11:10,500 --> 00:11:16,050
katika orodha moja moja wanaohusishwa na kuongeza kuwa kwa
mlolongo bila kuvunja mlolongo

237
00:11:16,050 --> 00:11:18,900
na kupoteza au orphaning yoyote
mambo ya orodha wanaohusishwa.

238
00:11:18,900 --> 00:11:21,820
Na kwamba kimsingi nini kwamba
Blob kidogo ya maandishi huko muhtasari.

239
00:11:21,820 --> 00:11:23,740
Na hebu tuangalie
saa hiyo kama kielelezo.

240
00:11:23,740 --> 00:11:24,823
>> Hivyo hapa ni orodha yetu wanaohusishwa.

241
00:11:24,823 --> 00:11:26,620
Ni Sanjari ina mambo manne.

242
00:11:26,620 --> 00:11:30,420
Na kwa usahihi zaidi hapa ni wetu
stack zenye mambo manne.

243
00:11:30,420 --> 00:11:36,030
Na hebu sema sisi sasa wanataka
kushinikiza bidhaa mpya kwenye stack hii.

244
00:11:36,030 --> 00:11:39,792
Na tunataka kushinikiza mpya
bidhaa ambazo data thamani ya 12.

245
00:11:39,792 --> 00:11:41,000
Vizuri nini sisi kwenda kufanya?

246
00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:43,420
Vizuri kwanza tunakwenda
malloc nafasi, dynamically

247
00:11:43,420 --> 00:11:45,411
kutenga nafasi kwa nodi mpya.

248
00:11:45,411 --> 00:11:48,160
Na bila shaka mara baada ya
sisi kufanya wito malloc sisi daima

249
00:11:48,160 --> 00:11:52,989
kuhakikisha kuangalia kwa null,
kwa sababu kama tulipata null nyuma

250
00:11:52,989 --> 00:11:54,280
kulikuwa na aina fulani ya tatizo.

251
00:11:54,280 --> 00:11:57,570
Hatutaki dereference kwamba null
pointer au utakuwa kuteseka seg kosa.

252
00:11:57,570 --> 00:11:58,510
Hiyo si nzuri.

253
00:11:58,510 --> 00:11:59,760
Hivyo tumekuwa malloced ya nodi.

254
00:11:59,760 --> 00:12:01,260
Tutaweza kudhani tumekuwa na mafanikio hapa.

255
00:12:01,260 --> 00:12:06,090
Sisi ni kwenda kuweka katika 12
uwanja wa nodi data.

256
00:12:06,090 --> 00:12:11,570
Sasa je, unakumbuka ambayo ya kuyatumia yetu
hatua ijayo hivyo hatuna kuvunja minyororo?

257
00:12:11,570 --> 00:12:15,100
Sisi kuwa wanandoa wa chaguzi hapa lakini
moja tu kwamba kinaendelea kuwa salama

258
00:12:15,100 --> 00:12:19,330
ni kuweka habari ijayo pointer
hatua kwa kichwa wa zamani wa orodha

259
00:12:19,330 --> 00:12:21,360
au nini hivi karibuni kuwa
umri wa mkuu wa orodha.

260
00:12:21,360 --> 00:12:23,610
Na sasa kwamba wote wa wetu
mambo ni minyororo pamoja,

261
00:12:23,610 --> 00:12:27,370
tunaweza tu hoja orodha kwa uhakika
kwenye sehemu moja kwamba mwezi gani.

262
00:12:27,370 --> 00:12:33,550
Na sisi sasa kwa ufanisi kusukuma
kipengele mpya kwenye mbele ya stack.

263
00:12:33,550 --> 00:12:36,420
>> Pop sisi nataka tu
kufuta kwamba kipengele kwanza.

264
00:12:36,420 --> 00:12:38,150
Na hivyo kimsingi nini
tuna kufanya hapa,

265
00:12:38,150 --> 00:12:40,050
vizuri inabidi kutafuta kipengele cha pili.

266
00:12:40,050 --> 00:12:43,540
Hatimaye ambayo yamekuwa mapya
kichwa baada ya sisi kufuta moja ya kwanza.

267
00:12:43,540 --> 00:12:47,300
Hivyo sisi tu haja ya kuanza kutoka
mwanzo, kusonga mbele moja.

268
00:12:47,300 --> 00:12:50,340
Mara sisi tumepewa uwezo juu moja
mbele ya ambapo sisi sasa

269
00:12:50,340 --> 00:12:53,850
ni tunaweza kufuta moja kwanza salama
na kisha tunaweza tu hoja kichwa

270
00:12:53,850 --> 00:12:57,150
kwa uhakika na kile ilikuwa
awamu ya pili na kisha sasa

271
00:12:57,150 --> 00:12:59,170
ni ya kwanza baada ya kuwa
nodi umefutwa.

272
00:12:59,170 --> 00:13:01,160
>> Hivyo tena, kuchukua kuangalia
saa hiyo kama mchoro sisi

273
00:13:01,160 --> 00:13:05,022
wanataka sasa pop
kipengele mbali ya stack hii.

274
00:13:05,022 --> 00:13:05,730
Hivyo tunafanya nini?

275
00:13:05,730 --> 00:13:08,188
Naam sisi ni kwanza kwenda kujenga
pointer mpya ambayo inaenda

276
00:13:08,188 --> 00:13:10,940
kwa uhakika na doa sawa na kichwa.

277
00:13:10,940 --> 00:13:13,790
Tunakwenda hoja hiyo nafasi moja
mbele kwa kusema trav sawa

278
00:13:13,790 --> 00:13:17,510
Trav ijayo kwa mfano, ambayo
ingekuwa mapema trav pointer moja

279
00:13:17,510 --> 00:13:19,324
nafasi mbele.

280
00:13:19,324 --> 00:13:21,240
Sasa kwa kuwa sisi tumepewa
kushikilia kitu cha kwanza

281
00:13:21,240 --> 00:13:24,573
kupitia pointer iitwayo orodha, na
kipengele cha pili kupitia pointer iitwayo

282
00:13:24,573 --> 00:13:28,692
trav, tunaweza kwa usalama kufuta kwamba
kitu cha kwanza kutoka mkusanyiko

283
00:13:28,692 --> 00:13:30,650
bila ya kupoteza wengine
ya mlolongo sababu sisi

284
00:13:30,650 --> 00:13:32,358
kuwa na njia kwa kutaja
kwa kipengele cha pili

285
00:13:32,358 --> 00:13:34,780
mbele kwa njia ya
pointer iitwayo trav.

286
00:13:34,780 --> 00:13:37,100
>> Hivyo sasa tunaweza bure kwamba nodi.

287
00:13:37,100 --> 00:13:38,404
Tunaweza bure orodha.

288
00:13:38,404 --> 00:13:41,320
Na kisha wote tunahitaji kufanya sasa ni
hoja ya orodha kwa uhakika kwenye sehemu moja

289
00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:44,482
kwamba trav gani, na tuko aina ya nyuma
ambapo sisi kuanza kabla ya sisi kusukuma 12

290
00:13:44,482 --> 00:13:45,690
juu ya katika nafasi ya kwanza, haki.

291
00:13:45,690 --> 00:13:46,940
Hii ni hasa ambapo tulikuwa.

292
00:13:46,940 --> 00:13:48,840
Tulikuwa na hii stack nne kipengele.

293
00:13:48,840 --> 00:13:49,690
Sisi aliongeza tano.

294
00:13:49,690 --> 00:13:51,910
Sisi kusukuma tano
kipengele juu, na kisha sisi

295
00:13:51,910 --> 00:13:55,980
popped kwamba hivi karibuni
aliongeza kipengele nyuma mbali.

296
00:13:55,980 --> 00:13:58,816
>> Hiyo ni kweli pretty much
yote kuna mwingi.

297
00:13:58,816 --> 00:14:00,190
Unaweza kutekeleza yao kama arrays.

298
00:14:00,190 --> 00:14:01,815
Unaweza kutekeleza yao kama orodha wanaohusishwa.

299
00:14:01,815 --> 00:14:04,810
Kuna, bila shaka, wengine
njia za kutekeleza yao pia.

300
00:14:04,810 --> 00:14:09,060
Kimsingi sababu tunataka kutumia
mwingi ni kudumisha data kwa namna

301
00:14:09,060 --> 00:14:12,090
kwamba hivi karibuni aliongeza
kipengele ni jambo la kwanza tuko

302
00:14:12,090 --> 00:14:14,980
atataka kupata nyuma.

303
00:14:14,980 --> 00:14:17,900
Mimi nina Doug Lloyd, hii ni cs50.

304
00:14:17,900 --> 00:14:19,926