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>> DOUG LLOYD: Kwa hiyo tumekuwa
amefanya mengi ya kazi katika C,

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na C ni kweli baridi
lugha kwa sababu anakupa

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00:00:09,536 --> 00:00:12,840
uwezo wa kupiga mbizi kweli
kiwango cha chini katika programu yako.

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Sisi kupata kufanya mambo kama
kweli dakika kama kufanyia

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ka mtu binafsi ya kumbukumbu.

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Kumbuka kwamba kuyatumia kwa kweli
kuruhusu sisi kwamba kubadilika.

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>> Lakini sisi daima haja ya kuwa na
kwamba kiwango cha faini nafaka ya kina

9
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katika mipango yetu?

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Pengine, sawa?

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Na kama sisi ni kwenda na
biashara-off kati ya kuwa

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uwezo wa kufanya kweli, kweli
dakika mambo na kweli, kweli

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mambo makubwa kwamba hatuna kufikiri
kuhusu, hatuna kutekeleza

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hizi mawazo kweli kubwa ikiwa
wao uko tayari kujengwa katika kwa ajili yetu,

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ujumla kwa ajili ya kujenga kubwa
mipango au miradi mikubwa,

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sisi ni pengine ni kwenda kupotea kwa upande
ya kuwa mambo lugha zaidi kujengwa katika

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kwa ajili yetu, badala ya kuwa
ngazi ya chini mambo ya ajabu.

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Na hapo ndipo PHP kweli inakuja katika.

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>> Sasa, moja ya sababu
tunazowafunza PHP katika CS50

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ni kwamba ni sana aliongoza kwa
C. Na kwa kweli, kwa maoni yangu,

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kuna kweli mbili
Lugha progenitor kwamba

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ni ya kawaida sana siku hizi.

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C na LISP.

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Na wao uko lugha progenitor
kwa sababu kila programu nyingine ya kisasa

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lugha ambayo ina maendeleo
tangu wakati huo ni aliongoza

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kwa moja au syntactically mengine.

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PHP ni sawa syntactically
kwa C, ambapo lugha kama Mpango,

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Kwa mfano, ambayo
unaweza kuwa na habari za,

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ni uzito aliongoza kwa lugha
aitwaye LISP, ambayo ni lugha ya zamani.

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>> Hivyo sababu sisi kufundisha
PHP katika CS50 ni kwamba,

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kwa kujua C kama kimsingi
kama wewe kufanya katika hatua hii,

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kuokota PHP, ambayo inatoa
uwezo wa kufanya kiwango cha mambo ya juu sana

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kuliko C gani, siyo
kwamba sehemu kubwa ya tatizo,

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kwa sababu tayari una
wazo la msingi la syntax.

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C Imekuwa ni kuzunguka kwa karibu
Miaka 45 katika hatua hii.

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PHP imekuwa karibu kwa miaka 20.

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Na kwa kuwa miaka 25
katika kati ya, programmers

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kuamua kwamba wangeweza mengi
badala ya kuwa na uwezo ngazi za juu,

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na makosa na mapambano
ya miaka 20 katika kati ya

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ulisababisha PHP na lugha nyingine za kisasa.

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>> PHP ya uchaguzi mkuu wa
lugha ya programu

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kwamba allow-- kwa
programu that-- ambapo

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haja ya kufanya mambo ambayo katika
C ni kweli ngumu.

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Hivyo kwa mfano, kufanya kazi
na masharti katika C

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ni ngumu sana, kwa sababu
kama sisi kujua, masharti katika C

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ni kweli arrays tu ya wahusika.

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Siyo kujengwa katika aina data.

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Au labda zaidi kimsingi,
kitu sisi hawakuwa hata kufunika katika C,

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kama unahitaji kufanya kile
baadhi ya mitandao ya kompyuta?

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Sawa?

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>> C ina uwezo wa kufanya hivyo, lakini ni hivyo
arcane na hivyo vigumu kwa kweli kufanya.

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Je, si ni kuwa nzuri kama
Lugha alikuwa kujengwa katika, njia rahisi

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kutekeleza mitandao?

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Na PHP ni lugha ambayo inafanya kuwa,
au kuwezesha hilo, kidogo kabisa zaidi.

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Kama nilivyosema, PHP ni sana sana aliongoza
na C. syntax ni sawa sana.

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Na hivyo ni lazima hopefully kufanya
mpito kutoka moja hadi nyingine

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kidogo laini kuliko baadhi
lugha zingine inaweza kuwa.

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>> Kuanza kuandika PHP, tu kufungua
faili na php faili ugani.

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Kitaalam hii si
kweli anahitajika,

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lakini kama unataka mambo kama syntax
kuonyesha katika IDE, hivyo kwamba aina

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majina, au majina kutofautiana, kazi,
unajua, maneno ya lugha

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ni yalionyesha katika
rangi maalum, wewe kwa ujumla

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unataka jina mafaili yako na
Hasa faili ugani.

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Hivyo tumekuwa aitwaye faili wetu na php
ugani, lakini basi pia na PHP,

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zote PHP kificho sisi kuandika katika kwamba
faili ina kuwa iliyoambatanishwa katika hizi PHP

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delimiters kwamba sisi kuona
hapa kwenye screen.

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Pembe mabano php? Kuanza.

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Kisha sisi kuandika yote ya PHP yetu
kificho kwamba tunataka kati.

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Na kisha?

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pembe mabano kwa karibu.

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>> Kama hatuwezi kufanya hivyo, basi
nini kitatokea?

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Ni si kwenda kwa ajali.

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Ni si kwenda kwa
kweli uharibifu mpango wetu.

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Lakini si kwenda na
athari kwamba tunataka.

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Nini kitatokea, kwa kweli, ni
kwamba wakati sisi kujaribu na kuendesha mpango huu,

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kila kitu si kati ya wale delimiters
ni kwenda kuwa kuchapishwa verbatim.

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Ni si kwenda kwa
kweli nitafanya kificho,

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itakuja tu
magazeti ya nje verbatim.

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>> Sasa kwa nini ni kesi?

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Hivyo C ni nini inayojulikana
kama lugha ulioandaliwa.

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Wewe pengine ukoo na
hatua ya kufanya mipango yako,

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kugeuka mafaili c na h mafaili
ndani ya kutekelezwa moja na kufanya,

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hasa kwa kutumia
Clang kama mkusanyaji yetu.

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PHP, ingawa, haina
na hii sawa.

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PHP ni kile kinachoitwa
kufasiriwa lugha.

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Na nini maana gani?

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>> Vizuri, ina maana hatuna kubadili
chanzo kanuni zetu kwa zeros na ndio

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kabla ya wakati.

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Badala yake, kuna mpango ni,
ambayo pia hujulikana

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PHP, kwamba anaelewa PHP na
Unaweza aina ya kufanya hivyo juu ya kuruka.

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Hiyo ni kweli hasa sahihi,
lakini ni mfano nzuri

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ya nini kinatokea.

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Ni kutafsiri wale
zeroes na wale juu ya kuruka.

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Na hivyo kama hajui
jinsi mchakato kitu,

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kama haina kujua jinsi ya
mchakato PHP, pengine

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alitaka kuweka maandishi kwamba katika huko, sawa?

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>> Pengine alitaka kuweka kanuni katika
pale, hata kama siyo kati ya PHP--

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PHP delimiters.

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But-- hivyo si kwenda
kufuta ni kwa ajili yenu,

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ni tu kwenda kwa kimsingi kuondokana nayo.

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Hivyo ni kwenda magazeti
hivyo nje screen.

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>> Hii inaonekana kama ni mbaya
Jambo, lakini kwa kweli ni

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kwenda kuwa kweli
jambo zuri, kama tutaweza

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kuona wakati sisi majadiliano juu ya
PHP maendeleo ya mtandao,

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kwa sababu ina maana tunaweza
intersperse PHP na HTML.

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Tunaweza kutumia yao pamoja na
kujenga nguvu zaidi mtandao ukurasa.

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Lakini zaidi juu ya kwamba katika
video juu ya PHP maendeleo ya mtandao.

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>> Hivyo ni syntax ya PHP nini?

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Hiyo ni nini video hii ni yote juu.

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Hebu majadiliano kuhusu hilo.

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>> Hivyo kuanza nje, vigezo.

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PHP vigezo kuwepo.

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Kuna tu kubwa mbili
tofauti kutoka C.

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Kwanza ni kwamba kuna
hakuna aina specifier.

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Hatuna cha kusema int,
Char, kuelea, mambo ambayo yote.

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Hatuna kufanya hivyo tena.

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PHP ni lugha ya kisasa.

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Ni inaweza kufikiri nini wewe ni
kujaribu kufanya au kufanya bora

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nadhani kama yale wewe ni kujaribu kufanya.

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Hivyo hiyo ni pretty nzuri.

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>> Jambo jingine ni kwamba wote kutofautiana
majina kuanza na ishara ya dola.

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Hiyo tu kitu cha kupata kutumika.

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Ni kidogo weird, kwa sababu
hivyo ni kwamba PHP anaweza kuelewa

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nini kutofautiana na nini si.

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Hivyo kila jina kutofautiana
huanza na ishara ya dola.

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Hivyo katika C tupate kusema kitu
kama hii, int x = 54.

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Hatuna kufanya hivyo tena katika PHP.

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Tunaweza tu kusema $ x = 54.

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Na tunaweza kusema, kwa mfano, katika C,
kama sisi alikuwa chupa-pamoja CS50 h

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kichwa faili, tunaweza kusema
kamba maneno = "Hii ni CS50."

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Hatuna kufanya hivyo katika PHP, ingawa.

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Tunaweza tu kusema $ maneno
= "Hii ni CS50."

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Na kwa kweli, kamba ni sasa
kujengwa katika aina data katika PHP,

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au tuseme PHP anaelewa
nini kamba ni.

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Ni tofauti na safu
ya wahusika kama ni katika C.

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Yako favorite zote
kauli masharti kutoka C

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bado zinapatikana kwa wewe kutumia.

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Hivyo hakuna kipindi cha mpito kubwa huko.

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Tunaweza say-- tunaweza kuwa
kama kauli kama hii.

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kama $ y 43, au $ z = 15.

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Hivyo hiyo ni pretty moja kwa moja.

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Tunaweza kuwa kama na kingine chochote.

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Tunaweza kuwa kama na mwingine kama.

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>> Na taarifa kitu
pretty nzuri hapa, na hii

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ni aina ya mmoja wa wale
faida ya PHP dhidi C, ilani

146
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nini kazi sisi siyo kutumia hapa?

147
00:06:41,510 --> 00:06:47,737
Sisi ni kutumia == kulinganisha
kutofautiana, $ majina yao, ili kamba.

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Sisi hawakuweza kufanya hivyo katika C, sawa?

149
00:06:49,070 --> 00:06:53,200
Tulikuwa na kutumia kazi kuitwa
StrComp au StrEndComp au yoyote

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ya binamu yake kuhusiana.

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>> Na hivyo tayari tunaona faida hizi.

152
00:06:56,980 --> 00:07:00,930
Hatuna kufanya kitu
kama silly au labda unintuitive

153
00:07:00,930 --> 00:07:03,540
kama kuwaita kazi kuitwa
StrComp kama nataka tu mtihani

154
00:07:03,540 --> 00:07:05,237
iwapo thamani sawa na kamba.

155
00:07:05,237 --> 00:07:07,820
Mimi nilikuwa tu kutumia sawa sawa,
kama mimi naweza kufanya kitu kingine chochote.

156
00:07:07,820 --> 00:07:09,560
Hivyo kuna faida.

157
00:07:09,560 --> 00:07:13,350
>> Wakati mwingine, kwa njia, waweza
ona kingine neno kama vile moja, elseif.

158
00:07:13,350 --> 00:07:14,910
Na hiyo ni sawa katika PHP pia.

159
00:07:14,910 --> 00:07:17,020
Hivyo wakati mwingine unaweza kuona kwamba.

160
00:07:17,020 --> 00:07:17,790
Siyo typo.

161
00:07:17,790 --> 00:07:21,830
PHP kweli anaelewa elseif.

162
00:07:21,830 --> 00:07:23,980
Mimi sijui ni kwa nini wao
aliamua kutekeleza hilo,

163
00:07:23,980 --> 00:07:28,220
lakini kama tumeona mara nyingi
katika video yetu hadi sasa,

164
00:07:28,220 --> 00:07:30,460
sisi programmers kupenda kama
tunaweza kufanya mambo kwa haraka,

165
00:07:30,460 --> 00:07:33,660
hivyo kupata kuondoa nafasi hiyo
ni inaonekana faida kubwa.

166
00:07:33,660 --> 00:07:34,800
>> Hivyo hiyo ni kama na elseif.

167
00:07:34,800 --> 00:07:37,540
Sisi pia kuwa alama ternary,
wanakumbuka alama swali matumbo,

168
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kwa namna kweli mfupi kama mwingine
au masharti matawi.

169
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Na inaonekana, katika hili,
kile sisi ni kujaribu kufanya hapa

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ni kuwapa kutofautiana
$ barua ama kweli au uongo,

171
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kutegemea kama $ var
ni tabia kialfabeti.

172
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Hivyo hii ni pretty sawa na isalpha
kwamba sisi ni ukoo na kutoka C.

173
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Hii ni aina ya sawa katika PHP.

174
00:07:59,010 --> 00:08:01,550
Kazi ni dhahiri
aitwaye ctype_alpha,

175
00:08:01,550 --> 00:08:03,450
lakini hiyo ni jinsi sisi kufanya hivyo katika PHP.

176
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Hivyo yote haya ni kwenda kuwa ni, kama
$ var ni barua, $ barua ni ya kweli.

177
00:08:08,560 --> 00:08:13,820
Kama $ var si barua,
$ barua ni ya uongo.

178
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>> Sisi pia kuwa kauli kubadili bado.

179
00:08:15,820 --> 00:08:17,870
Tunakumbuka wale wanaotoka C vilevile.

180
00:08:17,870 --> 00:08:22,480
Juu sana huko, hiyo ni jinsi sisi kufanya
kitu kama kupata int au kupata kamba.

181
00:08:22,480 --> 00:08:23,845
Hivyo PHP ina kuwa kujengwa katika.

182
00:08:23,845 --> 00:08:25,470
Hatuna haja ya maktaba CS50 tena.

183
00:08:25,470 --> 00:08:27,237
Tunaweza tu kutumia kazi readline.

184
00:08:27,237 --> 00:08:29,820
Nini kwamba kinaendelea kufanya magazeti ni
ujumbe, "hali yako,

185
00:08:29,820 --> 00:08:33,820
tafadhali, "na kisha blinking haraka
kusubiri kwa mtumiaji pembejeo

186
00:08:33,820 --> 00:08:34,739
baadhi ya habari.

187
00:08:34,739 --> 00:08:36,530
Sasa angalia kile kingine
tunaweza kufanya na kubadili.

188
00:08:36,530 --> 00:08:39,105
Ikiwa umetumia hivyo kabla,
unaweza kukumbuka kwamba kubadili

189
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ni mdogo pretty much kwa integers na
wahusika, lakini sasa tunaweza kutumia kamba.

190
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Na kwa kweli, kauli kubadili
katika PHP ni kidogo kabisa zaidi rahisi

191
00:08:50,190 --> 00:08:54,880
kuliko binamu yake kutokana na C.

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00:08:54,880 --> 00:08:55,380
Loops.

193
00:08:55,380 --> 00:08:58,130
Tu kama conditionals, wote wa
favorites yako ya zamani bado kuna.

194
00:08:58,130 --> 00:09:00,740
Tuna wakati tanzi kuwa hesabu
1-100 katika kesi hii.

195
00:09:00,740 --> 00:09:03,940
Sisi kufanya wakati tanzi
kuwa hesabu 1-100,

196
00:09:03,940 --> 00:09:06,200
na tuna kwa tanzi
kuwa hesabu 1-100.

197
00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:07,220
Hivyo hakuna hatua kubwa huko.

198
00:09:07,220 --> 00:09:09,360
Syntax ni mzuri
kiasi sawa,

199
00:09:09,360 --> 00:09:11,760
ila sasa sisi ni kutumia
dola ishara kutofautiana badala

200
00:09:11,760 --> 00:09:17,260
ya kutangaza integer vigezo au
kitu kama hicho kwa counters wetu.

201
00:09:17,260 --> 00:09:20,090
>> Hapa ni ambapo mambo kupata
mengi zaidi kuliko C, ingawa.

202
00:09:20,090 --> 00:09:21,020
Arrays.

203
00:09:21,020 --> 00:09:23,020
Hivyo kukumbuka tulipokuwa
kuzungumza juu C, ili

204
00:09:23,020 --> 00:09:25,560
kwa ajili yetu kukua na kuogopa
seti wa habari,

205
00:09:25,560 --> 00:09:28,310
sisi zinahitajika kutatua ya msingi
kwa wazo hili la orodha wanaohusishwa,

206
00:09:28,310 --> 00:09:30,780
kwa sababu C arrays walikuwa fasta katika kawaida.

207
00:09:30,780 --> 00:09:31,800
Hatukuweza kuogopa kwao.

208
00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:32,930
Hatukuweza kukua kwao.

209
00:09:32,930 --> 00:09:36,074
Tulikuwa na reallocate kumbukumbu
na kufanya wazimu hii yote

210
00:09:36,074 --> 00:09:38,490
au kutumia orodha wanaohusishwa, ambayo
kuchukua kidogo zaidi kabisa nafasi.

211
00:09:38,490 --> 00:09:41,590
Lakini katika PHP, arrays ni
si za kudumu katika ukubwa tena.

212
00:09:41,590 --> 00:09:43,240
Wanaweza kukua na wanaweza kuogopa.

213
00:09:43,240 --> 00:09:46,660
Hivyo tena, miaka hii 20 iliyokuwepo
kati ya kwanza kutolewa ya C

214
00:09:46,660 --> 00:09:49,440
na kwanza kutolewa PHP,
tuliamua kwamba, unajua,

215
00:09:49,440 --> 00:09:51,670
itakuwa kubwa kweli
kama tunaweza kufanya hivyo.

216
00:09:51,670 --> 00:09:54,100
Na hivyo sisi kutekelezwa hii.

217
00:09:54,100 --> 00:09:58,040
>> Hivyo PHP arrays si za kudumu katika
ukubwa, na kwa sababu PHP haina kweli

218
00:09:58,040 --> 00:10:03,090
na programu mbele-yanayowakabili
fikra ya aina,

219
00:10:03,090 --> 00:10:05,110
tunaweza kuchanganya aina data
katika arrays wetu, pia.

220
00:10:05,110 --> 00:10:08,100
Hivyo hatuna hata kuwa na matumizi yote
integers au pointi zote yaliyo,

221
00:10:08,100 --> 00:10:12,826
tunaweza kuwa na mchanganyiko wa wote
aina mbalimbali katika safu moja.

222
00:10:12,826 --> 00:10:14,700
Kutangaza safu ni
pretty moja kwa moja.

223
00:10:14,700 --> 00:10:16,116
Ni kama tu kutofautiana nyingine yoyote.

224
00:10:16,116 --> 00:10:20,020
$ nums = safu (1, 2, 3,
4), safu kuwa kazi

225
00:10:20,020 --> 00:10:22,760
hiyo ni kujengwa katika PHP kwamba
kujenga safu kwa ajili yenu.

226
00:10:22,760 --> 00:10:28,315
Hii inajenga safu ya maadili nne,
idadi katika kesi hiyo, inayoitwa $ nums.

227
00:10:28,315 --> 00:10:29,940
Na kuna njia zaidi ya moja ya kufanya hivyo.

228
00:10:29,940 --> 00:10:32,420
Na tunakwenda
kuona hii mengi katika PHP.

229
00:10:32,420 --> 00:10:36,380
PHP imekuwa maendeleo na watu wengi tofauti
watu na kukua na kukua na kukua.

230
00:10:36,380 --> 00:10:40,050
Kuna kawaida si mbili tu au
tatu njia ya kufanya kitu katika PHP,

231
00:10:40,050 --> 00:10:42,170
kuna kawaida kama 10 au 20.

232
00:10:42,170 --> 00:10:45,300
Hapa ni mwingine tu wa kawaida
njia ya kutangaza safu.

233
00:10:45,300 --> 00:10:48,310
$ nums = Mabano ya mraba 1, 2, 3, 4.

234
00:10:48,310 --> 00:10:53,170
Hivyo hii ni aina ya sawa na pembe C ya
br-- curly brace nukuu, hasa. $ -

235
00:10:53,170 --> 00:10:58,525
au itakuwa int nums mraba
mabano ni sawa na curly brace 1, 2, 3, 4.

236
00:10:58,525 --> 00:11:02,710
Katika PHP ni $ nums = mraba
mabano 1, 2, 3, 4.

237
00:11:02,710 --> 00:11:08,920
Lakini wote wawili wa mifano hii hapa nipe
safu ya nne katika kesi hii integers.

238
00:11:08,920 --> 00:11:10,920
>> Nini kama nataka upepo kitu juu ya sasa?

239
00:11:10,920 --> 00:11:14,760
Naam naweza kusema tu $ nums 4, ambayo
tena, bado tuko kuhesabu kutoka 0 hapa

240
00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:17,800
katika PHP, itakuwa tano
kipengele cha safu.

241
00:11:17,800 --> 00:11:18,990
Naweza kusema tu kwamba.

242
00:11:18,990 --> 00:11:22,860
Sitakuja kuteseka seg
kosa, kwa sababu safu yangu ni ya haki

243
00:11:22,860 --> 00:11:24,337
kwenda kukua kwa ajili ya malazi kwamba.

244
00:11:24,337 --> 00:11:25,420
Hiyo ni pretty nzuri, sawa?

245
00:11:25,420 --> 00:11:28,400
Na kwa kweli, sijui hata haja ya
kutaja ambapo nataka kuiweka.

246
00:11:28,400 --> 00:11:31,220
Naweza kusema tu hii na tu
upepo ni haki juu ya mpaka mwisho,

247
00:11:31,220 --> 00:11:34,099
au mimi naweza hata tu
kusema $ nums 20 au 1000.

248
00:11:34,099 --> 00:11:35,140
Ni kweli haina jambo.

249
00:11:35,140 --> 00:11:38,330
Ni bado tu kwenda
upepo ni haki juu ya mpaka mwisho.

250
00:11:38,330 --> 00:11:41,490
>> Hivyo siwezi kukua, na as-- tuko
si kwenda kufunika katika hapa,

251
00:11:41,490 --> 00:11:45,360
lakini siwezi ganga au ukanda
mambo nje ya safu pia,

252
00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:50,064
na safu mapenzi shrink kwa ajili ya malazi
kwamba sasa kukosa au tupu nafasi.

253
00:11:50,064 --> 00:11:52,230
Kuna njia nyingine ya upepo
kitu kwenye safu,

254
00:11:52,230 --> 00:11:54,330
ambayo ni kazi kuitwa array_push.

255
00:11:54,330 --> 00:11:57,860
Hivyo tena, tu wazo hili la kuwa
uwezo wa kufanya mambo njia nyingi tofauti.

256
00:11:57,860 --> 00:12:01,950
Hivyo tumeona njia tatu tofauti sasa
kwa upepo mwingine kipengele kwenye safu.

257
00:12:01,950 --> 00:12:06,900
Hivyo hii anaongeza mwingine kipengele
hadi mwisho wa $ nums safu.

258
00:12:06,900 --> 00:12:08,340
Na tunaweza kuchanganya aina yetu ya data.

259
00:12:08,340 --> 00:12:13,110
Ili niweze kuwa na safu ya si
1, 2, 3, 4, lakini 1, kweli, 3, 4,

260
00:12:13,110 --> 00:12:16,420
ambapo kweli ni Boolean, na kisha
kama nataka upepo juu ya kipengele nyingine

261
00:12:16,420 --> 00:12:20,860
kwa kuwa safu, labda kamba,
kamba "tano," mimi naweza kufanya hivyo.

262
00:12:20,860 --> 00:12:26,110
Na sasa safu yangu ingekuwa
1, wa kweli, 3, 4, tano.

263
00:12:26,110 --> 00:12:28,640
Neno tano, si integer 5.

264
00:12:28,640 --> 00:12:31,270
Hivyo mengi ya kubadilika huko.

265
00:12:31,270 --> 00:12:33,290
>> Kubadilika anapata
hata bora zaidi, ingawa,

266
00:12:33,290 --> 00:12:37,530
kwa sababu PHP ina msaada kwa ajili ya kitu
aitwaye safu associative.

267
00:12:37,530 --> 00:12:40,660
Na sisi aina ya kuongelea bila kufafanua
arrays kuhusu associative katika C

268
00:12:40,660 --> 00:12:44,740
katika mazingira ya meza hash, kwa sababu
nini associative arrays ni kweli wote

269
00:12:44,740 --> 00:12:48,950
kuhusu maamuzi muhimu ni
jozi thamani upangaji.

270
00:12:48,950 --> 00:12:53,410
Na katika kesi hii, keys-- kama
sisi ni ukoo na arrays kutoka C,

271
00:12:53,410 --> 00:12:55,440
funguo ni idadi index.

272
00:12:55,440 --> 00:12:57,530
0, 1, 2, 3.

273
00:12:57,530 --> 00:13:03,070
Na maadili ni nini tunaona kwamba
safu 0, safu ya 1, safu ya 2, na kadhalika.

274
00:13:03,070 --> 00:13:06,310
Hivyo funguo ni bahati,
na maadili ni

275
00:13:06,310 --> 00:13:10,060
yaliyomo ndani ya kwamba safu eneo,
maalum na kwamba ripoti.

276
00:13:10,060 --> 00:13:15,130
>> Lakini katika PHP, hatuna kufanya hivyo
dhana ya safu 0, safu ya 1, safu ya 2

277
00:13:15,130 --> 00:13:15,830
tena.

278
00:13:15,830 --> 00:13:21,025
Sasa tunaweza kutumia maneno halisi
ramani funguo za maadili.

279
00:13:21,025 --> 00:13:22,650
Na hivyo mimi naweza kusema kitu kama hiki.

280
00:13:22,650 --> 00:13:26,710
Mimi naweza kujenga safu kutumia
Mabano ya mraba syntax kama ifuatavyo.

281
00:13:26,710 --> 00:13:30,685
$ pizzas = Mabano ya mraba
"cheese" na kisha

282
00:13:30,685 --> 00:13:37,210
aina hii ya mara mbili mshale nukuu,
8.99, "pepperoni," mshale 10.99-- 9.99,

283
00:13:37,210 --> 00:13:37,880
na kadhalika.

284
00:13:37,880 --> 00:13:39,060
Na hivyo nini kinaendelea hapa?

285
00:13:39,060 --> 00:13:41,040
Hivi mimi kweli kufanya?

286
00:13:41,040 --> 00:13:43,990
Mimi kujenga ufunguo jozi thamani upangaji.

287
00:13:43,990 --> 00:13:49,060
Hivyo badala ya kusema, kwa mfano,
pizzas 0, vipande 1, pizzas 2,

288
00:13:49,060 --> 00:13:52,350
Sasa naweza kusema pizzas
chizi, pizzas pepperoni,

289
00:13:52,350 --> 00:13:55,120
na rejea maadili
kuhusishwa na wao.

290
00:13:55,120 --> 00:13:56,970
>> Hivyo hapa ni funguo yetu katika kijani.

291
00:13:56,970 --> 00:13:59,870
Chizi, pepperoni,
mboga, nyati kuku.

292
00:13:59,870 --> 00:14:04,200
Hapa ni mshale ambayo inafanya
hii muhimu jozi thamani ramani.

293
00:14:04,200 --> 00:14:07,420
Na kisha hapa ni maadili
wakati huo safu eneo.

294
00:14:07,420 --> 00:14:10,330
Hivyo ni kama kusema safu 0 ni sawa na 8.99.

295
00:14:10,330 --> 00:14:11,720
Muhimu ni 0.

296
00:14:11,720 --> 00:14:13,600
Thamani ya kitu 8.99.

297
00:14:13,600 --> 00:14:19,370
Sasa naweza kusema safu chizi, au katika hii
kesi pizzas jibini, jibini ni muhimu,

298
00:14:19,370 --> 00:14:23,340
na kile kupata katika
pizzas jibini ni 8.99.

299
00:14:23,340 --> 00:14:25,540
Hiyo ni thamani ya kuwa mimi kupata huko.

300
00:14:25,540 --> 00:14:28,124
>> Hivyo siwezi kusema mambo kama.
$ pizza jibini = 7.99.

301
00:14:28,124 --> 00:14:29,040
Kusema mimi nina kuwa kuuza.

302
00:14:29,040 --> 00:14:31,750
Nataka dis-- Nataka kuacha
bei ya jibini pizza.

303
00:14:31,750 --> 00:14:35,620
Au naweza kutumia mboga
pizza kama sehemu ya hali,

304
00:14:35,620 --> 00:14:39,990
au naweza kuongeza kipengele mpya ya yangu
safu, tu kama mimi naweza kufanya hapo awali.

305
00:14:39,990 --> 00:14:44,680
Naweza kuongeza kipengele mpya hii
safu associative na ufunguo "Bacon"

306
00:14:44,680 --> 00:14:49,250
na thamani 13.49.

307
00:14:49,250 --> 00:14:53,820
>> Lakini hii ni aina ya utangulizi tatizo,
kama wewe kufikiri juu yake kwa mara ya pili.

308
00:14:53,820 --> 00:14:55,721
Jinsi gani sisi iterate kupitia safu hii?

309
00:14:55,721 --> 00:14:56,220
Sawa?

310
00:14:56,220 --> 00:14:59,820
Katika C, tunataka tu na
kwa kitanzi, kawaida, kwamba

311
00:14:59,820 --> 00:15:03,650
ingekuwa kukimbia kutoka 0 kwa
ukubwa wa safu bala 1.

312
00:15:03,650 --> 00:15:08,060
Safu ina mambo n katika utafutaji,
halali bahati ni 0 kwa n bala 1.

313
00:15:08,060 --> 00:15:11,530
Hivyo tunaweza kutumia kwa kitanzi kwa
hatua kupitia kila kipengele moja.

314
00:15:11,530 --> 00:15:13,530
>> Lakini hiyo si kweli
kesi tena, sawa?

315
00:15:13,530 --> 00:15:17,360
Sasa ambapo tuna jozi ufunguo thamani
upangaji ambapo funguo ni maneno,

316
00:15:17,360 --> 00:15:19,970
jinsi gani sisi iterate juu ya maneno yote?

317
00:15:19,970 --> 00:15:22,420
Naam, kwa bahati nzuri, PHP ina
njia ya kukabiliana na hii pia,

318
00:15:22,420 --> 00:15:24,580
na hivyo tutaweza kuruka nyuma
kwa loops kwa pili

319
00:15:24,580 --> 00:15:30,780
kuanzisha aina nne ya kitanzi kwamba
lipo katika PHP aitwaye foreach kitanzi.

320
00:15:30,780 --> 00:15:34,430
Na nini foreach kitanzi gani ni
ni kimsingi wazo moja.

321
00:15:34,430 --> 00:15:36,060
Unaweza kutumia kwa aina yoyote ya safu.

322
00:15:36,060 --> 00:15:38,100
Lakini kimsingi
Wazo sawa kwa kitanzi,

323
00:15:38,100 --> 00:15:40,750
isipokuwa badala ya kutumia
nambari ripoti, wewe tu

324
00:15:40,750 --> 00:15:45,830
na hii syntax weird ambapo
wewe piga kila kipengele moja

325
00:15:45,830 --> 00:15:47,550
jina kwa madhumuni ya kitanzi hii.

326
00:15:47,550 --> 00:15:49,258
>> Hivyo katika kesi hii,
foreach ($ safu kama $ muhimu).

327
00:15:49,258 --> 00:15:52,900

328
00:15:52,900 --> 00:15:56,450
Kimsingi, kama kwamba maoni maelezo,
ndani ya kwamba kitanzi foreach,

329
00:15:56,450 --> 00:16:00,466
ni kwenda juu kila moja
kipengele cha $ safu, ambayo ni kawaida

330
00:16:00,466 --> 00:16:03,340
kwenda kuwa safu associative,
lakini wanaweza kweli kuwa aina yoyote ya safu

331
00:16:03,340 --> 00:16:05,419
kwamba unataka katika PHP.

332
00:16:05,419 --> 00:16:07,210
Na kila wakati kwamba katika
a kwa kitanzi waweza

333
00:16:07,210 --> 00:16:13,780
wamesema $ safu mabano mraba
$ i, unaweza tu kusema $ muhimu.

334
00:16:13,780 --> 00:16:22,340
Ili $ ufunguo inakuwa vinginevyo, kwa kila
ripoti ya PHP yako safu associative,

335
00:16:22,340 --> 00:16:23,710
na hivyo unaweza kuitumia kama hicho.

336
00:16:23,710 --> 00:16:25,897
>> Hivyo kwa mfano, tumekuwa
sasa got pizzas yetu safu.

337
00:16:25,897 --> 00:16:27,730
Nimekuwa aina ya tucked
katika kona kuna

338
00:16:27,730 --> 00:16:31,080
ili tuweze kuitumia kufanya mfano wa haraka.

339
00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:36,420
Kama mimi kusema foreach ($ pizzas kama
$ pizza), vizuri, nini kinatokea?

340
00:16:36,420 --> 00:16:42,400
Naam, mimi nina kwenda iterate kupitia kila
kipengele moja ya safu $ pizzas,

341
00:16:42,400 --> 00:16:46,670
na kwa kufanya hivyo, mimi nina kwenda kuwaita
kila kipengele, wakati mimi niko ndani ya

342
00:16:46,670 --> 00:16:49,400
mwili wa kwamba kwa kitanzi, $ pizza.

343
00:16:49,400 --> 00:16:52,440
>> Hivyo hiyo ni aina ya
kusimama katika, kukumbuka, kwamba $ pizza

344
00:16:52,440 --> 00:16:59,140
ni kusimama katika kauli
$ pizzas mabano mraba $ i

345
00:16:59,140 --> 00:17:03,370
kama tungetumia kwa kitanzi, ambapo sisi
anaweza kwenda kutoka $ i = 0 kwa, katika kesi hii,

346
00:17:03,370 --> 00:17:06,089
$ i = 3.

347
00:17:06,089 --> 00:17:09,780
Kama hatukuwa na thamani jozi ufunguo
hapa, hii itakuwa ni kipengele 0, 1, 2, 3,

348
00:17:09,780 --> 00:17:16,390
na tunataka kutumia kwa kitanzi kwenda
$ pizzas 0, $ pizzas 1, $ pizzas 2,

349
00:17:16,390 --> 00:17:17,750
$ pizzas 3.

350
00:17:17,750 --> 00:17:23,130
Hivyo sasa $ tu pizza ni kugeuza
kwa muhimu ambayo mtu binafsi.

351
00:17:23,130 --> 00:17:25,630
>> Kwa hiyo kile ni hii kwenda magazeti nje?

352
00:17:25,630 --> 00:17:29,030
Mimi uchapishaji nje $ pizza.

353
00:17:29,030 --> 00:17:35,270
Nataka kwenda kupata at--
kama mimi magazeti nje $ pizzas, $ i?

354
00:17:35,270 --> 00:17:35,770
Sawa?

355
00:17:35,770 --> 00:17:38,680
Kama mimi nina kwenda magazeti nje
ith kipengele cha pizzas,

356
00:17:38,680 --> 00:17:40,070
je, Mimi kwenda magazeti?

357
00:17:40,070 --> 00:17:42,580
Mimi nina kwenda magazeti nje
maadili katika eneo hilo, sawa?

358
00:17:42,580 --> 00:17:45,370
Kama ikiwa tunafanya
huu katika mazingira ya C,

359
00:17:45,370 --> 00:17:49,786
hatuna kawaida kutumia iterator yetu
kutofautiana, int i = 0, i ni chini ya 3,

360
00:17:49,786 --> 00:17:52,900
i ++, magazeti nje 0, 1, 2, 3.

361
00:17:52,900 --> 00:17:57,500
Sisi ni uchapishaji nje safu 0,
safu ya 1, safu ya 2, safu ya 3.

362
00:17:57,500 --> 00:17:59,580
Na hivyo kile huu Prints nje ni hii.

363
00:17:59,580 --> 00:18:01,150
Ni orodha ya bei.

364
00:18:01,150 --> 00:18:05,750
8.99, 9.99, 10.99, 11.99.

365
00:18:05,750 --> 00:18:06,900
>> Sasa kumbuka haraka hapa.

366
00:18:06,900 --> 00:18:10,900
Kitanzi foreach gani si lazima
magazeti nje mambo katika mpangilio.

367
00:18:10,900 --> 00:18:12,770
Siyo uhakika.

368
00:18:12,770 --> 00:18:13,550
Ni kawaida gani.

369
00:18:13,550 --> 00:18:17,667
Ni kawaida kwa kuzingatia utaratibu
ambayo mambo ni aliongeza kwa safu,

370
00:18:17,667 --> 00:18:18,750
hivyo tu kubeba kwamba katika akili.

371
00:18:18,750 --> 00:18:20,830
Ni wanaweza kuwa katika utaratibu.

372
00:18:20,830 --> 00:18:23,930
Lakini foreach kitanzi iterate
hela kila kipengele moja

373
00:18:23,930 --> 00:18:25,060
wa safu katika swali.

374
00:18:25,060 --> 00:18:27,980
Katika kesi hiyo, tena,
kwamba safu ni $ pizzas.

375
00:18:27,980 --> 00:18:32,920
>> Mimi naweza kubadili syntax, ingawa, kama
Nataka wote wawili muhimu na thamani.

376
00:18:32,920 --> 00:18:37,179
Badala ya kusema $ pizzas
kama $ pizza, naweza kusema hii.

377
00:18:37,179 --> 00:18:39,470
Na kama wewe kuangalia nini nimekuwa
yalionyesha katika kijani hapa,

378
00:18:39,470 --> 00:18:42,130
inaonekana kama muhimu jozi thamani ramani.

379
00:18:42,130 --> 00:18:45,980
Na hivyo kama you-- hata kama wewe si
kabisa na uhakika nini ni kwenda kufanya,

380
00:18:45,980 --> 00:18:49,300
pengine unaweza nadhani
kuwa $ topping ni kwenda

381
00:18:49,300 --> 00:18:53,800
kuwa muhimu katika kesi hii na
$ bei ni kwenda kuwa thamani.

382
00:18:53,800 --> 00:18:59,200
Hivyo mimi nina kugeuza sasa kila kipengele
ya $ pizzas kama jozi ufunguo thamani,

383
00:18:59,200 --> 00:19:03,900
na sasa siwezi kutaja muhimu na
thamani, ambayo huenda katika Handy,

384
00:19:03,900 --> 00:19:05,590
Kwa mfano, kama ifuatavyo.

385
00:19:05,590 --> 00:19:10,170
>> "Zima" - hii ni mengi ya
uchapishaji kinachoendelea here-- "zima"

386
00:19:10,170 --> 00:19:17,300
topping "pizza gharama $" bei, na kisha
Mimi magazeti nje kipindi na backslash n.

387
00:19:17,300 --> 00:19:23,420
Hivyo sasa, ilani tena mimi wanapata
ufunguo, $ topping, na thamani, $ bei.

388
00:19:23,420 --> 00:19:26,647
Hivyo unaweza nadhani nini hii
ni kwenda magazeti nje?

389
00:19:26,647 --> 00:19:29,480
Kuna mengi ya kauli magazeti,
lakini kuna moja tu backslash n ni,

390
00:19:29,480 --> 00:19:33,410
hivyo ni kwenda magazeti kitu kwenye
entire-- juu ya line moja ya kanuni.

391
00:19:33,410 --> 00:19:36,965
>> Kama naweza rejea muhimu
na thamani, basi sasa,

392
00:19:36,965 --> 00:19:39,090
badala ya kuwa na uwezo
magazeti nje bei,

393
00:19:39,090 --> 00:19:41,330
Siwezi magazeti nje kitu kama hiki.

394
00:19:41,330 --> 00:19:43,780
"Jibini nzima pizza gharama $ 8.99."

395
00:19:43,780 --> 00:19:47,150
Na sasa mimi nina kutumia yote ya keys--
chizi, pepperoni, mboga,

396
00:19:47,150 --> 00:19:49,640
nyati chicken-- na maadili.

397
00:19:49,640 --> 00:19:53,980
8.99, 9.99, 10.99, 11.99 Hivyo
hiyo ni njia mbalimbali

398
00:19:53,980 --> 00:19:57,840
kufanya foreach kitanzi kwamba badala ya
kutoa tu wewe kupata maadili,

399
00:19:57,840 --> 00:20:02,950
ni tu anatoa you-- inakupa
upatikanaji wa funguo na maadili.

400
00:20:02,950 --> 00:20:04,411
>> Hivyo uchapishaji nje ya kampuni.

401
00:20:04,411 --> 00:20:07,410
Nimekuwa tayari amefanya hivyo michache ya
njia tofauti, unaweza kuwa niliona.

402
00:20:07,410 --> 00:20:11,080
Kazi mbili tumekuwa kimsingi
kuonekana ni magazeti na echo.

403
00:20:11,080 --> 00:20:14,380
Na kwa pretty much wote makusudi na
madhumuni, wao uko sawa.

404
00:20:14,380 --> 00:20:17,130
They're-- kuna hila sana
Tofauti hiyo ni hata thamani

405
00:20:17,130 --> 00:20:21,130
kuingia katika, lakini kimsingi kila mahali
unaweza kutumia magazeti pengine unaweza kutumia

406
00:20:21,130 --> 00:20:22,370
echo pia.

407
00:20:22,370 --> 00:20:23,610
>> Na si kwamba mbili tu.

408
00:20:23,610 --> 00:20:26,970
PHP ana mengi ya tofauti
njia ya magazeti mambo ya nje,

409
00:20:26,970 --> 00:20:30,520
na pia ina njia za kuunganisha
vigezo ndani ya katikati ya kamba.

410
00:20:30,520 --> 00:20:32,860
Hivyo kukumbuka kutoka C, je
kukumbuka nini kazi

411
00:20:32,860 --> 00:20:37,580
tunaweza kutumia mbadala vigezo
ndani ya vitu tunataka magazeti nje?

412
00:20:37,580 --> 00:20:40,160
Pengine kutumia hii
kazi mengi kabisa.

413
00:20:40,160 --> 00:20:42,290
printf, sawa?

414
00:20:42,290 --> 00:20:45,290
Hivyo hii ni nini tulikuwa kabla ndani ya
ya mazingira ya foreach yetu kitanzi.

415
00:20:45,290 --> 00:20:48,000
Tulikuwa na hizi tano
kauli tofauti magazeti,

416
00:20:48,000 --> 00:20:50,330
kwa sababu hiyo ilikuwa tu
njia ya mimi kweli alijua wakati huo

417
00:20:50,330 --> 00:20:52,450
jinsi ya magazeti nje ujumbe.

418
00:20:52,450 --> 00:20:59,560
Sikujua jinsi ya kuunganisha
$ kutofautiana topping katika kanuni PHP yangu.

419
00:20:59,560 --> 00:21:03,700
Naam, kama mimi tu kuchukuliwa nadhani pori,
printf, ni kweli ingekuwa kazi.

420
00:21:03,700 --> 00:21:08,980
printf ni kazi ambayo naweza kutumia
katika PHP, tu like ninaweza kuitumia katika C.

421
00:21:08,980 --> 00:21:11,880
>> Na hivyo kitu kama hii, printf,
tena, sisi ni ukoo na jambo hilo.

422
00:21:11,880 --> 00:21:16,420
% S kwanza ni kubadilishwa
na thamani ya $ topping.

423
00:21:16,420 --> 00:21:19,700
Pili% s ni kubadilishwa
na thamani ya $ bei.

424
00:21:19,700 --> 00:21:22,630
Na hivyo mimi nina interpellating,
ambayo ni njia tu ya dhana

425
00:21:22,630 --> 00:21:25,400
ya kusema mimi nina sticking
vigezo katika eneo hilo.

426
00:21:25,400 --> 00:21:31,000
Hivyo mimi nina plugging katika $ topping ambapo
nyekundu% s ni na $ bei ambapo% s bluu

427
00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:36,060
ni, na kisha napenda kupata ujumbe,
"Jibini nzima pizza gharama $ 8.99."

428
00:21:36,060 --> 00:21:37,750
>> Si njia pekee siwezi kufanya hivyo, ingawa.

429
00:21:37,750 --> 00:21:39,760
Labda napenda wanataka kutumia njia hii.

430
00:21:39,760 --> 00:21:44,890
Hii ni kweli nini kawaida
aitwaye kutofautiana interpellation.

431
00:21:44,890 --> 00:21:45,690
Naweza kutumia mwangwi.

432
00:21:45,690 --> 00:21:47,737
Mimi naweza kutumia magazeti pia, kama tutaweza kuona.

433
00:21:47,737 --> 00:21:48,820
Lakini nini kinatokea hapa?

434
00:21:48,820 --> 00:21:51,520
>> Awali ya yote, nina
kutoroka ishara ya dola.

435
00:21:51,520 --> 00:21:55,140
Kwa sababu kumbuka, tulipokuwa kweli
uchapishaji nje bei ya pizzas,

436
00:21:55,140 --> 00:21:59,370
Mimi kwa kweli formatting yao kama
takwimu ya fedha kwa ishara ya dola.

437
00:21:59,370 --> 00:22:05,635
Lakini sisi ni kutumia dola ishara pia
kuiwakilisha majina kutofautiana katika PHP,

438
00:22:05,635 --> 00:22:08,010
na hasa wakati mimi niko
kutumia njia hii ya curly

439
00:22:08,010 --> 00:22:10,040
Brace kutofautiana
interpellation mbinu, nahitaji

440
00:22:10,040 --> 00:22:13,490
kutoroka dola ishara zangu hivyo hana
kufikiri Mimi kuzungumza juu ya kutofautiana.

441
00:22:13,490 --> 00:22:16,920
Ni kwenda kweli,
halisi magazeti ishara ya dola.

442
00:22:16,920 --> 00:22:19,530
>> Hivyo aina ya analogize kwa
nini kuona mwishoni huko.

443
00:22:19,530 --> 00:22:22,832
Haina kweli
magazeti backslash n, haki?

444
00:22:22,832 --> 00:22:24,290
Prints nje mpya mstari tabia.

445
00:22:24,290 --> 00:22:26,750
Hii is-- si kwenda kwa
magazeti ishara ya dola backslash,

446
00:22:26,750 --> 00:22:30,130
ni kwenda magazeti nje tu
ishara ya dola tabia.

447
00:22:30,130 --> 00:22:30,640
Sawa wazo.

448
00:22:30,640 --> 00:22:32,760
Kutoroka Utaratibu, nini
mambo haya ni kuitwa.

449
00:22:32,760 --> 00:22:37,080
>> Lakini taarifa kwamba mimi si kufanya
aina yoyote ya mabadilisho% s,

450
00:22:37,080 --> 00:22:40,050
Mimi tu halisi kuziba
katika vigezo hivi.

451
00:22:40,050 --> 00:22:45,110
Na hivyo katika Haya nini kitatokea hapa
ni kwamba thamani ya $ topping-- tena,

452
00:22:45,110 --> 00:22:48,390
kuweka tu na kile tumekuwa
kuzungumza juu ya jibini hivyo far-- bila kupata

453
00:22:48,390 --> 00:22:49,720
plugged katika huko.

454
00:22:49,720 --> 00:22:54,780
Na $ bei itakuwa chochote thamani ya
katika pizzas, mabano mraba, chizi,

455
00:22:54,780 --> 00:22:56,270
ambayo ilikuwa 8.99.

456
00:22:56,270 --> 00:23:01,860
Na hivyo hii itakuwa pia magazeti nje
"Jibini nzima pizza gharama $ 8.99."

457
00:23:01,860 --> 00:23:05,160
Na kama nilivyosema, mimi naweza kutumia
magazeti hapa badala ya echo,

458
00:23:05,160 --> 00:23:08,040
na utendaji kuwa
pretty much sawa.

459
00:23:08,040 --> 00:23:09,660
Ingekuwa magazeti nje kitu kimoja.

460
00:23:09,660 --> 00:23:12,680
>> Kuna njia nyingine ya kufanya ni,
na hii ni faida nyingine

461
00:23:12,680 --> 00:23:14,710
ya PHP kufanya kazi na masharti.

462
00:23:14,710 --> 00:23:17,130
Tunaweza kufanya kamba concatenation.

463
00:23:17,130 --> 00:23:19,660
Tuliweza kufanya hivyo katika C, pia,
kutumia kazi kuitwa strcat,

464
00:23:19,660 --> 00:23:21,180
lakini tena, tulikuwa na
piga kazi tofauti.

465
00:23:21,180 --> 00:23:22,640
Ilikuwa ni fujo nzima hii ya kufanya.

466
00:23:22,640 --> 00:23:24,590
Tulikuwa na chupa-ni pamoja na string.h.

467
00:23:24,590 --> 00:23:25,780
Ilikuwa uzalishaji, sawa?

468
00:23:25,780 --> 00:23:30,070
Lakini sasa naweza tu kutumia hii dot operator
kwa concatenate masharti pamoja.

469
00:23:30,070 --> 00:23:34,910
>> Hivyo mimi nina concatenating "zima" na
kisha chochote thamani ya $ topping ni,

470
00:23:34,910 --> 00:23:38,860
na kisha mwingine
kamba, "gharama pizza $"

471
00:23:38,860 --> 00:23:42,340
na kisha concatenating chochote
thamani ya $ bei ni,

472
00:23:42,340 --> 00:23:45,670
na kisha mwishoni sana mimi nina
bisho juu ya kipindi backslash n.

473
00:23:45,670 --> 00:23:47,926
Na hivyo hii ingekuwa pia
magazeti nje "zima" - tena,

474
00:23:47,926 --> 00:23:50,550
kama tunazungumzia kuhusu kwanza
kipengele cha kwamba pizzas array--

475
00:23:50,550 --> 00:23:54,710
"Jibini nzima pizza gharama $ 8.99."

476
00:23:54,710 --> 00:24:01,260
Kipindi, backslash n, tena, kwa
$ topping na $ bei kuandika badala

477
00:24:01,260 --> 00:24:06,580
kwa nini tulikuwa maalum katika foreach yetu
kitanzi kama ufunguo jozi thamani ramani.

478
00:24:06,580 --> 00:24:08,050
>> PHP inaweza kushughulikia kazi.

479
00:24:08,050 --> 00:24:11,250
Kazi zilikuwa aina ya
muhimu kwa C, kama tuliona.

480
00:24:11,250 --> 00:24:14,870
Kama vigezo, hatuna haja ya
kutaja aina ya kurudi kazi,

481
00:24:14,870 --> 00:24:16,350
kwa sababu haina kweli jambo.

482
00:24:16,350 --> 00:24:18,660
Na hatuna bayana
aina ya data ya vigezo yoyote,

483
00:24:18,660 --> 00:24:21,410
kwa sababu wao si kweli
suala hilo, kama tumeona katika PHP.

484
00:24:21,410 --> 00:24:24,510
Kila kazi ni vishawishi
na kazi Keyword.

485
00:24:24,510 --> 00:24:27,920
Hiyo ni jinsi sisi zinaonyesha kwa PHP kwamba
nini tunazungumzia ni kazi.

486
00:24:27,920 --> 00:24:29,720
>> Na hatuna kwa
kukabiliana na kuu wakati wote,

487
00:24:29,720 --> 00:24:33,690
kwa sababu mkalimani, PHP
mkalimani, kazi kutoka juu mpaka chini,

488
00:24:33,690 --> 00:24:34,190
bila kujali.

489
00:24:34,190 --> 00:24:35,640
Kama anaona unaweza kufanya
kazi ya wito, ni itabidi

490
00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:37,850
kwenda kupata kazi ya wito,
hata kama anakuja baadaye.

491
00:24:37,850 --> 00:24:40,360
Lakini itakuja kusoma kutoka juu hadi
chini, hivyo hatuna haja ya kutaja,

492
00:24:40,360 --> 00:24:41,500
hapa ni wapi kuanza.

493
00:24:41,500 --> 00:24:46,700
Unaweza kuanza kwenye mstari 1 wa yako
PHP na kazi chini kutoka huko.

494
00:24:46,700 --> 00:24:49,690
>> Hivyo hapa ni jinsi gani tunataka kujenga
kazi kuitwa hard_square.

495
00:24:49,690 --> 00:24:54,100
Ni inaonekana inachukua moja
parameter, ambayo mimi nina wito $ x.

496
00:24:54,100 --> 00:24:58,424
Kazi hii ni ngumu tu
kuonyesha mambo mbalimbali.

497
00:24:58,424 --> 00:24:59,590
Bado tuna maadili kurudi.

498
00:24:59,590 --> 00:25:00,870
Mimi nina kutumia kwa kitanzi hapa.

499
00:25:00,870 --> 00:25:04,970
Lakini ni kimsingi tu, jambo hili
ni sawa na ni tu $ x nyakati $ x.

500
00:25:04,970 --> 00:25:10,520
Nini mimi kweli kufanya ni kuongeza tu
x kwa x 0 nyakati wala $ x na sifuri $ x nyakati.

501
00:25:10,520 --> 00:25:15,850
Lakini ni ufanisi hasa
sawa na kuzidisha mara $ x $ x.

502
00:25:15,850 --> 00:25:18,700
Mimi bado anaweza kurudi thamani,
katika hii $ matokeo ya kesi,

503
00:25:18,700 --> 00:25:22,060
na nimepata alifanya kazi katika PHP.

504
00:25:22,060 --> 00:25:24,160
>> Hapa ni jinsi gani unaweza kuitumia katika mazingira.

505
00:25:24,160 --> 00:25:26,020
Hivyo labda mimi nina ndani ya baadhi ya faili PHP.

506
00:25:26,020 --> 00:25:29,240
Taarifa katika bluu pale kwamba
Nimekuwa kutumika PHP yangu delimiters,

507
00:25:29,240 --> 00:25:31,010
pembe mabano alama swali php.

508
00:25:31,010 --> 00:25:35,180
Katika kati ya hizo ni wote wa
PHP kwamba nataka kuandika.

509
00:25:35,180 --> 00:25:37,840
Hivyo mimi nina inaonekana kwenda get--
Mimi nina kwenda kuchochea mtumiaji

510
00:25:37,840 --> 00:25:41,550
kunipa idadi, kuhifadhi kwamba
kutofautiana, kuhifadhi kwa kuwa kutofautiana $ x,

511
00:25:41,550 --> 00:25:43,320
chochote alinipa.

512
00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:48,590
Kisha mimi nina kwenda kurudia
hard_square ya thamani kwamba,

513
00:25:48,590 --> 00:25:50,370
na inaonekana kwenda
kwa upepo kwenye mstari mpya

514
00:25:50,370 --> 00:25:53,590
pamoja, na kisha baadaye mimi itabidi
kufafanua kazi hard_square hivyo

515
00:25:53,590 --> 00:25:55,550
kwamba wakati mimi kufanya
wito kwa hard_square,

516
00:25:55,550 --> 00:25:58,160
ni anajua nini mimi kuzungumza juu.

517
00:25:58,160 --> 00:26:00,705
>> Sasa, mimi naweza pia kufanya
kitu kama hiki.

518
00:26:00,705 --> 00:26:02,050
Hii ni tofauti kidogo.

519
00:26:02,050 --> 00:26:04,190
Ni karibu hasa
sawa na yale tuliona kabla,

520
00:26:04,190 --> 00:26:08,400
isipokuwa badala ya kusema tu $ x
kuna kama parameter hard_square,

521
00:26:08,400 --> 00:26:11,730
Mimi kusema $ x = 10.

522
00:26:11,730 --> 00:26:14,330
Hivyo hii ni mfano wa
kujihami programu,

523
00:26:14,330 --> 00:26:17,070
kulinda programu yako
dhidi ya watumiaji hatarishi.

524
00:26:17,070 --> 00:26:20,020
>> Hii ni njia moja ya kufanya makosa baadhi
kuangalia kwamba sisi si kweli

525
00:26:20,020 --> 00:26:24,670
na kama chaguo katika C. Tunaweza kamwe
kutaja chaguo-msingi thamani ya kitu.

526
00:26:24,670 --> 00:26:27,010
Sisi daima alikuwa kuangalia
iwapo, kwa mfano,

527
00:26:27,010 --> 00:26:30,820
kama sisi alitoa wito kwa GetString, ilikuwa
zaidi sahihi kama mara baada ya sisi

528
00:26:30,820 --> 00:26:33,300
kuchunguzwa kwamba, sisi kuchunguzwa
iwapo kamba

529
00:26:33,300 --> 00:26:35,504
kwamba mtumiaji alitupa
si sawa kwa null,

530
00:26:35,504 --> 00:26:37,920
kwa sababu hatutaki kuanza
kufanya kazi na null kamba.

531
00:26:37,920 --> 00:26:39,670
>> Hapa, hii ni njia
kulinda dhidi ya kwamba.

532
00:26:39,670 --> 00:26:43,480
Kama mtumiaji haitoi sisi kitu
namna fulani, ni sisi kwenda kufanya?

533
00:26:43,480 --> 00:26:46,080
Naam, tutaweza kusema tu chochote
hawakuwa kutoa yetu,

534
00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:47,705
sisi ni kwenda tu kuziba katika 10 badala yake.

535
00:26:47,705 --> 00:26:52,030
Hivyo kama wao hakutupa thamani,
tu kutumia 10 by default. Na hivyo hapa,

536
00:26:52,030 --> 00:26:53,940
taarifa kwamba mimi nina kufanya
a kuwaita kwa hard_square,

537
00:26:53,940 --> 00:26:55,980
lakini hakuna haraka
kwa mtumiaji, sawa?

538
00:26:55,980 --> 00:26:57,540
Mimi tu kupiga simu mtupu.

539
00:26:57,540 --> 00:27:00,860
>> Lakini kazi yangu hard_square
inatarajia parameter.

540
00:27:00,860 --> 00:27:02,222
Kile ni hii kwenda magazeti nje?

541
00:27:02,222 --> 00:27:03,680
Ni kwenda magazeti nje 100, sawa?

542
00:27:03,680 --> 00:27:05,720
Kwa sababu mtumiaji hakuwa
nipe kitu chochote.

543
00:27:05,720 --> 00:27:08,970
Na hivyo mimi nina kwenda tu kudhani
kwamba 10-- 10 ni thamani ya msingi.

544
00:27:08,970 --> 00:27:13,760
Na hivyo hii itakuwa magazeti
nje 100 kwenye mstari wake mwenyewe.

545
00:27:13,760 --> 00:27:16,390
>> PHP mafaili huna
kuwa tu faili moja.

546
00:27:16,390 --> 00:27:19,480
Unaweza kuchanganya files nyingi kwa pamoja,
tu kama unaweza katika C. njia

547
00:27:19,480 --> 00:27:24,330
sisi alifanya hivyo katika C ni kawaida ya kufanya
# ni pamoja na kupata kichwa mafaili kujiondoa katika.

548
00:27:24,330 --> 00:27:26,180
Hatuna kufanya hivyo katika PHP.

549
00:27:26,180 --> 00:27:29,110
Sisi kufanya kitu kinachoitwa require_once.

550
00:27:29,110 --> 00:27:33,360
Na kisha kuna zima huu
Jambo, nini __dir__ hili?

551
00:27:33,360 --> 00:27:36,510
Hiyo tu maalum
kutofautiana, au mara kwa mara maalum,

552
00:27:36,510 --> 00:27:39,030
kweli, kwamba unasema nini
saraka yako ya sasa ni.

553
00:27:39,030 --> 00:27:41,320
Na hivyo kwenda kuangalia
katika orodha yako ya sasa

554
00:27:41,320 --> 00:27:44,900
kwa faili inayoitwa cs50.php
katika mfano huu hapa,

555
00:27:44,900 --> 00:27:50,490
na ni kwenda kwa fimbo faili kwamba
juu ya PHP mpango wako,

556
00:27:50,490 --> 00:27:56,980
kuchukua kwamba wewe kuweka the zinahitaji
mara moja mstari juu ya PHP faili yako.

557
00:27:56,980 --> 00:28:01,474
>> Hivyo PHP kimsingi ni kutumika,
lakini si peke kutumika,

558
00:28:01,474 --> 00:28:03,140
kama lugha ya programu mtandao msingi.

559
00:28:03,140 --> 00:28:05,270
Hiyo ni kweli jinsi alikuja kuwa.

560
00:28:05,270 --> 00:28:06,980
Lakini ni kamili
lugha, kama tumeona.

561
00:28:06,980 --> 00:28:10,105
Tumeona pretty much kila kitu
iweze kufanya hivyo ni sawa na C,

562
00:28:10,105 --> 00:28:13,290
na inaweza kufanya heck ya
mengi zaidi kuliko hiyo.

563
00:28:13,290 --> 00:28:16,950
>> Lakini kwa sababu ni lugha kamili na sisi
anaweza kufanya mstari amri programu ndani yake.

564
00:28:16,950 --> 00:28:18,630
Tunaweza kuendesha programu mstari amri.

565
00:28:18,630 --> 00:28:22,580
Wote wa zinazohitajika kuendesha amri
mstari mpango huo imeandikwa katika PHP

566
00:28:22,580 --> 00:28:24,260
ni kwamba una mkalimani PHP.

567
00:28:24,260 --> 00:28:27,460
Hivyo ni aina ya sawa na
kuwa compiler kwenye mfumo wako

568
00:28:27,460 --> 00:28:31,100
kama unataka kukusanya C kanuni yako
kugeuka ndani kutekelezwa mafaili.

569
00:28:31,100 --> 00:28:33,810
Unahitaji kuwa na mkalimani PHP
ambayo ipo kwenye mfumo wako

570
00:28:33,810 --> 00:28:37,330
ili uweze kutafsiri PHP mafaili.

571
00:28:37,330 --> 00:28:40,370
>> Kutokana huna, na kwa kawaida
mkalimani hii inaitwa PHP,

572
00:28:40,370 --> 00:28:44,300
na ni kawaida kutunza na zaidi
downloads au mitambo ya PHP

573
00:28:44,300 --> 00:28:47,430
uweze kupata online, na kwa hakika
jina la mkalimani PHP

574
00:28:47,430 --> 00:28:49,550
tuna katika CS50, IDE.

575
00:28:49,550 --> 00:28:51,819
Wote kufanya ni aina php file.

576
00:28:51,819 --> 00:28:53,610
Na nini mpango wako
kwenda kufanya ni ni

577
00:28:53,610 --> 00:28:55,360
kwenda kukimbia kupitia
mkalimani, ni

578
00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:58,040
kwenda kupuuza kila kitu kilicho
si katika kati ya swali mark--

579
00:28:58,040 --> 00:29:03,160
au, pembe mabano swali chapa php,
delimiters PHP, na magazeti ya nje,

580
00:29:03,160 --> 00:29:07,660
na itakuwa kutafsiri na kutekeleza
kificho ndani ya PHP yako delimiters.

581
00:29:07,660 --> 00:29:12,850
>> Basi hebu pop juu ya CS50 IDE na
kuwa na kuangalia michache ya PHP mafaili,

582
00:29:12,850 --> 00:29:19,850
mbio michache ya PHP mafaili, katika
amri Mpya interface ya CS50 IDE.

583
00:29:19,850 --> 00:29:22,100
Hivyo hapa sisi ni katika CS50 IDE,
na nimekuwa kuchukuliwa uhuru

584
00:29:22,100 --> 00:29:25,800
ya kufungua faili inayoitwa hello1.php.

585
00:29:25,800 --> 00:29:29,920
Na inaonekana, yaliyomo ya hii
faili ni baadhi tu ya delimiters PHP huko,

586
00:29:29,920 --> 00:29:32,220
na katika kati ya, echo ("hello, ulimwengu").

587
00:29:32,220 --> 00:29:34,710
Hii ni pretty rahisi PHP mpango.

588
00:29:34,710 --> 00:29:37,670
Mimi tu kwenda kwa kitabu chini
terminal dirisha yangu hapa,

589
00:29:37,670 --> 00:29:44,320
na mimi nina kwenda aina php
hello1.php, enter.

590
00:29:44,320 --> 00:29:44,950
Salamu, Dunia.

591
00:29:44,950 --> 00:29:48,110
Kwamba pengine ni nini tulikuwa
tegemeo la kufanya, sawa?

592
00:29:48,110 --> 00:29:51,140
>> Hebu kwenda juu na kuchukua
mwingine kuangalia mpango.

593
00:29:51,140 --> 00:29:52,924
hello2.php.

594
00:29:52,924 --> 00:29:55,090
Pretty much kitu kimoja,
si mengi kinachoendelea hapa.

595
00:29:55,090 --> 00:29:57,190
Wakati huu, ingawa, mimi nina kwenda kwa kuchochea
mtumiaji nipe majina yao.

596
00:29:57,190 --> 00:29:59,290
Mimi nina kutumia readline kwamba kazi tena.

597
00:29:59,290 --> 00:30:01,340
$ jina = readline.

598
00:30:01,340 --> 00:30:03,070
Hiyo ni haraka, "Jina lako nani?"

599
00:30:03,070 --> 00:30:04,880
>> Inavyoonekana mimi nina uchapishaji
kwenye mstari wake mwenyewe.

600
00:30:04,880 --> 00:30:07,220
Na kisha, hivyo mstari chini
ambayo itakuwa haraka

601
00:30:07,220 --> 00:30:08,750
ambapo mtumiaji anaweza kuingia jina yao.

602
00:30:08,750 --> 00:30:12,030
Na kisha mimi nina kutumia kidogo ya
kutofautiana interpellation hapa kwenye mstari 3

603
00:30:12,030 --> 00:30:14,780
magazeti nje "Habari" na
chochote mtumiaji aina.

604
00:30:14,780 --> 00:30:22,040
Hivyo hii ni sawa na kusema, Habari,
comma,% s kama tungetumia printf katika C.

605
00:30:22,040 --> 00:30:24,910
>> Basi hebu kwenda na kutafsiri mpango huu.

606
00:30:24,910 --> 00:30:27,400
Hivyo tena, mimi itabidi kitabu chini
terminal dirisha yangu.

607
00:30:27,400 --> 00:30:29,070
php hello2.php.

608
00:30:29,070 --> 00:30:31,920

609
00:30:31,920 --> 00:30:33,820
Jina lako nani?

610
00:30:33,820 --> 00:30:35,490
Doug.

611
00:30:35,490 --> 00:30:36,526
Hello, Doug.

612
00:30:36,526 --> 00:30:39,440
Mimi pia kuwa mwingine
faili inayoitwa hello3.php.

613
00:30:39,440 --> 00:30:42,850
Mimi nina kwenda wazi yangu
screen na Kudhibiti L,

614
00:30:42,850 --> 00:30:46,210
na mimi nina kwenda kutekeleza jambo hilo.

615
00:30:46,210 --> 00:30:47,640
Jina lako nani?

616
00:30:47,640 --> 00:30:49,020
Doug.

617
00:30:49,020 --> 00:30:49,780
Hello, Doug.

618
00:30:49,780 --> 00:30:56,540
Hivyo tabia ni sawa na
hello2.php, lakini kwa nini ni hello3.php?

619
00:30:56,540 --> 00:30:58,040
>> Naam, hapa ni tofauti.

620
00:30:58,040 --> 00:31:00,620
Katika kesi hiyo, taarifa
kuwa kwenye mstari 1 hapa,

621
00:31:00,620 --> 00:31:04,270
Nina kitu ambacho si
katika kati ya delimiters PHP.

622
00:31:04,270 --> 00:31:07,760
Mimi nina uchapishaji out-- au mimi tu
tu typed, "Jina lako nani?"

623
00:31:07,760 --> 00:31:12,060
Wakati mkalimani PHP anaona hii,
hana wazo jinsi ya kutafsiri kama PHP,

624
00:31:12,060 --> 00:31:15,060
na hivyo badala ya kushindwa,
ni tu kwenda kwa kuitema.

625
00:31:15,060 --> 00:31:19,010
>> Hivyo taarifa juu ya mstari 3 sasa, wito wangu kwa
readline, hakuna haraka tena.

626
00:31:19,010 --> 00:31:21,750
Mimi tu kweli kwenda to-- wakati
mkalimani PHP anaona hili,

627
00:31:21,750 --> 00:31:23,400
ni kwenda magazeti nje
"Jina lako nani?"

628
00:31:23,400 --> 00:31:25,941
Kisha anaona, loo, sawa, here's--
kila kitu kingine ni kwenda kuwa

629
00:31:25,941 --> 00:31:29,970
kufasiriwa kama PHP, hivyo
hiyo ndiyo sababu hii matendo.

630
00:31:29,970 --> 00:31:34,990
Sina kwa lazima kuchochea
user to-- ndani ya readline,

631
00:31:34,990 --> 00:31:37,490
Naweza tu kuwa ni nje
ya delimiters PHP

632
00:31:37,490 --> 00:31:41,490
na kuruhusu mkalimani
tu magazeti ya nje kwa ajili yangu.

633
00:31:41,490 --> 00:31:45,364
>> Hivyo huna kweli tu na
kuwa na seti moja ya PHP delimiters

634
00:31:45,364 --> 00:31:46,030
katika mpango wako.

635
00:31:46,030 --> 00:31:49,887
Unaweza kweli kuwa baadhi yao,
kufungua na kufunga yao kama inahitajika.

636
00:31:49,887 --> 00:31:51,720
Hivyo hebu tuangalie
katika michache ya mipango

637
00:31:51,720 --> 00:31:55,070
katika CS50 IDE ambapo sisi
kuonyesha wazo hili la kuwa na

638
00:31:55,070 --> 00:31:58,376
seti mbalimbali ya delimited PHP.

639
00:31:58,376 --> 00:32:02,010
>> OK, hivyo nimekuwa kufunguliwa faili
hapa aitwaye add1.php.

640
00:32:02,010 --> 00:32:03,390
Na taarifa nini kinatokea hapa.

641
00:32:03,390 --> 00:32:08,077
Kama vile kabla, nina
PHP moja seti ya delimiters.

642
00:32:08,077 --> 00:32:10,660
Mimi nina kwenda magazeti nje
ujumbe, "Nipe mimi idadi."

643
00:32:10,660 --> 00:32:13,394
Kisha mimi nina kwenda kusoma mstari na
kuhifadhi katika kutofautiana $ num1.

644
00:32:13,394 --> 00:32:14,810
Kisha mimi nina kwenda magazeti nje tena.

645
00:32:14,810 --> 00:32:16,310
Nipe namba ya pili.

646
00:32:16,310 --> 00:32:20,450
Kusoma mstari kutoka kwa mtumiaji, kuhifadhi
chochote typed katika katika $ num2.

647
00:32:20,450 --> 00:32:23,980
Kuongeza yao pamoja na kuhifadhi kwamba
kusababisha kutofautiana kuitwa $ ujumla,

648
00:32:23,980 --> 00:32:26,180
na kisha magazeti nje, "
Jumla ya namba hizi mbili

649
00:32:26,180 --> 00:32:29,254
ni, "na kisha interpellate
kuna kutofautiana $ jibu.

650
00:32:29,254 --> 00:32:31,170
Basi hebu kukimbia tu hii
kupitia mkalimani

651
00:32:31,170 --> 00:32:33,720
kuthibitisha kwamba hii ni nini tunatarajia.

652
00:32:33,720 --> 00:32:37,540
php add1.php.

653
00:32:37,540 --> 00:32:38,665
Tafadhali nipe namba, 3.

654
00:32:38,665 --> 00:32:40,410
Tafadhali nipe idadi ya pili, 4.

655
00:32:40,410 --> 00:32:43,370
Jumla ya namba hizi mbili ni 7.

656
00:32:43,370 --> 00:32:45,030
Hiyo ni 3 pamoja na 4.

657
00:32:45,030 --> 00:32:45,530
SAWA?

658
00:32:45,530 --> 00:32:47,770
Hivyo kitu sana dhana huko.

659
00:32:47,770 --> 00:32:51,080
>> Na sasa hebu kufungua add2.php.

660
00:32:51,080 --> 00:32:54,460
Hapa, mimi nimepata michache ya PHP
delimited seti huko, sawa?

661
00:32:54,460 --> 00:32:59,107
Mistari 1, 3-- mistari 1 na
3 sina delimiters PHP.

662
00:32:59,107 --> 00:33:00,940
Hivyo wakati mkalimani
anaona yao, ni tu

663
00:33:00,940 --> 00:33:03,220
kwenda mate nje hasa
kile Mimi typed huko.

664
00:33:03,220 --> 00:33:05,011
Hivyo hiyo ambapo mimi nina
kufanya yote na kusababisha yangu.

665
00:33:05,011 --> 00:33:11,220
Juu ya mistari 2 na 4, tunaona sana
ukoo $? php aina ya delimiters,

666
00:33:11,220 --> 00:33:15,210
hivyo wale mistari miwili ni
kwenda kutekeleza kama PHP.

667
00:33:15,210 --> 00:33:18,270
Na kisha kwenye mstari 5, nina hii
weird jambo sahihi hapa, sawa?

668
00:33:18,270 --> 00:33:20,480
Mabano huu pembe
swali chapa ishara sawa.

669
00:33:20,480 --> 00:33:22,660
Mimi itabidi hata kuvuta kidogo zaidi.

670
00:33:22,660 --> 00:33:29,270
Unaweza kuona hii ni nini mimi nina
kuzungumza juu ya haki pale, $ hili? =.

671
00:33:29,270 --> 00:33:33,420
>> Ni zinageuka kuwa ni jambo la kawaida kwamba
sababu ya kuwa sisi kufungua seti ya PHP

672
00:33:33,420 --> 00:33:36,055
delimiters ni magazeti nje thamani.

673
00:33:36,055 --> 00:33:37,430
Na kwamba wote sisi ni kwenda kufanya.

674
00:33:37,430 --> 00:33:39,220
Lakini kuna hata shorthand kwa ajili hiyo.

675
00:33:39,220 --> 00:33:46,490
$? = Ni PHP shorthand kwa kusema
kitu kama $? php echo Jumla

676
00:33:46,490 --> 00:33:48,350
ya num1 na num2.

677
00:33:48,350 --> 00:33:51,900
Hivyo hii ni tu mwingine
shorthand kwa ajili hiyo.

678
00:33:51,900 --> 00:33:55,550
>> Hivyo kama mimi kuendesha mpango huu, php add2.php.

679
00:33:55,550 --> 00:33:57,530
Mimi itabidi kuvuta chini kidogo.

680
00:33:57,530 --> 00:33:59,000
Tafadhali nipe namba, 4.

681
00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:00,350
Tafadhali nipe namba ya pili.

682
00:34:00,350 --> 00:34:04,650
Na kwa kuwa mimi si kweli huduma kuhusu
aina ya data katika PHP, naweza kusema 4.8.

683
00:34:04,650 --> 00:34:07,160
Jumla ya namba hizi mbili ni 8.8.

684
00:34:07,160 --> 00:34:10,179
Kazi ambayo hufanya kazi pretty much
sawa kama sisi bila kutarajia,

685
00:34:10,179 --> 00:34:10,989
vilevile.

686
00:34:10,989 --> 00:34:13,114
Na mimi kuwa moja zaidi kufunguliwa
hapa aitwaye dice.php.

687
00:34:13,114 --> 00:34:25,625

688
00:34:25,625 --> 00:34:26,250
Jaribu hii tena.

689
00:34:26,250 --> 00:34:29,429

690
00:34:29,429 --> 00:34:33,280
Nina moja zaidi hapa inaitwa
dice1.php, ambayo pia, angalia,

691
00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:37,440
ina kuwa swali pembe mabano
alama ishara nukuu sawa huko,

692
00:34:37,440 --> 00:34:40,659
lakini taarifa kwamba katika kesi hii mimi nina
wito kazi rand, kama ambayo

693
00:34:40,659 --> 00:34:42,790
kutarajia inazalisha idadi random.

694
00:34:42,790 --> 00:34:46,889
"Wewe limekwisha," na ni kwenda
mahesabu ya baadhi ya idadi random, mod 6 +

695
00:34:46,889 --> 00:34:47,389
1.

696
00:34:47,389 --> 00:34:49,989
Hivyo kwamba utakuwa nipe idadi
katika aina mbalimbali ya 1-6.

697
00:34:49,989 --> 00:34:53,040
>> Kumbuka kwamba mod 6 angenipa
idadi katika aina mbalimbali ya 0-5,

698
00:34:53,040 --> 00:34:56,630
lakini kama mimi nina simulating mistari kete,
ambayo ni nini mimi kufanya hapa,

699
00:34:56,630 --> 00:35:00,040
Sitaki kete hizo kwenda kutoka 0
hadi 5, nataka kete kwamba kwenda 1-6.

700
00:35:00,040 --> 00:35:02,800
Na hivyo hii ni njia ya kupata
mimi katika aina mbalimbali ya 1-6.

701
00:35:02,800 --> 00:35:04,720
Mimi nina kufanya hili mara mbili.

702
00:35:04,720 --> 00:35:08,630
Hivyo inaonekana Mimi rolling
kete mbili katika mpango huu.

703
00:35:08,630 --> 00:35:15,210
>> Hivyo mimi itabidi wazi screen yangu,
na mimi itabidi kufanya php dice1.php.

704
00:35:15,210 --> 00:35:16,640
Wewe limekwisha 4 na 2.

705
00:35:16,640 --> 00:35:19,156
Na kama mimi kuendesha programu
tena, wewe limekwisha 5 na 5.

706
00:35:19,156 --> 00:35:21,780
Hivyo kila wakati mimi kukimbia mpango,
Mimi nina kupata idadi tofauti,

707
00:35:21,780 --> 00:35:24,280
kwa sababu kila wakati mimi kufanya
hivyo, ni mapya juu.

708
00:35:24,280 --> 00:35:27,250
Ni kwenda kuzalisha mpya
seti ya idadi random kwa ajili yangu.

709
00:35:27,250 --> 00:35:29,790
>> Hivyo kama sisi ni kutumika
kuendesha programu kutoka C,

710
00:35:29,790 --> 00:35:32,520
sisi ni kutumika kuandika ./
jina la mpango, haki?

711
00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:35,090
Hiyo ni jinsi tumefanya zote
ya mipango yetu katika C hadi sasa.

712
00:35:35,090 --> 00:35:37,555
Tunaweza kufanya hivyo katika PHP pamoja
kwa kuongeza kitu kinachoitwa

713
00:35:37,555 --> 00:35:40,026
shebang hata kilele cha faili wetu PHP.

714
00:35:40,026 --> 00:35:41,400
Najua ni aina ya neno silly.

715
00:35:41,400 --> 00:35:44,540
Ni short kwa hash bang.

716
00:35:44,540 --> 00:35:46,300
Hiyo ni kwanza wahusika wawili huko.

717
00:35:46,300 --> 00:35:50,030
Kumbuka tunatoa wito mshangao uhakika
mara kwa mara bang katika sayansi ya kompyuta.

718
00:35:50,030 --> 00:35:51,690
Pia inaweza kuwa kwa bang mkali.

719
00:35:51,690 --> 00:35:53,273
Kuna wanandoa njia kuifasiri.

720
00:35:53,273 --> 00:35:57,320
Lakini kimsingi aina maalum
ya amuru mkalimani PHP

721
00:35:57,320 --> 00:36:00,160
anaelewa kama, loo, nataka
wewe kutekeleza mpango huu,

722
00:36:00,160 --> 00:36:05,250
ambayo inaonekana / user / bin / php, ambayo
ni kweli ambapo mkalimani PHP

723
00:36:05,250 --> 00:36:08,590
hasa anaishi kwenye mfumo wetu.

724
00:36:08,590 --> 00:36:12,530
Hivyo it's-- nini kinatokea hapa ni
mkalimani anaelewa, loo,

725
00:36:12,530 --> 00:36:17,270
Mimi inaonekana zinatakiwa kutumia
katika mpango huu wa kukimbia faili hii.

726
00:36:17,270 --> 00:36:20,010
Na hivyo utapata
ruka juu hatua

727
00:36:20,010 --> 00:36:22,979
ya kuwa na kusema php something.php.

728
00:36:22,979 --> 00:36:25,020
Kuna wengine moja kukamata
hapa, ambayo ni kuwa kama sisi

729
00:36:25,020 --> 00:36:27,320
wanataka mipango yetu kwa
kazi kama ilivyotarajiwa, sisi

730
00:36:27,320 --> 00:36:30,220
haja ya kufanya kitu kinachoitwa
Mabadiliko ya faili ruhusa.

731
00:36:30,220 --> 00:36:33,380
Na tutaweza go-- na sisi kuongea kidogo
kidogo zaidi kuhusu faili mabadiliko ruhusa

732
00:36:33,380 --> 00:36:37,550
katika video wetu juu MVC, lakini inatosha
kusema kwamba hii ni nini unahitaji kufanya

733
00:36:37,550 --> 00:36:42,760
ili kufanya yako
php mafaili kutekelezwa.

734
00:36:42,760 --> 00:36:49,330
Basi hebu tuangalie hii kama
mfano wetu wa mwisho juu katika CS50 IDE.

735
00:36:49,330 --> 00:36:53,910
>> Hivyo hapa katika IDE nina mafaili mbili katika hii
PHP directory kwamba kuonekana si kuwa

736
00:36:53,910 --> 00:36:55,310
aitwaye php.

737
00:36:55,310 --> 00:36:58,170
Nina kazi kuitwa add--
Nina faili inayoitwa add3

738
00:36:58,170 --> 00:37:00,650
na faili inayoitwa dice2.

739
00:37:00,650 --> 00:37:03,680
Basi hebu kuchukua haraka
kuangalia na kufungua add3.

740
00:37:03,680 --> 00:37:08,300
Na kama unaweza kuona, mwanzoni
ya faili yangu nina shebang hii, sawa?

741
00:37:08,300 --> 00:37:11,420
Hii hatua hash alama ya mshangao.

742
00:37:11,420 --> 00:37:15,115
Sasa, utasikia pia labda
taarifa kwamba kwa sababu fulani,

743
00:37:15,115 --> 00:37:16,990
Sina syntax yoyote
kuonyesha tena,

744
00:37:16,990 --> 00:37:20,198
na hii ni nini mimi alluded mapema,
ambayo ilikuwa kwamba kama mimi si jina la faili yangu

745
00:37:20,198 --> 00:37:23,040
php, sina faida
ya syntax mwangaza tena.

746
00:37:23,040 --> 00:37:26,220
Faili hili ni tu kuitwa add3.

747
00:37:26,220 --> 00:37:30,960
Ili niweze kuendesha baadaye
na ./ add3 na si ./ add3.php.

748
00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:33,680
>> Hivyo reason-- ni bado
faini, bado ni halali PHP,

749
00:37:33,680 --> 00:37:37,000
lakini siyo syntax yalionyesha, kwa sababu
faili hili si kuitwa something.php.

750
00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:41,580
Hiyo ni tu halisi tofauti
hapa, pamoja na shebang.

751
00:37:41,580 --> 00:37:45,170
Basi hebu angalia nini kinatokea wakati
Mimi kujaribu na kuendesha mpango huu.

752
00:37:45,170 --> 00:37:50,780
./ Add3, kama napenda na C. Bash.

753
00:37:50,780 --> 00:37:53,190
./ Add3 ruhusa alikanusha.

754
00:37:53,190 --> 00:37:55,390
Hii ni nini wewe kwenda
kuona kama wewe kusahau

755
00:37:55,390 --> 00:37:59,280
kutumia amri chmod kubadili
ruhusa ya faili.

756
00:37:59,280 --> 00:38:03,845
>> Kama ni zamu nje, mara kwa mara PHP
mafaili huwezi wauawe.

757
00:38:03,845 --> 00:38:06,970
Wao inaweza kutafsiriwa, lakini sisi ni
kufanya kitu tofauti kidogo hapa.

758
00:38:06,970 --> 00:38:07,761
Sisi ni utekelezaji yake.

759
00:38:07,761 --> 00:38:12,970
Na hivyo mimi haja ya kuongeza ruhusa
ya utekelezaji, chmod + x kwa add3.

760
00:38:12,970 --> 00:38:15,680
Kisha naweza kusema ./ add3.

761
00:38:15,680 --> 00:38:16,860
Tafadhali nipe idadi.

762
00:38:16,860 --> 00:38:18,060
5, 6.

763
00:38:18,060 --> 00:38:20,490
Jumla ya namba hizi mbili ni 11.

764
00:38:20,490 --> 00:38:26,530
>> Vile vile, mimi tayari chmoded
dice2, hivyo siwezi tu aina ./ dice2,

765
00:38:26,530 --> 00:38:31,260
wewe limekwisha 1 na 1, wewe
limekwisha 5 na 4, na kadhalika.

766
00:38:31,260 --> 00:38:33,680
>> Hivyo hiyo ni pretty kiasi
wazo la PHP syntax, sawa?

767
00:38:33,680 --> 00:38:35,221
Kuna mengi kupata kupitia, najua.

768
00:38:35,221 --> 00:38:39,160
Lakini pengine wameweza kuona sasa kwamba PHP
si kweli kwamba tofauti na C

769
00:38:39,160 --> 00:38:43,670
na kwa kweli inatupa uwezo
kuchukua mambo juu notch moja au mbili.

770
00:38:43,670 --> 00:38:48,230
Sisi si kweli kuwa na wasiwasi
sana about-- sisi si kweli

771
00:38:48,230 --> 00:38:51,605
kuwa na wasiwasi sana kuhusu
maelezo ya ngazi ya chini sisi

772
00:38:51,605 --> 00:38:52,980
alikuwa na wasiwasi juu na C, sawa?

773
00:38:52,980 --> 00:38:56,170
Tunaweza kuzingatia juu
mambo kiwango hicho PHP

774
00:38:56,170 --> 00:39:01,090
inaruhusu sisi kufanya na kuchukua kwa
nafasi kwamba itakuwa kazi kwa ajili yetu.

775
00:39:01,090 --> 00:39:04,350
Hivyo inatupa uwezo sasa,
kipindi cha mpito kutoka C kwa PHP,

776
00:39:04,350 --> 00:39:08,280
kufanya mipango ambayo ni mengi zaidi
tata na labda mengi imara zaidi.

777
00:39:08,280 --> 00:39:13,070
>> Kwa hiyo, natumaini wewe kuwa na furaha ya kufanya kazi
na PHP, na mimi nina Doug Lloyd.

778
00:39:13,070 --> 00:39:15,050
Hii ni CS50.

779
00:39:15,050 --> 00:39:17,637