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DOUG LLOYD: Katika video hii tunakwenda
kuzungumzia Transmission Control

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Itifaki, TCP.

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Kama si watched
video juu ya biashara ya itifaki, IP,

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unaweza unataka kufanya hivyo
kabla ya kuangalia video hii

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kwa sababu mbili ni mzuri yanayohusiana.

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>> Hivyo, itifaki ya internet,
tena, muhtasari wa haraka,

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hiyo ni itifaki
kwamba hatua ya kampuni

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kupeleka mashine ya kupokea
mashine kwa njia ya mtandao.

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>> Basi nini TCP?

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Wakati tu kuhama kutoka kutuma
mashine ya kupokea mashine,

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siyo habari kamili.

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Tunajua pia kwamba mpango wetu,
kompyuta yetu, kwa mfano,

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ni mbio programu mbalimbali,
na kuwa na huduma mbalimbali

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mbio juu ya mashine hizo.

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Na hivyo, kama tunataka kupata pakiti,
au habari kwa mpango maalum,

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kwenye mashine maalum,
tunahitaji habari zaidi

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kuliko kile tu IP inaruhusu sisi kupata
taarifa kutoka kiwango A kwa uhakika B.

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>> Hivyo, TCP inaweza kuchukuliwa
kama kuongoza pakiti

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kwa mpango sahihi, au sahihi
huduma, juu ya kupokea mashine.

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Na hivyo ni muhimu kwa, kama waweza
kutarajia, kujua wapi ni walidhani kwenda,

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na kile pakiti ni
kwa wakati mmoja.

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Na hivyo, mara kwa mara, wakati majadiliano juu ya
maambukizi ya kudhibiti itifaki, TCP,

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kweli mara nyingi kusikia katika
mazingira, TCP IP kufyeka, au tu TCP / IP.

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Itifaki hizi mbili ni hivyo
yanayohusiana kwamba, wao ni kimsingi

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kutibiwa kama kitengo moja.

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Lakini wao ni itifaki mbili tofauti
kwamba kufanya mambo mawili tofauti.

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>> Tena, IP ni wajibu kwa ajili ya kupata
ni kutoka mashine moja hadi nyingine.

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Na TCP ina jukumu la
kupata ni kwa mpango sahihi,

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au huduma sahihi juu ya mashine.

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Na anafanya kitu
kingine kwamba IP haina kufanya,

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ambayo ni dhamana ya kujifungua.

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>> Hivyo, kama sisi sasa wanandoa mashine ya IP
kushughulikia na kinachojulikana bandari idadi,

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na idadi bandari ni jinsi maalum
huduma, au shirika, au mpango,

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ni kutambuliwa kwenye mashine.

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Kama sisi sasa kuwa IP
anuani pamoja na idadi bandari,

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sasa tunaweza kipekee kutambua
huduma fulani

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mbio juu ya mashine maalum.

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>> Hivyo ndiyo sababu TCP IP na ni
hivyo mara kwa mara yanayohusiana,

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kwa sababu kwamba idadi bandari
juu yake mwenyewe haina kweli

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maana yoyote kama unahitaji
bandari idadi, na mashine

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kwamba wewe kuzungumza juu.

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Nini mashine zinatakiwa kutumia
bandari hii hasa, kwa mfano.

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>> Jambo jingine kwamba TCP gani, kama
Nilisema, ni dhamana ya kujifungua.

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Hivyo, pamoja na
kubainisha idadi bandari,

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pia inaonyesha jinsi wengi
pakiti, itifaki ya internet, IP,

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imegawanyika data katika.

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Na amri pakiti wale ili waweze
inaweza kuwa juu ya kupokea upya

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mashine, hata kama received-- katika
Ili tofauti kuliko wao walipelekwa.

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Jambo ambalo linaweza kufanyika kwa sababu IP
ni itifaki connectionless,

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na hivyo pakiti mbalimbali wanaweza kuchukua
njia tofauti kupitia mfumo.

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>> Baadhi ya namba hizi bandari
ni hutumika sana,

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na wao tumekuwa sanifu
katika kompyuta zote,

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kama, pretty much kila
kompyuta watengenezaji sasa.

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Hivyo kitu kinachoitwa FTP,
faili uhamisho itifaki,

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ambayo hutumiwa na kusambaza
mafaili, kama unaweza kutarajia,

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kutoka kwa mashine moja hadi nyingine,
ambayo inatumia bandari 21 conventionally.

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Barua pepe, SMTP, anatumia bandari 25.

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DNS, mfumo jina la uwanja, ambayo sisi
kuongelea katika biashara yetu utangulizi

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video, anatumia bandari 53.

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Kama wewe ni milele kuvinjari
mtandao, wewe ni pretty much

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Daima kutumia bandari 80, isipokuwa
wewe ni kuvinjari mtandao salama,

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salama ya kuvinjari mtandao, kwa kutumia bandari 443.

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>> Basi nini TCP hii / IP mchakato?

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Nini kinatokea kwa wote
wa haya itifaki pamoja?

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Naam, hebu majadiliano kuhusu hilo.

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Wakati mpango anataka kutuma data,
TCP husaidia kuvunja katika chunks,

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na mawasiliano pakiti wale
kompyuta mtandao programu.

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Hivyo inachukua data na
Wraps kote habari hiyo

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kwamba inaonyesha nini bandari
zinatakiwa kwenda,

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na kile ili
pakiti ni nje ya kila kitu.

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Hivyo kufanya pakiti moja ya 10, wawili
ya 10, tatu ya 10, na kadhalika.

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>> IP anapata wale chunks takwimu ambazo
wamekuwa amefungwa na TCP,

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na Wraps habari zaidi kuhusu
ambapo pakiti zinatakiwa kwenda.

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Tunaweza kuwaita hii IP
tabaka la jirani pakiti.

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Hivyo, ni aina ya, kama,
moja ya dolls wale nesting.

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Tuna takwimu katika
katikati, na kisha TCP juu ya,

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kuwaambia ni wapi
data ya ndani ya TCP ni

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ilitakiwa kwenda, kwa nini bandari
au nini huduma juu ya mashine.

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Kuzunguka kwamba ni safu ya IP.

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Nini IP, nini mashine,
ni kweli kupata hii.

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>> Hivyo basi, kwamba pakiti kwamba imekuwa ni
amefungwa na tabaka wale wote,

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ametumwa kwa njia ya mtandao itifaki
kupitia mfumo wa ruta, kupata

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kutoka kiwango A kwa uhakika B. Wakati
kupokea mashine, au kifaa, anapata

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hivyo, inaonekana katika IP
safu, inasema, yup hiyo ni

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anwani yangu ya IP, hivyo inachukua
mbali, aina ya nyufa mayai,

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na inachukua mbali safu ya IP.

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Kisha anaona kwamba kuna
safu TCP, na inasema,

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OK, inaonekana kama hii ni
kwenda bandari x, au bandari y.

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Na inaonekana ni
pakiti namba nane ya 15.

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Hivyo hiyo ni vizuri kujua.

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Hivyo basi inaweza kuchukua taarifa kwamba,
kuchukua mbali safu TCP sasa,

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akijua kwamba ni kwa bandari x,
na ni pakiti namba nane,

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na kupata saa data ndani.

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Na inaweza kujiandaa data kwa
kuwa na utaratibu katika njia sahihi.

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Na mara zote za
data ni kupokea, TCP

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unaweza mkono ni mbali na sahihi
huduma, na kusema, hapa kwenda.

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Hapa ni takwimu ambazo wewe kupokelewa.

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Utaratibu huo ili kuangalia
kitu kama hiki.

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Basi hebu kutuma barua pepe kutoka
mtumaji na mpokeaji.

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Na hebu sema hii
email ni pretty ndogo,

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hivyo sisi tu haja ya kuvunja ndani
pakiti nne, na tutaweza kuwaita,

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B, C, na D. Naam, tunataka hoja
kwamba pakiti kwanza nini kitatokea?

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Naam, sisi kuchukua kwamba chunk ya data,
takwimu ambazo ni sehemu ya pakiti A,

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na kuzunguka kwamba tunakwenda
kwa wrap ni pamoja na safu TCP.

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Barua pepe, unaweza kukumbuka,
waliotumwa kupitia bandari 25,

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na tuna chunks nne za data,
hapa, kwamba sisi ni kwenda kuwa na kutumia,

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na hii ni mara ya kwanza wao.

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Hivyo labda yetu safu TCP ina
taarifa kuhusu, vizuri, tuko

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kwenda bandari 25, na hii
ni pakiti namba moja wa nne.

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>> Kuzunguka kwamba, hivyo basi, tuna kila kitu
Maelezo kutunza up pamoja,

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tunakwenda kusema ambapo tunataka
kwenda, mashine nini, nini IP

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zinatakiwa kupata pakiti hii.

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Na hiyo ni sehemu ya safu ya IP.

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Na kuna taarifa nyingine
katika huko pia, kama

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kama anwani kurudi katika
kesi kitu kitaenda vibaya,

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ni anajua wapi kutuma
habari nyuma, na kadhalika.

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>> Lakini safu IP huenda
pande zote za hicho.

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Hiyo jambo nzima ni kutunza
pamoja, kama moja kubwa kitengo,

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na kutumwa kwa njia ya uhamisho IP.

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Hivyo anapata kupelekwa kwa njia ya ruta
mtandao, kwa kutumia internet itifaki.

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Mpokeaji inapokea na
jambo nzima.

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Na kisha unaweza kuanza
kuondosha nini kinatokea hapa.

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Inaonekana katika safu ya IP,
nje safu ya data hii,

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na anasema, yep, hiyo ni IP yangu
anuani ili tuweze kuondokana na hilo.

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Siwezi, aina ya, kupuuza,
haina haja yake tena,

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na inaweza kuangalia ngazi moja zaidi.

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Anaona kuwa, OK, hii ni takwimu ambazo
Ni nia ya kupokelewa katika bandari 25.

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Ni dhahiri sehemu ya kwanza ya nne.

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Kwa hiyo, mimi nina kwenda kuendelea kuwa katika
akili, na kuangalia data,

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na yanayopangwa ni takribani ambapo
Nadhani ni kwenda.

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Sasa, kwa sababu ya itifaki biashara
siyo lazima kesi

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kwamba pakiti inayofuata
mpokeaji anapata, ni pakiti mbili.

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Kwa kweli, karibu
Jambo mpokeaji anapata

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inaweza kuwa pakiti idadi
tatu kwa sababu pakiti hizi

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alichukua njia tofauti kwa sababu ya
trafiki mbalimbali kwenye mtandao.

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Na hivyo, mimi si kwenda na kwenda
kupitia mchoro wa kuijenga

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tena, lakini pakiti tatu
hatua, anapata walimvua mbali

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ya yote ya tabaka wake,
IP safu, safu TCP,

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na data anapata kuweka katika doa haki.

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Na kisha, hebu sema hayo
inapata pakiti nne.

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>> Sasa hebu sema, hiyo ni yake, ni
haina kupata data yoyote zaidi.

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Je, ni kwa kwenda kufanya?

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IP haina kufanya kitu chochote kwa ajili yetu.

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Lakini TCP gani.

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TCP anajua, vizuri, Nimepata kupokea moja ya
nne, tatu ya nne, na nne ya watu wanne.

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Mimi si kupata data yoyote zaidi.

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Hivyo kitu amekwenda vibaya.

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Lakini siwezi kuhakikisha utoaji.

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Najua kwamba pakiti
namba mbili ni kukosa.

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Na hivyo TCP sasa wanaweza kufanya ombi,
aina ya, katika mwelekeo wa kurudi nyuma.

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Bundling juu ya ombi lake
katika njia ile ile,

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na kupeleka kupitia IP,
ambayo, najua, nilikuwa

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kusababisha aina fulani ya kitanzi usio wa
kila mtu kuacha pakiti njiani.

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>> Lakini inatosha kusema kwamba TCP
anasema, mimi kukosa pakiti.

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Mimi haja ya kutuma habari
nyuma ya mtumaji.

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Kwa bahati nzuri mtumaji IP ni,
aina ya, kutunza up katika safu ya IP.

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Ni sehemu of-- ni kurudi
kushughulikia juu ya bahasha.

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Na kusema, mimi kukosa pakiti idadi
mbili, unaweza tafadhali kutuma upya yake.

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Wakati mtumaji inapata
kwamba taarifa,

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haina kutuma
email nzima tena.

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Ni tu inahitaji kutuma kwamba mtu binafsi
kipande cha hiyo ni kukosa,

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hivyo tunaweza kutuma pakiti namba mbili.

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Na wakati anapata yake, sasa TCP anasema,
Nina vipande vyote vinne vya data

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kwamba mimi haja.

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Kwa hiyo, siwezi kuwakusanya pamoja, na
kuchukua kuzuia hii mzima wa habari

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na kuupitisha pamoja na bandari 25, ambapo
itakuwa kutafsiriwa kama barua pepe.

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Na that-- kwa njia hii tumekuwa
sasa kutuma barua pepe kutoka kwa mtumaji

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na mpokeaji kwa kutumia TCP / IP.

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Kwa hiyo, kama nilivyosema, ikiwa katika hatua yoyote
njiani kitu potoka,

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TCP unaweza kukabiliana nayo.

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Ni wanaweza kufanya ombi hilo
Maelezo anapata alimtuma nyuma yake.

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Na inaweza upya ujumbe.

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Na mara moja ni upya ujumbe
kutoka pakiti wote ni kupokea,

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basi inaweza kupanga nao na
kuwaokoa kwa utumishi sahihi.

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>> Hivyo hiyo ni TCP kwa kifupi.

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00:09:11,990 --> 00:09:14,550
Hiyo ni jinsi sisi kuhakikisha
utoaji wa taarifa.

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Kumbuka TCP
mara kwa mara kazi na IP,

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hivyo itifaki hizi mbili
kweli kwenda mkono kwa mkono.

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Tulijadili yao katika video kadhaa
hapa kwa sababu wao kufanya mambo tofauti,

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lakini wao uko hivyo yanayohusiana, wao
utasikia kawaida kuzitumia kwa pamoja.

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>> Mimi nina Doug Lloyd.

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Hii ni CS50.

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