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ROSS RHEINGANS-YOO: Hi, mimi nina Ross.

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Na hii ni CS50 semina.

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Itachukua wewe kutoka programu
katika C na programu katika Python.

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>> Chatu ni lugha scripting.

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Ni kwa kiasi kikubwa kama C
katika syntax, ingawa baadhi

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ya maelezo ya kiufundi ya
jinsi syntax anapata kunyongwa

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ni tofauti kidogo.

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Ni chini ya nguvu kuliko C katika baadhi ya njia.

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Ni chini expressive kwa
ambapo hasa katika kompyuta yako

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kumbukumbu anapata kuweka nje,
jinsi anapata kuweka nje,

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wakati anapata uhuru, na
wale aina ya mambo.

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>> Ni muhimu zaidi kuliko C katika baadhi ya njia,
kwa sababu ni rahisi kwa mpango katika.

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Lugha ni, kwa baadhi
watu, zaidi Intuitive.

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Na kwa kweli, lengo ni kwa
kuwa ni kwa kasi kwa mpango

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na uwezekano wa polepole kutekeleza.

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>> Sasa kama unadhani kuhusu
kiasi cha muda

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alitumia juu ya mwisho yako
tatizo kuweka maandishi

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kanuni yako dhidi ya
kiasi cha muda wanatumia

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juu ya tatizo lako mwisho
kuweka utekelezaji kanuni yako,

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d kufikiria kwamba lugha
ambayo ilikuwa mara mbili kwa haraka kuandika,

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na mara mbili kama mwepesi wa kutekeleza, ili
kuwa kuboresha zaidi C katika baadhi ya njia.

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Hakika wakati wewe ni kujaribu kuandika
programu ndogo kufanya mambo kidogo,

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Chatu ni lugha muhimu ya uchaguzi.

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>> Na mwishoni mwa hii
semina hiyo, natumaini utasikia

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kuwa na uwezo wa kufanya
uchaguzi katika miradi ya baadaye

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kuhusu ambayo ni lugha
sahihi kwa kutumia, si wazo

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kwamba lugha moja ni zaidi
kusahihisha wakati wote.

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Mambo machache kuhusu nini semina ni.

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Semina hii si nia ya
kufundisha chatu kutoka mwanzo.

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Chatu ni sawa
kwa C, na mimi nina kuchukua

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kwamba wewe ni CS50 mwanafunzi, au mtu
na uzoefu sawa na C.

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>> Kama uko CS50 mwanafunzi
karibu tatizo kuweka 6,

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hivyo wameweza kuona mengi ya
mambo katika C, Mimi nitakupa

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tofauti kubwa,
na baadhi ya mambo

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kwamba kufanya chatu tofauti
na maalum na muhimu,

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lakini mimi si kwenda na kwenda kwa
nini lugha ya programu ni

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na jinsi ya kuandika mipango.

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Hata hivyo, semina hii kufundisha
kuandika mipango chatu

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kama wewe ni mmoja wa wale makundi kadhaa.

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Tena tutaangalia jinsi
ungependa kutekeleza psets--

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kwamba lazima 1-6 katika
Python-- na kutoa kuyatumia

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kwa nyaraka rasmi
kwa matumizi ya baadae.

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Jambo jingine hayo ni muhimu
kuhusu jinsi majadiliano hayo ni kwa ajili,

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00:02:03,030 --> 00:02:05,360
video hii itakuwa
online, kwa heshima ya CS50,

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hivyo unapaswa kujisikia kama
unahitaji kuchukua maelezo.

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Unaweza daima kurudi nyuma na kuangalia
saa hiyo baadaye kama kumbukumbu.

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Zaidi ya hayo slides
zinapatikana sasa hivi

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katika tovuti hii, ambayo lazima
kuchukua wewe kufanya doc Google.

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Ni toleo kidogo Abridged
nini mimi nina kuonyesha kwenye screen.

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>> Moja caveat makini kabla
sisi kuruka katika, chatu 3

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ni lugha tofauti na chatu 2.

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Wao kuangalia mengi sawa; kuna
kidogo sana tofauti kiufundi

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ambayo kusababisha mipango
yaliyoandikwa katika Python 2

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si kuwa na uwezo wa wauawe
katika Python 3 mazingira.

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>> Appliance CS50 kuja na
Chatu, na msingi anatumia chatu 2.

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Unaweza kuangalia hili kwa
kuandika katika mstari amri yako

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chatu --version, ambayo lazima pato
2.7.6 juu ya appliance sasa.

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Jaribu chatu 3, ambayo haina
kazi katika appliance,

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kama chatu defaults kwa 2.X.Y, ama kwenye
appliance au kwenye mashine yako mwenyewe.

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Unapaswa kuchukua nafasi ya chatu 3 wowote
katika majadiliano hayo kwamba mimi kuandika chatu.

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Kama mashine yako ni
mbio 2 na msingi, aina

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Chatu 3 ili kuwa na uwezo wa kweli
kufuata pamoja na kutekeleza mambo hayo.

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>> Zaidi ya hayo, mimi itabidi kumweka wewe
katika rasilimali rasmi sasa.

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docs.python.org/3--~~V makini
kwamba hiyo ni 3 na si 2--

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ina marejeo muhimu.

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Mafunzo itachukua wewe kupitia
sehemu kubwa ya mambo sawa

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kwamba mimi nina kufanya sasa, isipokuwa katika fomu asilia.

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Kumbukumbu ni muhimu kama
rejea kwa lugha,

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na maktaba Standard inatoa
wewe baadhi ya upanuzi

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na kazi zaidi.

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>> Hivyo kwanza kabisa chatu mpango.

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Upande wa kushoto tuna kiwango C,
juu ya haki, tuna chatu.

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Unaweza kuwa na kutambuliwa
tatizo hili, ni

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moja ya tatizo la kwanza
seti katika CS50, na hizi

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kulitatua kutumia ufumbuzi huo.

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Sasa, sababu tuko
kuangalia upande hizo kwa upande

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ni ili tuweze kuangalia
kisintaksia tofauti.

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Moja ya tembo katika chumba
kwamba unaweza kuwa niliona haki

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mbali bat, ni kwamba chatu hana
kuu kazi wrapping karibu kificho.

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Hivyo katika C, wewe kuandika rundo la
mafaili, wewe kuwaunganisha pamoja,

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na mpango wa kuanza utekelezaji
katika jambo hili aitwaye int kuu.

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>> Katika chatu, kuandika
faili wewe, nitafanya faili,

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Mpango kuanza utekelezaji
juu ya faili.

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Hivyo ni kwenda kuanza
juu ya faili

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kwenda chini mpaka kupata kitu kingine chochote.

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Kama anaona ufafanuzi kazi,
itakuwa si kweli nitafanya kwamba kanuni,

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itakuwa tu kufafanua kazi.

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Lakini hapa, wakati wa kwanza
mpango huo ni n sawa na 10,

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Jambo la kwanza kwamba mpango huu
kufanya ni kuchukua thamani hii ya 10

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na kuliweka katika variable kuitwa n.

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>> Akizungumza ya kwamba mstari, mmoja wa
wengine things-- sorry-- hii

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maana yake ni kwamba mipango C,
wewe utakuwa kuandika yao,

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itabidi kufanya nao, ambayo itakuwa
waomba baadhi ya amri Clang,

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na kisha utasikia kukimbia
kusababisha kutekelezwa.

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Mipango chatu, kukimbia
Nakala file-- mario.py hii huenda

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kuwa faili hili kwamba mimi tu ilionyesha
you-- utasikia kukimbia kwamba faili

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na wewe utakuwa kutekeleza,
na yaliyomo yake

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itakuwa imetekelezwa na
chatu mkalimani.

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Unaweza kufanya hivyo katika IDE yako.

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>> Hivyo kama nina Habari file,
ambayo tu ina yaliyomo hii.

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Hii ni kweli chatu
2, si chatu 3, hivyo si

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wasiwasi kuhusu syntax kwa sasa.

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Lakini mimi itabidi kukimbia chatu, juu ya
hello.py, na ni anaendesha.

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>> Njia nyingine kwamba naweza kutumia chatu kwamba
Mimi si kukabiliana na mambo mengi katika majadiliano hayo,

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ni kama mimi aina tu chatu, ni
matone yangu ndani ya mazingira ambapo

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Siwezi kulisha ni chatu mstari kwa mstari.

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Hivyo hapa, kama mimi aina katika
magazeti nafasi 'hello, dunia'.

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Aina kuingia.

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Itakuwa mate yangu kwamba kuunga matokeo
kuwa mstari wa mtu binafsi mara moja.

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>> Hii ni inaweza kuwa na manufaa.

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Katika majadiliano hayo nitafanya mambo juu ya slides.

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Na hivyo wewe utakuwa na uwezo wa kufuata
pamoja ama katika hapa, au kwa kuandika

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mafaili halisi na kisha utekelezaji wao.

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>> Lakini, kurejea huu
kanuni, jambo lingine

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kwamba unaweza kuwa
noticed-- vizuri, kuna

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mambo mawili ambayo waweza
taarifa kuhusu vitalu haya.

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Kwanza, badala zaidi mundane, ni kwamba
chatu hana semicolon trailing.

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>> Semicolons ni hiari kila mahali
na wapole kila mahali.

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Unaweza kuongeza yao.

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Inaweza kufanya watu ambao kuandika
Chatu kwa snicker hai saa wewe

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nyuma yako, kwa sababu
wao siyo lazima.

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Wao ni mara nyingi ishara ya anashikiliwa zaidi
kutoka C. wabunifu wa lugha

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kuhisi kuwa ni wazi zaidi kwa njia hii
na kwamba siyo muhimu kwa kutangaza

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kila wakati wewe kumaliza line.

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>> Kitu kingine cha ajabu kuhusu n huu
ni haina aina masharti.

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Moja ya vipande uchawi wa Python--
na mimi nina kwenda kumwita uchawi,

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lakini kuna sana
sababu za kiufundi kwa nini

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works-- moja ya
vipande uchawi wa chatu

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ni kwamba vigezo wanaweza kupanua au
kuogopa vyenye data chochote

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aina ungependa unataka yao.

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>> Hivyo hii ni 10.

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Kama baadaye chini mimi ajili ya hii
n 0.5, itachukua kwamba 0.5.

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Hakuna jambo kwamba ni int hapa na
kuelea huko, kitu chochote ambayo inatumia n huu

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itakuwa, zaidi au chini, kuwa na uwezo wa chug
pamoja kama anapata ama ya wale.

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Isipokuwa kuna baadhi ni za kweli
sababu ni kwa nini hawawezi kutumia data

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aina hiyo n kwa sasa ina,
ambapo kiwango kutakuwa na kupata

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wedged na kutupa makosa,
na wale aina ya mambo.

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>> Lakini hapa, chatu
kweli haina huduma ya kile

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ni kwamba mimi nina kwenda kwa fimbo katika hii
adhabu, kama, unataka kuwa jambo hili?

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Jambo hili kwa kuwa?

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Yeah, ni aina ya kitu.

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Mimi itabidi fimbo yake katika mwisho.

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Ni utakuwa tatizo baadaye, ikiwa
mtu ambaye anataka kutumia kufikia lengo hilo

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hawezi kushughulikia hilo.

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Hii ni moja ya kubwa
tofauti kati ya chatu na C

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kwamba inafanya kuwa rahisi
kuandika kubwa sana mipango C

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na inafanya kuwa rahisi kuandika
ndogo sana chatu mpango.

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>> Kwa syntax siyo sana
tofauti katika kile yake.

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Ni tofauti kidogo
katika jinsi gani walionyesha.

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Hivyo hii ni sana, kile kinachoitwa
Pythonic, njia ya kuandika hayo.

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kwa mstari katika mbalimbali (n), hii ni
mbalimbali ya idadi kutoka 0 kwa n,

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umoja juu ya chini
na ya kipekee juu.

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Hivyo ni kutoka 0 kwa N-1, ambayo ni
nini hasa C kificho anafanya,

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isipokuwa ni rahisi sana
kuangalia labda.

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>> Kuzuia husika ni
si kuweka mbali na braces,

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badala ni kuweka mbali
na indentation hii.

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Basi wote wa mistari haya ni
nafasi nne juu ya upande wa kulia,

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au kama kuhusu tembo upana.

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Na hao ndio walio
kwenda wauawe katika hii kwa.

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Kama mimi fujo up
indentation juu ya hili na mimi

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kushinikiza kwamba magazeti nyuma
indentation awali,

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kwamba magazeti kuondoka kwa kitanzi.

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Tofauti na C, ambapo hapa mimi kwa kweli
haja ya hoja kwamba kufungwa mabao mawili kote.

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>> Hii ina maana kwamba huwezi kupata makosa
kwamba kuruka nje saa wewe kwa sababu wewe

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kuweka brace katika mahali sahihi.

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Haina maana kwamba kupata makosa
kwamba kuruka nje saa wewe kwa sababu wewe

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indented mstari sahihi.

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Hivyo inafanya indentations super makini.

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Hopefully walikuwa kuwa super
makini na indentation yako anyway,

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na hivyo hii si kwamba
zaidi ya mzigo.

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>> Lakini utawala wa msingi kwa chatu,
na tutaweza kuwa wanandoa wa haya

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kwamba tutaweza kwenda kupitia kupitia
kozi ya majadiliano,

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ni kujaribu syntax asili
kabla ya kuangalia kitu chochote juu.

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Hivyo syntax hii, kwa
idadi hii katika mbalimbali,

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ni tofauti sana katika suala la mtindo.

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Kura ya mambo katika Python
tutaona kuchukua fomu hii.

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>> Na hivyo kama wewe kuja
na kitu kipya kwamba

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kufikiri unapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa
iterate juu ya hii, katika muundo huu,

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zamu nje pengine
inasaidia muundo huo.

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Sisi siyo kwenda super kina katika
sababu za kiufundi kwa nini hiyo ni kweli.

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>> Lakini ni muhimu kuwa na Intuition
wakati wewe ni inakaribia mipango chatu,

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00:09:00,167 --> 00:09:01,750
kwamba jambo hili ni kwenda tu kufanya kazi.

185
00:09:01,750 --> 00:09:03,020
Kujaribu.

186
00:09:03,020 --> 00:09:06,480
Boot juu amri Line
Mkalimani, kuona kama ni kazi,

187
00:09:06,480 --> 00:09:09,827
kuendelea na mambo, kabla ya
hata haja ya kufungua Google na kusema,

188
00:09:09,827 --> 00:09:11,660
nini syntax kwa
Jambo hili hasa?

189
00:09:11,660 --> 00:09:14,740
Kura ya chatu ungeweza
kugundua tu kwa kujaribu.

190
00:09:14,740 --> 00:09:19,005
>> Hii ikiwa ni hata zaidi kama
C kisha fors ni.

191
00:09:19,005 --> 00:09:20,380
Kumbuka kwamba hakuna mabano.

192
00:09:20,380 --> 00:09:23,490
Mabano ni, tena,
wapole lakini lazima.

193
00:09:23,490 --> 00:09:25,750
Kuna matumbo mwishoni
kama kwa tanzi,

194
00:09:25,750 --> 00:09:30,800
na tena, vitalu jamaa ni
indented badala ya kuweka mbali na braces.

195
00:09:30,800 --> 00:09:33,080
Kingine Hii ni katika awali
Kiwango cha indentation,

196
00:09:33,080 --> 00:09:35,930
na muhimu kuzuia wake indented tena.

197
00:09:35,930 --> 00:09:41,720
Wale kazi hasa kama wanavyofanya katika C.

198
00:09:41,720 --> 00:09:44,520
>> Hii ni kweli sana sawa.

199
00:09:44,520 --> 00:09:49,430
Tena, magazeti hupoteza tabia moja
mbali ya printf Wewe kupita baadhi ya masharti.

200
00:09:49,430 --> 00:09:51,520
Ni zinageuka masharti
yanaweza ama kuwa alama mbali

201
00:09:51,520 --> 00:09:53,562
na quotes moja au quotes mbili.

202
00:09:53,562 --> 00:09:55,270
Hakuna tofauti,
isipokuwa ndani ya kwamba

203
00:09:55,270 --> 00:09:57,722
ya quotes moja unaweza kutumia
quotes mbili kwa kuachana,

204
00:09:57,722 --> 00:09:59,430
badala ya kuwa na
kutoroka wote.

205
00:09:59,430 --> 00:10:01,480
Na ndani ya quotes mbili, wewe
Unaweza kutumia quotes moja na kuachana

206
00:10:01,480 --> 00:10:02,420
bila ya kuwa na kutoroka kwao.

207
00:10:02,420 --> 00:10:04,253
Kama alitaka kuchanganya
nao, unaweza hakika

208
00:10:04,253 --> 00:10:06,100
kuangalia juu online jinsi ya kufanya hivyo.

209
00:10:06,100 --> 00:10:09,581
>> Utagundua kuwa zaidi ya hapa,
Nimekuwa kupita katika mwisho = jambo hili.

210
00:10:09,581 --> 00:10:12,580
Huu ni mfano wa hiari
Hoja, ambayo ni moja ya mambo

211
00:10:12,580 --> 00:10:14,990
kuwa chatu inasaidia kwamba
inafanya kuwa muhimu kabisa.

212
00:10:14,990 --> 00:10:18,240
Hivyo magazeti kweli ina mengi ya
hoja, ambayo ni kawaida

213
00:10:18,240 --> 00:10:20,140
kuweka default yao
thamani, lakini hapa nimekuwa

214
00:10:20,140 --> 00:10:21,924
aliamua kupuuza mtu mmoja aitwaye mwisho.

215
00:10:21,924 --> 00:10:24,340
Sababu kwamba nina
kuipuuza kwa kamba tupu

216
00:10:24,340 --> 00:10:26,756
ni kwamba magazeti katika Python, na
msingi, Prints nje mstari mpya

217
00:10:26,756 --> 00:10:28,630
baada ya jambo kwamba wewe aliiambia hiyo pia.

218
00:10:28,630 --> 00:10:31,462
>> Hivyo hash hii ni kweli kwenda
magazeti nje hash katika mstari mpya.

219
00:10:31,462 --> 00:10:34,670
Na kama Sitaki hash magazeti nje
mstari mpya baada ya hayo, basi mimi kusema

220
00:10:34,670 --> 00:10:35,340
wala magazeti moja.

221
00:10:35,340 --> 00:10:37,980

222
00:10:37,980 --> 00:10:43,690
Lakini, hata hivyo, jambo moja la mwisho kwamba
mpango huu ni kukosa kwamba mtu ana ni

223
00:10:43,690 --> 00:10:44,960
an ni pamoja na juu.

224
00:10:44,960 --> 00:10:48,120
Magazeti ni Motoni katika Python hivyo kimsingi
kwamba hakuna kichwa au moduli

225
00:10:48,120 --> 00:10:49,869
kwamba unahitaji
pamoja, ingawa kama alitaka

226
00:10:49,869 --> 00:10:52,029
ni pamoja na mambo mengine
katika Python script,

227
00:10:52,029 --> 00:10:55,320
Napenda kufanya hivyo katika format-- sawa
maneno ni kidogo tu tofauti.

228
00:10:55,320 --> 00:10:58,840

229
00:10:58,840 --> 00:11:01,360
>> Mimi alieleza kuwa sisi
hawana haja kuu hapa,

230
00:11:01,360 --> 00:11:03,372
kwa sababu chatu kuanza
utekelezaji juu.

231
00:11:03,372 --> 00:11:05,080
Kama nilitaka wa kufuta
huu katika kazi, mimi

232
00:11:05,080 --> 00:11:07,667
bila kufanya hivyo kama hii mimi
kusema def jina kazi,

233
00:11:07,667 --> 00:11:10,500
hoja wanaweza kwenda katika hapa na tutaweza
kuona baadhi ya wale baadaye, matumbo,

234
00:11:10,500 --> 00:11:13,040
na kisha tena, hii
nzima kuweka mbali na jingo

235
00:11:13,040 --> 00:11:16,810
ni nini kazi
kuzuia kwa kazi hiyo.

236
00:11:16,810 --> 00:11:18,560
Hivyo hii ni ufafanuzi
ya kazi.

237
00:11:18,560 --> 00:11:21,587
Na kuna tamko, basi chini
hapa, naweza tu kuwaita kazi.

238
00:11:21,587 --> 00:11:23,920
Na tena, mpango
mkalimani, kuanzia juu,

239
00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:25,280
utaona hii ni ufafanuzi.

240
00:11:25,280 --> 00:11:27,960
Itakuwa si kutekeleza hii mpaka
kupata hapa, na kisha ni kama, loo

241
00:11:27,960 --> 00:11:30,860
sasa umetumia hilo, mimi
nadhani ni lazima nitafanya hivyo.

242
00:11:30,860 --> 00:11:33,850
>> Jambo hilo ni la kawaida sana
kuona katika Python mafaili,

243
00:11:33,850 --> 00:11:36,700
hasa chatu mafaili kwamba
ni iliyotolewa kwa umma

244
00:11:36,700 --> 00:11:41,650
na maendeleo by-- na maendeleo na
iimarishwe, ni kitu cha aina hii.

245
00:11:41,650 --> 00:11:44,540
Hii ni basically-- hivyo kwa sababu
Chatu, kuanza juu

246
00:11:44,540 --> 00:11:50,310
na kisha kutekeleza chini kwa chini,
Mimi kama mimi tu alikuwa Mario walioitwa hapa,

247
00:11:50,310 --> 00:11:54,190
kisha wakati wowote mimi ni pamoja na faili hii katika
faili jingine, kwa sababu nilitaka kutumia

248
00:11:54,190 --> 00:11:58,580
ni Mario kazi, kwamba faili wengine ingekuwa
pia kuwa wito huu kwa Mario ndani yake.

249
00:11:58,580 --> 00:12:01,000
Na wakati mimi mbio faili kwamba,
ingekuwa kuwaita Mario.

250
00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:04,520
>> Hivyo inawezekana kwamba mimi tu
unataka kukimbia huu ikiwa nimepata kweli

251
00:12:04,520 --> 00:12:07,290
kunyongwa faili hili fulani.

252
00:12:07,290 --> 00:12:11,520
Na hivyo siwezi kufuta hii katika
nahau kama hii, ambapo nasema,

253
00:12:11,520 --> 00:12:14,820
kama jina la utekelezaji huu
mazingira ni kuu,

254
00:12:14,820 --> 00:12:16,200
kisha nataka kufanya mambo haya.

255
00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:18,710
Vinginevyo mtu mwingine anaweza
use-- ni pamoja na function-- yangu

256
00:12:18,710 --> 00:12:22,510
faili yangu, na tu kupata
upatikanaji wa kazi hizo

257
00:12:22,510 --> 00:12:25,552
bila ya kuwa na kuendesha mambo
kuwa nataka kutekeleza katika faili hii.

258
00:12:25,552 --> 00:12:27,260
Hii ni mara ya pili, hiari
lakini kawaida sana.

259
00:12:27,260 --> 00:12:30,450

260
00:12:30,450 --> 00:12:33,840
>> Mambo hayo ni entirely-- ni
sawa kati ya C na chatu,

261
00:12:33,840 --> 00:12:35,100
hakika katika 3.

262
00:12:35,100 --> 00:12:38,610
Nadhani katika 2, mgawanyo operator
wakati mwingine anatoa nyuma ikifungwa wakati

263
00:12:38,610 --> 00:12:41,450
wewe upasuaji ints, na ama
alitaka kuwa au wewe hakufanya hivyo.

264
00:12:41,450 --> 00:12:44,777
Lakini plus, bala, na mara
kazi hasa kama wewe d kutarajia,

265
00:12:44,777 --> 00:12:46,110
ila juu ya aina kidogo zaidi.

266
00:12:46,110 --> 00:12:49,740
Hivyo unaweza kuzidisha ikifungwa na
ints, na wale aina ya mambo.

267
00:12:49,740 --> 00:12:52,480
>> kuweka kazi sawa.

268
00:12:52,480 --> 00:12:54,310
Unaweza kutumia ishara mbili sawa.

269
00:12:54,310 --> 00:12:59,000
inequals-- mkubwa kuliko, chini
kuliko, aina hii ya things--

270
00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:02,580
kuwa na maana kwamba
wewe ni ukoo na wao.

271
00:13:02,580 --> 00:13:05,770
>> Ambapo C anatumia waendeshaji hao,
Chatu anatumia kidogo zaidi Kiingereza

272
00:13:05,770 --> 00:13:06,390
someka ndio.

273
00:13:06,390 --> 00:13:09,348
Hivyo badala ya mbili, ampersands, wewe
halisi aina ya neno "na", "au,"

274
00:13:09,348 --> 00:13:10,740
au "si."

275
00:13:10,740 --> 00:13:13,420
Kama katika if-- yako katika yako
kauli masharti,

276
00:13:13,420 --> 00:13:17,670
tuliona mapema kwamba syntax hii katika C
sambamba na syntax hii katika Python.

277
00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:21,010
Na si kuna mengi tofauti
hapo, ila kwa kidogo

278
00:13:21,010 --> 00:13:24,780
ya uandishi kuzunguka pande zote.

279
00:13:24,780 --> 00:13:28,890
Tena, ambapo C ingekuwa mwingine
kama, chatu anatumia elif,

280
00:13:28,890 --> 00:13:33,960
lakini hizi ni zaidi
kiwango cha uso mabadiliko.

281
00:13:33,960 --> 00:13:38,450
>> Iteration kama hii ni mara nyingi
Imeandikwa katika idiom hii katika Python.

282
00:13:38,450 --> 00:13:42,350
Unaweza kutengeneza aina hii ya
Jambo kwa kitanzi wakati juu ya nje

283
00:13:42,350 --> 00:13:46,387
kama alitaka, lakini wewe
hakika si lazima.

284
00:13:46,387 --> 00:13:48,970
Na tena, kama alitaka
magazeti nje vipengele katika safu ya

285
00:13:48,970 --> 00:13:50,560
unaweza kufanya hivyo kwa njia hii.

286
00:13:50,560 --> 00:13:52,927
Moja ya mambo ya kujifurahisha
kuhusu chatu ingawa,

287
00:13:52,927 --> 00:13:54,760
ni kwamba huna haja
kutumia dhana hii,

288
00:13:54,760 --> 00:13:57,290
na unaweza kutumia
kidogo zaidi ya kifahari moja.

289
00:13:57,290 --> 00:13:59,370
Unaweza kusema kwa ary katika.

290
00:13:59,370 --> 00:14:02,980
>> Hivyo badala ya kwenda hapa
na bomba zaidi fahirisi,

291
00:14:02,980 --> 00:14:05,630
na kisha kuunganisha nje
mambo ya mtu binafsi,

292
00:14:05,630 --> 00:14:08,644
kumweleza kwa kweli tu
kukimbia juu ya mambo wenyewe.

293
00:14:08,644 --> 00:14:11,060
Na kisha chochote ni kufanya
ndani ya wanaweza kufanya kazi moja kwa moja

294
00:14:11,060 --> 00:14:13,260
juu ya mambo, ambayo ni pretty furaha.

295
00:14:13,260 --> 00:14:16,710
Na tutaweza see-- tutaweza kutumia
kwamba idiom tena na tena

296
00:14:16,710 --> 00:14:18,050
kama sisi kutembea kwa njia ya kificho.

297
00:14:18,050 --> 00:14:20,091
>> Hii ni, tena, mfano
wa kitu ambacho mimi itabidi

298
00:14:20,091 --> 00:14:23,300
piga chatu uchawi, ingawa kuna
sababu za kiufundi sana kwa nini ni kazi.

299
00:14:23,300 --> 00:14:26,340
Na kuna mambo ya kiufundi kwamba
haja ya kuwa kweli kuhusu safu ili

300
00:14:26,340 --> 00:14:28,340
kwa hii kazi nyuma ya pazia.

301
00:14:28,340 --> 00:14:31,390
Suala hapa ni kwamba aina ya
ambayo wewe d kutarajia hii kazi

302
00:14:31,390 --> 00:14:36,610
wamekuwa na hii kutekelezwa kwa
wewe katika kujengwa katika lugha.

303
00:14:36,610 --> 00:14:40,030
>> Kitu kingine kwamba itakuwa nzuri
kama hii kazi katika kila lugha,

304
00:14:40,030 --> 00:14:45,460
lakini kuna baadhi ya sababu kwa nini hawawezi,
magazeti kamba huu mara idadi hii.

305
00:14:45,460 --> 00:14:48,860
Zamu nje katika Python, hii gani hasa
nini Ningependa, ambayo ni tu kujifurahisha,

306
00:14:48,860 --> 00:14:52,840
na maana yake ni kwamba tunaweza kweli
kupunguza mpango huu, tena mario.c.

307
00:14:52,840 --> 00:14:57,150
Badala ya iterating mengi, tunaweza
tu kusema, nataka baadhi idadi ya nafasi,

308
00:14:57,150 --> 00:15:01,120
Nataka idadi ya hashes,
na baadhi hashes mwishoni.

309
00:15:01,120 --> 00:15:02,640
Na tena, sisi kutumia muundo huu.

310
00:15:02,640 --> 00:15:05,340
>> Hapa, sisi ni kupita katika
kutofautiana kwa njia hii.

311
00:15:05,340 --> 00:15:08,050
Tena, hatuna haja ya kusema
ni aina gani ya kutofautiana ni,

312
00:15:08,050 --> 00:15:11,322
na wakati tu tutaweza
kupata makosa ni wakati kukimbia.

313
00:15:11,322 --> 00:15:13,030
Wakati mtu anajaribu
kupita kitu katika,

314
00:15:13,030 --> 00:15:14,860
kutakuwa na kuja katika kazi nzuri tu.

315
00:15:14,860 --> 00:15:18,240
Kama sisi kabari hapa kwa sababu hii si
Jambo kwamba unaweza kujenga safu juu,

316
00:15:18,240 --> 00:15:22,100
Mimi itabidi kupata Runtime kosa pale,
na mimi itabidi Debug kwa njia hiyo.

317
00:15:22,100 --> 00:15:25,050
Lakini wakati huo huo, sina
kuwa makini sana kuhusu nini

318
00:15:25,050 --> 00:15:32,800
anapata kupita katika, hivyo muda mrefu kama katika halisi
utekelezaji yote kazi cleanly sana.

319
00:15:32,800 --> 00:15:35,080
>> Mimi naweza hata kufanya hii
kidogo safi

320
00:15:35,080 --> 00:15:41,770
kutumia hasa kujengwa katika kazi
juu ya masharti, ambayo ni Right Justify.

321
00:15:41,770 --> 00:15:45,250
Hii ni kazi muhimu
amelala karibu maktaba.

322
00:15:45,250 --> 00:15:47,660
Ni katika nyaraka
kama wewe kwenda na kuangalia kwa ajili yake.

323
00:15:47,660 --> 00:15:51,650
Na nasema, vizuri mimi nina kwenda na
kamba hii, baadhi ya idadi ya hashes,

324
00:15:51,650 --> 00:15:56,390
na Ningependa haki kuhalalisha it-- pedi
ni nje na nafasi ya kuwa urefu huu.

325
00:15:56,390 --> 00:16:00,584
>> Tena, hii ni katika
nyaraka, ambayo huleta us--

326
00:16:00,584 --> 00:16:03,500
Mimi itabidi kweli click kupitia these--
ambayo inatuleta utawala wetu wa pili

327
00:16:03,500 --> 00:16:06,990
kwa Python-- kiwango maktaba
mbinu kazi ni rafiki yako.

328
00:16:06,990 --> 00:16:09,880
Na ni mara nyingi wakati thamani yako
kwenda kuangalia kwa Nashangaa

329
00:16:09,880 --> 00:16:12,310
kama kuna jambo kwamba tu hana huu.

330
00:16:12,310 --> 00:16:13,830
Kuna pengine.

331
00:16:13,830 --> 00:16:15,990
Kama Ningependa kwa pedi
nje kamba, kama wewe d

332
00:16:15,990 --> 00:16:17,470
kama kuchukua nyuma
nusu ya kamba, kama wewe d

333
00:16:17,470 --> 00:16:20,370
kama kutafuta njia kamba, ikiwa
Ningependa smash michache ya mambo

334
00:16:20,370 --> 00:16:22,420
pamoja na kamba
kwa koma baina yao,

335
00:16:22,420 --> 00:16:24,640
kuna kiwango maktaba
kazi kwa kufanya hivyo.

336
00:16:24,640 --> 00:16:27,190
>> Na inafanya maisha yako
rahisi kama wewe kuzitumia

337
00:16:27,190 --> 00:16:29,240
badala ya rolling nje
kila kitu juu yako mwenyewe

338
00:16:29,240 --> 00:16:31,650
katika mistari mitano ya kificho hapa,
mistari mitano ya kificho hapa.

339
00:16:31,650 --> 00:16:34,430
Kwamba kweli kuanza saa
kuongeza hadi muda muafaka.

340
00:16:34,430 --> 00:16:37,430
>> Moja ya mambo ya kuvutia
kuhusu jinsi hii anapata kuitwa.

341
00:16:37,430 --> 00:16:39,980
Utagundua kwamba kuna nukta kitu ni.

342
00:16:39,980 --> 00:16:43,490
Mimi na baadhi ya kitu upande wa kushoto,
na kisha mimi kuitwa nukta kazi.

343
00:16:43,490 --> 00:16:49,780
Hii ni moja ya dhana kwamba chatu
anatumia kwa attaching mbinu za vitu.

344
00:16:49,780 --> 00:16:54,410
Tutaweza majadiliano juu ya jambo hili
ni kwa ufupi sana mwishoni,

345
00:16:54,410 --> 00:16:58,510
lakini tunajua kwamba tunaweza wote kazi juu ya
mambo kwa kuchukua kwamba kitu akisema nukta

346
00:16:58,510 --> 00:17:01,690
chochote, au kwa kupiga
kazi ambayo inachukua

347
00:17:01,690 --> 00:17:04,339
kwamba kitu na baadhi hoja nyingine.

348
00:17:04,339 --> 00:17:07,450
>> Basi hizi ni kwamba njia zote mbili
kufanya mambo katika Python.

349
00:17:07,450 --> 00:17:09,780
Na kama fulani
utendaji huo unatekelezwa

350
00:17:09,780 --> 00:17:14,230
kwa mtindo huu au huu
mtindo ni kitu ambacho

351
00:17:14,230 --> 00:17:19,990
lazima atafute mpaka kupata hutegemea
ambayo moja ni uwezekano wa kuanguka katika.

352
00:17:19,990 --> 00:17:22,660
Kuna zaidi au chini ya kushikamana
falsafa nyuma chatu

353
00:17:22,660 --> 00:17:24,930
kwamba kunyonya zaidi
kwa kuandika mengi ndani yake.

354
00:17:24,930 --> 00:17:28,190
Wakati fulani, ambayo mmoja wa haya
kitu utatekelezwa kama

355
00:17:28,190 --> 00:17:29,470
inakuwa asili.

356
00:17:29,470 --> 00:17:32,420
Kwa sasa, ni kitu
wewe kujifunza kama wewe kufikiri

357
00:17:32,420 --> 00:17:34,140
kila kitu binafsi.

358
00:17:34,140 --> 00:17:36,420
>> Hivyo kiwango cha maktaba
kazi ni rafiki yako,

359
00:17:36,420 --> 00:17:41,320
na wao basi wewe kuandika mambo ambayo
kuchukua nafasi hii kiasi kweli muda mfupi,

360
00:17:41,320 --> 00:17:42,040
kweli elegantly.

361
00:17:42,040 --> 00:17:45,670
Na hii ni kweli pengine zaidi
legible, ningesema, kuliko mpango C

362
00:17:45,670 --> 00:17:46,780
kule.

363
00:17:46,780 --> 00:17:49,730
Bila kutaja ukweli kwamba ni hivyo
short unaweza fit tembo nzima

364
00:17:49,730 --> 00:17:52,250
katika nafasi hiyo tumekuwa kuokolewa.

365
00:17:52,250 --> 00:17:56,270
>> Kitu kingine, hii ni utekelezaji
ya Mario hiyo ni nukta C, ambayo nadhani

366
00:17:56,270 --> 00:17:57,890
ni fupi unaweza kupata hiyo.

367
00:17:57,890 --> 00:18:00,757
Haina kupata int, lakini
ni ngumu codes thamani ya 10

368
00:18:00,757 --> 00:18:02,090
njia ile ile kwamba hii mtu gani.

369
00:18:02,090 --> 00:18:06,080
Zinageuka kuwa hii moja Clocks katika saa
Wahusika 84, ambapo chatu ni 64.

370
00:18:06,080 --> 00:18:11,490
Na hii ni kubwa zaidi
someka kuliko huu takataka hapa.

371
00:18:11,490 --> 00:18:14,610
Hivyo chatu ni ufanisi zaidi katika nafasi.

372
00:18:14,610 --> 00:18:17,260
Ni kidogo kidogo ufanisi
katika muda, lakini si kwa kiasi.

373
00:18:17,260 --> 00:18:18,890
>> Orodha ni jambo muhimu katika Python.

374
00:18:18,890 --> 00:18:21,540

375
00:18:21,540 --> 00:18:24,587
Hatujaona yao, lakini
kazi kiasi kama arrays kufanya katika C.

376
00:18:24,587 --> 00:18:27,170
Hivyo hapa, unaweza kutangaza yao,
unaweza kupita yao katika jambo.

377
00:18:27,170 --> 00:18:29,810
Sasa viwanja ana
safu ya mambo haya.

378
00:18:29,810 --> 00:18:33,480
Tena, sisi si alitangaza kama
aina, lakini kama sisi milele kujaribu kuitumia,

379
00:18:33,480 --> 00:18:36,260
chochote ambacho wewe d kutarajia kwa
kazi ya safu ya integers

380
00:18:36,260 --> 00:18:40,130
ni kwenda kufanya kazi kwenye
safu ya integers.

381
00:18:40,130 --> 00:18:42,030
>> Hii Ni jambo ambalo
wewe kabisa hawezi

382
00:18:42,030 --> 00:18:47,390
kufanya katika C, kwa sababu
kumbukumbu ni hivyo mikono juu,

383
00:18:47,390 --> 00:18:48,950
lakini ni rahisi sana kufanya katika Python.

384
00:18:48,950 --> 00:18:55,310
Kama nataka safu yangu kuwa kubwa, siwezi
append kipengele nalo na ni faini.

385
00:18:55,310 --> 00:18:57,150
>> Nini kinaendelea nyuma ya pazia?

386
00:18:57,150 --> 00:18:59,150
Mkalimani kwenda
nje na kupata baadhi ya kumbukumbu,

387
00:18:59,150 --> 00:19:00,860
na labda kutakuwa na kupata
kidogo ya kumbukumbu ya ziada,

388
00:19:00,860 --> 00:19:03,090
hivyo mimi si hivyo sina
kwa realloc kila wakati.

389
00:19:03,090 --> 00:19:04,897
Lakini ni kiasi gani na zaidi
kumbukumbu gani haja?

390
00:19:04,897 --> 00:19:06,730
Hii si maamuzi
kwamba una kufanya,

391
00:19:06,730 --> 00:19:10,540
hizi ni maamuzi ambayo
mkalimani ni kwenda kufanya.

392
00:19:10,540 --> 00:19:12,270
>> Hapa tunaona mbalimbali Unaweza
kuchukua hoja mbili,

393
00:19:12,270 --> 00:19:16,430
lakini bado kwenda kuwa umoja
ya juu hivyo sisi kuongeza 1 huko.

394
00:19:16,430 --> 00:19:21,970
Hii ni namna ya neno, ambayo ni hata zaidi
njia wajanja kuandika mambo kama haya.

395
00:19:21,970 --> 00:19:25,980
Ni wito orodha ufahamu,
na hapa ni nini sisi ni kusema

396
00:19:25,980 --> 00:19:32,560
ni Ningependa kuweka katika i mraba
kwa kila thamani ya i katika mbalimbali huu.

397
00:19:32,560 --> 00:19:35,770
Jambo hili juu ya haki inaweza kuwa mwingine
safu, na jambo hili upande wa kushoto

398
00:19:35,770 --> 00:19:40,740
kuwa kazi yoyote ile
ambayo ingeweza kuchukua katika i kama kutofautiana

399
00:19:40,740 --> 00:19:42,250
na kunipa nje baadhi matokeo.

400
00:19:42,250 --> 00:19:43,480
>> Nini mimi kwenda kufanya ni,
Mimi nina kwenda kujenga

401
00:19:43,480 --> 00:19:46,200
safu hiyo ni mambo yote haya
kwa kila thamani katika mbalimbali huu.

402
00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:48,960

403
00:19:48,960 --> 00:19:55,670
Na hii ni super kifahari, super mfupi,
na ni wazi kabisa nini maana yake.

404
00:19:55,670 --> 00:19:59,190
Hii ni moja ya
things-- hii ni mara ya pili,

405
00:19:59,190 --> 00:20:03,860
moja of-- nembo sana ya
sababu ya kuwa watu kama chatu.

406
00:20:03,860 --> 00:20:05,900
Kama wewe kama programu
kama hii, basi chatu

407
00:20:05,900 --> 00:20:07,830
ni lugha unaweza kama kujifunza.

408
00:20:07,830 --> 00:20:10,950
>> Na tena, kuna kiufundi
sababu kwa nini hii kazi.

409
00:20:10,950 --> 00:20:14,730
Lakini mbali kama sisi ni wasiwasi,
sisi zaidi au chini hawajali.

410
00:20:14,730 --> 00:20:18,500
>> Hivyo kama unataka magazeti nje orodha,
baadhi ya Nahau huo ni muhimu.

411
00:20:18,500 --> 00:20:20,940
Kwa i katika mbalimbali huu, tunaweza
ripoti kwa mambo yote

412
00:20:20,940 --> 00:20:23,140
na kisha magazeti wote nje.

413
00:20:23,140 --> 00:20:24,650
Na wewe utakuwa kuona Len hapa.

414
00:20:24,650 --> 00:20:27,150
Kama wameweza milele alitaka kupata
urefu wa safu, hiyo ni

415
00:20:27,150 --> 00:20:31,150
rahisi sana katika Python,
ni vigumu sana katika C.

416
00:20:31,150 --> 00:20:33,720
Hii itakuwa magazeti nje hasa
nini d kutarajia kwa.

417
00:20:33,720 --> 00:20:36,986
Tunaweza pia, kama tumeona kabla,
iterate juu ya vipengele katika safu

418
00:20:36,986 --> 00:20:39,860
moja kwa moja, na kisha tu majadiliano juu ya
nao, kuliko kuwa na ripoti

419
00:20:39,860 --> 00:20:43,190
nyuma katika safu ya kila wakati.

420
00:20:43,190 --> 00:20:45,990
>> Na hili ni jambo kwamba unaweza kufanya.

421
00:20:45,990 --> 00:20:49,984
Hivyo katika C, kama wewe kuuliza kwa kitu
kama hii, magazeti kusema,

422
00:20:49,984 --> 00:20:51,150
hiyo ni safu ya integers.

423
00:20:51,150 --> 00:20:53,456
Hiyo ni dhahiri si
kamba, siwezi magazeti hayo.

424
00:20:53,456 --> 00:20:54,830
Chatu zaidi au chini haina huduma.

425
00:20:54,830 --> 00:20:57,496
Ni kama, kuna njia ya kuwa mimi
inaweza kugeuka hii katika kwa kamba?

426
00:20:57,496 --> 00:20:58,500
Naam, mimi itabidi kufanya hivyo.

427
00:20:58,500 --> 00:21:01,600
Na hivyo mimi itabidi tu magazeti kwamba nje.

428
00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:03,640
Hii ina maana kwamba unaweza
kufanya mambo haya like--

429
00:21:03,640 --> 00:21:06,530
ni zaidi ya sehemu ngumu
ya mchezo wa kumi na tano, imeandikwa

430
00:21:06,530 --> 00:21:08,930
sana kwa ufupi katika Python.

431
00:21:08,930 --> 00:21:11,320
>> Utaona kwamba kuna
kidogo of-- hapa

432
00:21:11,320 --> 00:21:14,441
Nimekuwa kutupwa integer kwa kamba,
na mimi kuwa kufanya hivyo manually.

433
00:21:14,441 --> 00:21:16,190
Na mimi nina kwenda kuongeza
kwa kamba nyingine,

434
00:21:16,190 --> 00:21:17,590
au vinginevyo chatu anapata kuchanganyikiwa.

435
00:21:17,590 --> 00:21:19,840
Lakini kama wakati uko
kuongeza kamba kwa integer,

436
00:21:19,840 --> 00:21:22,630
am nadhani ya kupata
integer nyuma au kamba nyuma?

437
00:21:22,630 --> 00:21:24,480
Lakini tena, kama wewe tu
piga str juu ya jambo,

438
00:21:24,480 --> 00:21:27,240
na ni inaweza uwezekano wowote katika
dunia kuwa waongofu katika kamba,

439
00:21:27,240 --> 00:21:30,390
pengine itakuwa
waongofu katika kamba.

440
00:21:30,390 --> 00:21:33,120
>> Hapa, tunaona matumizi ya
Furushi orodha ya ufahamu

441
00:21:33,120 --> 00:21:38,690
upande wa kushoto, baadhi Indexing, ambayo
ni hasa kama wewe d kuwa kutumika yake,

442
00:21:38,690 --> 00:21:40,060
na baadhi uchapishaji nje ya mambo.

443
00:21:40,060 --> 00:21:42,560
Baadhi tena, tumekuwa inavyoelezwa
kazi na tutaweza kuwaita chini

444
00:21:42,560 --> 00:21:45,820
katika kuu wakati sisi kweli kupata faili.

445
00:21:45,820 --> 00:21:52,004
kurudi kazi hasa kama wewe d
kutarajia kutoka kufanya kazi na C. Kupata,

446
00:21:52,004 --> 00:21:54,420
tunaweza kuanzisha mambo kama
Haya hapa ni orodha ya ufahamu

447
00:21:54,420 --> 00:21:59,245
kuna zoezi kwa kutofautiana,
na tunaweza kweli kufanya hivyo hata rahisi.

448
00:21:59,245 --> 00:22:01,870
Hatuna haja ya kuandika utafutaji,
kwa sababu kujengwa katika lugha

449
00:22:01,870 --> 00:22:04,230
ni kama jambo hili ni katika safu hii.

450
00:22:04,230 --> 00:22:05,680
Kurudi kweli, pengine kurudi uongo.

451
00:22:05,680 --> 00:22:08,830
Hivyo hiyo ni ukamilifu wa kupata.

452
00:22:08,830 --> 00:22:12,230
>> Ukamilifu wa aina
inahusisha wito aina,

453
00:22:12,230 --> 00:22:15,462
ambayo is-- kuna utekelezaji
ya hii kujengwa katika maktaba fulani C.

454
00:22:15,462 --> 00:22:17,170
Kama Ningependa huu
aina ya nyuma, wewe

455
00:22:17,170 --> 00:22:20,450
Unaweza kupuuza hii hiari
Hoja kwa kinyume na kweli.

456
00:22:20,450 --> 00:22:23,350

457
00:22:23,350 --> 00:22:27,860
Na kama Ningependa kutatua juu ya
masharti, hiyo ni kujengwa katika kama vile.

458
00:22:27,860 --> 00:22:31,950
>> Hivyo hii si kusema hivi ni
mambo ambayo unahitaji kufanya kila siku,

459
00:22:31,950 --> 00:22:34,280
lakini wazo ni kwamba hii
ni falsafa ya chatu,

460
00:22:34,280 --> 00:22:37,530
kwamba mambo haya yote ambayo wewe d
aina ya kutaka kufanya ni kujengwa katika.

461
00:22:37,530 --> 00:22:42,410
Na kazi zaidi ya kiwango,
hivyo aina, urefu, chochote,

462
00:22:42,410 --> 00:22:44,380
kusaidia pembejeo zaidi kifikra busara.

463
00:22:44,380 --> 00:22:49,020
Wewe wito Len juu ya safu hiyo
njia wito Len juu ya kamba.

464
00:22:49,020 --> 00:22:55,785
Wewe multiply-- wewe kutatua masharti
njia hiyo hiyo aina arrays.

465
00:22:55,785 --> 00:22:58,930

466
00:22:58,930 --> 00:23:00,740
>> Wengi kazi ya kiwango
kwamba watu kujenga,

467
00:23:00,740 --> 00:23:03,000
na zaidi ya tatu
maktaba kwamba watu

468
00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:06,980
kujenga, kwa sababu wao ni emulating
mpango wa maktaba standard,

469
00:23:06,980 --> 00:23:10,190
anaweza kuitwa juu ya kila kitu ambayo uko
kama, kwa nini haina hii tu kazi,

470
00:23:10,190 --> 00:23:12,800
katika C. Zaidi au chini,
itakuwa kazi katika Python

471
00:23:12,800 --> 00:23:15,930
kwa sababu watu kazi nyuma ya takwimu
nini jambo ni na kisha kazi

472
00:23:15,930 --> 00:23:17,510
ipasavyo juu yake.

473
00:23:17,510 --> 00:23:22,760
Hivyo tena, historia ya kiufundi, lakini
hufanya maisha yetu rahisi kama programmers.

474
00:23:22,760 --> 00:23:26,820
>> Hivyo hapa ni faili I / O. faili I / O ina kura ya
mambo madogo kwamba kufanya hivyo ni ngumu,

475
00:23:26,820 --> 00:23:29,890
na hivyo kuna rasilimali
online, lakini kwa kifupi,

476
00:23:29,890 --> 00:23:33,010
wewe piga wazi kwenye faili la
jina na aina fulani.

477
00:23:33,010 --> 00:23:37,640
Hivyo hiyo ni kusoma, kusoma na
kuandika, kuandika au append.

478
00:23:37,640 --> 00:23:41,790
Kusoma idadi fulani ya
wahusika nje na magazeti hayo,

479
00:23:41,790 --> 00:23:42,595
utasikia kupata Hello!

480
00:23:42,595 --> 00:23:43,970
I mean, kama faili hili alikuwa Hello!

481
00:23:43,970 --> 00:23:46,480
Katika barua hiyo, piga kusoma,
na nini itabidi kupata nyuma

482
00:23:46,480 --> 00:23:49,520
ni kamba ambayo ina kila
ya mapumziko ya safu,

483
00:23:49,520 --> 00:23:50,860
au yote ya mapumziko ya faili.

484
00:23:50,860 --> 00:23:53,805

485
00:23:53,805 --> 00:23:56,055
Kama wito kusoma tena,
uko mwishoni mwa faili,

486
00:23:56,055 --> 00:23:58,138
na hivyo huwezi kupata
chochote na hivyo itabidi karibu.

487
00:23:58,138 --> 00:24:02,510
Tena, hii ni .close badala ya
faili karibu, kama itakuwa katika C.

488
00:24:02,510 --> 00:24:07,190
Hii ni zaidi au chini kwa sababu f ni
Jambo, na Ningependa kwa f kwa karibu.

489
00:24:07,190 --> 00:24:12,092
Lakini faili msingi I / O ni si
hasa ngumu.

490
00:24:12,092 --> 00:24:15,300
Tena, kama Ningependa kufungua faili, ikiwa
Ningependa kusoma mstari fulani,

491
00:24:15,300 --> 00:24:17,870
unaweza kupata nje ya fulani
line-- kuna kujengwa-ins kwa ajili hiyo.

492
00:24:17,870 --> 00:24:19,995
Kama Ningependa kuandika
Jambo, unaweza kuandika hii.

493
00:24:19,995 --> 00:24:23,412
Kama Ningependa kuandika binafsi
kuumwa, unaweza kuandika hizo.

494
00:24:23,412 --> 00:24:25,620
Na kama Ningependa iterate
juu ya mistari ya faili

495
00:24:25,620 --> 00:24:29,557
mmoja mmoja, kama tulivyofanya katika kipande kutoka
Wiki chache zilizopita, unaweza kufanya hivyo kwa.

496
00:24:29,557 --> 00:24:32,140
Tena, vitu zaidi kwamba wewe d
kama kuwa na uwezo wa iterate juu ya

497
00:24:32,140 --> 00:24:33,780
msaada iterating juu yao.

498
00:24:33,780 --> 00:24:37,430
Katika chatu, faili ni labda jambo ambalo
Ningependa iterate juu ya mstari kwa mstari.

499
00:24:37,430 --> 00:24:39,138
Kama ilivyokuwa kamusi
ya maneno na mimi nilikuwa

500
00:24:39,138 --> 00:24:42,181
kujaribu kupata wale mtu binafsi
Maneno nje, basi, ndani ya kitanzi hii,

501
00:24:42,181 --> 00:24:44,180
mstari ni kwenda kuwa
kila neno kwa upande na hii

502
00:24:44,180 --> 00:24:47,880
kinaenda wauawe kwa kila mstari
katika faili mpaka mwisho wa faili.

503
00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:52,280
Na tena, kama mimi kuchapishwa kila
mstari, mistari kuja na mistari mpya,

504
00:24:52,280 --> 00:24:54,740
hivyo mimi nina kuweka mwisho
nyuma kwa jambo kama hili.

505
00:24:54,740 --> 00:24:56,580
Kisha Ningependa kupata yaliyomo ya faili yangu.

506
00:24:56,580 --> 00:25:03,610

507
00:25:03,610 --> 00:25:07,480
>> Jambo la pili ambayo inafanya kazi katika
baadhi ya njia kama orodha, na katika baadhi ya njia

508
00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:11,870
kama kitu kikubwa
nguvu zaidi,

509
00:25:11,870 --> 00:25:16,170
ni Mkwawa, ambayo ni kweli
baridi kutumia lakini kimsingi hash

510
00:25:16,170 --> 00:25:17,670
meza katika kujificha.

511
00:25:17,670 --> 00:25:23,330
Wewe kujenga moja kwa kutumia hasa
wahusika wawili, ambao ni wa kushangaza

512
00:25:23,330 --> 00:25:25,959
kama wewe walijaribu kutekeleza
hash meza kwa tatizo seti yako,

513
00:25:25,959 --> 00:25:27,250
unajua maumivu kiasi kwamba wanaweza kuwa.

514
00:25:27,250 --> 00:25:29,390
Lakini watu wamefanya
, na kufanya hivyo vizuri,

515
00:25:29,390 --> 00:25:32,260
kwamba huna kwa
wasiwasi kuhusu hilo tena.

516
00:25:32,260 --> 00:25:35,180
>> Basi unaweza kuingiza mambo ya mtu binafsi.

517
00:25:35,180 --> 00:25:38,110
Hash tables-- au Mkwawa
si hasa

518
00:25:38,110 --> 00:25:40,240
huduma ya kile wewe ni hifadhi ndani yao.

519
00:25:40,240 --> 00:25:44,210
Hivyo kama baadhi viingilio ni idadi,
na baadhi entries ni orodha,

520
00:25:44,210 --> 00:25:47,360
kama baadhi viingilio ni Mkwawa mengine,
na baadhi entries ni masharti,

521
00:25:47,360 --> 00:25:49,930
Chatu hana huduma nyingi.

522
00:25:49,930 --> 00:25:53,460
>> Tena, kama wewe kwenda ndani yake wanatarajia
kamba na nini kupata nyuma

523
00:25:53,460 --> 00:25:56,269
ni safu, hiyo ni tatizo lako.

524
00:25:56,269 --> 00:25:58,810
Na labda ni kosa la ye yote
walidhani ilikuwa kuweka mambo

525
00:25:58,810 --> 00:26:00,476
katika kamusi, labda hiyo ilikuwa yenu.

526
00:26:00,476 --> 00:26:02,350
Kama hiyo ilikuwa mtu
mwingine, pengine walikuwa

527
00:26:02,350 --> 00:26:04,520
vizuri tulipokuwa kuhusu nini
kinachoendelea katika kamusi

528
00:26:04,520 --> 00:26:07,420
na hakuwa na kuondoka pitfalls yoyote
kwa wewe kuanguka katika.

529
00:26:07,420 --> 00:26:10,890
>> Lakini kazi ya kiwango mapenzi
kukupa nyuma mambo vizuri tabia.

530
00:26:10,890 --> 00:26:13,500
Hivyo wanasema anarudi hii
kuunga kamusi ya masharti,

531
00:26:13,500 --> 00:26:15,860
kisha kila kitu wewe ni kwenda
kutoka nje ya ni kamba.

532
00:26:15,860 --> 00:26:20,710
Kama wewe kufanya baadhi ya hii na safari
ninyi mahakamani, vizuri, hiyo inaweza kuwa ni juu yenu.

533
00:26:20,710 --> 00:26:25,542
Chatu hakika anatoa kutosha
kamba na hutegemea mwenyewe, kama Ningependa.

534
00:26:25,542 --> 00:26:28,250
Sasa tunaweza magazeti nje ya mtu binafsi
mambo haya na anarudi hii

535
00:26:28,250 --> 00:26:29,935
nini hasa d kutarajia.

536
00:26:29,935 --> 00:26:32,810
Nini hasa d kutarajia, mimi nadhani,
ni maneno kwamba mimi nina kutumia mengi,

537
00:26:32,810 --> 00:26:35,070
lakini hiyo ni zaidi au
chini jinsi chatu kazi.

538
00:26:35,070 --> 00:26:39,880
Ukiuliza kwa jambo ambalo si
hivyo, chatu kutupa nje makosa

539
00:26:39,880 --> 00:26:43,194
na itakuwa kuacha wewe nje ya
chochote mpango ungekuwa katika.

540
00:26:43,194 --> 00:26:45,360
Ni itabidi kweli magazeti nje
Maelezo zaidi ya hapo,

541
00:26:45,360 --> 00:26:49,110
kutakuwa na uhakika you-- ni itabidi
kuongeza line, na hivyo.

542
00:26:49,110 --> 00:26:52,190
>> Na, tena, labda tunataka
iterate juu Mkwawa

543
00:26:52,190 --> 00:26:54,410
na kupata mambo yote ndani yake.

544
00:26:54,410 --> 00:26:57,440
Hapa sisi ni iterating juu
mambo mawili kwa wakati mmoja.

545
00:26:57,440 --> 00:27:03,040
Na hivyo tutaweza kufanya hivyo kwa ufunguo, thamani,
lakini kisha magazeti nje yote haya.

546
00:27:03,040 --> 00:27:06,300
>> Na kama sisi alitaka cast--
kama sisi kweli mbio hivyo,

547
00:27:06,300 --> 00:27:10,840
tunataka kuwa baadhi ya matatizo kwa sababu
on-- wakati sisi aliingia pamoja na Daudi,

548
00:27:10,840 --> 00:27:13,920
haikuweza add-- kama hatukuwa
kuwatupia kamba ya kwanza,

549
00:27:13,920 --> 00:27:17,802
sisi hakuweza kuongeza kwamba safu
ya masharti kwenye kamba.

550
00:27:17,802 --> 00:27:19,760
Lakini kama sisi kuwatupia
kamba, sisi kupata kitu

551
00:27:19,760 --> 00:27:22,590
kama hii, ambayo ni labda
nini tunatarajia kusoma.

552
00:27:22,590 --> 00:27:27,000

553
00:27:27,000 --> 00:27:30,500
>> Na hii ni speller.

554
00:27:30,500 --> 00:27:32,460
Sisi tu kusoma katika mambo.

555
00:27:32,460 --> 00:27:35,770
Ili tuweze kusoma katika
maneno ya mtu binafsi kama mistari.

556
00:27:35,770 --> 00:27:38,240
Sisi Night mbali mwisho
Jambo, hivyo matumbo bala 1

557
00:27:38,240 --> 00:27:41,651
chomps mbali jambo la mwisho kwamba we--
tabia mwisho wa kamba.

558
00:27:41,651 --> 00:27:42,150
Tutaweza kusema.

559
00:27:42,150 --> 00:27:44,730
OK, kila mmoja wa wale anapata
kuingizwa katika kamusi hii,

560
00:27:44,730 --> 00:27:45,810
ramani ya thamani ya 1.

561
00:27:45,810 --> 00:27:48,006
Sisi si hasa
huduma kuhusu kwamba mmoja,

562
00:27:48,006 --> 00:27:51,130
lakini ni tu pale kusema, oh vizuri,
jambo hili mimi itabidi kuweka katika kamusi.

563
00:27:51,130 --> 00:27:53,182
Kwa sababu baadaye nini tuko
kwenda kufanya ni tuko

564
00:27:53,182 --> 00:27:55,390
kwenda kusema, vizuri, ikiwa ni
katika kamusi hata kidogo.

565
00:27:55,390 --> 00:27:57,650
>> Tena, kuangalia hii kwa
taarifa ni juu ya uendeshaji

566
00:27:57,650 --> 00:28:00,940
kutumia tofauti kabisa
algorithm kuliko mapenzi katika orodha,

567
00:28:00,940 --> 00:28:05,709
lakini sisi kuiita njia hiyo hiyo, ambayo
ni baadhi ya kwamba chatu sukari mipako

568
00:28:05,709 --> 00:28:07,250
mambo ili wao uko rahisi kutumia.

569
00:28:07,250 --> 00:28:10,230
Na tena, tumeona
mambo kama haya kabla.

570
00:28:10,230 --> 00:28:12,940
Hii ni kimsingi kupata, au
ni hasa syntax sawa

571
00:28:12,940 --> 00:28:16,480
kama kupata, lakini ni kazi juu ya
muundo tofauti kabisa.

572
00:28:16,480 --> 00:28:20,170
Na sisi si hasa huduma.

573
00:28:20,170 --> 00:28:25,540
Basi hizo mambo ambayo
walitakiwa kutekeleza kwa speller.

574
00:28:25,540 --> 00:28:29,278
Katika kiwango hiki, sisi ni kwenda kupata
zaidi au chini wote wa psets kufanyika.

575
00:28:29,278 --> 00:28:31,474
>> Watazamaji: Hivyo kwamba
kimsingi tu anakuja nyuma

576
00:28:31,474 --> 00:28:34,852
kama kimakosa yameandikwa kama hana
mechi kitu katika kamusi?

577
00:28:34,852 --> 00:28:36,060
ROSS RHEINGANS-YOO: Ndiyo, ndiyo.

578
00:28:36,060 --> 00:28:38,964

579
00:28:38,964 --> 00:28:40,880
Na hivyo, hii ni
kukabiliana na hali ya tatizo kuweka

580
00:28:40,880 --> 00:28:43,150
ambayo anauliza kufanya hasa kwamba.

581
00:28:43,150 --> 00:28:46,357
>> Watazamaji: Kwa nini ni mstari bala 1 huko?

582
00:28:46,357 --> 00:28:48,190
ROSS RHEINGANS-YOO: Kwa hiyo
wakati wewe ni iterating

583
00:28:48,190 --> 00:28:50,300
zaidi ya faili kuomba
na mistari, mistari

584
00:28:50,300 --> 00:28:53,900
kuja na mpya mstari tabia
mwishoni wa hili bala 1

585
00:28:53,900 --> 00:28:55,260
ni kwa duka wale mbali tu.

586
00:28:55,260 --> 00:28:59,549
Na hii ni hasa rahisi
njia ya Indexing katika mambo.

587
00:28:59,549 --> 00:29:01,590
Hivyo kama una kamba,
na Ningependa, vizuri mimi nina

588
00:29:01,590 --> 00:29:05,340
kwenda kuanza saa tatu tabia
na mimi nina kwenda hadi mwisho.

589
00:29:05,340 --> 00:29:07,140
3 matumbo kufanya hivyo kwa ajili yenu.

590
00:29:07,140 --> 00:29:10,570
Kama wewe ni kama, nataka kuanza saa
mwanzo na kwenda mwisho bala 1

591
00:29:10,570 --> 00:29:12,400
tabia, matumbo bala 1.

592
00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:14,940
Na kama alitaka kwenda kutoka
tatu minus kwanza,

593
00:29:14,940 --> 00:29:16,570
basi d kusema 3 bala 1.

594
00:29:16,570 --> 00:29:19,464

595
00:29:19,464 --> 00:29:22,400
>> Zaidi ya hayo, kama unataka ripoti
ndani ya vitu kuhesabu kutoka nyuma,

596
00:29:22,400 --> 00:29:24,470
wewe tu ripoti katika na namba bala.

597
00:29:24,470 --> 00:29:26,980
Na kwa sababu, ambapo C
ingekuwa kulipuka au labda

598
00:29:26,980 --> 00:29:31,090
kulisha wewe kumbukumbu wengine hawakuwa na
upatikanaji wa, kusikia unaweza kusema bala 1

599
00:29:31,090 --> 00:29:34,104
ina maana mwisho lakini 1
tabia katika kamba.

600
00:29:34,104 --> 00:29:36,950

601
00:29:36,950 --> 00:29:43,590
>> Modules ni version-- ni
milinganisho kwa maktaba katika C

602
00:29:43,590 --> 00:29:45,119
na ni muhimu kwa ajili ya mambo mengi.

603
00:29:45,119 --> 00:29:46,910
Mambo mengi wewe d
kama kwa kufanya katika Python,

604
00:29:46,910 --> 00:29:50,040
badala rahisi
matumizi mabaya ya vigezo,

605
00:29:50,040 --> 00:29:52,290
unataka kunasa katika
maktaba kubwa na kubwa

606
00:29:52,290 --> 00:29:55,910
interfaces na zaidi
uwezo kwa ajili ya mazungumzo

607
00:29:55,910 --> 00:29:57,195
na sehemu nyingine za dunia.

608
00:29:57,195 --> 00:29:58,910
sys ni mmoja wa wale
pamoja na kundi la zana

609
00:29:58,910 --> 00:30:01,159
ambayo ni muhimu kwa ajili ya mazungumzo
na mfumo wenyewe

610
00:30:01,159 --> 00:30:05,050
na kuagiza kama kuagiza sys.

611
00:30:05,050 --> 00:30:07,820
>> Kuna nyaraka zaidi kutoka
kwamba, ambayo unaweza kwenda hapa,

612
00:30:07,820 --> 00:30:11,490
au unaweza kupata kwenye Google
na googling chatu sys.

613
00:30:11,490 --> 00:30:12,640
Wewe aina katika kuingia.

614
00:30:12,640 --> 00:30:15,140
Kiungo kwanza ni kwenda kuwa
nyaraka katika Python 2,

615
00:30:15,140 --> 00:30:19,260
kiungo cha pili ni kwenda
kuwa nyaraka chatu 3.

616
00:30:19,260 --> 00:30:24,830
>> Na kama sisi aliandika nje faili kwamba inaonekana
kama hii Kama hasa, tuko

617
00:30:24,830 --> 00:30:27,910
kuangalia kazi ya
hoja mstari amri,

618
00:30:27,910 --> 00:30:30,040
kama sisi kujifunza kufanya sana
mapema katika darasa hili.

619
00:30:30,040 --> 00:30:32,190
Hii si vigumu.
Unaweza kupata nje argv,

620
00:30:32,190 --> 00:30:34,565
ambayo ni moja ya mambo hayo
ambayo ni kutekelezwa na sys.

621
00:30:34,565 --> 00:30:37,210
Siyo kujengwa katika
msingi mfuko, lakini tena, wewe

622
00:30:37,210 --> 00:30:40,080
Unaweza kupanua kwa kuagiza
kwamba utendaji kutoka sys.

623
00:30:40,080 --> 00:30:41,090
Itabidi kuiita sys.

624
00:30:41,090 --> 00:30:42,611
chochote.

625
00:30:42,611 --> 00:30:43,360
Hapa kuna argv.

626
00:30:43,360 --> 00:30:45,193
Kuna kweli hakuna
argc katika sys, kwa sababu wewe

627
00:30:45,193 --> 00:30:47,880
Unaweza kupata urahisi hivyo kwa kupiga len.

628
00:30:47,880 --> 00:30:55,390
Sisi basi kuchapishwa kwamba nje, basi sisi
mbio juu ya wastaafu wetu echo-args.py.

629
00:30:55,390 --> 00:30:58,360
Sisi kupata nyuma safu, ambayo
ni hoja hii kwanza.

630
00:30:58,360 --> 00:31:02,240
Tena, hii ni argv 0, ambayo ni
jina la kitu kwamba got kuitwa.

631
00:31:02,240 --> 00:31:04,870
Kama sisi kuitwa ni pamoja na ziada
hoja, tunatarajia kupata wale nyuma.

632
00:31:04,870 --> 00:31:07,687

633
00:31:07,687 --> 00:31:09,770
Hii ni njia mojawapo ya kupata
hoja mstari amri.

634
00:31:09,770 --> 00:31:13,440
Kama unataka bendera ambapo kugeuka
mambo fulani juu ya au override

635
00:31:13,440 --> 00:31:16,050
chaguo-msingi hasa
argparse ni rafiki yako.

636
00:31:16,050 --> 00:31:21,550
Na tena unakuta online
katika chatu argparse katika Google.

637
00:31:21,550 --> 00:31:24,300
>> Kuna michache ya shirika
modules kwamba wewe mwenyewe kupata kutumia

638
00:31:24,300 --> 00:31:27,630
na tena, kama wewe kutumia muda wowote
ya lugha hii kuagiza jsons

639
00:31:27,630 --> 00:31:33,300
kwa kusoma ndani na nje ya json
mafaili, si kuwa ngumu.

640
00:31:33,300 --> 00:31:37,139
Wewe kufungua faili, wewe kuitwa json.load
kwenye faili la kuwa na kupata nyuma kitu.

641
00:31:37,139 --> 00:31:37,930
Ni kwamba jambo gani?

642
00:31:37,930 --> 00:31:40,329
Ni json kitu.

643
00:31:40,329 --> 00:31:42,370
Ambapo kwamba json ina safu,
chatu ana arrays.

644
00:31:42,370 --> 00:31:44,420
Ambapo kwamba json ina
arrays associative, chatu ya

645
00:31:44,420 --> 00:31:48,810
Mkwawa, masharti,
na idadi, na kadhalika.

646
00:31:48,810 --> 00:31:53,560
Unataka dampo kwamba nje,
kufungua faili mpya, wewe piga dampo,

647
00:31:53,560 --> 00:31:57,590
na mizigo na madampo kwa
kwenda ndani na nje ya masharti.

648
00:31:57,590 --> 00:32:02,120
>> Vile vile, kachumbari anapata kuitwa
katika kimsingi interface huo.

649
00:32:02,120 --> 00:32:04,740
Ni kidogo muhimu zaidi ikiwa
wewe ni utupaji chatu vitu.

650
00:32:04,740 --> 00:32:08,370
Hivyo kama wameweza milele alitaka kuokoa
toleo la hali ya sasa

651
00:32:08,370 --> 00:32:11,930
ya kutofautiana kwa siku zijazo
kukimbia ya mpango wako,

652
00:32:11,930 --> 00:32:14,740
kachumbari ni chatu ya
maktaba kwa kufanya hivyo.

653
00:32:14,740 --> 00:32:19,140
>> Kama una aina yoyote ya
kutofautiana ambazo zinaweza kuandikwa nje

654
00:32:19,140 --> 00:32:21,990
kwa maneno kama na wahusika na
ka kama kamusi hii,

655
00:32:21,990 --> 00:32:24,230
tunaweza kuandika, sisi
inaweza kuandika ni chini kama

656
00:32:24,230 --> 00:32:26,670
kama json kitu, ambayo ilikuwa
halisi hizi wahusika.

657
00:32:26,670 --> 00:32:29,420
Na basi itakuwa rahisi sana kwa
binadamu kufungua hiyo up-- kufungua

658
00:32:29,420 --> 00:32:30,889
na kuisoma.

659
00:32:30,889 --> 00:32:33,180
Kama hatukuwa hasa
huduma kuhusu binadamu kuisoma,

660
00:32:33,180 --> 00:32:38,490
tunaweza kufunga hata kwa ufanisi zaidi
katika aina ambazo zinaweza baadaye unpacked

661
00:32:38,490 --> 00:32:42,860
au ambazo zinaweza baadaye kuwa umechangiwa.

662
00:32:42,860 --> 00:32:46,740
Na hii anaokoa 80% ya
nafasi kwamba vitu yako nguvu

663
00:32:46,740 --> 00:32:49,390
kuchukua kama wewe aliandika yao nje longhand.

664
00:32:49,390 --> 00:32:52,384
>> Wewe piga kachumbari sana
sawa way-- dampo, mzigo,

665
00:32:52,384 --> 00:32:53,800
na kisha kupata vitu yako nyuma.

666
00:32:53,800 --> 00:32:56,880
Hivyo kama wewe ni kuandika sana
mipango ya muda chatu kwamba

667
00:32:56,880 --> 00:32:59,952
wanataka kuokoa hali, na kisha kusoma
kuwarejesha baadaye, mambo kama haya

668
00:32:59,952 --> 00:33:00,660
ni rafiki yako.

669
00:33:00,660 --> 00:33:02,640
Kwamba unaweza sana
urahisi dampo yao kama json.

670
00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:04,550
Wengi chatu vitu
Unaweza dampo nje json

671
00:33:04,550 --> 00:33:11,310
kama kuna matumaini yoyote kwamba kimuundo
wangeweza kuwa kuwakilishwa kwa njia hiyo.

672
00:33:11,310 --> 00:33:14,410
>> Hizi ni ncha ya
barafu juu ya modules ambayo ni muhimu.

673
00:33:14,410 --> 00:33:19,510
Hivyo sys, os, multiprocessing, ni
aina ya workhorses msingi kwa mambo

674
00:33:19,510 --> 00:33:23,120
tunahitaji kushirikiana na
mfumo wa faili os.,

675
00:33:23,120 --> 00:33:28,764
kama os.isfile, os.isdirectory,
os.makefile, haya ni rafiki yako.

676
00:33:28,764 --> 00:33:30,930
Kama unataka kiutendaji
na hasa aina ya faili,

677
00:33:30,930 --> 00:33:32,190
json, kachumbari, csv.

678
00:33:32,190 --> 00:33:37,160
Kama unataka kiutendaji na mtandao
kurasa, urllib kwa ajili ya kupata http

679
00:33:37,160 --> 00:33:41,370
kurasa. bs4-- BeautifulSoup--
ni parser ajabu kwa html.

680
00:33:41,370 --> 00:33:47,047
Wewe kuendesha kwenye html na wewe
kupata hii Furushi safu kitu sasa,

681
00:33:47,047 --> 00:33:49,630
ambayo unaweza traverse zaidi
Lookin, na kama kuangalia tu kwa

682
00:33:49,630 --> 00:33:52,380
ikiwa, ni, katika, ambayo ni ya ajabu.

683
00:33:52,380 --> 00:33:55,920
>> Kuna kundi la
fedha kwa running--

684
00:33:55,920 --> 00:33:57,960
kwa ajili ya kufanya hasa mambo mathy.

685
00:33:57,960 --> 00:34:01,790
Hivyo kama unataka kuzidisha,
Geuza, kubadilisha matrices,

686
00:34:01,790 --> 00:34:05,690
numpy hutumiwa na watu wote
duniani kote kwa ajili hiyo.

687
00:34:05,690 --> 00:34:09,620
scipy ni hata muhimu zaidi
zana katika upande huo.

688
00:34:09,620 --> 00:34:13,980
sklearn-- kujifunza mashine,
usindikaji wa asili ya lugha,

689
00:34:13,980 --> 00:34:17,880
super mambo muhimu, anapata
kutekelezwa katika Python wakati wote.

690
00:34:17,880 --> 00:34:21,469
>> Na tena, inachukua kidogo
tena kwa write-- pole,

691
00:34:21,469 --> 00:34:26,199
inachukua kidogo tena kukimbia, lakini
sababu kwamba wahandisi halisi huwa

692
00:34:26,199 --> 00:34:29,900
matumizi chatu ni kwa sababu wewe huwa na kuwa
imefungwa kwenye wewe kuandika kanuni, badala

693
00:34:29,900 --> 00:34:32,699
kuliko kompyuta yako mbio kificho.

694
00:34:32,699 --> 00:34:35,860
Hivyo kama wewe ni kwenda kuandika
mpango, ambayo kura ya watu wengine

695
00:34:35,860 --> 00:34:37,699
ni kwenda kutumia
milele, kama Linux, wewe

696
00:34:37,699 --> 00:34:41,900
Huenda kuandika ni katika C. Kama ungekuwa
kwenda kuandika injini hesabu,

697
00:34:41,900 --> 00:34:46,124
unaweza kuandika katika Python kama wewe unahitajika
mabadiliko hayo kila baada ya miezi michache.

698
00:34:46,124 --> 00:34:48,540
Baadhi ya watu bila kuandika katika
C kwa sababu wao ni kama hiyo.

699
00:34:48,540 --> 00:34:51,100

700
00:34:51,100 --> 00:34:54,050
>> Hivyo tumeona kuagiza sys
kama njia ya kupata mambo

701
00:34:54,050 --> 00:34:57,070
ya kupata moduli katika mpango wako.

702
00:34:57,070 --> 00:35:00,370
Unaweza pia kuagiza kama
jina la utani, kama Ningependa.

703
00:35:00,370 --> 00:35:03,660
Tena multiprocessing ni maumivu kwa
aina nje kila wakati, hivyo kuagiza kama Mbunge

704
00:35:03,660 --> 00:35:05,900
na kisha wakati wowote
matumizi yake katika mpango,

705
00:35:05,900 --> 00:35:09,732
wewe itabidi kusema mp.process, au kitu gani wewe.

706
00:35:09,732 --> 00:35:12,670
Kama Ningependa kuagiza
tu jambo moja,

707
00:35:12,670 --> 00:35:19,450
hivyo urllib ina kitu kinachoitwa
ombi, hivyo unaweza tu kuagiza kwamba.

708
00:35:19,450 --> 00:35:22,610
Baadaye, huwezi waomba kama
urllib.request, lakini tu kama ombi

709
00:35:22,610 --> 00:35:24,590
peke yake.

710
00:35:24,590 --> 00:35:30,110
>> Na unaweza kuagiza kila kitu
kutoka moduli kama Ningependa.

711
00:35:30,110 --> 00:35:34,820
Hii ni mara kwa mara si nzuri idea--
hii kwa kawaida si wazo nzuri, kwa kweli.

712
00:35:34,820 --> 00:35:39,080
Kwa sababu wewe very-- kwa sababu kama kitu
katika moduli ambayo ina jina kwamba

713
00:35:39,080 --> 00:35:41,640
alitaka kutumia mahali pengine
katika mpango wako, huwezi.

714
00:35:41,640 --> 00:35:44,127
>> Na si mara zote wazi
kwamba hiyo kesi.

715
00:35:44,127 --> 00:35:46,460
Ili kuhakikisha kuwa
nini walikuwa kufanya alikuwa salama,

716
00:35:46,460 --> 00:35:47,920
unahitaji kufungua
moduli na kuona yote

717
00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:50,295
majina kwamba kuishia katika
there-- yote ya kazi,

718
00:35:50,295 --> 00:35:53,010
wote wa vigezo
wanaoishi katika moduli kwamba,

719
00:35:53,010 --> 00:35:57,040
kwa sababu wewe ni kuleta yote ya
yao katika namespace lako.

720
00:35:57,040 --> 00:35:58,680
>> Hivyo watu kufanya hivyo.

721
00:35:58,680 --> 00:36:01,322
Ni kwa ujumla ilipendekeza
kwamba huna kufanya hivyo.

722
00:36:01,322 --> 00:36:03,280
Lakini watu kufanya yote haya
wakati kwa sababu wao ni

723
00:36:03,280 --> 00:36:05,180
wavivu na hawataki aina nje Mbunge.

724
00:36:05,180 --> 00:36:06,310
kitu chochote, milele.

725
00:36:06,310 --> 00:36:09,560

726
00:36:09,560 --> 00:36:13,310
>> Majadiliano haya yote kuhusu modules
kuniletea karibu na majadiliano short

727
00:36:13,310 --> 00:36:15,930
juu ya jinsi gani kuandaa programu katika Python.

728
00:36:15,930 --> 00:36:19,860
Hatua ya kwanza ni kuangalia kuona kama
mtu mwingine tayari amefanya jambo,

729
00:36:19,860 --> 00:36:22,160
au amefanya 90% ya jambo.

730
00:36:22,160 --> 00:36:26,010
Nafasi ni wao pengine, na wewe
anatakiwa kwenda kupata kitu zao na kukimbia huo.

731
00:36:26,010 --> 00:36:28,900
Au kuandika kanga pembezoni
kuitumia kwa madhumuni yako.

732
00:36:28,900 --> 00:36:31,250
Ni tu baada ya kuwa ana
alishindwa kwamba wewe d kisha

733
00:36:31,250 --> 00:36:35,529
kwenda juu na write-- kuanza kufikiria juu ya
jinsi gani kuweka jambo hili kwa pamoja.

734
00:36:35,529 --> 00:36:37,320
Kuna kura ya mambo
huko nje, na kwamba

735
00:36:37,320 --> 00:36:39,180
moja ya muhimu sana
mambo kuhusu chatu.

736
00:36:39,180 --> 00:36:40,930
Kama lugha ni
kifahari, lugha

737
00:36:40,930 --> 00:36:43,800
Ni rahisi kutumia, lakini pia kwa sababu
hivyo ni kifahari na rahisi kutumia,

738
00:36:43,800 --> 00:36:47,420
watu wamekuwa wakitumia hayo kwa
muda mrefu na kuna mengi ya mambo

739
00:36:47,420 --> 00:36:52,520
huko nje kwamba unaweza
kuunganisha kwa ajili ya matumizi yako mwenyewe.

740
00:36:52,520 --> 00:36:58,457
>> Hivyo utawala wa mwisho wa chatu ni, mtu
mwingine tayari pengine imeandikwa

741
00:36:58,457 --> 00:37:00,290
moduli kwa kuwa,
mtu mwingine tayari

742
00:37:00,290 --> 00:37:02,980
pengine imeandikwa maktaba kwa ajili hiyo.

743
00:37:02,980 --> 00:37:06,579
Kabla ya kujaribu kufanya kitu, angalia
ili kuona kama imekuwa ni kutekelezwa.

744
00:37:06,579 --> 00:37:07,370
Siyo kwamba bidii.

745
00:37:07,370 --> 00:37:11,960
Wote wa modules kwamba mimi kuweka
kabla, na labda isipokuwa moja,

746
00:37:11,960 --> 00:37:15,220
kuja kabla ya imewekwa katika kila
kiwango cha chatu ufungaji.

747
00:37:15,220 --> 00:37:17,769
Na hivyo kwa mwito wa
kuagiza chochote, wewe

748
00:37:17,769 --> 00:37:19,852
na yote hayo utendaji
fingertips.

749
00:37:19,852 --> 00:37:24,660

750
00:37:24,660 --> 00:37:28,920
>> Mwanzo wa kufuta hii
majadiliano, kuna mambo machache

751
00:37:28,920 --> 00:37:32,770
kwamba nimepata kushoto kama masanduku nyeusi
na aina ya glossed juu,

752
00:37:32,770 --> 00:37:37,217
na kuna nyeupe chache uongo kwamba nimekuwa
aliiambia kuwa ni kwa ajili ya uaminifu,

753
00:37:37,217 --> 00:37:39,050
Mimi itabidi angalau hatua
hapa, hata kama mimi si

754
00:37:39,050 --> 00:37:43,980
kwenda super kina katika wote
na maelezo yao ya kiufundi.

755
00:37:43,980 --> 00:37:46,010
>> Mambo mengi
kwamba nimepata aitwaye uchawi

756
00:37:46,010 --> 00:37:48,980
ni nini watu wengine kuita
kitu Programu oriented.

757
00:37:48,980 --> 00:37:52,470
Hivyo kuna kura ya things--
hivyo vigezo ni mara nyingi sana si

758
00:37:52,470 --> 00:37:56,540
ka rahisi kukaa katika,
kumbukumbu, lakini ni ngumu sana

759
00:37:56,540 --> 00:38:01,910
vitu mbalimbali vyenye ndani
hali kuhusu kazi na kura

760
00:38:01,910 --> 00:38:05,570
vigezo ya siri, kura ya
utendaji siri, ambayo

761
00:38:05,570 --> 00:38:09,480
inakuwezesha kurejea kwao katika masharti,
ambayo inakuwezesha iterate juu yao.

762
00:38:09,480 --> 00:38:12,260
Na kama wewe ni writing--
na sababu ya kuwa wao

763
00:38:12,260 --> 00:38:15,710
wote wa utendaji hii tajiri
ni kwa sababu people--

764
00:38:15,710 --> 00:38:17,740
wasanifu wa
language-- wamekwenda

765
00:38:17,740 --> 00:38:22,420
kupitia na kwa kila kiwango cha
kitu, kuweka katika utendaji

766
00:38:22,420 --> 00:38:26,970
kusema hii ni jinsi hii ni
jinsi hii ni kwenda kufanya kazi

767
00:38:26,970 --> 00:38:28,470
kama mtu anataka iterate juu yake.

768
00:38:28,470 --> 00:38:31,240
>> Hivyo kila kitu ambacho mtu anaweza
uwezekano wanataka iterate juu,

769
00:38:31,240 --> 00:38:34,529
ina mantiki yaliyoandikwa katika
manually juu ya jinsi uko

770
00:38:34,529 --> 00:38:36,070
zinatakiwa iterate juu ya kwamba kitu.

771
00:38:36,070 --> 00:38:40,274
Kila kitu kwamba unaweza uwezekano wanataka
kutupwa kwenye kamba ina mantiki maandishi.

772
00:38:40,274 --> 00:38:43,440
Hii ni kazi ambayo wewe piga kama
unataka dampo hii nje kwa kamba.

773
00:38:43,440 --> 00:38:45,273
Hii ni kwa nini unaweza
piga len juu ya mambo, hii

774
00:38:45,273 --> 00:38:49,900
Hii ndiyo sababu unaweza kupiga kwa katika, hii ni
nini unaweza kupiga ikiwa katika juu ya kila kitu

775
00:38:49,900 --> 00:38:53,490
kwamba wewe d wanataka, kwa sababu
wale wote ni kufanya pamoja nao,

776
00:38:53,490 --> 00:38:55,380
kiufundi know-jinsi ya kufanya hivyo.

777
00:38:55,380 --> 00:38:58,170

778
00:38:58,170 --> 00:39:00,432
>> Hili ni jambo ambalo mimi nina
super si kwenda katika.

779
00:39:00,432 --> 00:39:03,140
Lakini kwa kuwa jambo katika orodha ni subtly
tofauti na C style kwa tanzi,

780
00:39:03,140 --> 00:39:06,160
na unaweza kusoma yote juu kwamba juu ya
biashara kama wewe ni nia.

781
00:39:06,160 --> 00:39:08,930
Kuna upande wa giza kwa wote
ya hii, kwamba nilivyoeleza,

782
00:39:08,930 --> 00:39:10,359
hivyo kuna mambo mawili.

783
00:39:10,359 --> 00:39:13,400
Kwanza ni kwamba kitu hicho oriented
Programu anaongeza mengi ya uendeshaji

784
00:39:13,400 --> 00:39:16,080
kwa mambo random, hivyo kuishia
kwa kutumia kumbukumbu mengi zaidi;

785
00:39:16,080 --> 00:39:18,640
wewe kuishia kutumia zaidi kidogo
muda zaidi kuliko wewe ungekuwa vinginevyo.

786
00:39:18,640 --> 00:39:21,300
Other-- lakini zaidi
insidious giza upande wa hii

787
00:39:21,300 --> 00:39:24,047
ni, kama mambo kitendo tu
kama unataka yao

788
00:39:24,047 --> 00:39:27,130
bila wewe kuwa na kufikiri super ngumu
kuhusu kama hii inapaswa kuwa int

789
00:39:27,130 --> 00:39:29,713
au kama kuna haja ya kuwa
kuelea, inaweza kuwa kwamba zaidi ya hapa

790
00:39:29,713 --> 00:39:34,240
wewe kuzalisha int lakini hapa wewe
kufikiri lakini wao itabidi always-- pole,

791
00:39:34,240 --> 00:39:36,555
inaweza kuwa kwamba hapa
wewe kuzalisha kuelea,

792
00:39:36,555 --> 00:39:39,430
lakini wakati kupata sehemu ya pili
ya mpango wako, wewe ni kufikiri,

793
00:39:39,430 --> 00:39:41,150
oh vizuri, lakini wao itabidi
daima kupita kwangu int.

794
00:39:41,150 --> 00:39:43,608
Na kama hawana, inawezekana
kwamba wedged mahali fulani,

795
00:39:43,608 --> 00:39:47,600
kama wewe kujaribu kutumia kwamba kwa ripoti
ndani ya safu, au kuwa na nini.

796
00:39:47,600 --> 00:39:51,050
>> Hivyo moja ya kweli
mambo muhimu kuhusu C ni

797
00:39:51,050 --> 00:39:54,219
majeshi ya wewe kufikiri kweli
ngumu kabla ya kufanya any--

798
00:39:54,219 --> 00:39:56,510
kabla kuleta kutofautiana yoyote
kuwepo, kama yale

799
00:39:56,510 --> 00:39:58,764
ni aina ya kutofautiana hii.

800
00:39:58,764 --> 00:40:00,680
Na itakuja kuwa
aina hiyo kwa wakati wote.

801
00:40:00,680 --> 00:40:02,410
>> Hii si kweli
Chatu, na kwa kweli, wewe

802
00:40:02,410 --> 00:40:04,740
can-- kama wewe ni tu
aina ya kwenda na sikio,

803
00:40:04,740 --> 00:40:07,690
na kufanya maamuzi baadhi
moja ya njia katika eneo moja,

804
00:40:07,690 --> 00:40:09,870
na baadhi ya maamuzi moja
njia katika sehemu nyingine

805
00:40:09,870 --> 00:40:12,960
bila kuweka mambo nyuma ya kutosha
pazia katika sehemu nyingine

806
00:40:12,960 --> 00:40:16,170
kukamata vitu vizuri,
wanaweza kupata makosa ya baadhi ya ajabu sana.

807
00:40:16,170 --> 00:40:19,200
Na mpango unaweza kuweka mbio
kwa muda mrefu sana, kwa sababu ni

808
00:40:19,200 --> 00:40:23,200
kufanya kazi nyingi za kusema, vizuri
Jambo hili linaweza kufanya kazi kwa njia hii,

809
00:40:23,200 --> 00:40:25,070
hivyo mimi nina kwenda kukimbia kwa njia hiyo.

810
00:40:25,070 --> 00:40:30,300
>> Na kwa kweli, ukweli kwamba inasukuma
mbele kupitia kura ya makosa madogo

811
00:40:30,300 --> 00:40:33,260
maana yake ni kwamba, mara nyingi wakati
kosa ni kweli mbaya

812
00:40:33,260 --> 00:40:38,720
na huna kweli wanataka kurekebisha,
inaishia maili away-- mpango

813
00:40:38,720 --> 00:40:41,780
huishia kuacha maili
kutoka wakati alikuwa makosa yako.

814
00:40:41,780 --> 00:40:46,590
Na hivyo suala moja ambalo tungependa
mipango ya kufanya, sometimes-- jambo moja

815
00:40:46,590 --> 00:40:48,910
kwamba tungependa mipango
cha kufanya wakati sisi ni debugging

816
00:40:48,910 --> 00:40:54,160
ni kushindwa kwa sauti kubwa na kushindwa sana
haraka wakati kitu fulani kitaenda vibaya.

817
00:40:54,160 --> 00:40:55,510
>> Chatu ni mbaya sana wakati huo.

818
00:40:55,510 --> 00:40:58,820
Chatu ni nzuri sana katika si
kushindwa na rolling mbele

819
00:40:58,820 --> 00:41:00,320
kupitia mambo isiyotarajiwa.

820
00:41:00,320 --> 00:41:02,820
Hivyo hii ni muhimu kwa ajili ya wakati
wewe ni kuandika mipango ndogo.

821
00:41:02,820 --> 00:41:07,110
Baada ya kupata ngumu
mende ni wakati mwingine

822
00:41:07,110 --> 00:41:09,300
inachukua muda mrefu tease yao nje.

823
00:41:09,300 --> 00:41:12,210
>> Hivyo kuna upande wa giza kwa wote
ya hii, kama ni kazi tu.

824
00:41:12,210 --> 00:41:13,860
Ni kazi tu kama wewe d kutarajia kwa.

825
00:41:13,860 --> 00:41:18,320
Ila kwa kuwa wakati hana, wewe kuishia
up katika sehemu tofauti kabisa

826
00:41:18,320 --> 00:41:21,530
na kujaribu kufikiri ambapo
ilikuwa kwamba potoka.

827
00:41:21,530 --> 00:41:25,180
>> Ukusanyaji takataka is-- hivyo
jambo moja kwamba utakuwa taarifa

828
00:41:25,180 --> 00:41:28,110
ni kwamba yeyote mambo hayo kuwa
Nimekuwa kuletwa katika existence--

829
00:41:28,110 --> 00:41:34,114
arrays haya, Mkwawa haya, haya
vitu, haya files-- kamwe kupata huru.

830
00:41:34,114 --> 00:41:36,030
Hakukuwa na wito kwa
bure yoyote ya majadiliano hayo.

831
00:41:36,030 --> 00:41:40,340
Na kwamba alikuwa juu ya C-upande, kwa sababu
sisi kamwe got katika mambo hayo.

832
00:41:40,340 --> 00:41:42,220
>> Lakini katika Python-upande, kuna si bure.

833
00:41:42,220 --> 00:41:43,970
Mambo kupata moja kwa moja
huru wakati chatu

834
00:41:43,970 --> 00:41:45,386
anadhani wewe si kuangalia yao.

835
00:41:45,386 --> 00:41:49,640
Ni nzuri kwa kweli si kumkomboa mambo ambayo
wewe bado wanaweza uwezekano wa kuwa na kuangalia,

836
00:41:49,640 --> 00:41:54,262
lakini hii ina maana kwamba kama ungekuwa
kwenda kutenga jambo hili kubwa,

837
00:41:54,262 --> 00:41:55,970
na wewe ni kama, loo
Mimi nina kufanyika kwa hayo sasa,

838
00:41:55,970 --> 00:42:00,360
ni vigumu kusema chatu
kwamba wewe ni kosa na hivyo sasa.

839
00:42:00,360 --> 00:42:02,986
>> Unaweza wakati mwingine kuweka
kwamba kutofautiana kwa kuwa hakuna,

840
00:42:02,986 --> 00:42:05,110
na kisha matumaini kwamba hatimaye
ushuru takataka

841
00:42:05,110 --> 00:42:06,720
huja kupitia na cleans nje.

842
00:42:06,720 --> 00:42:10,177
Lakini tena, huna
kuwa na udhibiti juu hilo.

843
00:42:10,177 --> 00:42:13,510
Na moja ya sababu ya kuwa watu kutumia C
kwa kweli utendaji mambo muhimu,

844
00:42:13,510 --> 00:42:16,570
ni uwezo huu kwa kweli
kujua wakati kumbukumbu ni zilizotengwa

845
00:42:16,570 --> 00:42:19,369
na wakati ni huru, na kuwa na
mengi ya udhibiti wa kusema,

846
00:42:19,369 --> 00:42:20,910
Mimi nina kutumia hakuna kumbukumbu zaidi kuliko mimi haja.

847
00:42:20,910 --> 00:42:23,632
Ambayo ni kitu ambacho
Chatu ni kwamba kubwa katika.

848
00:42:23,632 --> 00:42:25,090
Watazamaji: Je, mimi kuuliza swali wewe?

849
00:42:25,090 --> 00:42:29,800
Je, maana ya kushindwa kwa sauti kubwa?

850
00:42:29,800 --> 00:42:32,070
>> ROSS RHEINGANS-YOO: Hivyo kama
kitu kinaendelea vibaya

851
00:42:32,070 --> 00:42:34,950
na uko katika debugging
mode, wewe ungekuwa mara nyingi sana

852
00:42:34,950 --> 00:42:38,510
wanataka mpango wako kukuambia
ambapo hasa ni gone vibaya,

853
00:42:38,510 --> 00:42:42,360
na si tu kimya kimya kuacha kuendesha.

854
00:42:42,360 --> 00:42:45,085
Lakini wewe d kweli ni kuchapa
nje ya kila aina ya habari kuhusu

855
00:42:45,085 --> 00:42:46,972
kama, hapa ilikuwa hii.

856
00:42:46,972 --> 00:42:53,957
Jambo hili lilitokea Kama wewe ni uchapishaji
wen-- kama wewe ni mbio mtandao server--

857
00:42:53,957 --> 00:42:55,390
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

858
00:42:55,390 --> 00:42:59,800
>> ROSS RHEINGANS-YOO: Yeah, ikiwa
wewe ni mbio mtandao wa kompyuta,

859
00:42:59,800 --> 00:43:02,680
ni wakati mwingine mbaya kama wewe ni
daima kutupa makosa,

860
00:43:02,680 --> 00:43:04,530
na wewe ni kusema,
vizuri kwamba hakuwa na kazi.

861
00:43:04,530 --> 00:43:05,300
Mimi nina kwenda kuacha.

862
00:43:05,300 --> 00:43:07,680
Mimi tu kwenda kupuuza
na kuitunza kinachoendelea.

863
00:43:07,680 --> 00:43:11,260
Kwa sababu basi unaweza kupata katika mamia
wa makosa haya na kuona kwao.

864
00:43:11,260 --> 00:43:13,910
>> Bila ya shaka kuwa na manufaa
kwa madhumuni debugging

865
00:43:13,910 --> 00:43:20,327
kama kila wakati mtandao wa kompyuta yako alifanya
makosa, alikuwa muda mrefu rekodi ya jambo hilo.

866
00:43:20,327 --> 00:43:22,910
Labda hata wanataka mpango
kuacha, ili kumbukumbu hizo

867
00:43:22,910 --> 00:43:25,471
hawana kupata kuzikwa chini ya mambo.

868
00:43:25,471 --> 00:43:26,970
Lakini tena, hiyo ni katika debugging mode.

869
00:43:26,970 --> 00:43:31,280
>> Mara nyingi katika hali ya uzalishaji,
dunia ni tofauti kidogo.

870
00:43:31,280 --> 00:43:36,380
Na katika maandiko vidogo kwamba mimi nina mbio,
ambapo kitu kwamba nilisema kufanya

871
00:43:36,380 --> 00:43:40,680
inaweza kuwa tu kidogo mbali
kutokana na kile ungependa kufanya,

872
00:43:40,680 --> 00:43:44,010
kisha aina ya kusukuma kwa njia ya
makosa ni kitu unaweza kutaka.

873
00:43:44,010 --> 00:43:49,410
Na katika kesi hizo, hakika
Chatu kweli anapata kuanza yake.

874
00:43:49,410 --> 00:43:54,617
>> Jambo la mwisho kwamba sikuwa majadiliano
Haya katika kwamba sikuwa kuzungumzia

875
00:43:54,617 --> 00:43:57,700
lakini inaweza kuwa kweli vijimambo kwanza
wakati una moja ya makosa haya,

876
00:43:57,700 --> 00:44:00,491
na pili na ya tatu na ya nne
wakati una moja makosa hayo.

877
00:44:00,491 --> 00:44:03,490
Chatu, nilivyoeleza
kwamba anatumia nafasi nyeupe

878
00:44:03,490 --> 00:44:06,700
kukuambia nini ngazi ya indentation
na kile kazi kuzuia uko,

879
00:44:06,700 --> 00:44:08,840
inayotibu tabo na nafasi tofauti.

880
00:44:08,840 --> 00:44:12,780
Hivyo kama wewe tabo juu ya nne, na kisha
mstari wa pili, ambaye nafasi nne,

881
00:44:12,780 --> 00:44:16,910
hata kama show up kama
sawa kiasi katika mhariri wako,

882
00:44:16,910 --> 00:44:20,160
Chatu hana kutendewa sawa.

883
00:44:20,160 --> 00:44:23,610
>> Kwa kweli, chatu chipsi tabo
na nafasi kama mafuta na maji.

884
00:44:23,610 --> 00:44:25,050
Ni mambo tu tofauti.

885
00:44:25,050 --> 00:44:27,264
Hakuna fulani
urefu kwamba tabo ni,

886
00:44:27,264 --> 00:44:30,180
hivyo si kama tabo ni sawa na 8
nafasi, na hivyo ungependa kupata karibu yake

887
00:44:30,180 --> 00:44:30,860
kwa njia hiyo.

888
00:44:30,860 --> 00:44:34,110
Kama, wakati anasema, nini
kiwango cha nyeupe nafasi mimi nina katika,

889
00:44:34,110 --> 00:44:37,240
ni kweli kuangalia kwa
mfano wa nafasi na tabo.

890
00:44:37,240 --> 00:44:43,050
Na hivyo, njia bora ya kukabiliana na hii
ni daima kutumia nafasi wakati wote.

891
00:44:43,050 --> 00:44:47,510
>> Na kwa kweli, katika Cloud9
IDE na CS50 IDE,

892
00:44:47,510 --> 00:44:50,610
Tab muhimu yako kuwekeza
nafasi nne katika badala

893
00:44:50,610 --> 00:44:53,800
ya tab, ambayo ni super muhimu.

894
00:44:53,800 --> 00:44:57,074
Ingawa tena, kama wewe aliandika chatu
Mpango na tabo kwamba itakuwa nzuri,

895
00:44:57,074 --> 00:44:58,990
ni tu kama mtu
akaingia na alijaribu kuongeza

896
00:44:58,990 --> 00:45:02,655
line moja kwa mpango wako kwamba
alikuwa nafasi nne kwa kila tab,

897
00:45:02,655 --> 00:45:03,280
ingekuwa kuvunja.

898
00:45:03,280 --> 00:45:07,800
Na bila kuvunja kwa njia
kwamba kweli ni kutoonekana.

899
00:45:07,800 --> 00:45:12,390
Ingawa makosa halisi
ujumbe kwamba huo unatoa

900
00:45:12,390 --> 00:45:15,610
ina nini na mpya
Indent si inatarajiwa hapa,

901
00:45:15,610 --> 00:45:18,700
or-- ikiwa ni kuzungumza juu indents
na inaonekana kama ni makosa,

902
00:45:18,700 --> 00:45:22,090
pengine ni kwa sababu
kuna tatizo tabo-nafasi.

903
00:45:22,090 --> 00:45:24,154
Wao bado uko vijimambo kwa utatuzi.

904
00:45:24,154 --> 00:45:26,070
Zima kubwa katika
majadiliano hayo, ambayo sikuwa

905
00:45:26,070 --> 00:45:29,740
kupata kwa sababu ni kweli
ngumu, hila mada,

906
00:45:29,740 --> 00:45:34,760
na haikuwa lazima kufanya lolote
mambo tumefanya hadi sasa,

907
00:45:34,760 --> 00:45:37,140
ni dhana iitwayo tuples.

908
00:45:37,140 --> 00:45:41,280
Wao ni pale kiasi kama
arrays kwamba huwezi kurekebisha.

909
00:45:41,280 --> 00:45:44,700
Wao kupata kutumika kila mahali kwa sababu
wao ni muhimu kwa kura ya mambo

910
00:45:44,700 --> 00:45:46,300
kuwa arrays si muhimu kwa ajili ya.

911
00:45:46,300 --> 00:45:49,890
>> Lakini kama Ningependa kufanya safu, na
kisha ahadi mkalimani kwamba

912
00:45:49,890 --> 00:45:53,140
ni kamwe kwenda wanataka kurekebisha kwamba
thing-- kwa kweli, kama unataka kurekebisha,

913
00:45:53,140 --> 00:45:56,800
itabidi kufanya moja mpya na mpya
maadili katika it-- wale ni tuples.

914
00:45:56,800 --> 00:45:58,800
Badala ya kuzalisha
hao kwa mabano mraba,

915
00:45:58,800 --> 00:46:00,341
wewe kuzalisha yao kwa mabano pande zote.

916
00:46:00,341 --> 00:46:05,074
Kwa nini ungependa kutumia mambo haya,
ni kidogo ya swali. .

917
00:46:05,074 --> 00:46:06,990
Kitu tu kwamba mimi itabidi
kusema juu ya hilo ni wewe

918
00:46:06,990 --> 00:46:10,680
Unaweza kutumia tuples kama
fahirisi kwa Mkwawa.

919
00:46:10,680 --> 00:46:15,010
Huwezi kutumia arrays kama
fahirisi kwa Mkwawa.

920
00:46:15,010 --> 00:46:18,970
Na kwa nini ni, tena, kiufundi na
Mimi si kwenda kukimbia ndani yake.

921
00:46:18,970 --> 00:46:23,140
>> Pset kwamba mimi si kuguswa
juu ya katika majadiliano hayo ni pset6.

922
00:46:23,140 --> 00:46:25,837
Hivyo hapa ni jinsi you d
kutekeleza a-- hapa ni

923
00:46:25,837 --> 00:46:28,140
jinsi gani kutekeleza pset6 katika Python.

924
00:46:28,140 --> 00:46:32,680
Kuweka akilini chatu
kubuni mzunguko, jambo la kwanza

925
00:46:32,680 --> 00:46:34,760
kwamba kufanya wakati uko
Mipango kuandika ni kuangalia

926
00:46:34,760 --> 00:46:38,030
ili kuona kama mtu amefanya hivyo tayari.

927
00:46:38,030 --> 00:46:42,152
>> Kwa kweli, kama unataka
kwa serve-- Apache 50

928
00:46:42,152 --> 00:46:44,110
anafanya takriban hii,
isipokuwa haina kuja

929
00:46:44,110 --> 00:46:45,840
kiwango cha imewekwa kwenye mashine ya Linux.

930
00:46:45,840 --> 00:46:50,490
Chatu hana, na chatu
rahisi http server gani pia.

931
00:46:50,490 --> 00:46:54,717
Kama wewe ni milele kwenye mashine Linux,
au Cloud9 IDE nje ya CS50

932
00:46:54,717 --> 00:46:57,550
na Ningependa kutumikia sasa hii
directory kwa bandari fulani,

933
00:46:57,550 --> 00:47:04,610
chatu-m SimpleHTTPServer
bandari mtumishi hiyo.

934
00:47:04,610 --> 00:47:07,190
Unaweza pia kuagiza
rahisi http server

935
00:47:07,190 --> 00:47:11,240
na ni got mengi ya utendaji kama
unataka Customize yake, au mabadiliko hayo,

936
00:47:11,240 --> 00:47:15,860
au ni kukimbia it-- kuunganisha kwa
kuendesha huduma yako mwenyewe server.

937
00:47:15,860 --> 00:47:18,032
>> Hivyo hiyo ni chatu kwa kifupi.

938
00:47:18,032 --> 00:47:20,280
Na hii imekuwa CS50.

939
00:47:20,280 --> 00:47:21,980
Asante.

940
00:47:21,980 --> 00:47:23,468