1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,691

2
00:00:05,691 --> 00:00:07,690
CONNOR HARRIS: Still I
jaħsbu xi video eċċitanti

3
00:00:07,690 --> 00:00:12,570
prodott minn konsulenza professjonali
li juża R ħafna fil-ħidma tiegħu.

4
00:00:12,570 --> 00:00:16,329
>> Rakkont: X'hemm wara l-istatistiċi,
l analytics, u l-visualizations

5
00:00:16,329 --> 00:00:19,770
tal-lum xjentisti data brillanti
u mexxejja tan-negozju jiddependu fuq

6
00:00:19,770 --> 00:00:22,012
biex jagħmlu deċiżjonijiet b'saħħithom?

7
00:00:22,012 --> 00:00:23,540
Inti tista 'mhux dejjem jarawha.

8
00:00:23,540 --> 00:00:24,790
Iżda huwa hemmhekk.

9
00:00:24,790 --> 00:00:29,460
Huwa sejjaħ R, sors miftuħ R-- l
lingwa ta 'programmar statistiku

10
00:00:29,460 --> 00:00:32,630
li l-esperti tad-dejta fid-dinja
fuq l-użu għal kollox

11
00:00:32,630 --> 00:00:35,350
minn mapping soċjali wiesa
u x-xejriet online marketing

12
00:00:35,350 --> 00:00:39,210
għall-iżvilupp tal finanzjarja u l-klima
mudelli li jgħinu imexxu l-ekonomiji tagħna

13
00:00:39,210 --> 00:00:40,780
u l-komunitajiet.

14
00:00:40,780 --> 00:00:44,910
>> Imma x'inhi eżattament R
u fejn ma R tibda?

15
00:00:44,910 --> 00:00:48,620
Well oriġinarjament, R beda
hawn b'żewġ professuri

16
00:00:48,620 --> 00:00:51,950
li riedu statistika aħjar
pjattaforma għall-istudenti tagħhom.

17
00:00:51,950 --> 00:00:56,030
Allura huma maħluqa waħda mudellati
wara l-lingwa statistika S.

18
00:00:56,030 --> 00:01:00,480
Huma, flimkien ma 'ħafna oħrajn,
jinżammu jaħdmu fuq u l-użu R,

19
00:01:00,480 --> 00:01:05,489
jinħolqu għodod għall-R u s-sejba
applikazzjonijiet ġodda għal R kuljum.

20
00:01:05,489 --> 00:01:07,750
>> Grazzi għal dan huwa
sforz komunità dinjija,

21
00:01:07,750 --> 00:01:11,850
R żamm jikbru ma 'eluf
ta 'libreriji maħluq mill-utent mibnija

22
00:01:11,850 --> 00:01:15,500
biex itejbu R funzjonalità u
jinxtraw-folla validazzjoni kwalità

23
00:01:15,500 --> 00:01:19,740
u appoġġ mill-aktar rikonoxxut
mexxejja industrija f'kull qasam li

24
00:01:19,740 --> 00:01:25,040
użi R. Li huwa kbir, għaliex
R huwa l-aħjar fuq dak li tagħmel.

25
00:01:25,040 --> 00:01:28,540
Jibża esperti malajr u
faċilment jinterpretaw, jinteraġixxu ma ',

26
00:01:28,540 --> 00:01:33,790
u Ħares data li turi tagħhom malajr
komunità dejjem jikber ta 'utenti madwar id-dinja R

27
00:01:33,790 --> 00:01:36,380
u ara sors kif open
R tkompli ssawwar

28
00:01:36,380 --> 00:01:39,340
il-futur tal-istatistika
analiżi u x-xjenza tad-data.

29
00:01:39,340 --> 00:01:44,660

30
00:01:44,660 --> 00:01:47,710
>> CONNOR HARRIS: OK, kbir.

31
00:01:47,710 --> 00:01:50,360
Allura preżentazzjoni tiegħi stess
se jkun xi ftit aktar sober.

32
00:01:50,360 --> 00:01:54,380
Dan mhux se jinvolvi li ħafna
mużika fl-isfond eċċitanti.

33
00:01:54,380 --> 00:01:59,160
Imma kif inti raw fil-video, R huwa tip
ta 'lingwa ġenerali program iskop.

34
00:01:59,160 --> 00:02:03,720
Iżda kien maħluq aktar
għal xogħol statistiku.

35
00:02:03,720 --> 00:02:07,980
>> Allura huwa ddisinjat għall-istatistika,
għall-analiżi tad-data, għall-minjieri data.

36
00:02:07,980 --> 00:02:12,420
U għalhekk inti tista 'tara dan fil-lott ta
l-għażliet ta 'disinn li l-fabbrikanti tal-R

37
00:02:12,420 --> 00:02:13,320
magħmula.

38
00:02:13,320 --> 00:02:15,472
Hija maħsuba għall-aktar,
persuni li mhumiex

39
00:02:15,472 --> 00:02:17,930
esperti fil-programmazzjoni, li
huma biss picking up programmazzjoni

40
00:02:17,930 --> 00:02:23,460
fuq in-naħa sabiex ikunu jistgħu jagħmlu xogħlhom
fix-xjenza soċjali jew fl-istatistika

41
00:02:23,460 --> 00:02:25,440
jew ikun x'ikun.

42
00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:27,850
>> Hija għandha ħafna ta 'ħafna
differenzi importanti minn C.

43
00:02:27,850 --> 00:02:33,200
Iżda l-sintassi u l-mudelli
li hija tuża huma ġeneralment l-istess.

44
00:02:33,200 --> 00:02:36,830
U inti għandek tħossok pretty
ħafna fid-dar dritt barra l-BAT.

45
00:02:36,830 --> 00:02:38,520
Huwa ta 'lingwa imperattiv.

46
00:02:38,520 --> 00:02:40,260
>> Tinkwetax wisq dwar dan
jekk ma tafx it-terminu.

47
00:02:40,260 --> 00:02:42,676
Iżda hemm distinzjoni
bejn imperattiv, dikjarattiva,

48
00:02:42,676 --> 00:02:43,810
u funzjonali.

49
00:02:43,810 --> 00:02:47,600
Imperattiv ifisser biss li inti tagħmel
dikjarazzjonijiet li huma bażikament jikkmanda.

50
00:02:47,600 --> 00:02:52,340
U allura l-interpretu jew l
kompjuter ġej minnhom wieħed wieħed.

51
00:02:52,340 --> 00:02:56,630
Huwa dgħajjef ittajpjat, hemm
ebda dikjarazzjoni tat-tip fil R.

52
00:02:56,630 --> 00:02:59,130
>> U allura l-linji
bejn it-tipi differenti

53
00:02:59,130 --> 00:03:03,920
huma daqsxejn aktar laxka minn
huma fis-C, per eżempju.

54
00:03:03,920 --> 00:03:06,450
U kif għidt li hemm
faċilitajiet estensivi ħafna

55
00:03:06,450 --> 00:03:15,610
għall graphing, għal statistika
analiżi, għall-minjieri data.

56
00:03:15,610 --> 00:03:19,540
Dawn huma t-tnejn mibnija fil-
lingwa u, bħala l-video qal,

57
00:03:19,540 --> 00:03:23,680
eluf ta 'libreriji parti terza li
tista 'tniżżel u l-użu mingħajr ħlas

58
00:03:23,680 --> 00:03:25,340
mal kundizzjonijiet tal-liċenzja laxka ħafna.

59
00:03:25,340 --> 00:03:28,800

60
00:03:28,800 --> 00:03:31,500
>> Allura b'mod ġenerali, I d jirrakkomandaw
li inti tħares lejn dawn iż-żewġ kotba

61
00:03:31,500 --> 00:03:34,610
jekk inti qed tmur biex jaħdmu fuq R. One
minnhom hija rR Bidu uffiċjali

62
00:03:34,610 --> 00:03:35,110
gwida.

63
00:03:35,110 --> 00:03:38,660
Huwa miżmuma mill-
iżviluppaturi ewlenin ta 'R.

64
00:03:38,660 --> 00:03:42,400
Tista 'tniżżel mill-ġdid, mingħajr
ħlas u legalment f'dak link hemmhekk.

65
00:03:42,400 --> 00:03:45,430

66
00:03:45,430 --> 00:03:49,869
Dawn slides se jmorru
up fuq l-internet, fuq il-websajt CS50

67
00:03:49,869 --> 00:03:50,660
wara dan isir.

68
00:03:50,660 --> 00:03:53,690
Sabiex l-ebda bżonn li kopja
affarijiet isfel frantically.

69
00:03:53,690 --> 00:03:56,800
>> L-oħra hija
textbook minn Cosma Shalizi,

70
00:03:56,800 --> 00:04:00,100
li huwa professur istatistika fuq
Carnegie Mellon, imsejħa Avvanzata Data

71
00:04:00,100 --> 00:04:02,160
Analiżi minn
Punt elementari ta View.

72
00:04:02,160 --> 00:04:04,010
Dan mhux prinċipalment ktieb R.

73
00:04:04,010 --> 00:04:07,130
Huwa ktieb istatistika u
huwa ktieb analiżi tad-data.

74
00:04:07,130 --> 00:04:11,990
Iżda huwa aċċessibbli ħafna għall-persuni li
jkollhom modicum ta 'statistika għarfien.

75
00:04:11,990 --> 00:04:13,750
>> Jien qatt ma ħa kors formali.

76
00:04:13,750 --> 00:04:17,269
I biss jafu bits u biċċiet
minn diversi suġġetti alleati

77
00:04:17,269 --> 00:04:18,579
li stajt meħuda korsijiet fil.

78
00:04:18,579 --> 00:04:21,839
UI kien kapaċi jifhmu
hija perfettament tajjeb.

79
00:04:21,839 --> 00:04:25,630
>> Il-figuri kollha huma mogħtija
fl R. Huma magħmula fl-R

80
00:04:25,630 --> 00:04:30,280
u huma wkoll għandhom listings kodiċi
taħt kull figura li jgħidlek

81
00:04:30,280 --> 00:04:33,270
kif inti tagħmel kull figura mal-kodiċi R.

82
00:04:33,270 --> 00:04:37,400
U li utli ħafna jekk
inti qed tipprova jimitaw

83
00:04:37,400 --> 00:04:38,650
xi figura tara fi ktieb.

84
00:04:38,650 --> 00:04:47,840
>> U download għal darb'oħra free
stat.cmu.edu/cshalizi/ Jiddispjacini,

85
00:04:47,840 --> 00:04:50,230
li għandhom jiġu mmejla cshalizi tilde.

86
00:04:50,230 --> 00:04:53,150
I ser tagħmel żgur li jikkoreġu dak
meta l-pjastri uffiċjali go up.

87
00:04:53,150 --> 00:04:57,000
/ ADAfaEPoV li huwa biss il-
akronimu tat-titolu ktieb.

88
00:04:57,000 --> 00:04:59,850

89
00:04:59,850 --> 00:05:02,500
>> R caveats-- tant ġenerali
għandha ħafna ta 'kapaċitajiet.

90
00:05:02,500 --> 00:05:05,331
Jien biss se tkun tista 'tkopri
il-wiċċ ta 'lott ta' affarijiet.

91
00:05:05,331 --> 00:05:08,580
Ukoll l-ewwel porzjon tas-seminar
se tkun xi ħaġa ta 'dump data.

92
00:05:08,580 --> 00:05:11,437
Jien pjuttost sorry dwar dan.

93
00:05:11,437 --> 00:05:13,770
Bażikament, jien ser
jintroduċu inti għal ħafna affarijiet

94
00:05:13,770 --> 00:05:15,350
dritt barra l-BAT, li jmorru
malajr kemm jista 'jkun.

95
00:05:15,350 --> 00:05:17,058
U allura aħna nikseb biex
l-parti gost, li huwa

96
00:05:17,058 --> 00:05:20,570
l-demo fejn nista nuruk kollox
li konna tkellimna dwar fuq l-iskrin.

97
00:05:20,570 --> 00:05:23,321
U inti tista 'tilgħab madwar fuq tiegħek.

98
00:05:23,321 --> 00:05:26,070
Allura hemm għaddej li jkun hemm ħafna ta '
għalf tekniċi jintefa up here fuq.

99
00:05:26,070 --> 00:05:28,060
Ma joqogħdu jinkwetaw dwar ikkupjar kollu li stabbiliti.

100
00:05:28,060 --> 00:05:31,740
Minħabba A, tista 'tikseb l-
għalf fuq il-websajt CS50 aktar tard.

101
00:05:31,740 --> 00:05:37,780
U B, mhuwiex verament importanti li
li jimmemorizza dan mill-pjastri.

102
00:05:37,780 --> 00:05:40,462
Huwa aktar importanti li ikollok
xi faċilità intuwittivi magħha

103
00:05:40,462 --> 00:05:44,220
u li tiġi minn biss playing madwar.

104
00:05:44,220 --> 00:05:45,720
>> Allura għaliex jużaw R?

105
00:05:45,720 --> 00:05:49,440
Bażikament, jekk inti għandek proġett li
jinvolvi minjieri settijiet ta 'data kbar, data

106
00:05:49,440 --> 00:05:52,664
viżwalizzazzjoni, inti
għandhom jużaw R. Jekk int

107
00:05:52,664 --> 00:05:55,830
tagħmel analiżi statistiċi kkumplikati,
li jkun diffiċli li fl-Excel,

108
00:05:55,830 --> 00:05:58,010
per eżempju, ikun
wkoll jiġu good-- wkoll

109
00:05:58,010 --> 00:06:00,506
jekk int tagħmel statistika
analiżi li l-awtomatizzata.

110
00:06:00,506 --> 00:06:02,130
Ejja ngħidu li int żamma ta 'websajt.

111
00:06:02,130 --> 00:06:06,320
U inti tixtieq li taqra l-log server
kuljum u jikkumpilaw xi lista,

112
00:06:06,320 --> 00:06:10,320
bħall-pajjiżi top li
utenti tiegħek huma ġejjin minn,

113
00:06:10,320 --> 00:06:15,100
xi statistika sommarja dwar kemm żmien
dawn jonfqu fuq il-websajt tiegħek jew ikun x'ikun.

114
00:06:15,100 --> 00:06:16,910
U inti tixtieq li run dan kull jum.

115
00:06:16,910 --> 00:06:20,280
>> Issa jekk int tagħmel dan fl-Excel,
youd ikollhom imorru għall log server tiegħek,

116
00:06:20,280 --> 00:06:23,490
importazzjoni li fi
Excel spreadsheet data,

117
00:06:23,490 --> 00:06:24,910
run kollha l-analiżi manwalment.

118
00:06:24,910 --> 00:06:27,100
Bil R, inti tista 'sempliċement jiktbu skript wieħed.

119
00:06:27,100 --> 00:06:29,520
Skeda li jimxu kuljum
mis-sistema operattiva tiegħek.

120
00:06:29,520 --> 00:06:33,657
U mbagħad kull lejl fi 2:00 am,
jew kull meta inti iskeda li jimxu,

121
00:06:33,657 --> 00:06:35,990
se tfittex permezz tiegħek
internet traffiku għal dik il-ġurnata.

122
00:06:35,990 --> 00:06:39,010
U mbagħad mill-jum li jmiss, inti ser
jkollhom din tleqq, rapport ġdid

123
00:06:39,010 --> 00:06:41,710
jew kwalunkwe kollha ta 'l
informazzjoni li inti mitlub.

124
00:06:41,710 --> 00:06:44,960

125
00:06:44,960 --> 00:06:50,217
>> Allura bażikament R huwa għall Cisco
programmazzjoni versus analiżi Cisco.

126
00:06:50,217 --> 00:06:51,050
Preliminari isir.

127
00:06:51,050 --> 00:06:53,104
Ejja jsibu rwieħhom l-affarijiet reali.

128
00:06:53,104 --> 00:06:55,020
Allura hemm tliet reali
tipi fil-lingwa.

129
00:06:55,020 --> 00:06:56,120
Hemm tip numerika.

130
00:06:56,120 --> 00:07:01,250
Hemm tip ta 'differenza bejn
interi u punti f'wiċċ l-ilma,

131
00:07:01,250 --> 00:07:02,769
iżda mhux verament.

132
00:07:02,769 --> 00:07:04,560
Hemm karattru
tip, li huwa kordi.

133
00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:07,100
U hemm loġiku
tip, li huwa Booleans.

134
00:07:07,100 --> 00:07:11,080
>> U inti tista 'tikkonverti bejn it-tipi
jużaw dawn il-funzjonijiet kif numerika,

135
00:07:11,080 --> 00:07:15,220
kif karattru, kif loġiku.

136
00:07:15,220 --> 00:07:17,510
Jekk inti sejħa, per eżempju,
kif numerika fuq string,

137
00:07:17,510 --> 00:07:20,030
dan se tipprova taqra li string
bħala numru, bl-istess mod

138
00:07:20,030 --> 00:07:25,897
li a2i u scanf tagħmel, u C. Jekk
inti sejħa kif numerika fis vera jew falza

139
00:07:25,897 --> 00:07:26,980
dan se jaqilbu għal 1 jew 0.

140
00:07:26,980 --> 00:07:29,110
Jekk inti sejħa kif karattru
fuq xejn inneħħu

141
00:07:29,110 --> 00:07:32,550
jikkonverti dak fi
rappreżentazzjoni string.

142
00:07:32,550 --> 00:07:34,990
>> U allura hemm vectors u matrices.

143
00:07:34,990 --> 00:07:37,580
Allura vettori huma bażikament
1. arranġamenti f'dimensjoni.

144
00:07:37,580 --> 00:07:40,600
Dawn huma nsejħu arrays fil
C. Matriċi, 2 arranġamenti f'dimensjoni.

145
00:07:40,600 --> 00:07:42,350
U mbagħad ogħla
arranġamenti f'dimensjoni inti tista

146
00:07:42,350 --> 00:07:48,560
jkollhom 3, 4, 5 dimensjonijiet jew kwalunkwe
tal-valuri numeriċi, ta 'spag,

147
00:07:48,560 --> 00:07:52,860
Valuri ta 'loġiku.

148
00:07:52,860 --> 00:07:55,380
>> Inti ukoll għandek listi li huma
tip ta 'firxa assoċjattiva.

149
00:07:55,380 --> 00:07:57,390
I ser jsibu rwieħhom li daqsxejn.

150
00:07:57,390 --> 00:07:59,390
Allura ħaġa waħda importanti
li vjaġġi nies up fl-R

151
00:07:59,390 --> 00:08:01,470
hija li hemm l-ebda
reali, tipi atomika pur.

152
00:08:01,470 --> 00:08:05,870
M'hemm l-ebda distinzjoni attwali bejn
numru, bħal valur numeriku,

153
00:08:05,870 --> 00:08:07,920
u lista ta 'valuri numeriċi.

154
00:08:07,920 --> 00:08:12,370
Valuri numeriċi huma attwalment l-
istess bħall-vettori ta 'tul 1.

155
00:08:12,370 --> 00:08:14,959
U dan għandu numru ta '
implikazzjonijiet importanti.

156
00:08:14,959 --> 00:08:17,500
Waħda, dan ifisser li inti tista 'tagħmel
affarijiet ħafna faċilment li jinvolvu

157
00:08:17,500 --> 00:08:21,037
bħal żżid numru lil vector.

158
00:08:21,037 --> 00:08:23,120
R se bażikament figura
barra dak li jfisser minn dak.

159
00:08:23,120 --> 00:08:24,610
U jien ser jiksbu għal dak fit-tieni.

160
00:08:24,610 --> 00:08:27,930
Dan ifisser ukoll li hemm ebda mod
għat-tip checker-- sal-limitu

161
00:08:27,930 --> 00:08:30,530
li xi ħaġa bħal dik
teżisti R-- li tgħid

162
00:08:30,530 --> 00:08:33,780
meta inti ħadthom għadda fil-valur wieħed
meta huwa jistenna firxa jew viċi versa.

163
00:08:33,780 --> 00:08:39,159
U li jista 'jikkawża xi fard
problemi li I dam fis meta

164
00:08:39,159 --> 00:08:42,252
I kienet qed tuża R waqt xogħol għas-sajf tiegħi.

165
00:08:42,252 --> 00:08:43,710
U ma jkunx hemm arrays ta 'tip imħallat.

166
00:08:43,710 --> 00:08:46,543
Allura ma jistax ikollok firxa kienu l-
ewwel elementi huwa, I do not know,

167
00:08:46,543 --> 00:08:49,332
l-sekwenza "John" u l-
tieni element huwa numru 42.

168
00:08:49,332 --> 00:08:52,540
Jekk inti tipprova tagħmel dan, allura inti ser tingħata
kollox biss konvertiti għal string.

169
00:08:52,540 --> 00:08:54,760
Allura aħna għandna string John, spag 42.

170
00:08:54,760 --> 00:08:58,250

171
00:08:58,250 --> 00:09:02,025
>> Sintattika hekk mhux tas-soltu features-- aktar
ta 'R sintassi hija simili ħafna għal C.

172
00:09:02,025 --> 00:09:04,690
Hemm differenzi importanti ftit.

173
00:09:04,690 --> 00:09:05,620
Typing huwa dgħajjef ħafna.

174
00:09:05,620 --> 00:09:07,360
Għalhekk hemm ebda dikjarazzjonijiet varjabbli.

175
00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:12,670
Assenjazzjoni juża l-stramba
operatur żball inqas minn ħajfin.

176
00:09:12,670 --> 00:09:15,340
Kummenti huma bil-marka hash.

177
00:09:15,340 --> 00:09:19,230
I raden issa jum aħna sejħa hija hashtag
għalkemm dan mhux verament accurate-- ma

178
00:09:19,230 --> 00:09:21,810
l mmejla doppja.

179
00:09:21,810 --> 00:09:24,710
>> Residwi modulari huma b'sinjali %%.

180
00:09:24,710 --> 00:09:30,172
Diviżjoni Integer huwa ma% /% li hija
ferm diffiċli biex jinqara meta huwa projettat

181
00:09:30,172 --> 00:09:30,880
up fuq l-iskrin.

182
00:09:30,880 --> 00:09:34,150

183
00:09:34,150 --> 00:09:37,200
Tista 'tikseb meded ta'
interi bl-kolon.

184
00:09:37,200 --> 00:09:41,840
Allura 2,5 se jtik vector
kollha tal-numri 2 sa 5.

185
00:09:41,840 --> 00:09:44,530
>> Arrays huma one-indiċjati,
li viti ħafna nies

186
00:09:44,530 --> 00:09:47,540
up jekk dawn qed aktar minn
lingwi ta 'programmar tipiċi,

187
00:09:47,540 --> 00:09:50,450
bħal C, fejn ħafna
affarijiet huma zero-indiċjat.

188
00:09:50,450 --> 00:09:54,420
Għal darb'oħra, dan huwa fejn il-wirt R
bħala lingwa simili għal mhux

189
00:09:54,420 --> 00:09:56,560
programmaturi professjonali taqa 'fil.

190
00:09:56,560 --> 00:09:59,680
Jekk int soċjologu jew
ekonomista jew xi ħaġa

191
00:09:59,680 --> 00:10:01,980
u int tipprova tuża
R bażikament bħala żieda

192
00:10:01,980 --> 00:10:03,832
li tiegħek aktar importanti
xogħol professjonali,

193
00:10:03,832 --> 00:10:06,040
int ser issib
one-indiċjar daqsxejn aktar naturali.

194
00:10:06,040 --> 00:10:09,890
Għaliex inti tibda tgħodd
fl-1 fil-ħajja ta 'kuljum, mhux 0.

195
00:10:09,890 --> 00:10:13,260
>> Għal-linji, dan huwa simili għal
l foreach tibni fil-PHP,

196
00:10:13,260 --> 00:10:17,090
li int ser tingħata biex
jitgħallmu in-- pretty dalwaqt.

197
00:10:17,090 --> 00:10:22,540
Li hija għall-valur fil vector u
allura inti tista 'tagħmel affarijiet bil-valur.

198
00:10:22,540 --> 00:10:24,040
UDJENZA: Li toħroġ fil lecture.

199
00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:26,248
CONNOR HARRIS: Oh, li
toħroġ lecture, eċċellenti.

200
00:10:26,248 --> 00:10:29,815
UDJENZA: L-assenjazzjoni, huwa
suppost għall-punt mill-lemin għax-xellug?

201
00:10:29,815 --> 00:10:31,440
CONNOR HARRIS: Mill lemin għax-xellug, iva.

202
00:10:31,440 --> 00:10:34,720
Tista 'taħseb bħala l-valur fuq
id-dritt shoved fil-varjabbli

203
00:10:34,720 --> 00:10:36,240
Fuq ix-xellug.

204
00:10:36,240 --> 00:10:36,781
UDJENZA: OK.

205
00:10:36,781 --> 00:10:39,770

206
00:10:39,770 --> 00:10:42,330
>> CONNOR HARRIS: U fl-aħħarnett
sintassi funzjoni huwa daqsxejn stramba.

207
00:10:42,330 --> 00:10:48,460
Inti għandek l-isem funzjoni foo, assenjat
biex din il-funzjoni keyword, segwiti

208
00:10:48,460 --> 00:10:51,530
billi l-argumenti kollha u mbagħad l-
korp tal-funzjoni wara dik.

209
00:10:51,530 --> 00:10:53,280
Għal darb'oħra dawn l-affarijiet jistgħu
jidher daqsxejn stramba.

210
00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:57,181
Dawn ser isiru tieni natura wara
inti taħdem mal-lingwa għal bit.

211
00:10:57,181 --> 00:10:58,930
Allura vettori, il-mod
inti tibni vector

212
00:10:58,930 --> 00:11:04,550
huwa inti tip C, li hija keyword, allura
il-numri li trid jew kordi

213
00:11:04,550 --> 00:11:06,490
jew ikun x'ikun.

214
00:11:06,490 --> 00:11:07,995
Argumenti jkun ukoll vetturi.

215
00:11:07,995 --> 00:11:09,620
Iżda l-firxa li tirriżulta gets ċċattjati.

216
00:11:09,620 --> 00:11:14,385
Allura ma jistax ikollok arrays fejn
xi elementi huma numri singoli

217
00:11:14,385 --> 00:11:17,010
u xi elementi huma arrays nfushom.

218
00:11:17,010 --> 00:11:20,010
>> Mela jekk inti tipprova tibni
firxa kienu l-ewwel element huwa ta '4

219
00:11:20,010 --> 00:11:22,370
u t-tieni element
huwa l-3,5 array tkun taf

220
00:11:22,370 --> 00:11:25,890
biss jiksbu firxa tliet elementi, 4,3,5.

221
00:11:25,890 --> 00:11:27,760
Huma ma jistgħux jkunu tat-tip imħallta.

222
00:11:27,760 --> 00:11:32,290
Jekk inti tipprova taqra jew tikteb
barra mill-limiti ta 'vector

223
00:11:32,290 --> 00:11:36,640
int ser tingħata dan il-valur imsejħa NA a
li stands għal valur nieqes.

224
00:11:36,640 --> 00:11:39,900
U dan huwa maħsub għall
bħall-istatistika li

225
00:11:39,900 --> 00:11:43,080
qed jaħdmu ma 'settijiet ta' dejta mhux kompluta.

226
00:11:43,080 --> 00:11:46,460
>> Jekk inti tapplika funzjoni li suppost
li tieħu biss numru wieħed għal firxa

227
00:11:46,460 --> 00:11:49,220
imbagħad dak li inti ser tingħata hija, l-
funzjoni se jfasslu tul l-arranġament.

228
00:11:49,220 --> 00:11:52,130
Mela jekk il-funzjoni tiegħek ejja ngħidu jieħu
numru u jirritornah kwadru.

229
00:11:52,130 --> 00:11:58,170
Inti tapplika li lill-firxa 2,3,5
Dak li inti ser tingħata hija l-firxa 4,9,25.

230
00:11:58,170 --> 00:12:00,010
>> U li utli ħafna
għaliex dan ifisser li inti

231
00:12:00,010 --> 00:12:03,374
ma jkollhom jiktbu għal loops għall
nagħmlu l-affarijiet sempliċi ħafna bħal applikazzjoni

232
00:12:03,374 --> 00:12:05,040
funzjoni lill-membri kollha ta 'sett ta' dejta.

233
00:12:05,040 --> 00:12:08,557
Li jekk int taħdem ma kbir
settijiet ta 'data, inti għandek tagħmel ħafna.

234
00:12:08,557 --> 00:12:10,390
Funzjonijiet Binarju huma
dħul applikata minn dħul.

235
00:12:10,390 --> 00:12:12,430
I ser tingħata f'dak.

236
00:12:12,430 --> 00:12:16,750
Tista 'aċċess bl arrays
jew vectors ma parentesi kwadri.

237
00:12:16,750 --> 00:12:22,300
Parentesi hekk isem vector kwadru 1
se jagħtik l-ewwel element.

238
00:12:22,300 --> 00:12:25,510
Vector isem parentesi kwadri 2
se jagħtik it-tieni element.

239
00:12:25,510 --> 00:12:27,530
>> Inti tista 'tgħaddi fuq mezz
ta 'indiċi u tkun taf

240
00:12:27,530 --> 00:12:29,640
nikseb lura bażikament sub fattur.

241
00:12:29,640 --> 00:12:34,990
Allura inti tista 'tagħmel vector parentesi isem C, 2,4
u int ser tingħata l vettur fih

242
00:12:34,990 --> 00:12:38,804
it-tieni u r-raba
elementi tal-firxa.

243
00:12:38,804 --> 00:12:40,720
U jekk inti tixtieq sempliċiment
istatistika sommarju ta 'malajr

244
00:12:40,720 --> 00:12:47,529
ta 'vector bħall interquartile
firxa, medjan, massimu, tkun xi tkun,

245
00:12:47,529 --> 00:12:49,820
inti tista 'sempliċement tip sommarju
isem vector u nikseb li l-.

246
00:12:49,820 --> 00:12:52,680
Li mhux verament utli fil
programmazzjoni imma jekk int playing

247
00:12:52,680 --> 00:12:55,990
madwar il-settijiet ta 'data, huwa handy.

248
00:12:55,990 --> 00:12:58,650
>> Matrices-- bażikament
arranġamenti f'dimensjoni ogħla.

249
00:12:58,650 --> 00:13:01,190
Dawn ikollhom din sintassi notazzjoni speċjali.

250
00:13:01,190 --> 00:13:07,620
Matriċi ma 'firxa li gets
mimlija in-- sorry, matriċi ma 'data,

251
00:13:07,620 --> 00:13:09,780
numru ta 'ringieli, numru ta' kolonni.

252
00:13:09,780 --> 00:13:13,180
Meta inti għandek xi data, timla
l-array bażikament jmorru fuq għal isfel

253
00:13:13,180 --> 00:13:13,380
l-ewwel.

254
00:13:13,380 --> 00:13:14,190
Imbagħad xellug għal-lemin.

255
00:13:14,190 --> 00:13:15,030
Allura, bħal dik.

256
00:13:15,030 --> 00:13:17,809

257
00:13:17,809 --> 00:13:19,600
U R bniet fil
matriċi moltiplikazzjonijiet,

258
00:13:19,600 --> 00:13:24,310
dekompożizzjoni spettrali,
Diagonalization, ħafna affarijiet.

259
00:13:24,310 --> 00:13:27,785
Jekk inti tixtieq dimensjonali ogħla
arrays, hekk 3, 4, 5,

260
00:13:27,785 --> 00:13:29,410
jew kwalunkwe dimensjonijiet inti tista 'tagħmel dan.

261
00:13:29,410 --> 00:13:34,400
Is-sintassi hija dim firxa ugwali c,
allura l-lista tad-dimensjonijiet.

262
00:13:34,400 --> 00:13:38,620
Mela jekk inti tixtieq a 4 firxa dimensjonali
b'dimensjonijiet 4, 7, 8, 9, il-firxa,

263
00:13:38,620 --> 00:13:45,470
dim ugwali c (4,7,8,9).

264
00:13:45,470 --> 00:13:51,180
>> Inti aċċess valuri waħedhom bi brackets
ewwel comma dħul tieni dħul.

265
00:13:51,180 --> 00:13:54,870
Tista 'tikseb flieli kollu
ta 'ringieli jew kolonni.

266
00:13:54,870 --> 00:13:59,900
Ma 'dan sintassi mhux kompluta huwa
biss ringiela numru comma jew kolonna comma

267
00:13:59,900 --> 00:14:00,400
Numru.

268
00:14:00,400 --> 00:14:02,874

269
00:14:02,874 --> 00:14:04,540
Allura listi huma tip ta 'firxa assoċjati.

270
00:14:04,540 --> 00:14:06,360
Huma għandhom sintassi tagħhom stess hawn.

271
00:14:06,360 --> 00:14:08,320
Għal darb'oħra ma frantically
kopja dan kollu isfel.

272
00:14:08,320 --> 00:14:11,370
Dan huwa biss sabiex in-nies
għaddejjin mill-pjastri aktar tard

273
00:14:11,370 --> 00:14:13,089
jkollhom dan kollu referenza sbieħ.

274
00:14:13,089 --> 00:14:16,130
U dan se jsir darba ħafna naturali
I attwalment walk permezz tal-demos.

275
00:14:16,130 --> 00:14:19,295

276
00:14:19,295 --> 00:14:20,920
Allura jelenka arrays bażikament assoċjati.

277
00:14:20,920 --> 00:14:27,040
Tista 'aċċess valuri ma
isem lista, sinjal dollaru, ta 'ċavetta.

278
00:14:27,040 --> 00:14:31,370
Mela jekk lista tiegħek huwa msemmi foo,
allura inti tista 'aċċess bħal dik.

279
00:14:31,370 --> 00:14:37,032
Tista 'tikseb par-valur ewlieni kollu
billi tgħaddi fl-indiċi kategorija kwadru.

280
00:14:37,032 --> 00:14:39,240
Jekk taqra minn ineżistenti
ewlenin, int ser tingħata null.

281
00:14:39,240 --> 00:14:41,150
Dan mhux se żball.

282
00:14:41,150 --> 00:14:43,590
Ħaġa hija, R se do kif
kemm mal null kif jista '.

283
00:14:43,590 --> 00:14:46,580
U dan jista 'jfisser li jekk int
ma jistennew li jiksbu null out

284
00:14:46,580 --> 00:14:51,840
ta 'xi jaqra lista, int ser tingħata xi
Żbalji imprevedibbli aktar 'l isfel

285
00:14:51,840 --> 00:14:52,620
il-linja.

286
00:14:52,620 --> 00:14:54,890
>> Dan ġara lili tiegħi
meta xogħol għas-sajf I kienet qed tuża R

287
00:14:54,890 --> 00:14:58,410
fejn I bidlet kif ċertu
lista ġiet definita f'wieħed post

288
00:14:58,410 --> 00:15:05,410
iżda ma biddilx aktar tard fuq il-
kodiċi li taqra l-valuri minnha.

289
00:15:05,410 --> 00:15:10,190
U hekk dak li ġara kien I kien
qari valuri nulla minn din il-lista,

290
00:15:10,190 --> 00:15:13,090
tgħaddi minnhom fil-funzjonijiet,
u li ħafna konfuż

291
00:15:13,090 --> 00:15:16,000
meta sirt kull xorta ta '
infinities każwali ħsad

292
00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:16,790
F'din il-funzjoni.

293
00:15:16,790 --> 00:15:20,730
Għaliex jekk inti tapplika ċerti massimu
jew funzjonijiet minimi li nulla,

294
00:15:20,730 --> 00:15:22,570
int ser tingħata valuri infinita out.

295
00:15:22,570 --> 00:15:26,400

296
00:15:26,400 --> 00:15:29,180
>> Frejms tad-data, dawn qed subklassi tal-lista.

297
00:15:29,180 --> 00:15:31,170
Kull valur huwa veikolu
tal-istess tul.

298
00:15:31,170 --> 00:15:34,220
U dawn qed jintuża għall-preżentazzjoni,
bażikament, tabelli tad-data.

299
00:15:34,220 --> 00:15:36,175
Hemm dan sintassi inizjalizzazzjoni.

300
00:15:36,175 --> 00:15:38,800
Dan se kollox, għal darb'oħra, jkun ħafna
aktar ċara meta ikollok l-demo.

301
00:15:38,800 --> 00:15:42,240

302
00:15:42,240 --> 00:15:44,240
U l-ħaġa sbieħ dwar
frejms data hija li inti

303
00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:49,380
jistgħu jagħtu ismijiet kollha l-kolonni
u ismijiet kollha l-ringieli.

304
00:15:49,380 --> 00:15:53,890
U hekk li jagħmel aċċess
minnhom daqsxejn aktar familjari.

305
00:15:53,890 --> 00:15:59,130
Ukoll dan huwa kif funzjonijiet l-aktar li
jinqraw data minn Excel spreadsheets

306
00:15:59,130 --> 00:16:03,820
jew minn fajls test, per eżempju,
se jinqraw data tagħhom.

307
00:16:03,820 --> 00:16:07,555
Huma ser poġġih fil
xi tip ta 'qafas data.

308
00:16:07,555 --> 00:16:09,680
Allura functions---funzjonijiet
sintassi huwa daqsxejn stramb.

309
00:16:09,680 --> 00:16:16,160
Għal darb'oħra huwa l-isem tal-funzjoni,
tassenja, din il-funzjoni keyword u mbagħad

310
00:16:16,160 --> 00:16:17,900
il-lista ta 'argumenti.

311
00:16:17,900 --> 00:16:24,080
Allura hemm xi affarijiet sbieħ
dwar kif il-funzjonijiet jaħdem hawn.

312
00:16:24,080 --> 00:16:28,170
Għal waħda, inti tista 'attwalment tassenja
valuri awtomatiċi għal ċerti argumenti.

313
00:16:28,170 --> 00:16:32,910
Allura inti tista 'tgħid R1
equals-- inti tista 'tgħid foo

314
00:16:32,910 --> 00:16:38,290
hija funzjoni fejn R1 huwa daqs xi ħaġa
awtomatikament jekk l-utent jispeċifika

315
00:16:38,290 --> 00:16:39,090
ebda argumenti.

316
00:16:39,090 --> 00:16:41,932
Inkella, huwa kull ma jitqiegħdu fil.

317
00:16:41,932 --> 00:16:44,140
U dan huwa ferm handy
peress li ħafna ta 'funzjonijiet tagħna

318
00:16:44,140 --> 00:16:47,910
ħafna drabi għexieren jew
mijiet ta 'argumenti.

319
00:16:47,910 --> 00:16:51,210
Per eżempju dawk għall plotting
graffs jew tpinġi plots dispersjoni

320
00:16:51,210 --> 00:16:54,430
jkollhom argumenti li jikkontrollaw
kollox mit-titolu u l-assi

321
00:16:54,430 --> 00:16:59,512
tikketti għall-kulur ta 'linji ta' rigressjoni.

322
00:16:59,512 --> 00:17:01,470
U hekk jekk inti ma tridx
li tagħmel lin-nies tispeċifika

323
00:17:01,470 --> 00:17:04,050
kull wieħed minn dawn
mijiet ta 'argumenti

324
00:17:04,050 --> 00:17:07,674
kontroll kull aspett uniku tal
a plot jew rigress jew kwalunkwe,

325
00:17:07,674 --> 00:17:09,299
huwa sbieħ li jkollhom dawn il-valuri awtomatiċi.

326
00:17:09,299 --> 00:17:12,700

327
00:17:12,700 --> 00:17:19,146
>> U allura inti tista 'attwalment
tikteb kif inti raw lura hawn.

328
00:17:19,146 --> 00:17:22,869
Jew isibu eżempju aħjar.

329
00:17:22,869 --> 00:17:28,690
Meta inti sejħa funzjonijiet inti tista 'attwalment
jsejħulhom billi jiġu wżati ismijiet argument.

330
00:17:28,690 --> 00:17:33,919
Allura hawnhekk eżempju ta '
l kostruttur matriċi.

331
00:17:33,919 --> 00:17:34,960
Huwa jieħu tliet argumenti.

332
00:17:34,960 --> 00:17:36,760
Normalment għandek data,
li huwa vector.

333
00:17:36,760 --> 00:17:38,920
Inti għandek N ringiela, li
huwa n-numru ta 'ringieli.

334
00:17:38,920 --> 00:17:41,160
Inti għandek N cols-- numru ta 'kolonni.

335
00:17:41,160 --> 00:17:43,920
Il-ħaġa hija jekk inti tip
N ringiela ugwali x'ikun

336
00:17:43,920 --> 00:17:46,520
u N col ugwali ikun xi jkun meta
int ssejjaħ din il-funzjoni,

337
00:17:46,520 --> 00:17:47,770
inti tista 'attwalment reverse minnhom.

338
00:17:47,770 --> 00:17:51,590
Allura inti tista 'tpoġġi N col ewwel u N ringiela
tieni u se jagħmlu l-ebda differenza.

339
00:17:51,590 --> 00:17:54,660
Allura dak karatteristika ftit sbieħ.

340
00:17:54,660 --> 00:17:56,260
>> Did importazzjoni u esportazzjoni.

341
00:17:56,260 --> 00:18:00,010
Dan jista 'jsir, bażikament.

342
00:18:00,010 --> 00:18:03,816
Hemm ukoll faċilitajiet biex jiktbu out
arbitrarju R joġġezzjona għal fajl binarju

343
00:18:03,816 --> 00:18:05,190
u mbagħad jaqra lura fil aktar tard.

344
00:18:05,190 --> 00:18:08,030
Liema hija handy jekk inti qed tagħmel
sessjoni interattiva big R

345
00:18:08,030 --> 00:18:12,850
u inti għandek bżonn biex jiffrankaw
affarijiet malajr ħafna.

346
00:18:12,850 --> 00:18:16,460
Permezz ta 'default R għandha direttorju taħdem
li l-fajls nikseb miktub barra fil

347
00:18:16,460 --> 00:18:19,410
u aqra lura minn.

348
00:18:19,410 --> 00:18:22,350
Tista 'tara li ma
getwg, jibdlu ma 'setdw.

349
00:18:22,350 --> 00:18:25,630
Xejn speċjalment interessanti hawn

350
00:18:25,630 --> 00:18:28,270
>> Allura issa l-istatistika attwali
stuff-- rigressjoni multilinear.

351
00:18:28,270 --> 00:18:30,960

352
00:18:30,960 --> 00:18:34,910
Allura l-sintassi tas-soltu
huwa daqsxejn ikkumplikata.

353
00:18:34,910 --> 00:18:37,260
Il-mudell huwa oġġett kbir bażikament.

354
00:18:37,260 --> 00:18:39,910
Jiġrilha assenjat għal SE,
li hija sejħa funzjoni.

355
00:18:39,910 --> 00:18:43,840
L-ewwel element, il-y
x1 tilde plus ikun x'ikun.

356
00:18:43,840 --> 00:18:46,574

357
00:18:46,574 --> 00:18:47,990
Sintassi tiegħi hawnhekk huwa daqsxejn konfużjoni.

358
00:18:47,990 --> 00:18:49,490
Jien pjuttost sorry, dan
huwa l-mod standard

359
00:18:49,490 --> 00:18:50,990
li l-kotba tax-xjenza tal-kompjuter jagħmlu dan.

360
00:18:50,990 --> 00:18:54,890
Iżda huwa daqsxejn stramb.

361
00:18:54,890 --> 00:18:58,200
>> Allura bażikament, huwa lm
parentesi, l-ewwel oġġett

362
00:18:58,200 --> 00:19:06,730
huwa variable-- sorry, dipendenti
x1 tilde varjabbli plus x2 plus

363
00:19:06,730 --> 00:19:10,910
iżda ħafna indipendenti
varjabbli għandek.

364
00:19:10,910 --> 00:19:14,240
U allura dawn jistgħu jkunu jew
vettori, l-istess tul.

365
00:19:14,240 --> 00:19:16,220
Jew jistgħu jkunu kolonna
headers fil-qafas tad-data

366
00:19:16,220 --> 00:19:18,553
li inti biss tispeċifika fil-
tieni frame data argument.

367
00:19:18,553 --> 00:19:23,270

368
00:19:23,270 --> 00:19:26,380
>> Tista 'wkoll tispeċifika
formola aktar kumpless

369
00:19:26,380 --> 00:19:31,990
sabiex inti ma għandekx lineari
rigressjoni varjabbli waħda dipendenti,

370
00:19:31,990 --> 00:19:34,440
jew vector wieħed fuq vector pre-eżistenti.

371
00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:38,070
Tista 'tagħmel, per eżempju,
y komponent vector kwadrat flimkien ma '1

372
00:19:38,070 --> 00:19:42,100
u rigressjoni li kontra l-
log ta 'xi vector oħra.

373
00:19:42,100 --> 00:19:45,200
Tista 'tipprintja sommarji ta'
mudell ma 'dan il-kmand imsejħa

374
00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:48,607
summary-- biss sommarju parens mudell.

375
00:19:48,607 --> 00:19:50,190
Għal darb'oħra xi ħaġa oħra I għandha tiċċara.

376
00:19:50,190 --> 00:19:55,407

377
00:19:55,407 --> 00:19:58,615
Xi ħaġa oħra li se tikseb kkoreġut
meta l-pjastri jitla 'fuq l-internet.

378
00:19:58,615 --> 00:20:01,127

379
00:20:01,127 --> 00:20:03,210
Jekk inti biss tixtieq li jikkalkulaw
korrelazzjoni sempliċi

380
00:20:03,210 --> 00:20:09,170
inti tista 'tuża vector korrelazzjoni
1 vector 2 qalba funzjoni.

381
00:20:09,170 --> 00:20:11,856
Metodu huwa awtomatikament
Korrelazzjonijiet Pearson.

382
00:20:11,856 --> 00:20:13,480
Dawk huma dawk standard li tista 'tagħmel.

383
00:20:13,480 --> 00:20:15,990
Hemm ukoll Spearman u
Korrelazzjonijiet Kendell

384
00:20:15,990 --> 00:20:19,530
li huma xi varjetà ta '
korrelazzjoni ordni rank.

385
00:20:19,530 --> 00:20:23,600
Ukoll dawn ma jikkalkulaw prodott
Mumenti bejn il vettori nfushom,

386
00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:28,511
iżda ta 'ordnijiet rank tal-vector tal.

387
00:20:28,511 --> 00:20:29,510
I ser jispjegaw dan aktar tard.

388
00:20:29,510 --> 00:20:30,120
>> UDJENZA: Quick kwistjoni

389
00:20:30,120 --> 00:20:30,360
>> CONNER HARRIS: Sure.

390
00:20:30,360 --> 00:20:33,151
>> UDJENZA: Allura meta inti qed kalkolu
għall-korrelazzjonijiet sempliċi do

391
00:20:33,151 --> 00:20:37,655
għandek tassumi li hemm statistika
sinifikat għall-korrelazzjoni?

392
00:20:37,655 --> 00:20:39,030
CONNER HARRIS: Inti ma għandekx.

393
00:20:39,030 --> 00:20:41,840

394
00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:43,960
An lm hija bażikament biss magna.

395
00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:47,690
Huwa se jieħu f'żewġ affarijiet
u se bżiq out

396
00:20:47,690 --> 00:20:49,770
koeffiċjenti għall-linja tajbin aħjar.

397
00:20:49,770 --> 00:20:52,310
Fih ukoll informazzjoni standard
żbalji fuq dawk il-koeffiċjenti.

398
00:20:52,310 --> 00:20:55,865
U se jgħidlek, bħall hija l-
jinterċettaw statistikament sinifikanti

399
00:20:55,865 --> 00:20:56,740
jew differenza minn 0.

400
00:20:56,740 --> 00:20:59,400
Huwa l-inklinazzjoni tal-aħjar
linja tajbin statistikament

401
00:20:59,400 --> 00:21:01,510
differenti minn żero, eċċetera.

402
00:21:01,510 --> 00:21:06,260
Allura hija tassumi xejn, I think
huwa aħjar tweġiba għall-mistoqsija tiegħek.

403
00:21:06,260 --> 00:21:07,410
KOLLOX SEW.

404
00:21:07,410 --> 00:21:14,650
>> Plotting-- hekk ir-raġuni prinċipali għandek
użu R, bħal rigressjoni multilinear.

405
00:21:14,650 --> 00:21:17,320
Bażikament kull lingwa
għandha xi faċilità għal dan.

406
00:21:17,320 --> 00:21:21,365
U s-sintassi onestament R għall
rigressjoni huwa daqsxejn arcane.

407
00:21:21,365 --> 00:21:22,990
Iżda plotting huwa fejn hu verament jiddi.

408
00:21:22,990 --> 00:21:28,090
>> Il-funzjoni qofol huwa plot
u li tieħu żewġ vettori, xuy.

409
00:21:28,090 --> 00:21:33,010
U allura l-elissi stands għal ħafna
numru kbir ta 'argumenti fakultattivi li

410
00:21:33,010 --> 00:21:39,190
kontroll kollox minn titoli għall-kuluri
tal-linji differenti jew punti varji,

411
00:21:39,190 --> 00:21:40,200
għat-tip ta 'plott.

412
00:21:40,200 --> 00:21:42,250
Inti jista 'jkollhom scatter
plots jew plots linja.

413
00:21:42,250 --> 00:21:47,900

414
00:21:47,900 --> 00:21:49,710
>> [Inaudible] 2 vectors
tal-istess tul.

415
00:21:49,710 --> 00:21:53,780
Tista 'jippreċedi dan ma' tehmeż
frame data b'kitba tiegħek.

416
00:21:53,780 --> 00:22:01,220
U dan se let inti biss tuża kolonna
headers minflok vectors separati.

417
00:22:01,220 --> 00:22:05,410
Inti tista 'żżid aħjar linji li joqgħodu u lokali
kurvi ta 'rigressjoni għall graff tiegħek.

418
00:22:05,410 --> 00:22:09,390
>> Dawn il-kmandijiet elenkati
hawn, ab linja u l-linji,

419
00:22:09,390 --> 00:22:11,640
awtomatikament dawn jiksbu
miktuba fil pop up twieqi

420
00:22:11,640 --> 00:22:15,560
minħabba li jassumi li
inti qed tuża R interattiv.

421
00:22:15,560 --> 00:22:17,310
Jekk int ma tista
jiktbu żewġ fajls li

422
00:22:17,310 --> 00:22:21,600
huma verament xi format inti tixtieq.

423
00:22:21,600 --> 00:22:25,410
Jiddispjacini, I jkollhom typo I biss realizzati.

424
00:22:25,410 --> 00:22:30,887

425
00:22:30,887 --> 00:22:32,720
Jekk inti tixtieq li tiftaħ
mezz ieħor grafika

426
00:22:32,720 --> 00:22:39,200
inti tista 'tuża din il-funzjoni tissejjaħ PNG jew
JPEG jew lott ta 'formati immaġni oħrajn.

427
00:22:39,200 --> 00:22:42,319
U inti tista 'tikteb graffs għal
tkun xi fajl isem inti tispeċifika.

428
00:22:42,319 --> 00:22:45,110
Biex tikkanċella li inti għandek use--
I ma jiktbu dan fil-slide--

429
00:22:45,110 --> 00:22:49,650
imma hemm funzjoni msejħa DEV
dot off li jieħu ebda argumenti.

430
00:22:49,650 --> 00:22:51,517
>> Imbagħad hemm faċilitajiet
għall 3D tpinġi

431
00:22:51,517 --> 00:22:53,350
u għal kontorn plotting
jekk inti tixtieq li tagħmel

432
00:22:53,350 --> 00:22:55,700
graffs ta 'żewġ varjabbli indipendenti.

433
00:22:55,700 --> 00:22:57,150
I mhux se jsibu rwieħhom dawn id-dritt issa.

434
00:22:57,150 --> 00:22:59,130
>> Hemm ukoll xi
faċilitajiet għall-animazzjoni

435
00:22:59,130 --> 00:23:01,300
dawn huma normalment
miżmuma minn partijiet terzi.

436
00:23:01,300 --> 00:23:06,330
I għamlu animazzjonijiet bil graphs R,
imma jien ma jkunux użati dawn terza persuna

437
00:23:06,330 --> 00:23:06,940
libreriji.

438
00:23:06,940 --> 00:23:09,929
So I ma jistgħux verament jaffermaw
biex kemm huma tajbin.

439
00:23:09,929 --> 00:23:12,220
What I jirrakkomandaw jekk inti tixtieq
biex jagħmlu animazzjonijiet jużaw R

440
00:23:12,220 --> 00:23:16,480
huwa inti tista 'tikteb out kollha ta'
l-oqfsa għall-animazzjonijiet

441
00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:18,470
u allura inti tista 'tuża
program-- parti terza

442
00:23:18,470 --> 00:23:23,630
dawk tipiċi huma msejħa FFmpeg
jew ImageMagick-- stitch

443
00:23:23,630 --> 00:23:26,540
kollha ta 'frames tiegħek fis animazzjoni wieħed.

444
00:23:26,540 --> 00:23:28,380
>> Allura waqt għall demo.

445
00:23:28,380 --> 00:23:31,030

446
00:23:31,030 --> 00:23:37,189
Mela jekk inti qed tuża xi Unix bħall sistema
li huwa Linux BSD imma li juża BSD.

447
00:23:37,189 --> 00:23:39,730
OS X tiftaħ tieqa terminal u
tip R fil-kmand fil-pront.

448
00:23:39,730 --> 00:23:42,820
Jekk għandek R studio jew
bħalhom, li jaħdem ukoll.

449
00:23:42,820 --> 00:23:46,270
Għall-utenti Windows inti għandek tkun
tista 'ssib R fil-menu Bidu tiegħek.

450
00:23:46,270 --> 00:23:50,390
Għandu jissejjaħ xi ħaġa
bħal R x64 3 punt ikun x'ikun.

451
00:23:50,390 --> 00:23:53,110
Iftaħ li up hemm.

452
00:23:53,110 --> 00:23:58,850
>> Allura issa let me biss
tiftaħ tieqa terminal.

453
00:23:58,850 --> 00:24:02,562
Dritt kollha, it-tiftix.

454
00:24:02,562 --> 00:24:03,520
UDJENZA: Kmand-Ispazju

455
00:24:03,520 --> 00:24:06,675
CONNER HARRIS: Kmand-Ispazju, nirringrazzjak.

456
00:24:06,675 --> 00:24:10,030
I ma ordinarjament użu MACs.

457
00:24:10,030 --> 00:24:13,310
Terminal, juru tieqa ġdida.

458
00:24:13,310 --> 00:24:18,120
Tieqa ġdida hija settings
bażiku, R. Allura għandek tikseb

459
00:24:18,120 --> 00:24:22,230
messaġġ merħba, xi ħaġa bħal din.

460
00:24:22,230 --> 00:24:31,060
>> Hekk jien jużaw R interattiv.

461
00:24:31,060 --> 00:24:32,719
Tista 'wkoll tikteb skripts R tal-kors.

462
00:24:32,719 --> 00:24:34,510
Bażikament skripts run
bl-istess mod eżatt kif

463
00:24:34,510 --> 00:24:40,250
jekk inti kienu seduta fil-kompjuter
ittajpjar f'kull linja waħda f'ħin wieħed.

464
00:24:40,250 --> 00:24:42,660
Mela ejja nibdew billi tagħmel vector.

465
00:24:42,660 --> 00:24:46,230
A vleġġa C 1, 2.

466
00:24:46,230 --> 00:24:49,400
1, 2, 4.

467
00:24:49,400 --> 00:24:50,050
OK, żgur.

468
00:24:50,050 --> 00:24:51,630
I jistgħu jagħmlu l-daqs tat-tipa akbar.

469
00:24:51,630 --> 00:24:53,030
>> UDJENZA: Kmand-Plus

470
00:24:53,030 --> 00:24:53,650
>> CONNER HARRIS: Kmand-Plus.

471
00:24:53,650 --> 00:24:54,191
Kmand-Plus.

472
00:24:54,191 --> 00:24:57,610

473
00:24:57,610 --> 00:25:00,370
Kull dritt, kif li?

474
00:25:00,370 --> 00:25:00,870
Tajba?

475
00:25:00,870 --> 00:25:01,551
KOLLOX SEW.

476
00:25:01,551 --> 00:25:03,300
Mela ejja nibdew mill
tiddikjara lista vector.

477
00:25:03,300 --> 00:25:08,710
Do, vleġġa, C 1,2,4.

478
00:25:08,710 --> 00:25:11,181
Nistgħu naraw.

479
00:25:11,181 --> 00:25:12,680
Ma joqogħdu jinkwetaw dwar il-kategorija hemmhekk.

480
00:25:12,680 --> 00:25:18,590
Il-parentesi huma hekk jekk inti jistampa
arrays twal ħafna, nistgħu fejn int.

481
00:25:18,590 --> 00:25:26,987
Eżempju wieħed ikun jekk I
biss jixtiequ firxa 2-200.

482
00:25:26,987 --> 00:25:28,820
Jekk I stampata ħafna
firxa twila, il-parentesi

483
00:25:28,820 --> 00:25:31,060
huma biss hekk I tista 'żżomm
track minnhom indiċi

484
00:25:31,060 --> 00:25:33,250
aħna qed fuq jekk I infittex
permezz ta 'dan viżwalment.

485
00:25:33,250 --> 00:25:36,570

486
00:25:36,570 --> 00:25:38,280
Allura xorta, għandna.

487
00:25:38,280 --> 00:25:43,326
>> So I said qabel li arrays jinteraġixxu
ħafna nicely ma ', per eżempju,

488
00:25:43,326 --> 00:25:44,450
operazzjonijiet unary bħal dan.

489
00:25:44,450 --> 00:25:46,500
Allura dak li taħseb I ser
jiksbu jekk I tip plus 1?

490
00:25:46,500 --> 00:25:49,630

491
00:25:49,630 --> 00:25:51,140
Yep.

492
00:25:51,140 --> 00:25:54,250
Dritt, issa I ser tagħmel
dan array differenti.

493
00:25:54,250 --> 00:26:01,650
Ejja ngħidu b c 20,40, 80.

494
00:26:01,650 --> 00:26:03,400
Allura dak li taħseb
dan il-kmand se tagħmel?

495
00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:09,962

496
00:26:09,962 --> 00:26:10,670
Żid l-elementi.

497
00:26:10,670 --> 00:26:14,950
U hekk bażikament dan huwa dak li tagħmel.

498
00:26:14,950 --> 00:26:16,740
Allura dan huwa pretty konvenjenti.

499
00:26:16,740 --> 00:26:23,800
So I kif dwar nagħmel dan. c
huwa, ejja ngħidu, 6 darbiet 1 sa 10.

500
00:26:23,800 --> 00:26:26,789

501
00:26:26,789 --> 00:26:28,830
Allura dak do Irrid nara
contained, taħseb?

502
00:26:28,830 --> 00:26:37,110

503
00:26:37,110 --> 00:26:38,110
Allura multipli kollha ta 'sitt.

504
00:26:38,110 --> 00:26:42,170
Issa, x'taħseb
se jiġri jekk nagħmel dan?

505
00:26:42,170 --> 00:26:48,090
I ser tagħmel dan daqsxejn aktar ċara, c, c.

506
00:26:48,090 --> 00:26:50,365
Allura x'jiġri, do you
think, jekk nagħmel dan?

507
00:26:50,365 --> 00:26:51,488
plus c.

508
00:26:51,488 --> 00:26:55,550

509
00:26:55,550 --> 00:26:56,050
[Inaudible]

510
00:26:56,050 --> 00:26:58,552

511
00:26:58,552 --> 00:27:02,350
>> UDJENZA: Jew żball jew
biss iżid l-ewwel tliet elementi.

512
00:27:02,350 --> 00:27:04,510
>> CONNER HARRIS: Mhux pjuttost.

513
00:27:04,510 --> 00:27:05,522
Dan huwa dak li aħna ltqajna.

514
00:27:05,522 --> 00:27:08,910
X'jiġri hija iqsar
array, a, ltqajna ċiklata.

515
00:27:08,910 --> 00:27:13,990
Allura aħna ltqajna 124, 124, 124.

516
00:27:13,990 --> 00:27:15,710
Yeah.

517
00:27:15,710 --> 00:27:18,940
U bażikament, inti tista 'tara
din l-imġiba qabel, plus 1,

518
00:27:18,940 --> 00:27:22,190
bħala subklassi ta 'din l-imġiba, fejn
l-iqsar firxa huwa biss in-numru

519
00:27:22,190 --> 00:27:25,410
1, li hija firxa element wieħed.

520
00:27:25,410 --> 00:27:27,740
I biss tkun qal vector kollha
il-ħin minflok firxa,

521
00:27:27,740 --> 00:27:30,290
għaliex dan huwa dak lr
dokumentazzjoni normalment ma.

522
00:27:30,290 --> 00:27:33,070
Huwa ta 'vizzju c sodi.

523
00:27:33,070 --> 00:27:37,590
>> OK, u hekk issa għandna din array.

524
00:27:37,590 --> 00:27:38,830
Allura aħna għandna dan array, c.

525
00:27:38,830 --> 00:27:41,380
Nistgħu nibdew sommarju
statistika dwar c, sommarju c.

526
00:27:41,380 --> 00:27:46,920

527
00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:48,280
U li sbieħ.

528
00:27:48,280 --> 00:27:51,070

529
00:27:51,070 --> 00:27:52,670
Allura issa ejja jagħmlu xi matriċi affarijiet.

530
00:27:52,670 --> 00:27:56,160
Ejja ngħidu m huwa matriċi.

531
00:27:56,160 --> 00:27:57,780
Ejjew nagħmluha ta 'tliet minn tliet wieħed.

532
00:27:57,780 --> 00:28:01,630
Allura nrows ugwali 3, u ncols ugwali 3.

533
00:28:01,630 --> 00:28:04,190

534
00:28:04,190 --> 00:28:10,710
U għal data ejja do-- sabiex dak
taħseb li dan se tagħmel?

535
00:28:10,710 --> 00:28:15,310

536
00:28:15,310 --> 00:28:16,580
>> Dritt, huwa dak li jmiss.

537
00:28:16,580 --> 00:28:17,970
Huwa nrow u ncolumn.

538
00:28:17,970 --> 00:28:22,164

539
00:28:22,164 --> 00:28:24,580
Allura dak I ghamilt hija stajt
iddikjarat tliet minn tliet matriċi

540
00:28:24,580 --> 00:28:26,950
u stajt għaddew fil-firxa ta 'disa' element.

541
00:28:26,950 --> 00:28:30,530
Allura l-logaritmu ta 'dan kollu
element wieħed permezz ta 'disa.

542
00:28:30,530 --> 00:28:33,400

543
00:28:33,400 --> 00:28:37,285
U dawk il-valuri kollha timla
l-sorry array--?

544
00:28:37,285 --> 00:28:38,660
UDJENZA: Dawk huma bażi 10 zkuk?

545
00:28:38,660 --> 00:28:41,284
CONNER HARRIS: Le, log hija
logaritmi naturali, sabiex bażi e.

546
00:28:41,284 --> 00:28:44,886

547
00:28:44,886 --> 00:28:47,010
Yeah, bażi jekk int riedu
10 log, naħseb li inti d jkollhom

548
00:28:47,010 --> 00:28:51,620
log kwalunkwe, diviż bl log 10.

549
00:28:51,620 --> 00:28:56,750
U għalhekk id-dejta tal-[inaudible] biss
jimla l-firxa, hekk fuq għal isfel,

550
00:28:56,750 --> 00:28:59,490
imbagħad xellug għal-lemin.

551
00:28:59,490 --> 00:29:06,890
U jekk inti riedu jagħmlu xi oħra
firxa, ejja ngħidu n huwa matriċi.

552
00:29:06,890 --> 00:29:10,317
Ejja nagħmlu, I do not know, it-2 sa 13.

553
00:29:10,317 --> 00:29:11,900
Jew I ser tagħmel xi ħaġa aktar interessanti.

554
00:29:11,900 --> 00:29:13,770
I ser tagħmel 2 sa 4.

555
00:29:13,770 --> 00:29:15,780
nrow ndaqs, ejja ngħidu, 3.

556
00:29:15,780 --> 00:29:18,992
ncol ugwali 4.

557
00:29:18,992 --> 00:29:20,360
n.

558
00:29:20,360 --> 00:29:22,090
Allura konna ltqajna dan.

559
00:29:22,090 --> 00:29:26,130
>> U issa jekk irridu li jimmultiplikaw dawn,
aħna se nagħmlu drabi mija n-mija,

560
00:29:26,130 --> 00:29:27,680
minħabba li n.

561
00:29:27,680 --> 00:29:30,234

562
00:29:30,234 --> 00:29:31,400
U aħna għandna prodotti matriċi.

563
00:29:31,400 --> 00:29:33,970

564
00:29:33,970 --> 00:29:37,810
Billi dawn il-mod, ma inti tara kif
meta I ddikjarat n, il-2 sa 4

565
00:29:37,810 --> 00:29:43,570
vector ltqajna ċiklata sakemm
it mimlija up kollha ta 'n?

566
00:29:43,570 --> 00:29:45,710
Jekk inti riedu jieħdu
dekompożizzjoni eigenvalue,

567
00:29:45,710 --> 00:29:46,960
din hija xi ħaġa li nistgħu nagħmlu ħafna faċilment.

568
00:29:46,960 --> 00:29:47,709
Nistgħu nagħmlu Eigen n.

569
00:29:47,709 --> 00:29:52,290

570
00:29:52,290 --> 00:29:54,600
U għalhekk dan huwa l-ewwel tagħna
jiltaqgħu ma 'lista.

571
00:29:54,600 --> 00:29:57,000
>> Allura n Eigen hija lista b'żewġ keys.

572
00:29:57,000 --> 00:29:58,430
Valuri, li huwa dan array hawn.

573
00:29:58,430 --> 00:30:01,030
U vettori, li huwa dan array hawnhekk.

574
00:30:01,030 --> 00:30:08,240
Mela jekk int riedu estratt,
jiġifieri, dan it-tielet kolonna

575
00:30:08,240 --> 00:30:13,080
mill-matriċi eigenvectors, minħabba
l eigenvectors huma vettori kolonna.

576
00:30:13,080 --> 00:30:24,400
Allura nistgħu nagħmlu Eigen VEC sinjal n dollaru
vettori, comma 3, ta [inaudible].

577
00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:29,800

578
00:30:29,800 --> 00:30:30,900
VEC.

579
00:30:30,900 --> 00:30:34,100
Hija li, kif inti tista 'tistenna.

580
00:30:34,100 --> 00:30:39,210
>> Imbagħad jgħidu n ħinijiet drabi mija VEC.

581
00:30:39,210 --> 00:30:42,610

582
00:30:42,610 --> 00:30:48,320
Għalhekk ir-riżultat hawnhekk ċertament qisu
jekk aħna ħa t-tielet eigenvalue hawn,

583
00:30:48,320 --> 00:30:50,390
li jikkorrispondi ma '
it-tielet eigenvector.

584
00:30:50,390 --> 00:30:53,190
Hija biss immultiplikat kollox fil
dan eigenvector,-komponent għaqli,

585
00:30:53,190 --> 00:30:53,990
mill-eigenvalue.

586
00:30:53,990 --> 00:30:57,760
U dan huwa dak li aħna tistenna,
għaliex dan huwa dak eigenvalues ​​huma.

587
00:30:57,760 --> 00:31:00,890
Has ħadd hawn ma
meħuda alġebra lineari?

588
00:31:00,890 --> 00:31:02,530
A nies koppja, OK.

589
00:31:02,530 --> 00:31:04,030
Just dawran imħuħ tiegħek off għal ftit.

590
00:31:04,030 --> 00:31:07,490

591
00:31:07,490 --> 00:31:20,720
U fil-fatt jekk nieħdu Eigen n
Valuri sinjal dollaru 3 darbiet VEC,

592
00:31:20,720 --> 00:31:21,810
ukoll jiksbu l-istess ħaġa.

593
00:31:21,810 --> 00:31:24,726
Huwa formattjati b'mod differenti bħala filliera
vector minflok ta 'vector kolonna,

594
00:31:24,726 --> 00:31:25,640
iżda big deal.

595
00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:29,430

596
00:31:29,430 --> 00:31:35,170
U hekk dawn huma bażikament l-sbieħ
affarijiet li nistgħu nagħmlu mal-matriċi,

597
00:31:35,170 --> 00:31:36,489
listi dimostrati.

598
00:31:36,489 --> 00:31:39,030
I għandhom juru l-sbieħ
affarijiet dwar funzjonijiet kif ukoll.

599
00:31:39,030 --> 00:31:41,750
>> Mela ejja say-- [inaudible]
, il-funzjoni sejħa ejja

600
00:31:41,750 --> 00:31:51,960
it funzjonijiet kontra funzjoni n n squared--
fil-fatt, li mhux verament l-aħjar.

601
00:31:51,960 --> 00:31:55,632
a, b, a kwadru plus b.

602
00:31:55,632 --> 00:31:58,547

603
00:31:58,547 --> 00:32:00,380
Allura ħaġa waħda dwar
funzjonijiet, għal darb'oħra, hija huma

604
00:32:00,380 --> 00:32:01,963
m'għandhomx bżonn dikjarazzjonijiet ritorn espliċiti.

605
00:32:01,963 --> 00:32:04,250
Allura inti tista 'just-- l
aħħar stqarrija evalwati

606
00:32:04,250 --> 00:32:07,502
se jkun l-istqarrija lura,
jew il-valur irritornat.

607
00:32:07,502 --> 00:32:10,460
Allura f'dan il-każ, aħna qed biss evalwazzjoni
dikjarazzjoni waħda, plus kwadru b.

608
00:32:10,460 --> 00:32:12,043
Li se jkun il-valur tar-ritorn default.

609
00:32:12,043 --> 00:32:14,530
Hija qatt ma jolqot li jitqiegħdu fil
Valuri ritorn b'mod espliċitu,

610
00:32:14,530 --> 00:32:16,880
speċjalment jekk inti qed jittrattaw ma '
funzjoni tal-loġika kkumplikata ħafna

611
00:32:16,880 --> 00:32:17,380
fluss.

612
00:32:17,380 --> 00:32:18,450
Imma inti m'għandekx bżonn minnhom.

613
00:32:18,450 --> 00:32:24,890
Allura issa nistgħu nagħmlu funzjonijiet 5, 1, u
dan huwa bażikament dak youd jistennew.

614
00:32:24,890 --> 00:32:29,146

615
00:32:29,146 --> 00:32:31,270
Xi ħaġa oħra li nistgħu nagħmlu,
nistgħu attwalment jagħmlu funzjonijiet b

616
00:32:31,270 --> 00:32:33,260
ugwali 1, ugwali 5.

617
00:32:33,260 --> 00:32:36,870

618
00:32:36,870 --> 00:32:40,770
Allura jekk aħna tispeċifika liema numru hawnhekk,
li argument imur lil liema argument

619
00:32:40,770 --> 00:32:44,680
fil-funzjoni, nistgħu flip madwar
dawn il-valuri kull fejn irridu.

620
00:32:44,680 --> 00:32:48,405
>> UDJENZA: Hemm raġuni
li tikteb it out mal-b

621
00:32:48,405 --> 00:32:52,404
ugwali għall-kuntrarju biss bl-użu
in-numri u l-virgola?

622
00:32:52,404 --> 00:32:54,820
CONNER HARRIS: Yeah, normalment
tagħmel dan jekk għandek funzjonijiet

623
00:32:54,820 --> 00:32:58,540
bil-lott ta 'argumenti.

624
00:32:58,540 --> 00:33:00,690
Li jista 'spiss ikunu simili
bnadar li Youd biss

625
00:33:00,690 --> 00:33:03,130
tixtieq li tuża fil f'okkażjonijiet rari.

626
00:33:03,130 --> 00:33:06,740
U dan il-mod inti tista only-- inti
tista 'tirreferi għall-argumenti speċifiċi

627
00:33:06,740 --> 00:33:09,110
li inti tixtieq li tuża
Valuri mhux awtomatiċi għall-

628
00:33:09,110 --> 00:33:14,470
u inti ma għandekx biex tikteb
mazz ta 'bnadar ugwali falza wara minnhom.

629
00:33:14,470 --> 00:33:19,710
Jew Kapaċi nikteb dan mill-ġdid ma
valur ta 'default bħal b ugwali 2.

630
00:33:19,710 --> 00:33:26,289
U allura I jistgħu jagħmlu f funzjonijiet,
I ser tagħmel 4, 1 dan iż-żmien.

631
00:33:26,289 --> 00:33:28,580
U 17, li huwa ta '4 kwadrat
flimkien ma '1, kif inti tista' tistenna.

632
00:33:28,580 --> 00:33:34,290
>> Imma I jistgħu wkoll biss
sejħa dan ma funzjonijiet 4,

633
00:33:34,290 --> 00:33:36,970
u I ser tingħata 18, minħabba
I ma jispeċifikawx b.

634
00:33:36,970 --> 00:33:38,550
Allura b jirċievi l-valur ta 'default ta' 2.

635
00:33:38,550 --> 00:33:41,700

636
00:33:41,700 --> 00:33:47,200
>> OK, hekk issa jekk int
wara flimkien ma 'l-demo,

637
00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:51,010
tip il-linja fil-kmand tiegħek
pront u ara dak li taqa up.

638
00:33:51,010 --> 00:33:52,090
Attwalment, ma tagħmel dan.

639
00:33:52,090 --> 00:33:52,590
Tip din.

640
00:33:52,590 --> 00:33:57,780

641
00:33:57,780 --> 00:34:01,000
Inti għandek tikseb xi ħaġa bħal din.

642
00:34:01,000 --> 00:34:04,780
Allura mtcars hija mibnija data
stabbiliti għall din id-dimostrazzjoni

643
00:34:04,780 --> 00:34:13,550
għanijiet li jiġi with-- li jiġi
fil-kontumaċja ma 'distribuzzjoni r tiegħek.

644
00:34:13,550 --> 00:34:19,211
Din hija ġabra ta 'statistika mill
kwistjoni tar-rivista Motor Trend tal 1974

645
00:34:19,211 --> 00:34:20,710
fuq numru ta 'mudelli tal-karozzi differenti.

646
00:34:20,710 --> 00:34:28,270
>> Allura hemm mili għal kull gallun, cylinders--
I tinsa dak disp is-- horsepower.

647
00:34:28,270 --> 00:34:31,610

648
00:34:31,610 --> 00:34:32,420
Probabbilment.

649
00:34:32,420 --> 00:34:36,920
Jekk inti biss karozzi Google MT,
mbagħad wieħed mill-ewwel riżultati

650
00:34:36,920 --> 00:34:38,730
se jkun mill-
dokumentazzjoni uffiċjali r

651
00:34:38,730 --> 00:34:41,080
u se jispjegaw
kollha f'dawn l-oqsma tad-dejta.

652
00:34:41,080 --> 00:34:47,020
Allura piż is-- wt hija
piż tal-karozza f'tunnellati.

653
00:34:47,020 --> 00:34:48,880
Q sec huwa l-ħin kwart mile.

654
00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:52,409

655
00:34:52,409 --> 00:34:55,850
Allura issa nistgħu nagħmlu xi affarijiet gost
dwar karozzi MT huwa qasam tad-data.

656
00:34:55,850 --> 00:35:01,640
>> Allura nistgħu nagħmlu l-affarijiet
bħall-ismijiet ringiela, karozzi mt.

657
00:35:01,640 --> 00:35:05,490
U din hija lista ta 'l-ringieli fil
sett tad-dejta li huma ismijiet ta 'karozzi.

658
00:35:05,490 --> 00:35:10,780
Nistgħu nagħmlu colnames, MT karozzi dan.

659
00:35:10,780 --> 00:35:15,500
Jekk inti tagħmel karozzi MT,
indiċi sub-numerika, bħal 2.

660
00:35:15,500 --> 00:35:18,177
irridu jiksbu l-tieni kolonna minn
dan, li jkun ċilindri.

661
00:35:18,177 --> 00:35:19,370
>> UDJENZA: What did you do?

662
00:35:19,370 --> 00:35:21,570
>> CONNER HARRIS: I ittajpjat
mt karozzi, brazzi e,

663
00:35:21,570 --> 00:35:24,180
li tatni t-tieni
kolonna minn karozzi mt.

664
00:35:24,180 --> 00:35:34,501

665
00:35:34,501 --> 00:35:38,110
Jew jekk irridu ringiela, I tista tip
mtcars comma 2, per eżempju.

666
00:35:38,110 --> 00:35:41,850

667
00:35:41,850 --> 00:35:46,390
Maqlub 2 comma, bħal dik.

668
00:35:46,390 --> 00:35:48,880
U li tmur fir-ringiela tiegħek.

669
00:35:48,880 --> 00:35:54,680
Dan hawn biss jagħtik
kolonna, iżda kolonna bħala vector.

670
00:35:54,680 --> 00:36:04,634

671
00:36:04,634 --> 00:36:06,425
I biss realizzati issa I
nesa li juru

672
00:36:06,425 --> 00:36:09,150
xi affarijiet jibred dwar vectors
li inti tista 'tagħmel ma' indiċijiet.

673
00:36:09,150 --> 00:36:10,480
So let me tagħmel dan id-dritt issa.

674
00:36:10,480 --> 00:36:17,130
Mela ejja nagħmlu c gets-- tqegħid
dan fuq pause-- 2 darbiet minn 1 sa 10.

675
00:36:17,130 --> 00:36:21,360
Allura c huwa biss se tkun
il-vector 2 sa 20.

676
00:36:21,360 --> 00:36:24,640
I tista 'tieħu elementi bħal dan, c2.

677
00:36:24,640 --> 00:36:30,942
I jistgħu jgħaddu fil-vector
bħal dan, c-- let me

678
00:36:30,942 --> 00:36:34,470
jużaw l-isem differenti minn c, bħal VEC c.

679
00:36:34,470 --> 00:36:37,591

680
00:36:37,591 --> 00:36:39,340
Bażikament, qed nagħmel
dan sabiex inti ma tieħux

681
00:36:39,340 --> 00:36:45,010
konfuż bejn c bħala
vector funzjoni kostruzzjoni,

682
00:36:45,010 --> 00:36:48,800
u mbagħad c bħala isem varjabbli.

683
00:36:48,800 --> 00:36:53,120
Parentesi VEC C 4, 5, 7.

684
00:36:53,120 --> 00:36:56,540
Dan ser tingħata me out-raba ', ħames,
u seba 'elementi tal-firxa.

685
00:36:56,540 --> 00:37:01,740
I tista 'tagħmel VEC, titpoġġa fi negattiv
indiċi, bħall negattiv 4.

686
00:37:01,740 --> 00:37:06,500
Li se tikseb me out dan ma
ir-raba 'element jitneħħa.

687
00:37:06,500 --> 00:37:10,140
Imbagħad jekk jien ridt li tagħmel flieli,
I tista 'tagħmel VEC 2 sa 6.

688
00:37:10,140 --> 00:37:15,480
2 kolon 6 huwa biss ieħor
vector, li huwa 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

689
00:37:15,480 --> 00:37:18,230
Spits out dan.

690
00:37:18,230 --> 00:37:20,770
>> Allura xorta, lura għall-karozzi MT.

691
00:37:20,770 --> 00:37:26,650

692
00:37:26,650 --> 00:37:28,450
Mela ejja jagħmlu xi rigressjonijiet.

693
00:37:28,450 --> 00:37:34,240
Ejja ngħidu mudell gets-- ejja
lineari regress-- I do not know.

694
00:37:34,240 --> 00:37:41,780
L-ewwel ejja ma jagħtu mtcars, tal-kors.

695
00:37:41,780 --> 00:37:44,870

696
00:37:44,870 --> 00:38:00,010
Allura [inaudible] mudell lm, ejja rigressjoni
mili għal kull gallun fuq il-piż tilde.

697
00:38:00,010 --> 00:38:03,300
U mbagħad frame data hija mtcars.

698
00:38:03,300 --> 00:38:06,830
Allura mudell sommarju.

699
00:38:06,830 --> 00:38:12,900

700
00:38:12,900 --> 00:38:15,595
>> OK, so dan jistenna daqsxejn ikkumplikata.

701
00:38:15,595 --> 00:38:19,380
Imma bażikament, jaraw kif jekk aħna
jippruvaw jesprimu mili għal kull gallun

702
00:38:19,380 --> 00:38:23,970
bħala funzjoni lineari ta 'piż,
allura sirna din il-linja hawn,

703
00:38:23,970 --> 00:38:28,730
li interċettazzjonijiet fil 37.28.

704
00:38:28,730 --> 00:38:33,830
37.28 ikun il-mili teoretiċi
kull gallun ta 'karozza li jiżen żero.

705
00:38:33,830 --> 00:38:41,210
U mbagħad għal kull tunnellata addizzjonali,
inti knock madwar ħames mili għal kull gallun

706
00:38:41,210 --> 00:38:42,440
off ta 'dak.

707
00:38:42,440 --> 00:38:45,120
Dawn iż-żewġ koeffiċjenti inti
jista 'jara, żbalji standard hemmhekk.

708
00:38:45,120 --> 00:38:47,870
U huma ħafna
statistikament sinifikanti.

709
00:38:47,870 --> 00:38:55,740
>> Allura nistgħu nkunu ċerti li ħafna
1 e 10 tal-negattiv 10.

710
00:38:55,740 --> 00:38:59,510
Allura 1 drabi xi ħaġa għall-negattiv
10, li jekk inti tagħmel karozza itqal,

711
00:38:59,510 --> 00:39:01,440
din se jkollha mili agħar kull gallun.

712
00:39:01,440 --> 00:39:04,940

713
00:39:04,940 --> 00:39:07,250
Jew nistgħu test xi mudell oħra.

714
00:39:07,250 --> 00:39:09,230
Bħal minflok
regressing dan fuq il-piż,

715
00:39:09,230 --> 00:39:12,600
ejja rigressjoni fuq log tal-piż,
minħabba forsi l-piż effettiv

716
00:39:12,600 --> 00:39:15,690
fuq kilometraġġ huwa b'xi mod mhux lineari.

717
00:39:15,690 --> 00:39:18,540
>> Dan tana r kwadrat ta 0.7528.

718
00:39:18,540 --> 00:39:19,610
Mela ejja ipprova din.

719
00:39:19,610 --> 00:39:21,485
Din id-darba ejja do a
varjabbli differenti, wisq.

720
00:39:21,485 --> 00:39:22,500
Model2.

721
00:39:22,500 --> 00:39:24,800
Allura fil-qosor, model2.

722
00:39:24,800 --> 00:39:28,200

723
00:39:28,200 --> 00:39:31,390
Kull dritt, hekk darb'oħra, aħna
ltqajna aħjar linja tajbin tagħna hawn.

724
00:39:31,390 --> 00:39:36,160
U dan time-- dan huwa qal,
bażikament li kull darba li inti

725
00:39:36,160 --> 00:39:38,090
jiżdied il-piż ta '
karozza b'fattur ta 'e

726
00:39:38,090 --> 00:39:40,580
inti titlef dan ħafna mili għal kull gallun.

727
00:39:40,580 --> 00:39:43,210

728
00:39:43,210 --> 00:39:50,326
>> U hekk dan iż-żmien standard residwali tagħna
żball it-- li ma jimpurtax, verament.

729
00:39:50,326 --> 00:39:53,540
L-iżball standard residwali huwa
bażikament biss l-iżball standard

730
00:39:53,540 --> 00:39:57,760
li għandek xellug wara li
jieħdu l bogħod l-linja ta 'tendenza.

731
00:39:57,760 --> 00:40:02,805
U r tagħna kwadrat hawnhekk hija 0.81,
li huwa daqsxejn aħjar minn dak

732
00:40:02,805 --> 00:40:07,640
kellna qabel, 0.52.

733
00:40:07,640 --> 00:40:09,750
>> U hekk issa ejja żid
tul għal dan rigressjoni.

734
00:40:09,750 --> 00:40:13,020
Mela ejja rigressjoni mili għal kull gallun
kemm fuq il-log tal-piżijiet

735
00:40:13,020 --> 00:40:21,130
u, ejja nagħmlu, mili q,
ħin mile kwart.

736
00:40:21,130 --> 00:40:26,190
OK, għandu jkollu the-- id-dritt, qsec.

737
00:40:26,190 --> 00:40:26,690
Qsec.

738
00:40:26,690 --> 00:40:30,630

739
00:40:30,630 --> 00:40:35,000
Actually-- sorry, liema?

740
00:40:35,000 --> 00:40:37,000
Let me sejħa dan xi ħaġa
inkella minbarra model2.

741
00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:38,000
Let me sejħa dan model3.

742
00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:40,860

743
00:40:40,860 --> 00:40:42,900
U hekk issa nistgħu nagħmlu model3 sommarju.

744
00:40:42,900 --> 00:40:46,850

745
00:40:46,850 --> 00:40:49,100
U għalhekk għal darb'oħra, dan huwa bażikament
dak li inti tista 'tistenna.

746
00:40:49,100 --> 00:40:51,750
Inti għandek interċezzjoni pożittiv.

747
00:40:51,750 --> 00:40:54,550
Il effettiv tiżdied
piż huwa negattiv.

748
00:40:54,550 --> 00:40:58,490
U l-effettiv
żieda taż-żmien mile kwart

749
00:40:58,490 --> 00:41:02,420
huwa pożittiv, iżda għalkemm
inqas minn hekk piż.

750
00:41:02,420 --> 00:41:06,010
Issa intuwittivament, inti tista 'tagħmel sens ta'
dan billi qal jaħsbu dwar karozzi sportivi.

751
00:41:06,010 --> 00:41:08,950
Hemm aċċelerazzjoni malajr ħafna,
il-darba kwart mile qosra ħafna.

752
00:41:08,950 --> 00:41:13,729
Huma qed wkoll se jużaw aktar gass,
billi karozzi aktar sensibbli ser

753
00:41:13,729 --> 00:41:16,020
li jkollhom aċċelerazzjoni bil-mod,
darbiet ogħla kwart mile,

754
00:41:16,020 --> 00:41:20,890
u l-użu gass inqas ,, hekk
mili għal kull gallun. ogħla

755
00:41:20,890 --> 00:41:21,390
Great.

756
00:41:21,390 --> 00:41:23,431
U hekk issa wasal iż-żmien biex
plot xi ħaġa bħal din.

757
00:41:23,431 --> 00:41:27,810
Mela ejja do-- hekk bare
għadam nistgħu nagħmlu plots--

758
00:41:27,810 --> 00:41:35,280
għaliex stajt mehmuża dan il-qafas data
before-- nistgħu biss tagħmel plots, MPG wt.

759
00:41:35,280 --> 00:41:38,762

760
00:41:38,762 --> 00:41:39,720
Jagħmlu dan daqsxejn akbar.

761
00:41:39,720 --> 00:41:55,050

762
00:41:55,050 --> 00:41:57,350
Hemm, aħna bażikament ikollhom
plot dispersjoni, iżda l-punti

763
00:41:57,350 --> 00:41:58,690
huma tip ta 'diffiċli li wieħed jara fuq dan.

764
00:41:58,690 --> 00:42:04,860

765
00:42:04,860 --> 00:42:10,900
>> I ma tiftakarx offhand dak l-
sintassi hija għat-tibdil tal plott.

766
00:42:10,900 --> 00:42:14,100
So I raden dan se jkun
żmien tajjeb biex irabbu,

767
00:42:14,100 --> 00:42:18,000
hemm għajnuna builtin sbieħ ħafna
karatteristika, kwotazzjonijiet jgħinu funzjoni isem.

768
00:42:18,000 --> 00:42:21,690
Aħna ser iġibu up bażikament
xi ħaġa li tixtieq.

769
00:42:21,690 --> 00:42:28,010

770
00:42:28,010 --> 00:42:32,730
I think I ser fil-fatt jagħmlu dan
tip ugwali p għall-punti plots.

771
00:42:32,730 --> 00:42:34,369
Did li tbiddel xejn?

772
00:42:34,369 --> 00:42:35,160
U l-ebda, mhux verament.

773
00:42:35,160 --> 00:42:39,160

774
00:42:39,160 --> 00:42:39,660
Kull dritt.

775
00:42:39,660 --> 00:42:46,760

776
00:42:46,760 --> 00:42:49,580
>> Għal xi raġuni, meta I ma 'dan
fuq il-kompjuter tiegħi stess filwaqt li ilu,

777
00:42:49,580 --> 00:42:52,080
l-punti dispersjoni
kienu aktar ċara.

778
00:42:52,080 --> 00:43:06,390

779
00:43:06,390 --> 00:43:13,970
Xorta, huma t-tip dispersjoni ta viżibbli?

780
00:43:13,970 --> 00:43:15,124
Hemm wieħed hemmhekk.

781
00:43:15,124 --> 00:43:16,165
Ftit hemm, ftit hemm.

782
00:43:16,165 --> 00:43:18,860

783
00:43:18,860 --> 00:43:21,185
Tista 'tip ta' tara minnhom, id-dritt?

784
00:43:21,185 --> 00:43:24,310
Mela jekk irridu li żżid linja tajbin aħjar
għal dan plot hawnhekk, li huwa daqsxejn bare

785
00:43:24,310 --> 00:43:29,290
bones-- let me jagħmilha daqsxejn nicer.

786
00:43:29,290 --> 00:43:38,075
Main ugwali versus piż.

787
00:43:38,075 --> 00:43:46,322

788
00:43:46,322 --> 00:43:49,740
Mili għal kull gallun.

789
00:43:49,740 --> 00:43:53,570
Għal darb'oħra, inti tista 'tara kif utli
argumenti fakultattivi huma hawnhekk bl wkoll

790
00:43:53,570 --> 00:43:58,090
ma jkollhomx biex l-affarijiet fil-
ċerti ordni b'argumenti keyboard

791
00:43:58,090 --> 00:44:01,600
meta jkollok plots, għaliex
dawn jieħdu ħafna ta 'argumenti.

792
00:44:01,600 --> 00:44:07,490
>> Xlab ugwali piż, piż, tunnellati.

793
00:44:07,490 --> 00:44:10,091

794
00:44:10,091 --> 00:44:10,590
Kull dritt.

795
00:44:10,590 --> 00:44:17,340

796
00:44:17,340 --> 00:44:21,480
OK, yeah, dan il-mezz
qed daqsxejn tedjanti.

797
00:44:21,480 --> 00:44:30,160
Iżda int tista 'tara tip ta' up hemm,
hemm titolu graff fuq il-ġenb.

798
00:44:30,160 --> 00:44:35,260
Minn hawn there's-- fuq il-qiegħ
hawn hemm tikketti assi.

799
00:44:35,260 --> 00:44:37,700
I ma tiftakarx offhand
dak l-kmandi ars--

800
00:44:37,700 --> 00:44:41,000
dak li l-funzjonijiet huma li tiżdied
id-daqs ta 'dawk it-tikketti u titoli,

801
00:44:41,000 --> 00:44:43,110
iżda dawn qed hemmhekk.

802
00:44:43,110 --> 00:44:46,625
>> U hekk jekk irridu li
żid il-linja tajbin aħjar,

803
00:44:46,625 --> 00:44:49,250
stajna nagħmlu xi ħaġa like-- I
għandhom l-sintassi jinkitbu hawn.

804
00:44:49,250 --> 00:44:52,280

805
00:44:52,280 --> 00:45:11,130
Mela ftakar aħna biss żid mudell
kien MPG, piż, mtcars.

806
00:45:11,130 --> 00:45:16,470
U hekk jekk jien ridt li żżid toqgħod l-aħjar
linja, I tista 'tagħmel, mudell linja b.

807
00:45:16,470 --> 00:45:18,556
U boom, għandna linja tajbin aħjar.

808
00:45:18,556 --> 00:45:19,970
Huwa tip ta 'diffiċli li wieħed jara mill-ġdid.

809
00:45:19,970 --> 00:45:22,178
Jien pjuttost sorry dwar il-
diffikultajiet teknoloġiċi.

810
00:45:22,178 --> 00:45:25,230
Iżda din tmur bażikament
top xellug għal-lemin tal-qiegħ.

811
00:45:25,230 --> 00:45:27,550
>> U jekk l-iskala kienu
akbar, inti tista 'tara

812
00:45:27,550 --> 00:45:31,260
li l-interċett huwa dak li inti tista '
isibu mill-istatistiċi fil-qosor

813
00:45:31,260 --> 00:45:34,790
jekk inti tip mudell sommarju.

814
00:45:34,790 --> 00:45:40,130
OK, so I hope kulħadd ikollu
xi ħaġa ta 'sens ta' dak

815
00:45:40,130 --> 00:45:42,030
R hija, dak li huwa tajjeb għall.

816
00:45:42,030 --> 00:45:45,520
Inti tista 'tagħmel plots ferm nicer minn
dan fil-ħin tiegħek, jekk inti tixtieq.

817
00:45:45,520 --> 00:45:50,100

818
00:45:50,100 --> 00:45:53,950
>> Allura l-interface funzjoni barrani.

819
00:45:53,950 --> 00:46:00,330
Din hija xi ħaġa li mhix tipikament
koperti fl lectures introduttorji

820
00:46:00,330 --> 00:46:03,560
jew xi ħaġa introduttorja għall r.

821
00:46:03,560 --> 00:46:05,584
Mhuwiex probabbli int ser bżonnha.

822
00:46:05,584 --> 00:46:08,000
Madankollu, I sabuha utli fil
proġetti tiegħi stess fil-passat.

823
00:46:08,000 --> 00:46:10,984
U hemm ebda tajba
tutorja għal dan online.

824
00:46:10,984 --> 00:46:12,900
Hekk jien biss se
għaġla inti kollha permezz ta 'dan

825
00:46:12,900 --> 00:46:16,606
u allura int liberu li leave.

826
00:46:16,606 --> 00:46:18,480
U għalhekk l-barrani
interface funzjoni huwa dak

827
00:46:18,480 --> 00:46:23,130
inti tista 'tuża biex jgħajtu biex tara
funzjonijiet li għandhom R. Internament,

828
00:46:23,130 --> 00:46:29,850
R hija mibnija fuq aritmetika C. R hija biss
64-bit b'punt li jvarja aritmetika C,

829
00:46:29,850 --> 00:46:32,852
li huwa tip double [inaudible].

830
00:46:32,852 --> 00:46:35,060
U inti tista 'tixtieq li tagħmel
dan għal mazz ta 'raġunijiet.

831
00:46:35,060 --> 00:46:39,250
Għal waħda, R hija interpretata, huwa
mhux kompilat isfel għall-kodiċi magna.

832
00:46:39,250 --> 00:46:42,170
Allura inti tista 'jikteb tiegħek
loops ġewwa fil C u mbagħad jiksbu

833
00:46:42,170 --> 00:46:45,920
l-vantaġġ li jużaw R. Like
huwa daqsxejn aktar konvenjenti minn C.

834
00:46:45,920 --> 00:46:48,899
Hija graphing aħjar
faċilitajiet u whatnot.

835
00:46:48,899 --> 00:46:51,690
U filwaqt li jkunu kapaċi li jiksbu
ogħla veloċità barra mill-linji ta 'ġewwa,

836
00:46:51,690 --> 00:46:53,650
li huwa fejn inti verament bżonnu.

837
00:46:53,650 --> 00:46:56,330
>> Użu mill-ġdid libreriji C eżistenti,
li l-importanti wkoll.

838
00:46:56,330 --> 00:47:00,320
Jekk ikollok xi librerija C għal simili,
I do not know, Fourier jittrasforma,

839
00:47:00,320 --> 00:47:05,190
jew xi Archean ħafna
proċedura statistika użata

840
00:47:05,190 --> 00:47:09,470
fil astrofiżika enerġija għolja
jew xi ħaġa, I do not know.

841
00:47:09,470 --> 00:47:13,058
Astrofiżika enerġija għolja
lanqas ma huwa think, I think.

842
00:47:13,058 --> 00:47:16,480
Iżda int tista 'tagħmel dan minflok li
jiktbu port R nattiv minnhom.

843
00:47:16,480 --> 00:47:22,725
U fuq the-- u għal darb'oħra, bħal jekk inti
ħarsa fil-maġġoranza tal-libreriji default R, il

844
00:47:22,725 --> 00:47:25,600
fuq l-intern, l-intern huma
ser tuża l-funzjoni barrani

845
00:47:25,600 --> 00:47:26,724
interface estensiv ħafna.

846
00:47:26,724 --> 00:47:31,630
Huma ser ikollhom affarijiet simili Fourier
jitrasformaw jew kompjuters korrelazzjoni

847
00:47:31,630 --> 00:47:34,890
koeffiċjenti miktub fl C, u dawn ser
sempliċiment għandek tgeżwir R madwarhom.

848
00:47:34,890 --> 00:47:38,230
L-interface huwa
daqsxejn diffiċli. naħseb

849
00:47:38,230 --> 00:47:43,750
diffikultà tagħha huwa eżaġerat fil-
Ħafna mill-istruzzjonijiet inti ser issib.

850
00:47:43,750 --> 00:47:46,200
Iżda madankollu, huwa daqsxejn konfużjoni.

851
00:47:46,200 --> 00:47:48,650
U jien ma kinux kapaċi biex
isibu tutorja tajba għal dan,

852
00:47:48,650 --> 00:47:51,980
għalhekk dan huwa dritt issa.

853
00:47:51,980 --> 00:47:55,360
Għal darb'oħra, dan is-segment kollu
huwa aktar għal referenza aktar tard.

854
00:47:55,360 --> 00:47:57,687
Ma joqogħdu jinkwetaw dwar ikkupjar
kollox fl-dritt issa.

855
00:47:57,687 --> 00:48:00,020
Allura l-istruzzjonijiet li ġejjin
huma għal sistemi Unix simili,

856
00:48:00,020 --> 00:48:05,150
Linux, BSD, OS X. I do not know
kif din taħdem fuq Windows,

857
00:48:05,150 --> 00:48:08,280
iżda jekk jogħġbok biss ma tagħmel tiegħek
proġett finali dwar Windows.

858
00:48:08,280 --> 00:48:10,790

859
00:48:10,790 --> 00:48:12,460
Int verament ma jridux.

860
00:48:12,460 --> 00:48:14,770
Unix hija sett ħafna aħjar
up għall-ipprogrammar każwali.

861
00:48:14,770 --> 00:48:19,320

862
00:48:19,320 --> 00:48:21,390
Allura, bażikament barranin
interface funzjoni.

863
00:48:21,390 --> 00:48:24,420
Jekk inti tixtieq li jiktbu C
funzjoni għall-użu ma R,

864
00:48:24,420 --> 00:48:27,250
għandu jieħu l-
argumenti bħal pointers.

865
00:48:27,250 --> 00:48:30,666
>> Allura għal valuri singoli, dan
ifisser huwa indikat mal-valur.

866
00:48:30,666 --> 00:48:33,040
Għal arrays, dan huwa pointer
l-ewwel element, li

867
00:48:33,040 --> 00:48:36,750
huwa dak ismijiet array fil-fatt tfisser.

868
00:48:36,750 --> 00:48:40,140
Għal darb'oħra, din hija xi ħaġa inti għandu jkollhom
pretty totalment stabbiliti wara p stabbiliti ħamsa.

869
00:48:40,140 --> 00:48:43,334
Ismijiet array huma biss indikazzjonijiet
l-ewwel element,

870
00:48:43,334 --> 00:48:44,750
It-tip punt varjabbli huwa d-doppju.

871
00:48:44,750 --> 00:48:47,310
U l-funzjoni tiegħek għandha tirritorna bla effett.

872
00:48:47,310 --> 00:48:50,810
L-uniku mod li jista
fil-fatt tgħid R x'ġara

873
00:48:50,810 --> 00:48:54,410
huwa billi timmodifika l-memorja li lR taw
lilha permezz tal-funzjoni barrani

874
00:48:54,410 --> 00:48:54,910
interface.

875
00:48:54,910 --> 00:48:58,180

876
00:48:58,180 --> 00:49:00,127
>> Hekk stajt bil-miktub dan
eżempju hawn, dan huwa

877
00:49:00,127 --> 00:49:02,460
funzjoni li tikkalkula l-użu
dot prodott ta 'żewġ vettori.

878
00:49:02,460 --> 00:49:05,060
Huwa jieħu żewġ argumenti, vec1, vec2,
li huma l-vettori nfushom,

879
00:49:05,060 --> 00:49:06,934
u mbagħad n, li hija
tul, għaliex darb'oħra,

880
00:49:06,934 --> 00:49:12,630
R bniet fi [inaudible] biex issir taf
it-tul ta 'vettori, iżda C ma.

881
00:49:12,630 --> 00:49:16,182
Fil C, vettori huwa arbitrarju
blokki delimitata ta 'memorja.

882
00:49:16,182 --> 00:49:17,890
Allura l-mod inti tista '
jikkalkula prodotti dot

883
00:49:17,890 --> 00:49:23,470
huwa biss sett dan out parametru
għal żero u mbagħad jtenni permezz

884
00:49:23,470 --> 00:49:28,760
minn 1 sa star n, minħabba
n huwa pointer għat-tul,

885
00:49:28,760 --> 00:49:32,929
żid ftit xi ħaġa li
dan out parametru.

886
00:49:32,929 --> 00:49:34,970
U jista 'jkun prattika tajba
jekk int ser tagħmel

887
00:49:34,970 --> 00:49:37,270
dan li jiktbu żewġ funzjonijiet Ċ separati.

888
00:49:37,270 --> 00:49:41,970
Wieħed minnhom has-- wieħed minnhom biss
jieħu l-argumenti u t-tipi

889
00:49:41,970 --> 00:49:43,970
li huma normalment jkun fl C.

890
00:49:43,970 --> 00:49:47,780
>> Allura Huwa jieħu firxa
argumenti bħal pointers.

891
00:49:47,780 --> 00:49:57,090
Iżda argumenti ta 'valur wieħed bħal n,
hija biss tieħu bħala valuri minn kopja,

892
00:49:57,090 --> 00:49:57,917
mingħajr pointers.

893
00:49:57,917 --> 00:49:59,750
U allura ma
[Inaudible] out pointer.

894
00:49:59,750 --> 00:50:01,290
U allura inti jista 'jkollhom
differenti, bażikament,

895
00:50:01,290 --> 00:50:03,623
funzjoni ippakkjar li bażikament
mankijiet r-rekwiżiti

896
00:50:03,623 --> 00:50:07,740
tal-funzjoni barrani
interface għalik.

897
00:50:07,740 --> 00:50:11,840
>> Il-mod kif inti sejħa dan fir-R huwa, ladarba
għandek funzjoni tiegħek bil-miktub fis-C,

898
00:50:11,840 --> 00:50:17,770
inti tip R shlib CMD, R
kmand librerija maqsuma,

899
00:50:17,770 --> 00:50:20,110
, ikun x'ikun foo dot c jew
isem ta 'fajl tiegħek hija,

900
00:50:20,110 --> 00:50:23,020
u l-OS qoxra mhux fil-terminal R.

901
00:50:23,020 --> 00:50:25,200
U dan se joħloq
librerija imsejħa foo dot hekk.

902
00:50:25,200 --> 00:50:28,180
U allura inti tista 'tagħbija fil
iskrittura tagħna jew b'mod interattiv

903
00:50:28,180 --> 00:50:32,310
bil-kmand dyn dot tagħbija.

904
00:50:32,310 --> 00:50:35,720
Imbagħad hemm funzjoni
fl-R imsejħa dot c.

905
00:50:35,720 --> 00:50:39,310
>> Dan jieħu argumenti li huma
ewwel isem tal-funzjoni fis-C

906
00:50:39,310 --> 00:50:40,970
li inti tixtieq li sejħa.

907
00:50:40,970 --> 00:50:43,920
U mbagħad l-parametri kollha
li dik il-funzjoni,

908
00:50:43,920 --> 00:50:45,420
dawn għandhom ikunu fl-ordni korretta.

909
00:50:45,420 --> 00:50:48,580
Inti għandek tuża dawn it-tip
funzjonijiet sfurzar kif numru sħiħ, kif

910
00:50:48,580 --> 00:50:52,050
doppja, kif karattru, u bħala loġiku.

911
00:50:52,050 --> 00:50:54,710
U allura meta jidħol lura l-
lista, li għal darb'oħra huwa biss

912
00:50:54,710 --> 00:50:57,550
firxa assoċjat tal-
ismijiet parametru u l-valuri

913
00:50:57,550 --> 00:51:00,950
wara l-funzjoni tkun run.

914
00:51:00,950 --> 00:51:08,520
>> Allura f'dan il-każ, minħabba li dot prod għandha
argumenti vec1, vec2, u int n, n out.

915
00:51:08,520 --> 00:51:11,980
Biex dot c għandna dot prod,
l-isem tal-funzjoni

916
00:51:11,980 --> 00:51:16,250
aħna qed ssejjaħ, vec1, vec2, iġġiegħel tip.

917
00:51:16,250 --> 00:51:20,060
It-tul ta 'jew vector,
I biss għażlet vec1 arbitrarjament.

918
00:51:20,060 --> 00:51:25,479
Ikun aktar robusti li jgħidu s
tul min-numru sħiħ tal vec1, it-tul vec2.

919
00:51:25,479 --> 00:51:27,520
Imbagħad biss bħala zero doppja,
għaliex aħna ma verament

920
00:51:27,520 --> 00:51:29,644
kura dak tmur fil-
out parametru għaliex aħna qed

921
00:51:29,644 --> 00:51:32,270
dan ikun iffissat għal żero xorta waħda.

922
00:51:32,270 --> 00:51:37,560
>> U mbagħad riżultati ser ikunu ta '
big firxa assoċjata ta bażikament

923
00:51:37,560 --> 00:51:42,090
vec1 huwa kwalunkwe, vec2 huwa kwalunkwe.

924
00:51:42,090 --> 00:51:44,330
Iżda aħna qed interessati
out, sabiex inkunu nistgħu nikseb li out.

925
00:51:44,330 --> 00:51:47,780
Dan huwa għal darb'oħra, eżempju ġugarell ħafna
ta 'interface funzjoni barrani.

926
00:51:47,780 --> 00:51:54,160
Imma jekk għandek biex tiġi kkalkulata dot
prodotti ta 'vettori enormi fil loops,

927
00:51:54,160 --> 00:51:56,960
jew jekk għandek tagħmel
xi ħaġa oħra fil-linja,

928
00:51:56,960 --> 00:51:59,850
u inti ma tridx li jiddependu fuq R,
li ma jkollhom daqsxejn ta 'overhead

929
00:51:59,850 --> 00:52:02,830
mibnija fih, dan jista 'jkun utli.

930
00:52:02,830 --> 00:52:05,870
>> Għal darb'oħra, dan mhuwiex normalment
tema introduttorja għall R.

931
00:52:05,870 --> 00:52:08,571
Mhuwiex dokumentati tajjeb ħafna.

932
00:52:08,571 --> 00:52:11,070
Jien biss tinkludiha minħabba
I sabuha utli fil-passat.

933
00:52:11,070 --> 00:52:13,654
Prattiki hekk, ħżiena.

934
00:52:13,654 --> 00:52:15,820
Semmejt li hemm
għall loop fil-funzjoni.

935
00:52:15,820 --> 00:52:21,150
Ġeneralment inti m'għandekx, fil
il-lingwa, ma tużah.

936
00:52:21,150 --> 00:52:26,100
Bbażata fuq kif R jimplimenta iterazzjoni
internament, jista 'jkun bil-mod.

937
00:52:26,100 --> 00:52:28,540
Huma biss ukoll ħarsa ikrah.

938
00:52:28,540 --> 00:52:32,410
>> R mankijiet vectors nicely ħafna, sabiex
oftentimes inti m'għandekx bżonn li jużawh.

939
00:52:32,410 --> 00:52:35,050

940
00:52:35,050 --> 00:52:38,900
Imbagħad inti tista 'normalment
jissostitwixxu vector spiss

941
00:52:38,900 --> 00:52:42,490
ma 'dawn il-funzjonijiet imsejħa għolja
funzjonijiet ordni, Map, Naqqas,

942
00:52:42,490 --> 00:52:44,404
Sib, jew Iffiltra.

943
00:52:44,404 --> 00:52:46,320
I ser jagħtuk biss ftit
eżempji ta 'liema dawn jagħmlu.

944
00:52:46,320 --> 00:52:49,957
Mappa hija funzjoni ordni ogħla minħabba
hija tieħu funzjoni bħala argument.

945
00:52:49,957 --> 00:52:52,290
Allura inti tista 'tagħtiha funzjoni,
inti tista 'tagħtiha firxa,

946
00:52:52,290 --> 00:52:54,640
u se japplika l-funzjoni
għal kull element ta 'l-array

947
00:52:54,640 --> 00:52:55,681
u jirritorna l-firxa ġdida.

948
00:52:55,681 --> 00:52:58,035

949
00:52:58,035 --> 00:53:00,160
Naqqas, bażikament inti tagħti
dan firxa, inti tagħti

950
00:53:00,160 --> 00:53:02,930
funzjoni li jieħu żewġ argumenti.

951
00:53:02,930 --> 00:53:07,100
Huwa ser japplika l-funzjoni ewwel, il-
ewwel argument ma xi valur starter.

952
00:53:07,100 --> 00:53:09,440
Imbagħad għal dan ir-riżultat fit-tieni.

953
00:53:09,440 --> 00:53:12,590
Imbagħad għal dan ir-riżultat fit-tielet,
imbagħad dan ir-riżultat fir-raba '.

954
00:53:12,590 --> 00:53:14,870
U mbagħad jirritornaw meta jiġrilha l-aħħar.

955
00:53:14,870 --> 00:53:17,620
Hekk per eżempju, jekk inti tixtieq li
kkalkulata s-somma tal-elementi kollha

956
00:53:17,620 --> 00:53:23,240
fil-firxa, milli inti tista 'sejħa tnaqqas
ma [inaudible] tnaqqas żieda

957
00:53:23,240 --> 00:53:26,620
funzjoni, bħal funzjonijiet
a, b, ritorn plus b.

958
00:53:26,620 --> 00:53:28,960
U mbagħad tibda valur ta '0.

959
00:53:28,960 --> 00:53:32,950
>> U dawn kollha, inti tista 'issibhom
deskritti fid-dokumentazzjoni R,

960
00:53:32,950 --> 00:53:35,720
fi kwalunkwe textbook fuq
programmazzjoni funzjonali.

961
00:53:35,720 --> 00:53:38,330
Hemm ukoll il-klassi ta '
funzjonijiet imsejħa japplikaw funzjonijiet,

962
00:53:38,330 --> 00:53:42,807
li jiena don't-- li qed
daqsxejn diffiċli li tispjega,

963
00:53:42,807 --> 00:53:45,640
imma jekk inti tfittex fil [inaudible]
pprenotati li jien iċċitata fil-bidu,

964
00:53:45,640 --> 00:53:48,615
huwa jispjega lilhom pretty ukoll fil
appendiċi tiegħu dwar l-ipprogrammar R.

965
00:53:48,615 --> 00:53:51,599

966
00:53:51,599 --> 00:53:53,390
Aktar dwar prattiki,
jpoġġu ma 'vettori.

967
00:53:53,390 --> 00:53:57,570

968
00:53:57,570 --> 00:53:58,070
Yeah?

969
00:53:58,070 --> 00:54:01,651

970
00:54:01,651 --> 00:54:02,900
I think I għandhom jikkoreġu dan.

971
00:54:02,900 --> 00:54:07,450
F'dak ewwel linja, vleġġa VEC,
li vleġġa m'għandux ikun hemm.

972
00:54:07,450 --> 00:54:10,920
Inti tista 'tassenja lil vector,
għal darb'oħra, permezz jieħu tul tiegħu flimkien ma '1

973
00:54:10,920 --> 00:54:13,220
u l-assenjament xi valur għal dan.

974
00:54:13,220 --> 00:54:18,970
Li se testendi l-vector, jew inti
tista 'tagħmel huwa ugwali VEC c, newvalue VEC.

975
00:54:18,970 --> 00:54:21,540
Għal darb'oħra, jekk inti tuża C ma
argument wieħed bħala vector,

976
00:54:21,540 --> 00:54:23,300
il-ġerarkija jirriżulta gets ċċattjati.

977
00:54:23,300 --> 00:54:27,160
Allura inti taf biss tikseb vector
li l-estiŜ 1.

978
00:54:27,160 --> 00:54:30,410
Qatt tagħmel dan.

979
00:54:30,410 --> 00:54:33,330
>> Ir-raġuni għaliex inti
m'għandekx tagħmel dan hija din.

980
00:54:33,330 --> 00:54:37,430
Meta inti jallokaw vector, huwa
jagħtiha ċerta blokki ta 'memorja.

981
00:54:37,430 --> 00:54:40,680
Jekk inti żieda li d-daqs vector,
hija għandha talloka mill-ġdid l-vettur

982
00:54:40,680 --> 00:54:43,820
x'imkien ieħor.

983
00:54:43,820 --> 00:54:46,980
U għalhekk riallokazzjoni huwa pjuttost għoli.

984
00:54:46,980 --> 00:54:50,530
I mhux se tidħol fis-dettalji ta 'kif
allokaturi memorja jiġu implimentati

985
00:54:50,530 --> 00:54:57,280
fuq il-livell tas-sistema operattiva,
iżda tieħu ħafna ħin

986
00:54:57,280 --> 00:54:58,962
biex isibu blokki ġdid ta 'memorja.

987
00:54:58,962 --> 00:55:00,920
U wkoll, jekk int
lottijiet u lottijiet allokazzjoni mill-ġdid

988
00:55:00,920 --> 00:55:03,500
tal progressivament akbar
biċċiet, inti tispiċċa

989
00:55:03,500 --> 00:55:06,420
ma 'xi ħaġa imsejħa
frammentazzjoni memorja,

990
00:55:06,420 --> 00:55:09,390
fejn il-memorja disponibbli hija
maqsum f'lottijiet ta 'blokki ftit

991
00:55:09,390 --> 00:55:11,500
fil-punt allokaturi memorja ta 'opinjoni.

992
00:55:11,500 --> 00:55:15,340
U jiġrilha diffiċli u aktar diffiċli
biex isibu memorja għal affarijiet oħra.

993
00:55:15,340 --> 00:55:19,455
Allura minflok, jekk inti għandek bżonn tagħmel dan, jekk
għandek bżonn biex jikbru vector minn tarf wieħed

994
00:55:19,455 --> 00:55:24,240
għall-ieħor, minflok jpoġġu lilu
kontinwament, inti għandek pre-tallokaha.

995
00:55:24,240 --> 00:55:29,310
Vleġġa VEC, it-tul vector
ugwali 1000, jew ikun x'ikun.

996
00:55:29,310 --> 00:55:33,200
>> U allura inti tista 'sempliċement tassenja
għall-vettur tal-valuri wieħed

997
00:55:33,200 --> 00:55:36,000
żmien wara li tkun ħadthom allokati darba.

998
00:55:36,000 --> 00:55:40,140
I dam fis dan, għal darb'oħra, xogħol għas-sajf tiegħi
meta I kien miktub differenzjali NRA

999
00:55:40,140 --> 00:55:42,120
solver ekwazzjoni.

1000
00:55:42,120 --> 00:55:43,180
Mhux simboliku numerika.

1001
00:55:43,180 --> 00:55:49,290
L-idea hija li ladarba inti għandek
valur wieħed għal soluzzjoni tiegħek,

1002
00:55:49,290 --> 00:55:51,240
tuża li biex tiġi kkalkulata l-wieħed li jmiss.

1003
00:55:51,240 --> 00:55:53,700
Allura naturali tiegħi naive
inklinazzjoni kien li jgħidu OK,

1004
00:55:53,700 --> 00:55:56,930
so I ser tibda bil-vector
li l-valur sostanzjali.

1005
00:55:56,930 --> 00:56:01,260
Jikkomputa minn dak il-valur jmiss
li tmur fuq soluzzjoni vector tiegħi,

1006
00:56:01,260 --> 00:56:02,630
u tehmeż dik.

1007
00:56:02,630 --> 00:56:05,290
>> Oħloq xi ħaġa oħra, tehmeż dik.

1008
00:56:05,290 --> 00:56:08,120
Hija marret ħafna, bil-mod ħafna.

1009
00:56:08,120 --> 00:56:11,540
U ladarba I realizzati dan
u I mibdula sistema tiegħi

1010
00:56:11,540 --> 00:56:16,020
minn jpoġġu għal dan vettur
bħal 10,000 sa 100,000 drabi,

1011
00:56:16,020 --> 00:56:18,910
għal ftit pre-allokazzjoni ta 'vettur
u biss running ma 'dak.

1012
00:56:18,910 --> 00:56:22,100
Sibt aktar minn 1,000 veloċità darbiet up.

1013
00:56:22,100 --> 00:56:26,280
Allura dan huwa komuni ħafna
nassa għall-ipprogrammar R.

1014
00:56:26,280 --> 00:56:31,560
Jekk għandek bżonn biex jinbena vector
mill-biċċa biċċa, pre-allokati lilha.

1015
00:56:31,560 --> 00:56:35,360

1016
00:56:35,360 --> 00:56:40,240
>> Ieħor vjaġġ komuni up-- dan huwa tiegħi aħħar
slide, ma worry-- huwa ttrattati l-messaġġi.

1017
00:56:40,240 --> 00:56:42,890
R, li ikunu liberi, ma
verament tagħmel dan tajjeb ħafna.

1018
00:56:42,890 --> 00:56:45,010
Hemm ħafna ta '
problemi li jistgħu kultivazzjoni.

1019
00:56:45,010 --> 00:56:48,360
Per eżempju, jekk ikollok firxa
jew vector out ta 'funzjoni

1020
00:56:48,360 --> 00:56:52,377
li inti kienu qed jistennew wieħed
valur li ġej, jew viċi versa,

1021
00:56:52,377 --> 00:56:55,460
u inti tgħaddi dan in funzjoni li
inti kiteb jistennew valur wieħed,

1022
00:56:55,460 --> 00:56:57,270
li tista 'tkun problema.

1023
00:56:57,270 --> 00:57:01,440
>> Ċerti funzjonijiet
ritorn null kif jagħmlu, ngħidu aħna,

1024
00:57:01,440 --> 00:57:05,560
qari minn
ewlieni kważi ma jeżistix fil-lista.

1025
00:57:05,560 --> 00:57:08,527
Iżda null mhijiex bħal C
fejn jekk inti tipprova taqra

1026
00:57:08,527 --> 00:57:11,360
minn pointer qodma, [inaudible]
li nulla pointer, hija biss SEG difetti

1027
00:57:11,360 --> 00:57:14,109
u jekk int fil debugger tiegħek
jgħidlek eżattament fejn int.

1028
00:57:14,109 --> 00:57:17,080

1029
00:57:17,080 --> 00:57:20,772
Minflok, null se do-- funzjonijiet
se tagħmel affarijiet imprevedibbli

1030
00:57:20,772 --> 00:57:21,730
jekk dawn qed null mogħtija.

1031
00:57:21,730 --> 00:57:24,575
Bħal jekk int mogħtija null max,
dan ser jagħtuk infinity negattiv.

1032
00:57:24,575 --> 00:57:27,230

1033
00:57:27,230 --> 00:57:28,190
U għalhekk, yeah.

1034
00:57:28,190 --> 00:57:30,880

1035
00:57:30,880 --> 00:57:32,630
U hekk dan ġara
lili darba meta kelli

1036
00:57:32,630 --> 00:57:34,771
biddel mazz ta 'oqsma
fl-istruttura lista tiegħi

1037
00:57:34,771 --> 00:57:37,520
ladarba mingħajr ma tibdilhom x'imkien ieħor
I meta kien qari minnhom.

1038
00:57:37,520 --> 00:57:40,670
U allura sibt kull xorta ta 'każwali
riżultati Infinity ħsad

1039
00:57:40,670 --> 00:57:43,080
u I-ebda idea fejn ikunu ġejjin minn.

1040
00:57:43,080 --> 00:57:45,310
U sfortunatament, hemm
ebda mod stretta reali R

1041
00:57:45,310 --> 00:57:48,940
fejn inti tista 'tgħid jekk xi ħaġa
Dehra jista 'jkun żball,

1042
00:57:48,940 --> 00:57:51,960
biss tieqaf hemm so I jista 'jkun
dixxiplinati u jiffissaw dak.

1043
00:57:51,960 --> 00:57:55,282

1044
00:57:55,282 --> 00:57:57,240
Madankollu, hemm xi ħaġa
imsejħa stop jekk le.

1045
00:57:57,240 --> 00:58:00,480
Dan huwa ekwivalenti għal tafferma C,
jekk inti stajt tkellem dwar dan.

1046
00:58:00,480 --> 00:58:02,690
I do not think C tafferma
huwa suġġett lecture,

1047
00:58:02,690 --> 00:58:06,370
iżda kap tas-sezzjoni tiegħek
jista marru fuqha.

1048
00:58:06,370 --> 00:58:10,393
U jieqfu jekk mhux bażikament tieħu kwalunkwe
relattivi, sabiex kwalunkwe dikjarazzjoni li

1049
00:58:10,393 --> 00:58:11,824
jista 'jkun vera jew falza.

1050
00:58:11,824 --> 00:58:13,490
U jekk huwa falz, huwa obbligat jieqfu programm tiegħu.

1051
00:58:13,490 --> 00:58:18,260
Hija jgħidlek eżattament dak li għandek linja
kienu fuq u dak kundizzjoni fallew.

1052
00:58:18,260 --> 00:58:21,910
>> U dan utli ħafna, per eżempju,
verifika sanità, inputs funzjoni.

1053
00:58:21,910 --> 00:58:25,110
Mela jekk għandek funzjoni
u inti tistenna, ngħidu aħna,

1054
00:58:25,110 --> 00:58:29,640
jekk għandek tagħti me data, nixtieq
id-dati tkun biss vettur ta 'tul 1

1055
00:58:29,640 --> 00:58:31,735
u x'imkien bejn 1 u 31.

1056
00:58:31,735 --> 00:58:34,420

1057
00:58:34,420 --> 00:58:36,170
U jekk le, naf
xi ħaġa marret ħażin.

1058
00:58:36,170 --> 00:58:40,280
U I jagħżlu li tieqaf hemm qabel dan
għandha riperkussjonijiet każwali fuq l-effetti bil-kodiċi

1059
00:58:40,280 --> 00:58:44,190
li huwa diffiċli biex jiġi rintraċċat permezz.

1060
00:58:44,190 --> 00:58:47,170
B'tali mod li wieħed jista 'jkun
użu għall-waqfien jekk le.

1061
00:58:47,170 --> 00:58:48,660
>> Xorta, OK.

1062
00:58:48,660 --> 00:58:49,690
Allura dak l-għan.

1063
00:58:49,690 --> 00:58:51,290
Grazzi tant għall ġejjin.

1064
00:58:51,290 --> 00:58:53,710
I am a dilettanti rank fuq dan.

1065
00:58:53,710 --> 00:58:57,270
So sorry jekk int bored jew
konfuż jew dak li int.

1066
00:58:57,270 --> 00:59:01,670
Ninsab kuntenta li tieħu mistoqsijiet bl-email
fil connorharris@college.harvard.edu.

1067
00:59:01,670 --> 00:59:07,230
Dan jgħodd ukoll għal kulħadd
jaraw dan jgħixu jew aktar tard.

1068
00:59:07,230 --> 00:59:10,190
Ukoll, għalkemm jien ma
a TF, I am wkoll ħafna

1069
00:59:10,190 --> 00:59:13,900
lest li jservi bħala mhux uffiċjali
konsulent għal kulmin huwa

1070
00:59:13,900 --> 00:59:15,460
użu R fi proġett finali.

1071
00:59:15,460 --> 00:59:19,900
>> Jekk inti tixtieq għal dan,
allura biss kellem lit TF tiegħek

1072
00:59:19,900 --> 00:59:23,750
u mbagħad jiktbu me email hekk
Naf dak li qed jaħdmu fuq

1073
00:59:23,750 --> 00:59:26,680
u so I tista 'twaqqaf laqgħa
ħinijiet miegħek jekk inti tixtieq.

1074
00:59:26,680 --> 00:59:27,990
Għalhekk għal darb'oħra, nirringrazzjak ħafna.

1075
00:59:27,990 --> 00:59:28,960
Nispera li jgawdu dan.

1076
00:59:28,960 --> 00:59:29,450
>> UDJENZA: [inaudible].

1077
00:59:29,450 --> 00:59:30,617
>> CONNER HARRIS: Of course.

1078
00:59:30,617 --> 00:59:34,910
>> UDJENZA: X'tip ta 'proġett
tuża student CS R għall?

1079
00:59:34,910 --> 00:59:37,427

1080
00:59:37,427 --> 00:59:40,510
CONNER HARRIS: Mela jekk int ma tagħmel
xi ħaġa li purament fil-minjieri tad-data,

1081
00:59:40,510 --> 00:59:43,790
per eżempju, u hemm
ħafna affarijiet

1082
00:59:43,790 --> 00:59:46,692
inti tista 'tagħmel ma' dak bid-data
minjieri u t-tagħlim magna.

1083
00:59:46,692 --> 00:59:48,900
Inti tista 'tixtieq li tuża R għal
komponent ta 'xi ħaġa.

1084
00:59:48,900 --> 00:59:52,022
I aġġornati, oriġinarjament, l-eżempju
ta 'jekk int bil-miktub websajt

1085
00:59:52,022 --> 00:59:54,730
u inti tixtieq li tmexxi awtomatizzati
analiżi statistika ta 'server tiegħek

1086
00:59:54,730 --> 00:59:57,990
zkuk fuq ċertu żmien kull jum,
li jista 'jkun xi ħaġa li

1087
00:59:57,990 --> 01:00:01,260
faċli ħafna li tagħmel biss fi-qosor
R iskrittura li inti tista 'skeda

1088
01:00:01,260 --> 01:00:04,200
biex imexxu kull lejl, per eżempju.

1089
01:00:04,200 --> 01:00:06,550
>> U jien ċert, jekk
hemm xi raġuni youd

1090
01:00:06,550 --> 01:00:11,520
tixtieq istatistika jew kapaċitajiet graphing
u jkollhom din ir-run awtomatikament minflok

1091
01:00:11,520 --> 01:00:13,790
ta 'wara li jinteraġixxu
ma 'affarijiet fl-Excel,

1092
01:00:13,790 --> 01:00:16,750
per eżempju, li xi ħaġa
inti tista 'tixtieq li tuża R għall.

1093
01:00:16,750 --> 01:00:21,190
Allura xi mistoqsijiet aktar qabel nitlaq?

1094
01:00:21,190 --> 01:00:21,690
Nru?

1095
01:00:21,690 --> 01:00:24,960
Kull dritt, ukoll, għal darb'oħra, nirringrazzja
inti ħafna għall ġejjin.

1096
01:00:24,960 --> 01:00:29,417